Gaceta Municipal San Francisco

 

 

BÒH TCT Gxtrbhrncebrcb [BE AZBEKC[KH, = NG EHQCGFJZG NG NG :02>  [WFBZCH KHEKGOH NGI FWECKCPCH [BE AZBEKC[KH  AZBEKC[KH  - HZNGEBE_B NG PIBE NG HZNGEBFCGE^H S NG[BZZHIIH [HKCBI WZJBEH NGI FWECKCPCH [BE AZBEKC[KH.

ZGPßJICKB JHICQBZCBEB NG QGEG_WGIB G[^BNH _WICB GI KHEKGOH FWECKCPBI NG [BE AZBEKC[KH Ge ush ng sus btrcjukchegs igmbigs gstbjigkcnbs ge ihs brtækuihs 214, 2=7, y 2=4, ng ib Khestctukcûe ng ib Zgpÿjickb Jhicvbrcbeb ng Qgegzugib< sgmÿe ibs btrcjukchegs qug ig kheacgrg ihs brtækuihs 71 eufgrbi : ictgrbi ’b‖, 12, 3: y 37 eufgrbigs ; y :; ng ib Igy Hrmâeckb ngi Phngr Pÿjickh Fueckcpbi< ge khekhrnbekcb khe ihs brtækuihs ;>, ;1, ;=, ;4 y Pbrâmrbah Prcfgrh ngi brtækuih >1 ng ib Igy Hrmâeckb ng Hrngebkcûe Wrjbeæstckb vcmgetg, sbekcheb ib scmucgetg? HZNGEBE_B NG PIBE NG HZNGEBFCGE^H S NG[BZZHIIH [HKCBI WZJBEH NGI FWECKCPCH [BE AZBEKC[KH KBPÆ^WIH C NC[PH[CKCHEG[ MGEGZBIG[ Brtækuih 2°. Ib 2°. Ib prgsgetg Hrngebezb tcgeg phr hjogth rgmuibr ib khestrukkcûe ng eugvbs gncackbkchegs y urjbeczbkchegs, ib fhncackbkcûe, bfpicbkcûe, rgstburbkcûe y rgdbjcictbkcûe ng ibs yb gxcstgetgs y ibs ârgbs ngstcebnbs b ushs khfuebigs, bsæ khfh khetrhibr ib hkupbkcûe ng ârgbs ng prhtgkkcûe y khe rgstrckkchegs ng ush, gi ncsgòh ng ibs rgngs vcbigs y gstbkchebfcgeths, bpickbenh ibs vbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs qug ge ib prgsgetg Hrngebezb sg gstbjigkge, khe gi ace ng ihmrbr ue ngsbrrhiih brfûeckh urjbeæstckh ge gi ârgb urjbeb ngi fueckcpch [be Arbekcskh. Brtækuih :°. :°. Ib Hrngebezb ng Pibe ng  Hrngebfcgeth y Ngsbrrhiih [hkcbi Wrjbeh gstâ ahrfbnb phr  gi tgxth ng ib fcsfb  y  phr   gi  Pibe ng Hrngebfcgeth Wrjbeæstckh, ngehfcebnh (PHW) gfbebnh ngi Fcecstgrch ng Ngsbrrhiih Wrjbeh sgmÿe Zgshiukcûe E¿ ;.020 y pujickbnh ge Mbkgtb Hackcbi E¿ 7.;2>   ng agkdb 22 ng fbrzh 2333, y gi Pibeh ng _hecackbkcûe.

Gnckcûe? 70 gogfpibrgs

E¿ ;7;

Brtækuih ;°. Gi iæfctg ngi ârgb urjbeb-rurbi ngsbrrhiibnb ge gi Fueckcpch [be Arbekcskh gstâ ngicfctbnh phr ueb phicmhebi kuyhs vãrtckgs gstâe ngacecnhs ge Khhrngebnbs Zgmvge khe hrcmge ge ib pbrrhqucb Fbrkcbi Dgreâengz y khetceÿbe dbstb ib pbrrhqucb Ihs Khrtcohs, ihs kubigs sg gspgkcackbe b khetceubkcûe? Qãrtckg 2 : ;

Ehrtg 22=2102,;2 22147>0,47 221=7>3,==

Gstg :073=:,2= :073>4,42 :0>=:=,:;

Ibnhs Q2 B Q: Q: B Q; Q; B Q>

Ncst (f) ;010,77 27=;,07 4:;.=0

> 7 1 = 4 3

2211404,4> 22117:>,37 221773;,00 221>>11,4> 221>>43,=2 221:=33,3;

:0>;1=,;1 :072:>,>0 :0>031,4= :0>031,4= :0:74=,=> :0:74=,=>

Q> Q7 B B Q7 Q1 Q1 B Q= Q= B Q4 Q4 B Q3 Q3

404,7; 2;4=,:2 22:1,21 2703,;0 2143,=4 000

Ng cmubi ahrfb, ihs icengrhs ngi ârgb urjbeb ngi Fueckcpch [be Arbekcskh, she ihs scmucgetgs? Ehrtg? Icfctb khe gi Fueckcpch Fbrbkbcjh, ngsng gi vãrtckg Ehrtg? Icfctb Q2, ujckbnh ge ib _heb Cenustrcbi CC gtbpb, argetg bi Fgrkbnh Fbyhrcstb ng Bicfgeths ng Fbrbkbcjh (Fgrkbfbrb, K.B.) [ur? Icfctb [ur?  Icfctb khe gi Fueckcpch Ib Kbòbnb. Gstg? Icfctb Gstg?  Icfctb khe gi Ibmh ng Fbrbkbcjh. Hgstg? Icfctb Hgstg?  Icfctb khe ib pbrrhqucb Fbrkcbi Dgreâengz ngsng ihs vãrtckgs Q2, Q:, Q; y Q>< y ib pbrrhqucb Ihs Khrtcohs ngsng ihs vãrtckgs Q7, Q1, Q=, Q4 y Q3. Brtækuih >°. [g >°. [g ngehfcebrâ ârgb urjbeb ge gi Fueckcpch [be Arbekcskh b ib gxtgescûe suskgptcjig b sgr ngsbrrhiibnb, ngetrh ngi pgræfgtrh cenckbnh khfh iæfctg urjbeh, ge gi ’Pibeh ng Ngsbrrhiih Wrjbeh‖.  Wrjbeh‖.  Brtækuih 7°.  7°.  ^hnb ârgb eh cekiucnb ge gi pgræfgtrh urjbeh cenckbnb ge gi brtækuih betgrchr sgrâ khescngrbnb ârgb rurbi y sg rgmcrâ phr ueb rgmibfgetbkcûe prhpcb. Brtækuih 1°. Ihs tgrrgehs sctubnhs ngetrh ngi kheaæe urjbeh y kuyb rgmibfgetbkcûe khestruktcvb eh gstã gspgkæackbfgetg gstbjigkcnb ge ib prgsgetg Hrngebezb, phr sgr? Zgsgrvb urjbeb, eugvhs ngsbrrhiihs û ngsbrrhiihs gspgkcbigs, sgrâe hjogth ng gstunchs ncrcmcnhs b acobr sus khenckchegs ng ngsbrrhiih, zhecackbkcûe y rgmibfgetbkcûe gspgkæackb ng khestrukkcûe. Ib Cemgecgræb Fueckcpbi, sgrâ gi hrmbecsfh gekbrmbnh ng tbigs gstunchs puncgenh rgqugrcr ib khibjhrbkcûe û bsgshrbfcgeth ihs hrmbecsfhs hackcbigs h getcnbngs gspgkcbiczbnbs qug ng ouzmug khevgecgetg. Kuifcebnhs ihs beâicscs

 

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  MBKG^B FWECKCPBI NGI FWECKCPCH [BE AZBEKC[KH 

egkgsbrchs, tbi ngpgengekcb bscmebrâ ib rgmibfgetbkcûe rgsuitbetg y khfueckbrâ su ngkcscûe bi Khekgoh Fueckcpbi b ihs acegs igmbigs khescmucgetgs. Brtækuih =°.  =°.  ^hnh tgrrgeh qug sg gekugetrg ge ihs kbshs sgòbibnhs ge gi brtækuih betgrchr, rgqucgrg pbrb su ngsbrrhiih, ng ib bprhjbkcûe prgvcb ng ue betgprhygkth ng ihtcackbkcûe, pbrkgibfcgeth, urjbeczbkcûe, ngsbrrhiih ng kheoueth, h kbfjch ng ush qug khetgfpig ib cestbibkcûe ng thnhs ihs sgr-

;) Ibs rgstrckkchegs phr sgmurcnbn h phr prhtgkkcûe bfjcgetbi. >) Ib ngescnbn jrutb ng ib phjibkcûe prgvcstb gstbjigkcnb ge kbnb Phiæmheh. 7) Ib nhtbkcûe, ihkbiczbkcûe y bkkgscjcicnbn ng ihs gqucpbfcgeths ng bkugrnh khe ibs rgspgktcvbs ehrfbs. 1) Ibs rgstrckkchegs vhiufãtrckbs. Brtækuih 2;.  2;.  Pbrb gi ngsbrrhiih ng gncackbkchegs ih-

vckchs jâsckhs rgqugrcnhs pbrb gi auekchebfcgeth kbkchegs b khestrucrsg ge ibs pbrkgibs rgsuitbetgs.ng ibs gncac-

kbiczbnbs ârgb urjbeb ngi Fueckcpch gstbjigkgegeibsgiscmucgetgs vbrcbjigs urjbebs.[be Arbekcskh, sg

Brtækuih 4°. Ibs 4°. Ibs bktubkchegs ngi Fueckcpch, bsæ khfh ib ng ihs pbrtckuibrgs ge ih khekgrecgetg b ib pibecackbkcûe, ngsbrrhiih, khesgrvbkcûe y rgehvbkcûe ng ibs urjbeczbkchegs, pbrkgibfcgeth, khestrukkchegs eugvbs, bfpicbkchegs rgfhngibkchegs, ng kubiqucgr ebturbigzb ge gncackchs pÿjickhs y prcvbnhs ujckbnbs ge gi âfjcth tgrrcthrcbi ngi Fueckcpch [be Arbekcskh ngi Gstbnh _uicb, sg rgmcrâe phr ib Igy Hrmâeckb ng Hrngebkcûe Wrjbeæstckb, su Zgmibfgeth y ibs ngfâs ncsphsckchegs bnfcecstrbtcvbs y tãkeckbs gfbebnbs phr gi Gogkutcvh ebkchebi, y ge gogkukcûe ng ihs kctbnhs cestrufgeths ourænckhs, phr ib prgsgetg Hrngebezb y phr ihs ngfâs cestrufgeths ehrfbtcvhs fueckcpbigs qug rgmuibe ib fbtgrcb urjbeæstckb ihkbi.

2) Gi ush prgvcsth ge ib zhecackbkcûe. :) Gi rgtcrh ng argetg y ng bkkgsh, sgmÿe ih prgvcsth khe ibs væbs qug khicenbe khe gi tgrrgeh. ;) Ib ngescnbn egtb ng ib phjibkcûe prgvcstb ge ib zhecackbkcûe. >) Gi phrkgetbog ng ujckbkcûe prgvcsth ge ib zhecackbkcûe. 7) Ihs rgtcrhs ibtgrbigs y ng ahenh prgvcsths ge ib zhecackbkcûe. 1) Ib biturb prgvcstb ge ib zhecackbkcûe. =) Ibs rgstrckkchegs phr sgmurcnbn h phr prhtgkkcûe bfjcgetbi prgvcstbs ge ib zhecackbkcûe.

Brtækuih 3°. Ib 3°. Ib Hrngebezb ng Pibe ng  Hrngebfcgeth y Ngsbrrhiih  [hkcbi Wrjbeh ngaceg gi ush,  kbrbktgræstckb  y  ib    cetgescnbn ge kbnb ngi ârgb khfprgencnb ngetrhphscjig ngi âfjcth qug pbrkgib rcmg, scgfprg kheurjbeb jbsg ge gi Pibe ng Hrngebkcûe ngi [cstgfb Wrjbeæstckh ngi Fueckcpch [be Arbekcskh.

Brtækuih 20. Ibs 20. Ibs kgrtcackbkchegs ng Kheahrfbkcûe ng Wsh sgrâe gfctcnbs phr ib Hackceb ng Pibecackbkcûe Wrjbeb. Gi  Bikbing h Bikbingsb fgncbetg Ngkrgth gstbjigkgrâ ihs rgqucscths y gi prhkgncfcgeth pbrb hthrmbr ibs kheahrfbkchegs ng ush. [cgenh getgencnh qug ngetrh ng ihs rgqucscths pbrb hthrmbr ib kheahrfbkcûe ng ush, sg rgqugrcrâ ng fbegrb gxprgsb y phr gskrcth ib pbrtckcpbkcûe kcunbnbeb ng ib khfuecnbn< gs ngkcr, sg rgqugrcrâ ib bprhjbkcûe ng ib kheahrfbkcûe ng ush phr pbrtg ngi khesgoh khfuebi ngi sgkthr kuyb kheahrfbkcûe sg shickctg. Ge gi kbsh ng eh gxcstcr khesgoh khfuebi ge gi sgkthr, ib hpcecûe ge kubeth b ib kheahrfbkcûe ng ush phnrâ sgr rgkhigktbnb fgncbetg acrfbs ng ihs vgkcehs phr pbrtg ngi cetgrgsbnh, y nckdbs acrfbs phstgrchrfgetg sgrâe vgrcackbnbs ge kubeth b su butgetckcnbn phr gi auekchebrch Pibecackbkcûe Wrjbeb ngscmebnh b tbi gagkth. ng ib Hackceb ng Brtækuih 22.  Ib Igy Hrmâeckb ng Hrngebkcûe Wrjbeæstckb (IHHW), gxcmg nbr kufpicfcgeth b ibs vbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs, b ace ng ihmrbr ue ngsbrrhiih brfûeckh ge ibs gncackbkchegs y urjbeczbkchegs, ngetrh ngi ârgb urjbeb ngi Fueckcpch [be Arbekcskh, ib kubi sg rgmcrâ phr ib Hrngebezb ng Pibe ng Hrngebfcgeth y  Ngsbrrhiih [hkcbi Wrjbeh. Bsæ  Bsæ  fcsfh, thnb pgrsheb ebturbi h ourænckb qug gstã cetgrgsbnb ge ceckcbr ib khestrukkcûe ng urjbeczbkchegs y gncackbkchegs ngjgrâ shfgtgrsg b ihs rgqucscths cenckbnhs ge ib prgsgetg Hrngebezb, sce fgehskbjh ng ibs ngfâs ehrfbs qug rcmge  ib fbtgrcb. Brtækuih 2:. Pbrb 2:. Pbrb ibs ârgbs phr urjbeczbr ihkbiczbnbs ge gi ârgb urjbeb ngi fueckcpch, sg gstbjigkge khfh auenbfgetbigs ibs scmucgetgs vbrcbjigs urjbebs? 2) Gi gspbkch ush khrrgsphencgetg. :) rgqugrcnh y ib cekhrphrbkcûe b ib trbfb vcbi.

PBZÂMZBAH ßECKH?  B ihs gagkths ng ib prgsgetg Hrngebezb sg ngtgrfcebe bnckchebifgetg ibs scmucgetgs vbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs? b) Ârgb fæecfb ng pbrkgib. j) Ârgb fâxcfb ng pbrkgib. k) Argetg fæecfh ng pbrkgib. n) Nhtbkcûe ng pugsths ng gstbkchebfcgeths ng bkugrnh b ihs rgqugrcfcgeths gstbjigkcnhs ge ib prgsgetg Hrngebezb. g) Ârgb vgrng ng bkugrnh b ihs rgqugrcfcgeths gstbjigkcnhs ge ib prgsgetg Hrngebezb. Brtækuih 2>. Ihs cetgrgsbnhs y ihs prhagschebigs rgsphesbjigs ng ib gogkukcûe ng ibs hjrbs gstâe hjicmbnhs b sufcecstrbr ib ceahrfbkcûe y nhkufgetbkcûe qug ig rgqucgrbe ibs buthrcnbngs fueckcpbigs pbrb gi gogrkckch ng sus abkuitbngs ng khetrhi kheahrfg b ibs ehrfbs gstbjigkcnbs ge ib Igy Hrmâeckb ng Hrngebkcûe Wrjbeæstckb (IHHW), ge gstb u htrbs hrngebezbs. Bsæ fcsfh, ngjgrâe pgrfctcrigs gi bkkgsh b ib hjrb nurbetg su khestrukkcûe b ihs gagkths ng su acskbiczbkcûe y khetrhi. Brtækuih 27. Ibs 27. Ibs ncsphsckchegs ng gstb Hrngebezb ig she bpickbjigs y kujrg b thnb pgrsheb tbeth ebturbi khfh ourænckb bsæ khfh bshkcbkchegs, cestctukchegs, khrphrbkchegs, hrmbeczbkchegs y getcnbngs tbeths pÿjickbs khfh prcvbnbs, fcxtbs, kævckbs, khfuebi h kubiqucgr kibsg h ebturbigzb ng ibs prhpcgnbngs cekiuygenh ihs auekchebrchs y hrmbecsfhs ngi fueckcpch [be Arbekcskh. KBPÆ^WIH CC NGACECKCHEG[ Brtækuih 21.  B ibs gxprgschegs khetgecnbs ge gstb Hrngebezb sg igs btrcjucrâ gi sgetcnh qug bpbrgkg gvcngetg ngi scmecackbnh ng ibs pbibjrbs, b gxkgpkcûe ng ibs qug sgmucnbfgetg sg ngacege? - Bkkgsh? ^rbfh ng geibkg h gfpbifg ngsng ib kbizbnb ng ueb væb pÿjickb, dbstb ueb væb h ârgb cetgrchr ng ueb pbrkgib.

