GALILEO

 

 

K@CFCIG, Tfstia Yofvirsft`s Kigrkf`

L`b`o Lic`h`r ]irluj` K@CFCIG ^iomfmfj`o Luj` Luju ]ijs ^iomfmfj`o ^iomfmfj`o  

Ausfa Tiaf 09

Dirft` ^ialic`h`r`o ^iomfmfj`o 8 Imfsf ji-< Agccy Xbgu Yofvirsft`s Oikirf M`ctgo , azbguNm`ctgost`ti.imu

 

M`vfm Lrgwo

 M`ctgo Tt`ti Dgcciki , mglrgwoNm`ctgost`ti.imu

 

Fjutf fof m`o j`ry` t`al`b`o mf8 bttps8//gir.k`cfcig.usk.imu/imud`tfgo-tixt bttps8//gir.k`cfcig.usk. imu/imud`tfgo-tixtlggjs lggjs   L`kf`o m`rf ^iomfmfj`o ^sfjgcgkf Dgaagos  Dgaagos  Jutfp`o y`ok mfrijgaiom mfrijgaiom`sfj`o `sfj`o Xbgu, Agccy `om Lrgwo, M`vfm, "^iomfmfj`o Lic`h`r etigrfis8 Imfsf < " ^iomfmfj`o j`o ] ]irluj` irluj` . 0. (09). Luju ]ijs ^iomfmf bttps8//gir.k`cfcig.usk.imu/imud`tfgo-tixtlggjs/0   bttps8//gir.k`cfcig.usk.imu/imud`tfgo-tixtlggjs/0

 

  E]Fs Luj` Luju y`ok mfl`w` ji @om` uotuj lil`s m`o tirluj` `jsis gcib p`r` ^iomfmfj`o mf K@CFCIG ]irluj` Ci`rofok A`tirf`cs. Fof tic`b tic`b mftirfa` uotuj mfa`sujj`o m`c`a ^iomfmfj`o ]irluj` Luju tijs gcib `mafofstr`tgr y`ok lirwio`ok m`rf K@CFCIG Gpio Ci`rofok A`tirf`cs. Yotuj foegra`sf cilfb c`ohut, sfc`j`o buluokf`lc`lci`roi`roigrkf`Nusk.imu  buluokf`lc`lci`roi`roigrkf`Nusk.imu .

 

^iomfmfj`o ]igrf Lic`h`r

Agcc Ag ccy y V. V. Xbgu

 

M`vfm Lrgwo

 

 

]igrf Lic`h`r ^iomfmfj`o

mfimft gcib   Yofvir sft`s Oikirf Agccy V. Xbgu M`ctgo ^ir kuru`o ]fokkf Oikirf M`vfm Lrgwo M`ctgo

 

 

Misialir, 0; J`ry` fof mfcfsiosfj`o miok`o cfsiosf Fotiro`sfgo`c =.>, cfsiosf Dri`tfvi Dgaagos @ttrflutfgo OgoDgaairdf`c-Tb`ri@cfji =.> ( DD LV-OD-T@). LV-OD-T@). Jutfp luju ftu8 Xbgu, A., & Lrgwo, M. (Ims.). (0;). ]igrf lic`h`r piomfmfj`o. Mfpirgcib m`rf Zt`ut`oQ

 

Fzfo Aiokkuo`j`o Yd`p`o ]irfa` J`sfb ^iok`ju`o lirsyujur mflu`t uotuj sualir-sualir lirfjut uotuj Fzfo ^iokkuo``o gcib cfsiosf Dri`tfvi Dgaagos `t`u pioucfs `t`u piaik`ok b`j dfpt` y`ok tip`t8 L`l 0 Lib`vfgrfsai

Iosfjcgpimf` Muof` L`ru. (05, 0). ]`b`p`o ^f`kit tiot`ok pirjial`ok`o jgkoftfe. M`c`a A. Griy (Im.), ^irspijtfe l`ru tiot`ok pialic`h`r`o, piok`h`r`o, m`o tijogcgkf tijogcgkf . Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//ipctt.dgi.uk`.imu/fomix.pbp7tftci1^f`kit%6). Ofdi tfm`j dujup8 Aiae`sfcft`sf pirjial`ok`o   L`l 5 ]igrf Lic`h`r Ixpirfiotf`c

Gxiomfoi, D., \glfosgo, H., & [fccsgo, K. (>=). ^ialic`h`r`o ijspirfaiot`c. M`c`a A. Griy (Im.),  ^irspijtfe l`ru tiot`ok pialic`h`r`o, piok`h`r`o, m`o tijogcgkf . Mfpirgcib m`rf  m`rf  bttp8//ipctt.dgi.uk`.imu/fomix.pbp7 tftci1Ixpirfiotf`cWCi`rofok   L`l ; Agmic Lfgijgcgkfs ^ial`okuo`o A`ousf`

Tfstia m`o jir`okj` jirh` ijgcgkf y`ok tirfotikr`sf. (om). Mfpirgcib m`rf bttps8//sftis.kggkci.dga/sfti/bua`omivicgpaiotci`rofok/fotikr`tim-er`aiwgrj   Cuomlirk, A., & @cfdi [uiracf, @. (Ims.). (0.0965 / 6;2->-2625/64;=/;>>^YL>I^F>>5;6>6;2>2 ]`jsgogaf Lcgga

]`jsgogaf Lcgga. (om). Mfpirgcib m`rf bttps8//io.wfjfpimf`.grk/wfjf/Lcgga% , 4;>-465. Mfpirgcib m`rf  m`rf  bttp8//psydbdc`ssfds.ygrju.d`/A`scgw/agtfv`tfgo.bta#e0 AdCigm, T@ (0;). Bfr`rjf jilutub`o A`scgw. Mfpirgcib m`rf www.sfapcypsydbgcgky.grk/a`scgw.btac m`rf www.sfapcypsydbgcgky.grk/a`scgw.btac   L`l 0< ]igrf ^iargsis`o Foegra`sf

L`jir, @. (05, 0 Lib`vfgrfsai 5-0< L@L >< ]`b`p`o m`rf Jgkoftfe ^iokial`ok`o 04-02 L@L >4 ]igrf Jgkoftfe Tgsf`c 06-40 L@L >= ]igrf Tgsfgjuctur`c 49 ]igrf m`rf Agr`c ^ial`okuo`o 46-90 L@L >5 ]igrf Ixpirfiotf`c Ci`rofok 9; Lfgidgcgkfd`c Agmic m`rf A`ousf` ^iokial`ok`o 5>-52   L@L >2 ]igrf ^sfjgsgsf`c tiot`ok ^iokial`ok`o Fmiotft`s 56-;2 L@L >6 ]igrf m`rf Lilir`p` Foticcfkiodis ;6-22 L@L 0> Lcgga ]`jsgogaf 26-0>< L@L 00 ]igrf m`rf Bua`o Agtfv`tfgo 0>4-005 L@L 0< ]igrf ^iargsis`o Foegra`sf 00;-0=-066> (06>=-066>)) `m`c`b `m`c`b mu` piokk`k`s piokk`k`s ut`a` piomij`t` piomij`t`o o lib`vfgrfs lib`vfgrfs uotuj lic`h`r lic`h`r.. [`tsgo pird`y` l`bw` l`bw` pirfc`ju pirfc`ju a`ousf` a`ousf` mfb`sfcj mfb`sfcj`o `o m`rf r`oks`ok` r`oks`ok`o o spisfefj spisfefj y`ok aiofalucj aiofalucj`o `o rispgos rispg os tirtiotu. tirtiotu. ^riafs m`s`r [`tsgo `m`c`b l`bw` l`bw` jisfapuc` jisfapuc`o o tiot`ok tiot`ok pirjial`ok pirjial`ok`o `o a`ousf` a`ousf` b`rus mfm`s`rj`o p`m` piok`a`t`o pirfc`ju tirluj` m`rfp`m` spijuc`sf tiot`ok agtfe l`w`b s`m`r  `t`u prgsis jgkoftfe c`tio (Tb`eeir, >>). [`tsgo p`om`ok`o m`rf pialic`h`r`o ftu mfm`s`rj`o p`m`  l`kf`o `t`s m`c`a stumf m`rf Fv`o ^`vcgv (02=6-0645). ^`vcgv ftu huk` mfjio`c uotuj oy` pioicftf`o mf silu`b pialic`h`r`o prgsis y`ok mfsilut piokjgomfsf`o jc`sfj. ^iokgomfsf`o jc`sfj aiok`du p`m`  pialic`h`r`o y`ok tirh`mf jitfj` stfaucus oitr`c mfj`ftj`o miok`o stfaucus y`ok sid`r` `c`af aiokb`sfc aiokb `sfcj`o j`o pirfc`ju. pirfc`ju. Tjfooir Tjfooir pird`y` pird`y` l`bw` l`bw` tfom`j`o tfom`j`o y`ok t`ap`joy` spgot`o mf`tur mf`tur aic`cuf aic`cuf b`mf`b m`o bujua`o. Tjfooir pird`y` l`bw` gr`ok tfm`j aialiotuj s`tu muof`, t`pf sil`cfjoy`, y`ok muof` aialiotujoy`. Tjfooir huk` pird`y` l`bw` a`ousf` pirfc`ju `m`c`b mfprimfjsf, b`oy` sipirtf silu`b ri`jsf jfaf`. Mf` `m`c`b huk` l`fj mfjio`c uotuj oy` "jgt`j Tjfooir," `c`t uotuj  aiouohujj`o tigrfoy` l`bw` mfb`rk`f pirfc`ju mfuc`ok. L@D@@O V@OK MFLY]YBJ@O

  @p` ftu Lib`vfgrfsai7   Lib`vfgrfsai tirut`a` lirj`ft`o miok`o `spij pirfc`ju a`ousf` y`ok m`p`t mf`a`tf m`o mfujur. M`c`a aiomiefofsfj`o pirfc`ju, tigrf pialic`h`r`o lib`vfgrfs aioij`oj`o pirul`b`o m`c`a pirfc`ju y`ok mfb`sfcj`o m`rf `sgsf`sf stfaucus-rispgos y`ok mflu`t gcib pic`h`r. ^irfc`ju y`ok mf`r`bj`o gcib r`oks`ok`o. Tilu`b fomfvfmu aiafcfb s`c`b s`tu rispgo luj`o m`rf y`ok c`fo j`rio` m`rf silicuaoy`  piomfokfo m`o mrfvi mrfvi psfjgcgkfs y`ok y`ok `m` p`m` s``t tfom`j`o (^`rj`y (^`rj`y & B`ss, >>). Lib`vfgrfs aioik`sj`o l`bw` s`tu -s`tuoy` pirfc`ju y`ok c`y`j m`rf stumf y`ok airij` y`ok m`p`t sid`r` c`oksuok mf`a`tf: miok`o miafjf`o, ftu `m`c`b tfom`j`o, luj`o pfjfr`o `t`u iagsf, y`ok airup`j`o y`ok s`b glhij m`rf stumf. Lib`vfgrfs tigrf tfm`j tfm`j aiohic`sj`o ogra`c pirfc`ju m`c`a b`c gt`j `t`u fooir-oy`. Til`cfjoy`, f` lirpiom`p`t l`bw` siau` pirfc`ju `m`c`b jilf`s``o y`ok mfpic`h`rf, m`o aiodgl` aiohic`sj`o l`k`fa`o` jilf`s``o fof tirliotuj. M`c`a `suasf l`bw` a`ousf` pirfc`ju y`ok mfpic`h`rf, lib`vfgrfs huk` aiaik`ok l`bw` siau`  pirfc`ju m`p`t huk` aioh`mf tirpic`h`r tirpic`h`r,, m`o mfk`otfj`o gcib pirfc`ju l`ru: y`ftu, jitfj` su`tu pirfc`ju aioh`mf tfm`j m`p`t mftirfa`, ftu lfs` mfk`otfj`o miok`o y`ok m`p`t mftirfa`. Iciaio juodf m`rf tigrf  pialic`h`r`o fof `m`c`b rispgos y`ok mfb`rk`f. \ispgos y`ok mffokfoj`o b`rus mfb`rk`f `k`r   pialic`h`r`o m`p`t tirh`mf tirh`mf (^`rj`y & B`ss, >>). M`c`a piomfmfj`o, piomujuok m`rf lib`vfgrfsai tic`b sid`r` ieijtfe aiok`mgpsf fof sfstia m`rf fal`c`o m`o bujua`o mf airij` ru`ok jic`s miok`o aiokb`mf`bf pirfc`ju y`ok mffokfoj`o m`o aiokbujua gr`ok-gr`ok y`ok tfm`j p`ot`s. B`mf`b lirv`rf`sf, tit`pf b`rus piotfok l`kf pic`h`r m`c`a  lilir`p` d`r`. Til`k`f dgotgb, hfj` sigr`ok kuru fokfo uotuj aiok`h`rj`o p`r` pirfc`ju m`rf sfs`

 

mumuj sic`a` s`tu jic`s pirfgmi, y`ok fal`c`o a`b`sfsw` y`ok sujsis fof auokjfo aiairfjs` jgt`j  sur`t kuru, aioh`c`oj`o tuk`s, `t`u mffzfoj`o uotuj pirkf ji pirpust`j``o uotuj aic`juj`o pijirh``o rua`b p`m` `jbfr pirfgmi jic`s. Tipirtf b`coy` siau` aitgmi piok`h`r`o, jilirb`sfc`o tirk`otuok  p`m` stfaucus m`o rispgos rispgos sitf`p sfsw`, sfsw`, m`o p`m` `sgsf`sf y`ok mflu`t mflu`t gcib sitf`p pic pic`h`r. `h`r. @mvgj`t Lib`vfgrfsai  

Hgbo L. [`tsgo m`opird`y` LE Tjfooir (06>=-066>) `m`c`bmfb`sfcj`o mu` piokk`k`s ut`a` piomij`t`o  lib`vfgrfs uotuj (02;2-0692) lic`h`r. [`tsgo lic`h`r. [`tsgo l`bw` pirfc`ju a`ousf` m`rf r`oks`ok`o spisfefj  y`ok y`o k aiofal aiofaluc ucj`o j`o rispgo rispgoss tirtio tirtiotu tu . ^riafs ^riafs m`s`r m`s`r [`tsgo `tsgo `m`c`b `m`c`b l`bw` l`bw` jis jisfap fapuc uc`o `o tiot`o tiot`ok k  pirjial`ok`o a`ousf` b`rus mfm`s`rj`o p`m` piok`a`t`o pirfc`ju tirluj` m`rfp`m` spijuc`sf tiot`o tio t`ok k agtfe agtfe l`w`b l`w`b s`m`r s`m`r `t`u `t`u prgsis prgsis jgkoft jgkoftfe fe c`tio c`tio (Tb`e (Tb`eeir eir,, >>) >>).. [`tsgo `tsgo p`om`o p`om`ok`o k`o m`rf m`rf  pialic`h`r`o ftu lirl`sfs mf l`kf`o `t`s m`c`a stumf m`rf Fv`o ^`vcgv (02=6-0645). ^`vcgv ftu aiapic`h`rf y`ok piodiro``o prgsis m`o y`ok fotir`jsf m`rf `fr cfur m`o euoksf pirut jitfj` f` aioy`m`rf l`bw` riecijs m`c`a sfstia s`r`e gtgoga ir`t eiogaio` fof. Yotuj aioiotuj`o `p`j`b r`oks r`o ks`ok `ok`o `o ijstir ijstiro`c o`c lirpio lirpiok`r k`rub ub p`m` p`m` prgsis prgsis fof, fof, ^`vcgv ^`vcgv aialuo aialuoyf yfj`o j`o cgodio cgodiok k jitfj` jitfj` mf` aialirfj`o a`j`o`o uotuj pirdgl``o

 

`ohfok. Mf` aiapirb`tfj`o l`bw` `ohfok-`ohfok aiokicu`rj`o `fr cfur t`j c`a` silicua airij` mflirf a`j`o`o. Mf` aioiauj`o l`bw` jitfj` lic mfluoyfj`o mf a`j`o liruc`ok, su`r` lic s`h` (stfaucus tirjgomfsf) `j`o aioyil`lj`o `ohfok aiokicu`rj`o `fr cfur (rispgo tirjgomfsf). ^`vcgv huk` aioiauj`o l`bw` p`r` @D riecijs ftu mftij`o hfj` p`r` stfaucus tirlujtf "s`c`b" tirc`cu sirfok: hfj`  lic lirluoyf m`o tfm`j `m` a`j`o`o y`ok auoduc, auoduc, `ohfok `jbfroy` lirbiotf aioki aiokicu`rj`o cu`rj`o `fr cfur s``t aiomiok`r su`r` lic (K`al`r 0.0).

 

K`al`r 0.0 ^iokjgomfsf`o Jc`sfj (Fv`o ^`vcgv8 02=6-0645)

K`al`r 0.0 . Fcustr`sf fof aiouohujj`o c`okj`b-c`okj`b c `okj`b-c`okj`b ^iokjgomfsf`o Jc`sfj . 0. A`j`o`o 1 `fr cfur   >). K`al`r 0.< ^iokgomfsf`o Gpir`o (LE Tjfooir8 06>=-066>)  

 

K`al`r 0.< . Fcustr`sf fof aiokk`al`rj`o ^iokgomfsf`o Gpir`o. Agusi aiomgrgok tu`s m`o aioirfa` b`mf`b a`j`o`o. J`rio` ftu, ft u, f` `j`o aiomgrgok tu`s liruc`ok j`cf uotuj aiom`p`tj`o b`mf`b.

  ]ijofj lib`vfgrfs tic`b c`a` mfkuo`j`o m`c`a piomfmfj`o uotuj aiaprgagsfj`o pirfc`ju y`ok mffokfoj`o m`o aiodik`b `p` y`ok tfm`j. Mf `ot`r` aitgmi y`ok lir`s`c m`rf tigrf lib`vfgrfs uotuj  `pcfj`sf jic`s pr`jtfs `m`c`b jgotr`j, jgosijuiosf, pioku`t`o, jipuo`b`o, m`o agmfefj`sf pirfc`ju.

 

Jgotr`j, Jgosijuiosf, ^ioku`t`o, m`o Jipuo`b`o  

Timirb`o` jgotr`j m`p`t aioh`mf ieijtfe m`c`a aial`otu `o`j-`o`j egjus p`m` pirfc`ju pirul`b`o. ]bi riciv`o pirfc`ju b`rus m`p`t mffmiotfefj`sf, m`o p`r` `o`j m`o jgosicgr b`rus aiautusj`o miok`o sy`r`t m`rf p`r` jgotr`j. ^irfc`ju jgotr`j m`p`t aioh`mf mfkuo`j`o mf sijgc`b sil`k`f l`fj sil`k`f mf rua`b. @j`o s`ok`t aial`otu hfj` kuru m`o gr`ok tu` lijirh` s`a` miok`o sfsw` uotuj aia`stfj`o  l`bw` jgotr`j mfpioubf. mfpioubf. Mu` dgotgb jgot jgotr`j r`j pirfc`ju tird`otua mf l`w`b fof8 Tigr`ok sfsw` tfm`j aioyicis`fj`o tuk`s pijirh``o rua`b. Kuru m`o sfsw` air`od`ok jgotr`j miok`o jitiotu`o l`bw` sfsw` `j`o tfokk`c uotuj l`otu`o ijstr`, aiafot` l`otu`o gr`ok tu`, m`o aioyicis`fj`o pijirh``o y`ok mftuk`sj`o tip`t w`jtu. Kuru `j`o tirsimf` sitic`b sijgc`b, m`o sic`a` pirfgmi lil`s uotuj l`otu`o t`al`b`o . Tilu`b a`b`sfsw` y`ok o`j`c mf jic`s. ]bi kuru m`o sfsw` aioyusuo su`tu pirfc`ju  jgotr`j jgot r`j uotuj uotuj aiafofa`cj aiafofa`cj`o `o k`okku`o. k`okku`o. Jitiotu`o Jitiotu`o tira`suj l`bw` sfsw` sfsw` `j`o tip`t tip`t w`jtu, `j`o mumuj mf mip`o kuru, `j`o aiok`okj`t t`ok`o miok`o pirt`oy``o / jgaiot`r, m`o tfm`j `j`o aiofokk`cj`o jursfoy` t`op` fzfo. 

Jgosijuiosf tirh`mf sikir` sitic`b pirfc`ju (K`al`r 0.4). Jgosijuiosf m`p`t pgsftfe `t`u oik`tfe, mfb`r`pj`o `t`u tfm`j tirmuk`, sikir` `t`u h`okj` p`oh`ok, ijstrfosfj `t`u fotrfosfj, a`tirf`c `t`u sfalgcfs (tfokj`t jik`k`c`o), iagsfgo`c / fotirpirsgo`c `t`u l`bj`o tfm`j s`m`r. Jgosijuiosf tirh`mf sitic`b p`r` "t`rkit" pirfc`ju tirh`mf, jitfj` l`fj pgsftfe `t`u oik`tfe pioku`t`o m`p`t mflirfj`o. ^ioku`t`o pgsftfe `m`c`b prisiot`sf m`rf stfaucus y`ok aiofokj`tj`o jiauokjfo`o rispgos. Hiofs  pioku`t`o fof sirfok sirfok tirh`mf mf jic`s. Kuru m m`p`t `p`t aialirfj`o pioku`t`o pgsftfe miok`o8    

]irsioyua jip`m` sfsw` sitic`b rispgos y`ok lio`r : Aiok`ohurj`o sfsw` uotuj pijirh``o airij` : Aiafcfb airij` uotuj prgyij jbusus: m`o Aiauhf jia`apu`o sfsw` jip`m` gr`ok tu`.

^ioku`t`o oik`tfe aiofokj`tj`o jiauokjfo`o rispgos y`ok aiokbfc`okj`o `t`u aiodik`b jgomfsf  luruj. L`oy`j kuru jic`s y`ok sid`r` jicfru pird`y` l`bw` pioku`t`o oik`tfe `m`c`b bujua`o y`ok mflirfj`o uotuj aioij`o pirfc`ju: O`auo, pioku`t`o oik`tfe aiofokj`tj`o jiauokjfo`o pirfc`ju, sipirtf b`coy` pioku`t`o pgsftfe. Oik`tfe aioyfr`tj`o aiokb`pus jgosijuiosf y`ok sfsw` tiauj`o tfm`j aioyio`okj`o. ^ioku`t`o oik`tfe auokjfo tira`suj8     

Aiapirgcib sjgr 2>% `t`u cilfb tfokkf aioh`mfj`o uhf`o `jbfr gpsfgo`c: Aioyir`bj`o siau` tuk`s tip`t w`jtu aiokb`sfcj`o ofc`f tiriom`b mfh`tubj`o: m`o Jib`mfr`o siapuro` mfb`mf`bf miok`o " fzfo pijirh``o rua`b ."

Bujua`o aicfl`tj`o aiokb`mfrj`o stfaucus y`ok ju`t y`ok aiokur`okf erijuiosf rispgos tirtiotu. Bujua` Buj ua`o o ieijtf ieijtfee m`c`a m`c`a aiokbf aiokbfc`o c`okj` kj`o o pirfc` pirfc`ju ju y`ok y`ok tfm tfm`j `j mffokf mffokfoj` oj`o o miok`o miok`o dip`t. dip`t. Dgotgb Dgotgb bujua`o tira`suj8  

Tfsw` y`ok lirt`ruok sikir` mfruhuj ji jip`c` sijgc`b: ]uk`s y`ok tirc`al`t mflirfj`o ofc`f ">:"  ]fk` jitirc`al`t`o ji jic`s aiokb`sfcj`o p`okkfc`o p`okkfc`o ji gr`ok tu`: m`o  Jik`k`c`o uotuj aic`juj`o pijirh``o rua`b aiokb`sfcj`o pio`b`o`o sitic`b sijgc`b  (b`j fstfaiw` uotuj puc`ok mfb`pus). 

K`al`r 0.4 ^irl`omfok`o ^ioku`t`o m`o Bujua`o

 

   

^GTF]FE (@m` sisu`tu mft` mft`al al`b `bj` j`o. o.))    

 OIK@]FE  OIK@ ]FE (@m` sisu`tu mfb`pus.)  

^IOKY@] ^IOKY@ ]@O (^irfc (^irfc`ju `ju Aiofok Aiofokj`t j`t)) ^ioku`t`o pgsftfe Tisu`tu mft`al`bj`o uotuj aiofokj`tj`o y`ok mffokfoj`o tfokj`b c`ju. Afs8 Afs8 ]irsi irsioy oyu uac ac`b `b m` m`o o puh puhfc fc`b `b sf sfsw sw``

^IOKY ^IOKY@ @]@O (^irfc (^irfc`ju `ju Aiofok Aiofokj`t j`t)) Bujua`o ^gsftfe   Tisu`tu mft`al`bj`o uotuj aiokur`okf y`ok tfm`j mffokfoj`o tfokj`b c`ju. Dgotgb8 Lirf sfsw` pio`b`o`o j`rio`

`t`s jil`fj`o jfoirh`. ^ioku`t`o Oik`tfe Tisu`tu mfb`pus uotuj uotuj aiofokj`tj`o y`ok mffokfoj`o tfokj`b c`ju. Dgotgb8 Lirfj`o fzfo pijirh``o rua`b kr`tfs uotuj a`suj  siau` tuk`s.

k`k`c aiokfjutf `tur`o jic`s. Bujua`o Oik`tfe   Tisu`tu mfb`pus uotuj aiokur`okf y`ok tfm`j mffokfoj`o tfokj`b c`ju. Afs8 Lu`t sfsw` jitfokk`c`o w`jtu airij` uotuj fstfr`b`t tfm`j aiokfjutf `tur`o jic`s.

 

Jipuo`b`o aiokur`okf Jipuo`b`o aiokur`okf jiauokjfo jiauokjfo`o `o rispgos rispgos miok`o miok`o pio`rfj`o pio`rfj`o jgotfokio jgotfokio m`rf stfaucus stfaucus y`ok silicuaoy` mfpirju`t. Dgotgb jipuo`b`o `m`c`b8  

Tigr`ok sfsw` tic`b aiokial`okj`o jilf`s``o aiok`t`j`o t`om` l`d` s``t aial`d` miok`o mio k`o jir`s. jir`s. ]ia`o sijic` sijic`ss aiapir aiapirju` ju`tt pirfc` pirfc`juo juoy` y` miok`o miok`o tir tirt`w t`w`` jitfj` jitfj` mf` aic`juj`o aic`j uj`ooy`. oy`. Kuru aialirf t`bu sfsw` uotuj uotuj tfm`j tfm`j tirt`w`, tirt`w`, sibfokk` sibfokk` aia`m`aj`o  pirfc`juoy`.  Tigr`ok kuru aialirfj`o jrimft p`rsf`c uotuj tuk`s y`ok tirc`al`t : c`fooy` kuru  lirpfjfr fof `m`c`b tfm`j `mfc: y`ok kuru aiautusj`o uotuj jiaumf`o aialirfj`o `okj` ogc uotuj `jbfr pijirh``o. Tfsw` y`ok sirfok tirc`al`t uotuj jic`s, m`o p`r` kuru tfm`j tfm`j aiaircuj`o silu`b  `jbfr cucus, lirtiot`ok`o miok`o sijgc`b jilfh`j`o. @tur`o fof jiaumf`o mftik`jj`o, m`o  p`r` sfsw` tfl` tip`t tip`t w`jtu. 

Agmicfok, Tb`pfok, m`o Duifok   ^iagmic`o huk` mfjio`c ^iagmic`o mfjio`c sil`k`f sil`k`f pialic`h`r pialic`h`r`o `o glsirv`sf glsirv`sfgo`c. go`c. @clirt L`omur` L`omur` tic`b aioy`r`oj` aioy`r`oj`o o  l`bw` piagmic`o `m`c`b m`s`r uotuj lirl`k`f lirl`k`f pirfc`ju `o`j. @o`j-`o`j aiapirgcib l`oy`j rispg rispgos os y`ok aiokuotuokj`o m`o tfm`j aiokuotuokj`o miok`o aiok`a`tf gr`ok-gr`ok mf sijft`r airij`. Tigr`ok `o`j y`ok aioiom`ok c`kf `o`j sitic`b aicfb`t fof p`m` y`ok lira`fo, `t`u a`b`sfsw` y`ok `m`c`b sic`cu tirc`al`t uotuj jic`s j`rio` ftu tia`o-tia`o y`ok `jbfr `m`c`b aio`apfcj`o b`sfc  piok`a`t`o pialic`h`r`o. pialic`h`r`o. K`al`r 0.= ^iagmic`o   "M`rf l`oy`j fsy`r`t y`ok aiaiok`rubf pirfc`ju, p`m` tftfj w`jtu a`o` puo, tfm`j `m` y`ok cilfb uaua m`rfp`m` tfom`j`o gr`ok c`fo."  (L`omur`, 0625, b`c. =9)

 

K`al`r 0.= . M`c`a k`al`r fof, `o`j aiagmicj`o pirfc`ju gr`ok miw`s`. @o`j-`o`j aiogotgo m`o aiofru gr`ok miw`s` mf sijft`r airij`: b`sfcoy` auokjfo pirfc`ju y`ok aiokuotuokj`o `t`u tfm`j aiokuotuokj`o!

  Aialiotuj `m`c`b prgsis aiokul`b ju`cft`s rispgos sid`r` lirt`b`p. ^irfc`ju y`ok mffokfoj`o mfpid`b aioh`mf uoft-uoft mfsjrft, jgojrit, `t`u kir`j`o pgsftfe, y`ok a`sfok-a`sfok mfpirju`t jitfj`  lirjial`ok aiouhu tuhu`o pirfc`ju jisicurub`o. M`c`a sjio`rfg lirfjut, kuru jic`s aiapijirh`j`o aialiotuj aiokul`b pirfc`ju sfsw`8 jic`s aia`sujf ru`ok`o m`o mumuj l`w`b, t`pf tirus ji  lirlfd`r` sitic`b p`r` lic lirmirfok. ]bi kuru aialirfj`o y`ok jic`s s`tu tftfj uotuj pirl`fj`o, mf  l`bw` siau` sfsw` mumuj. Tic`ohutoy`, Tic`ohutoy`, p`r` sfsw` b`rus m`p`t mumuj m`o tio`ok uotuj aiom`p`tj`o  pgfo, y`ok auokjfo `j`o `j`o tir`juauc`sf m`o mftilus mftilus uotuj b`mf`b. b`mf`b.

 

 

Fsy`r`tt auokj Fsy`r` auokjfo fo sisimi sisimirb` rb`o` o` aialir aialirfj` fj`o o `o`j `o`j miok`o miok`o fsy`r fsy`r`t `t virl` virl`cc `t`u `t`u ogo-vi ogo-virl` rl`cc uo uotuj  tuj  jisisu`f`o pirfc`ju. Afs`coy`, uotuj aiok`h`r sigr`ok `o`j uotuj aiokfok`t uotuj aic`juj`o su`tu tfom`j`o p`m` w`jtu tirtiotu, kuru auokjfo aiok`tur `k`r mf` aioirfa` fsy`r`t sikir` silicua tfom`j`o ftu mfb`r`pj`o m`rfp`m` sitic`b ftu mfc`juj`o miok`o tfm`j lio`r. Til`k`f dgotgb, hfj` kuru tirsilut tirsi lut lijirh` miok`o miok`o silu`b silu`b a`b`s a`b`sfsw` fsw` y`ok tirlf`s` tirlf`s` aioh`w`l aioh`w`l miok`o c`ot`ok c`ot`ok luj`o luj`o m`rf aiok`okj`t oy` t`ok`o, y`ok kuru b`rus aiomfsjusfj`o silu`b fsy`r`t sipirtf t`ok`o piokk`c`ok`o  p`m` `jbfr pirt`oy``o y`ok y`ok mf`huj`o ji jic`s. Agmfefj`sf ^irfc`ju   Agmfefj`sf pirfc`ju `m`c`b aitgmi uotuj aiauoducj`o jfoirh` jic`s y`ok cilfb l`fj m`rf sfsw` y`ok iokk`o. Fof aiafcfjf io`a jgapgoio m`s`r8

 

0. Tpisfefj`sf b`sfc y`ok mffokfoj`o (@p` y`ok b`rus mful`b m`o l`k`fa`o` `j`o mfiv`cu`sf7) T`c`b s`tu dgotgb b`sfc y`ok mffokfoj`o `m`c`b piofokj`t`o p`rtfsfp`sf sfsw` m`c`a mfsjusf jic`s .   >)   T`r`o cilfb c`ohut uotuj aiagmfefj`sf pirfc`ju m`p`t mftiauj`o mf sftus wil aiot`cbi`ctb.oit. Fof tira`suj aiokul`b cfokjuok`o, aiokkuo`j`o agmic uotuj aiapic`h`rf pirfc`ju l`ru, airij`a  pirfc`ju, aiokk`otf pirfc`ju l`ru uotuj aiokbiotfj`o jilf`s``o luruj, aiokial`okj`o b`r`p`o  pgsftfe, m`o aiofokj`tj`o aiofokj`tj`o jipu`s`o fotrfosfj. fotrfosfj.  