 

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  MBKG^B FWECKCPBI NGI FWECKCPCH [BE AZBEKC[KH 

- Bkgrb? Pbrtg ng ibs væbs, ngstcebnb ÿeckbfgetg pbrb gi trâescth ng pgbthegs. - Bkkgscjcicnbn? Khenckcûe qug prgsgetb ueb ngtgrfcebnb pbrkgib h gncackbkcûe pbrb iigmbr y sbicr ng giib. - Bnhsbr? Khestrucr shjrg ihs rgtcrhs ibtgrbigs h ng ahenh gxcmcnhs. - Bagktbkcûe vcbi? Gspbkch ng ib pbrkgib, rgsgrvbnh pbrb ib auturb bfpicbkcûe ng ueb væb. - Bigrh? Gigfgeth vhibnczh eh trbesctbjig, ngstcebnh pbrb

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rgsmubrnh ng vbehs yGs furhs ge ueb gncackbkcûe. - Biturb ng getrgpcsh? ib ncstbekcb khfprgencnb getrg gi ecvgi ng pcsh bkbjbnh y tgkdh bkbjbnh. - Biturb ng abkdbnb? Fgncnb vgrtckbi ng ib abkdbnb ng ueb gncackbkcûe. - Bfpicbkcûe? Kubiqucgr hjrb qug tgemb phr hjogth gi bufgeth ngi ârgb ng khestrukkcûe y/h ujckbkcûe ng ueb gncackbkcûe gxcstgetg. - Bekdh ng kbizbnb? Gs ib ncstbekcb prhfgnch getrg ihs jhrngs cetgrchrgs ng ihs jrhkbigs ng ueb kbiig h væb. - Bpbrtbfgeth? Wecnbn ng vcvcgenb supgrpugstb b htrbs uecnbngs, qug cetgmrbe ueb gncackbkcûe y khfpbrtge jcgegs y sgrvckchs khfuegs ge ueb fcsfb pbrkgib. - Ârgb jrutb ngi tgrrgeh? Ârgb tgrrgeh? Ârgb thtbi ngi tgrrgeh. - Ârgb jrutb ng khestrukkcûe? Gs ib sufb ng ârgb ng thnhs ihs pcshs, sgkkcûe dhrczhetbi ng furhs, vhibnczhs, jbikhegs y pûrtckhs qug khfphege ueb gncackbkcûe. - Ârgb ng kcrkuibkcûe khfÿe ge gncackch gncackch fuitcabfcicbr?  fuitcabfcicbr? 

jrutb pbrb gogkutbr kubiqucgr ngsbrrhiih urjbeh, ngi uebtgrrgeh vgz gxkiucnbs ibs scmucgetgs ârgbs? b) Ibs arbeobs ng prhtgkkcûe ng buthpcstbs, væbs, ebkcfcgeths y kurshs ng bmub, ibmhs, iæegbs ng bitb tgescûe, mbshnukths y highnukths, bsæ khfh ibs zhebs jhskhsbs y ârgbs ng cetgrãs gskãeckh phr sus pbcsb ogs y rgkurshs rgkrgbtcvhs. j) Ibs supgrackcgs ng thphmrbaæb bkkcngetbnb, khe pgencgetgs ebturbigs prheuekcbnbs qug eh pgrfctge ngsbrrhiih ng ecemueb ebturbigzb. k) _hebs ceuenbjigs, tgrrgehs jbohs sce nrgebogs, kcãebmbs y htrhs. - Ârgb vgrng? [upgrackcg ng tgrrgeh kujcgrtb ng vgmgtbkcûe ebturbi y trbtbnb pbcsboæstckbfgetg, rgsgrvbnb pbrb gi ngsbrrhiih ng bktcvcnbngs rgkrgbtcvbs, ng gspbrkcfcgeth h ncsarutg khetgfpibtcvh. - Jbikûe? Gspbkch bkkgscjig, mgegrbifgetg ge vhibnczh, ahrfbnh phr ib prhihembkcûe ngi getrgpcsh y icfctbnh phr

Gs ng ue gncackch phr ibsbgskbigrbs,ibgisupgrackcg h ihs bskgeshrgs y thnbhkupbnh htrb supgrackcg trbvãs ng ib kubi sg tgemb bkkgsh b ihs bpbrtbfgeths. - Ârgb fæecfb pbrb gstbkchebr?  gstbkchebr?  Gs gi  ârgb  egkgsbrcb  pbrb gstbkchebr ue vgdækuih y fbechjrbr pbrb khihkbrih ge gi sctch sce egkgscnbn ng fhvciczbr ihs ngfâs vgdækuihs, biiæ gstbkchebnhs. - Ârgb egtb ng khestrukkcûe? khestrukkcûe? Gs gi ârgb jrutb ng khestrukkcûe fgehs ibs ârgbs qug sg gspgkcackbe khfh ’eh khfputbjigs‖ ge gstb Hrngebezb, pbrb gi kâikuih ng ib nhtbkcûe ng ihs gstbkchebfcgeths y bqugiibs qug pugnbe khrrgsphengr sgmÿe gi kbsh getrg thnbs ibs geufgrbnbs b khetceubkcûe? b) Ihs gstbkchebfcgeths, cekiuygenh sus bkkgshs tgkdbnhs. j) Ihs  gspbkchs  ngstcebnhs  b  fbqucebrcbs  y  gqucphs  fgkâeckhs khrrgsphencgetgs b ibs ncvgrsbs cestbibkchegs qug scrvge ib gncackbkcûe, tbigs khfh? [bib

ue pbrbpgth h jbrbenb. - Kbizbnb? Gspbkch pbvcfgetbnh ng ueb væb, ngstcebnh bi ush ng vgdækuihs ge kcrkuibkcûe. - Kgetrh khfgrkcbi? Gspbkch kheahrfbnh phr vbrchs ihkbigs khfgrkcbigs u hackcebs, nhtbnh ng ârgbs khfuegs. - Kbebi ng kcrkuibkcûe? Gspbkch ngfbrkbnh ge ueb kbizbnb, ngstcebnh bi trâescth ng ueb acib ng vgdækuihs. - Khfpgesbkcûe? Cetgrkbfjch getrg bimuebs vbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs ng ueb pbrkgib, b ace ng kgngr pbrtg ng gstb pbrb fgohrbr ib kbicnbn urjbeb ngi gspbkch pÿjickh. - Khrecsb? Gigfgeth vgrtckbi ujckbnh khfh rgfbtg shjrg ib iæegb dhrczhetbi ng abkdbnb. - Ngescnbn jrutb ng phjibkcûe? phjibkcûe? Gs ib rgibkcûe getrg gi eÿfgrh ng pgrshebs y ib gxtgescûe ngi ârgb urjbeczbjig qug hkupbe, cekiuygenh ib supgrackcg hkupbnb phr ibs væbs, sgrvckchs ng gqucpbfcgeths urjbeh, ibs zhebs rgscngekcbigs y htrhs sgrvckchs, gxprgsbnb ge dbjctbe-

pbrb fâqucebs nggspbkch bskgeshrgs, gspbkch pbrb gqucph dcnrhegufâtckh, pbrb gqucphs ng bcrg ng bkhenckchebnh, ârgbs pbrb tbjigrhs ng gigktrckcnbn y tgiãaheh, y ârgbs ngstcebnbs b nukths (vgetcibkcûe, cestbibkchegs giãktrckbs, cestbibkchegs sbectbrcbs, jbsurb, prgsurczbkcûe ng gskbigrbs y htrhs scfcibrgs). k) Ihs  gigfgeths  ng  prhtgkkcûe  shibr   (qucgjrbshigs  y  bigrhs), sctubnhs ngi pbrbfgeth ng ib abkdbnb dbkcb gi gxtgrchr. n) Gstrukturbs buxcicbrgs ihkbiczbnbs ge gi gspbkch ng ihs rgtcrhs tbigs khfh? Fbrqugscebs, kbsgtbs ng vcmcibekcb, kihsgts y kubrths ng jbsurb. g) Gskbigrbs bnckchebigs gxcmcnbs phr ehrfbs khetrb cekgenchs (KHQGECE). a) Ibs ârgbs ngstcebnbs bi ush shkcbi y b ib rgkrgbkcûe ng ibs pgrshebs rgscngetgs h gfpigbnbs ge ib gncackbkcûe. m) Ibs ârgbs ngstcebnbs bi icjrg bkkgsh ngi pÿjickh, qug

tgs phr dgktârgb (dbj/db.). - Ngescnbn egtb ng phjibkcûe? phjibkcûe? Gs ib rgibkcûe getrg ib phjibkcûe (eÿfgrh ng dbjctbetgs) y gi ’Ârgb Egtb Zgsc Zgsc-ngekcbi‖, qug hkupbe gxprgsbnb ge dbjctbetgs phr dgk târgbs (dbj/db.). - Ngrgkdh ng væb? Gspbkch rgmibfgetbrch ngstcebnh b ib ncsphsckcûe ng ihs gigfgeths qug khfphege ueb væb pÿjickb h prcvbnb. - Ncstrcjucnhr? Ncsphsctcvh vcbi ngsbrrhiibnh gstrukturbifgetg khe kbizbnbs b ecvgigs ncagrgetgs, khfprgencgenh rbfpbs ng geibkg sgmÿe ihs fhvcfcgeths vgdckuibrgs sgigkkchebnhs. - Gncackbkcûe bcsibnb? Ib eh bnhsbnb phr ecemueh ng sus ibnhs b ihs icengrhs ng htrb gncackbkcûe. - Gncackbkcûe khetceub? khetceub? Ib bnhsbnb phr nhs h fâs ng sus ibnhs b htrb gncackbkcûe, ahrfbenh acibs h mruphs. - Gncackbkcûe pbrgbnb? Ib bnhsbnb phr ueh ng sus ibnhs b htrb gncackbkcûe.

sgbe khfpigfgetbrcbs ng ihs gspbkchs pgbthebigs

- Gncackbkcûe kheahrfg?  Bqugiib qug kufpig khe ibs

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pÿjickhs, tbigs khfh pûrtckhs, pbsbogs cetgrehs y pibzbs tgkdbnbs. Ârgb egtb rgscngekcbi? Pbrtg ngi ârgb urjbeczbjig ng ue tgrrgeh ngnckbnb gxkiuscvbfgetg bi ush rgscngekcbi. Ârgb ng ujckbkcûe? Ârgb ujckbkcûe? Ârgb ngacecnb phr ph r ib prhygkkcûe ngi pgræfgtrh ngi gncackch h ng kubiqucgr gigfgeth tgkdbnh. Ârgb urjbeb? urjbeb? Gs ib supgrackcg khetgfpibnb ngetrh ngi iæfctg urjbeh. Ârgb urjbeczbjig? [upgrackcg bprhvgkdbjig ngi ârgb

 

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  MBKG^B FWECKCPBI NGI FWECKCPCH [BE AZBEKC[KH 

vbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs gstbjigkcnbs ge gstb Hrngebezb pbrb ib zheb nheng sg ihkbiczb. - Gncackbkcûe eh kheahrfg?  Bqugiib kuyb khestrukkcûe khetrbvcgeg thtbi h pbrkcbifgetg ibs vbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs gstbjigkcnbs ge gstb Hrngebezb pbrb ib zheb nheng sg ihkbiczbe. - Gncackbkcûe rucehsb?  Bqugiib qug db pgrncnh ihs gigfgeths khestruktcvhs ng su brquctgkturb hrcmcebi y prgsgetb ue ngtgrchrh ng tbi fbmectun qug ib dbkg

nhs phr ãi h ihs prhpcgtbrchs ng ib gncackbkcûe h phr ibs pgrshebs ebturbigs h ourænckbs qug giihs buthrckge< puncgenh hjtgegr ue jgegackch gkheûfckh ngi fcsfh, scgfprg y kubenh eh cekufpibe khe ihs rgqugrcfcgeths gxcmcnhs phr gstb Hrngebezb pbrb gi ush prcekcpbi bi kubi khfpigfgetb. - Gstbkchebfcgeth pÿjickh? Gstbkchebfcgeth qug pugng sgr utciczbnh icjrgfgetg, khe h sce gi pbmh ng ueb tbrcab prgstbjigkcnb.

cedbjctbjig. - Gncackch ng bpbrtbfgeths? Gncackbkcûe cetgmrbnb phr uecnbngs ng vcvcgenbs supgrpugstbs b htrbs uecnbngs ng cmubigs h ncagrgetgs kbrbktgræstckbs, qug khfpbrtge jcgegs y sgrvckchs khfuegs tbigs khfh? Kcrkuibkcûe, jbobetgs ng jbsurb, gstbkchebfcgeths, bkhfgtcnbs ng sgrvckch, ârgbs vgrngs y shkcbigs. - Gnukbkcûe gspgkcbiczbnb? Gs gi ârgb ng ib gnukbkcûe qug pgrfctg ib ahrfbkcûe ng kcunbnbehs ge ueb ngtgrfcebnb gspgkcbicnbn. - Gqucpbfcgeth urjbeh? Kheoueth ng ârgbs y sgrvckchs qug sg phege b ncsphsckcûe ng ib phjibkcûe ng ueb ngtgrfcebnb zheb pbrb ib sbtcsabkkcûe ng sus egkgscnbngs. Getrg giihs? Ârgbs ngphrtcvbs, rgkrgbkchebigs, gnukbkchebigs, bscstgekcbigs, shkch-kuiturbigs, y ibs ârgbs vgrngs. - Gstbkcûe ng sgrvckch? Gncackbkcûe bkhenckchebnb gspgkæackbfgetg pbrb gi gxpgench ng khfjustcjig y iujrckbe-

- Abkdbnb? Kheoueth ng pbrâfgtrhs qug khfphege kbnb ueh ng ihs ibnhs ng uebgxtgrchrgs gncackbkcûe. - Abkdbnb prcekcpbi? Gs bqugiib qug nb shjrg ueb væb pÿjickb, rgsbitbenh qug ueb gncackbkcûe qug sg gekugetrg ge ueb gsquceb tgenrâ fâs ng ueb abkdbnb prcekcpbi. - Argetg ng pbrkgib? Gs ib ncstbekcb getrg ihs icengrhs ibtgrbigs ng ueb pbrkgib qug sg barhetb b ueb væb. - Mbrbog? Gspbkch ngstcebnh b ib rgkgpkcûe, mubrnb y kusthncb ng vgdækuihs, kuyh sgrvckch gs gxkiuscvh ng ib vcvcgenb. - Dhfjrciih? Gspbkch pbvcfgetbnh bi fbrmge ng ueb kbizbnb ngstcebnh b jrgvgs pbrbnbs, ngtgekchegs ng gfgrmgekcb h gstbkchebfcgeth rgmuibnh ng vgdækuihs. - Dcpgrfgrkbnh? [he kgetrhs ngstcebnhs b hargkgr bi pÿjickh ib vgetb bi fbyhr h bi ngtbi ng jcgegs ng prcfgrb egkgscnbn. - Ibvbngrh? Gspbkch eh dbjctbjig ngnckbnh gspgkcbifgetg

tgs ng vgdækuihs buthfhthrgs, ge ibibvbnh qug tbfjcãe sg prgstbe htrhs sgrvckchs bacegs khfh y gemrbsg, vgetbs ng rgpugsths y pgrcqucths, getrg htrhs. Gstbkchebfcgeth? ^grrgeh, gncackch h gstrukturb ngstcebnhs b ib rgkgpkcûe, mubrnb y kusthncb ng vgdækuihs, kuyh sgrvckch sg prgstb bi pÿjickh ge mgegrbi. Gstbkchebfcgeth khfgrkcbi? Gs gi gspbkch ngsbrrhiibnh khfh ush prcekcpbi h gxkiuscvh ng ib pbrkgib, pbrb ib prgstbkcûe ngi sgrvckch ng gstbkchebfcgeth, kuyhs pugsths she biqucibnhs phr ue pgræhnh ngtgrfcebnh ge jbsg b ueb tbrcab prgstbjigkcnb. Gstbkchebfcgeth khekgschebnh pbrb ib mubrnb y kusthncb ng vgdækuihs b ibs hrngegs ng ibs buthrcnbngs? Gs gi gstbkchebfcgeth, bi kubi sg db hthrmbnh ueb khekgscûe pbrb ib mubrnb y kusthncb ng ihs vgdækuihs b ib hrnge ng ibs buthrcnbngs ng trâescth tgrrgstrg, kugrphs phickcbigs y trcjuebigs ng oustckcb. Gstbkchebfcgeth ge gstrukturb? Gs ib gncackbkcûe khe

bi ibvbnh, sgkbnh y pibekdbnh ng rhpb. - Icfctg urjbeh. urjbeh . Iæegb gevhivgetg qug ngaceg ibs ârgbs ngsbrrhiibnbs ng ueb kcunbn. - Icengrh? Iæfctg aæsckh h vcrtubi qug ngaceg gi ârgb ng ueb pbrkgib. - Fgzzbeceg? Ecvgi sctubnh getrg pibetb jbob y gi prcfgr pcsh ng ueb gncackbkcûe. - Fhncackbkcûe? Kbfjch ge ib gstrukturb pbrkgibrcb h cearbgstrukturb ng ue urjbecsfh< h trbesahrfbkcûe ng ue prhygkth h gncackbkcûe gxcstgetg sce bufgetbr ge giib su vhiufge h ârgb ng ujckbkcûe. - Eugvb gncackbkcûe? Ib khestrucnb ge ârgbs vbkbetgs, h ngshkupbnbs khfh khesgkugekcb ng ib ngfhickcûe ng htrbs prg-gxcstgetgs. - Pbrkgib? ^hnb ârgb ngicfctbnb ng tgrrgeh, rgsuitbetg ng ue prhkgsh ng pbrkgibfcgeth h urjbecsfh, h ng ib ncvcscûe ng ue ihtg ng fbyhr gxtgescûe. - Pbrkgib jcabfcicbr? Nhs (:) uecnbngs ng vcvcgenb phr

gstrukturb g cestbibkchegs pgrfbegetgs bi gstbkchebfcgeth ng vgdækuihs, puncgenh ngstcebnbs ngsbrrhiibrsg ge vbrchs ecvgigs ng sûtbeh h ge biturb, ge ihs kubigs ib fhvciczbkcûe ng vgdækuihs eh sg rgbiczb phr fgnchs fgkâeckhs. - Gstbkchebfcgeth ge supgrackcg h eh gstrukturbigs? Gs gi gspbkch bjcgrth pbrkcbifgetg h thtbifgetg kujcgrth khe gstrukturbs prhvcschebigs, pbvcfgeths ge pgragktbs khenckchegs ngjcnbfgetg ecvgibnhs, ngstcebnhs bi gstbkchebfcgeth, ehktureh h khetceuh ng vgdækuihs. - Gstbkchebfcgeth fgkâeckh? Gs ib gncackbkcûe khe gstrukturb g cestbibkchegs ngstcebnbs bi gstbkchebfcgeth ng vgdækuihs, kuyb fhvciczbkcûe sg rgbiczb b trbvãs ng gqucphs fgkâeckhs gspgkcbifgetg bkhenckchebnhs pbrb gstb tbrgb. - Gstbkchebfcgeth prcvbnh? Gs ib gncackbkcûe h gspbkch ngstcebnh b ib prgstbkcûe ngi sgrvckch ng gstbkchebfcgeth khfh ush khfpigfgetbrch b ib bktcvcnbn prce-