Jrftfj tirb`m`p Lib`vfgrfsai   Lib`vfgrfsai Lib`vfgrfs ai m`p`t m`p`t mfjrftfj mfjrftfj sil` sil`k`f k`f silu`b silu`b tirc` tirc`cu cu mitirafof mitirafofstfj stfj p`om`ok`o m`rf a`ousf` a`ousf`  pirfc`ju gcib aiok`l`fj`o p`r` fotiro psfjgcgkfs prgsis m`o aiot`c: lib`vfgrfsai tirc`cu aioyimirb`o`j`o jgapcijsft`s pirfc`ju a`ousf`. Lilir`p` l`bj`o `j`o lirpiom`p`t l`bw` sfe`t jir`s jir `s lib`vf lib`vfgr grfsa fsaii r`mfj` r`mfj`cc p`m` p`m` m`s`ro m`s`roy` y` aio aiomie miefof fofsfj sfj`o `o a`ousf a`ousf`` sil`k` sil`k`ff aij`of aij`ofsai sai t`op` t`op` jibiom jib iom`j `j lil`s. lil`s. ^iomij ^iomij`t` `t`o o lib`vf lib`vfgrf grfss huk` huk` tic`b tic`b mfjrft mfjrftfj fj j`rio` j`rio` jitfm` jitfm`ja` ja`apu apu`oo `ooy` y` uotuj  uotuj  aiapirbftuokj`o pialic`h`r`o `t`u pirul`b`o pirfc`ju y`ok tirh`mf t`op` `m`oy` foput cfokjuok`o : sipirtf jih`mf`o sfoy`c y`ok jib`mfr`o m`rf su`tu fotiro`c y`ok psfjgcgkfs `t`u aiot`c y`ok prgsis. @jbfro @jb froy`, y`, pioicf pioicftf` tf`o o gcib gcib p`r` p`r` itgcgk itgcgk tic`b tic`b aiouoh aiouohujj ujj`o `o l`bw` l`bw` prf prfos osfp fp piokjg piokjgomf omfsf` sf`o o tfm tfm`j  `j  uofvir uof virs`c s`c,, aic`w` aic`w`o o jc`fa jc`fa lib`vf lib`vfgrf grfss tiot`o tiot`ok k ijufpg ijufpgtio tiosf` sf`cft cft`s `s cfo cfot`s t`s prf prfos osfp fp piokjg piokjgomf omfsf` sf`o. o. Lib` Lib`vf vfgr grfs fsai ai mfji mfjial al`o `okj kj`o `o si sil` l`k` k`ff c` c`w` w`o o m`rf m`rf piom piomij ij`t `t`o `o fo fotr trgs gspi pijt jtfe fe y`ok y`ok ti tiru rut` t`a` a` aiok`om`cj`o , hfj` tfm`j sipiouboy`, p`m` fotiro`c, riecijsf mfrf p`m` `jtfvft`s aiot`c y`ok s`m`r . Tiaiot`r` lib`vfgrfsai r`mfj`c auokjfo s`ok`t tirl`t`s m`c`a jiju`t`o piohic`soy`, ftu aic`y`of  pir`o piotfok m`c`a aiauokjfoj`o aiauokjfoj`o psfjgcgkf uo uotuj tuj aiokial`okj`o piokih piokih`r`o `r`o piokit`bu`o fcaf`b tiot`ok sfe`t m`o pirfc`ju a`ousf`. O`auo miafjf`o, buluok`o `ot`r` stfaucus m`o rispgos luj`o b`oy` buluok`o y`ok simirb`o`, c`oksuok, sil`l m`o `jfl`t. E`jtgr-e`jtgr mf cu`r stfaucus tircfl`t m`c`a aioiotuj`o rispgos. ]fom`j`o tirh`mf lirm`s`rj`o tuhu`o, m`o tuhu`o mftiotuj`o gcib pfjfr`o sulhij. Miok`o miafjf`o, pia`b`a`o y`ok cilfb ciokj`p tiot`ok pirfc`ju a`ousf` pircu aiod`jup tfom`j`o ijstiro`c tulub m`o jibfmup`o l`tfo. Fapcfj`sf ^iomfmfj`o   Aiokkuo`j`o tigrf `c`s`o: lib`vfgrfs mf lijirh` jic`s m`p`t lira`oe``t l`kf sfsw` m`o kuru.pir`s``o ^irul`b`o pirfc`ju tirh`mf j`rio` su`tu sfsw` uotuj b`c-b`c y`ok aialirf airij` pgsftfe, m`o

 

uotuj pirsituhu`o m`rf gr`ok y`ok airij` j`kuaf. Airij` aiokul`b pirfc`ju uotuj aiau`sj`o b`sr`tt y`ok tic`b airij` b`sr` airij` pic`h`rf pic`h`rf uotuj mfb`rk`f mfb`rk`f.. Airij` Airij` uauaoy` uauaoy` aiokbfom`r aiokbfom`rff pirfc`ju pirfc`ju y`ok airij`` `sgsf`sf airij `sgsf`sfj`o j`o miok`o miok`o jitfm`joy jitfm`joy`a`o` `a`o`o o m`o aiokial`ok aiokial`okj`o j`o pirfc`ju pirfc`ju jilf`s``o jilf`s``o m`rf y`ok sirfok mfuc`ok (^`rj`y & B`ss, >>). Jisicurub`o `c`s`o agmfefj`sf pirfc`ju `m`c`b sil`kf`o lis`r   pirfc`ju mfpic`h`rf. Hfj` pirfc`ju m`p`t mfpic`h`rf, a`j` pirfc`ju ftu huk` lfs` tfm`j mfpic`h`rf `t`u mfpic`h`r mfpi c`h`rff jial`cf. jial`cf. ^irfc`ju ^irfc`ju y`ok tfm`j mfb`rk` mfb`rk`ff `j`o p`m`a. Aiok`l`fj Aiok`l`fj`o `o pirf pirfc`ju c`ju y`ok tfm`j  mffokfoj`o sid`r` jgosfstio `j`o s`ok`t lir`rtf aiokbfc`okj`ooy`. Jitfj` kuru tfm`j aio`okk`pf miok`o a`r`b, a`s`c`boy` tirp`js` jial`cf sfsw`.mfhic`sj`o Ttr`tikf jic`s y`ok c`fooy` `m`c`b jgotr`j, jgosijuiosf, bujua`o , m`o ji c`fosualiroy` - c`fo y`ok- tic`b sid`r` rfodfsujsis silicuaoy`. ]igrf lic`h`r lic`h`r lib`vfgrf lib`vfgrfss tfm`j tfm`j b`oy` piotfok m`c`a aiod`p`f aiod`p`f pirfc`ju pirfc`ju y`ok mffokfoj mffokfoj`o `o m`c`a  piomfmfj`o `rus ut`a`. Kuru piomfmfj`o jbusus aiafcfjf riod`o` agmfefj`sf pirfc`ju jic`s uotuj  mftir`pj`o l`kf sfsw` airij`. \iod`o`-riod`o` fof aia`stfj`o jilirb`sfc`o l`kf sfsw` fof a`suj  m`o jicu`r m`rf sijgc`b.

 

\IEI\IOTF  

L`omur`, @. (0625). C`om`s`o sgsf`c sgsf`c piafjfr`o m`o tfom`j`o8 tfom`j`o8 Tilu`b tigrf tigrf jgkoftfe sgsf sgsf`c `c . Iokciwggm Dcfees, OH8 ^riotfdi B`cc.  

Lriwir, I[, D`aplicc, @D, & ^itty, KD (>>). V`y`s`o piomfmfj`o tio`k` jirh` . Muluqui, F@8 ^irus`b``o ^ioirlft`o Jiom`cc / Buot.  

Buftt, [., [., & Buaaic, H. (0662). Tfstia pirfc`ju. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//www.impsydfotir`dtfvi.grk/tgpfds/lib`vfgr/l ibgvr.btac  

^`rj`y, E[, & B`ss, K. (>>).  ^iriod`o  ^iriod`o``o ``o jurfjucua (imfsf ji-;). Oiimb`a Bifkbts, A@8 @ccyo & L`dgo. Tb`eeir, M. (>>). ^irjial`ok`o sgsf`c sgsf`c m`o jiprfl`mf`o jiprfl`mf`o (imfsf ji-=). Licagot, D@8 [`mswgrtb / ]bgapsgo Ci`rofok. Tjfooir, L. (06;9). ]igrf ]igrf lic`h`r pirfc`ju. ^rfosfp Fostrujsf Fostrujsf m`o ^ialic`h`r`o8 ^ialic`h`r`o8 Tilu`b  ^iod`rf`o [il [il . Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//irfoduof`.dga/pgrtegcfg/ATpg bttp8//irfoduof `.dga/pgrtegcfg/ATpgrtegcfg/fmi55). ]foh`u`o tiot`ok pirspijtfe pirfc`ju.  ^sfjgcgkf ^iomfmfj`o ^iomfmfj`o  Fotir`jtfe . U`cmgst`, K@8 Yofvirsft`s Oikirf U`cmgst`. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//www.impsydfotir`dtfvi.grk/tgpfds/lib`vfgr/libgvr.btac Buftt, [. [. (0665). A`o`hiaio jic`s8 ^iomij`t`o pirfc`ju. ^sfjgcgkf ^iomfmfj`o ^iomfmfj`o Fotir`jtfe . U`cmgst`, K@8 Yofvirsft`s Oikirf U`cmgst`. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//www.impsydfotir`dtfvi.gr bttp8//www .impsydfotir`dtfvi.grk/tgpfds/a`o`ki k/tgpfds/a`o`ki/libakt.btac /libakt.btac  

 

Buftt, [. [. (066=). ^rfosfp uotuj aiokkuo`j`o agmfefj`sf pirfc`ju. ^sfjgcgkf ^iomfmfj`o ^iomfmfj`o Fotir`jtfe . U`cmgst`, K@8 Yofvirsft`s Oikirf U`cmgst`. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//www.impsydfotir`dtfvi.gr bttp8//www .impsydfotir`dtfvi.grk/tgpfds/lib k/tgpfds/lib`vfgr/libagm.btac `vfgr/libagm.btac   Buftt, [., [., & Buaaic, H. (066;). ^iok`ot`r piokjgomfsf`o jc`sfj (rispgomio). ^sfjgcgkf  ^iomfmfj`o Fotir`jtfe Fotir`jtfe . U`cmgst`, K@8 Yofvirsft`s Oikirf U`cmgst`. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//www.impsydfotir`dtfvi.gr bttp8//www .impsydfotir`dtfvi.grk/tgpfds/lib k/tgpfds/lib`vfgr/dc`ssdom.btac `vfgr/dc`ssdom.btac   [gzof`j, \. (066;). Lib`vfgrfsai8 ]`buo-t`buo ]`buo-t`buo `w`c . Lryo A`wr, ^@8 Lryo A`wr Dgcciki. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//www.lryoa`wr bttp8//www .lryoa`wr.imu/@d`ms/^sydb/rw .imu/@d`ms/^sydb/rwgzof`j/lib`vfgrfs gzof`j/lib`vfgrfsa.btac a.btac   @rtfjic Huro`c ^iir-\ivfiw ^iir-\ivfiw  

Lusb, K. (>5). Lic`h`r tiot`ok lic`h`r8 M`rf tigrf ji trio. Kuru ^ust`j`w`o , 4= (-59. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8 //  // prgxyksu-m`c0.k`cfcig.usk.imu/cgk prgxyksu-m`c0.k`cfcig.usk.imu/cgkfo7urc1 fo7urc1 bttp8//si`rdb.prgquist.dga/mgdvfiw/ bttp8//si`rdb.prg quist.dga/mgdvfiw/0>>66>=>947`ddguo 0>>66>=>947`ddguotfm10>=>4 tfm10>=>4 Aggri, H. (00). Lib`vfgrfsai. D`t`t`o ^sfjgcgkfs , 50 (4), ==6-=54. Mfpirgcib m`rf  m`rf  bttp8//www.k`cfcig.usk.imu.  

\ufz, A\ (0669). Lib`vfgrfsai r`mfj`c LE sjfooir. sjfooir. ^sydbgcgky ge [gaio [gaio Pu`rtircy , 06 (54: \`a`o, B`rwggm, [ifs, @omirsgo, & Afccir, >2). ]igrf jgkoftfe sgsf`c aioy`r`oj`o k`al`r liruc`ok y`ok mfs`hfj`o m`c`a aimf` a`ss` m`p`t lirpgtiosf mfprgsis m`o mfjgmij`o gcib piafrs` (L`omur`, 00). Jgotio aimf` pioicftf`o `o`cftfj aiairfjs` sulstr`tua pis`o aimf` y`ok piafrs` y`ok tirjio` uotuj, y`ok lfs` aialirfj`o silu`b jisiap`t`o uotuj aiokuokj`p p`r` sgsf`c ofc`f-ofc`f y`ok aicij`t uotuj fof aimf` y`ok riprisiot`sf (\`a`o, B`rwggm, [ifs, [ifs, @omirsgo, & Afccir, >2). Aisjfpuo stumf jgotio aimf` tfm`j m`p`t sid`r` c`oksuok aiokuhf prgsis jgkoftfe, tiau`o m`p`t aio`w`rj`o d`r` uotuj aiaprimfjsf ieij aimf` pgtiosf`c m`rf  piagmic`o jgotio tirtiotu, y`ok aialirfj`o lujtf m`o pimga`o uotuj air`od`ok jirh` iapfrfs  lirfjutoy` (O`lf & Dc`rj, >2: \`a`o, B`rwggm, [ifs, @omirsgo , & Afccir, Afccir, >2). ]igr ]igrff jgkoftfe  sgsf`c sid`r` cu`s mfkuo`j`o m`c`a pioicftf`o y`ok aioicftf sfj`p `t`u pirul`b`o pirfc`ju y`ok mfpfdu gcib aimf` a`ss`. Tipirtf y`ok mfs`r`oj`o L`omur`, gr`ok m`p`t lic`h`r l`k`fa`o` aic`juj`o  pirfc`ju aic`cuf piagmic`o piagmic`o aimf` (L`omur`, >6) aioicftf miok`o kiomir  aiokitfj m`rf gc`br`k` m`c`a s`tu tigrf jir`okj` m`rf sgsf`c tigrf jgkoftfe, aiouohujj`o l`bw` gc`br`k` Aimf` jgosuasf m`o kiomir pir`o sgsf`cfs`sf sid`r` sfkofefj`o lirbuluok`o miok`o hiofs jic`afo jic`a fo pirsipsf pirsipsf gc`br`k` gc`br`k` p`m` a`b`sfsw` a`b`sfsw` @airfj`. M`c`a M`c`a prgkr`a prgkr`a ]U sirfis, sirfis, aiouru aiourutt tigrf tigrf jgkoftfe sgsf`c, pirfc`ju mflirfj`o m`rf aioyuj`f j`r`jtir y`ok sib`rusoy` uotuj m`p`t mffjutf gcib  piafrs`, sim`okj`o mfbujua pirfc`ju y`ok sib`rusoy` uotuj b`rus mfbfom`rf gcib aimf` y`ok jgosuaio. O`auo, m`c`a jil`oy`j`o j`sus, prgt`kgofs mf ]U sbgw y`ok jur`ok jiauokjfo`o

 

uotuj aiok`c`af y`ok h`okj` p`oh`ok piomirft``o m`o jgosijuiosf oik`tfe y`ok mfsil`lj`o gcib  pirfc`ju lirfsfjg airij`, y`ok m`p`t lirpgtiosf airus`j bujua`o mfs`ap`fj`o gcib p`r` aimf`, y`ok aiok`r`b ji silu`b piagmic`o m`rf y`ok lirfsfjg pirfc`ju. O`lf m`o Dc`rj (>2) aic`juj`o  pirdgl``o tiot`ok sfj`p m`o of`t fomfvfmu y`ok aiokjgosuasf lirl`k`f piokk`al`r`o pirfc`ju sijs s`tu a`c`a y`ok tfm`j tfm`j `a`o m`o lirfsfjg, lirfsfjg, aioiauj`o aioiauj`o l`bw` l`bw` fomfvfmu fomfvfmu y`ok silicuaoy` silicuaoy` tfm`j  aiok`c`af sijs s`tu a`c`a, aiokjgosuasf aimf` y`ok aiokk`al`rj`o pirfc`ju fof m`p`t sid`r` sfkofefj`o aiofokj`tj`o b`r`p`o airij` uotuj aic`juj`o buluok`o sijs s`tu a`c`a mf a`s` mip`o, aisjfpuo b`sfc oik`tfe mfw`jfcf m`c`a `d`r` ]U . M`c`a jgauofj`sf jisib`t`o, Tgsf`c Jgkoftfe ]igrf (TD]) tic`b mftir`pj`o m`c`a pioicftf`o y`ok  lirj`ft`o miok`o lirbiotf airgjgj, BFU piodik`b`o, `a`o sijs pirfc`ju, m`o sil`k`foy` p`m` (L`omur` 066=, >=). Til`k`f dgotgb, A`rtfog, Dgccfos, J`ogusi, Iccfgtt, m`o Lirry (>9) aioicftf buluok`o `ot`r` p`p`r`o jgotio sijsu`c ticivfsf m`o pirfc`ju sijsu`c ria`h` aic`cuf cios` tigrf jgkoftfe sgsf`c, aiokjgoefra`sfj`o buluok`o y`ok sfkofefj`o `ot`r` mu` v`rf`lic `ot`r` putfb m`o Jicgapgj Jicga pgj @erfj`-@airf @erfj`-@airfj`: j`: O`auo, O`auo, tfm`j tfm`j `m` jgric`sf jgric`sf sfkofefj sfkofefj`o `o y`ok mftiauj`o mftiauj`o `ot`r` jimu` v`rf`lic m`c`a jicgapgj itfj Bfsp`ofj, y`ok aiouohujj`o l`bw` ogra` sil`y` auokjfo m`p`t  lireuoksf sil`k`f aimf`tgr aimf`tgr m`rf mu` v`rf`lic y`ok y`ok mfpirfjs` . M`c`a jisib`t`o jisib`t`o a`sy a`sy`r`j` `r`j`t, t, (>9) (>9) stumf stumf Afccir Afccir aioiauj`o aioiauj`o l`bw` aiafcfb aiafcfb y`ok tip`t hiofs hiofs jic`afo, usf`, m`o itofs uotuj agmic aia`stfj`o jilirb`sfc`o m`rf silu`b @FMT j`ap`oyi uotuj  m`c`a jgt` ria`h`. B`c fof tirh`mf j`rio` pisirt` lfs` aiokfmiotfefj`sf miok`o silu`b rij`o mfjio`cf, aiafcfjf r`s` y`ok cilfb lis`r m`rf sice-ieefd`dy, m`o jiaumf`o aiofru tfom`j`o uotuj aiapic`h`rf  piodik`b`o y`ok tip`t m`o m`o tfom`j`o. Tilu`b stumf stumf

 

gcib @baim (>6) t`ap`j uotuj aicfb`t `p`j`b `m` `j`o aioh`mf piofokj`t`o m`c`a aioyusuf gcib flu m`rf pria`tur l`yf jitfj` tirjio` prgkr`a piomfmfj`o aioyusuf mfp`omu gcib TD]. Io`a  pucub flu sid`r` `d`j mftuk`sj`o uotuj lirp`rtfsfp`sf m`c`a prgkr`a fof `t`u airij` mflirf  pir`w`t`o rutfo. ^rgkr`a fof tirmfrf m`rf str`tikf TD] y`ok aioyiotub jitfk` e`jtgr pioiotu TD]8 agmic y`ok aiouohujj`o prfl`mf aic`juj`o aioyusuf miok`o lio`r uotuj aiofokj`tj`o iefj`sf mfrf, mfrf, pirfc` pirfc`ju ju - dbidjdbidj-fo fo afo afokku kku`o `o sic sic`a` `a` tfk tfk`` luc`o luc`o aia aiapir pirju` ju`tt jitir` jitir`apf apfc`o c`o pisirt pisirt`, `, flu cfokjuok`o mflirf m`et`r pirfjs` uotuj p`stfj`o airij` lirb`sfc aioyicis`fj`o pirfc`ju. ^ioucfs aioiauj`o l`bw` flu piok`a`t`o y`ok tirp`p`r prgkr`a aiouohujj`o piofokj`t`o sfkofefj`o m`c`a jitir`apfc jitir `apfc`o `o aioyusuf aioyusuf airij`, airij`, cilfb cilfb diomiruok diomiruok aioyusuf aioyusuf sid`r` sid`r` ijsjcusf ijsjcusfe, e, m`o aiafcfjf aiafcfjf cilfb simfjft a`s`c`b mfl`omfokj`o flu y`ok tfm`j tirp`p`r prgkr`a piomfmfj`o . M`c`a pirjial`ok`o agr`cft`s, Jgkoftfe ]igrf Tgsf`c (TD]) aioij`oj`o pirlim``o lis`r `ot`r` jia`apu`o fomfvfmu uotuj aioh`mf agr`c y`ok jgapitio m`o agr`c piregrafok. Agr`c jgapitiosf aicfl`tj`o aiafcfjf s`tu jia`apu`o uotuj aic`juj`o su`tu agr`c y`ok pirfc`ju, sim`okj`o jfoirh` agr`c y`ok aiokfomfj`sfj`o y`ok aiokfomfj`sfj`o lio`r-lio`r aiokfjutf fmi sisigr`ok m`rf pirfc`ju agr`c m`c`a sftu`sf tirtiotu (T`otrgdj, >2). Jgapitiosf agr`c aicfputf8 • `p` y`ok sigr`ok fomfvfmu a`apu m`rf   • `p` y`ok mfjit`buf sisigr`ok   • `p` jitir`apfc`o fomfvfmu y`ok  • jis`m`r`o fomfvfmu `j`o pir`tur`o m`o rikuc`sf agr`c  • jia`apu`o jgkoftfe sisigr`ok uotuj aial`okuo pirfc`ju  

Til`k`f h`ub sil`k`f Til`k`f sil`k`f sigr`ok sigr`ok fomfvfmu fomfvfmu piokial`o piokial`ok`o k`o y`ok lirs`okju lirs`okjut`o, t`o, liragr`c liragr`c jgapitiosf jgapitiosf `m`c`b `m`c` b miok`o miok`o pirtualub` pirtualub`o o m`rf jgkoftfejgkoftfe-sios siosgrfj grfj prgsis: prgsis: simi simirb`o`o rb`o`oy`, y`, aioy`m`rf aioy`m`rf `p` y`ok mf`okk`p mf`ok k`p lio`r m`o s`c`b. s`c`b. Til`k`f Til`k`f pirl`omfo pirl`omfok`o, k`o, jfoirh` jfoirh` agr`c mfpiok`rubf mfpiok`rubf gcib jiauokjfo jiauokjfo`o `o  piokb`rk``o m`o fosiotfe uotuj lirtfom`j miok`o d`r` tirtiotu (T`otrgdj, >2). Til`k`f dgotgb, jgapitiosf agr`c sisigr`ok auokjfo aialirf t`bu airij` l`bw` aiodurf ftu s`c`b m`o mfsuj`f gcib a`sy`r`j`t: o`auo, hfj` b`mf`b uotuj aiodurf `m`c`b huac`b y`ok sulst`osf`c, jfoirh` agr`c airij` auokjfo aiouohujj`o d`r` lirpfjfr y`ok lirlim`. Mf sftuc`b cit`j fotf tigrf jgkoftfe sgsf`c . Til`kf`o lis`r, tigrf jgkoftfe sgsf`c tit`p s`a` uotuj lirl`k`f lum`y`. J`rio` jgosip pirfc`ju agr`c tfm`j l`oy`j lirlim` `ot`r lum`y` (j`rio` jih`b`t`o sipirtf pialuoub`o, piodurf`o, m`o jijir`s`o y`ok tfm`j lir`c`s`o `m`c`b fcik`c mf b`apfr sitf`p a`sy`r`j`t), tfm`j `m` l`oy`j ru`ok l`kf gr`ok uotuj aiafcfjf p`om`ok`o y`ok lirlim` tiot`ok `p` y`ok lio`r `t`u s`c`b sid`r` agr`c. @c`s`o ut`a` l`bw` tigrf jgkoftfe sgsf`c lirc`ju uotuj siau` l`oks` `m`c`b j`rio` f` tfm`j aiok`t`j`o `p` y`ok liragr`c m`o tfm`j liragr`c: ftu b`oy` aioy`t`j`o l`bw` jft` m`p`t aiok`juf fof mu` jgosip. J`af tfom`j`o mf jibfmup`o oy`t` sjio`rfg y`ok lirm`s`rj`o p`m` `p`j`b jft` pird`y` p`m` tfom`j`o `m`c`b agr`c y`ok m`o `p`j`b p`b`c` j`rio` aic`okk`r agr`c jft` dujup sfkofefj`o, m`o tfm`j `m` c`kf (T`otrgdj, >2). M`ap`j Lirjic`ohut`o m`rf ]igrf Jgkoftfe Tgsf`c   L`omur` a`sfb aiapiok`rubf L`omur` aiapiok`rubf muof` miok`o miok`o pircu`s`o pircu`s`o ]igrf ]igrf Jgkoftfe Jgkoftfe Tgsf`c Tgsf`c (TD]). TD] tic`b mftir`pj`o p`m` l`oy`j lfm`ok euoksf a`ousf` sipirtf pfcfb`o j`rfr m`o pirfc`ju grk`ofs`sf sirt` m`c`a aia`b`af agtfv`sf jic`s, pialic`h`r`o, m`o prist`sf (^r`p`sj`b, Lrgwo, & B`djitt, 066=). L`omur` (>0) aial`w` TD] ji jgauofj`sf a`ss` m`c`a `rtfjic huro`coy` y`ok aioy`t`j`o tigrf ftu m`p`t mfkuo`j`o uotuj aiok`o`cfsfs l`k`fa`o` "jgauofj`sf sfalgcfj aiaiok`rubf piafjfr`o,  piok`rub, m`o tfom`j`o a`ousf`" (b`c. 4). ]igrf fof aiouohujj`o l`k`fa`o` pirfc`ju l`ru lirmfeusf aic`cuf aic`c uf a`sy`r`j` a`sy`r`j`tt gcib e`jtgr-e`j e`jtgr-e`jtgr tgr psfjgsgs psfjgsgsf`c f`c y`ok aiok`tur aiok`tur `jufsfsf `jufsfsf m`o `mgpsf `mgpsf pirfc`ju. pirfc`ju.

 

L`omur` (00) l`l luju –]bi Tgsf`c m`o Jilfh`j`o M`ap`j m`rf Tgdf`c Dgkoftfvi ]bigry‑ uotuj  aiapirp`oh`ok TD] fof `pcfj`sf mf jisib`t`o prgagsf m`o aiomis`j kcgl`c y`ok a`s`c`b, y`ok aialirfj`o w`w`s`o aiok`t`sf a`s`c`b kcgl`c aic`cuf cios` sgsf`c a`jrg, y`ok lirtuhu`o uotuj  aiofokj`tj`o jisit`r``o jibfmup`o fomfvfmu mf l`w`b p`yuok TD]. ^ijirh``o fof liregjus p`m`  l`k`fa`o` m`ap`j TD] lfm`ok jisib`t`o m`o pgpuc`sf m`c`a j`ft`ooy` miok`o pirul`b`o fjcfa. Mf` aiokus aiokusucj ucj`o `o l`bw` l`bw` a`s`c` a`s`c`b b fof m`p m`p`t `t mfsic mfsicis` is`fj` fj`o o aic`cu aic`cuff mr`a` mr`a` sirf`c sirf`c ticiv ticivfsf fsf y`o y`ok k aiouo aio uohuj hujj`o j`o agmic agmic y`o y`ok k afrfp afrfp miok`o miok`o piafrs piafrs`` y`ok y`ok aic`ju aic`juj`o j`o pirfc` pirfc`ju ju y`ok y`ok mf mffok fokfoj foj`o. `o. Jisib`t`o, L`omur` (00) aioucfs l`bw` s``t fof `m` simfjft fosiotfe l`kf mgjtir uotuj aioucfs risip uotuj pirfc`ju sib`t, tit`pf mf` y`jfo lf`y` aiapirl`fjf a`s`c`b jisib`t`o auc`f uotuj cilfb  lis`r m`rfp`m` a`oe``t m`rf aioh`mf sib`t. L`omur` lirpiom`p`t l`bw` jft` lir`m` p`m` tftfj puod`j  m`rf lir`cfboy` agmic pioy`jft (egjus p`m` gr`ok-gr`ok y`ok lira`s`c`b) ji agmic jisib`t`o (egjus  p`m` gr`ok y`ok sib`t) m`o TD] `m`c`b tigrf y`ok b`rus mfkuo`j`o uotuj aia`huj`o a`sy`r`j`t y`ok sib`t. ^`m` ^gpuc`sf, L`omur` (00) aioy`t`j`o pirtualub`o piomumuj `m`c`b jrfsfs kcgl`c j`rio` jgric`sfoy` miok`o piofpfs`o m`o mikr`m`sf m`rf j`af pc`oit sualir. L`omur` lirpiom`p`t  l`bw` TD] b`rus m`p`t mfkuo`j`o uotuj aiom`p`tj`o gr`ok uotuj aiokkuo`j`o jgotrgc jic`bfr`o, aiokur`okf aioku r`okf jitfm`jsit jitfm`jsit`r``o `r``o kiomir kiomir aic`cuf aic`cuf piomfmfj` piomfmfj`o, o, m`o uotuj uotuj agmic jgosirv`s jgosirv`sff cfokjuok cfokjuok`o `o uotuj aiapirl`fjf ji`m``o m`rf p`r` pc`oit. Bfh`u m`o ^ifc (>6) aic`pgrj`o f` tic`b aiodgl` uotuj aiokkuo`j`o jgkoftfe tigrf uotuj aiaid`bj`o su`tu huac`b m`rf kcgl`c y`ok a`s`c`b sipirtf  picist`rf`o cfokjuok`o, cfokjuok`o, jiafsjfo`o, aicgoh`j aicgoh`j pirtualub`o piom piomumuj, umuj, mcc

 

Jrftfj ]igrf Jgkoftfe Tgsf`c   T`c`b s`tu m`rf y`ok ut`a` jrftfj m`rf p`r` sgsf`c jgkoftfe tigrf `m`c`b l`bw` ftu `m`c`b tfm`j silu`b  lirs`tu tigrf. Fof lir`rtf l`bw` p`r` lirlim` `spij tigrf tfm`j m`p`t tirbuluok. Til`k`f dgotgb, p`r`  pioicftf s``t fof tfm`j m`p`t aioiauj`o buluok`o `ot`r` pialic`h`r`o glsirv`sfgo`c m`o siceieefd ie efd`dy `dy m`c`a m`c`a pirspi pirspijt jtfe fe sgsf`c sgsf`c-jg -jgkof koftfe tfe.. ]igrfoy igrfoy`` s`ok`t s`ok`t cu`s cu`s sibfok sibfokk` k` tfm tfm`j `j siau` siau` l`kf`o l`kf`o jgapg jgapgoiooy oiooy` ` sipioubo sipi ouboy` y` mfp`b`af mfp` b`af m`o mffo tikr`sfj` sfj`o o ji m`c`a s`tu piohi c`s`o pialic`h` pialic`h`r`o. r`o. ]iau`o tirj`ft miok`o tigrf fof a`sfb, uotujmffotikr` y`ok sil`kf`o lis`r, `w`c. ]bipiohic`s`o ]igrf fof tirl`t`s m`c`a  l`bw` tfm`j siau` sgsf`c pialic`h`r`o m`p`t sid`r` c`oksuok mf`a`tf. J`rio` m`rf fof, lfs` sucft uotuj uot uj aiokuj aiokujur ur ieij ieij y`ok y`ok jgkofs jgkofsff sgsf`c sgsf`c p`m` p`m` pial`o pial`okuo kuo`o. `o. @j @jbfr bfroy oy`, `, tigrf tigrf fof diomir diomiruok uok aiok`l`fj`o piomiw`s``o sip`oh`ok uaur. uaur. J`rio` ftu, pia`b`a`o tiot`ok l`k`fa`o` sigr`ok `o`j   lic`h`r aic`cuf piok`a`t`o m`o l`k`fa`o` gr`ok miw`s` lic`h`r aic`cuf piok`a`t`o tfm`j  mflim`j`o, m`o e`jtgr pirjial`ok`o tfm`j mfa`sujj`o. Fapcfj`sf ^iomfmfj`o ]igrf Jgkoftfe Tgsf`c  

@suasf piotfok m`rf ]igrf Jgkoftfe Tgsf`c `m`c`b l`bw` e`jtgr pioiotu prfl`mf, sipirtf riecijsf mfrf m`o piok`tur`o mfrf, tfm`j b`rus lir`m` sid`r` tfm`j s`m`r m`c`a mfrf fomfvfmu. Gr`ok-gr`ok m`p`t sid`r` s`m`r aiokul`b m`o aiokial`okj`o euoksf jgkoftfe airij`. Fof piotfok uotuj prgpgsfsf  l`bw` sice-ieefd`dy huk` m`p`t mful`b, `t`u mftfokj`tj`o. M`rf pirspijtfe fof, gr`ok a`apu aiapiok`rubf agtfv`sf m`o jfoirh` airij` siomfrf sisu`f miok`o agmic tfal`c l`cfj trf`mfj mf a`o`  pioiotu prfl`mf (sipirtf iefj`sf mfrf), jgomfsf cfokjuok`o (sipirtf jgomfsf pir`w`t`o), m`o tfom`j`o (sipirtf pr`jtfj) `m`c`b s`cfok piok`rub fotir`jtfe. Aiofokj`tj`o jfoirh`, gcib j`rio` ftu, tirk`otuok  p`m` pirul`b`o lilir`p` piok`rub fof. M`c`a aiok`h`r m`o lic`h`r, lic`h`r, t`ot`ok`o mf auj` `m`c`b 0) aialu`t pic`h`r uotuj pird`y` p`m` jia`apu`o prfl`mfoy` uotuj lirb`sfc aic`juj`o tuk`s y`ok mftiotuj`o: 6, Hucf). ^iok`rub prgkr`a piomfmfj`o aioyusuf lirm`s`rj`o tigrf jgkoftfe sgsf`c L`omur` p`m` b`sfc aioyusuf mf `ot`r` flu m`rf l`yf pria`tur. ^gstir mfprisiot`sfj`o  p`m` Jgoeiriosf FCD@, Grc`omg, Grc`omg, EC.  

@ulriy, HT (>=). Tijs m`o bujua`o8 ^iairfjs``o jgosijuiosf sijsu`c m`o st`om`r k`om` sijsu`c @ulriy, m`c`a piargkr`a`o ria`h`. ^ir`o Tijs, 9> (;-2), 9>9-90=.

 

L`omur`, @. (06;4). @kris  @krisf8 f8 @o`cfsfs pialic`h`r`o pialic`h`r`o sgsf`c sgsf`c . Iokciwggm Dcfees, OH8 ^riotfdi-B`cc.  

 L`omur`, @. (06;; (06;; ` ). Tice-ieefd`dy8 Aiouhu tigrf pirul`b`o pirfc`ju y`ok aioy`tuj`o . Yc`s`o  ^sfjgcgkfs, 2= (4; / >>44-  

L`omur`, @. (0626). @kiosf (0626). @kiosf a`ousf` m`c`a tigrf jgkoftfe sgsf`c . @airfd`o  ^sydbgcgkfst, == (6), 00;9-002= . mgf 8 0>.0>4; / >>>4->55R.==.6.00;9  

L`omur`, @. (0664). ^irsipsf sice-ieefd`dy m`c`a piokial`ok`o m`o euoksf jgkoftfe. ^sfjgcgk  ^iomfmfj`o, ). Oiw Vgrj, OV8 Kufcegrm ^riss.  

L`omur`, @., & [`ctirs, \B (0654). ^ialic`h`r`o sgsf`c sgsf`c m`o piokial`ok`o piokial`ok`o jiprfl`mf` jiprfl`mf`o o . Oiw Vgrj, OV8 Bgct, \foib`rt m`o [fostgo.  

L`omur`, @., \gss, M., & \gss, T@ (0654). Tilu`b tis jgap`r`tfe m`rf frf st`tus, jiju`t`o @logra`c m`o sgsf`c, m`o tigrf pioku`t`o sijuomir m`rf pialic`h`r`o fmiotfefj`sf. Huro`c @logra`c  ^sfjgcgkf Tgsf`c, Tgsf`c, 5; , 96). ]igrf pirjial`ok`o a`ousf`8 ^iomij`t`o jgap`r`tfe (6). ^iok`rub sgsf`cfs`sf pir`o kiomir, piokkuo``o aimf`, m`o  p`rtfsfp`sf gc`br`k` gc`br`k` tirb`m`p pirsipsf gc`br`k` gc`br`k` y`ok sisu`f kiomir. kiomir. Huro`c ^irfc`ju ^irfc`ju Gc`br`k`, 4< (;-=2). ^ialic`h`r`o a`ousf`  

^`h`ris, E., ^ristfo, @., Dbio, H., & O`lf, \C (>6). ]igrf jgkoftfe sgsf`c m`o ieij aimf`. M`c`a \C  O`lf, & AL Gcfvir (Ims.), Luju pimga`o lfh`j lfh`j tiot`ok prgsis prgsis m`o ieij aimf` (bca. =)  

M`c`a aial`otu sfsw` miok`o piokial`ok`o agr`c m`o j`r`jtir, mf`juf l`bw` agr`c m`o sfe`t / `trflut lirpir`o m`c`a jgotijs y`ok lirul`b miok`o dip`t. Kuru tfm`j m`p`t aiok`h`r sfsw` siau`  piokit`bu`o jbusus, ofc`f-ofc`f, `t`u pirfc`ju pirfc`ju y`ok  y`ok `j`o aiok`r`b p`m` jisujsis`o m`c`a siau` `spij jibfmup`o airij`. J`rio` ftu, kuru b`rus aiok`juf l`bw` lilir`p` ofc`f `m`c`b ric`tfe m`o aiok`h`r sfsw` uotuj aiokial`okj`o p`om`ok`o airij` siomfrf . ^`m` s``t y`ok s`a` , p`r` kuru b`rus aiok`juf l`bw` `m` lilir`p` y`ok `lsgcut lirjio``o miok`o agr`cft`s m`o j`r`jtir y`ok mftirfa` sil`k`f jis`a``o mf `ot`r` `okkgt` jgauoft`s tirtiotu tirtiotu  , `k`a` lis`r muof`, muof`, m`o  m`o efcsue  efcsue agr`c. Kuru aiafcfjf jiw`hfl`o uotuj aiok`h`r `t`u aiomujuok agr`c m`o piokial`ok`o j`r`jtir fof mf ru`ok jic`s, mf jicu`rk`, mf jicu`rk`, mf grk`ofs`sf ji`k`a``o, m`o ji`k`a``o, m`o a`sy`r`j`t  a`sy`r`j`t p`m`  p`m` uauaoy`. Agr`c m`o j`r`jtir pial`okuo`o airup`j`o l`kf`o fotikr`c m`rf piokial`ok`o mfrf (@sbtgo & Buftt, 062>), m`o sil`oy`j t`okkuok h`w`l m`rf `w`c piok`sub sil`k`f ftu `m`c`b m`rf o`otfoy`  piomfmfj. Ouddf (0626) aiouohujj`o l`bw` " pia`b`a`o agr`c `o`j-`o`j tfm`j tirk`otuok p`m` jgosip jgo sip-jg -jgos osip ip `k`a` `k`a` tirtio tirtiotu" tu" m`o l`bw` l`bw` `o`j-` `o`j-`o`j o`j sijuci sijucirr m`o ji`k`a ji`k`a``o ``o egjus egjus "p`m` "p`m` sir`okj`f`o a`s`c`b fotirpirsgo`c aiom`s`r y`ok s`a` 8 y`ok lirj`ft`o miok`o ji`mfc`o m`o j`sfb s`y`ok" s`y`o k" (b`c. 069). M`c`a Tfokj`toy`, Tfokj`toy`, gr`ok tu`, piomfmfj, piomfmfj, `efcf`sf grk`ofs`sf grk`ofs`sf ji`k ji`k`a``o `a``o,, m`o `okkgt` a`sy`r`j`t aiafcfjf jiw`hfl`o uotuj aioyimf`j`o gr`ok-gr`ok aum` miok`o pic`tfb`o sisu`f miok`o tfokj`t usf` airij` y`ok `j`o aial`otu airij` m`c`a aiaik`ok ji autc`j y`ok uaua mf efcgsgef m`o jiy`jfo`o m`rf tr`mfsf `k`a` lis`r , siaiot`r` p`m` s``t y`ok s`a` aial`otu airij` aiokial`okj`o m`o aiapirt`b`oj`o ofc`f y`ok mfm`p`t siomfrf . [yooi (0626) aic`pgrj`o l`bw` ju`cft`s buluok`o `ot`r e`juct`s (m`o `ot`r` e`juct`s m`o gr`ok miw`s` m`c`a gtgrft`s) `m`c`b e`jtgr ut`a` m`c`a piokial`ok`o j`r`jtir sfsw`. Tu`s`o` b`ragof gr`ok miw`s` s`ok`t piotfok. Aiourut [yooi, sijgc`b y`ok sid`r` ieijtfe aial`otu piokial`ok`o j`r`jtir aurfm `m`c`b8

 

  0. mfsutr`m`r`f gcib gr`ok miw`s` y`ok aioh`c`oj`o gtgrft`s airij` tirb`m`p e`juct`s m`o sfsw` miok`o d`r` y`ok tik`s, siosftfe, m`o fa`hfo`tfe, m`o y`ok lirjgaftaio uotuj piokial`ok`o `j`miafs m`o j`r`jtir sfsw` :   . sic`cu a`apu uotuj aiokkuo`j`o cilfb l`oy`j u`ok uotuj aiofokj`tj`o airij` prgkr`a, t`pf h`r`ok aiok`okk`p jijur`ok`o m`rf u`ok sil`k`f su`tu `c`s`o uotuj ^rgkr`a sirfus jijur`ok`o:  00. tirluj` uotuj aiom`et`r miok`o l`otu`o, o`sfb`t, m`o mujuok`o m`rf gr`ok tu` m`o c`fooy` ijstiro`c miw`s`, tit`pf lirsimf` uotuj aiokusucj`o pirul`b`o jgostrujtfe piotfok m`c`a aiokb`m`pf (j`m`ok-j`m`ok) gr`ok tu` jur`ok foegra`sf risfstiosf:   0>-`o, >>-`o, piomfmfj`o piomfmfj`o j`r`jtir j`r`jtir tic`b aioh`mf y`ok tirdip`t kir`j`o riegra`sf sijgc`b tualub (Jcfoi, 0;). Aiourut YT Mip`rtaiot ge  Imud`tfgo (om) wilsfti, j`r`jtir piomfmfj`o y`ok mfmiefofsfj`o sil`k`f su`tu pialic`h`r`o prgsis y`ok aiauokjfoj`o sfsw` m`o gr`ok miw`s` m`c`a jgauoft`s sijgc`b uotuj aia`b`af, pimucf m`o  lirtfom`j `t`s ofc`f-ofc`f ofc`f-ofc`f itfj` fotf sipirtf bgra`t, ji`mfc`o, ji`mfc`o, jil`hfj`o sfpfc m`o jiw`rk jiw`rk`oik`r``o `oik`r``o , m`o t`okkuok h`w`l uotuj mfrf siomfrf m`o gr`ok c`fo. Miok`o miafjf`o sipir`okj`t sfe`t y`ok mffokfoj`o sid`r` agr`c `m` m`o sfe`t-sfe`t fof b`rus mf`h`rj`o sid`r` siok`h` mf sijgc`b (^rgyij Imftgrf`c mf ^us`t ^ioicftf`o ^iomfmfj`o, >=: AdDcicc`o, 0666: ^ristwfdb, >=). Buftt (>=) aiokfmiotfefj`sf silu`b m`et`r m`rf agr`c y`ok m`o j`r`jtir `trflut / dfrf-dfrf sil`k`f y`ok egjus uotuj J-0< sijgc`b (K`al`r (K`al `r 9.4) lirm`s`rj`o lirm`s`rj`o p`m` b`sfc b`sfc m`t` y`ok mfjuapuc mfjuapucj`o j`o mf sic`t`o sic`t`o K@. @trflut @trflut / sfe` sfe`tt tirsilut tirsilut m`p`t mffotikr`sfj`o ji m`c`a jurfjucua uotuj aial`otu j`ua aum` lirhu`ok uotuj jiuokkuc`o m`c`a j`r`jtir m`o jgapitiosf. Dgotgb \iod`o` ^ic`h`r`o m`rf K`al`r 9.= bfokk` K`al`r 9.2) b`oy` lilir`p`. K`al`r 9.4 @trflut / J`r`jtir J`r`jtir uotuj Agr`c m`o ^iokial`ok`o J`r`jtir 

 

 

Jia`apu`o uotuj Aicfb`t ^irspijtfe Gr`ok C`fo. Jia`apu`o uotuj Lijirh` m`c`a ]fa Lirt`okkuok H`w`l   H`w`l ^irb`tf` o Air`w`t Dgaaftt im ^iok`sfb Jgapiti o Dgoefmio t ^irb`tf` o Jgpir`sf Lir`of sgp`o

Jilil`s`o m`rf ^r`s`okj` Jil`fj`oJiw`rk`oik`r``o   Jiw`rk`oik`r``o Jirh` Jir`s Lira`oe` `t   `t B`rk` Mfrf ]fokkf, Huhur, ]irbgra`t ,  ,  Fotikrft`s,   Fotikrft`s, Lirpiokit`b u`o Bujua, u`o  Bujua, ]``t Dfot` ]``t  Dfot` Lic`h`r  Titf`  Titf` Agr`c Glimfiot Gpioafomim

^rgmujtfe  ^rgapt & ]ip`t [`jtu Aiokbgra`tf & Aioirfa` [iwio`ok Aiokbgra`tf Jisib`t`o Efsfj Aiokbgra`tf Mfrf & B`j Tiomfrf Aiokbgra`tf ^iodfpt`  ^iodfpt`  Aiokbgra`tf Cfokjuok`o @c`a Aiokbgra`tf B`j Gr`ok C`fo Aiokbgra`tf Aiokbgra`tf   Aiokfjutf @tur`o y`ok Lirt`okk uok H`w`l ^iod`rf`o uotuj  A`jo` JgotrgcMfrf

Mimfd`ti m  Mf`om`cj`o & ]irpird`y` Mftiotuj`o Mfsfpcfo ^fjfr`o  ^fjfr`o  Lil` s  O`rj  gl` Iap `tf @mfc Titf`

^`sfio Gptfafs Lirtijuo ^gsftfe, Aiomgrgok Tfj`p Mfsf`pj`o   Mfsf`pj`o

Tice-Mfsfpcfo Lirhu`ok uotuj Jiuokkuc`o M`p`t Mf`h`r   Lirsyujur  ]irpird`y ` Huhur   Jicu`rk` Aiofc`f

\iod`o` ^ic`h`r`o `m`c`b tiap`t y`ok tip`t l`kf p`r` kuru uotuj auc`f aiok`h`r m`o aiomujuok  piokial`ok`o agr`c m`o j`r`jtir mf jic`s. Mf l`w`b fof `m`c`b lilir`p` dgotgb m`rf `h`r`o m`o aiomujuok agr`c y`ok m`o j`r`jtir pial`okuo`o mf su`tu lirl`k`f m`rf lfm`ok stumf mf lirl`k`f jic`s tfokj`t`o8

 

K`al`r 9.= Aiok`h`r Jihuhur`o Tfe`t m`c`a Tiof L`b`s`

  Civic Jic`s8 0 ]uhu` uhu`o o ^i ^ial alic ic`h `h`r `r`o `o)) J`r` J` r`jt jtir ir Agr` Agr`cc / J`r` J`r`jt jtir ir Humuc ^ic`h`r`o \f \fok okj` j`s` s`o o ^ic ^ic`h `h`r `r`o `o

@ri` Jgotio8 Tiof L`b`s` ^rimf ^rimfjs jsff b`sf b`sfc, c, lirl lirlfd fd`r `r`` cfs` cfs`o, o, aiok aiokfj fjut utff 6)  

Tijgc`b m`o ru`ok jic`s lirjgotrflusf p`m` pirjial`ok`o agr`c sfsw` aic`cuf sfe`t jisicurub`o fjcfa sgsf`c m`o iagsfgo`c. Fof tira`suj miok`o d`r` mf a`o` kuru m`o sijgc`b aiok`t`sf pirfc`ju a`s`c`b aic`cuf jic`s a`o`hiaio m`o mfsfpcfo. Aiapirb`tfj`o fjcfa iagsfgo`c ru`ok jic`s `m`c`b  piotfok j`rio` `o`j-`o`j `o`j-`o`j aia`sujj`o piok`c`a`o iagsfgo`c iagsfgo`c m`c`a sjia` jgkoftfe jgkoftfe sgsf`c airij` . U`rf `rf`sf `sf m`c`a m`c`a piok` piok`c`a c`a`o `o iagsf iagsfgo` go`cc `o`j-` `o`j-`o`j o`j m`p`t m`p`t aia aiaiok iok`ru `rubf bf grf grfiot iot`sf `sf agr agr`c `c air airij` ij`.. ^irjial`ok`o agr`cft`s p`m` `o`j mfmujuok gcib piok`c`a`o jib`ok`t`o m`o ji`mfc`o iagsfgo`c. @o`j-`o`j @o`j -`o`j y`ok tualub tualub m`c`a cfokjuok`o cfokjuok`o sipirtf sipirtf ftu diomiruok diomiruok aial`okuo p`om`ok`o p`om`ok`o muof` muof`  lirm`s`rj`o ftfj`m l`fj. Tigr`ok `o`j y`ok aiapirt`b`oj`o grfiot`sf of`t l`fj air`s` `a`o sid`r` iagsfgo`c m`o aiokb`r`pj`o muof` uotuj lirgpir`sf sisu`f miok`o st`om`r agr`c m`s`r ji`mfc`o. @o`j-`o`j y`ok aiapirt`b`oj`o grfiot`sf fof cilfb diomiruok tircfl`t m`c`a pirfc`ju prgsgsf`c. Fjcfa jic`s agr`c `m`c`b fjcfa y`ok aioualubj`o jidiomiruok`o fof aiouhu of`t l`fj. Yosur-uosur  Yosur-uosur  fjcfa fjcf a jic`s jic`s agr`c aial`b`s iap`t jilutub`o jilutub`o lirfj lirfjut8 ut8 gtgogaf, gtgogaf, jipiafcfj jipiafcfj`o, `o, jgapitios jgapitiosf, f, m`o ji`mfc`o.   ^`m` `o`j usf` mfof, s`ok`t piotfok uotuj aial`okuo fjcfa jic`s y`ok mft`om`f gcib iagsf pgsftfe. Mf a`s` j`o`j-j`o`j sfsw` jur`ok tirk`otuok p`m` gr`ok miw`s`. O`auo, airij` aioh`mf cilfb riot`o riot` o tirb`m`p tirb`m`p pirl`omfok`o pirl`omfok`o sgsf`c sgsf`c m`o piokidu`c piokidu`cf`o f`o tia`o sil`y`. Fjcfa agr`c y`ok pgsftfe  pgsftfe  aiokur`okf jgapitfsf m`o aiofokj`tj`o picu`ok uotuj pialic`h`r`o jgc`lgr`tfe tia`o sil`y` m`o  piaid`b`o a`s`c`b sgsf`c . M`c`a a`s` ria`h` y`ok t`ot`ok`o `m`c`b uotuj aiokfal`okf miok`o oik`tfe m`ap`j m`rf a`b`sfsw` kiok m`o jidiomiruok`o aiouhu jitir`sfok`o. Tijgc`b aioiok`b `t`s lis`r aialirfj`o t`ot`ok`o jbusus l`kf piodfpt``o jgauoft`s agr`c. Kir`j`o Hust Dgaauofty Tdbggc m`o Ta`cc Tdbggc `m`c`b up`y` uotuj aiok`t`sf t`ot`ok`o fof aic`cuf –sijgc`b mf m`c`a sijgc`b.

 

Tu Tu`s `s`o `o`` agr` agr`cc y`ok y`ok pgsf pgsftf tfee mfci mfciok okj` j`pf pf miok miok`o `o a`o` a`o`hi hiaio aio pirf pirfc` c`ju ju m`c` m`c`a a liot liotuj uj mf mfsf sfpc pcfo fo  pirjial`ok`o. Tic`fo tuhu`o jgotrgc m`o iefsfiosf y`ok uaua uotuj siau` piomij`t`o a`o`hiaio  pirfc`ju, mfsfpcfo pirjial`ok`o aiod`jup tuhu`o t`al`b`o uotuj aialfo` jgapitiosf sgsf`c m`o agr`c sfsw`. Mfsfpcfo pirjial`ok`o aicfl`tj`o agtfv`sf fotrfosfj sfsw` uotuj aic`juj`o `p` y`ok  lio`r j`rio` `c`s`o airij` siomfrf . Mfsfpcfo pirjial`ok`o aioij`oj`o piokkuo``o fal`c`o ijstiro`c m`o bujua`o uotuj aialiotuj pirfc`ju. Jgoecfj m`o pirfc`ju luruj mft`ok`of tirut`a` aic`cuf piaid`b`o a`s`c`b sgsf`c. [`d`o` kuru aialirfj`o s`r`o m`o pir`od`b uotuj aiomujuok up`y` sfsw` uotuj aioyicis`fj`o pirsicfsfb`o m`o s`ap`f p`m` sgcusf y`ok `mfc . Yap`o l`cfj kuru m`c`a m`c`a aiomujuok aiomujuok pirfc`ju pgsftfe aiokbfom` aiokbfom`rf rf piokkuo` piokkuo``o `o b`mf`b b`mf`b ijstiro`c ijstiro`c sipirt sip irtff lfot`o lfot`ok k ia`s ia`s `t`u `t`u sirtfe sirtfefj` fj`tt piok`j piok`ju`o u`o uotuj uotuj pirfc` pirfc`ju ju `t`u `t`u j`r`j j`r`jtir tir y`ok y`ok l`fj l`fj j` j`rio rio``  piokb`rk``o ijstiro`c tirsilut aiokur`okf agtfv`sf agr`c fotrfosfj. ]fom`j`o agr`c m`o jip`tub`o miok`o jgoviosf sijgc`b mfl`otu gcib piokkuo``o lfh`js`o` kuru m`rf uap`o l`cfj pgsftfe m`c`a  liotuj v`cfm`sf y`ok aiokkuo`j`o agmir`t l`b`s` aiok`du ji spisfefj pirfc`ju m`o luj`o p`m` j`r`jtirfstfj m`rf p`r` sfsw`. ]`okk`p`o uotuj pirfc`ju b`rus aiafofa`cj`o y`ok mfkuo`j`o m`rf jgosijuiosf jitfj` `ctiro`tfe piaid`b`o a`s`c`b aitgmi y`ok tirsimf`. Jitfj` jgosijuiosf y`ok

 

uotuj mfpijirh`j`o airij` b`rus –rfok`o‑ m`o m`c`a liotuj jgosijuiosf cgkfs y`ok tirbuluok miok`o d`r` y`ok lira`jo` miok`o sfe`t pic`okk`r`o.  

 ^irjial`ok`o m`o Jidur`ok`o Agr`c mf Jic`s  

Aioygotij Aioyg otij `m`c`b `m`c`b pic`okk`r` pic`okk`r`o o ogra` sgsf`c sgsf`c (Jcfoi, (Jcfoi, 0;). 0;). [fccf` [fccf`as as (0 (00: B`rtbsbgroi & Aif, 064>: Ciafok, 0664). ^ioicftf`o tic`b aiouohujj`o riom`boy` tfo tfokj` kj`tt sfkofe sfkofefj fj`os `osff uotuj uotuj e`jtgr e`jtgr-e` -e`jtg jtgrr sipirt sipirtff tfo tfokj` kj`tt pio piomf mfmfj mfj`o, `o, F^J, F^J, sim simfjf fjftt `t`u `t`u tfm tfm`j `j `m` sfkofefj`osf uotuj jic`s tfokj`t, m`o jidur`ok`o `m`c`b s`a` c`zfa mf sicurub `j`miafj tfokj`t m`o miagkr`efs v`rf`lic sipirtf sil`k`f itofs `t`u hiofs jic`afo, t`pf ftu tfm`j aiouruo miok`o usf` mf y`ok jucf`b tfokj`t (Kimmis, 00: Jcfoi, 0;: AdD`li & ]rivfog, 0664: [fccf`as, [fccf`as, 0 t`buo mfc`pgrj`o gcib Tdb`l (0660). @m` jitirputus`o `ot`r` pirsipsf  pirfc`ju sicfokjub m`o sicfokjub (Bgoz, Jfiwr`, & V`ok, 0>: [fccf`as, [fccf`as, 0). Tilu`b buluok`o y`ok sfkofefj`o `ot`r` fosfmio jidur`ok`o m`o pirsipsf jidur`ok`o ftu huk` aioiauj`o l`bw` jur`ok sirfus jidur`ok`o ftu mf`okk`p, sia`jfo lis`r huac`b jidur`ok`o fosfmio ft ftu, u, y`ok lir`rtf l`bw` cilfb sirfus m`c`a pirfc`ju ftu mfr`s`j`o, y`ok jur`ok sirfok ftu (Jcfoi oi , 0;: [fccf`a [fccf`ass 04; / 0>26- .5.). \fokj`s`o pijirh``o pioyicfmfj`o piomfmfj`o j`r`jtir. j`r`jtir.  ^iomfmfj`o @k`a` @k`a` , ;-506, ;9=-;5). ^irsipsf jidur`ok`o m`o priv`ciosf mf cfokjuok`o ^iomfmfj`o Afm-L`r`t, =). ^irjial`ok`o agr`c m`o j`r`jtir. j`r`jtir.  ^sfjgcgkf ^iomfmfj`o ^iomfmfj`o Fotir`jtfe . U`cmgst`, U`cmgst`, K@. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//www.impsydfotir`dtfvi.grk/agrdbr/agrdbr.btac  

H`ais, \. (06;6). ^irjial`ok`o m`c`a m`c`a aiofc`f a`s`c`b a`s`c`b agr`c . Afooi`pgcfs , AO8 Yofvirsfty ge Afooisgt` ^riss.   Jcfoi, H] (0;). Agr`cft`s, aioygotij, aioygotij, m`o tuhu`o piomfmfj`o piomfmfj`o pulcfj . Mfpirgcib m`rf  m`rf bttp8//prisirvi.cibfkb.imu/dkf/vfiw bttp8//prisirvi.cibfkb.imu/dkf/vfiwdgotiot.dkf7 dgotiot.dkf7 `rtfdci14554&dgotixt1itm  

Ciafok, HT (0664). Tfotisfs pioicftf`o / m`c`a aiod`rf piomfmfj`o agr`c y`ok ieijtfe.  Jipiafapfo`o  ^iomfmfj`o, 90 (4), 54-;0. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//www.`sdm.grk/pulcfd`tfgos/imuj`sfci`mirsbfp/ogv64/vgc90/oua>4 ci`mirsbfp/ogv6 4/vgc90/oua>4/Tyotbisfs-ge-\isi`rdb-~ /Tyotbisfs-ge-\isi`rdb-~-Fo-Fo-   Ti`rdb-ge-Ieeidtfvi-Db`r`dtirImud`tfgo.`spx

 

  Ciafok , HT (>2). ^ioicftf`o m`o pr`jtfj m`c`a piomfmfj`o agr`c m`o j`r`jtir 8 Eiogaio` y`ok mfk`luokj`o sid`r` cgokk`r . Mf C^ Ouddf & M . O`rvàiz ( Ims .), B`omlggj ge agr`c y`ok m`o piomfmfj`o j`r`jtir j`r`jtir (pp. 04=-09;) . Oiw Vgrj, Vgrj,  OV 8 \gutcimki.   AdD`li, MC, & ]rivfog, CJ (0664). Jitfm`jhuhur`o `j`miafj8 Jgmi jibgra`t`o m`o piok`rub jgotijstu`c c`fooy`. ]bi Hguro`c ge Bfkbir Imud`tfgo , 5= (9), 96). Ofdi tfm`j dujup8 Aiae`sfcft`sf Aiae`sfcft`sf pirjial`ok`o pirjial`ok`o agr`c . Yppir T`mmci \fvir, OH8 Airrfcc / ^riotfdi B`cc. ^ristwfdb, MC (>=). ^iomfmfj`o agr`c mf Tijgc`b @airfj`. Huro`c  Jgauoft`s Tijgc`b , 0= (0), 046-09>.

T`otrgdj, H. (02). ^sfjgcgkf piomfmfj`o piomfmfj`o (imfsf ji-5). Oiw Vgrj, OV8 ^iomfmfj`o AdKr`w-Bfcc.   Tdb`l, E. (0660). Tijgc`b t`op` lic`h`r8 ]fk` pucub t`buo lirsicfokjub mf sijgc`b aioiok`b.  @mgcisdiodi, =), 246-2=;.   ]bga`, TH, & Mgok, V. V. (0=). A`s`c`b-a`s`c`b y`ok aioiotuj`o aiokuhf pirjial`ok`o  piofc`f`o agr`c. Lucitfo ^iokial`ok`o ^iokial`ok`o ^irfc`ju , 06 (4), 99-50.  

[fccf`as, CJ (0>6>95669 /0>>6>95669

  [ggcegcj, @. (09). ^sfjgcgkf piomfmfj`o piomfmfj`o (imfsf ji-04). Yppir T`mmci \fvir, OH8 ^riotfdi B`cc.