- pbrkgib. Pbrkgib fuitcabfcicbr? ^rgs (;) h fâs uecnbngs ng vcvcgenb phr pbrkgib. - Pbrkgib uecabfcicbr? Web uecnbn ng vcvcgenb phr pbrkgib. - Pbrkgibfcgeth h urjbeczbkcûe? Ncvcscûe ng ue tgrrgeh ge pbrkgibs y ib rgbiczbkcûe ng ihs ngfâs trbjbohs y hjrbs egkgsbrcbs, pbrb sgr utciczbnh kbjbifgetg, sgmÿe gi ush ng sugih y gi tcph ng zhecackbkcûe gstbjigkcnh ge ihs pibegs y hrngebezbs khrrgsphencgetgs. - Pbsbrgib? Ncsphsctcvh gxkiuscvh pbrb gi trâescth pgbthebi, ngsbrrhiibnh gstrukturbifgetg b ue ecvgi ncagrgetg bi ng ib væb ng kcrkuibkcûe vgdckuibr qug btrbvcgsb, khfprgencgenh rbfpbs h gskbigrbs ng bkkgsh. - Phrkgetbog ng ujckbkcûe?  ujckbkcûe?  Gs ib prhphrkcûe gxcstgetg getrg gi ârgb hkupbnb phr ib gncackbkcûe y gi ârgb ng ib pbrkgib. - Phrkgetbog ng khestrukkcûe? Gs ib prhphrkcûe gxcstgetg

kcpbi ng ib pbrkgib, ihs kubigs sûih pugnge sgr utciczb-

getrg gi ârgb thtbi ng khestrukkcûe ng ib gncackbkcûe y gi

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  MBKG^B FWECKCPBI NGI FWECKCPCH [BE AZBEKC[KH 

ârgb thtbi ng ib pbrkgib. - [grvcnufjrg? Gs ib ngehfcebkcûe ng ue tcph ng  ng  ngrgkdh rgbi qug icfctb gi nhfcech ng ue prgnch ngehfcebnh auenh scrvcgetg ge abvhr ng ibs egkgscnbngs ng htrh iibfbnh auenh nhfcebetg pgrtgegkcgetg b htrb pgrsheb. - Pãrmhib? Gigfgeth khestruktcvh utciczbnh pbrb tgkdbr pbrkcbifgetg phrkdgs, pbtchs, tgrrbzbs, mbrbogs, gtk., khihkbnhs ge ahrfb rgpgtctcvb ng tbi fbegrb qug pgrfctbe gi pbsh ng ib iuz y vgetcibkcûe.

sg ihkbiczb. - [gfc-sûtbeh? Gs ib pbrtg ng ib gncackbkcûe kuyhs pbrbfgeths gxtgrchrgs tcgege thnhs eh fgehs ng ibs trgs kubrtbs (;/>) pbrtgs phr ngjboh ngi ecvgi ng ib kbiig, eh puncgenh shjrgsbicr fâs ng ue fgtrh khe vgcetg kgetæfgtrhs (2.:0 f.). - [ûtbeh? Gs ib pbrtg ng ib gncackbkcûe kuyhs pbrbfgeths gxtgrchrgs tcgege thnhs eh fgehs ng ibs trgs kubrtbs pbrtgs (;/>) ng su biturb phr ngjboh ngi ecvgi ng ib kbiig.

? - Pgrsheb khe ncskbpbkcnbn Gs ueb pgrsheb sgetb bitgrbkcûe ng ib bptctun pbrb rgbiczbr bimh.qug prg- Pgrsheb khe fhvcicnbn rgnukcnb? ^hnb pgrsheb qug prgsgetb ueb ncskbpbkcnbn egurhfhthrb y qug pugnge byunbrsg khe rgkurshs buxcicbrgs (tbigs khfh? Benbngrbs, jbsthegs, fuigtbs y sciibs ng rugnbs) h ge htrbs kcrkuestbekcbs gspgkæackbs? Jgjãs, fuogrgs gfjbrbzbnbs, bekcbehs, pgrshebs hjgsbs, ng fuy jbob h fuy bitb gstbturb h phrtbnhrbs ng bimÿe tcph ng kbrmb h gquph. - Phiæmheh? Ngicfctbkcûe gspbkcbi ng ibs zhebs ge qug sg ncvcng gi ârgb urjbeb ngi Fueckcpch ng [be Arbekcskh. - Zbfpb? Pibeh cekicebnh qug khegktb ue ecvgi khe htrh. - Zbfpb ge bkgrb? Pibeh cekicebnh qug khegktb ib bkgrb khe ib supgrackcg ng rhnbfcgeth. - Zbekdh?  Zbekdh?  Qcvcgenb prgkbrcb y prhvcschebi qug eh sbtcsabkg ibs fæecfbs khenckchegs ng dbjctbjcicnbn - Zgaumch? Gspbkch ng gxtgescûe ibtgrbi ng ueb kbizbnb,

- ^biigr brtgsbebi? Gncackbkcûe ngstcebnb b ib ng abjrckbkcûe, khe gqucphs nhfãstckhs ng ush khrrcgetg, brtækuihs brtgsbebigs ng kubiqucgr fbtgrcb prcfb h ngrcvbnb ng gstâ< qug eh sgbe khetbfcebetgs h nbòcebs pbrb ib sbiun. - Wsh? Ngstceh qug sg bscmeb b ueb pbrkgib h gncackbkcûe. - Wsh kheahrfg? Gi qug sg khrrgspheng khe bimueh ng ihs gstbjigkcnhs khfh prcekcpbigs, sgkuenbrchs h gqucpbfcgeths urjbehs ge gstb hrngebezb, pbrb ib zheb nheng sg ihkbickg. - Wsh cekhfpbtcjig? Gs gi qug eh sg khrrgspheng khe ib ngaceckcûe ng ihs pgrfctcnhs ge ueb ngtgrfceb nb zheb khfh prcekcpbigs, sgkuenbrchs y gqucpbfcgeth urjbeh. - Wsh eh kheahrfg? Gi qug sg khrrgsphencû khe bimuehs ng  ihs  gstbjigkcnhs  ge  ib  hrngebezb qug  rgmæb  khe  betgrchrcnbn pbrb ib zheb nheng sg db gstbjigkcnh, pgrh qug ngjcnh b ib rgahrfb ng bqugiib h ib pugstb ge vcmgekcb ng ueb eugvb, pbsh b sgr ue ush qug eh sg boustb b

ncspugsth gi ushpbrbnbs ng vgdækuihs ge gspgrbbing pbsh, fbechjrbspbrb ng mcrh, y ngtgekchegs fbrmge ng ib væb. Zgdbjcictbkcûe? Gqucpbr ueb gncackbkcûe betcmub khe gi hjogth ng dbjcictbrib pbrb nbrig gi ush bi qug aug ngstcebnb kubenh aug khestrucnb h kubiqucgr htrh kûesheh khe ib zhecackbkcûe bktubi khrrgsphencgetg. Zgpbrkgibfcgeth? [ujncvcscûe h fhncackbkcûe ng pbrkgibs ngetrh ng ue pbrkgibfcgeth gxcstgetg h bprhjbnh phr ib buthrcnbn urjbeb khfpgtgetg. Zgpbrbkcûe (rgabkkcûe)? ^hnb hjrb ngstcebnb b gefgenbr kubiqucgr ngtgrchrh gxcstgetg ge ueb gncackbkcûe. Zgsgrvb urjbeb. urjbeb. Gs bqugiib ârgb cekiucnb ngetrh ngi pgræfgtrh urjbeh ng ib kcunbn qug gvgetubifgetg phnrâ ngsbrrhiibrsg ge jbsg b ceahrfgs prgvchs qug ih oustcacquge phr pbrtg ng ibs buthrcnbngs khfpgtgetgs. Zgstburbkcûe?  Bkkcûe ncrcmcnb b ib khesgrvbkcûe ng ibs Zgstburbkcûe? Bkkcûe gncackbkchegs h gspbkchs urjbehs khe gi hjogth ng

ibs ncsphsckchegs shjrg khfh gi ushprgnhfcebetg ng sugih. - Wsh prcekcpbi? Gs vcmgetgs gi gstbjigkcnh ng ueb ngtgrfcebnb zheb hkupbenh ib fbyhr pbrtg ng su gspbkch icjrg y gncackbnh. - Wsh sgkuenbrch? Gs gi gstbjigkcnh y khfpbtcjig khe gi ush prcekcpbi gi kubi pugng khfpigfgetbr y rgahrzbr su auekchebfcgeth, hkupbenh fgehs gspbkch qug ãstg. - Wecnbn ng vcvcgenb? Gs ueb gncackbkcûe h pbrtg ng giib, khe bkkgsh cengpgencgetg, ge ib kubi pugng dbjctbr ue cencvcnuh h ueb abfcicb ncsphegr pbrb su ush gxkiuscvh ng sctchs pbrb gstbr, nhrfcr, khfgr, khkcebr y bsgbrsg, sgpbrbnhs h cetgmrbnhs. - Qbihr pbtrcfhecbi? Gs ib kubicnbn ng ue jcge qug dbkg qug phr sus kbrbktgræstckbs dcstûrckbs, brquctgktûeckbs, scfjûickbs, tcphiûmckbs, bfjcgetbigs y/h shkch-rgagrgekcbigs ahrfg pbrtg ngi pbtrcfhech kuiturbi ng ue pugjih. - Qbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs? Gigfgeths rgmuibnhrgs ngi ngsbrrhiih urjbeh gstcpuibnhs ge ib Igy Hr-

khesgrvbr susy/h kbrbktgræstckbs tãkeckbs khestruktcvbs ihs fbtgrcbigsbrquctgktûeckbs, prhpchs ng su tcphihmæb hrcmcebi. Zgtcrh? Ncstbekcb fæecfb qug ngjg gxcstcr getrg ueh ng ihs icengrhs ng ueb pbrkgib y ib abkdbnb rgspgktcvb ng ib gncackbkcûe ujckbnb ge gsb pbrkgib. Zgtcrh ng argetg? Ncstbekcb fæecfb qug ngjg gxcstcr getrg gi icengrh ng argetg h ib bagktbkcûe vcbi, sc ib dujcgrg, y ib abkdbnb arhetbi ng ib gncackbkcûe ujckbnb ge gsb pbrkgib. Zgtcrh ibtgrbi? Ncstbekcb fæecfb qug ngjg gxcstcr getrg gi icengrh ibtgrbi ng ueb pbrkgib y ib abkdbnb ibtgrbi ng ib gncackbkcûe ujckbnb ge gsb pbrkgib. Zgtcrh ng ahenh? Ncstbekcb fæecfb qug ngjg gxcstcr getrg gi icengrh ng ahenh ng ueb pbrkgib y ib abkdbnb phstgrchr ng ib gncackbkcûe ujckbnb ge gsb pbrkgib. Zgtrbequgh? Zgtcrh qug sg dbkg b ueb gncackbkcûe fâs btrâs ng ib bicegbkcûe mgegrbi, khe rgspgkth bi qug prg-

mâeckb Wrjbeæstckb (IHHW) y ibs gstbjigkcnbsnggeHrngebkcûe gstb Hrngebezb. Qgrgnb? Kbfceh bemhsth ng ush pÿjickh gxkiuscvh pbrb gi trâescth pgbthebi, qug scrvg ng bkkgsh b pbrkgibs y gncackchs, khe ue bekdh fæecfh ng ue fgtrh khe vgcetg kgetæfgtrhs (2,:0 f) y ue fâxcfh ng ue fgtrh khe hkdgetb kgetæfgtrhs (2,40 f.). Qæb prcvbnb? Ibs khrrgsphencgetgs b ueb urjbeczbkcûe, pbrkgibfcgeth, h kubiqucgr htrh ngsbrrhiih urjbeæstckh kgrrbnh, kuyh sgrvckch y fbetgecfcgeth khrrgsphenge b sus prhpcgtbrchs h khprhpcgtbrchs phr sgr ng ush gxkiuscvh ng ãsths y ng sus vcsctbetgs. Qæb pÿjickb? Gspbkch pÿjickh ngstcebnh bi trâescth vgdckuibr y pgbthebi ng ib phjibkcûe ge mgegrbi. Qcvcgenb uecabfcicbr? Gncackbkcûe qug scrvg ng bijgrmug b ueb shib abfcicb. Qcvcgenb uecabfcicbr bcsibnb? Gncackbkcûe kheahrfbnb phr ueb vcvcgenb qug eh gstâ bnhsbnb phr ecemueh ng

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sgetbe gi rgsth ng ibs gncackbkchegs ngi khetgxth nheng

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sus ibnhs b htrb vcvcgenb.

 

1

  MBKG^B FWECKCPBI NGI FWECKCPCH [BE AZBEKC[KH 

- Qcvcgenb uecabfcicbr khetceub? Ib gncackbkcûe kheahrfbnb phr vbrcbs vcvcgenbs uecabfcicbrgs bnhsbnbs b nhs h fâs ng sus ibnhs ahrfbenh acibs h mruphs. - Qcvcgenb uecabfcicbr pbrgbnb? Ib gncackbkcûe kheahrfbnb phr nhs uecnbngs ng vcvcgenb uecabfcicbrgs bnhsbnbs phr ueh ng sus ibnhs. - Qcvcgenb jcabfcicbr  bcsibnb? Gncackbkcûe kheahrfbnb phr nhs (:) uecnbngs ng vcvcgenb uecabfcicbr supgrpugstbs, ngjcgenh tgegr bkkgshs cengpgencgetgs. - Qcvcgenb jcabfcicbr Gncackbkcûe phr nhs (:) uecnbngspbrgbnb? ng vcvcgenb jcabfcicbrkheahrfbnb bnhsbnbs phr ueh ng sus ibnhs, pbrb nbr bijgrmug b kubtrh (>) abfcicbs, ngjcgenh tgegr bkkgshs cengpgencgetgs. - Qcvcgenb fuitcabfcicbr? ^rgs (;) h fâs uecnbngs ng vcvcgenb supgrpugstbs h eh, qug khfpbrtge jcgegs y sgrvckchs khfuegs. - _heb? Kbnb ueh ng ihs phiæmhehs ge qug sg sujncvcng gi ârgb urjbeb ngi Fueckcpch [be Arbekcskh b ihs gagkths ng ib bpickbkcûe ng ibs vbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs ng ib prgsgetg Hrngebezb. - _hecackbkcûe? Kheoueth ng khetrhigs rgibtcvhs b ibs vbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs bpickbnhs b ibs ncagrgetgs zhebs b ace ng rgmuibr gi ush ngi sugih urjbeh. KBPÆ^WIH CCC NG IB ZGMWIBKCÛE NG^BIIBNB NGI W[H NGI [WGIH  S NGICFC^BKCÛE NG IB[ _HEB[ G[PGKÆACKB[ Brtækuih 2=.  2=.  B ihs gagkths ng ngicfctbr gi rãmcfge urjbeæstckh bpickbjig, sg gstbjigkge y ngskrcjge ibs scmucgetgs  kibscackbkchegs  ngi  ârgb  urjbeb?   Ârgbs  ngsbrrhiibnbs,  ârgbs eh ngsbrrhiibnbs, ârgbs ebturbigs prhtgmcnbs h ng ush gspgkcbi. Ârgbs ngsbrrhiibnbs  ngsbrrhiibnbs  Brtækuih 24.  24.  [g khescngrbe ârgbs ngsbrrhiibnbs ibs pbrkgibs gncackbnbs h vbkbetgs nhtbnbs ng cearbgstrukturb urjbeb, nheng gs phscjig ib khestrukkcûe ng eugvbs gncackbkchegs, ib rgkhestrukkcûe h fhncackbkcûe ng gncackbkchegs gxcstgetgs. [g gstbjigkge pbrb ibs ârgbs ngsbrrhiibnbs ibs scmucgetgs zhebs? Ârgbs rgscngekcbigs, ârgbs khfgrkcbigs, ârgbs cenustrcbigs y ârgbs ng sgrvckchs ng gqucpbfcgeths urjbehs? b) Ârgbs - _heb rgscngekcbigs Z-;? Wsh Zgscngekcbi ; - _heb Z->? Wsh Zgscngekcbi > - _heb Z-7? Wsh Zgscngekcbi 7 j) Ârgbs khfgrkcbigs - _heb K-I? Khfgrkch Ihkbi  Ihkbi  - _heb K-Q? Khfgrkch Qgkcebi  Qgkcebi   - _heb K-K? Khfgrkch Khfuebi  Khfuebi  - _heb [-C? [grvckch Cenustrcbi.  Cenustrcbi.  k) Ârgbs cenustrcbigs - _heb Cenustrcbi (_-C) n) Ârgbs ng sgrvckchs ng gqucpbfcgeths urjbehs - _heb Gnukbkchebi? _-G. - _heb Wecvgrsctbrcb. - _heb Bscstgekcbi? _-B. - [grvckchs [hkcbigs? [-[. - _heb Qgrng? _-Q - _heb Zgkrgbkchebi? _-Z. - _heb Ngphrtcvb? ng Ârgb ng_-N. Prhtgkkcûe? _-P.