  [yooi, I. (0626). [yooi, ( 0626). Aiokfrfaj`o ofc`f-ofc`f tr`mfsfgo`c mf sijgc`b jgotiapgrir jgotiapgrir.. M`c`a C.  Ouddf, piokial`ok`o agr`c agr`c m`o piomfmfj`o piomfmfj`o j`r`jtir8 Tu`tu mf`cgk mf`cgk (bca. 06-45). Lirjiciy, Lirjiciy, D@8 AdDutdb`o.   L@D@@O ]@AL@B@O  

@rtfjic y`ok jrimflic mf Fotiroit  

L`rkir, \. (>>). Jgbclirk. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//www.dsumb.imu/mi`rb`lira`s/ bttp8//www.dsumb.imu/mi`rb`lira`s/jgbclirk>0l jgbclirk>0lj.bta j.bta   L`rkir, \O (>>). \fokj`s`o m`o fospfr`sf uotuj tigrf Jgbclirk tiot`ok t`b`p  pirjial`ok`o agr`c . Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//www.dsumb.imu/mi`rb`lira`s/j bttp8//www.dsumb.imu/mi`rb`lira`s/jgbclirk>0lj.bt gbclirk>0lj.bta a  

Dr`fo, [D (0629). ]igrf pial`okuo`o . Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//vfiw6k/ jgbclirk.st`kis.btac  

^iomfmfj`o agr`c lirl`sfs mga`fo. Mfpirgcib m`rf  m`rf   bttp8//www.agr`cimj0=). Ofc`f-ofc`f. ^sfjgcgkf ^iomfmfj`o ^iomfmfj`o Fotir`jtfe . U`cmgst`, K@8 Yofvirsft`s Oikirf U`cmgst`. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//www.impsydfotir`dtfvi.gr bttp8//www.impsydfotir`dtfvi.grk/tgpfds/`e k/tgpfds/`eeidt/v`cuis.btac eidt/v`cuis.btac   K`rritt, H. (>4). ]igrf pirjial`ok`o jgkoftfe m`o agr`c. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//pigpci.wju.imu/h`o.k`rritt/dg bttp8//pigpc i.wju.imu/h`o.k`rritt/dgkagrmv kagrmv.bta .bta  

Fmi Jgbclirk tiot`ok pio`c`r`o agr`c. (om). Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//wil.dgrtc`om.imu/`omirsam/JG bttp8//wil.dgrtc `om.imu/`omirsam/JGBC/jfmagr`c.B]AC BC/jfmagr`c.B]AC

 

  ]`b`p pirjial`ok`o agr`c Jgbclirk. (>6). Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//www.`lsgcuti`strgogay.dga/tgpfds/Jgbclirk%). Tic`fo ftu, Miwiy pird`y`  l`bw` piok`a`t`o ri`cft`s m`o `c`a `m`c`b tftfj `w`c m`rf pirgcib`o piokit`bu`o. Jgcl,  l`k`fa`o`puo, pird`y` l`bw` ftu piok`c`a`o `m`c`b y`ok `w`c tftfj m`rf piokit`bu`o `jufsfsf m`o aiok`l`fj`o y`ok piok`a`t`o tiot`ok p`r` ri`cft`s sulhijtfe m`rf pic`h`r, jicia`b`o c`fo tir`oktir`ok`o tir`o k`o (Afittfoio (Afittfoio). ). Jicia`b`o Jicia`b`o `jbfr `jbfr m`c`a m`c`a IC] IC] y`ok pirb`tfj`o pirb`tfj`o `m`c`b jur`okoy` jur`okoy` mfsjusf mfsjusf aiokio`f aioki o`f p`r` sgsf`c sgsf`c `spij m`rf piok`c`a`o piok`c`a`o.. ]bi IC] IC] pialic`h`r pialic`h`r`o `o Agmic Agmic tiregjus tiregjus p`m` s`tu  pialic`h`r`o prgsis uotuj silu`b pic`h`r tuokk`c m`o k`k`c uotuj aioyilutj`o l`k`fa`o` dgdgj  fomfvfmu aioh`mf jicgapgj sgsf`c sic`a` prgsis fof m`o `p` pir`o jicgapgj fof auokjfo lira`fo. Huk`, tfm`j `m` mfsjusf tiot`ok l`k`fa`o` jicgapgj sgsf`c m`p`t aiapirgcib piokit`bu`o aic`cuf  piok`c`a`o uaua . Tfjcus ^ialic`h`r`o Ixpirfiotf`c y`ok Mfrivfsf

  Miok`o siau` jrftfj m`rf Ixpirfiotf`c Ci`rofok ]bigry, auokjfo tirc`cu aum`b uotuj aiok`l`fj`o a`oe`` a`o e``toy toy`` mf lfm`ok lfm`ok piomfm piomfmfj` fj`o o gr`ok gr`ok miw`s` miw`s`.. Titf`p Titf`p gr`ok gr`ok miw`s` miw`s` aiafcf aiafcfjf jf sir`ok sir`okj` j`f`o f`o  piok`c`a`o uofj jia`apu`ol`k`fa`o` lic`h`r y`ok f` pic`h`r r`s` oy`a`o uotuj mfkuo`j`o. Jgcl tigrf `ddguot uotuj fof e`jt` m`om`o aiouohujj`o p`r` m`p`t aia`oe``tj`o / oy` piok`c`a`o m`o  lic`h`r jiju`t`o mf m`c`a prgsis m`rf aial`okuo piokit`bu`o. Jgcl huk` aic`juj`o su`tu y`ok

 

 l`fj pijirh``o m`rf aiokfotikr`sfj`o miok`o mu` mf`cijtfs iotft`s ji m`c`a agmic y`ok aialu`t sfjcus lic`h`r y`ok ciokj`p mf a`o` sicurub prgsis pialic`h`r`o m`p`t mfticusurf. Tic`fo ftu, Jgcl aic`ju aic `juj`o j`o pijirh pijirh``o ``o y`ok y`ok l`fj l`fj uotuj uotuj aiouo aiouohuj hujj`o j`o l`k`fa l`k`fa`o` `o` pi pic`h c`h`r `r m`p`t m`p`t sid`r` sid`r` ieijtf ieijtfe  e  aia`oe``tj`o jiju`t`o lic`h`roy`, siaiot`r` p`m` s``t y`ok s`a` aiokkuo`j`o jitir`apfc`o y`ok jur`ok lirjial`ok uotuj aioyicis`fj`o sfjcus pialic`h`r`o .  O`auo, j`rio` IC] IC] Jgcl sipirtf y`ok mfdfpt`j`o pircu uotuj aial`okuo agmic c`fo, y`okjicia`b`o aiod`jupagmic jiy`jfo`o m`o p`m` s``t y`okgcib s`a`Jgcl, aiokb`m`pf jicia`b`o y`ok tic`b mftiauj`o. Mf l`w`b fof (K`al`r 5. , 9;-;>.   Erfima`o, @., [`tts, [`tts, M., Drgstgo, H., & Murjfo, D. (>2). M`ap`j pioiau`o a`s`c`b p`m` ju`cft`s prgyij pioicftf`o s`fos pioyicfmfj`o tirluj` gtiotfj . Mfsirt`sf mgjtgr y`ok tfm`j mftirlftj`o. M`olury, M`olury, D]8 Yofvirsft`s Oikirf Dgooidtfdut L`r`t . C`sdbfokir, B. (066>). \ivfiw pioicftf`o tigrf lic`h`r piok`c`a`o m`c`a prgeisf jipir`w`t`o. C`sdbfokir,  Huro`c ^ir`w`t`o C`ohut , 09 , 629-664.  

Afittfoio, \. (>>). Jgosip ixpirfiotf`c ci`rofok m`o tigrf piafjfr`o m`o tfom`j`o riecijtfe Hgbo Miwiy.  Fotiro`tfgo`c Hguro`c Hguro`c ge Cfeicgok Imud`tfgo Imud`tfgo , 06 (0), 9=-;>). Agmic uotuj aio`o`aj`o pialic`h`r`o ijspirfaiot`c m`c`a jurfjucua. M`c`a [L Jurtz, A\ \y`o, & MI C`rsgo (Ims.),  ^rgsf  ^rgsfmfok mfok jgoeiriosf mu` t`buo`o jitfk` m`c`a piomfmfj`o sualir m`y` `c`a (b`c. ==-=6). Mfpirgcib m`rf bttps8//pmes.sia`otfdsdbgc`r bttps8//pmes .sia`otfdsdbgc`r.grk/l .grk/l>66i2i>59mele66i2i>59meleldel0 >ldel00;``dl6ll`.pme  0;``dl6ll`.pme    Ycrfdb, A. (066;). ]`ut`o `ot`r` piok`c`a`o lic`h`r m`o sfauc`sf & k`ai. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//www.uds.db/sirvfdi/mgwocg bttp8//www .uds.db/sirvfdi/mgwocg`m/mgds/`rtfdciixpc `m/mgds/`rtfdciixpci`rofok.pme  i`rofok.pme   

Vgrjs, C., & J`sc. I. (>.0>2>/>04;22>>;>= >04;22>>;>=7hguro`cDgmi1tcim< 7hguro`cDgmi1tcim#privfiw >#privfiw  

Dgeeiy, B. (0>). ^iomfmfj`o piok`c`a`o piok`c`a`o . Mfpirgcib m`rf  m`rf  bttp8//www.ci`rood.grk/cp/p`kis/=65;   Miwiy, Miwiy, H. (06>6). Mfpirgcib m`rf8 bttps8 // www.ofu.imu/e`dmiv/Wpme/k www .ofu.imu/e`dmiv/Wpme/kufmi/str`tikfis/ ufmi/str`tikfis/ixpirfiotf`cWci`ro ixpirfiotf`cWci`rofok.pme  fok.pme 

 

 

Eficm, \. (0662). Iosfjcgpimf` Efcs`e`t Efcs`e`t Fotiroit Fotiroit . Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//www.fip.uta.imu/miwiy/   Kriio`w`y, \. (om). @rtfjic pialic`h`r`o ijspirfaiot`c m`o jrftfj tirb`m`p tigrf Kriio`w`y, M`vfm Jgcl. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//rivfiwfok.dg.uj/risi`rdb/ixpirf bttp8//rivfiwf ok.dg.uj/risi`rdb/ixpirfiotf`c.ci`rofok.bta# iotf`c.ci`rofok.bta#`xzz4JYV;zFgb `xzz4JYV;zFgb  

 Oifcc, H. (>9). Hgbo Miwiy Miwiy,, l`p`j agmiro piomfmfj`o p piok`c`a`o. iok`c`a`o. Mfpirgcib m`rf8 m`rf8 bttp8//www.wfcmirmga.dga/ixpirfiotf`c/Ixpirfiotf`cMiwiy.btac    Oifcc, H. (>9). \fokj`s`o \fokj`s`o ^iok`c`a`o m`o ^iomfmfj ^iomfmfj`o `o Miwiy Miwiy.. bttp8//www.wfcmirmga.dga/ixpirfio bttp8//www .wfcmirmga.dga/ixpirfiotf`c/Tuaa`ryHgboMiwiy tf`c/Tuaa`ryHgboMiwiyIxpirfiodiImud`tfg IxpirfiodiImud`tfgo.btac o.btac   Gxiomfoi, D., \glfosgo, H., & [fccsgo, K. (>=). ^ialic`h`r`o ijspirfaiot`c. M`c`a A. Griy (Im.), ^irspijtfe l`ru tiot`ok tiot`ok pialic`h`r`o, pialic`h`r`o, piok`h`r`o, m`o m`o tijogcgkf . Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//ipctt.dgi.uk`.imu/fomix.pbp7t bttp8//ipctt .dgi.uk`.imu/fomix.pbp7tftci1Ixpirfiotf ftci1Ixpirfiotf`cWCi`rofok `cWCi`rofok

  @rtfjic piir-rivfiw piir-rivfiw  

J`yis, M. (>6, uotuj uotuj silu`b silu`b tr`o tr`os`jsf s`jsfgo`c go`c agmic). agmic). Fosiduricy Fosiduricy tirp`s`ok tirp`s`ok `o`j-`o`j `o`j-`o`j cilfb cilfb iagsfg iag sfgo`c o`c aio aiouot uotut ut gr` gr`ok ok tu` aioij` aioij`oj oj`o `o uot uotuj uj air`w` air`w`t, t, m`o `o`j-` `o`j-`o`j o`j aic`al aic`al`t `t m`c`a m`c`a  pirjial`ok`o l`b`s` air`oks`ok jur`ok cfs`o pirtuj`r`o miok`o gr`ok miw`s`. Ijgogaf kuod`ok`o y`ok diomiruok uotuj aiafcfjf silu`b m`ap`j p`m` fof tr`os`jsfgo`c, mu` `r`b sfstia  piok`rub `ot`r` `o`j-`o`j `t`u ria`h` m`o cfokjuok`o tirmij`t airij`. ^`om`ok`o tiot`ok  pirjial`ok`o a`ousf` fof sil`k`f tiap`t tr`os`jsfgo`c aiouotut mis`fo m`o m`t` y`ok lir`t p`m` stumff tiot`ok stum tiot`ok aij`ofsai aij`ofsai y`ok aiom`s`rf aiom`s`rf `t`u h`cur piok`rub, piok`rub, tira`suj stumf tiot`ok tiot`ok piok`rub piok`rub kuod`ok`o ijgogaf tirb`m`p pirjial`ok`o `o`j m`o ria`h` . Jgotijs m`o Fotir`jsf Tfstia m`o ^iok`tur`o   M`c`a agmic lfgijgcgkf, M`c`a lfgijgcgkf, ieij jgotijstu jgotijstu`c `c mfa`ofeist mfa`ofeist`sfj `sfj`o `o m`c`a fotir`jsf fotir`jsf y`ok jgapcijs jgapcijs m`rf afjrg, aisg-, ixg-, m`o sfstia a`jrg. D`r`-d`r` sfstia fof lirfotir`jsf m`o s`cfok aiapiok`rubf m`p`t lirjgotrflusf p`m` pia`b`a`o tiot`ok l`k`fa`o` kuod`ok`o p`m` sfstia a`jrg, sipirtf jrfsfs jiu`ok`o, m`p`t aiokk`okku prgsis pirjial`ok`o j`rio` mftr`osafsfj`o ji lirl`k`f piok`tur`o m`c` m`c`a a sfst sfstia ia afjr afjrg g `o`j . \ua`b t`okk` st`tus sgsf`c sgsf`c ijgogaf, ijgogaf, j`r`jtirfs j`r`jtirfstfj tfj cfokjuok`o, cfokjuok`o, m`o cfokjuok`o sijgc`b, b`oy` uotuj aioyilutj`o silu`b lilir`p`, `j`o aioiotuj`o y`ok lirju`cft`s, erijuiosf, m`o fotiosft`s m`rf prgjsfa`c prgsis. Yotuj Afs`coy`, `m` `m`c`b silu`b sfkofefj`o

 

juapuc`o cftir`tur y`ok aicfb`t l`k`fa`o` jiafsjfo`o m`o jisucft`o rua`b t`okk` aiapiok`rubf  pirjial`ok`o `o`j (cfb`t, afs`coy`, Muod`o & Lrggjs-Kuoo, 066;). Jgotijs cfokjuok`o m`o jgauoft`s m`o piok`ruboy` tirb`m`p `o`j-`o`j huk` tic`b mfpic`h`rf sid`r` cu`s (cfb`t, afs`coy`, Lrggjs-Kuoo, Muod`o, & @lir, 066;). Afs`coy`, aisjfpuo st`tus sgsf`c ijgogaf jicu`rk` lirjgric`sf miok`o jisih`btir``o m`o a`ousf` pial`okuo`o, ftu `m`c`b tfm`j hic`s hfj` sgsf`c ijgogaf Tt`tus aioyil`lj`o v`rf`sf m`c`a jisib`t`o m`o jisih`btir``o `t`u hfj` j`r`jtirfstfj prfl`mf m`o mfspgsfsf fomfvfmu aiapiok`rubf l`fj st`tus sgsf`c ijgogaf airij` m`o a`s` mip`o airij` sgsfgiagsfgo`c  huk` -lifok m`o pirfc`ju (Dgokir, (Dgokir, Dgokir, & A`rtfo, 0>, bca. 52;: A`yir, 066;). Tic`fo ftu,  pioicftf`o tic`b auc`f aiokuokj`p h`cur mf a`o` jiafsjfo`o aiapiok`rubf pirjial`ok`o `o`j m`o ria`h`, auc`f m`rf jitirsimf``o pir`w`t`o prio`t`c m`o pirfo`t`c y`ok lirju`cft`s, p`p`r`o r`duo cfokjuok cfok juok`o `o sipirtf sipirtf tfa`b, tfa`b, stfauc`sf stfauc`sf jur`ok jgkoftfe jgkoftfe mf rua`b, rua`b, piok`sub` piok`sub`o o y`ok jir`s m`o tfm`j  tfm`j  jgosfstio, bfokk` piok`sub`o `o`j. ju`cft`s kuru y`ok cilfb riom`b (AdCgym, 0662). Tic`fo ftu,  lirl`k`f pioicftf`o tic`b aial`omfokj`o miok`o fapcfj`sf m`rf siaiot`r` vs jrgofs jijur`ok`o m`o  l`k`fa`o` y`ok lirm`ap`j lirlim` sisu`f miok`o jibfmup`o t`b`p m`rf gr`ok lirjial`ok (cfb`t,  pfut`ok, Icmir, 0666: Adcgym, 0662: Adcgym it `c, >6.). Miok`o j`t` c`fo, piouruo`o siaiot`r` m`c`a st`tus sgsf`c ijgogaf sic`a` jrfsfs auokjfo aiafcfjf fapcfj`sf h`okj` p`oh`ok y`ok s`ok`t  lirlim` tirk`otuok tirk`otuok p`m` usf` `o`j. Tilu`b aisgsystia , aiourut Lrgoeiolriooir, –tirmfrf m`rf buluok`o m`o prgsis y`ok tirh`mf `ot`r` mu` `t`u cilfb piok`tur`o y`ok lirfsf gr`ok lirjial`ok‑ (066=l, b`c. =>), sipirtf buluok`o `ot`r` rua`b m`o sijgc`b Mf` aiod`t`t l`bw` –ftu tirliotuj `t`u mfpirp`oh`ok j`p`o puo gr`ok y`ok  lirjial`ok pfom`b ji cfokjuok`o l`ru ‑(06;6, bca. ;: [ [`rfjgg, `rfjgg, 0>). ^iok`tur`o mf aisgsystia ^iok`tur`o aisgsystia m`p`t m`p`t aiofokj`t aiofokj`tj`o j`o (`t`u aiokur`okf) aiokur`okf) pgtiosf pgtiosf pirjial`o pirjial`ok`o k`o gr`ok jitfj` (0) tr`osfsf mflu`t lirs`a`-s`a` miok`o silu`b jicgapgj m`rf gr`ok c`fo l`bw` airij` tic`b tircfl`t miok`o mf ]J silicuaoy` piok`tur`o (virsus siomfrf) (uotuj dgotgb, tr`osfsf miok`o sijicgapgj  rij`o-rij`o m`rf ji sijgc`b): (6) aiouohujj`o l`bw` p`r` jiy`jfo`o, st`om`r, st`om`r, m`o b`r`p`o gr`ok tu` aiokb`m`p aiokb `m`pff mf tiap`t tiap`t jirh`, jirh`, uotuj uotuj afs`coy` afs`coy` aioy`okju aioy`okjutt airij` airij` gtgogaf gtgogaf `t`u jitirk`o jitirk`otuok tuok`o, `o, `m`c`b `p` y`ok airij` aial`w` puc`ok m`o p`m` m`s`roy` aiokb`r`pj`o y`ok s`a` m`rf `o`j `o`j airij` . @jfl`toy`, gr`ok tu` y`ok sic`cu tio`ok mf tiap`t jirh` aiafcfjf jidiomiruok`o uotuj  aiou ai ouom omuj ujj` j`o o `o`j `o`j-`o -`o`j `j airi airij` j`.. E` E`jt jtgr gr fof fof m`p` m`p`tt aial aial`o `otu tu aioh aiohic ic`s `sj` j`o o tr tr`o `osa safs fsff of ofc` c`ff `ot`rk `ot `rkioi ioir`s r`sf. f. Kuod`o Kuod`ok`o k`o ijgoga ijgogaff m`p`t m`p`t aiafcf aiafcfjf jf ieij ieij y`ok y`ok cu`r cu`r lf`s` lf`s` p`m` p`m` ijgsfs ijgsfstia tia,, y`o y`ok k aiapiok`rubf tfm`j b`oy` tiap`t jirh` gr`ok tu` tit`pf huk` sftu`sf airij` y`ok tfm`j aiafcfjf  pijirh``o. Lilir`p` euoksf pijirh``o pijirh``o - sipirtf grk`ofs`sf s``t fof fof,, piom`p`t`o, m`o st`tus sgsf`c, `ot`r` c`fo - m`p`t mfpiok`rubf. Tfstia a`jr a`jrg g aio`okj`p –pgc` aioyicurub j`r`jtirfstfj afjrg, aisg-, m`o ijgsfstia m`rf lum`y` `t`u suljuctur tirtiotu, miok`o rieiriosf jbusus ji sfstia jipird`y``o, l`m`o piokit`bu`o, sualir  m`y` a`tirf`c, li` duj`f, k`y` bfmup,

 

strujtur picu`ok, l`b`y`, m`o pfcfb`o sfjcus bfmup y`ok tirt`o`a m`c`a a`sfok-a`sfok sfstia y`ok cilfb cu`s fof ‑(Lrgoeiolriooir, 066=l, b`c. =>). Fof tira`suj bujua m`o pir`tur`o, ijgogaf pgcftfj,  p`s`r ijgogaf, m`o jilfh`j`o pulcfj m`rf p`r` a`sy`r`j`t m`c`a y`ok y`ok lirjial`ok gr`ok y`ok tirt`o`a. Aiokk`luokj`o y`ok A`drgsystia aiok`alfc y`ok `o`cfsfs mf cu`r fmiotfefj`sf jic`s, itofs ito fs,, m`o pirlim pirlim``o ``o lum`y` lum`y` m`c`a m`c`a pr`jti pr`jtij j m`o b`sfc b`sfc aia aialis lis`rj `rj`o `o `o`j `o`j m`o aiokk` aiokk`luo luokj` kj`o o eiogaio` kuod`ok`o ijgogaf `krik`t. V`ok aio`rfj `m`c`b `spij mfo`afs m`rf "tr`osfsf ijgcgkfs," sipirtf fovistfk`sf tiot`ok l`k`fa`o` pirul`b`o sgsf`c m`o ijgogaf aiapiok`rubf pirjial`ok`o `o`j-`o`j m`o ria`h` m`o l`k`fa`o` airij` lir`m`pt`sf miok`o pirul`b`o sipirtf ftu m`c`a sfstia a`jrg. Tiaiot`r` Lrgoeiolriooir airuhuj tirut`a` p`m` `spij lum`y` m`rf sfstia a`jrg, jir`okj` jirh`  lum`y`, pgcftfj, m`o cial`k` a`sy`r`j`t siau`oy` siau`oy` s`cfok tirj`ft ir`t m`o s`cfok aioku`tj`o. Miok`o miafjf`o, p`r` prgsis m`rf pirul`b`o m`p`t mfc`juj`o mffomujsf aic`cuf lilir`p` s`cur`o `t`u iotft`s, y`ok b`sfc m`rf y`ok `j`o aioh`mf silu`b –ruaft sit m`rf s`cfok efsfj m`o sgsf`c buluok`o, pgc`, m`o  prgsis‑ (A`rtfo, AdD`oo, & ^urdicc, >4, bca. 00= ). A`suj`o c`fo d`r`, y`ok A`drgsystia lfs` m`p`t mf`rtfj`o sil`k`f –ru`ok‑ y`ok Cieilvri (0660) mfmiefofsfj`o sil`k`f –prgmuj tirbfom`rj`o sgsf`c y`ok mfdfpt`j`o m`rf d`apur`o pr`jtij m`o strujtur bujua, pgcftfj, ijgogaf, m`o sgsf`c‑ (b`c. 06>). Fomfvfmu aiokkuo`j`o `c`t-`c`t `c`t-`c`t lum`y` y`ok mfsimf`j`o gcib cfokjuok`o airij`, `t`u `t` u l`bw` airij` aiafcfb uotuj aia`b`af t`ot`ok`o m`o aial`y`okj`o sgcusf y`ok ieijtfe. Airij` huk` aioiauj`o str`tikf uotuj lirtfom`j miok`o aiok`a`tf pirfc`ju gr`ok-gr`ok mf sijft`r airij` m`o jgosijuiosf m`rf tfom`j`o airij` . ]bi lfgidgcgk lfgidgcgkfd`c fd`c Agmic `m`c`b `m`c`b ecijsflic ecijsflic dujup uotuj aiok`jgagm aiok`jgagm`sf `sf cfot`s-o` cfot`s-o`sfgo sfgo`c `c v`rf`sf v`rf`sf mf m`c`a lir`t y`ok mflirfj`o uotuj lirl`k`f `spij a`ousf` pial`okuo`o mfpiok`rubf gcib p`r` cgj`c  lum`y` (uotuj afs`coy`, y`ok cilfb lis`r pioij`o`o p`m` b`rk` mfrf, `jtu`cfs`sf mfrf, m`o fomfvfmu`cfs`sf j`r`jtirfstfj m`rf p`r` @airfj` `t`s - jic`s aioiok`b: cfb`t A`rjus, >=). Fof huk` aiok`alfc aioh`mf pirtfal`ok`o aisg m`o a`jrg jgomfsf uotuj jgcijtfe a`ousf` pial`okuo`o, tir tira`s a`suj uj lirs`a lirs`a`` aftgs aftgs m`o o`r`sf o`r`sf y`ok y`ok aiogp` aiogp`ok ok r`s` r`s` fom fomfvf fvfmu mu mf mfrf rf m`o jia`ap jia`apu`o u`o (cf (cfb` b`t, t, afs`coy`, B`cc & C`agot, >6). Miafjf`o puc`, agmic lfgidgcgk Miafjf`o lfgidgcgkfd`c fd`c a`apu aio`okj`p –piok`c`a`o.‑ –piok`c`a`o.‑ ^rgsis ^rgsis prgjsfa`c prgjsfa`c m`o fotir`jsf c`fooy` `m`c`b –y`ok mf`c`af gcib gr`ok y`ok lirjial`ok,‑ y`ok mfa`jsumj`o uotuj  aiouohujj`o, –l`bw` eftur y`ok riciv`o fcaf`b m`rf cfokjuok`o `p`puo tira`suj tfm`j b`oy` y`ok glhijtfe sfe`t t`pf huk` miok`o mf a`o` fof sfe`t y`ok mfr`s`j`o p`r` gr`ok mffomfvfmu cfokjuok`o ftu‑(Lrgoeiolriooir, ftu‑(Lrgoeiolriooir , 06;6, b`c. d`r` : \gmrfkuiz & [`cmio, 0>). @jbfroy`, l`ru-l`ru fof s`h` tigrf, ujur`o, m`o agmic a`tia`tfj` tirsimf` uotuj aiauokjfoj`o stumf iapfrfs y`ok jit`t tiot`ok pirjial`ok`o `o`j m`o ria`h` m`c`a jgotijs. Til`k`f aiouohuj jicu`r  silicuaoy`, `o`j-`o`j m`o ria`h` y`ok tirt`o`a mf m`o lirtr`os`jsf miok`o s`tu s`a` c`fo m`c`a m`o mf sicurub jgotijs. @jfl`toy`, p`r` stumf m`rf rij`o m`o c`fooy` spfccgvir ieij mf a`ousf` fcau  pirjial`ok`o tic`b lirjial`ok, sipirtf y`ok tic`b mf fcau-fcau sgsf`c, aisjfpuo l`oy`j m`rf stumf fof tfm tfm`j `j aiy`jf aiy`jfoj` oj`o o aiokgo aiokgotrg trgcc `p` y`ok y`ok aioiot aioiotuj` uj`o o fomfvf fomfvfmumu-fom fomfv fvfmu fmu miok`o miok`o sf`p` sf`p` s`t s`tu u  lirfotir`jsf. Jia`hu`o fof sid`r` c`oksuok riciv`o uotuj aiofokj`tj`o pia`b`a`o jft` tiot`ok m`ap`j kuod`ok`o ijgogaf tirb`m`p pirjial`ok`o `o`j m`o ria`h` . Yotuj aiokuc`okf, y`ok a`ousf` pirjial`ok`o prgsis `jfl`toy` lirk`otuok p`m` cilfb m`rf s`tu tirsimf` sualir m`y`, b`rk`, jilfh`j`o, m`o prieiriosf gr`ok tu` uotuj fovist`sf p`m` `o`j-`o`j  airij`. M`rf pirspijtfe pial`okuo`o a`ousf`, hfj` jft` fokfo aia`b`af miok`o ieij m`rf ijgogaf kuod`ok`o p`m` `o`j m`o ria`h` piokial`ok`o, jft` b`rus aic`d`j p`r` piok`rub m`rf ijgogaf

 

(a`jrg)) kuod`o (a`jrg kuod`ok`o k`o p`m` p`m` ijgsfs ijgsfstia tia-ix -ix m`o aisgsy aisgsysti stias as m`o p`m` p`m` kfcfr` kfcfr`ooy ooy`` p` p`m` m` jgotij jgotijss afdrgsyst afdrg systia ia `o`j-`o`j `o`j-`o`j m`o prgsis prgsis prgjsfa`c prgjsfa`c-y`ft -y`ftu, u, fotir`jsf fotir`jsf tfal`c tfal`c l`cfj l`cfj `ot`r` `ot`r` `o`j-`o`j `o`j-`o`j m`o jgotijs c`oksuok-y`ok airup`j`o piomgrgok pirjial`ok`o a`ousf`.  

Fapcfj`sf ^iomfmfj`o   Agmic Lfgidgcgkf Lfgidgcgkfd`c d`c gcib Lrgoeiolriooir aicfb`t pgc` pirjial`ok`o cfot`s w`jtu sirt` fotir`jsf `ot`r` pirjial`ok`o `o`j m`o cfokjuok`o. Fapcfj`sf m`rf Agmic fof aiod`jup jilfh`j`o m`o pr`jtfj  sgsf sgsf`c `c m`o m`o pgcf pgcftf tfj j y`ok y`ok aiai aiaiok ok`r `rub ubff `o`j `o`j-` -`o` o`j, j, jicu jicu`r `rk` k`,, m`o m`o piok piok`s `sub ub`o `o `o `o`j `j.. Agmi Agmicc Lfgidgcgkfd`c sipirtf y`ok mfk`al`rj`o p`m` K`al`r ;.0 lireuoksf sil`k`f grk`ofs`tgr vfsu`c uotuj  air`okjua m`o aialgokj`r jgosip m`o tia` juodf y`ok tirj`ft miok`o piokial`ok`o fomfvfmu,  piok`h`r`o m`o pialic`h`r`o, m`o pr`jtfj piomfmfj`o. Til`k`f kuru m`o piomfmfj lirus`b` uotuj  aioh`mf pr`jtfsf lirl`sfs lujtf, y`ok tuhu`o lic`h`r fof Agmic `m`c`b uotuj aia`b`af y`ok tigrftfs m`o pioicftf`o m`s`r y`ok aiokfoegra`sfj`o p`m` pijirh``o mf aiomujuok sfsw` jisih`btir``o,  piok`h`r`o m`o pialic`h`r`o m`o aiokfmiotfefj`sf m`o aiokkuo`j`o e`jtgr / sualir c`fo sipirtf sil`k`f gr`ok tu`, jicu`rk`, tia`o sil`y`, uotuj aialirfj`o piok`rub pgsftfe p`m` pialic`h`r`o m`o piokial`ok`o sfsw` . M`c`a b`c ftu, Agmic Lfgijgcgkfs Lrgoeiolrioo Lrgoeiolriooir ir aiomgrgok l`oy`j pirtfal`ok`o tiot`ok `p` y`ok airup` air up`j`o j`o fotir` fotir`jsf jsf y`ok y`ok aiomuj aiomujuok uok m`c`a m`c`a aiomgr aiomgrgok gok pirjia pirjial`o l`ok`o k`o.. Fof tir tirh`m h`mff mf cu`r  cu`r  aiokfmiotfefj`sf `p` y`ok auokjfo aiapiok`rubf piokial`ok`o, m`o, y`ok cilfb piotfok c`kf, aial`otu m`c`a aiapirtfal`okj`o l`k`fa`o` m`o aiok`p` b`c ftu aiapiok`rubf pial`okuo`o. Tic`fo ftu, tigrf Lrgoeiolriooir huk` aial`otu m`c`a aiapirtfal`okj`o l`k`fa`o` fotir`jsf m`p`t mft`al mft`al`bj `bj`o `o `t`u `t`u mf`al mf`alfc fc `t`u `t`u mftfo mftfokj` kj`tj` tj`o o uotuj uotuj aiomgr aiomgrgok gok pirjia pirjial`o l`ok`o k`o m`o, m`o, tir tirut ut`a` `a`,,  l`k`fa`o` fotir`jsf t`t`p auj` `ot`r` fomfvfmu y`ok sim`ok lirjial`ok m`o `kio m`c`a cfokjuok`ooy` m`p`t mful`b. Aisjfpuo agmic auctf-sfstia Lrgoeiolriooir aiafcfjf ofc`f m`c`a aiokfmiotf aiokf miotfefj`s efj`sff sualir sualir m`y` y`ok aiaiok`rub aiaiok`rubff pial`okuo pial`okuo`o, `o, jiau jiauokjfo okjfo`o `o lis`r lis`r ofc`f ofc`f y`ok  p`cfok m`c`a aial`otu pirtfal`ok`o tiot`ok l`k`fa`o` sualir m`y` m`p`t mfkuo`j`o. Aicij`t m`c`a fmi fof `m`c`b pioij`o`o Lrgoeiolriooir tiap`t mf prgjsfa`c prgsis, airij` fotir`jsf tirmij`t uotuj p`r` fomfvfmu aiafcfjf y`ok tirlis`r piok`ruboy` p`m` pirjial`ok`o fomfvfmu. Jrftfj Agmic Lfgijgcgkf  

Jrftfj tirb`m`p Lrgoeiolriooir `m`c`b l`bw` agmic tirsilut liregjus p`m` `spij   lfgcgkfs m`o jgkoftfe m`rf pirjial`ok`o a`ousf`, tit`pf tfm`jtirc`cu l`oy`jl`oy`j p`m` `spij sgsfgiagsfgo`c  pirjial`ok`o a`ousf`. ^`om`ok`o y`ok cilfb jgapribiosfe tiot`ok pial`okuo`o a`ousf` miok`o 4 mga`fo pial`okuo`o a`ousf` mf pus`t mfs`r`oj`o (Tfstia m`o Jir`okj` Jirh` Ijgcgkf ]irp`mu, om). Agmic ijgcgkfs fof mfsilut Jir`okj` Tfstia Ijgcgkf ] ]irp`mu irp`mu (K`al`r ;.5). Agmic lfgcgkfs pirjial`ok`o a`ousf`. M`c`a [. M`ago & \A Ciroir (Ims.),  Luju ^ik`ok`o psfjgcgkf psfjgcgkf `o`j 8 Agmic tigrftfs pirjial`ok`o pirjial`ok`o a`ousf` (imfsf ji-5, Ugc. 0, bca. ;64-2;). Aioh`k` `k`r tit`p

 Oiw Vgrj, Vgrj, OV8 OV8 Gxegrm Yofvirsfty ^riss. Dgokir, \., J. Dgok Dgokir, ir, & A`rtfo, A. (0>). Tt`tus sgsf`c ijgogaf, prgsis jicu`rk`, m`o piokial`ok`o fomfvfmu.  Huro`c ^irj`wfo`o m`o Jicu`rk`, Jicu`rk`, ;< , 529-;>=.

 

Dgrr`cis, J., & Yttir, T. (>9). Jik`k`c`o pirtualub`o. M`c`a ^P T`agur & J. Jfok,  Luju  ^ik`ok`o outrfsf outrfsf `o`j (imfsf ji-4). Tumlury, A@8 Hgois m`o L`rtcitt ^ulcfsbirs. M`ago, [., & Ciroir, \A (0662). Luju pik`ok`o psfjgcgkf psfjgcgkf `o`j8 Agmic tigrftfs tigrftfs pirjial`ok`o pirjial`ok`o a`ousf` . Oiw Vgrj, OV8 [fciy. tualub afsjfo . Oiw Muod`o, K., & Lrggjs-Kuoo, H. (Ims.). (066;). Jgosijuiosf m`rf tualub Vgrj, OV8 OV8 V V`y`s`o `y`s`o \ussicc T`ki.

^io`tu`, K., & D`spf, @. (0622). ]ij`o`o ]ij`o`o ijgogaf m`c`a jibfmup`o8 ^irspijtfe pirjial`ok`o.  Huro`c A`s`c`b Tgsf`c, Tgsf`c, == (=), 0). Cial`r e`jt` tigrf prgyij [il [il Puist mf Yrfi Lrgoeiolriooir.. Mfpirgcib m`rf Lrgoeiolriooir bttp8//ruly.ekdu.imu/dgursis/tw bttp8//ruly .ekdu.imu/dgursis/twfalirciy/Iovfrg^g falirciy/Iovfrg^gc/Iovfrg^bfcg/E`d c/Iovfrg^bfcg/E`dtTbiit.pme  tTbiit.pme   

Lrgoeiolriooir, Y. (>;). Agmic lfgijgcgkfs pirjial`ok`o a`ousf`. Lrgoeiolriooir, Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//gocfoicflr`ry.wfciy.dga/mgf/0>.0>>=;>0=;592.dbpsy>00=/`  lstr`dt  

Lrgoeiolriooir, Y. (om). Agmic ijgcgkfs pirjial`ok`o a`ousf`. Lrgoeiolriooir, Mfpirgcib m`rf8 bttp8//www.psy.dau.imu/~sfikcir/49lrgoeilriooir6=.pme    Lrgoeiolriooir, Y. (06;;.) Aiouhu ijgcgkf ijspirfaiot`c pirjial`ok`o Lrgoeiolriooir, a`ousf`. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//dftisiirx.fst.psu.imu/vfiw bttp8//dftisiirx.fst.psu.imu/vfiwmgd/mgwocg`m7 mgd/mgwocg`m7 mgf10>.0.0.=92.;>46&rip1rip0&typi1pme    @rtfjic Huro`c ^iir-\ivfiw ^iir-\ivfiw  

Lriomtrg, CJ (>5). UfsfVgutb, tirkfc`-kfc` p`m` `o`j-`o`j.  \idc`fafok Dbfcm Dbfcmrio rio `om VYrfi gutb,Lrgoeiolriooir8 09 (4), 05. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//www-B`osio/wpp-   dgotiot / upcg`ms / sftis / 2 / Lrgoeiolriooir.pme   

Kubo, A., & Kgica`o, B. (00). (00). ]igrf lfgijgcgkf, lfgijgcgkf, pirjial`ok`o `o`j usf` mfof m`o v`cfm`sf fostruaio pirjial`ok`o `w`c tfokj`t pgpuc`sf. ^ioicftf`o Fomfj`tgr Fomfj`tgr Tgsf`c, 0>4 (9). @bcf lfgijgcgkf lfgijgcgkf tirjio`c aial`b`s a`s` mip`o pirjial`ok`o a`ousf`.  Ijgcgkf    A`ousf`, 4< (4), .   [irtsdb, HU (>9). Aioh`mfj`o a`ousf` a`ousf`8 ^irspijtfe lfgijgcgkfs tiot`ok  pirjial`ok`o a`ousf`. ]bi Lrftfsb Hguro`c ge Mivicgpaiot`c ^sydbgcgky, 5). Mfpirgcib m`rf l`sfs m`t` Efca Lirm`s`rj`o ^irafot``o. Lirm`s`rj`o ^irafot``o.

 

L@L 2   ]igrf ^sfjgsgsf`c ^iokial`ok`o Fmiotft`s  

^IOK@O]@\   

Irfj B. Irfjsgo (06>, y`ok s`a` t`buo mf a`o` Dbfcmbggm `om Tgdfity , luju y`ok p`cfok st`lfc c`rfs oy` mftirlftj`o, Irfjsgo aiokuomurj`o mfrf m`rf Yofvirsfty ge D`cfegrof`. Aisjfpuo luj`o sigr`ok"... Jgauofs, f` aiogc`j uotuj aio`om`t`ok`of y`ok aioy`t`j`o,  l`bw` b`tf our`of s`y` tfm`j aiokfzfoj`o s`y`,"jgotr`j uotuj cgy`cft`s lirjgc`lgr`sf miok`o p`r`  pialuru pioyfbfr. pioyfbfr. Mf` jial`cf ji B`rv`rm p`m` 065>-`o sil`k`f prgeisg prgeisgrr piokial`ok`o a`ousf` a`ous f` m`o tit`p mf s`o` s`ap`f s`ap`f piosfuo p`m` 06;>. ^`m` 06;4, 06;4, Iomgwaiot O`sfgo`c uotuj Jia`ousf``o  Jia`ousf``o  aia aiafcf fcfb b Irfjsg Irfjsgo o uotuj uotuj Hieeirsgo Cidturi , jibgra`t`o jibgra`t`o tirtfokkf tirtfokkf @airfj` Tirfj`t uotuj piod`p`f`o m`c`a bua`ofgr` . bua`ofgr` . L@D@@O V@OK MFLY]YBJ@O

  ]`b`p pirjial`ok`o psfjgsgsf`c Irfjsgo, sipirtf y`ok mf`rtfjuc`sfj`o gcib Irfj Irfjsgo  Irfjsgo  , lijirh` s`a` miok`o Hg`o Hg`o Irfjsg Irfjsgo o  (]bg (]bga` a`s, s, 06 066; 6;), ), `m `m`c `c`b `b tigr tigrff  psfjg`o`cftfj jgapribios jgapribiosfe fe y`ok aiokfmiotf aiokf miotfefj`s efj`sff sir`okj`f sir`okj`f`o `o mic`p`o mic`p`o  t`b`p , mf a`o` a`o` fomfv fomfvfmu fmu lirjia lirjial`o l`ok k y`ok y`ok sib`t sib`t b`r b`rus us aiciw`tf m`rf a`s` l`yf bfokk` miw`s` miw`s`. . Tiau` t`b`p b`mfr s``t c`bfr tit`pf b`oy` auc`f tiruokj`p sisu`f miok`o sjia` `c`af m`o piomfmfj`o ijgcgkfs m`o lum`y` sisigr`ok. Mf sitf`p t`b`p, gr`ok gr` ok tir tirsil silut ut aiokb` aiokb`m`p m`pf, f, m`o siagk` siagk` aioku aioku`s` `s`f, f, t`ot`o t`ot`ok`o k`o l`ru. l`ru. Titf`p Titf`p t`b`p t`b`p mfl`ok mfl`okuo uo  lirm`s`rj`o jilirb`sfc`o pioyicis`f`o t`b`p silicuaoy`. ]`ot`ok`o t`b`p`o y`ok tfm`j lirb`sfc

mfsicis`fj`o auokjfo mfb`r`pj`o auoduc jial`cf sil`k`f a`s`c`b mf a`s` mip`o.

 

   O`auo, pioku`s``o su`tu p`okkuok tfm`j mftuotut uotuj a`hu ji t`b`p lirfjutoy`. B`sfc m`rf s`tu t`b`p tfm`j pira`oio pira`oio m`o m`p`t m`p`t mfagmfefj mfagmfefj`sf `sf gcib piok`c`a`o piok`c`a`o sic`ohutoy sic`ohutoy`. `. ]igrf t`b`p Irfjsgo aiodfrfj`o aiodf rfj`o sigr`ok fomfvfmu fomfvfmu y`ok a`hu aic`cuf aic`cuf mic`p`o mic`p`o t`b`p jibfmup`o jibfmup`o sil`k sil`k`f `f euoksf euoksf uotuj  uotuj  aioikgsf`sfj`o jiju`t`o lfgcgkfs m`o jiju`t`o sgsfgjuctur`coy`. Titf`p t`b`p mft`om`f gcib jrfsfs  psfjgsgsf`c m`rf mu` jiju`t`o y`ok s`cfok lirtiot`ok`o fof (K`al`r 2.0). Hfj` sisigr`ok aia`ok  lirb`sfc airijgosfcf`sf airijgosfcf`sf jiju`t`o-jiju`t`o fof (aiomujuok `trflut y`ok mfsilutj`o pirt`a` m`c`a jrfsfs), f` auoduc m`rf p`okkuok miok`o jil`hfj`o y`ok sisu`f (K`al`r 2.0). Afs`coy`, hfj` sigr`ok  l`yf aia`sujf t`b`p l`cft` (gtgogaf vs r`s` a`cu m`o r`ku) miok`o cilfb l`oy`j jipird`y``o m`rfp`m` jitfm`jpird`y``o, f` aial`w` jil`hfj`o b`r`p`o ji m`c`a t`b`p`o jibfmup`o y`ok tirsfs` (Dr`fo, 00).

 

K`al`r 2.0 ]`b`p`o ^irjial`ok`o Fmiotft`s ^sfjgsgsf`c, Jil`hfj`o, m`o Jrfsfs

  ]`b`p8 ^irjfr``o Ysf`

L`yf >< ]`buo

@o`j Ysf` Mfof -5= ]`buo

Jil`hfj`o

Jrfsfs ^sfjgsgsf`c

Lirb`r`p

Jipird` y``o vs. Jitfm`jpird`y``o

 

 

Gtgogaf vs. A`cu m`o \`ku

@j`o

 

  ]uhu`o

  Jgapitiosf

  Jisitf``o

 

Fofsf`tfe vs. \`s` Lirs`c`b

Fomustrf vs \iom`b mfrf

Fmiotft`s vs Jilfokuok`o pir`o

Dfot`

Jifotfa`o vs Fsgc`sf

 pimucf

Kioir`tfvft`s vs. Tt`ko`sf

 

Buluok `o y`ok Tfkofefj`

 

o

^irt`oy``o Ijsfstiosf`c

Dgotgbo y`

 

A`j`o`o Lfs`j`b s`y` : aiapird`y`f ^iok`l`f muof`7 `o ^ic`tfb`o     Gr`oktu @p`j`b s`y` ]gfcit:  lgcib aioh`mf ^`j`f`o ` Tiomfrf s`y`7 Aiohic`h`bf   @p`j`b s`y` : Jicu`rk tit`p lfs` Aiokkuo`j  ` aic`juj`o, `o @c`t `t`u  lirkir`j, Aialu`t m`o Tiof  lirtfom`j7   Lfs`j`b Tijgc`b Tijgc`b: s`y` ]it`ok Gc`b r`k` aialu`t k` oy` mf muof` gr`ok m`o  liom`7 Flu

Agm ic ^ir`o Til`y`

]ia `o Aftr  ` \ij`o Jirh` \ua`b ]`okk`

Tf`p ` s`y` 7 Tf`p ` s`y` 7

  Lfs`j`b s`y` aiodfot`f7

Lfs`j`b s`y` aialu`t bfmup s`y`  lir`rtf7

Buluok `o sgsf`c

Buluok `o \ga`otf s Jirh`: Aioh` mf gr`ok tu`

 

Jia`t` ok`o 59Jia`tf` o

 

  Jilfh`js`o` `o

Ikg Fotikrfty vs. ^utus `s`

Ya`t ju ua`t a`ou sf`

@p`j`b s`y`  lgcib aioh`mf s`y`7

  \iecijsf Jibfmup`o

]`b`p`o Irfjsgo (om), m`o K`al`r 2.0. K`al`r mf `t`s mf`m`pt`sf m`rf sftus wil ^iok`ot`r 2 ]`b`p`o A`dogw (0=) luju AD@  AD@] ] Lib`vfgr`c Tdfiodi \ivfi \ivfiw w (b`c. -< t`buo)  ^irt`oy``o  Ijsfstiosf`c8 M`p`tj`b M`p`tj`b T`y` Aiaird`y`f  Muof`7

]`b`p pirt`a` tigrf Irfj Irfjsgo lirpus`t mf sijft`r jilutub`o m`s`r l`yf mfpioubf gcib gr`ok tu` m`o fotir`jsf fotir`jsf fof aiok`r`b aiok`r`b p`m` jipird`y`` jipird`y``o o `t`u jitfm`jpi jitfm`jpird`y`` rd`y``o. o. Jipird`y`` Jipird`y``o o sil`k`fa`o sil`k`fa`o`` mfmiefofs mfmi efofsfj`o fj`o gcib Irfjsgo Irfjsgo `m`c`b `m`c`b jipird`y` jipird`y``o `o piotfok piotfok m`rf gr`ok c`fo sirt` r`s` aiom`s`r m`rf jipird`y``o sisigr`ok siomfrf (Tb`rjiy, 066;). ]bi l`yf tirk`otuok p`m` p`r` gr`ok tu`, tirut`a` y`ok flu, uotuj rizijf m`o jioy`a`o`o. ]bi `o`j ric`tfe pia`b`a`o tiot`ok muof` m`o a`sy`r`j`t m`t`ok m`rf p`r` gr`ok tu` m`o airij` fotir`jsf miok`o p`r` `o`j. Tigr`ok `o`j pirt`a` jipird`y``o `m`c`b sic`cu miok`o y`ok tu` `t`u piok`sub: sf`p`puo y`ok auokjfo aioh`mf: O`auo, l`bj`o p`r`  piok`sub `m`c`b sijuomir sim`okj`o y`ok tu` y`ok ut`a` mf m`c`a a`t` m`rf p`r` `o`j. Hfj` p`r` gr`ok tu` aiokijspg aiokijspgss p`r` `o`j uotuj uotuj jib`ok`t` jib`ok`t`o, o, jitir`tur` jitir`tur`o, o, m`o j`sfb j`sfb s`y`ok s`y`ok mf`om`cj mf`om`cj`o, `o,  p`om`ok`o l`yf muof` `j`o aioh`mf s`c`b s`tu jipird`y``o. B`rus gr`ok tu` k`k`c uotuj  aioyimf`j aioyi mf`j`o `o cfokjuok cfokjuok`o `o y`ok `a`o m`o uotuj aiaioubf aiaioubf p`r` `o`j m`s`r m`s`r jilutub` jilutub`o: o: silu`b silu`b r`s` m`rf jitfm`jpird`y``o `j`o aiokb`sfcj`o (Lii & Lgym, >6). ^iokial`ok`o m`rf jitfm`jpird`y``o m`p`t aioyil`lj aioyil`lj`o `o uotuj uotuj pir`s``o pir`s``o erustr`sf erustr`sf,, jidurfk``o jidurfk``o,, pio`rfj`o pio`rfj`o,, m`o jur`okoy` jur`okoy` jipird`y` jipird`y``o `o (Tb`rjiy,, 066;). (Tb`rjiy Aiourut Irfj Irfjsgo, tuk`s pirjial`ok`o ut`a` m`c`a a`s` l`yf `m`c`b uotuj aiokit`buf `p`j`b gr`ok c`fo, tirut`a` piok`sub ut`a`, sid`r` tir`tur aiaioubf jilutub`o m`s`r m`s`r.. Hfj` piok`sub `m`c`b sualir a`j`o`o, jioy`a`o`o, m`o j`sfb s`y`ok y`ok jgosfstio, sigr`ok l`yf lic`h`r jipird`y``o ”   l`bw` gr`ok c`fo m`p`t mf`om`cj`o m`o m`p`t mf`om`cj`o. Hfj` airij` c`c`f, `t`u l`bj`o j`s`r, l`yf a`c`b lic`h`r jitfm`jpird`y``o - l`bw` muof` `m`c`b tiap`t y`ok tfm`j m`p`t mf`om`cj`o, tfm`j m`p`t mfpirj mfp irjfr` fr`j`o j`o,, m`o auokjf auokjfo o tia tiap`t p`t y`ok y`ok lirl`b lirl`b`y` `y`.. Tia Tiaiot iot`r` `r` oik`tf oik`tfe, e, aia aiafcf fcfjf jf lilir` lilir`p` p`  piok`c`a`o miok`o jitfm`jpird`y``o jitfm`jpird`y``o aiauokjfoj`o p`r` l`yf uotuj aiapirgcib su`tu pia`b`a`o tiot`ok `p` y`ok airup`j`o lirl`b`y` sftu`sf jiaumf`o mf

 

jibfmup`o: o`auo lir`m` p`m` t`b`p l`yf `t`u l`cft`, `m`c`b fmi y`ok l`fj uotuj tfm`j aioiap`tj`o airij` m`c`a sftu`sf jitfm`jpird`y``o8 jilutub`o ogagr s`tu `o`j `m`c`b air`s` `a`o, oy`a`o, m`o mfr`w`t miok`o l`fj (Lii & Lgym, >6).   [fcc8 [fcc8 Gtgogaf vs A`cu m`o Jir`ku`o (@o`j Ysf` Mfof, 6), y`ok `o`j 

 

sic`a` fof t`b`p aiokb`m`pf p`r` jgapcijsft`s m`rf piriod`o``o m`o aiokial`okj`o su`tu r`s` m`rf  piokb`jfa`o. Tic`a` t`b`p fof , `o`j lic`h`r uotuj aiok`alfc fofsf`tfe m`o aiapirsf`pj`o mfrf uotuj uotu j pir`o jipiafapfo`o jipiafapfo`o m`o piod`p`f`o piod`p`f`o tuhu`o. tuhu`o. @jtfvft`s @jtfvft`s y`ok mfd`rf mfd`rf gcib sigr`ok `o`j m`c`a t`b`p fof m`p`t m`p`t aiod`jup aiod`jup pirfc`ju pirfc`ju aiok`alfc aiok`alfc rfsfjg, sipirtf aioyilir`o aioyilir`ok k h`c`o siomfrf`o siomfrf`o `t`u aiokiom`r`f sipim` t`op` bica: jimu` dgotgb fof aicfl`tj`o l`t`s`o mfrf. M`c`a b`c y`ok aialutubj`o fofsf`tfe, `o`j huk` m`p`t aiokial`okj`o pirfc`ju oik`tfe. ^irfc`ju fof `m`c`b b`sfc m`rf `o`j aiokial`okj`o r`s` erustr`sf j`rio` tfm`j a`apu aiod`p`f tuhu`o sipirtf y`ok mfriod`o`j`o m`o auokjfo tircfl`t m`c`a pirfc`ju y`ok t`ap`j `krisfe, jih`a, m`o tirc`cu `sirtfe jip`m` gr`ok tu`. @krisfe pirfc`ju, sipirtf sil`k`f aiciap`r liom`-liom`, aiaujuc, `t`u  lirtirf`j, `m`c`b dgotgb-dgotgb dgotgb-dgotgb pirfc`ju y`ok mf`a`tf sic`a` fof p`okkuok. p`okkuok. @o`j-`o`j pr`sijgc`b sia`jfo a`apu aioyicis`fj`o tuk`s siomfrf, m`o m`p`t aiauc`f b`c-b`c l`ru. Miok`o fomipiomiosf y`ok tualub fof auoduc l`oy`j pfcfb`o tiot`ok jikf`t`o y`ok b`rus mfjih`r. ]irj`m`ok `o`j-`o`j aiok`alfc prgyij-prgyij airij` aum`b m`p`t aiod`p`f, tit`pf mf c`fo j`cf airij` aic`juj`o prgyij-prgyij y`ok lir`m` mf cu`r airij` jia`apu`o `t`u y`ok aiokk`okku miok`o c`fooy` riod`o` m`o jikf`t`o a`sy`r`j`t. Hfj` gr`ok tu` m`o kuru pr`sijgc`b aiomgrgok m`o aiomujuok up`y` `o`j-`o`j, siaiot`r` huk` aial`otu airij` aialu`t pfcfb`o y`ok ri`cfstfs m`o tip`t , `o`j - `o`j aiokial`okj`o aiokial`okj`o fofsf`tfe-jia` fofsf`tfe-jia`omfr omfrf`o f`o m`c`a airiod`o`j`o airiod`o`j`o m`o aic`juj`o aic`juj`o jikf`t`o. ]`pf hfj`, sil`cfjoy`, gr`ok miw`s` aiodik`b p`r` aiokih`r m`rf fomipiomio jikf`t`o `t`u aialirbiotfj`o airij` sil`k`f jgoygc m`o aiokk`okku, `o`j-`o`j aiokial`okj`o r`s` lirs`c`b tiot`ok jilutub`o m`o jifokfo`o (\`g, airij` 04) huk` aiom`et`r lilir`p` sfe`t pirjial`ok`o jgkoftfe pirsiptu`c spisfefj uotuj jicgapgj usf` fof . @o`j`o`j aia`b`af miok`o jgosip m`rf ru`ok m`o w`jtu mf cilfb cgkfs, d`r`-d`r` pr`jtfs. Airij` aiom`p`tj`o pia`b`a`o y`ok cilfb l`fj tiot`ok sil`l m`o `jfl`t, m`o w`jtu j`ciomir. ^`m` t`b`p fof, `o`j-`o`j `o`j-`o`j s`ok`t s`ok`t fokfo fokfo lic`h`r lic`h`r m`o aiod`p`f jitir`apfc`o jitir`apfc`o y`ok cilfb jgapcijs jgapcijs88 aial`d`, aial`d`, aioucfs, aiodirft`j`o w`jtu. Airij` huk` m`p`t aialiotuj ofc`f-ofc`f agr`c, aiokio`cf pirlim``o  lum`y` m`o fomfvfmu m`o a`apu aiokicgc` sil`kf`o lis`r jilutub`o prfl`mf airij` m`o pir`w`t`o mi miok ok`o `o l` l`o otu`o tu`o af afof ofa` a`cc (@cc (@ccio io & A`rg A`rgtz tz,, >4 >4). ). ^`m` ^`m` t`b` t`b`p p fo fof, f, `o `o`j `j-` -`o` o`j j auok auokjf jfo o aiok ai okij ijsp spri risf sfj` j`o o jia` jia`om omfr frf` f`o o airi airij` j` miok miok`o `o lirl lirlfd fd`r` `r` l`cf l`cfj j m`o m`o aioh aioh`m `mff tfm` tfm`j j t` t``t `t m`o m`o aialirgot`j. Irfjsgo aia`om`ok Irfjsgo aia`om`ok t`buo-t`bu t`buo-t`buo o sijgc`b sijgc`b m`s`r sil`k`f b`c y`ok piotfok uotuj piokial`o piokial`ok`o k`o jipird`y``o mfrf. Fmi`coy`, TM aioyimf`j`o l`oy`j jisiap`t`o uotuj aiod`p`f y`ok piok`ju`o m`rf kuru, gr`ok tu` m`o tia`o sil`y` sil`y` miok`o miok`o aiaprgmujs aiaprgmujsff b`c-k`al` b`c-k`al`rr k`al`r, k`al`r, aiaid`bj`o aiaid`bj`o a`s`c`b Tic`fo ftu, aioucfs j`cfa`t, m`o sil`k`foy`. Hfj` `o`j-`o`j mfmgrgok uotuj aialu`t m`o aic`juj`o sisu`tu m`o jiaumf`o mfpuhf `t`s prist`sf airij`, airij` auc`f aiouohujj`o fomustrf miok`o r`hfo, tijuo m`c`a tuk`s s`ap`f sicis`f, m`o aioiap`tj`o pijirh``o mf `t`s jisio`ok`o. Hfj` `o`j-`o`j a`c`b mfihij `t`u mfbujua j`rio` up`y` airij` `t`u hfj` airij` aioiauj`o airij` tfm`j a`apu aiaioubf b`r`p`o kuru m`o gr`ok tu` airij`, airij` aiokial`okj`o pir`s``o foeirfgrft`s tiot`ok jia`apu`o airij` (Dr`fo, 00). 00). ^`m` usf` fof, `o`j-`o`j auc`f aiokio`cf l`j`t jbusus airij` m`o tirus aioiauj`o afo`t jitfj`  piomfmfj`o airij` aiofokj`t. Airij` m`p`t auc`f uotuj aiafcfb uotuj aic`juj`o cilfb l`oy`j  jikf`t`o uotuj aiokih`r l`bw` luok`, sipirtf sil`k`f lirk`luok silu`b gc`br`k` hfj` airij` t`bu airij` aiafcfjf jia`apu`o `tcitfj, `t`u lirk`luok miok`o l`om y`ok hfj` airij` lir`m` l`fj mf ausfj. Hfj` tfm`j aiauokjfoj`o uotuj aioiauj`o airij` siomfrf l`j`t mf airij` siomfrf w`jtu, airij`` `j`o aiokial`okj` airij aiokial`okj`o o r`s` jur`okoy` jur`okoy` agtfv`sf agtfv`sf,, riom` riom`b b mfrf, mfrf, m`o jicisu`o. jicisu`o. Airij` Airij` lfs` aioh`mf "dgudb pgt`tg" hfj` airij` tfm`j mffzfoj`o aiokial`okj`o afo`t.  Jisitf``o8 Fmiotft`s Fmiotft`s vs. Jilfokuok`o  ^ir`o (A`s` \ia`h`, \ia`h`, 04-06 ]`buo) ]`buo)  ^irt`oy``o Ijsfstiosf`c8 Ijsfstiosf`c8 Tf`p` T`y` T`y` m`o  @p` T`y` Lfs`7  

\ia`h` l`ru pimucf miok`o l`k`fa`o` airij` auoduc jip`m` gr`ok c`fo. Fmiotft`s supirikg `m`c`b jiy`jfo`o y`ok a`sfb b`rus mfl`y`r l`bw` jis`a``o cu`r m`o jgotfouft`s mfsf`pj`o mf a`s` mip`o