- _heb ng ârgb Zurbi? B-Z. Ârgbs eh ngsbrrhiibnbs  ngsbrrhiibnbs  Brtækuih 23.  23.  [g khescngrbe ârgbs eh ngsbrrhiibnbs bqugiibs ârgbs vbkbetgs khe supgrackcg fbyhr ng ueb dgktârgb, sce ush y sce cearbgstrukturb urjbeb, nheng eh gs phscjig ib khestrukkcûe ng gncackbkchegs sce ueb bkkcûe prgvcb ng urjbeczbkcûe. Ârgbs prhtgmcnbs h ng gspgkcbi gspgkcbi  Brtækuih :0.ebturbigs [he bqugiihs gspbkchs ngiush tgrrcthrch eb-   kchebi qug phr sus kbrbktgræstckb gspgkcbi, ihkbiczbkcûe y nceâfckb, rgqucgrge sgr shfgtcnhs b ue rãmcfge gspgkcbi ng fbegoh, mgegrbifgetg khe acegs ng bprhvgkdbfcgeth bmrækhib, ng sgmurcnbn y ngagesb, ng cetgrãs turæstckh y htrhs. [g ngstbkb qug gstbs ârgbs she bnfcecstrbnbs phr gi Fcecstgrch ngi Bfjcgetg bktubifgetg Fcecstgrch ng Phngr  Phpuibr  pbrb Qcvcgenb, Dâjctbt y Gkhshkcbicsfh. KBPÆ^WIH CQ _HEB ZG[CNGEKCBI Z-; (W[H WECABFCICBZ S JCABFCICBZ) Brtækuih :2. Ngsbrrhiihs gsphetâeghs kheshicnbnhs khe pbrkgibs ng ncagrgetgs rbemhs, ge ibs qug prgnhfcebe, gi ush ng vcvcgenbs uecabfcicbrgs bcsibnbs, phnrâe ngsbrrhiibrsg bktcvcnbngs ng khfgrkch ihkbi bcsibnbs g cetgmrbnbs b ibs vcvcgenbs, ib kubi ngpgengrâ ng ihs gstunchs ngtbiib-nhs pbrb su kheshicnbkcûe y rgmibfgetbkcûe. Khe ueb ngescnbn egtb bprhxcfbnb ng 200 dbj/db y ng 2:7 dbj/db, kbikuibnb ge jbsg b ue prhfgnch abfcicbr ng 1 y 7 pgrshebs rgspgktcvbfgetg. Brtækuih ::. Ihs ushs pgrfctcnhs ge gstb zheb she? B) Wshs prcekcpbigs? Qcvcgenb uecabfcicbr bcsibnb y jcabfcicbr bcsibnb. [g pgrfctcrâ ib khestrukkcûe, rgkhestrukkcûe h fhncackbkcûe ng gncackbkchegs ngstcebnbs b ihs scmucgetgs ushs? b) Qcvcgenb uecabfcicbr bcsibnb. j) Hackcebs h gstunchs pbrb prhagschebigs rgscngetgs ge ibs fcsfbs vcvcgenbs. k) Dhtgigs ng turcsfh khe bprhjbkcûe prgvcb y ge ârgbs fbyhrgs ng ;.000 f :. J) ushs Wshskhfpigfgetbrchs khfpigfgetbrchs? Ibscenckbnhs gncackbkchegs pbrbtgegr ihs bjboh ngjgrâe ib bprhjbkcûe prgvcb ng ib Hackceb Ihkbi ng Pibecackbkcûe Wrjbeb? b) Gncackbkchegs nhkgetgs. j) Gncackbkchegs pbrb fusghs, jcjichtgkbs y sbibs ng rguechegs, kubenh rgqucgrbe pbrkgibs khe ârgbs fgehr ng trgs fci (;.000) fgtrhs kubnrbnhs. k) Gncackbkchegs rgicmchsbs. n) Gncackbkchegs bscstgekcbigs sce dhspctbiczbkcûe. g) Gncackbkchegs pbrb gstbkchegs tgigaûeckbs h pbrb sujgstbkchegs giãktrckbs, kubenh eh cekiuybe sgrvckchs khfgrkcbigs. a) Pbrqugs pÿjickhs ng rgkrgbkcûe pbscvb. m) Kuitcvh ng aihrgs. d) Khfgrkch ihkbi (K-I) ge ibs gncackbkchegs rgscngekcbigs scgfprg qug sgb auekcûe sgkuenbrcb ngi ush rgscngekcbi, khe ib bprhjbkcûe prgvcb ng ib Hackceb Ihkbi ng Pibegbfcgeth ujckbnb ge ibs zhebs sgòbibnbs ge ihs pibehsWrjbeh, ng zhecackbkcûe.

 

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  MBKG^B FWECKCPBI NGI FWECKCPCH [BE AZBEKC[KH 

K) Wshs cekhfpbtcjigs? [he cekhfpbtcjigs bi ush Z-; thnhs bqugiihs eh cenckbnhs khfh ushs prcekcpbigs h khfpigfgetbrchs ngi prgsgetg brtækuih.

b) Qcvcgenb Wecabfcicbr Bcsibnb. j) Hackcebs h gstunchs pbrb prhagschebigs rgscngetgs ge ibs fcsfbs vcvcgenbs. k) Dhtgigs h pgeschegs ge ârgbs fbyhrgs ng :.000 F :. n) Bshkcbkchegs y Kiujs ge ârgbs fbyhrgs ng ;.000 F : 

Qbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs  auenbfgetbigs  Brtækuih :;. Ib khestrukkcûe, rgkhestrukkcûe h fhncackbkcûe ng ihs ushs pgrfctcnhs ge ib _heb Z-; sg rgmcrâe phr ibs vbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs qug sg gstbjigkge ge gi scmucgetg kubnrh?

J) Wshs khfpigfgetbrchs? Ibs gncackbkchegs pbrb ihs ushs khfpigfgetbrchs bjboh cenckbnhs ngjgrâe tgegr ib bprhjbkcûe prgvcb ng ib Hackceb Ihkbi ng Pibegbfcgeth Wrjbeh? nhkgetgs. b) Gncackbkchegs j) Gncackbkchegs pbrb fusghs, jcjichtgkbs y sbibs ng rguechegs, kubenh rgqucgrbe pbrkgibs khe ârgb fgehr ng trgs fci (;.000) fgtrhs kubnrbnhs. k) Gncackbkchegs rgicmchsbs. n) Gncackbkchegs bscstgekcbigs sce dhspctbiczbkcûe. g) Gncackbkchegs pbrb gstbkchegs tgigaûeckbs h pbrb sujgstbkchegs giãktrckbs, kubenh eh cekiuybe sgrvckchs khfgrkcbigs. a) Pbrqugs pÿjickhs ng rgkrgbkcûe pbscvb. m) Khfgrkch ihkbi (K-I), ge ibs gncackbkchegs rgscngekcbigs scgfprg qug sgb auekcûe sgkuenbrcb ngi ush rgscngekcbi, khe ib bprhjbkcûe prgvcb ng ib Hackceb Ihkbi ng Pibegbfcgeth Wrjbeh, ujckbnhs ge ibs zhebs sgòbibnbs ge ihs pibehs ng zhecackbkcûe. d) Khfgrkch vgkcebi (K-Q), ge ihs sctchs cenckbnhs ge gi pibeh ng zhecackbkcûe.

BZGB PHZKGE^BOG PHZKGE^BOG ZG^CZH ZG^CZH ZG^CZH NGE[CNBN BI^WZB FCECFB NG FÂTCFH NG FÂTCFH NG FCECFH NG FCECFH FCECFH NG W[H EG^B FBTCFB PBZKGIB WJCKBKCÛE KHE[^ZWKKCÛE AZGE^G IB^GZBI AHENH (DBJ/DB) (PIBE^B[) (F:) (%) (%) (F) (F) (F)

QW QJ

2:0 270

200 2:7

10 10

2:0 200

> >

; ;

; ;

; ;

Gstbkchebfcgeth ng vgdækuihs Brtækuih :>. Ge kbnb pbrkgib sg rgqugrcrâ ng ue gspbkch pbrb gstbkchebr (2) vgdækuih phr kbnb uecnbn ng vcvcgenb. Ge kbsh ng sgr tgkdbnh sgrâ khfputbnh ngetrh ngi ârgb ng ujckbkcûe pgrfctcnb, puncgenh ujckbrsg shjrg kubiqucgrb ng ihs rgtcrhs ibtgrbigs. ^higrbekcbs   ^higrbekcbs Brtækuih :7. Ge ibs ârgbs yb ngsbrrhiibnbs sg bkgptbe ibs scmucgetgs thigrbekcbs? b) Zgspgkth bi ârgb fæecfb, sg pgrfctg ue 27 % ngi ârgb cenckbnb ge gi brtækuih :;. j) Kubenh ib pbrkgib tgemb fgehs ng 2> fgtrhs, sg pgrfctcrâe rgtcrhs ibtgrbigs ng : fgtrhs y ue fâxcfh ng : pibetbs. Qhibnczhs   Qhibnczhs Brtækuih :1. [g pgrfctge ’kugrphs kgrrbnhs‖ ge vhibnczh dbstb ueb ncfgescûe eh fbyhr ng =0 kgetæfgtrhs, shjrg ihs rgtcrhs ibtgrbigs y ng ahenh ge ibs pibetbs bitbs. ¾ KBPÆ^WIH Q _HEB ZG[CNGEKCBI Z-> (W[H WECABFCICBZ S JCABFCICBZ)

K) Wshs cekhfpbtcjigs? [he cekhfpbtcjigs bi ush Z-> thnhs bqugiihs eh cenckbnhs khfh ushs prcekcpbigs h khfpigfgetbrchs ngi prgsgetg brtækuih. Qbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs  auenbfgetbigs  Brtækuih :3. Ib khestrukkcûe, rgkhestrukkcûe h fhncackbkcûe ng ihs ushs pgrfctcnhs ge ib _heb BZ-> sg rgmcrâe phr ibs Qbrcbjigs Wrjbebs Auenbfgetbigs qug sg gstbjigkge ge gi scmucgetg kubnrh? BZGB PHZKGE^BOG PHZKGE^BOG ZG^CZH ZG^CZH ZG^CZH NGE[CNBN BI^WZB FCECFB NG FÂTCFH NG FÂTCFH NG FCECFH NG FCECFH FCECFH NG W[H EG^B FBTCFB PBZKGIB WJCKBKCÛE KHE[^ZWKKCÛE AZGE^G IB^GZBI AHENH (DBJ/DB) (PIBE^B[) (F:) (%) (%) (F) (F) (F)

QW QJ

:00 ;70

270 :=0

10 10

40 40

> >

; ;

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Brtækuih :=.  :=.  Khrrgspheng b ihs ngsbrrhiihs rgscngekcbigs qug prgsgetbe ue cekcpcgetg kbfjch tcphiûmckh ng vcvcgenb uecabfcicbr phr fuitcabfcicbr, khe ueb ngescnbn egtb fâxcfb ng 740 dbj/db y ueb biturb fâxcfb ng ;: fts., ngsbrrhiibnb ge 20 ecvgigs. [g pgrfctcrâ gi khfgrkch ihkbi (KI) khfgrkch vgkcebi (KQ), nheng ih sgòbig gi pibeh ng zhecackbkcûe khe ueb ngescnbn egtb bprhxcfbnb ng 270 dbj/db ncsibnb ge jbsg b ue prhfgnch abfcicbr ng 7 pgrshebs.

Gstbkchebfcgeth ng vgdækuihs Brtækuih ;0. [g gxcmcrâ? b) We (2) gspbkch pbrb gstbkchebr ue (2) vgdækuih pbrb gi kbsh ng vcvcgenb uecabfcicbr bcsibnb h pbrgbnb. j) Nhs (:) gspbkchs pbrb gstbkchebr vgdækuihs ge gi kbsh ng vcvcgenb jcabfcicbr bcsibnb h pbrgbnb. Ge kbshs ng sgr tgkdbnhs sgrâe khfputbnhs ngetrh ngi ârgb ng ujckbkcûe pgrfctcnb.

- Qcvcgenb Jcabfcicbr, bcsibnb pbrgbnb khe ueb ngescnbn egtb bprhxcfbnb ng :00 dbj/db kbikuibnh ge jbsg b ue prhfgnch abfcicbr ng > pgrshebs.

^higrbekcbs Brtckuih ;2. Ge ibs ârgbs yb ngsbrrhiibnbs sg bkgptb ib scmucgetg thigrbekcb?

Brtækuih :4. Ihs ushs pgrfctcnhs ge gstb _heb she? B) Wshs prcekcpbigs? Qcvcgenb uecabfcicbr bcsibnb y uecabfcicbr pbrgbnb, vcvcgenb jcabfcicbr bcsibnb y jcabfcicbr pbrgbnb. [g pgrfctcrâ ib khestrukkcûe, rgkhestrukkcûe h fhncackbkcûe ng gncackbkchegs ngstcebnbs b ihs scmucgetgs ushs?

- Zgspgkth bi ârgb fæecfb sg pgrfctg ue 20% ngi ârgb cenckbnb ge gi brtækuih :3. Qhibnczhs Brtckuih ;:. [g pgrfctge pgrfctge ’kugrphs kgrrbnhs‖ ge vhibnczh dbstb ueb ncfgescûe eh fbyhr ng =0 kgetæfgtrhs, shjrg ihs rgtcrhs ibtgrbigs y ng ahenh ge ibs pibetbs bitbs

 

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  MBKG^B FWECKCPBI NGI FWECKCPCH [BE AZBEKC[KH 

KBPÆ^WIH QC _HEB ZG[CNGEKCBI Z-7 (W[H FWI^CABFCICBZ)

j) [c ib vcvcgenb fuitcabfcicbr sg khestruyg shjrg pcihtgs khe ueb biturb eh fbyhr ng :.:0 fgtrhs, gstb phnrâ utciczbrsg khfh gstbkchebfcgeth

Brtækuih ;;. Qcvcgenb fuitcabfcicbr khe ueb ngescnbn egtb bprhxcfbnb ng >00 dbj/db kbikuibnb ge jbsg b ue prhfgnch abfcicbr ng > pgrshebs.  pgrshebs.  Brtækuih ;>. Ihs ushs pgrfctcnhs ge gstb zheb she?  she?   B) Wshs prcekcpbigs? [g pgrfctcrâ ib khestrukkcûe, rgkhestrukkcûe h fhncackbkcûe ng gncackbkchegs ngstcebnbs b ihs scmucgetgs ushs? b) Qcvcgenb uecabfcicbr bcsibnb. j) Hackcebs h gstunchs pbrb prhagschebigs rgscngetgs ge ibs fcsfbs vcvcgenbs. k) Dhtgigs ge ârgbs fbyhrgs ng 2.000 F :. n) Bshkcbkchegs y kiujs ge ârgbs fbyhrgs ng :.700 F :.  g) Qcvcgenb Fuitcabfcicbr, ngskrctb ge gi prgsgetg Kbpætuih. J) Wshs khfpigfgetbrchs? Ibs gncackbkchegs pbrb ihs ushs khfpigfgetbrchs bjboh cenckbnhs ngjgrâe tgegr ib bprhjbkcûe prgvcb ng ib Hackceb Ihkbi ng Pibegbfcgeth Wrjbeh? b) Gncackbkchegs nhkgetgs. j) Gncackbkchegs pbrb fusghs, jcjichtgkbs y sbibs ng rguechegs, kubenh rgqucgrbe pbrkgibs khe ârgb fgehr ng trgs fci (;.000) fgtrhs kubnrbnhs. k) Gncackbkchegs rgicmchsbs. n) Gncackbkchegs bscstgekcbigs khe dhspctbiczbkcûe. g) Gncackbkchegs pbrb gstbkchegs tgigaûeckbs h pbrb sujgstbkchegs giãktrckbs, kubenh eh cekiuybe sgrvckchs khfgrkcbigs. a) Pbrqugs pÿjickhs ng rgkrgbkcûe pbscvb. m) Khfgrkch Ihkbi (K-I), ge ibs gncackbkchegs rgscngekcbigs scgfprg qug sgb auekcûe sgkuenbrcb ngi ush rgscngekcbi khe ib bprhjbkcûe prgvcb ng ib Hackceb Ihkbi  ng  Pibegbfcgeth  Wrjbeh,  ujckbnhs  ge  ibs  zhebs sgòbibnbs ge ihs pibehs ng zhecackbkcûe. d) Khfgrkch Qgkcebi (K-Q), ge ibs pibetbs jbobs ng nckdbs gncackbkchegs ge ibs zhebs qug bsæ sg cencqug ge gi pibeh ng zhecackbkcûe y prgvcb bprhjbkcûe ng ib Hackceb Ihkbi ng Pibegbfcgeth Wrjbeh g Cemgecgræb Fueckcpbi. K) thnhs Wshs bqugiihs cekhfpbtcjigs? [he cekhfpbtcjigs bi ush Z-7 eh cenckbnhs khfh ushs prcekcpbigs h khfpigfgetbrchs ngi prgsgetg brtækuih. Qbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs  auenbfgetbigs  Brtækuih ;7. Ib khestrukkcûe, rgkhestrukkcûe h fhncackbkcûe ng ihs ushs pgrfctcnhs ge ib _heb Z-7 sg rgmcrâe phr ibs vbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs qug sg gstbjigkge ge gi scmucgetg kubnrh? BZGB PHZKGE^BOG PHZKGE^BOG ZG^CZH ZG^CZH ZG^CZH NGE[CNBN BI^WZB FCECFB NG FÂTCFH NG FÂTCFH NG FCECFH NG FCECFH FCECFH NG W[H EG^B FBTCFB PBZKGIB WJCKBKCÛE KHE[^ZWKKCÛE AZGE^G IB^GZBI AHENH (DBJ/DB) (PIBE^B[) (F:) (%) (%) (F) (F) (F)

QW QJ

:70 400

:00 >00

10 >0

40 2:0

> 1

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; >

: >

^higrbekcbs   ^higrbekcbs Brtækuih ;=. Ge ibs ârgbs yb ngsbrrhiibnbs sg bkgptbe ibs scmucgetgs thigrbekcbs? b) Zgspgkth bi ârgb fæecfb sg pgrfctg ue 27% ngi ârgb cenckbnb ge gi brtækuih ;> j) Ibs pbrkgibs qug eh kufpibe khe gi ârgb fæecfb sg rgmcrâe phr ibs khenckchegs ng ib _heb Z-> khe ue fâxcfh ng trgs (;) pibetbs. Qhibnczhs  Qhibnczhs  Brtækuih ;4. [g pgrfctge ’kugrphs kgrrbnhs‖ ge vhibnczh dbstb ueb ncfgescûe eh fbyhr ng =0 kgetæfgtrhs, shjrg ihs rgtcrhs ibtgrbigs y ng ahenh ge ibs pibetbs bitbs. KBPÆ^WIH QCC _HEB K-I? KHFGZKCH IHKBI Brtækuih ;3. [g getcgeng phr Khfgrkch Ihkbi (KI) bqugiibs bktcvcnbngs khfgrkcbigs qug sbtcsabkge ibs egkgscnbngs ncbrcbs fâs cefgncbtbs ng ihs rgscngetgs ng ue sgkthr b gskbib ihkbi, kuyh bikbekg sgb ng rgkhrrcnh pgbthebi y ÿeckbfgetg khe vgetbs bi ngtbi. Brtækuih >0. >0. Ihs ushs pgrfctcnhs ge gstb zheb she? B) Wshs prcekcpbigs? Ge ibs zhebs K-I sg pgrfctcrâ ib khestrukkcûe, rgkhestrukkcûe h fhncackbkcûe ng ibs gncackbkchegs ngstcebnbs b ihs scmucgetgs ushs? Cestbibkchegs khfgrkcbigs, pbrb ib prgstbkcûe ng sgrvckchs y vgetb bi ngtbi ng brtækuihs ng khesufh qug sbtcsabmbe ibs egkgscnbngs ncbrcbs ng ihs dbjctbetgs ng ibs zhebs rgscngekcbigs. Nckdhs ushs she? Kbsbs ng bjbsths, qucekbiigræbs, arutgræbs, aihrcstgræbs, agrrgtgræbs, kbreckgræbs, pgskbngræbs, pbebngræb y rgphstgræb, dgibngræbs, kbaã-augetgs ng shnb sce gxpgenchs ng ickhrgs, sbihegs ng jgiigzb y jbrjgræbs, pgnckurg y fbsbog, abrfbkcbs, vgetb ng rgvcstbs y pbpgigræbs, rgpbrbkchegs ng pihfgræb, ibthegræb y gigktrckcnbn, rgpbrbkchegs ng kbizbnh, rgkgpthræbs y ncstrcjukcûe ng rhpbs y htrhs fbtgrcbigs ngstcebnhs b ibvbengræbs y tcethrgræbs y htrhs khfgrkchs ng K-I. qug eh khetrbncmbe gi krctgrch mgegrbi ngi ush J) Wshs khfpigfgetbrchs? Prgvcb khesuitb y bprhjbkcûe ng ib Cemgecgræb Fueckcpbi y ib Hackceb Ihkbi ng Pibecackbkcûe Wrjbeb, sg pgrfctcrâ? b) Bktcvcnbngs brtgsbebigs fgehrgs qug eh gfpigge fâs ng kcekh (7) pgrshebs y qug utcickge shibfgetg gqucphs ng ushs khrrcgetgs ge gi dhmbr. j) Hackcebs phstbigs. K) Wshs cekhfpbtcjigs? Ge ib zheb K-I ihs scmucgetgs ushs sg khescngrbe cekhfpbtcjigs? Jbrgs, auegrbrcbs, kbekdbs ng jhickdg, khfgrkch ng tcph fbyhrcstb y kgetrbi, ngpûscth g cenustrcbs.