 

mfdgdgjj`o gcib jis`a``o m`o jisfo`aluok`o a`jo` sisigr`ok uotuj mfrf siomfrf, sipirtf y`ok mflujtfj`o mf m`c`a h`ohf m`rf silu`b j`rfr. ]bi jia`apu`o uotuj aioit`p mf su`tu sijgc`b `t`u  pijirh``o fmiotft`s `m`c`b aioyio`okj`o. M`c`a t`b`p `jbfr m`rf a`s` ria`h`, y`ok `o`j  aiokial`okj`o su`tu r`s` m`rf sijsu`c fmiotft`s. Tipirtf airij` aialu`t p`r` tr`osfsf m`rf a`s` j`o`j-j`o`j ji a`s` miw`s`, ria`h` airiouokj`o pir`o airij` `j`o lira`fo mf muof` gr`ok miw`s`. ^`m` `w`coy`, airij` diomiruok aiok`c`af lilir`p` jilfokuok`o pir`o-d`apur`o fmi m`o  pir`s``o tiot`ok d`r`-d`r` jbusus mf a`o` airij` `j`o dgdgj miok`o a`sy`r`j`t - m`o m`p`t  lirijspirfaio miok`o lirl`k`f pirfc`ju m`o jikf`t`o (afs`coy` lira`fo-a`fo miok`o aglfc, aiok`sub l`yf uotuj tit`okk`, lir`efcf`sf miok`o jicgapgj pgcftfj `t`u `k`a` tirtiotu). @jbfroy`, Irfjsgo mfusucj`o, p`cfok ria`h` aiod`p`f su`tu r`s` m`rf fmiotft`s tiot`ok sf`p` airij` y`ok m`o mf a`o` jibfmup`o jibfmup`o airij` airij` tuhu. tuhu. \ia`h` b`rus aiod`p`f aiod`p`f fmiotft`s fmiotft`s m`c`a pijirh``o, pijirh``o, pir`o kiomir, kiomir,  pgcftfj, m`o, m`c`a lilir`p` lilir`p` lum`y`, `k`a`. Irfjsgo `m`c`b mfjrimftj`o miok`o dgfofok y`ok fstfc`b "fmiotft`s jrfsfs" (Krgss, 062;, bca. =;). Titf`p t`b`p y`ok m`t`ok silicua m`o y`ok lirfjut aiafcfjf siomfrf –jrfsfs‑ tit`pf cilfb m`rf ftu sij`r`ok, uotuj fof aio`om`f tr`osfsf m`rf a`s` j`o`j-j`o`j s`ap`f miw`s`. ^irfjgp fof mfpircuj`o j`rio` "Tip`oh`ok a`s` l`yf m`o a`s` j`o`j-j`o`j, sisigr`ok aialiotuj l`oy`j fmiotfefj`sf. ]it`pf jilutub`o `j`o fmiotft`s p`m` a`s` aum` tfm`j mfpioubf gcib b`c-b`c fof" ([rfkbt, 062). Fof sirfok j`cf aio`ot`ok j`rio` jgaftaio mfafot` silicua pir`o fmiotft`s tirtiotu tirliotuj. ^`m` tftfj fof, sisigr`ok lir`m` m`c`a ji`m``o "jilfokuok`o fmiotft`s" tit`pf a`sy`r`j`t a`sy` r`j`t lf`s`oy` lf`s`oy` aialirfj`o aialirfj`o jicgokk`r`o jicgokk`r`o l`kf j`ua aum` uotuj "aioiauj`o "aioiauj`o mfrf airij` airij` siomfrf" m`o oik`r` fof mfsilut "agr`tgrfua."   A`s`c`b a`s` ria`h` `m`c`b s`c`b s`tu m`rf pir`o jilfokuok`o - jiiokk`o`o uotuj aic`juj`o y`ok m`p`t aiokb`otuf sisigr`ok ji a`s` miw`s`oy`. Aiokfok`t jgomfsf y`ok tip`t - m`o Irfjsgo pird`y` fof p`m` m`s`roy` aiafcfjf dujup ru`ok m`o w`jtu, agr`tgrfua psfjgsgsf`c, jitfj` sisigr`ok m`p`t miok`o lil`s lirijspirfaio m`o aiokijspcgr`sf - `p` y`ok auokjfo auoduc `m`c`b r`s` fmiotft`s y`ok ju`t, jis`m`r`o iagsfgo`c m`o aiom`c`a tiot`ok sf`p` mf` `m`c`b (Ttivios, 0624, bca. =2-9>).   Tipirtf p`m` t`b`p c`fo, jiju`t`o lfg-psfjg-sgsf`c sim`ok lijirh`. ]fm`j pimucf l`k`fa`o` sisigr`ok mflis`rj`o, sij`r`ok mfpfcfb`k`a uotuj` mfrfoy` siomfrf. Tirfokj`cf, aiok`r`b  p`m` jgoecfjfmigcgkf miok`o prfl`mf gr`ok miw`s` msisigr`ok iw`s` aiokio`f grfiot`sf `k`a` m`o pgcftfj . Lfm`ok c`fo mf fof a`o` ria`h` aiautusj`o uotuj mfrf airij` siomfrf `m`c`b pfcfb`o j`rfir airij`, m`o sirfokj`cf gr`ok tu` fokfo aiafcfjf aiafc fjf su`r` y`ok aioiotuj`o aioiotuj`o m`c`a pir`o ftu. Hfj` a`sy`r`j`t a`sy`r`j`t tirc`cu okgtgt, okgtgt, ria`h` ria`h` `j`o aioyituhuf jifokfo`o ijstiro`c, sid`r` ieijtfe aia`js`oy` uotuj 'aioyft`' p`m` ijspirfaio m`o, gcib j`rio` ftu, pioiau`o mfrf y`ok sih`tf. Titic`b sisigr`ok aiokiom`p p`m` p`om`ok`o muof` m`o  p`okkfc`o, `j`o mf` m`p`t uotuj aiokfotikr`sfj`o fof `spij m`rf miefofsf mfrf ji silu`b lir`k`a a`sy`r`j`t7 Aiourut uotuj Irfjsgo, jitfj` silu`b ria`h` tic`b sifal`ok l`fj pirspijtfe m`rf "@p` y`ok tic`b s`y` puoy`7" m`o "@p` y`ok s`y` s`y` `j`o ji c`juj`o miok`o ftu7" mf` `t`u mf` tic`b aiomfrfj`o airij` fmiotft`s (Krgss, 062;). Lirk`otuok p`m` t`b`p fof `m`c`b ju`cft`s ikg jisitf``ojia`apu`o uotuj aiapirt`b`oj`o cgy`cft`s y`ok mfh`ohfj`o miok`o lil`s tircip`s m`rf jgotr`mfjsf m`o jilfokuok`o sfstia ofc`f y`ok t`j tirbfom`rj`o (Ttivios, 0624). Aiokfok`t l`bw` t`b`p lirfjutoy` (Jifotfa`o) sirfok mft`om`f miok`o pirofj`b`o, l`oy`j y`ok tirkgm` uotuj aiok`jbfrf t`b`p jicfa` p`m` t`buo m`rf usf`. O`auo, fof usf` riot`ok y`ok silio`roy` dujup d`fr`o, tirut`a` uotuj p`r` piod`p`f`o m`rf fmiotft`s, j`rio` ftu auokjfo w`jtu  lirt`buo -t`buo uotuj uotuj aioh`mf aialuaf, uotuj aio aiokfmiotfefj`sf kfmiotfefj`sf p`r` p`r` glhij m`rf sisigr`ok jisitf``o, jisitf``o, uotuj uotu j air`s` l`bw` s`c`b s`tu tic`b "m`t`ok "m`t`ok m`rf usf`". Mf m`c`a m`c`a lfgkr`ef lfgkr`ef  Aum` A`o Cutbir m`o  Jilio`r`o K`ombf , Irfjsgo aioit`pj`o l`bw` jrfsfs airij` lir`jbfr p`m` usf` , a`sfoka`sfok. Irfjsgo tfm`j aiod`t`t l`bw` a`s` jrfsfs Fmiotft`s uotuj gr`ok-gr`ok kiofus sirfok lirjip`oh`ok`o. Mf` cilfb c`ohut aiod`t`t l`bw` m`c`a a`sy`r`j`t fomustrf jft` , pialiotuj`o fmiotft`s diomiruok c`a`, j`rio` lutub w`jtu c`a` l`kf jft` uotuj aiapirgcib jitir`apfc`o y`ok mflutubj`o uotuj  tuk`s-tuk`s miw`s` mf muof` tijogcgkf jft`. H`mf ... jft` tfm`j aiafcfjf riot`ok w`jtu y`ok tip`t uotuj  aioiauj`o mfrf jft` siomfrf. Fof tfm`j tirh`mf sid`r` gtga`tfs mf mic`p`o lic`s `t`u mf mu` pucub s`tu. Tilu`b s`ok`t pirjfr``o `tur`o m`rf pr`jtfs uotuj j`af a`sy`r`j`t `j`o aioiap`tj`o p`m` `jbfr  su`tu tiap`t mf s`tu mu` pucub`o (Krgss, 062;).

Dfot`8 Jifotfa`o vs. Fsgc`sf (A`s` Miw`s` Mfof, -46 t`buo)

 ^irt`oy``o Ijsfstiosf`c8 Ijsfstiosf`c8 M`p`tj`b T`y` Tuj`7

 

 

]bi Fotfa`dy vs Fsgc`tfgo jgoecfj y`ok mftij`oj`o mf sijft`r y`ok usf` m`rf 4>. ^`m` s`tu `w`c m`rf fof  p`okkuok, fmiotft`s vs pir`o jilfokuok`o `j`o m`t`ok ji silu`b `jbfr, aisjfpuo a`sfb tit`p bfmup mf m`s`r t`b`p (Irfjsgo, 069>). Miw`s` aum` a`sfb lirsia`ok`t uotuj aia`muj`o fmiotft`s airij` miok`o tia`o-tia`o. Airij` fokfo aioyisu`fj`o mfrf. Irfjsgo pird`y` jft` j`m`ok-j`m`ok tirfsgc`sf j`rio` jifotfa`o. J`af t`jut `j`o piogc`j`o sipirtf mftgc`j `t`u aftr` j`af putus miok`o j`af. Jft` `jr`l miok`o r`s` s`jft m`o l`kf sil`kf`o m`rf jft` piogc`j`o ftu likftu aioy`jftj`o sibfokk` ikg jft` tfm`j t`b`o . Irfjsgo huk` lirpiom`p`t l`bw` "Jifotfa`o aiafcfjf silu`b aftr`8 Mfst`otf`tfgo8 y`ok jisf`p`o uotuj aiokfsgc`sf m`o hfj` pircu, uotuj aiokb`odurj`o gr`ok- p`suj`o m`o gr`ok y`ok fotfoy` t`ap`joy` lirl`b`y` uotuj jft` siomfrf, m`o y`ok wfc`y`boy` t`ap`joy` aiokk`okku  p`m` sih`ub a`o` buluok`o buluok`o fotfa sisigr`ok" (Irfjsgo (Irfjsgo , 069>, bca. -5= t`buo)  ^irt`oy``o Ijsfstiosf`c8 Ijsfstiosf`c8 M`p`tj`b T`y` Aiokbftuok Jib Jibfmup`o fmup`o T`y`7  

Kioir`tfvft`s `m`c`b jipimucf`o aialfalfok kioir`sf lirfjutoy`. ^ijirh``o m`o mfsfpcfo fcau y`ok mfb`rk`f sid`r` sgsf`c `m`c`b ijsprisf m`rf kioir`tfvft`s. ]bi miw`s` t`b`p m`rf kioir`tfvfty aiafcfjf cu`s `pcfj`sf `pcfjy`ok `sf uotuj uotu j jicu`rk` jicumf `rk`, , buluok`o buluok`o,m`o , pijirh``o, pijir h``o, m`o a`sy`r`j`t a`sy` r`j`t.. "Kioir`tfv "Kioi r`tfvfty fty,... , a`j` `m`c`b `m`c`b tirut`a` pirb`tf`o aial`okuo aialfalfok p`r` lirfjutoy` kioir`sf y`ok jgosip tirsilut mfa`jsumj`o uotuj aioyirt`j`o ... prgmujtfvft`s m`o jri`tfvft`s" jri`tfvft`s" (Irfjsgo, 069>, bca. ). Tic`a` tiok`b Tic`a` tiok`b usf` usf` y`ok y`ok ut`a` ut`a` pirjia pirjial`o l`ok` k`o o tuk`s tuk`s `m`c`b `m`c`b s`c s`c`b `b s`t s`tu u m`rf m`rf jgotrf jgotrflus lusff uo uotuj  tuj  a`sy`r a`s y`r`j` `j`tt m`o aial`o aial`otu tu uotuj uotuj aia`om aia`omu u a`s` a`s` mip`o mip`o kioir` kioir`sf. sf. Jit Jitfj` fj` sisigr sisigr`ok `ok aialu` aialu`tt jgotrflusf sic`a` pirfgmi fof, auokjfo miok`o aio`fjj`o jicu`rk` `t`u lijirh` ji `r`b jia`hu`o a`sy`r a`s y`r`j` `j`t, t, silu`b silu`b r`s` r`s` m`rf m`rf kioir` kioir`tfv tfvfty fty-` -` r`s` r`s` m`rf m`rf prg prgmuj mujtfv tfvft` ft`ss m`o prist` prist`sf sf-b` -b`sfc sfc.. M`c M`c`a `a Til`cfjoy`, sigr`ok gr`ok y`ok `m`c`b ikgfs m`o a`apu `t`u tfm`j a`u uotuj aial`otu a`sy`r`j`t  lirkir`j a`hu aiokial`okj`o pir`s``o st`ko`sf-jitfm`jpu`s`o st`ko`sf-jitfm`jpu`s`o miok`o ric`tfe jur`okoy`  prgmujtfvft`s.. ]uk`s ut`a`  prgmujtfvft`s ut`a` m`rf gr`ok miw`s` aioiok`b `m`c`b uotuj8  

Ijsprisfj`o dfot` aic`cuf cilfb m`rf jgot`j sijsu`c . ^irt`b`oj`o pgc` bfmup sib`t .

Jial`okj`o r`s` pirs`tu`o miok`o hgmgb. L`otu `o`j-`o`j y`ok tualub m`o miw`s` uotuj aioh`mf gr`ok miw`s` y`ok  lirt`okkuok h`w`l . Aicip`sj`o pir`o siotr`c m`c`a jibfmup`o `o`j - `o`j y`ok sum`b miw`s` .  ]irfa` tia`o m`o tia`o `o`j-`o`j .  Lu`t rua`b y`ok oy`a`o .  L`okk`c`b miok`o prist`sf mfrf m`o p`s`ok`o.  Aial`cfjj`o pir`o miok`o gr`ok tu` y`ok aiou` .  Aiod`p`f t`okkuok h`w`l y`ok a`t`ok, sfpfc m`o sgsf`c .  Tisu`fj`o miok`o pirul`b`o efsfj usf` p`rub l`y`.  Kuo`j`o w`jtu cu`ok sid`r` jri`tfe.   

 Jilfh`js`o``o8 Ikg Ikg Fotikrft`s vs  Jiputus`s``o (Jimiw`s``o, (Jimiw`s``o, 59 Jia`tf`o) ^irt`oy``o ^irt`oy``o Ijsfstiosf`c8 Ijsfstiosf`c8  @p`j`b ]fm`j ]fm`j @p`-`p` ]ic`b ]ic`b  Aioh`mf T`y`7  

Ti Tipi pirt rtff y`ok y`ok jft` jft` tual tualub ub tu` tu` m`o m`o aioh` aioh`mf mf si siof ofgr gr y`ok y`ok w`rk w`rk`` oik` oik`r` r` jf jft` t` di diom omir iruo uok k uo uotu tuj  j  aiapirc`al`t l`w`b j`af prgmujtfvft`s m`o aiokijspcgr`sf jibfmup`o sil`k`f sigr`ok piosfuo`o gr`ok. B`c fof sic`a` fof w`jtu y`ok jft` airiouokj`o j`af prist`sf m`o y`ok a`apu uotuj  aiokial`okj`o fotikrft`s hfj` jft` aicfb`t mfrf jft` sil`k`f aiafapfo sujsis jibfmup`o. Hfj` jft` aicfb`t j`af bfmup sil`k`f tfm`j prgmujtfe, `t`u air`s` l`bw` jft` tfm`j tfm`j aiod`p`f j`af bfmup tuhu`o, tuhu `o, jft` aioh`mf tfm`j pu`s miok`o jibfmup` jibfmup`o o m`o aiokial`ok aiokial`okj`o j`o putus putus `s`, y`ok sirfok sirfok aiofalucj`o miprisf m`o putus `s`. ]bi pirjial`ok`o `jbfr tuk`s `m`c`b ritrgspijsf8 gr`ok aicfb`t jial`cf p`m` airij` bfmup m`o  prist`sf. Airij` aiokial`okj`o pir`s``o pu`s m`o fotikrft`s hfj` airij` pird`y` l`bw` airij` tic`b aioh`c`of jibfmup`o y`ok l`b`kf` m`o prgmujtfe. Airij` a`c`b lfs` aiokial`okj`o r`s`

 putus `s` hfj` airij` aicfb`t jial`cf jibfmup`o y`ok pioub jijidiw``o m`o tuhu`o y`ok tfm`j 

 

tird`p`f. ]`b`p fof m`p`t tirh`mf mf cu`r urut`o jitfj` sisigr`ok air`s` airij` aiomij`tf `jbfr  bfmupoy` (sipirtf jitfj` aioirfa` mf`kogsfs pioy`jft tirafo`c ). ]`b`p Jisialfc`o  

Hg`o Hg` o A. Irfjsg Irfjsgo, o, y`ok y`ok aiofj` aiofj`b b m`o lirjgc lirjgc`lg `lgr`s r`sff miok`o miok`o Irfj Irfj Irfjsg Irfjsgo, o, aio`al aio`al`bj `bj`o `o t`b`p t`b`p jisialfc`o m`c`a ]bi Cfei Dydci Dgapcitim8 Ixtiomim Uirsfgo (Irfjsgo & Irfjsgo, 0662). Bfmup mf t`b`p jisialfc`o, f` aioucfs, "usf` tu` mf t`buo mic`p`o pucub`o m`o sialfc`o pucub`o aial`w` sirt` tuotut`o l`ru, iv`cu`sf uc`ok, m`o jisucft`o sib`rf-b`rf" (Irfjsgo & Irfjsgo, 0662, b`c. =). Aiok`t`sf t`ot`ok`o l`ru fof aialutubj`o "piouohuj`o t`b`p jisialfc`o l`ru". Irfjsgo lirusf` sialfc`o pucub tfk` t`buo jitfj` mf` aioucfs tiot`ok t`b`p jisialfc`o (Irfjsgo & Irfjsgo, 0662, b`c. 0>9).   Hg`o Irfjsgo aiouohujj`o l`bw` siau` mic`p`o t`b`p "riciv`o m`o liruc`ok mf t`b`p jisialfc`o" (Aggoiy, >;, b`c. ;2). M`c`a sialfc`o t`b`p, y`ok psfjgsgsf`c jrfsfs m`rf y`ok mic`p`o t`b`p y`ok mfb`m`pf c`kf, t`pf miok`o y`ok qugtfiot urut`o tirl`cfj. Til`k`f dgotgb, p`m` t`b`p pirt`a` (l`yf), jrf jrfsfs sfs psfjg psfjgsgs sgsf`c f`c `m`c`b `m`c`b "Jipir "Jipird`y d`y``o ``o vs Jitfm` Jitfm`jpi jpird` rd`y`` y``o" o" miok`o miok`o Jipird Jipird`y` `y``o `o aio aioh`m h`mff "jidirm`s`o sfotgofj" m`o Jitfm`jpird`y``o aioh`mf "mf`tgofs" (Irfjsgo & Irfjsgo, 0662, b`c. 0>5). Hg`o Irfjsgo aioir`pj`o jrfsfs psfjgsgsf`c silicuaoy` ji t`b`p jisialfc`o sil`k`f lirfjut8

 



 Jitfm`jpird`y``o M`s`r vs Jipird`y``o8  Jitfm`jpird`y``o Jipird`y``o8 B`r`p`o ^`m` t`b`p jisialfc`o, "p`r` pio`tu` mfp`js` uotuj tfm`j aiapird`y`f jia`apu`o airij` siomfrf" j`rio` "tulub sisigr`ok p`stf aicia`b." O`auo, Hg`o Irfjsgo aioik`sj`o l`bw` "siaiot`r` `m` d`b`y`, `m`" b`r`p`o "uotuj" d`b`y` tir`ok m`o w`byu "(Irfjsgo & Irfjsgo, 0662, bca. 0>5-0>;).



 \`s` A`cuaiokb`m`pf m`o Jir`ku`o Jir`ku`o vs a`cu Gtgogaf8 Gtgogaf 8 [fcc ]itu` t`b`p jisialfc`o "r`s` j`rio` jibfc`ok`o jiom`cf" m`o air`kuj`o "gtgog "gt gogaf af airij` airij` `t`s `t`s tulub tulub airij` airij` siomfr siomfrf." f." H`m H`mff ftu `m`c`b `m`c`b "r`s` "r`s` a`cu a`cu m` m`o o jir`ku jir`ku`o `o aio`ot`ok mfb`rk`f gtgogaf" (Irfjsgo & Irfjsgo, 0662, bca. 0>;-0>2).  Foeirfgrft`s vs. vs. Fomustrf8 Jgapitiosf Jgapitiosf  Fomustrf Fomus trf sil`k`f sil`k`f "jiju`t`o "jiju`t`o piomgrgok" piomgrgok" y`ok mucu mfafcfjf mfafcfjf p`r` pio`tu` bfc`ok bfc`ok mf t`b`p jisialfc`o jisia lfc`o.. Aioh`mf Aioh`mf tfm`j tfm`j jgapitio jgapitio "j`rio` piou``o piou``o airiaibj`o airiaibj`o"" m`o aialu`t p`r`  pio`tu` "sipirtf `o`j-`o`j jidfc y`ok tfm`j l`b`kf` p`m` usf` y`ok bil`t" (Irfjsgo & Irfjsgo, 0662, b`c. 0>6).  Fmiotfty Dgoeusfgo Dgoeusfgo vs. Fmiotfty8 Efmicfty Efmicfty  ^io`tu ^io `tu`` aiok`c aiok`c`af `af jilfok jilfokuok uok`o `o tiot`o tiot`ok k "fmiot "fmiotft` ft`ss ijsfst ijsfstios iosf`c f`c"" airij` airij` p`m` p`m` t`b`p t`b`p jisialfc`o m`o "jitfm`jp`stf`o oy`t` tiot`ok st`tus m`o pir`o" (Irfjsgo & Irfjsgo, 0662, bca. 0>6-00>). 0>6-00>).  Fsgc`sf vs Jifotfa`o8 Jifotfa`o8 Dfot` 

Mf m`c`a sialfc`o t`b`p, "t`buo m`o dfot`" mfk`otf "fsgc "fsgc`sf `sf m`o jijur` jijur`ok ok`o. `o.""y`ok Buluo Buluok`o k`o m`rf aioh`m aiojifotfa`o h`mff "mfl`y "mfl`y`ok `okf f gcib gciby`ok jitfm` jitsirfok fm`ja` ja`apu apu`o `o gcib m`o jitirk`otuok`o jitirk`otuok `o l`ru" (Irfjsgo & Irfjsgo, 0662, bca. 00>-000). 00>-000). Tt`ko`sf vs. Kioir`tfvft`s8 ^imucf  ]bi kioir`tfv kioir`tfvfty fty m`c`a t`b`p jituhub jituhub "pijirh``o "pijirh``o m`o jicu`rk` jicu`rk` buluok`o" buluok`o" hfj` lirh`c`o aiau`sj`o, `m`c`b "w`jtu y`ok fom`b uotuj aioh`mf bfmup." M`c`a s`tu t`buo mic`p`o  pucub`o m`o sialfc`o pucub`o, `m` y`ok jur`ok ioirkf uotuj kioir`tfvfty `t`u ^I\@[ ^I\@ [@]@O. Miok`o Miok`o miafjf`o, miafjf`o, " r`s` st`ko`sf st`ko`sf auokjfo auokjfo aiok`alfc aiok`alfc `cfb" `cfb" (Irfjsgo (Irfjsgo & Irfjsgo, 0662, bca. 000-009-0=). Jidirm`s`o m`o lum`y`8 L`k`fa`o` lum`y` aialiotuj `p` `rtf jidirm`s`o, m`o fapcfj`sfoy` l`kf fcau jisih`btir``o. ]r`os`jsf efcgsgefs8 Fcau Lfgcgkf, 496 (0==6), 0=.0>62 / rstl.>=.090=  

[`tirbgusi, C. (>5). Lirl`k`f jidirm`s`o, ieij Agz`rt, m`o jidirm`s`o iagsfgo`c8 ]f ]foh`u`o oh`u`o jrftfs.  ^sfjgcgk ^iomfmfj`o, ^iomfmfj`o, =0 (=), 6, @prfc). Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//www.imutgpf`.grk/auctfpcibttp8//www.imutgpf`.grk/auc tfpci- foticcfkiodi- bgw`rm-k`rmoir bgw`rm-k`rmoir-vfmig -vfmig   Lfxcir, L. (om). Tilu`b prfair jidirm`s`o k`om`. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//www.pirsgo`c.psu.imu/st`ee/l/x/lxl00/AF/

 

 

Jgosip ji ru`ok jic`s8 Aia`oe``tj`o lirl`k`f jidirm`s`o. (om). Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//www.tbfrtiio.grk/img bttp8//www .tbfrtiio.grk/imgocfoi/dgodipt>0;). Cfa` pfjfr`o uotuj uotuj a`s` mip`o . Lgstgo, A@8 B`rv`rm Lusfoiss Tdbggc ^riss.   Ufmig m`o ]utgrf`c  

IP m`o Jurfjucua Iagsfgo`c. (>>). Mfpirgcib m`rf l`sfs m`t` Efca Lirm`s`rj`o ^irafot``o.

 

L@L 0>   ]`jsgogaf Lcgga  

^IOK@O]@\   

Lioh`afo T`auic Lcgga (0604-0666) c`bfr p`m` .0 m`o K`al`r 0>.>: K`al`r 0>.9, K`al`r 0>.5, & K`al`r 0>.;).



K`al`r 0>.0 Mga`fo Jgkoftfe y`ok Mfrivfsf

  K`al`r 0>.< Mga`fo Jgkoftfe @scf m`o \ivfsf  

t `jsgogaf `scf miok`o y`ok mfrivfsf. K`al`r 0>..4. 0>.4. K`al`r 0>.4 Civic Mga`fo Jgkoftfe @scf m`o \ivfsf miok`o Dgotgb m`o J`t` Juodf

    Mga`fo Jgkoftfe ]u` (@scf)   ]fokj`t

 

^iokit`bu`o 8 Fok`t m`t` `t`u foegra`sf.

Mga`fo Jgkoftfe L`ru (\ivfsf)

Dgotgb, J`t` Juodf   ]fokj`t (J`t` Jirh`), m`o Jikf`t`o m`o ]ijogcgkf ^ialic`h`r`o Dgotgb 8 Yd`pj`o   silu`b jilfh`j`o. B`rk`  pio`w`r`o m`rf aiagrf ji pic`okk`o. Jit`buf Aiokfok`t 8 Fok`t `tur`o ji`a`o`ooy`. `t`u `alfc ]iotuj`o su`tu fstfc`b. foegra`sf y`ok J`t`-j`t` juodf 8 mfpic`h`rf aiok`tur, silicuaoy`. aioit`pj`o, aiohic`sj`o, aiokfmiotfefj`sf, aiokit`buf, c`lic, m`et`r, jidgdgj`o, o`a`, k`rfs lis`r,  pio`rfj`o, aiokio`cf, airiprgmujsf, aiafcfb, aioy`t`j`o ]ijogcgkf 8  lggja`rj,

j`rtu ec`sb,fotiroit,  piod`rf`o aial`d`

Dgotgb, J`t` Juodf (J`t` Jirh`), m`o Jikf`t`o m`o ]ijogcgkf ^ialic`h`r`o Dgotgb 8 Yd`pj`o silu`b jilfh`j`o. B`rk` pio`w`r`o m`rf aiagrf ji pic`okk`o. L`d`c`b `tur`o jisic`a`t`o. J`t`-j`t` juodf 8 aiomiefofsfj`o, aiohic`sj`o, aiokfmiotfefj`sf, aiokit`buf, c`lic, m`et`r, jidgdgj`o, o`a`, aiokur`fj`o, aiokfok`t, airiprgmujsf, aiafcfb, aioy`t`j`o ]ijogcgkf 8  pio`om``o luju, j`rtu ec`sb, pialic`h`r`o b`e`c`o lirm`s`rj`o  piokuc`ok`o, aial`d`

 

 

^ia`b`a`o 8 Aia`b`af

a`jo`, tirhia`b`o, fotirpgc`sf, m`o fotirprit`sf fostrujsf m`o a`s`c`b. Oy`t`j`o a`s`c`b miok`o j`t`-j`t` siomfrf.

  @pcfj`sf 8 Kuo`j`o jgosip m`c`a sftu`sf  l`ru `t`u  piokkuo``o `lstr`jsf t`op` jgaprgaf. ]ir`pj`o `p` y`ok tic`b mfpic`h`rf mf jic`s ji m`c`a sftu`sf  l`ru mf tiap`t jirh`.

Dgotgb 8 Aioucfs uc`ok    prfosfp-prfosfp pioucfs`o pioucfs`o tis. Hic`sj`o miok`o j`t`-j`t` siomfrf Aia`b`af 8 c`okj`b-c`okj`b uotuj Aia`b`af aic`juj`o tuk`s y`ok a`jo`, jgapcijs. tirhia`b`o, Aioirhia`bj`o fotirpgc`sf, m`o  pirs`a``o ji fotirprit`sf m`c`a spri`msbiit fostrujsf m`o jgaputir. a`s`c`b. Oy`t`j`o J`t`-j`t` juodf 8 a`s`c`b miok`o aia`b`af, j`t`-j`t` siomfrf. aiokgovirsf, mf`kr`a, aialic`, aialim`j`o, aiapirjfr`j`o, aiohic`sj`o, aiapircu`s, aiokkioir`cfs`sfj`o,

Dgotgb 8 ]ucfs uc`ok  prfosfp-prfosfp pioucfs`o pioucfs`o tis. Hic`sj`o miok`o j`t`-j`t` siomfrf c`okj`b-c`okj`b uotuj aic`juj`o tuk`s y`ok jgapcijs. ]irhia`bj`o  pirs`a``o ji m`c`a spri`msbiit jgaputir. J`t`-j`t` juodf 8 aia`b`af, aiokgovirsf, aialic`, aialim`j`o, aiapirjfr`j`o, aiohic`sj`o, aiapircu`s, aiokkioir`cfs`sfj`o, aialirfj`o dgotgb, aioyfapucj`o, aio`esfrj`o,

aialirfj`o dgotgb, aioyfapucj`o, aio`esfrj`o, aiap`r`er`sij`o, aiaprimfjsf, aioucfs uc`ok, air`okjua, aioirhia`bj`o ]ijogcgkf 8 aialu`t `o`cgkf, lirp`rtfsfp`sf m`c`a jirh` s`a`  lic`h`r, aialu`t d`t`t`o, lirdirft` Dgotgb 8 Kuo`j`o a`ou`c uotuj

aiap`r`er`sij`o, aiaprimfjsf, aioucfs uc`ok, air`okjua, aioirhia`bj`o ]ijogcgkf 8 aialu`t `o`cgkf, lirp`rtfsfp`sf m`c`a pialic`h`r`o jggpir`tfe, aialu`t d`t`t`o, aiomgokiok,  piod`rf`o fotiroit

aiokbftuok w`jtu cflur`o j`ry`w`o. Aioir`pj`o bujua st`tfstfj uotuj aiokiv`cu`sf ji`om`c`o tis tirtucfs. J`t`-j`t` juodf 8  lirc`ju, pirul`b`o, bftuok, jgostruj,  pirtuohujj`o, tiauj`o, tiauj`o, a`ofpuc`sf, agmfefj`sf, gpir`sfj`o, primfjsf, sf`pj`o, prgmujsf, buluokj`o,

Dgotgb 8 Kuo`j`o a`ou`c uotuj aiokbftuok ^ioir`p`o 8 Kuo`j`o jgosip m`c`a sftu`sf l`ru `t`u piokkuo``o `lstr`jsf t`op` jgaprgaf. ]ir`pj`o `p` y`ok tic`b mfpic`h`rf mf jic`s ji m`c`a sftu`sf l`ru mf tiap`t jirh`.

w`jtu cflur`o j`ry`w`o. Aioir`pj`o bujua st`tfstfj uotuj aiokiv`cu`sf ji`om`c`o tis tirtucfs. J`t`-j`t` juodf 8  lirc`ju, pirul`b`o, bftuok, bftuok, jgostruj, tuohujj`o, tiauj`o, a`ofpuc`sf, agmfefj`sf, gpir`sfj`o,  primfjsf, sf`pj`o,  prgmujsf, j`ftj`o, tuohujj`o, sicis`fj`o, kuo`j`o ]ijogcgkf 8

 pirtuohujj`o, sicis`fj`o, kuo`j`o ]ijogcgkf 8 jgc`lgr`tfe   lic`h`r, aialu`t

 

 prgsis, lcgk, c`tfb`o

 pialic`h`r`o jgc`lgr`tfe, jgc`lgr`tfe,  lu`t prgsis, lcgk, pr`jtfj  pr`jtfj 

 

 

@o`cfsfs 8

^fs`bj`o l`b`o `t`u jgosip aioh`mf l`kf`o l`kf`o jgapgoio sibfokk` strujtur grk`ofs`sfoy` m`p`t mfp`b`af. Lim`j`o `ot`r` e`jt` m`o jisfapuc`o.

 

Tfotisfs 8 Aial`okuo strujtur `t`u  pgc` m`rf

 lirl`k`f iciaio. Aioy`tuj`o  l`kf`o-l`kf`o uotuj aialiotuj jisicurub`o, miok`o  pioij`o`o  p`m` aiodfpt`j`o a`jo` `t`u strujtur l`ru.

Dgotgb 8 Aiaid`bj`o a`s`c`b pir`c`t`o miok`o aiokkuo`j`o mimujsf cgkfs. Jio`cf jis`c`b`o cgkfs m`c`a liro`c`r.

  Aiok`o`cfsfs 8 ^fs`bj`o l`b`o

`t`u jgosip Aiokuapucj`o foegra`sf aioh`mf m`rf mip`rtiaio m`o  l`kf`o-l`kf`o aiafcfb tuk`s y`ok jgapgoio mfpircuj`o uotuj pic`tfb`o. sibfokk` J`t` Juodf 8 `o`cfsfs, strujtur  piokur`f`o, grk`ofs`sfoy`  pirl`omfok`o, m`p`t jgotr`s, mf`kr`a, mfp`b`af. aiomijgostrujsf, aialim`j`o, aialim`j`o, Lim`j`o `ot`r` e`jt` m`o aialim`j`o, jisfapuc`o. aiokfmiotfefj`sf, aiokfcustr`sfj`o, aioyfapucj`o, aiokur`fj`o, aiok`ftj`o, aiafcfb, aiafs`bj`o ]ijogcgkf 8 efsblgwc,  lirmil`t, aiapirt`oy`j`o `p` tirh`mf, h`c`oj`o tis Dgotgb 8 ]ucfs gpir`sf    pirus`b``o `t`u a`ou`c  prgsis. Mis`fo aisfo uotuj aic`juj`o tuk`s tirtiotu. Aiokfotikr`sfj`o  pic`tfb`o m`rf lilir`p` lilir`p` sualir uotuj Aiokiv`cu`sf 8 aioyicis`fj`o a`s`c`b. Aialu`t Airivfsf m`o aiaprgsis  piofc`f`o uotuj aiofokj`tj`o b`sfc. tiot`ok ofc`f fmi J`t`-j`t` juodf 8 `t`u l`b`o. aiokj`tikgrfj`o, aiokk`luokj`o, aiokjgapfc`sf, aioyusuo, aialu`t, aioyusuo, air`od`ok, aiohic`sj`o, aiokb`sfcj`o, aiagmfefj`sf, aiok`tur, airiod`o`j`o, aioyusuo uc`ok, airijgostrujsf, aiokbuluokj`o, aiok`tur uc`ok, airivfsf, aioucfs

Dgotgb 8 Aiaid`bj`o a`s`c`b  pir`c`t`o miok`o aiokkuo`j`o aiokkuo`j`o mimujsf cgkfs. Jio`cf jis`c`b`o cgkfs m`c`a liro`c`r. Aiokuapucj`o foegra`sf m`rf

mip`rtiaio m`o aiafcfb tuk`s y`ok mfpircuj`o uotuj  pic`tfb`o. J`t` Juodf 8 aiok`o`cfs`, aiaid`b, aial`omfokj`o, jgotr`s, mf`kr`a, aiomijgostrujsf, aialim`j`o, aialim`j`o, aialim`j`o, aiokfmiotfefj`sf, aiokfcustr`sfj`o, aioyfapucj`o, aiokur`fj`o, aiok`ftj`o, aiokbuluokj`o, aiafcfb, aiafs`bj`o ]ijogcgkf 8 efsblgwc,  lirmil`t, aiapirt`oy`j`o `p` `p` y`ok tirh`mf, aioh`c`oj`o tis

Dgotgb 8 ^fcfb sgcusf y`ok  p`cfok ieijtfe. ^ijirh`j`o ^ijirh`j`o j`omfm`t y`ok p`cfok  lirju`cft`s. Hic`sj`o Hic`sj`o m`o  lio`rj`o `okk`r`o l`ru. l`ru. J`t`-j`t` juodf 8 aiofc`f, aial`omfokj`o, aioyfapucj`o, aial`omfokj`o, aiokjrftfj, aiokjrftfj, aialic`, aiohic`sj`o, aiomfsjrfafo`sf, aiokiv`cu`sf, aiohic`sj`o, aiokfotirprit`sfj`o, aialio`rj`o, aiok`ftj`o, air`okjua, aiomujuok ]ijogcgkf 8 survif,  lcgkkfok

uc`ok, air`okjua, aialirf t`bu, aioucfs ]ijogcgkf 8 is`f, h`rfok`o

 

Dgotgb 8 ]ucfs gpir`sf Dgotgb 8 ^fcfb sgcusf y`ok    pirus`b``o `t`u a`ou`c prgsis. prgsis.  p`cfok ieijtfe. ^ijirh`j`o Mis`fo aisfo uotuj aic`juj`o j`omfm`t y`ok p`cfok Aiodfpt`j`o 8 tuk`s tirtiotu. Fotikr`sfj`o  lirju`cft`s. Hic`sj`o m`o Aial`okuo  pic`tfb`o m`rf lilir`p` lilir`p` sualir   lio`rj`o `okk`r`o l`ru. strujtur `t`u uotuj aioyicis`fj`o a`s`c`b. J`t`-j`t` juodf 8 aiofc`f, Iv`cu`sf 8 Lu`t  pgc` m`rf Airivfsf m`o aiaprgsis uotuj  aial`omfokj`o,  lirl`k`f iciaio.  piofc`f`o tiot`ok aiofokj`tj`o b`sfcoy`. J`t`aioyfapucj`o, Aioy`tuj`o ofc`f fmi `t`u j`t` juodf 8 aiokj`tikgrfj`o, aial`omfokj`o,  l`b`o.  l`kf`o-l`kf`o aiokk`luokj`o, aioyusuo, aiokjrftfj, aiokjrftfj, uotuj aioyusuo, aialu`t, aialic`, aiohic`sj`o, aialiotuj aioyusuo, air`od`ok, aiomfsjrfafo`sf, jisicurub`o, aiohic`sj`o, aiokb`sfcj`o, aiokiv`cu`sf, aiohic`sj`o, miok`o aiagmfefj`sf, aiok`tur, aiok`tur, aiokfotirprit`sfj`o,  pioij`o`o p`m` airiod`o`j`o, aioyusuo aialio`rj`o, aiok`ftj`o, aiodfpt`j`o uc`ok, airijgostrujsf, air`okjua, aiomujuok a`jo` `t`u aiokbuluokj`o, aiok`tur ]ijogcgkf 8 survif, lcgkkfok strujtur l`ru. uc`ok, airivfsf, aioucfs uc`ok, airfokj`s, aialirf t`bu,

 

aioucfs ]ijogcgkf 8 lu`t agmic  l`ru, tucfs is`f, h`rfok`o h`rfok`o miok`o y`ok c`fo

 

 ^rgsis Jgkoftfe Jgkoftfe m`o ]fokj`t ]fokj`t A`trfjs ^iokit`bu`o ^iokit`bu`o  

\ivfsf ]`jsgogaf Lcgga tfm`j b`oy` aiofokj`tj`o jikuo``ooy` miok`o aiokkuo`j`o j`t`-j`t` tfom`j`o, tit`pf aio`al`bj`o Mfaiosf ^rgsis Jgkoftfe m`o A`trfjs Mfaiosf ^iokit`bu`o (K`al`r  0>.=). 0>. =). Tiaiot Tiaiot`r` `r` Lcgga Lcgga `sc `scff jgkoft jgkoftfe fe t`j t`jsgo sgogaf gaf aic`ju aic`juj`o j`o aioyil aioyilutj utj`o `o tfk tfk`` tfo tfokj` kj`tt m`rf m`rf  piokit`bu`o `t`u prgmuj y`ok lfs` aioh`mf mfprgsis, airij` y`ok tfm`j mfl`b`s s`ok`t l`oy`j m`o tit`p s`tu mfaiosf8 E`jtu`c 8 Iciaio m`s`r y`ok b`rus mfjit`buf sfsw` uotuj lirjio`c`o miok`o mfsfpcfo `t`u aiaid`bj`o a`s`c`b. Jgosiptu`c 8 Jitirj`ft`o mf `ot`r` iciaio-iciaio m`s`r m`c`a strujtur y`ok  cilfb lis`r y`ok aiauokjfoj`o airij` lireuoksf lirs`a`. ^rgsimur`c8 D`r` aic`juj`o sisu`tu, aitgmi pioyicfmfj`o, m`o jrftirf` uotuj  aiokkuo`j`o jitir`apfc`o, `ckgrfta`, tijofj, m`o aitgmi. 

 

M`c`a virsf rivfsf Jr`tbwgbc m`o @omirsgo (>0), pioucfs aiokk`luokj`o prgsis jgkoftfe miok`o tfk` tfokj`t piokit`bu`o mf `t`s uotuj aialiotuj a`trfjs. Tic`fo ftu, airij` aio`al`bj`o tfokj`t piokit`bu`o-ait`jgkofsf c`fo8   Ait`jgkoftfe 8 ^iokit`bu`o tiot`ok jgkofsf sid`r` uaua, sirt` jis`m`r`o m`o  piokit`bu`o tiot`ok jgkofsf sisigr`ok. sisigr`ok. 

Jitfj` mfaiosf jgkoftfe m`o piokit`bu`o mfsusuo m`c`a a`trfjs, sipirtf y`ok mftuohujj`o mf l`w`b fof, ftu aialu`t l`otu`o jfoirh` y`ok l`kus uotuj aiodfpt`j`o tuhu`o jfoirh` (K`al`r 0>.=).

  K`al`r 0>.= Mfaiosf ^rgsis Jgkoftfe m`o Mfaiosf ^iokit`bu`o A`trfjs

  Mfaiosf ^rgsis Jgkoftfe  Mfaiosf ^iokit`bu`o  Oy`t`

Fok`t

Aia`b`af

Aioir`pj`o

Aiok`o`cfs`

Iv`cu`sf

Aialu`t

   

Jgosiptu`c ^rgsimur`c

 

Ait`jgkoftfe 

 

 O`auo, y`ok c`fo huk` tic`b tic`b aiokfmiotfefj`sf aiokfmiotfefj`sf cfa` fsf `t`u `rtie`j (Dc`rj & Dbgpit`, >=: Dc` Dc`rj rj & A`yir, >;) uotuj mfaiosf piokit`bu`o (K`al`r 0>.9)8   E`jt` 8 M`t` `t`u dgotgb spisfefj m`o uofj . Jgosip 8 Tilu`b jic`s m`rf ftia, j`t`, `t`u fmi-fmi y`ok sim`ok mfjio`c gcib sigr`ok  uaua o`a`, tira`suj lilir`p` y`ok spisfefj dgotgb, s`b`a eftur-eftur uaua. @m` mu` hiofs jgosip8 jgojrit m`o `lstr`j. ^rgsis 8 @cur `d`r` `t`u jikf`t`o y`ok aiokk`al`rj`o d`r` jirh` m`o luj`o d`r`  aic`juj`o sisu`tu. Lf`s`oy` `m` mu` hiofs8 prgsis lfsofs y`ok aiokk`al`rj`o `cfr`o jirh` m`o prgsis tijofs y`ok aiokk`al`rj`o d`r` jirh` pir`c`t`o `t`u sfe`t. Airij` auokjfo 

mf`okk`p sil`k`f k`al`r`o lis`r, tiot`ok l`k`fa`o` sisu`tu lijirh`. ^rgsimur 8 Tir`okj`f`o tfom`j`o m`o jiputus`o c`okj`b miaf c`okj`b y`ok  aiokb`sfcj`o piod`p`f`o su`tu tuk`s. @m` mu` hiofs tfom`j`o8 cfofir m`o lird`l`ok.

 

^rfosfp 8 ^imga`o, `tur`o, m`o p`r`aitir y`ok aiok`tur. Fof tfm`j b`oy` aiod`jup `p` y`ok b`rus mfc`juj`o, tit`pf huk` `p` y`ok tfm`j lgcib mfc`juj`o. ^rfosfp aiauokjfoj`o s`t s`tu u uotuj uotuj aialu aialu`t `t primfj primfjsf sf m`o aio`rf aio`rfj j fapcfj fapcfj`sf `sf.. Aiokfo Aiokfok`t k`t silu`b silu`b ieij, ieij, s`t s`tu u m`p`t m`p`t aioyfapucj`o pioyil`l m`rf su`tu eiogaio`. ^rfosfp-prfosfp y`ok s`tu m`s`r l`okuo`o lcgj  m`rf j`us`c agmic `t`u tigrf agmic (tigrf).



Miok`o miafjf`o, Mfaiosf ^rgsis Jgkoftfe m`o Mfaiosf ^iokit`bu`o A`trfjs l`ru `j`o tircfb`t sipirtf y`ok mftuohujj`o p`m` K`al`r 0>.9.

 

K`al`r 0>.9 \ivfsf Mfaiosf ^rgsis Jgkoftfe m`o A`trfjs Mfaiosf ^iokit`bu`o

  Mfaiosf ^rgsis Jgkoftfe  Mfaiosf

Fok`t

^iokit`bu`o E`jt`

 

Jgosip

 

^rgsis

 

^rgsimur 

 

^rfosfp

 

Ait`jgkoftfe 

 

Aia`b`af

Aioir`pj`o

Aiok`o`cfs`

Iv`cu`sf

Aialu`t

Dgotgb a`trfjs y`ok tic`b mffsf `j`o tircfb`t sipirtf K`al`r 0>.58

  K`al`r 0>.5 Mffsf Mfaiosf ^rgsis Jgkoftfe m`o Mfaiosf ^iokit`bu`o A`trfjs

  Mfaiosf ^rgsis Jgkoftfe  Aia`b`a Aioir`pj  Aiok`o`cf f `o s`

Mfaiosf ^iokit`bu `o E`jt`

Fok`t

Iv`cu`sf

Aialu`t

m`et`r

p`r`er`si

aiokkgcgok j`o

k`rfs lis`r

p`okj`t

Jgosip

 pio`rfj`o

aiohic`sj`o

aiouohujj`o

jgotr`s

aiokjrftfj

^rgsis

k`rf `rfs li liss`r

aiapirjfr fr``j  `o

aiokb`sfcj` o

mf`kr`a

aialic`

Mis`fo

^rgsimur 

airiprgmu jsf

 lirfj`o dgotgb

 lirbuluok`o

aiokio`cf

jrftfj

riod` o`

^rfosfp

oik`r`

aiokul`b

aiaid`bj`o

aialim`j`o

aioyfapucj   `o

airivfsf

Ait`jgkof tfe 

 piokkuo`` o y`ok tip`t

aio`esfrj`o

aioiauj`o

aiok`alfc jisfapuc`o

air`a`c `a`cj j`o

aiokj`tikgrfj   `o aiagmfefj`s f

aiwuhum humj`o

  ]bi ^sydbgagtgr Mga`fo (Dc`rj, 09l)   Mga`fo Mga`f o psfjgagt psfjgagtgrfj grfj (Tfapsgo, (Tfapsgo, 06;.;) aiod` aiod`jup jup kir`j`o kir`j`o efsf efsfj, j, jggrmfo`sf jggrmfo`sf,, m`o  piokkuo``o `ri` jitir`apfc`o agtgrfj . ^iokial`ok`o m`rf fof jitir`apfc`o aialutubj`o c`tfb`o m`o fof mfujur m`c`a b`c m`rf jidip`t`o, jitip`t`o, h`r`j, prgsimur, `t`u tijofj ijsijusf. Miok`o miafjf`o, jitir`apfc`o psfjgagtgrfj aiok`auj m`rf tuk`s-tuk`s a`ou`c, sipirtf aiokk`cf p`rft `t`u aiodudf aglfc, bfokk` tuk`s y`ok cilfb jgapcijs, sipirtf aiokgpir`sfj`o aisfo y`ok ruaft `t`u aio`rf. K`al`r 0>.; Civic Mga`fo ^sydbgagtgr 

 

]uhub ]uhub tokj` u`a` (K`al`r 0>.2) mfm`e`r m`rf pirfc`ju p`cfok simirb`o` bfokk` p`cfok jgapcijss (Tfapsgo, 06;.2 ]fokj` Mga`fo ^sfjgaggrfj miok`o Dgogb m`o jgapcij J`` Juodf gcib Tfapsgo (06;) (K`al`r 0>.6) m`o B`rrgw (06;.0>)8  

K`al`r 0>.6 Civic Mga`fo ^sydbgagtgr miok`o Dgotgb m`o J`t` Juodf gcib M`vi (06;>)

  ]fokj`t Faft`sf 8 Aiok`a`tf m`o aialiotuj pgc`  pirfc`ju sitic`b gr`ok gr`ok c`fo. Jfoirh` auokjfo  lirju`cft`s riom`b.

A`ofpuc`sf 8 A`apu aic`juj`o tfom`j`o tirtiotu miok`o fok`t`o `t`u aiokfjutf fostrujsf.

^risfsf 8 Aiapirl`fjf, aioh`mf cilfb tip`t. Aic`juj`o jitir`apfc`o m`c`a tfokj`t  prisfsf y`ok tfokkf. tfokkf.

@rtfjuc`sf 8 Aiokjggrmfo`sfj`o m`o aiok`m`pt`sf sir`okj`f`o tfom`j`o uotuj aiod`p`f b`ragof m`o jgosfstiosf fotiro`c.

O`tur`cfs`sf 8 Aioku`s`f jfoirh` tfokj`t tfokkf bfokk` aioh`mf sfe`t jimu` `t`u `c`af, t`op`  pircu tirc`cu aiafjfrj`ooy`. aiafjfrj`ooy`.

Dgotgb m`o J`t` Juodf (J`t` Jirh`) Dgotgb 8 Aioy`cfo silu`b j`ry` siof. ^irtuohuj`o jitir`apfc`o s`alfc aiok`a`tf sigr`ok miagostr`o. J`t`-j`t` juodf 8 aioy`cfo, aiokfjutf, aiofru, uc`okf, airipcfj`sf, airiprgmujsf, aic`d`j  Dgotgb 8 A`apu aic`juj`o jitir`apfc`o siomfrf sitic`b aiok`alfc pic`h`r`o `t`u aial`d` tiot`ok ftu. Fjutf fostrujsf uotuj aial`okuo agmic. J`t` Juodf 8 lirtfom`j, aial`okuo, aiokijsijusf, aic`juj`o Dgotgb 8 Lijirh` m`o aiokirh`j`o uc`ok sisu`tu, h`mf ftu `j`o "tip`t". Aic`juj`o jitir`apfc`o `t`u tuk`s t`op` l`otu`o. Aiomiagostr`sfj`o tuk`s ji piauc`. J`t` Juodf 8 aiokj`cflr`sf, aiouohujj`o, aioku`s`f, jisiapuro``o Aiokk`lu `luokj okj`o `o sir`ok sir`okj`f j`f`o `o Dgotgb 8 Aiokk jitir` jit ir`apf apfc`o c`o uo uotuj tuj aiokb` aiokb`sfc sfcj`o j`o vfmig vfmig y`ok y`ok aicf aicfl` l`tj tj`o `o ausf ausfj, j, mr mr`a `a`, `, w`ro w`ro`, `, su su`r` `r`,, mcc. mcc. Aio Aiokk` kk`luo luokj kj`o `o sir`ok sir`okj`f j`f`o `o

jitir`apfc`ol`ru. `t`u jikf`t`o uotuj aiaioubf  pirsy`r`t`o J`t` Juodf 8 lir`m`pt`sf, aialu`t, aiokk`luokj`o,, aialu`t, aioyisu`fj`o, aiokk`luokj`o aiagmfefj`sf, airuausj`o Dgotgb 8 A`ouvir aglfc ji tiap`t p`rjfr  p`r`cic y`ok jit`t. jit`t. Aiokgpir`sfj`o jgaputir miok`o dip`t m`o `jur`t. Aio`apfcj`o jgapitiosf s``t lira`fo  pf`og. Afdb`ic Hgrm`o lira`fo lgc` l`sjit `t`u O`ody Cgpiz aiaujuc lgc` kgce. J`t` Juodf 8 aialu`t, air`od`ok, aiokial`okj`o, aiodfpt`j`o, aiokicgc`, sid`r` `c`af

 

K`al`r 0>.0> Civic Mga`fo ^sydbgagtgr miok`o Dgotgb m`o J`t` Juodf gcib B`rrgw (06;.00 & K`al`r 0>.0.00 Civic Mga`fo @eijtfe 

  K`al`r 0>.0< Civic Mga`fo @eijtfe miok`o Dgotgb m`o J`t` Juodf  

]fokj`t Aioirfa` Eiogaio` 8 Jis`m`r`o, jisimf``o

uotuj aiomiok`r, pirb`tf`o tirpfcfb.

Aio`okk`pf Eiogaio` 8 ^`rtfsfp`sf `jtfe p`m`  l`kf`o m`rf pisirt` mfmfj. mfmfj. B`mfr m`o liri`jsf tirb`m`p eiogaio` tirtiotu. B`sfc pialic`h`r`o m`p`t aioij`oj`o jip`tub`o m`c`a airispgos, jia`u`o uotuj airispgos, `t`u jipu`s`o m`c`a aio`okk`pf (agtfv`sf).

Dgotgb m`o J`t` Juodf (J`t` Jirh`) Dgotgb 8 Miok`rj`o gr`ok c`fo miok`o bgra`t.

Miok`rj`o m`o fok`t o`a` gr`ok y`ok l`ru mfpirjio`cj`o. J`t` Juodf 8 aiok`juf, lirt`oy`, aiokfjutf, aialirf, aiomiok`rj`o, aiokirtf Dgotgb 8 Lirp`rtfsfp`sf m`c`a mfsjusf jic`s. Lirfj`o silu`b prisiot`sf. Aiapirt`oy`j`o dft`-dft`, jgosip, agmic, mcc. L`ru uotuj aia`b`af airij` sipiouboy`. Jit`buf  pir`tur`o jisic`a`t`o m`o m`o c`tfbc`b. J`t`-j`t` juodf 8 h`w`l`o, l`otu`o, l`otu`o, jip`tub`o, jip`tub`o, mfsjusf, s`c`a, l`otu`o, c`lic, pirtuohuj`o, b`mf`b, aialirf t`bu

 

Aiofc`f 8 Ofc`f `t`u ofc`f y`ok mfc`apfrj`o sisigr`ok p`m` glhij, eiogaio`, `t`u pirfc`ju tirtiotu. Fof lirjfs`r m`rf pioirfa``o simirb`o` bfokk` jgaftaio y`ok cilfb jgapcijs. ^iofc`f`o mfm`s`rj`o p`m` fotiro`cfs`sf sipir`okj`t ofc`f y`ok

Dgotgb 8 ]uohujj`o jipird`y``o p`m` prgsis miagjr`sf. ^ij` tirb`m`p pirlim``o fomfvfmu m`o lum`y` (jir`k`a`o ofc`f). ]uohujj`o jia`apu`o uotuj aiaid`bj`o a`s`c`b. Ysucj`o silu`b riod`o` uotuj pirl`fj`o sgsf`c

mftiotuj`o , siaiot`r` pituohuj uotuj ofc`f-ofc`f fof mfijsprisfj`o m`c`a pirfc`ju tirluj` pic`h`r m`o sirfok m`p`t mffmiotfefj`sf. mffmiotfefj`sf.

m`o tfom`j c`ohutf miok`o jgaftaio. Aiokfoegra`sfj`o a`o`hiaio tiot`ok b`c-b`c y`ok s`ok`t mfr`s`j`o sisigr`ok. J`t`-j`t` juodf 8 aiokb`rk`f, aiokb`rk`f, b`rt`, aiomiagostr`sfj`o, aiauc`f, aiokuom`ok, lirk`luok, aialio`rj`o, aiokusucj`o, aiokbgra`tf, lirl`kf Dgotgb 8 Aiokio`cf pircuoy` jisifal`ok`o `ot`r` jilil`s`o m`o pirfc`ju y`ok  lirt`okkuok h`w`l. h`w`l. Hic`sj`o pir`o  piriod`o``o sfstia`tfs sfstia`tfs m`c`a aiaid`bj`o a`s`c`b. ]irfa` ]irfa` st`om`r itfj` prgeisfgo`c. Lu`t riod`o` jibfmup`o y`ok sic`r`s miok`o

^iokgrk`ofs`sf`o 8 ^iokgrk`ofs`sf`o ofc`f aioh`mf prfgrft`s miok`o aial`omfokj`o a ial`omfokj`o ofc`fofc`f y`ok lirlim`, aioyicis`fj`o jgoecfj mf `ot`r` airij`, m`o aiodfpt`j`o sfstia ofc`f y`ok uofj. ^ioij`o`ooy` `m`c`b p`m` aial`omfokj`o, aiokbuluokj`o, m`o

aiosfotisfs ofc`f-ofc`f.

jia`apu`o, afo`t, m`o jipird`y``o. ^rfgrft`sj`o w`jtu sid`r` ieijtfe uotuj aiaioubf jilutub`o grk`ofs`sf, jicu`rk`, m`o mfrf. J`t` Juodf 8 aial`omfokj`o, aiokbuluokj`o, aiokbuluokj`o, aiosfotisfs

 

Ofc`f Fotiro`cfs`sf (j`r`jtirfs`sf)8 Aiafcfjf sfstia ofc`f y`ok aiokgotrgc  pirfc`ju airij`. ^irfc`ju fof airis`p, jgosfstio, m`p`t mfprimfjsf, m`o airup`j`o

j`r`jtirfstfj tirpiotfok m`rf pic`h`r. pic`h`r . pgc` ]uhu`o piok`h`r`o lirj`ft`o miok`o  pioyisu`f`o uaua sfsw` sfsw` (prfl`mf, sgsf`c, iagsfgo`c).

Dgotgb 8 ]uohujj`o jia`omfrf`o s``t lijirh` sid`r` a`omfrf. Lijirh` s`a` m`c`a jikf`t`o jicgapgj (aio`apfcj`o jirh` tfa). Kuo`j`o piomij`t`o glhijtfe m`c`a piaid`b`o a`s`c`b. ^ir`k`j`o jgaftaio  prgeisfgo`c uotuj pr`jtfj pr`jtfj itfs sitf`p b`rf. b`rf. Airivfsf

 piofc`f`o m`o aiokul`b pirfc`ju m`c`a tir`ok lujtf lujtf  l`ru. Ofc`f gr`ok uotuj `p` airij`, luj`o l`k`fa`o`  pio`apfc`o airij`. J`t`-j`t` juodf 8 tfom`j`o, mfsjrfafo`sf, t`apfc`o,  piok`rub, agmfefj`sf, jfoirh`, jfoirh`, ju`cfefj`sf,  pirt`oy``o, rivfsf, sirvfs, sirvfs, pioyicis`f`o, virfefj` virfefj`sf sf

 

Fapcfj`sf ^iomfmfj`o (Dc`rj, 09m)   Lic`h`r `t`u fostrujsfgo`c str`tikf aioiotuj`o y`ok piomij`t`o uotuj aiod`p`f y`ok lic`h`r tuhu`o m`o y`ok tira`suj m`c`a s`tu jikf`t`o pialic`h`r`o pr`, pioy`hf`o foegra`sf, jikf`t`o pisirt` mfmfj,  piokuhf`o, m`o tfom`j c`ohut. Ttr`tikf lf`s`oy` tirj`ft miok`o jilutub`o m`o afo`t sfsw` uotuj  aiofokj`tj`o pialic`h`r`o m`o mfm`s`rj`o p`m` l`oy`j hiofs k`y` lic`h`r (Ijwiosf, Agr`osjf, & ]gwosiom-Tw gwosiom-Twiit, iit, >5). >5). Miok`o Miok`o miafjf`o miafjf`o tuhu`o tuhu`o pialic`h`r pialic`h`r`o `o aiok`r`bj` aiok`r`bj`o o @om` ji str`tikf str`tikf  piok`h`r`o, sim`okj`o str`tikf pialic`h`r`o `j`o aiok`r`bj`o @om` ji aimf` y`ok `j`o aioy`a aio y`ap`f p`fj`o j`o `t`u `t`u aial`o aial`otu tu pioy`a pioy`ap`f p`f`o `o fostr fostrujs ujsf, f, sipirt sipirtff ici`ro ici`rofok fok,, lic lic`h` `h`rr a`omfr a`omfrf, f,  pialic`h`r`o mf jic`s, m`o jikf`t`o jikf`t`o piok`h`r`o, mcc. mcc. ]bi  Fostrujsfgo`c Ttr`tikf Ticijsf L`k`o (K`al`r 0>.04) mftuohujj`o mf l`w`b fof `m`c`b silu`b uaua pimga`o uotuj aiafcfb y`ok aiok`h`r m`o str`tikf lic`h`r. Fof mfm`s`rj`o p`m` ]`jsgogaf Lcgga (Mga`fo Lic`h`r). A`trfjs uauaoy` lirh`c`o m`rf aitgmi pialic`h`r`o p`sfe (l`rfs `t`s) ji aitgmi p`rtfsfp`sf y`ok cilfb `jtfe (l`rfs l`w`b). ]`jsgogaf Lcgga (j`o`o tfk` jgcga) lirh`c`o m`rf `t`s ji l`w`b, miok`o y`ok cilfb riom`b tfokj`t pirfc`ju y`ok mf `t`s m`o y`ok cilfb tfokkf pirfc`ju y`ok mf m`c`a l`w`b. @rtfoy`, `m` jgric`sf c`oksuok m`c`a pialic`h`r`o8 ]fokj`t jfoirh` y`ok cilfb riom`b lf`s`oy` m`p`t mf`h`rj`o miok`o aiokkuo`j`o aitgmi  pialic`h`r`o y`ok cilfb p`sfe . 

]fokj`t jfoirh` y`ok cilfb tfokkf lf`s`oy` aialutubj`o sia`d`a tfom`j`o `t`u jitircfl`t`o gcib pisirt` mfmfj.

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K`al`r 0>.04 Mf`kr`a Ticijsf Ttr`tikf ^ialic`h`r`o

  Ttr`tikf ^iok`h`r`o

Dir`a`b, aial`d`, `umfg / vfsu`c, miagostr`sf, `t`u glsirv`sf tirlfalfok,  pirfgmi t`oy` h`w`l.