Gstbkchebfcgeth ng vgdækuihs  vgdækuihs  Brtækuih ;1. [g gxcmcrâ?

Qbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs Brtækuih >2. Ib khestrukkcûe, rgkhestrukkcûe h fhncackbkcûe ng ihs ushs pgrfctcnhs ge ib _heb K-I sg rgmcrâe

b) [g gxcmcrâ ueng (2)vcvcgenb. gspbkch pbrb gstbkchebr vgdækuihs phr kbnb uecnbn

phrgiibs vbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs qug sg gstbjigkge ge scmucgetg kubnrh?

 

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  MBKG^B FWECKCPBI NGI FWECKCPCH [BE AZBEKC[KH 

Wsh

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rgb fæecfb ng pbrkgib

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Gi K-I shih sg cestbibrâ Gncackbkchegs ge ib Pibetb Zgscngekcbigs Jbob (PJ) ng ibs gncackbkcheg s 4 fts (sce _hebs gxkiuscvbs ng pbsbr ng : pibetbs) K-I

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begxhs ge mgegrbi, pugsths ng phickæbs, pugsth ng jhfjgrhs, dhtgigs, sukursbigs jbekbrcbs, hackcebs ng khrrghs, tgigmrbfbs y kbjigmrbfbs.

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Cmubi bi ng ib Cmubi bi ng ib Cmubi bi ng ib zheb khe gi zheb khe gi zheb khe gi kubi gstâ kubi gstâ kubi gstâ

J) Wshs khfpigfgetbrchs? Prgvcb khesuitb y bprhjbkcûe ng ib Cemgecgræb Fueckcpbi y ib Hackceb Ihkbi ng Pibegbfcgeth Wrjbeh, sg pgrfctcrâ? b) Bktcvcnbngs brtgsbebigs fgehrgs qug eh gfpigge fâs ng hkdh (4) pgrshebs y qug utcickge shibfgetg

fgzkibnh K-I gi K-I gi fgzkibnh K-I gi fgzkibnh

khe K-I

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gqucphs ng ushs khrrcgetgs. j) Kcegs. k) Khfgrkch rgkrgbkchebi khfh mhiacths y tûfjhibs, gtk. n) Augetgs ng shnbs y vgetbs ng khfcnb khe sgrvckchs ncrgkths b buthfûvcigs g) Ge zhebs ngstcebnbs b Khfgrkch Qgkcebi sg bnbptbrâ gi ush ng auegrbrcbs, kbjbrgts, ncskhtgkbs y kiujgs ehkturehs.

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Gstbkchebfcgeth ng vgdækuihs Brtækuih >:. Ge ibs zhebs ngstcebnbs bi ush K-I sg gxcmcrâ ue (2) pugsth pbrb gstbkchebr ue vgdækuih phr kbnb (70) fts: egths ngi ârgb khfgrkcbi. KBPÆ^WIH QCCC _HEB K-Q? KHFGZKCH QGKCEBI Brtækuih >;. [g >;. [g getcgeng phr Khfgrkch Qgkcebi (KQ) ibs bktcvcnbngs khfgrkcbigs qug tcgege phr hjogth ib prgstbkcûe ng sgrvckchs y vgetb bi ngtbi ng brtækuihs ng khesufh qug sbtcsabmbe ibs egkgscnbngs ncbrcbs y khfpigfgetbrcbs ng ihs rgscngetgs ng ue sgkthr, kuyh bikbekg sgb ng rgkhrrcnh pgbthebi h vgdckuibr, pgrfctcnh nheng ih sgòbig gi pibeh ng zhecackbkcûe qug cetgmrb ib prgsgetg Hrngebezb.

K) Wshs cekhfpbtcjigs? Ge ib zheb K-Q ihs scmucgetgs ushs sg khescngrbe cekhfpbtcjigs? Khfgrkch ng tcph fbyhrcstb y kgetrbi, ngpûscths g cenustrcbs. Qbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs  auenbfgetbigs  Brtækuih >7. Ib khestrukkcûe, rgkhestrukkcûe h fhncackbkcûe ng ihs ushs pgrfctcnhs ge ib _heb K-Q sg rgmcrâe phr ibs vbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs qug sg gstbjigkge ge gi scmucgetg kubnrh?

Wsh

Brtækuih >>. Ihs ushs pgrfctcnhs ge gstb zheb she? B) Wshs prcekcpbigs? Ge ibs zhebs K-Q sg pgrfctcrâ ib khestrukkcûe, rgkhestrukkcûe h fhncackbkcûe ng ibs gncackbkchegs ngstcebnbs b ihs scmucgetgs ushs? b) Cestbibkchegs khfgrkcbigs pbrb ib prgstbkcûe ng sgrvckchs y vgetb bi ngtbi ng brtækuihs ng khesufh qug sbtcsabmbe ibs egkgscnbngs ncbrcbs ng ihs dbjctbetgs ng ibs zhebs rgscngekcbigs. Nckdhs ushs she? kbsb ng bjbsths, qucekbiigræb, arutgræbs, aihrcstgræbs, agrrgtgræbs, kbreckgræbs y pgskbngræbs, pbebngræbs y rgphstgræbs, dgibngræbs, kbaã-augetgs ng shnb sce gxpgench ng ickhrgs, sbihegs ng jgiigzb y jbrjgræbs, pgnckurg y fbsbog, abrfbkcbs, vgetb ng rgvcstbs y pbpgigræbs, bmgekcbs ng agstgohs, ng acgstb, rgpbrbkchegs ng pihfgræb, ibthegræbsbihegs y gigktrckcnbn, rgpbrbkchegs ng kbizbnh, rgkgpthræbs y ncstrcjukcûe ng rhpbs y htrhs fbtgrcbigs ngstcebnhs b ibvbengræbs y tcethrgræbs y htrhs khfgrkchs qug eh khetrbncmbe gi krctgrch mgegrbi ngi ush ng K-Q. j) Cestbibkchegs ng sgrvckchs ncrgktbfgetg buxcicbrgs ng ib vcvcgenb, tbigs khfh supgrfgrkbnhs, rgstburbetgs, tbskb-rgstburbet, jhngmhegs, vgetb ng gqucphs giãktrckhs y gigktrûeckhs, gstunchs y ibjhrbthrchs ahthmrâackhs, kiæeckbs ngetbigs y khesuithrchs fãnckhs, gstbkchebfcgeth y mbrbogs, jciibrgs y jhickdgs, vgetb y rgphsckchegs ng rbnch y ^Q, bmgekcbs ng ihtgræbs, icjrgræbs y pbpgigræbs, arcmhræackhs pbrb kbregs, pgskbnhs y arutbs, khe vgetb bi ngtbi y kuyb supgrackcg eh gxkgnb ng 200 fts:, gstbkchegs ng sgrvckchs ng bkugrnh khe ihs rgqucscths y ehrfbs gxcmcnbs phr gi Fcecstgrch ngi Phngr Phpuibr ng Pgtrûigh y Fcegræbs, sgrvckchs bscstgekcbigs khe dhspctbiczbkcûe, cmigscbs, tgfpihs y sus

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rgb fæecfb ng pbrkgib

(fts)

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Gi Khfgrkch Qgkcebi shih Gncackbkchegs sg cestbibrâ Zgscngekcbigs ge ib pibetb jbob (PJ) ng khe K-Q ibs gncackbkchegs 2: fts (sce _hebs gxkiuscvbs ng pbsbr ng ; pibetbs) K-Q

:00

2000

Zgtcrhs (fts) Argetg

Ahenh

Ibtgrbigs

Cmubi bi ng ib Cmubi bi ng ib Cmubi bi ng ib zheb khe gi zheb khe gi zheb khe gi kubi gstâ kubi gstâ kubi gstâ fgzkibnh gi fgzkibnh gi fgzkibnh gi K-Q K-Q K-Q 20

7

7

Gstbkchebfcgeth ng vgdækuihs  vgdækuihs  Brtækuih >1. Ge ibs zhebs ngstcebnbs bi ush K-Q sg gxcmcrâ ue pugsth pbrb gstbkchebr ue vgdækuih phr kbnb 70 :

fts  ng ârgb khfgrkcbi. KBPÆ^WIH CT _HEB K-K? KHFGZKCH KHFWEBI Brtækuih >=. [g getcgeng phr Khfgrkch Khfuebi (KK) gi sgrvckch khfgrkcbi b gskbib ng kcunbn, kuyb auekcûe gs ib prgstbkcûe ng sgrvckchs y vgetbs bi ngtbi y bi fbyhr ng brtækuihs ng khesufh qug sbtcsabmbe ibs egkgscnbngs khfpigfgetbrcbs y gvgetubigs ng ihs dbjctbetgs ng ibs zhebs rgscngekcbigs, kuyh bikbekg sgb ng rgkhrrcnh pgbthebi y/h vgdckuibr. Brtækuih >4. Ihs ushs pgrfctcnhs ge gstb _heb she?  she?   B) Wshs prcekcpbigs? Ge ibs zhebs K-K sg pgrfctcrâ ib khestrukkcûe, rgkhestrukkcûe h fhncackbkcûe ng ibs gncackbkchegs ngstcebnbs b ihs scmucgetgs ushs?

 

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  MBKG^B FWECKCPBI NGI FWECKCPCH [BE AZBEKC[KH 

b) Cestbibkchegs khfgrkcbigs pbrb ib prgstbkcûe ng sgrvckchs y vgetb bi ngtbi ng brtækuihs ng khesufh qug sbtcsabmbe ibs egkgscnbngs ncbrcbs ng ihs dbjctbetgs ng ibs zhebs rgscngekcbigs. Nckdhs ushs she? kbsb ng bjbsths, qucekbiigræb, arutgræbs, aihrcstgræbs, agrrgtgræbs, kbreckgræbs y pgskbngræbs, pbebngræbs y rgphstgræbs, dgibngræbs, kbaã-augetgs ng shnb sce gxpgench ng ickhrgs, sbihegs ng jgiigzb y jbrjgræbs, pgnckurg y fbsbog, abrfbkcbs, vgetb ng rgvcstbs y pbpgigræbs,

b) Pbrb kcegs, tgbtrhs, cmigscbs g cestbibkchegs ngphrtcvbs, ue pugsth ng gstbkchebfcgeth phr kbnb 20 pgrshebs. j) Pbrb khfgrkchs ge mgegrbi ue pugsth ng gstbkchebfcgeth phr kbnb >0 fts : ng ârgb khfgrkcbi ÿtci. k) Pbrb hackceb ue pugsth ng gstbkchebfcgeth phr kbnb 70 fts: ng ârgb ng hackceb.

rgpbrbkchegs ng kbizbnh, pihfgræb,rgkgpthræbs ibthegræb yy gigktrckcnbn, rgpbrbkchegs ng ncstrcjukcûe ng rhpbs y htrhs fbtgrcbigs ngstcebnhs b ibvbengræbs y tcethrgræbs y htrhs khfgrkchs qug eh khetrbncmbe gi krctgrch mgegrbi ngi ush ng K-K. j) Fgrkbnh, ncskhtgkbs y kiujgs ehkturehs, agrrgtgræbs, gxdcjckcûe y vgetb ng fbqucebrcbs, vgetb ng brtckuih fãnckh qucrÿrmckh, bmgekcb ng agstgohs, vgetb ng fugjigs, vgetb y abjrckbkcûe ng brtækuihs ng kugrhs,  ohygræbs y tbiigr ng abjrckbkcûe y rgpbrbkcûe rgpbrbk cûe ng ohybs, vgetb y tcphmrbaæb, tbiigrgs ng rgpbrbkcûe ng buthfûvcigs, kgetrbigs jbekbrcbs, kcegs, tgbtrhs, kcrkhs, gtk., dhtgigs, hackcebs khfgrkcbigs y prhagschebigs, hackceb ng rgkbunbkcûe ng rgetbs, buthibvbnhs.

_HEB [-C? [GZQCKCH CENW[^ZCBI Brtækuih 72.  72.  [g getcgeng phr [grvckch Cenustrcbi ([C) bqugiibs bktcvcnbngs qug kheahrfbe ib abjrckbkcûe y vgetb bi fbyhr y ngtbi ng prhnukths ge ueb fcsfb cestbibkcûe, bsæ khfh ib prgstbkcûe ng ihs sgrvckchs rgqugrcnhs phr ib cenustrcb y ihs dbjctbetgs ng ib kcunbn.

J) Wshs khfpigfgetbrchs? Prgvcb khesuitb y bprhjbkcûe ng ib Cemgecgræb Fueckcpbi y ib Hackceb Ihkbi ng Pibecackbkcûe Wrjbeb, sg pgrfctcrâ? b) fâs Bktcvcnbngs fgehrgs qug ehshibfgetg gfpigge ng ncgz brtgsbebigs (20) pgrshebs y qug utcickge gqucphs ng ushs khrrcgetgs. j) Ngpûscths ng fbtgrcbigs eh ceaibfbjigs scgfprg qug gi ârgb ÿtci eh pbsg ng kcgeth kcekugetb (270) fgtrhs kubnrbnhs. K) Wshs cekhfpbtcjigs? Ge ib zheb K-K ihs scmucgetgs ushs sg khescngrbe cekhfpbtcjigs? Khfgrkch ng tcph fbyhrctbrch y kgetrbi, ngpûscths fbyhrgs ng 270 fts : g cenustrcbs. Qbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs  auenbfgetbigs  Brtækuih >3. Ib khestrukkcûe, rgkhestrukkcûe h fhncackbkcûe ng ihs ushs pgrfctcnhs ge ib _heb K-K sg rgmcrâe phr ibs vbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs qug sg gstbjigkge ge gi scmucgetg kubnrh? rgb Wsh

 Biturb ng abkdbnb

fæecfb ng pbrkgib

(fts)

(fts:)

Gi Khfgrkch Khfuebi Gncackbkchegs shih phnrâ Zgscngekcbigs cestbibrsg ge ibs nhs (:) khe K-K prcfgrbs pibetbs. 2: fts (sce _hebs gxkiuscvbs ng pbsbr ng ; pibetbs) K-K

Zgtcrhs (fts) Argetg

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Ibtgrbigs

Kubenh bpbrgzkb fgzkibnh khe gi ush Cmubi bi ng ib Cmubi bi ng ib Cmubi bi ng ib rgscngekcb zheb khe gi zheb khe gi zheb khe gi kubi gstâ kubi gstâ kubi gstâ i ngjgrâ sgr ;0% fgzkibnh gi fgzkibnh gi fgzkibnh gi K-K K-K K-K fbyhr bi ârgb ng pbrkgib gxcmcnb. 2700

20

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Gstbkchebfcgeth ng vgdækuihs Brtækuih 70. Ge ibs zhebs ngstcebnbs bi ush K-K sg gxcmcrâ gstbkchebfcgeth ng vgdækuihs ng ib fbegrb scmucgetg?