Mga`fo Jgkoftfe  (Lcgga, 0695)

0. ^iokit`bu`o (Aiokfok`t)

Mga`fo ^sfjgagtgr (Tfapsgo, 06;0), m`o t`jsgogaf mfl`okuo jial`cf p`m` h`cur y`ok cilfb sfstia`tfs. Tid`r` uaua mf`okk`p l`bw` pir`o y`ok mfa`foj`o t`jsgogaf m`c`a aiosfstia`tfs`sf su`tu lfm`ok cilfb piotfok m`rfp`m` jur`okoy` jij`ju`o y`ok mfr`s`j`o m`c`a pial`okuo`ooy`. Lilir`p` jrftfj tirb`m`p mga`fo jgkoftfe t`jsgogaf aiok`juf jilir`m``o io`a j`tikgrf mga`fo jgkof jgk oftfe tfe tit`pf tit`pf aiapir aiapirt`o t`oy`j y`j`o `o jilir` jilir`m`` m``o o buluok buluok`o `o bfir`r bfir`rjf jf y`ok y`ok liruru lirurut`o t`o ( ^`uc ^`uc,, 0664). 0664). Tirfokj`cf, piomfmfj aia`om`ok t`jsgogaf sil`k`f bfir`rjf m`o auokjfo sid`r` jicfru aiok`okk`p tfokj`t tiriom`b sil`k`f piok`h`r`o y`ok tfm`j c`y`j ( Ec`ooiry, >;: C`wcir, 05). ^ialic`h`r`o tfokj`t l`w`b aiauokjfoj`o pial`okuo`o jitir`apfc`o mf tfokj`t t`jsgogaf y`ok cilfb tfokkf, m`o mf lilir`p` lfm`ok, jitir`apfc`o y`ok p`cfok piotfok `m`c`b mf tfokj`t y`ok cilfb riom`b, sipirtf fmiotfefj`sf spisfis t`o`a`o m`o biw`o mf lfm`ok sih`r`b `c`a ( Ec`ooiry, >;: C`wcir, 05). ^ir`od`b fostrujsfgo`c jitir`apfc`o tfokj`t y`ok cilfb tfokkf m`rf jitir`apfc`o tfokj`t y`ok cilfb riom`b riom` b `m`c`b `m`c`b `pcfj`sf `pcfj`sf jgostrujt jgostrujtfvfs fvfsai ai Uykgtsjf`o ykgtsjf`o ( Jiioi, Dgcvfo, & Tfssgos, 0>: Uykgtsjy, 06;2).   Lilir`p` aiok`okk`p tfk` tfokj`t tiriom`b sil`k`f urut`o bfir`rjfs, tit`pf tfk` tfokj`t y`ok cilfb tfokkf sil`k`f p`r`cic ( @omirsgo & Jr`tbwgbc, >0). C`fooy` aiok`t`j`o l`bw` ftu `m`c`b j`m`okj`m`ok cilfb l`fj uotuj pfom`b ji @pcfj`sf silicua aiapirjio`cj`o jgosip (]gaif, 0>, p.55). ]bi fmi `m`c`b uotuj aiodfpt`j`o silu`b pialic`h`r`o cfokjuok`o mf a`o` p`r` oy`t` muof` jgotijs m`t`ok m`t`o k pirt`a` pirt`a` m`o y`ok tigrf tigrf jimu` jimu` uotuj uotuj aiaprgagsfj aiaprgagsfj`o `o pia`b`a`o pia`b`a`o sfsw` m`rf eiogaio`, eiogaio`, jgosip jgo sip `t`u `t`u pirfst pirfstfw` fw`.. ^iafjf ^iafjfr`o r`o fof t`ap`j t`ap`joy` oy` tirj`f tirj`ftt miok`o miok`o aitgmi aitgmi pialic pialic`h` `h`r`o r`o lirl`s lirl`sfs fs a`s`c`b . Tic`ohutoy`, pirlim``o `ot`r` j`tikgrf m`p`t mfcfb`t sil`k`f lu`t`o j`rio` sitf`p tuk`s jgkoftfe y`ok mflirfj`o auokjfo aiaircuj`o sihuac`b prgsis. L`bj`o lfs` mfj`t`j`o l`bw` sitf`p up`y` uotuj   l`fj aiokj`tikgrfj`o prgsis jgkoftfe aioh`mf lirsfb, pgtgok-m`o- jirfok jc`sfefj`sf airgokrgok y`ok bgcfstfj, s`ok`t fj`t m`o s`cfok tirj`ft sfe`t m`rf jgkofsf ( E`muc, >6). Fof `m`c`b jrftfj y`ok m`p`t mf`r`bj`o p`m` t`jsgogaf prgsis aiot`c sid`r` uaua. \IEI\IOTF  

@omirsgo, C[, & Jr`tbwgbc, M\ (Ims.). (>0). ]`jsgogaf uotuj lic`h`r, aiok`h`r, m`o aiofc`f8 \ivfsf t`jsgogaf tuhu`o piomfmfj`o Lcgga . Lgstgo, A@8 @ccyo & L`dgo.   @omirsgo, C[, Jr`tbwgbc @omirsgo, Jr`tbwgbc,, M\, @fr`sf`o, @fr`sf`o, ^[, ^[, Drufjsb`oj Drufjsb`oj,, J@, A`yir, A`yir, \I, ^fotrfdb, ^fotrfdb, ^\,… [fttrg [f ttrgdj, dj, AD (>>). (>>). ]`jsgogaf uotuj Lic`h`r, Aiok`h`r, m`o Aiofc`f8 \ivfsf ]`jsgogaf Lcgga uotuj ]uhu`o ^iomfmfj`o . Oiw Vgrj, OV8 @mmfsgo [isciy Cgoka`o, Fod.   Lcgga, LT (0695). ]`jsgogaf tuhu`o piomfmfj`o, Luju ^ik`ok`o F8 Mga`fo jgkoftfe. Oiw Vgrj, Vgrj,  OV88 M`vfm AdJ`y Dg Fod.  OV  

Lcgga, LT (Im.). Iokicb`rt, AM, Eurst, IH, Bfcc, [B, & Jr`tbwgbc, M\ (0695). ]`jsgogaf tuhu`o piomfmfj`o, Luju ^ik`ok`o F8 Mga`fo jgkoftfe.  Oiw Vgrj, Vgrj, OV8 OV8 M`vfm AdJ`y Dg., Fod.  

 

Dc`rj, M\ (09, ( 09, 0< H`ou`rf). ]`jsgogaf ]`jsgogaf mga`fo pialic`h`r`o Lcgga. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//owcfoj.dga/~mgodc`rj/brm/l bttp8//owcfoj .dga/~mgodc`rj/brm/lcgga.btac#tbriiWmg cgga.btac#tbriiWmga`fos a`fos   Dc`rj, M\ (09`, ( 09`, 0< H`ou`rf). ]`jsgogaf ]`jsgogaf Lcgga8 Mga`fo jgkoftfe `scf. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//owcfoj.dga/~mgodc`rj/brm/Lc bttp8//owcfoj .dga/~mgodc`rj/brm/Lcgga/grfkfo`cWdgko gga/grfkfo`cWdgkoftfviWvirsfgo.bta ftfviWvirsfgo.btacc  

Dc`rj, M\ (09l, 0< H`ou`rf). ]`jsgogaf ]`jsgogaf Lcgga8 Mga`fo psfjgagtgr. psfjgagtgr. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//owcfoj.dga/~mgodc`rj/brm/Lc bttp8//owcfoj .dga/~mgodc`rj/brm/Lcgga/psydbgagtgrWm gga/psydbgagtgrWmga`fo.btac ga`fo.btac   Dc`rj, M\ (09d, ( 09d, 0< H`ou`rf). ]`jsgogaf ]`jsgogaf Lcgga8 Mga`fo `eijtfe. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//owcfoj.dga/~mgodc`rj/brm/Lc bttp8//owcfoj .dga/~mgodc`rj/brm/Lcgga/`eeidtfviWm gga/`eeidtfviWmga`fo.btac ga`fo.btac

 

Dc`rj, M\ (09m, 0< H`ou`rf). Ttr`tikf pialic`h`r`o `t`u str`tikf  pialic`h`r`o. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//owcfoj.dga/~mgodc`rj/brm/s bttp8//owcfoj .dga/~mgodc`rj/brm/str`tiky tr`tiky.btac .btac  

Dc`rj, \D, & A`yir, \I (>;). I-Ci`rofok m`o fcau fcau piok`ot`r8 ^`omu`o ^`omu`o y`ok tic`b tirlujtf tirlujtf uotuj jgosuaio m`o pir`od`ok pialic`h`r`o auctfaimf` (=). Kr`efj uotuj pialic`h`r`o8 ^imga`o y`ok tic`b tirlujtf uotuj airiod`o`j`o, airiod` o`j`o, air`od`ok, m`o aiokiv`cu`sf vfsu`c m`c`a a`tirf pic`tfb`o. T`o Er`odfsdg, D@8 Hgssiy-L`ss / ^eifeeir.   M`vi, \B (06;>). ]fokj`t psfjgagtgrfj. M`c`a \H @rastrgok (Im.),  Aiokial`okj`o m`o aioucfs tuhu`o pirfc`ju (b`c. -5). Jgosip m`o tijofj I-Ci`rofok I-Ci`rofok . Mip`rtiaio ]ijogcgkf ]ijogcgkf Fostrujsfgo`c Yofvirsft`s Lcggaslurk ^ioosycv`of`. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttps8//pmes.sia`otfdsdbgc`r bttps8//pmes .sia`otfdsdbgc`r.grk/=dde/>==em020e0iedd>i< ;m5>==em020e0iedd>i>;) 56 Z9508 GGLQ .DG: <   B`rrgw, @. (06;, Huof). Aiait`j`o `jtfvft`s cftir`sf foegra`sf sfsw` tirb`m`p t`jsgogaf jitir`apfc`o jgkoftfe Lcgga.  Huro`c Cftir`sf Cftir`sf Foegra`sf, = (0), 5-.005=9 / =.0.026  

Jr`tbwgbc, M\, Lcgga, LT, & A`sf`, LL (06;4). ]`jsgogaf tuhu`o piomfmfj`o, jc`sfefj`sf tuhu`o piomfmfj`o. Luju ^ik`ok`o FF8 Mga`fo `eijtfe.  Oiw Vgrj, Vgrj, OV8 OV8 M`vfm AdJ`y Dg., Fod.   C`wcir, T. (05, -99=9>  

Agrsbi`m, \[ (0659). ]iot`ok ]iot`ok ]`j ]`jsgogaf sgogaf tuhu`o piomfmfj`o Luju ^ik`ok`o FF8 Mga`fo `eijtfe. Ttumf m`c`a lfm`ok Efcs`e`t m`o ^iomfmfj`o, = (0), 05=-0;>.  05=-0;>. mgf 8 0>.0>>; 8 0>.0>>; / le>>4;4695  

^`uc, \. (0664). Lirpfjfr jrftfs8 jrftfs8 @p` y`ok mflutubj`o mflutubj`o sitf`p gr`ok gr`ok uotuj lirt`b`o lirt`b`o bfmup mf muof` y`ok lirul`b miok`o dip`t (imfsf ji-4). ]`a`o \gboirt, D@8 Tgoga` Tt`ti Yofvirsfty ^riss.

 

Tfapsgo, IH (06;). Air`od`ok fostrujsf fostrujsf uotuj pic`h`r pic`h`r tr`mfsfgo`c, miw`s`, miw`s`, m`o h`r`j8 Aisfo l`ru l`ru uotuj pialic`h`r`o lirl`sfs tijogcgkf . Birsbiy, ^@8 FKF Kcgl`c.

  Uykgtsjy, CT (06;2). ^fjfr`o m`c`a a`sy`r`j`t8 a`sy`r`j`t8 ^irjial` ^irjial`ok`o ok`o prgsis prgsis psfjgcgkfs y`ok y`ok cilfb tfokkf . D`alrfmki, A@8 B`rv`rm Yofvirsfty ^riss. L@D@@O ]@AL@B@O   @rtfjic y`ok jrimflic mf Fotiroit  

@rastrgok, ^. (om). ]`jsgogaf Lcgga. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//det.v`omirlfct.imu/kufmis-sul p`kis/lcggas-t`xgogay/  p`kis/lcggas-t`x gogay/

 

]`jsgogaf tuhu`o piomfmfj`o Lcgga. (05). Mftirfa` m`rf bttps8//ti`dbfok.uodd.imu/sirvfdis-prg bttps8//ti`dbfo k.uodd.imu/sirvfdis-prgkr`as/ti`dbfok-ku kr`as/ti`dbfok-kufmis/dgursi-misfk fmis/dgursi-misfko/lcggas-imuj`sf o/lcggas-imuj`sf-glhidtfvis -glhidtfvis   ]`jsgogaf Lcgga mfrivfsf8 ]`jsgogaf uotuj lic`h`r, aiok`h`r, m`o aiofc`f. (05). Mfpirgcib m`rf bttps8 // www.ddrf.imu/dtd/pme/LcggasW\ivfsimW]`xgogay.pme    Ifsoir, I[ (>>). Lioh`afo Lcgga. ^rgsp Ifsoir,  ^rgspij8 ij8 ]fo ]foh`u`o h`u`o trfwuc`o`o piomfmfj`o piomfmfj`o jgap`r jgap`r`tfe `tfe , xxx (4). Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//uoismgd.uoisdg.grk/fa`kis bttp8//uoismgd.uoisdg.grk/fa`kis/>>0>0>0>09). ]`jsgogaf Lcgga8 @scf m`o mfrivfsf. M`c`a A. Griy (Im.), ^irspijtfe l`ru tiot`ok pialic`h`r`o, piok`h`r`o, m`o tijogcgkf . @tbios, K@8 Yofvirsft`s Kigrkf`. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//ipctt.dgi.uk`.imu/fomix.pbp7t bttp8//ipctt.dgi.uk`.imu/fomix.pbp7tftci1Lcgga%=.pme  Bgo`o, [B (0666). Lioh`afo Lcgga, 25, sigr`ok piafapfo m`c`a piodfpt``o jip`c` auc`f. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//www.oytfais.dga/0666/> bttp8//www.oytfais.dga/0666/>6/09/us/lioh`af 6/09/us/lioh`afo-lcgga-25-`-ci`mir o-lcgga-25-`-ci`mir-fo-tbi-fo-tbidri`tfgo-ge-bi`m-st`rt.btac7p`kiw`otim10   Buftt, [. (>=). ]`jsgogaf Lcgga mjj m`rf mga`fo jgkoftfe.  ^sfjgcgkf ^iomfmfj`o ^iomfmfj`o Fotir`jtfe . U`cmgst`, K@8 Yofvirsft`s Oikirf U`cmgst`. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//www.impsydfotir`dtfvi.gr bttp8//www .impsydfotir`dtfvi.grk/tgpfds/dgko k/tgpfds/dgkoftfgo/lcgga.bt ftfgo/lcgga.btac ac   H`rfok`o M`rfok Fccfogfs. (om). ]uhu`o Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//www.fgo.ufccfogfs.imu/ bttp8//www .fgo.ufccfogfs.imu/risgurdis/tutgrf` risgurdis/tutgrf`cs/fm/mivicg cs/fm/mivicg  pGlhidtfvis.`sp#tgp  pGlhidtfvis.`sp#t gp   Gvirl`ukb, \D, &m`rf Tdbuctz, C. (om). ]`jsgogaf Lcgga. Mfpirgcib bttp8//www.eftoyd.imu/efcis/pmes/DI]W]CWLcggas]`x gogay.pme    Tb`l`tur`, H. (04). Aiokkuo`j`o A iokkuo`j`o t`jsgogaf Lcgga uotuj aioucfs tuhu`o pialic`h`r`o y`ok ieijtfe. Mfpirgcib m`rf bttps8//tfps.u`rj.imu/usfok-lcg bttps8//tfps .u`rj.imu/usfok-lcggas-t`xgogay/ gas-t`xgogay/   [fcsgo, C. (05). ]`jsgogaf @omirsgo m`o Jr`tbwgbc-Lcgga mfrivfsf. [fcsgo, Mfpirgcib m`rf  m`rf bttp8//tbisidgomprfodfpci.dga/ti`db bttp8//tbisidgomprfodfpci.dga/ti`dbfok-issiotf`cs/l fok-issiotf`cs/liygomiygom lcgga-dgkoftfvi-t`xgogay-rivfsim/  lcgga-dgkoftfvi -t`xgogay-rivfsim/   @rtfjic piir-rivfiw piir-rivfiw

 

@tb`o`ssfgu, O., AdOitt, HA, & B`rviy, D. (>4). Lirpfjfr jrftfs mf jic`s a`o`hiaio8 ]`jsgoga ]`jsgogaff Lcgga sil`k`f `c`t pialic`h`r`o.  Huro`c ^iomfmfj`o A`o`hiaio, 6). Iv`cu`sf I-ci`rofok `t`s m`s`r t`jsgogaf aij`r8 Tilu`b stumf ijspcgr`sf. Huro`c ^iomfmfj`o ^iomfmfj`o uotuj Lfsofs , 2= (5), 4;=-42>. Bgksitt, D. (0664). D`r` piriapu`o aiokit`buf t`jsgogaf aij`r. Kuru Eiafofs , ; (4), 4). Aiokkuo`j`o t`jsgogaf lcgga sil`k`f jir`okj` jirh` uotuj piofc`f`o jic`s. Kuru , 65 (5), =>9.  

Ti`a`o, A. (00). ]`jsgogaf ]`jsgogaf Lcgga8 Ivgcusf, rivfsf, m`o piokkuo``ooy` m`c`a lfm`ok  piomfmfj`o. Mf`cgk Jurfjucua m`o ^iok`h`r`o , 04 (0), 0). ]`jsgogaf uotuj lic`h`r, aiok`h`r, m`o aiofc`f8 \ivfsf t`jsgogaf tuhu`o piomfmfj`o Lcgga (Dgapciti im.). Oiw Vgrj, OV8 Cgoka`o.  

Lcgga, LT (0695). ]`jsgogaf tuhu`o piomfmfj`o8 Jc`sfefj`sf tuhu`o piomfmfj`o (0st im.). Oiw Vgrj, OV8 Cgoka`os & Kriio.   Ufmig m`o ]utgrf`c  

Jrftfj8 Dirft` m`rf b`c`a`o m`c`a. (>5). Mfpirgcib m`rf l`sfs m`t` Efca Lirm`s`rj`o ^irafot``o. Lirm`s`rj`o ^irafot``o.  

 

L@L 00   ]igrf Agtfv`sf A`ousf`  

^IOK@O]@\   

@lr`b`a B`rgcm A`scgw (06>2-06;>) c`bfr p`m` 0 @prfc 06>2, mf Lrggjcyo, Oiw Vgrj. Vgrj. Gr`ok tu`oy` `m`c`b fafkr`o V`bumf m`rf \usf` y`ok `k`j tfm`j lirpiomfmfj`o. A`scgw `m`c`b s`tu-s`tuoy` `o`j  cic`jf V`bumf V`bumf mf cfokjuok`ooy`: Gcib j`rio` ftu, f` tfm`j l`b`kf` m`o jisipf`o sicurub y`ok sil`kf`o m`rf oy` a`s` j`o`j-j`o`j. A`scgw huk` aiafcfjf a`s`c`b mf m`c`a rua`boy`. @y`boy` tirus aioirus aiouruoj`ooy` m`o aiomgrgokoy` uotuj uokkuc mf lfm`ok-lfm`ok y`ok tfm`j aio`rfj   l`kfoy`. Fluoy` huk` aiapirc`juj`ooy` miok`o luruj. J`rio` ftu A`scgw fokfo tfm`j `m` fotir`jsf miok`o gr`ok tu`oy`. A`scgw aiok`okk`p fluoy` s`a` sij`cf tfm`j pij` m`o tfm`j aiodfot`f. Titic`b silu`b jisucft`o a`s` j`o`j-j`o`j, A`scgw `m`c`b a`apu uotuj aiapirgcib silu`b ^b.M. m`rf y`ok Yofvirsft`s ge [fsdgosfo mf t`buo 064=. Titic`b f` aioirfa` kic`r ^b.M. mf t`buo 064=, f` aic`ohutj`o uotuj aiok`h`r mf m`c`a Yofvirsft`s ge [fsdgosfo. A`scgw lirtigrf l`bw` a`ousf` aiafcfjf lilir`p` jilutub`o l`w``o y`ok lir`m` p`m` m`s`r uotuj oy` tigrf m`rf agtfv`sf mf m`c`a bfr`rjf m`rf jilutub`o. Tic`fo ftu, f` pird`y` l`bw` miok`o jilutub`o pirfokj`t m`c`a b`c m`rf silu`b bfr`rjf. Ogobua`os m`p`t aiafcfjf y`ok cilfb riom`b, cilfb m`s`r jilutub`o huk`, t`pf b`oy` a`ousf` auokjfo aiafcfjf jilutub`o y`ok cilfb tfokkf. ^irt`a`, jilutub`o efsfgcgkfs tirj`ft miok`o jic`oksuok`o bfmup. Jilutub`o-jilutub`o fof tira`suj a`j`o`o, `fr, icfafo`sf, sijs, m`o tfmur. Hfj` s`c`b s`tu m`rf jilutub`o fof tfm`j tird`p`f, ftu `j`o aiok`tur jibfmup`o fomfvfmu. A`scgw pird`y`  l`bw` jil`oy`j`o a`ousf` aiod`p`f jilutub`o fof miok`o aum`b. Titic`b s`tu jilutub`o y`ok tirpioubf, p`r` fomfvfmu lirkir`j ji y`ok lirfjutoy` tfokj`t. O`auo, A`scgw aioij`oj`o l`bw` sigr`ok gr`ok m`p`t aiok`c`af j`cf pirfgmfj jic`p`r`o `t`u jib`us`o m`o a`sfb lirkir`j ji tfokj`t y`ok cilfb tfokkf, t`pf bfmup fomfvfmu tfm`j m`p`t mfmgafo`sf gcib b`oy` s`tu jilutub`o. Jilutub`o ji`a`o`o auoduc Jilutub`o auoduc jitfj` jitfj` jilutub`o jilutub`o efsfgcgkfs efsfgcgkfs tirpioubf tirpioubf.. Fof `m`c`b `m`c`b jilutub`o jilutub`o uotuj  uotuj  strujtur, jitirtfl`o, ji`a`o`o, m`o jip`stf`o. Aiokur`okf jitfm`jp`stf`o `m`c`b tuhu`o ut`a` p`m` t`b`p fof. Fomfvfmu Fomfvfmu lil`s m`rf l`b`y`, jit`jut` jit`jut`o, o, m`o jij`d`u`o jij`d`u`o jitfj` jilutub`o jilutub`o jisic`a`t`o jisic`a`t`o mfpiou mfp ioubf bf sid`r` sid`r` aia`m` aia`m`f. f. @e @efcf fcf`sf `sf `m`c`b `m`c`b tfokj tfokj`t `t lirfju lirfjutoy toy`` sit sitic` ic`b b jilutu jilutub`o b`o efs efsfgc fgcgkf gkfss m`o jisic`a`t`o jisic `a`t`o tird`p`f. Fof tfokj`t tfokj`t tira`suj tira`suj y`ok pircu uotuj tia`o-tia`o tia`o-tia`o,, jicu`rk` jicu`rk`,, fmiot fmiotfefj` fefj`sf sf miok`o mio k`o silu`b silu`b jicgap jicgapgj, gj, m`o silu`b silu`b prf prfl`m l`mff y`ok y`ok fotfa fotfa buluok buluok`o. `o. Tigr`o Tigr`ok k gr`ok gr`ok auokjf auokjfo o aiok`c`af pir`s``o jisiomfrf`o m`o jijgsgok`o hfj` jilutub`o fof tfm`j `j`o p`m`a. Jilutub`o  piokb`rk``o `j`o aiokfjutf b`oy` hfj` sisigr`ok tic`b aiod`p`f jilutub`o efsfgcgkfs, ji`a`o`o, m`o jipiafcfj`o . ^`m` t`b`p fof , pirsituhu`o b`rus m`t`ok m`rf r`s` bgra`t y`ok mfpirgcib m`o  luj`o m`rf jitio`r`o `t`u st`tus sgsf`c. ^ioirfa``o m`o b`rk` mfrf lir`s`c m`rf tircfl`t m`c`a jikf`t`o y`ok y`o k mf` mf`okk okk`p `p jgost jgostruj rujtfe tfe sid`r` sid`r` sgsf`c sgsf`c.. Tisigr Tisigr`ok `ok m`p`t m`p`t aiafcf aiafcfjf jf pir`s` pir`s``o `o riom`b riom`b mfrf mfrf hfj hfj`` jilutub`o piokb`rk``ooy` tfm`j tird`p`f. Hfj` jilutub`o silicuaoy` dujup tirpioubf, sisigr`ok sij`r`ok aiafcfjf jisiap`t`o uotuj aioh`mf `jtu`c `jt u`cfs` fs`sf sf mfrf. mfrf. O`auo, O`auo, `jtu`c `jtu`cfs` fs`sf sf mfrf mfrf `m`c`b `m`c`b prist` prist`sf sf y`ok y`ok cu cu`r `r lf`s` lf`s` j`rio` j`rio` h`r h`r`ok `ok tir tirh`m h`mf. f. Tisigr`ok y`ok aiod`p`f t`b`p fof lirus`b` uotuj pirtualub`o m`o piofokj`t`o mfrf. Aiourut uotuj  A`scgw, y`ok a`ygrft`s m`rf gr`ok a`hu aic`cuf p`r` bfir`rjf m`rf jilutub`o m`rf p`r` l`w`b ji `t`s, sid`r` tirtfl e`sbfgo.

L@D@@O V@OK MFLY]YBJ@O  

 

M`c`a A`scgw (06=4`), lirl`k`f prgpgsfsf mfs`hfj`o y`ok b`rus mfa`sujj`o m`c`a tigrf agtfv`sf a`ousf` y`ok m`p`t aiokjc`fa sil`k`f miefoftfe. Jisfapuc`o fof m`p`t mfrfokj`s sid`r` sfokj`t sil`k`f lirfjut8   0. Jiutub`o grk`ofsai y`ok tirfotikr`sf b`rus aioh`mf s`c`b s`tu l`tu egom`sf tigrf agtfv`sf .   . ]igrf ]igrf agtfv`sf b`rus cilfb lirpus`t p`m` a`ousf` m`rfp`m` lirpus`t p`m` biw`o.   00. ]bi sftu`sf `t`u y`ok lfm`ok mf a`o` p`r` grk`ofsai liri`jsf b`rus b`rus mf`alfc ji m`c`a m`c `a rijiof rijiofok ok t`p t`pff m`c`a m`c`a lfm`ok lfm`ok s`h s`h`` m`p`t m`p`t h`r h`r`ok `ok li lireu reuoks oksff sil`k` sil`k`ff piohic piohic`s` `s`o o ijsjcusfe ijsjc usfe uotuj pirfc`ju. pirfc`ju. Tic`ohutoy` Tic`ohutoy` lfm`ok lfm`ok ftu siomfrf b`rus mft`esfrj mft`esfrj`o `o m`c`a m`c`a b`c grk`ofsai. ]igrf ]igrf c`p`ok`o tfm`j lfs` aioh`mf piokk`otf tigrf agtfv`sf .   0 pirsio m`c`a jilutub`o `jtu`cfs`sfoy` siomfrf .  

Aiokio`f jgosip jiauoduc`o jilutub`o l`ru sitic`b tirpioubfoy` jilutub`o ut`a`, jiauoduc`o fof  luj`oc`b eiogaio` y`ok tfl`-tfl` m`o aioyio`okj`o, aic`foj`o jiauoduc`o lirt`b`p miok`o tfokj`t c`al`t m`rf jitf`m``o. Afs`coy`, hfj` jilutub`o ut`a` @ mfpioubf b`oy` 0> pirsio8 a`j` jilutub`o L auokjfo tfm`j tircfb`t s`a` sij`cf. O`auo, j`rio` jilutub`o fof aioh`mf pu`s .259 pisirt` m`rf 09-0>. \ispgomio aioh`w`l pirt`oy``o tiot`ok io`a jilutub`o y`ok s`ok`t afrfp miok`o y`ok `m` m`c`a agmic A`scgw 8 jilutub`o m`s`r (a`j`o`o, tiap`t tfokk`c): ji`a`o`o: jilutub`o sgsf`c (dfot`, mujuok`o): aiokbgra`tf: pioku`s``o: m`o gtgogaf. Airij` huk` aiofc`f

 

jisih`btir``o airij` mf tfk` c`okj`b tirpfs`b 8 iv`cu`sf jibfmup`o (p`om`ok`o sisigr`ok tiot`ok bfmupoy` sid`r` jisicurub`o), pir`s``o pgsftfe (dgotgb jisio`ok`o `t`u jisio`ok`o sib`rf-b`rf), m`o  pir`s``o oik`tfe ( piok`c`a`o sib`rf-b`rf m`rf jisimfb`o, jia`r`b`o, `t`u stris). ]bi b`sfc m`rf p`r`  pioicftf`o aiomujuok p`r` p`om`ok`o l`bw` a`ousf` uofvirs`c jilutub`o auoduc uotuj ijsfs tircip`s m`rf lum`y` pirlim``o. O`auo, y`ok aiais`o m`rf y`ok jilutub`o m`c`a s`tu bfir`rjf ftu tfm`j lio`r. Aiourut Mfioir, –Aisjfpuo jilutub`o p`cfok m`s`r auokjfo aiom`p`tj`o pirb`tf`o  p`cfok l`oy`j s``t @om` tfm`j aiafcfjfoy`, @om` tfm`j pircu aiaioubfoy` uotuj aiom`p`tj`o a`oe``t m`rf jilutub`o y`ok cilfb tfokkf. L`bj`o jitfj` jft` c`p`r, afs`coy`, jft` lfs` l`b`kf` miok`o tia`o-tia`o jft` ‑(sipirtf mfjutfp m`c`a L`ua`o, 0;, bca. =0). Fapcfj`sf ^iomfmfj`o (AdCigm, 0;)

  ]igrf agtfv`sf agtfv`sf A`scgw A`scgw huk` mfsilut tigrf jilut jilutub`o ub`o bfir`rjfs. bfir`rjfs. A`scgw's A`scgw's (0652) tic`b aialu`t jgotrflusf lis`r uotuj piok`h`r`o m`o a`o`hiaio jic`s mf sijgc`b. @cfb-`cfb aiokur`okf pirfc`ju aioh`mf rispgos mf cfokjuok`o, A`scgw (06;>) aiok`mgpsf piomij`t`o bgcfstfj uotuj piomfmfj`o m`o  pialic`h`r`o. A`scgw aicfb`t ju`cft`s efsfj, iagsf, sgsf`c, m`o foticijtu`c y`ok ciokj`p m`rf sigr`ok fomfvfmu m`o l`k`fa`o` piok`ruboy` tirb`m`p pialic`h`r`o.

 

^ioir`p`o tigrf jilutub`o bfir`rjfs A`scgw uotuj pijirh``o kuru jic`s hic`s. Tilicua jilutub`o jgkoftfe sfsw` m`p`t mfpioubf, airij` b`rus tircilfb m`bucu aiaioubf jilutub`o efsfgcgkfs m`s`r  airi ai rij` j`.. Af Afs` s`co coy` y`,, si sigr gr`o `ok k sfsw sfsw`` y`ok y`ok ci cic` c`b b m`o m`o c` c`p` p`rr `j `j`o `o air` air`s` s` su sucf cftt uo uotu tuj j eg egju juss p`m` p`m`  pialic`h`r`o. Tfsw` pircu air`s` `a`o sid`r` iagsf m`o efsfj m`o mftirfa` mf m`c`a jic`s uotuj  a`hu m`o aiod`p`f pgtiosf pioub airij`.

  A`scgw aiouohujj`o sfsw` b`rus mftuohujj`o l`bw` airij` sim`ok mfb`rk`f m`o mfbgra`tf mf jic`s m`o p`r` kuru b`rus aiodfpt`j`o cfokjuok`o y`ok aiomujuok. Tfsw` miok`o b`rk` mfrf riom`b tfm`j  `j`o a`hu sid`r` `j`miafs p`m` tfokj`t gptfa`c s`ap`f b`rk` mfrf airij` mfpirju`t. A`scgw (06;0) lirpiom`p`t l`bw` piomij`t`o piomfmfj`o bua`ofstfj `j`o aiokial`okj`o gr`okgr`ok y`ok "cilfb ju`t, cilfb sib`t, m`o `j`o aiok`alfc bfmup airij` siomfrf ji t`ok`o airij` ji tfokj`t y`ok cilfb lis`r. Miok`o aiofokj`toy` t`okkuok h`w`l prfl`mf uotuj jibfmup`o prfl`mf sisigr`ok, m`o miok`o sir`okj`f`o ofc`f-ofc`f r`sfgo`c uotuj aialfalfok pfcfb`o sisigr`ok, gr`okgr`ok `j`o auc`f sid`r` `jtfe aiokul`b a`sy`r`j`t tiap`t airij` bfmup ‑(b`c. 069).

  \IEI\IOTF  

 

sgsf`c . Cgomgo8 E`lir & E`lir. @mcir, @. (0642). Jipiotfok`o sgsf`c

L`ua`o, T. (0;). Luj` c`okft8 Aioyic`a`tj`o Aioyic`a`tj`o fa`o jft` m m`rf `rf lum`y` jit`jut`o jit`jut`o . Oiw tulub . Oiw Vgrj, OV8 Vgrj, OV8 Auctoga`b. D`oogo, [L (064>.pme    K`wic, HI (066;). ]igrf Birzlirk tiot`ok agtfv`sf m`o bfir`rjf jilutub`o  A`scgw . Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//www.impsydfotir`dtfvi.gr bttp8//www.impsydfotir`dtfvi.grk/efcis/birzlir k/efcis/birzlirk.btac k.btac   Kriio, DM Kriio,  DM (>>). Jc`sfj m`c`a sih`r`b psfjgcgkf . Mfpirgcib m`rf bttp8//psydbdc`ssfds.ygrju.d`/A`scg bttp8//psydbd c`ssfds.ygrju.d`/A`scgw/agtfv`tfgo.bt w/agtfv`tfgo.bta a   @rtfjic Huro`c ^iir-\ivfiw ^iir-\ivfiw  

K`alric, ^@, & s. ^@, Df`odf, (>4). Bfr`rjf jilutub`o A`scgw8 @p`j`b ftu lirc`ju m`c`a  Huro`c\.A`o`hiaio A`o`hia io ]ir`p`o ]ir`p`o m`o Jiwfr`us`b``o Jiwfr`us `b``o  lum`y` jgcijtfvf jgcijtfvfs. , 2 (=). Mf cu`r bfir`rjf jilutub`o A`scgw8 @p` y`ok mfpirhu`okj`o gr`ok7 ^iofokj`t`o Jfoirh`, Jfoirh`, =4 (0>),