KBPÆ^WIH T

Brtækuih 7:? 7:? Ihs ushs pgrfctcnhs ge gstb zheb she? B) Wshs prcekcpbigs? Ge ibs zhebs [-C sg pgrfctg ib khestrukkcûe, rgkhestrukkcûe h fhncackbkcûe ng ibs gncackbkchegs ngstcebnbs b ihs scmucgetgs ushs? Khfgrkch bi phr fbyhr, khfgrkch y vgetb ng brtækuihs vhiufcehshs tbigs khfh? fugjigs, brtgabkths nhfãstckhs, buthfûvcigs y kbfchegs, fbqucebrcb pgsbnb, gtk. [grvckchs tbigs khfh? pibetbs ng ibvbengræbs y tcethrgræbs, bmgekcbs ng funbezbs y trbesphrtg, aâjrckbs ng dcgih, rgstburbetgs, vgetbs ng gqucphsarcmhræackhs, giãktrckhs yngpûgigktrûeckhs, gstbkchebfcgeths y mbrbogs, scths, vgetb ng fbtgrcbigs ng khestrukkcûe y tbiigrgs fgkâeckhs. ^hnbs bqugiibs cenustrcbs icvcbebs qug rgqucgrbe pbrb su auekchebfcgeth ue fâxcfh ng :7 hjrgrhs, ue ârgb fâxcfb ng khestrukkcûe ng 2.700 fts : y eh prhnuzkbe dufh, rucnhs, hihrgs y fhigstcbs, tbigs khfh? Aâjrckbs ng rhpb, abjrckbkcûe y khrtgs ng vcnrchs, gspgohs y vcnrchs pbrb ib khestrukkcûe, abjrckbkcûe ng prhnukths piâstckhs, ibjhrbthrchs khe abjrckbkcûe ng prhnukths abrfbkãutckhs, tbiigrgs ng rgpbrbkcûe ng fbqucebrcb pgsbnb, kbrpcetgræb, gesbfjibnhrbs ng bpbrbths ng rbnch y tgigvcscûe, aâjrckbs ng dgibnhs, fbeuabkturbs ng vcnrchs, vgetb ng fbngrb ng khrtg y scfcibrgs y ge mgegrbi thnhs ihs sgrvckchs cenustrcbigs . J) Wshs khfpigfgetbrchs? Ge ibs gncackbkchegs ngstcebnbs bi ush [-C sg pgrfctcrâ ib cestbibkcûe ng ihs scmucgetgs ushs khfpigfgetbrchs, scgfprg qug sgbe auekcûe sgkuenbrcb ngi ush [-C. b) Khfgrkch Ihkbi (K-I) kuyb cestbibkcûe ngjg dbkgrsg ngjg dbkgrsg ng bkugrnh b ib rgmibfgetbkcûe ngi Kbpætuih QCC, brtækuih ;4. j) Brtgsbeæbs, kuybs bktcvcnbngs eh prhnuzkbe hihrgs, vcjrbkchegs, kdcspbs h iufcehscnbn. k) Hackcebs rgibkchebnbs khe ibs bktcvcnbngs prhpcbs ng ib zheb. K) Wshs cekhfpbtcjigs? Gi [-C, gs cekhfpbtcjig khe gi ush ’rgscngekcbi‖ ng kubiqucgr tcph.  tcph.  Cenustrcb pgsbnb gs cekhfpbtcjig khe gi ush [-C. Qbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs  auenbfgetbigs  Brtækuih 7;. Ib khestrukkcûe, rgkhestrukkcûe h fhncackbkcûe ng ihs ushs pgrfctcnhs ge ib _heb [-C sg rgmcrâe phr ibs vbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs qug sg gstbjigkge ge gi scmucgetg kubnrh?

 

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  MBKG^B FWECKCPBI NGI FWECKCPCH [BE AZBEKC[KH 

 Ârgb Qgrng

20% ngi ârgb jrutb ng ib pbrkgib.

 Biturb ng abkdbnb

rgb fæecfb ng pbrkgib

(fts)

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Argetg

Ahenh

Ibtgrbigs

2> fts (ngsbrrhiibnhs dbstb kubtrh (>) pibetbs

400

20

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Zgtcrhs (fts)

Gstbkchebfcgeths Brtækuih 7>. Ge kbnb pbrkgib sg rgqugrcrâ gspbkchs pbrb gstbkchebr vgdækuihs, kbikuiâenhsg ue (2) fgtrh kubnrbnh ng gstbkchebfcgeth phr kbnb kubtrh (>) fgtrhs kubnrbnhs ng khestrukkcûe. Bngfâs ngjgrâ prgvgrsg gi gspbkch egkgsbrch pbrb kbrmb y ngskbrmb, puncgenh usbrsg pbrb gstg ace gi rgtcrh ng argetg bnhptbnh. Fgzzbeceb Brtækuih 77. Gi ârgb ng getrgpcsh h fgzzbeceb, ngstcebnb b ushs buxcicbrgs ng ihs ushs jâsckhs pgrfctcnhs ge ib zheb, tbigs khfh? Hackcebs bnfcecstrbtcvbs, eh sg khfputbrâ khfh ârgb ng khestrukkcûe kubenh su ârgb ng ujckbkcûe eh gxkgng gi 70% ng ib pgrfctcnb ge ib pibetb jbob. Pbrb bqugiibs ârgbs yb ngsbrrhiibnbs sg pgrfctge ib scmucgetg thigrbekcb? - Zgspgkth bi ârgb fæecfb sg pgrfctg ueb thigrbekcb ngi :0% ngi ârgb cenckbnb ge gi brtækuih 7:. KBPÆ^WIH TC _HEB _-C? _HEB CENW[^ZCBI Brtækuih 71. Gs gi kheoueth ng gfprgsbs ng ue fcsfh sgkthr qug prhnukge jcgegs ng kbrbktgræstckbs cmubigs h sgfgobetgs, su ihkbiczbkcûe bsgmurb ih egkgsbrch pbrb ib prhnukkcûe, prg-vcscûe ng gegrmæb, trbesphrtgs, bmub, ngsbmùgs, bkkgscjcicnbn y tgrrgehs vbkbetgs pbrb krgkcfcgeths y rgbnbptbkcûe ng ibs uecnbngs bsgetbnbs, tbfjcãe btcgeng ib kbicnbn ng vcnb ng ib prhpcb kcunbn qug ih bijgrmb, bsgmurbenh ncstbekcbs, khetrhigs y fârmgegs ng rcgsmh rgspgkth ngi rgsth ng ibs bktcvcnbngs. Brtækuih 7=. Ihs ushs pgrfctcnhs ge gstb zheb she? B) Wshs prcekcpbigs? Ge ib zheb _-C sg pgrfctg ib khestrukkcûe, rgkhestrukkcûe h fhncackbkcûe ng gncackbkchegs ngstcebnbs b ihs scmucgetgs ushs? b) Khfgrkch bi phr fbyhr, khfgrkch y vgetb ng brtækuihs vhiufcehshs tbigs khfh fugjigs, brtgabkths nhfãstckhs, buthfûvcigs y kbfchegs, fbqucebrcb pgsbnb, gtk. j) [grvckchs tbigs khfh? pibetb ng ibvbengræb y tcethrgræb, bmgekcb ng funbezbs y trbesphrtg, aâjrckbs ng dcgih, rgstburbetgs, vgetbs ng gqucph giãktrckhs y gigktrûeckhs, gstbkchebfcgeths y mbrbogs, arcmhræackhs, ngpûscths, vgetb ng fbtgrcbigs ng khestrukkcûe y tbiigrgs fgkâeckhs. k) ^hnb kibsg ng cenustrcb sce iæfctg ge su eÿfgrh ng hjrgrhs y ârgb, scgfprg qug phr gi kbrâktgr ng sus prhkgshs eh cfpcnbe ib ujckbkcûe ng zhebs phjibnbs ge sus birgngnhrgs h rgprgsgetg pgicmrh ng kubiqucgr tcph (gxpihscûe, cekgench, gtk.) b ibs cenustrcbs vgkcebs. J) nbs Wshs ibs gncackbkchegs ngstcebbi khfpigfgetbrchs? ush _-C, sg pgrfctcrâGe ib cestbibkcûe ng ihs scmucge-

tgs ushs khfpigfgetbrchs, scgfprg qug sgb auekcûe sgkuenbrcb ngi ush _-C. b) Khfgrkch Ihkbi (K-I) kuyb cestbibkcûe ngjg dbkgrsg ng bkugrnh b ib rgmibfgetbkcûe ngi Kbpætuih QCC,  Brtckuih ;4. j) Brtgsbeæbs, kuybs bktcvcnbngs eh prhnuzkbe hihrgs, vcjrbkchegs, kdcspbs h iufcehscnbn. k) Hackcebs rgibkchebnbs khe ibs bktcvcnbngs prhpcbs ng ib zheb. K) Wshs cekhfpbtcjigs? Gi ush _-C gs cekhfpbtcjig khe ihs scmucgetgs ushs? b) Wsh rgscngekcbi ng kubiqucgr tcph. j) Bqugiibs cenustrcbs qug phr gi kbrâktgr ng sus prhkgshs eh ngjge gstbr rhngbnbs ng zhebs phjibnbs h prgsgetge bimÿe tcph ng pgicmrh b ibs cenustrcbs vgkcebs tbigs khfh? [cngrÿrmckb, aâjrckb ng prhnukths quæfckhs khfh bfhecbkh, kihrh, ahsahrh, bkgtcigeh, fbtbngrhs, abjrckb ng fbqucebrcb pgsbnb y pibetb ng rgnukkcûe ng biufcech. Qbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs  auenbfgetbigs  Brtækuih 74. Ib khestrukkcûe, rgkhestrukkcûe h fhncackbkcûe ng ihs ushs pgrfctcnhs ge ib _heb _-C sg rgmcrâe phr ibs vbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs qug sg gstbjigkge ge gi scmucgetg kubnrh?  Biturb fæecfb ng abkdbnb (fts)

rgb fæecfb ng pbrkgib (fts:)

[gmÿe rgqugrcfcgeth ng ibs cestbibkchegs gspgkcackbs ng ibs cenustrcbs.

:700

Argetg

Zgtcrhs (fts) Ahenh

Eh phnrâ sgr fgehr ng 27 fts.

20

Ibtgrbigs 7

Gstbkchebfcgeths Brtækuih 73. Ge kbnb pbrkgib sg rgqugrcrâ gspbkch pbrb gstbkchebr vgdækuihs, kbikuiâenhsg ue (2) fgtrh kubnrbnh ng gstbkchebfcgeth phr kbnb kubtrh (>) fgtrh kubnrbnh ng khestrukkcûe. Bngfâs ngjgrâ prgvgrsg gi gspbkch egkgsbrch pbrb kbrmb y ngskbrmb, puncgenh usbsg pbrb gstg ace gi rgtcrh ng argetg bnhptbnh. ^higrbekcb  ^higrbekcb  Brtækuih 10. Pbrb ibs ârgbs yb ngsbrrhiibnbs sg pgrfctg ib scmucgetg thigrbekcb? - Zgspgkth bi ârgb fæecfb sg pgrfctg ueb thigrbekcb ngi :0% ngi ârgb cenckbnb ge bi brtækuih 7=. KBPÆ^WIH TCC _HEB _-G? _HEB GNWKBKCHEBI Brtækuih 12. Ihs ushs pgrfctcnhs ge gstb zheb she? B) Wshs prcekcpbigs? Ge ib zheb gnukbkchebi sg pgrfctg ib khestrukkcûe, rgkhestrukkcûe h fhncackbkcûe ng gncackbkchegs ngstcebnbs b ihs scmucgetgs ushs? Lcengrmbrtges, gskugib prcfbrcb, ickghs, gskugibs brtgsbebigs, phictãkeckbs, gskugib ng khfgrkch y uecvgrscnbngs. J) Wshs khfpigfgetbrchs? Kubiqucgr gncackbkcûe kuyh ush sgb khfpigfgetbrch b ihs cenckbnhs khfh ushs prcekcpbigs ge gi prgsgetg brtækuih, tbigs khfh? [bibs ng gxphsckcûe, jcjichtgkbs, buncthrchs, khfgnhrgs, vcvcgenb ngi ncrgkthr, gtk.

 

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  MBKG^B FWECKCPBI NGI FWECKCPCH [BE AZBEKC[KH 

K) Wshs cekhfpbtcjigs? Khe ib zheb gnukbkchebi she cekhfpbtcjigs y eh pugnge gekhetrbrsg khicenbetgs ihs scmucgetgs ushs? b) Cenustrcbs khe gfcscûe ng rucnhs, dufh, hihrgs, gtk. j) ^biigrgs fgkâeckhs. k) Bsgrrbngrhs. n) Jbrgs y kiujgs ehkturehs. g) Gstbkchegs ng sgrvckch.

kubiqucgr [grvckch Bscstgekcbi, gs egkgsbrch shfgtgr prgvcbfgetg gi betgprhygkth y prhygkth b khescngrbkcûe ng ib Khfcscûe ng Prhmrbfbs ng Gncackbkchegs Fãnckh-Bscstgekcbigs, ngpgencgetg ngi Fcecstgrch ng [becnbn. Brtækuih 1=. ^hnhs ihs hrmbecsfhs pÿjickhs ngjgrâe shfgtgr b khehkcfcgeth ng ib Cemgecgræb Fueckcpbi y ib Hackceb Ihkbi ng Pibegbfcgeth Wrjbeh, ihs prhmrbfbs y prhygkths rgibtcvhs b gncackbkchegs fãnckh-bscstgekcbigs ng ib kcunbn b

Htrbs ncsphsckchegs Brtækuih 1:. ^hnh ih rgagrgetg b tbfbòh y ncfgeschegs ng pbrkgib, phrkgetbog ng ujckbkcûe y ng khestrukkcûe, rgtcrhs bnhptbrsg, ârgbs ng gstbkchebfcgeth y htrbs ncsphsckchegs, ngjge sgr prgvcbfgetg khesuitbnbs y bprhjbnbs phr ib Cemgecgræb Fueckcpbi y ib Hackceb Ihkbi ng Pibegbfcgeth Wrjbeh, qucgegs b su vgz phnrâe gxcmcr kubiqucgr pgrfcsh h khestbekcb bnckchebi ng htrh hrmbecsfh khfpgtgetg.

ihs acegs ng ib khhrncebkcûe khe gi Pibe ng Ngsbrrhiih Wrjbeh ng ib kcunbn.

KBPÆ^WIH TCCC _HEB WECQGZ[C^BZCB

KBPÆ^WIH TQ _HEB [GZQCKCH[ [HKCBIG[ [-[

Brtækuih 1;. Ihs ushs pgrfctcnhs ge gstb zheb she? Ge ib zheb uecvgrsctbrcb cenckbnb ge gi pibeh ng zhecackbkcûe sg pgrfctg ib khestrukkcûe, rgkhestrukkcûe h fhncackbkcûe ng?

Brtækuih 13. Ihs ushs pgrfctcnhs ge gstb _heb she? Ngetrh ng ibs zhebs ng sgrvckchs shkcbigs sg  pgrfctge ib khestrukkcûe, rgkhestrukkcûe h fhncackbkcûe ng gncackbkchegs pbrb ib bnfcecstrbkcûe pÿjickb h ib prgstbkcûe ng sgrvckchs pÿjickhs,

b) gnukbkcûe supgrchr. j) Gncackbkchegs Gncackbkchegsngstcebnbs ngstcebnbsb bib ushs khfpigfgetbrhs ng ibs bktcvcnbngs gnukbtcvbs, tbigs khfh? ^gbtrhs, sbibs ng kheagrgekcb, sbib ng gxphsckchegs, gncackbkchegs pbrb cevgstcmbkcûe, gtk. k) Gncackbkchegs rgscngekcbigs pbrb biufehs h pgrshebi nhkgetg ng ib uecvgrscnbn. n) Gncackbkchegs pbrb sgrvckchs khfpigfgetbrchs, tbigs khfh? Khfgnhrgs, augetgs ng shnb, icjrgræbs, gtk. g) Gncackbkchegs ngstcebnbs bi ush ngphrtcvh y ng rgkrgbkcûe pbscvb. a) Gncackbkchegs khfgrkcbigs ngstcebnbs bi jgegackch rgetbi ng ib uecvgrscnbn.

cmubifgetg pbrb gncackbkchegs tcph pugsths rgicmchsh ng h kuiturbi sgmÿe ih ngfbeng ib khfuecnbn,ngkhfh jhfjgrhs, hackcebs mujgrebfgetbigs, ncspgesbrchs, kbpciibs g cmigscbs, jcjichtgkbs, buncthrchs y htrhs ushs khfpigfgetbrchs ng ihs betgrchrgs.

Htrbs ncsphsckchegs Brtækuih 1>. Kubiqucgr prhygkth b rgbiczbrsg ge ib zheb uecvgrsctbrcb, ngjgrâ khetbr  khe ib bprhjbkcûe ng ib Cemgecgræb Fueckcpbi y ib Hackceb Ihkbi ng Pibegbfcgeth Wrjbeh, b ihs gagkths ng su khhrncebkcûe khe gi Pibeh ng Ngsbrrhiih Wrjbeh ng ib kcunbn. KBPÆ^WIH TCQ _heb Bscstgekcbi _-B Brtækuih 17. Ihs 17. Ihs ushs pgrfctcnhs ge gstb zheb she? Ge ibs zhebs bscstgekcbigs cenckbnbs ge gi pibeh ng zhecackbkcûe, sg pgrfctg ib khestrukkcûe, rgkhestrukkcûe h fhncackbkcûe ng gncackbkchegs ngstcebnbs b ihs scmucgetgs ushs? b) ^hnb kibsg ng gncackbkcûe fgnckh-bscstgekcbi, khe h sce dhspctbiczbkcûe. j) Gncackbkchegs pbrb bktcvcnbngs jgeãackbs tbigs khfh?  Bscihs, hragicebths, sbebthrchs, kbsb ng rgdbjcictbkcûe, gtk. Brtækuih 11. Gengi bkbtbfcgeth ih 2373, prgskrcth gecestbibr gi Ngkrgth Prgscngekcbi E¿ 7> :> ng bjrcibng pbrb

Wshs cekhfpbtcjigs Brtækuih 14. Ge ib zheb bscstgekcbi she cekhfpbtcjigs y eh pugnge gekhetrbrsg khicenbetgs bi fcsfh ihs scmucgetgs ushs? Kgfgetgrchs, auegrbrcbs, sgrvckchs ngphrtcvhs fgtrhphictbehs, cenustrcb ng kubiqucgr tcph, bshkcbkchegs y kiujgs.

Htrbs ncsphsckchegs Brtækuih =0. ^hnh ih rgagrgetg b tbfbòh y ncfgeschegs ng pbrkgib, phrkgetbog ng ujckbkcûe y ng khestrukkcûe, rgtcrhs bnhptbrsg, ârgbs ng gstbkchebfcgeth y htrbs ncsphsckchegs, ngjge sgr prgvcbfgetg khesuitbnbs y bprhjbnbs phr ib Cemgecgræb Fueckcpbi y ib Hackceb Ihkbi ng Pibegbfcgeth Wrjbeh, qucgegs b su vgz phnrâe gxcmcr kubiqucgr pgrfcsh h khestbekcb bnckchebi ng htrh hrmbecsfh khfpgtgetg. KBPÆ^WIH TQC _HEB QGZNG _-Q Brtækuih =2. Ibs zhebs _-Q gstâe ngstcebnbs b ib cestbibkcûe ng ihs sgrvckchs ng rgkrgbkcûe pbscvbs bi bcrg icjrg egkgsbrchs pbrb gi gspbrkcfcgeth ng ib phjibkcûe ng ib kcunbn. Ge gstbs zhebs sg pgrfctg ib cestbibkcûe ng ihs scmucgetgs ushs? Pbrqugs, pibzbs, pbsghs, sctchs ng pckeck, khekdbs bkÿstckbs, obrncegs jhtâeckhs, zhhiûmckhs, pbrqugs bkuâtckhs. Brtækuih =:. ^hnhs ihs hrmbecsfhs pÿjickhs ngjgrâe shfgtgr b khehkcfcgeth ng ib Cemgecgræb Fueckcpbi y ib Hackceb Ihkbi ng Pibegbfcgeth Wrjbeh, ihs prhmrbfbs y prhygkths rgibtcvhs b gncackbkchegs cenckbnbs ge gi prgsgetg Kbpætuih b ihs acegs ng ib Hackceb Ihkbi ng Pibecackbkcûe Wrjbeb Wrjbeh. KBPÆ^WIH TQCC _HEB ZGKZGBKCHEBI _-Z Brtækuih =;. Ge ibscmucgetgs? zheb _-Z Pbrqugs su ush gstbrâ khenckchebnh b ibs cestbibkchegs ng rgkrgbkcûe

 

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  MBKG^B FWECKCPBI NGI FWECKCPCH [BE AZBEKC[KH 

bktcvb, khestrukkchegs ng kbrâktgr prhvcschebi y pgrfbegetgs tbigs khfh pbrqugs ng ncvgrschegs, agrcbs, fhtgigs, dhtgigs, rgstburbetgs, augetgs ng shnb, tgbtrhs, khekdb bkÿstckb gtk. Brtækuih =>. ^hnh ih rgagrgetg b ihs ushs betgs cenckbnhs ngjgrâe shfgtgrsg b khesuitb prgvcb, fgncbetg betgprhygkth, pbrb sgr khescngrbnh phr ib Cemgecgræb Fueckcpbi y ib Hackceb Ihkbi ng Pibegbfcgeth Wrjbeh y ibs kubigs gstbjigkgrâe ibs khenckchegs qug ngjgrâe kufpicr ibs gncackbkchegs ng gstb zheb. KBPÆ^WIH TQCCC _HEB NGPHZ^CQB _-N Brtækuih =7. Ihs ushs pgrfctcnhs ge gstb zheb she? Ibs zhebs ngphrtcvbs she ibs ârgbs rgsgrvbnbs pbrb ib prâktckb hrmbeczbnb ngi ngphrtg ge ahrfb iukrbtcvb h eh, ge nckdbs zhebs sg pgrfctg ib khestrukkcûe, rgkhestrukkcûe h fhncackbkcûe ng gncackbkchegs ngstcebnbs b ihs scmucgetgs ushs? Ibs cestbibkchegs ngphrtcvbs khfuebi, vgkcebi h ihkbi, qug sg cenckbe ge gi pibeh ng zhecackbkcûe, gstbnchs, dcpûnrhfhs, vgiûnrhfhs, kbekdbs ng tcrh, butûnrhfhs, kbfphs ng mhias, kbekdbs ng tgecs, jãcsjhi, autjhi, vûigcjhi, pcskcebs y ushs khfpigfgetbrchs b ihs betgrchrgs. Htrbs ncsphsckchegs  ncsphsckchegs  Brtækuih =1. Ge ih rgagrgetg b tbfbòhs y ncfgeschegs ng pbrkgibs, phrkgetbogs ng ujckbkcûe y ng khestrukkcûe, rgtcrhs b bnhptbrsg, ârgbs ng gstbkchebfcgeth y htrbs ncsphsckchegs, ngjge sgr prgvcbfgetg khesuitbnbs y bprhjbnbs phr ib Cemgecgræb Fueckcpbi y ib Hackceb Ihkbi ng Pibegbfcgeth Wrjbeh, qucgegs b su vgz phnrâe gxcmcr kubiqucgr pgrfcsh h khestbekcb ng htrh hrmbecsfh khfpgtgetg. KBPÆ^WIH TCT ÂZGB NG PZH^GKKCÛE _-P Brtækuih ==. Ihs ushs pgrfctcnhs ge gstb zheb she? Ibs zhebs B-P she thnbs ibs ârgbs ng prhtgkkcûe tbigs khfh?  Ârgbs ng pgencgetg fbyhr ngi >0%, ârgbs ng prhtgkkcûe ng qugjrbnbs, ârgbs ng prhtgkkcûe ng kbrrgtgrbs y htrbs ârgbs ng prhtgkkcûe cenckbnbs ge gi pibeh ng zhecackbkcûe. Ge gstbs ârgbs sg pgrfctge bqugiibs khestrukkchegs qug fgohrge ibs khenckchegs aæsckbs ngi tgrrgeh, khfh rgahrgstbkcûe, khesgrvbkcûe ng sugihs, fhvcfcgeths ng tcgrrb gtk. Brtækuih =4. Prgvcb khesuitb y bprhjbkcûe ng ib Cemgecgræb Fueckcpbi y ib Hackceb Ihkbi ng Pibegbfcgeth Wrjbeh, sg pgrfctge ushs tbigs khfh? Pbrqugs pÿjickhs h prcvbnhs, pugrths h gfjbrkbngrhs, tujgræbs ng mbs, bmub, gtk., thrrgs y iæegbs ng trbesfcscûe, gtk., y ushs khfpigfgetbrchs b ihs betgrchrgs, scgfprg y kubenh eh scmecacquge ueb pgrturjbkcûe ngi gspbkch y hjrb b ib qug scrvge ng prhtgkkcûe. KBPÆ^WIH TT ÂZGB ZWZBI B-Z Brtækuih =3. Ihs ushs pgrfctcnhs ge gstb zheb she? Ge ibs zhebs ng ârgb rurbi cenckbnbs ge gi pibeh ng zhecackbkcûe sg pgrfctg ib khestrukkcûe h fhncackbkcûe ng gncackbkchegs ngstcebnb b ihs scmucgetgs ushs?

b) Qcvcgenb rurbi y sus ushs khfpigfgetbrchs. j) Mrbeobs ng gncackbkchegs y gstrukturbs ncrgktbfgetg egkgsbrcbs pbrb bktcvcnbngs bmrækhibs, ahrgstbigs, gxtrbktcvbs y ng krcbezb ng becfbigs. k) Kbfphs ng mhia. n) Bshkcbkchegs y kgetrhs rgkrgbtcvhs kbfpgstrgs. g) Pbrqugs Ebkchebigs. a) _hhiûmckhs. m) Kiujgs dæpckhs. d) Gskugibs y gspgkcbi.rurbigs y ng gesgòbezb prcfbrcb, sgkuenbrcb c ) Cestctukchegs jgeãackbs, khrrgkkchebigs y kârkgigs.  o) Kgfgetgrchs, krgfbthrchs, rgiigehs sbectbrchs. l) Bgrhpugrth. i) Cestbibkchegs pbrb trbesfcscûe ng rbnch y tgigvcscûe. f) Cestbibkchegs pbrb gi sufcecstrh ng bmub phtbjig. e) Cestbibkchegs pbrb ib ncsphsckcûe ng bmubs egmrbs y nrgebogs. h) Cestbibkchegs pbrb ib khenukkcûe phr tujgræbs ng ngrcvbnhs ngi pgtrûigh. Ârgb ng pbrkgib  pbrkgib  Brtækuih 40. Gi ârgb fæecfb ng pbrkgib sgrâ ng vgcetg fci fgtrhs kubnrbnhs (:0.000 F :) Argetg ng pbrkgib  pbrkgib  Brtækuih 42.  42.  Gi argetg fæecfh ng pbrkgib sgrâ ng kcge (200) fgtrhs. Brtækuih 4:. Zgtcrhs? b) Argetg? Gi rgtcrh fæecfh ng argetg sgrâ ng vgcetg (:0) fgtrhs. j) Ibtgrbigs? Gi rgtcrh fæecfh ibtgrbi sgrâ ng ncgz (20) fgtrhs. k) Ahenh? Gi rgtcrh fæecfh ng ahenh sgrâ ng ncgz (20) fgtrhs. Ge kubiqucgr kbsh, sg ngjgrâ rgspgtbr gi ngrgkdh ng væb qug sg gstbjigzkb pbrb ibs væbs ebkchebigs, gstbtbigs h fueckcpbigs. KBPÆ^WIH TTC NC[PH[CKCHEG[ KHFPIGFGE^BZCB[ 4;. ^hnhbicefugjig pgrtgegekcb ngizhecackbfcsfh ngstcebnhBrtækuih b ush ncagrgetg pgrfctcnhhge gi pibeh ng kcûe qug bkhfpbòb b ib prgsgetg Hrngebezb sgrâ khescngrbnh khe ng W[H EH KHEAHZFG y sg prhkgngrâ b ib gicfcebkcûe mrbnubi ngi fcsfh ge ue ibpsh ng sgcs (1) bòhs b pbrtcr ng ib agkdb ng bprhjbkcûe ngi Pibe ng Ngsbrrhiih Wrjbeh prgsgetbnh. Phr rgshiukcûe phr sgpbrbnh sg rgmibfgetbræb nckdb gicfcebkcûe. Brtækuih 4>. Web vgz qug sg ngskhetceuã ue W[H EH KHEAHZFG ng ue cefugjig h pgrtgegekcb ngi fcsfh, eh phnrâ rgstbjigkgrsg, sûih phnrâ sustctucrsg phr htrh qug gstã kheahrfg khe ibs ncsphsckchegs igmbigs. Ng ib bnbptbkcûe ng gncackbkchegs pbrb eugvhs ushs h kbfjch ng bktcvcnbngs Brtækuih 47. Ib bnbptbkcûe ng gncackbkchegs gxcstgetgs b eugvhs ushs ncagrgetgs h bktcvcnbngs pbrb ihs kubigs augrhe khestrucnbs, sg pgrfctcrâ scgfprg y kubenh kufpibe khe ihs scmucgetgs rgqucscths?

 

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  MBKG^B FWECKCPBI NGI FWECKCPCH [BE AZBEKC[KH 

b) Ihs ushs prhpugsths pbrb sustctucr b ihs ushs hrcmcebigs ngjgrâe sgr kheahrfgs khe ihs pgrfctcnhs ge ib prgsgetg Hrngebezb pbrb ib zheb nheng sg ihkbiczb ib gncackbkcûe. j) Ib bnbptbkcûe ng gncackbkchegs pbrb eugvhs ushs ngjgrâ kufpicr khe ibs vbrcbjigs urjbebs auenbfgetbigs gxcmcnbs pbrb ib zheb nheng gstb sg ihkbickg. k) Kufpicr khe ibs ehrfbs sbectbrcbs, sgmurcnbn y prgvgekcûe ng cekgenchs y ngfâs ehrfbs vcmgetgs gxcmcnbs

kceth gspgkcbi ng bkkgsh cengpgencgetg pbrb trbesahrfbnhrgs y bkkgshrchs prhpchs ng ib cestbibkcûe giãktrckb, ng ibs ncfgeschegs y rgqucscths qug gxcob ib Cemgecgræb Fueckcpbi.

pbrb ib khestrukkcûe ge mgegrbi qug igs sgbe bpickbjigs, cekiuygenh ib cenckbnb ge gi brtækuih scmucgetg.

^hnh pgrfcsh b ihs kcgethBrtækuih hkdgetb31. (240) næbs b pbrtcrngngkhestrukkcûe ib agkdb nggxpcrb gxpgnckcûe, sc ngetrh ng gstg pibzh eh sg dujcgrb ceckcbnh ib hjrb khrrgsphencgetg.

Ng ib khestbekcb ng khenckchegs dbjctbjigs Brtækuih 41. Bqugiibs 41.  Bqugiibs gncackbkchegs ng fâs ng kcekh (7) bòhs ng khestrucnbs, phnrâe shickctbr betg ib Hackceb Ihkbi ng Pibecackbkcûe Wrjbeb, ueb khestbekcb ng Khenckchegs Dbjctbjigs y pbrb khestrukkchegs eugvbs ib Khestbekcb ng Zgkgpkcûe ng Dbjctbjcicnbn pbrb su pgrfcsh ng khestrukkcûe. Brtækuih 4=. B 4=. B pbrtcr ng ib agkdb ng vcmgekcb ng gstb Hrngebezb ib Cemgecgræb Fueckcpbi ng khfÿe bkugrnh khe ib Hackceb Ihkbi ng Pibecackbkcûe Wrjbeb, gfctcrâ kgrtcackbnhs pbrb bqugiihs ushs y gncackbkchegs eh kheahrfg. Ge nckdh kgrtcackbnh ng eh kheahrfcnbn sg gxprgsbrâ kibrbfgetg ib ebturbigzb y gxtgescûe ng ib fcsfb. Brtækuih 44. Ibs thigrbekcbs pgrfctcnbs ge kubeth b argetg fæecfh y ârgb fæecfb gxcmcnb sgrâe sûih bpickbjigs b ibs pbrkgibs y ngsbrrhiih qug gxcstge pbrb ib pugstb ge vcmgekcb ng ib prgsgetg Hrngebezb y eh pbrb ihs eugvhs ngsbrrhiihs b ihs qug eh sg igs pgrfctcrâ ecemueb thigrbekcb phr gstg rgspgkth. Brtækuih 43. [g pgrfctcrâ ib khestrukkcûe ng sûtbehs ngetrh ngi ârgb ng ib pbrkgib  ihs kubigs pbrb gi kbsh ng vcvcgenb fuitcabfcicbr ngjgrâe mubrnbr gi rgtcrh fæecfh ng argetg rgqugrcnh pbrb gi kbsh ng ib vcvcgenb uecabfcicbr y jcabfcicbr ge kubiqucgrb ng sus vbrcbkchegs, ngjgrâe mubrnbrsg ihs rgtcrhs fæecfhs ng argetg ibtgrbigs h ng ahenh rgqugrcnhs. Ib biturb fæecfb pgrfcscjig gs ng :,:0 fgtrhs. Brtækuih 30. Ihs 30. Ihs gncackchs kuyb biturb sgb fbyhr ng kubtrh ecvgigs ngjgrâe sgr prhvcsths ng bskgeshrgs ng kbpbkcnbn y tbfbòh ng bkugrnh b ibs ehrfbs ngi Fcecstgrch ngi Phngr Phpuibr pbrb ^rbesphrtg ^grrgstrg y Hjrbs Pÿjickbs. Brtækuih 32. Ge ibs gncackbkchegs fuitcabfcicbrgs, kubenh ãstbs pbsge ng kubtrh (>) uecnbngs ng vcvcgenbs, sg gxcmcrâ ib khestrukkcûe ng vcvcgenb pbrb gi khesgrog, qug ngjgrâ ujckbrsg ge pibetb jbob y eh phnrâ sgr fbyhr ng kubrgetb (>0) fgtrhs kubnrbnhs, eh puncgenh sgr ngstcebnb pbrb htrh ush. Brtækuih 3:. Ge ibs gncackbkchegs khe ush rgscngekcbi prcekcpbi fuitcabfcicbr eh phnrâe ngsbrrhiibrsg ihs gstbkchebfcgeths ge gi rgtcrh ng argetg ng ib pbrkgib. Brtækuih 3;. Ibs ârgbs ng gstbkchebfcgeth qug ahrfbe pbrtg ngi sgrvckch ng ue gncackch eh phnrâe sgr bscmebnbs b htrh ush. Brtækuih 3>. ^hnb khestrukkcûe qug rgqucgrb ueb kbrmb giãktrckb fbyhr ng 70 lcihvbtchs ngjgrâ prhvggr ue rg-

Brtækuih 37. ^hnh pgrfcsh ng khestrukkcûe h rgkhestrukkcûe ng ueb gncackbkcûe, khe argetg b ueb væb pÿjickb h prcvbnb sgrâ hthrmbnb ng bkugrnh b ih gxcmcnh ge ib prgsgetg Hrngebezb.

Brtækuih 3=. Ib pbrbiczbkcûe ng ueb hjrb phr fâs ng sgcs (1) fgsgs trbgrâ khfh khesgkugekcb ib gxpcrbkcûe ngi pgrfcsh hthrmbnh y ngjgrâ prhkgngrsg b ib hjtgekcûe ng ue eugvh pgrfcsh pbrb rgbeunbr ib hjrb. [g gxkgptÿbe bqugiibs hjrbs kuyb khestrukkcûe sg dbe prgvcsth phr gtbpbs y scgfprg qug bsæ sg dbyb dgkdh ehtbr ge ib pgtckcûe ngi pgrfcsh.   Brtækuih 34. Eh sg hthrmbrâ pgrfcsh pbrb rgbiczbr khestrukkchegs bnhsbnbs b ue icengrh khfÿe, sce ib prgvcb prgsgetbkcûe ngi nhkufgeth ngjcnbfgetg ehtbrcbnh qug khetgemb ib hjicmbkcûe rgkæprhkb ng ihs prhpcgtbrchs khicenbetgs ng khestrucr ge ib ahrfb khevgecnb. Brtækuih 33. ^hnhs ihs eugvhs ngsbrrhiihs qug dbybe scnh bprhjbnhs ngetrh ngi ârgb urjbeb ng [be Arbekcskh y qug eh kufpibe khe ihs rgqucscths ng ib prgsgetg Hrngebezb, phnrâe bkhmgrsg b ibs rgspgktcvbs rgmibfgetbkchegs bprhjbnbs betgrchrfgetg, ibs kubigs sg khescngrbe cekiucnbs ge ib prgsgetg Hrngebezb ng Pibe ng  Hrngebfcgeth y Ngsbrrhiih  [hkcbi Wrjbeh. PBZÂMZBAH ßECKH? Kubenh ihs eugvhs ngsbrrhiihs eh dujcgrbe prhthkhiczbnh gi ’Nhkufgeth ng WrjbeczbWrjbeczb kcûe h Pbrkgibfcgeth‖ gxcmcnhs phr ib Igy ng Qgetbs ng Pbrkgibs, phnrâe fgncbetg khevgech  khe ihs prhpcgtbrchs ng ibs vcvcgenbs h pbrkgibs vgencnbs, bkhmgrsg b ib zhecackbkcûe gstbjigkcnb pbrb ibs ârgbs sce ngsbrrhiih, fgncbetg ib prgsgetbkcûe ng eugvhs prhygkths qug kufpibe khe ihs gstbjigkcnhs ge ib   prgsgetg  Hrngebezb ng Pibe ng   Hrngebfcgeth y Ngsbrrhiih  [hkcbi Wrjbeh. Brtækuih 200. Ibs bscstgekcbi, gncackbkchegs ngstcebnbs b ush? Fuitcabfcicbr, rgkrgbkchebi, tgfpihs, gncackchs ng hackcebs, cenustrcbi, ngpûscths, gtk., ngjgrâe prhvggrsg ng ihs ncsphsctcvhs cencspgesbjigs pbrb khfjbtcr cekgenchs, bsæ khfh ng ihs scstgfbs ng bibrfb cenckbnhrgs ng cekgench. Brtækuih 202. Ge ibs gncackbkchegs ng vcvcgenb fuitcabfcicbr, kubenh ãstbs pbsge ng ncgz (20) uecnbngs ng vcvcgenb, ngjgrâe gstbr prhvcstbs ng ue sctch gspgkcbi pbrb ougmhs ng ecòhs, khevgecgetgfgetg gqucpbnh. Brtækuih 20:. Zgmibfgetbkcûe gspgkcbi pbrb dhtgigs? b) Ihkbiczbkcûe? Pbrb ib ihkbiczbkcûe ng dhtgigs ge ihs qug sg khetgfpib gstg ush, sg rgqucgrg ueb khesuitb prgvcb ng kheahrfcnbn phr pbrtg ng ib Cemgecgræb Cemg ecgræb Fueckcpbi y ib Hackceb Ihkbi ng Pibecackbkcûe Wrjbeb. j) Ârgb fæecfb ng pbrkgib? Eh phnrâ sgr ceagrchr b fci fgtrhs kubnrbnhs (2.000 F:) khe ue argetg fæecfh ng vgcetckcekh fgtrhs (:7 Fts.)

 

27

  MBKG^B FWECKCPBI NGI FWECKCPCH [BE AZBEKC[KH 

k) Ngescnbn ng phjibkcûe? [g pgrfctcrâ ue :0% fâs ng ib pgrfctcnb ge ib zheb nheng gstâ sctubnb. n) Wjckbkcûe fâxcfb? [grâ cmubi bi >0% ngi ârgb ng ib pbrkgib. g) Wjckbkcûe fâxcfb? [grâ cmubi bi >0% ngi ârgb ng ib pbrkgib. a) Gstbkchebfcgeths? [g gxcmcrâ ue pugsth ng gstbkchebfcgeth phr kbnb trgs (;) dbjctbkchegs. m) Wshs khfpigfgetbrchs? Bngfâs ngi ush ng dhtgi, sg

phr kbnb trgcetb y sgcs fgtrhs kubnrbnhs (;1 fts :) ng buib y ue (2) pugsth phr kbnb kcekugetb fgtrhs kubnrbnhs (70fts:) ng ârgb bnfcecstrbtcvb y sgrvckchs khfpigfgetbrchs. >) Wecvgrscnbngs, khigmchs uecvgrsctbrchs g cestctuths tãkeckhs ng gnukbkcûe supgrchr pÿjickhs? We (2) pugsth phr kbnb nhkg fgtrhs kubnrbnhs (2: fts:) ng buib, ue (2) pugsth phr kbnb vgcetg fgtrhs kubnrbnhs (:0 fts :) ng ârgb bnfcecstrbtcvb ncrgktcvb y ue (2) pugsth phr kbnb

pgrfctg khfh ushs khfpigfgetbrchs ngetrh gi fcsfh gncackch ihs scmucgetgs? Kiuj ehktureh, rgstburbetg, augetgs ng shnb, bmgekcb ng vcbogs, bmgekcb ng kbfjch, tcgenbs ng shuvgecr y pgiuqugræbs.

kcekugetb fgtrhs kubnrbnhs (70 fts ) ng ârgb bnfcecstrbtcvb y sgrvckchs khfpigfgetbrchs. 7) Wecvgrscnbngs, khigmchs uecvgrsctbrchs g cestctuths tãkeckhs ng gnukbkcûe supgrchr prcvbnhs? We (2) pugsth phr kbnb kcekh fgtrhs kubnrbnhs (7 fts :) ng buib, ue (2) pugsth phr kbnb vgcetg fgtrhs kubnrbnhs (:0 fts :) ng ârgb bnfcecstrbtcvb ncrgktcvb y ue (2) pugsth phr kbnb kcekugetb fgtrhs kubnrbnhs (70 fts :) ng ârgb bnfcecstrbtcvb y ng sgrvckchs khfpigfgetbrchs. 1) Kcegs, tgbtrhs, buncthrchs, sbibs ng kheagrgekcbs y gstbnchs? We (2) pugsth phr kbnb kubtrh (>) bscgeths. =) Cmigscbs? We (2) pugsth phr kbnb ncgz fgtrhs kubnrbnhs (20 fts:) ng ârgb ngstcebnb b ihs hackchs rgicmchshs. 4) Fusghs y jcjichtgkbs? We (2) pugsth phr kbnb kcge fgtrhs kubnrbnhs (200 fts:) ng ârgb ng gxdcjckcûe h ng btgekcûe bi pÿjickh. 3) Kiujgs, bshkcbkchegs mrgfcbigs y kgetrhs shkcbigs? We (2) pugsth phr kbnb kcgeth vgcetg fgtrhs kubnrbnhs

Brtækuih 20;. Kubiqucgr gncackbkcûe gstâ hjicmbnb b nbr kufpicfcgeth b ihs rgqugrcfcgeths, eÿfgrh fæecfh ng pugsths, ncfgeschegs y kbrbktgræstckbs pbrb gi ngsbrrhiih ng ihs gspbkchs ngstcebnhs b gstbkchebfcgeths, ng bkugrnh b ibs gxcmgekcbs prgvcstbs ge gi prgsgetg Kbpætuih, sbivh ihs kbshs cenckbnhs gxprgsbfgetg ge ib prgsgetg Hrngebezb. Gstbkchegs ng sgrvckch  sgrvckch  Brtækuih 20>. Pbrb ib cestbibkcûe, ujckbkcûe ng gstbkchegs ng sgrvckchs y ngfâs rgqucscths y ehrfbs bi rgspgkth, ngjgrâe kufpicr ge thnhs sus bspgkths b ib Zgshiukcûe rgibtcvb, shjrg ehrfbs y rgqucscths ahrfbigs y hpgrbkcûe g gstbjigkcfcgeths ngstcebnhs bi gxpgench ng mbshiceb y htrhs khfjustcjigs ng ebturbigzb scfcibr gfbebnb ngi Fcecstgrch ngi Phngr Phpuibr ng Pgtrhigrhs y Fcegræbs vcmgetgs pbrb gi fhfgeth Gstbkchebfcgeths khfgrkcbigs Brtækuih 207. Ibs 207. Ibs pbrkgibs qug sg ngstcege pbrb ush gxkiuscvh ng gstbkchebfcgeth ng vgdækuihs ngjgrâe tgegr ueb kbpbkcnbn fæecfb ng 27 vgdækuihs, kbikuibnb b rbzûe ng trgcetb (;0) fgtrhs kubnrbnhs phr vgdækuih, y khe argetg fæecfh ng nhkg (2:) fgtrhs. [u ihkbiczbkcûe ngjg khetbr khe prgvcb bprhjbkcûe ng ib Cemgecgræb Fueckcpbi y ib Hackceb Ihkbi ng Pibecackbkcûe Wrjbeb. Zgqugrcfcgeths ng gstbkchebfcgeth pbrb kbshs gspgkcbigs  gspgkcbigs  Brtækuih 201. B 201.  B ihs gagkths ng rgmuibr ib kbpbkcnbn ng ihs gstbkchebfcgeths, sg khescngrbe khfh kbshs gspgkcbigs ihs khestctucnhs phr bktcvcnbngs kbpbkgs ng mgegrbr ueb augrtg baiugekcb ng ng ibpÿjickh qugPbrb bpbrgzkbe ihkbiczbnhsbtrbkkcûe khfh ushh gxkiuscvh pbrkgib. kbnb ueh ng gsths kbshs sg bpickbrâ ue æenckg gspgkæackh b ace ng ngtgrfcebr su nhtbkcûe, khfh sg gstbjigkg b khetceubkcûe? 2) Zgstburbetgs, khfgnhrgs ncgtãtckhs, kbagtgræbs, kbaãs, jhngmhegs, ncskhtgkbs, sbihegs ng acgstbs, supgrfgrkbnhs, dcpgrfgrkbnhs, tcgenbs phr  ngpbrtbfgeth y htrhs scfcibrgs? We (2) pugsth phr kbnb qucekg fgtrhs kubnrbnhs (27 fts:) ng ârgb jrutb ng khestrukkcûe. :) Cestctukchegs acebekcgrbs y jbekbrcbs, getcnbngs ng bdhrrh y prãstbfh? We (2) pugsth phr kbnb qucekg fgtrhs kubnrbnhs (27 fts:) ng ârgb jrutb ng khestrukkcûe. Ge gsths kbshs, ngjgrâ prgvgrsg ueb zheb ng sgmurcnbn jbekbrcb khe fæecfh ng ue (2) pugsth ng gstbkchebfcgeth pbrb gi vgdækuih ng trbesphrtg ng vbihrgs, cekiuygenh ge nckdb zheb gi ârgb ng fbechjrb. ;) Pibetgigs ng gnukbkcûe prggskhibr, jâsckb, ncvgrscackbnb y htrhs pibetgigs ng gnukbkcûe gspgkcbi? We (2) pugsth

:

:

(2:0 fts ) ng pbrkgib, ngstcebnhs bi ngsbrrhiih ng bktcvcnbngs rgkrgbkchebigs. Ge kbsh ng bpbrgkgr  htrhs ushs khfpigfgetbrchs ahrfbenh pbrtg ng gstbs cestbibkchegs, ihs æenckgs ngtgrfcebetgs ng ib kbpbkcnbn ng ihs gstbkchebfcgeths sg kbikuibrâe phr sgpbrbnh, sgmÿe ih gstbjigkcnh phr ib prgsgetg Hrngebezb pbrb kbnb kbsh. 20) Kbpciibs vgibthrcbs y auegrbrcbs? We (2) pugsth phr kbnb kcekh fgtrhs kubnrbnhs (7 fts :) ng ârgb jrutb ng khestrukkcûe. Ge kbsh ng bpbrgkgr htrhs ushs khfpigfgetbrchs ahrfbenh pbrtg ng gstbs cestbibkchegs, ihs æenckgs ngtgrfcebetgs ng ib kbpbkcnbn ng ihs gstbkchebfcgeths sg kbikuibrâe phr sgpbrbnh, sgmÿe ih gstbjigkcnh phr ib prgsgetg hrngebezb pbrb kbnb kbsh. ^beth pbrb ibs auegrbrcbs khfh pbrb ibs kbpciibs vgibthrcbs ngjgrâ prgvgrsg ue gspbkch ng gstbkchebfcgeth pbrb ibs kbrrhzbs aÿegjrgs phr sgpbrbnh. 22) Dhtgigs y bpbrt-dhtgigs? We (2) pugsth phr kbnb trgs (;) dbjctbkchegs< sg gxcmcrâ bnckchebi ue (2) pugsth phr :

kbnb kcekugetby ng fgtrhs kubnrbnhs (70 ngjgrâ fts ) ng ârgb bnfcecstrbtcvb sgrvckchs. Bscfcsfh, prgvgrsg ue gspbkch pbrb iæegb ng vgdækuihs ng biqucigr y iæegbs ng tbxc bnckchebi b ihs pugsths rgqugrcnhs, khe ue fæecfh ng trgs (;) pugsths. Ge kbsh ng bpbrgkgr htrhs ushs khfpigfgetbrchs ahrfbenh pbrtg ng gstbs cestbibkchegs ihs æenckgs ngtgrfcebetgs ng ib kbpbkcnbn ng ihs gstbkchebfcgeths sg kbikuibrâe phr sgpbrbnh, sgmÿe ih gstbjigkcnh phr ib prgsgetg Hrngebezb pbrb kbnb kbsh. 2:) Bscstgekcbigs? Gncackbkchegs bscstgekcbigs sg rgmcrâe phr ihs æenckgs qug sg gxprgsbe b khetceubkcûe? b) Gncackbkchegs Bscstgekcbigs sce dhspctbiczbkcûe, ue (2) pugsth phr kbnb vgcetg fgtrhs kubnrbnhs (:0 fts :) ng ârgb jrutb ng khestrukkcûe. j) Gncackbkchegs bscstgekcbigs khe dhspctbiczbkcûe, ue (2) pugsth phr kbnb kbfb y ue (2) pugsth phr kbnb vgcetg fgtrhs kubnrbnhs (:0 fts :) ng ârgb jrutb ng khestrukkcûe, gxkgptubenh gi ârgb ng dhspctbiczbkcûe.

 

21

  MBKG^B FWECKCPBI NGI FWECKCPCH [BE AZBEKC[KH 

k) We (2) pugsth phr kbnb kubtrh (>) bscgeths ge ihs buncthrchs y sbibs ng kheagrgekcbs. n) We ârgb pbrb iæegb ng tbxcs, bnckchebi b ihs pugsths rgqugrcnhs, khe ue fæecfh ng trgs (;) pugsths. g) ^hnh kgetrh bscstgekcbi khe dhspctbiczbkcûe, ngjgrâ prgvgr khfh fæecfh ue (2) pugsth pbrb gstbkchebfcgeth ng bfjuibekcb. Gstbkchebfcgeths pbrb fhthrczbnhs Brtækuih 20=. Ge 20=. Ge thnh gstbkchebfcgeth khfgrkcbi, ng hackcebs, bscstgekcbi y ng gnukbkcûe supgrchr, sgb ng ush pÿjickh h prcvbnh ngjgrâ rgsgrvbr ue ârgb fæecfb ng qucekg fgtrhs kubnrbnhs (27 fts:) phr kbnb kubrgetb (>0) pugsths ngi thtbi ng pugsths ngsbrrhiibnhs ge ib pbrkgib pbrb sgr hkupbnhs phr fhthrczbnhs, ib kubi ngjgrâ sgr gspgkcbifgetg sgòbiczbnb. Ge bqugiihs kbshs nheng eh sg bikbekge ihs kubrgetb (>0) pugsths, gi ârgb fæecfb pbrb gi gstbkchebfcgeth ng fhthrczbnhs sgrâ ng qucekg fgtrhs kubnrbnhs (27 fts :). Kugrphs vhibnhs shjrg rgtcrh ng argetg Brtækuih 204.  204.  [g pgrfctg ib khestrukkcûe ng ng kugrphs vhibnhs shjrg gi rgtcrh ng argetg ge ibs zhebs Z-;, Z-> y Z-7, ihs kubigs eh ngjge sgr fbyhrgs ng 2,70 fgtrhs shjrg gi rgtcrh ng argetg y sgrâe khfputbnbs ngetrh ngi ârgb ng ujckbkcûe. Brtækuih 203.  [grâ 203.  hjicmbthrch ush ng ng pûrtckh ge ibs bvgecnbs y kbiigs sgòbibnbs ge gigiPibe Ngsbrrhiih Wrjbeh, ihs kubigs sg rgmcrâe phr ib rgmibfgetbkcûe qug gibjhrg bi rgspgkth ib Cemgecgræb Fueckcpbi y ib Hackceb Ihkbi ng Pibecackbkcûe Wrjbeb. Brtækuih 220. Ibs 220. Ibs ârgbs rgsgrvbnbs ge ihs pibehs ng ibs urjbeczbkchegs ngjcnbfgetg bprhjbnhs pbrb pibzbs, pbrqugs, kbfphs ng ougmhs y gskugibs, eh phnrâe sgr ge ecemÿe kbsh gebogebnbs h vgencnbs, ec phnrâe sgr ngstcebnbs b htrh ush. Ge fbtgrcb ng gnukbkcûe sg rgmcrâe phr ih gstbjigkcnh ge ib Igy ng Gnukbkcûe. Brtækuih 222. Ge ibs zhebs eh ngsbrrhiibnbs qug sg gekugetrbe ge ibs ncstcetbs bmrupbkchegs, urjbebs qug khfprgenge gi Pibe ng Ngsbrrhiih, ihs urjbeczbnhrgs ngjgrâe prhvggr, cekiuygenh su khestrukkcûe, suackcgetgs gspbkchs bjcgrths pbrb pbrqugs, pibzbs, ngphrtgs y rgkrgbkcûe, bsæ khfh ârgbs pbrb gnukbkcûe y sgrvckchs khfuebigs, ge auekcûe ng ib phjibkcûe qug sg rgqucgrb gstbjigkgr, ng bkugrnh b ib ngescnbn pgrfctcnb. Gstbs ârgbs ngjgrâe kbikuibrsg utciczbenh ihs æenckgs ng ib scmucgetg tbjib? rgb Wrjbeczbjig Ngescnbn Ngescnbn % Jrutb Egtb [grvckch % Zgscnge Dbj/Db Qcv/Db Dbj/Db Qcv/Db Prcfbrcb [gkue. Ngphrtgs Pbrqugs Khfgrkch [hkcbi Qcbicnbn 70,00

20,00

17,00

2:,00

2,>7

0,:7

:,=7

:,10

2,>0

0,40

21,00

=>,=7

=7,00

27,00

220,00

::,00

:,00

0,>0

;,:0

;,20

2,17

2,07

23,00

13,10

200,00 2:7,00

:0,00 :7,00

277,00 :20,00

;2,00 >:,00

:,=7 ;,>0

0,77 0,=0

;,=0 >,27

;,70 ;,47

2,30 :,27

2,27 2,:0

::,00 ::,00 :7,00

1>,>7 73,77

270,00

;0,00 :=7,00

77,00

>,27

0,41

>,=7

>,;=

:,;=

2,;0

:4,00

7>,:0

:00,00 >0,00 >20,00 :70,00 70,00 7=0,00

4:,00 22>,00

7,10 1,37

2,27 2,>0

7,:0 7,47

>,17 7,:0

:,10 ;,00

2,;7 2,>7

;0,70 ;:,70

>4,37 >;,17

;00,00 10,00 =40,00 271,00 ;70,00 =0,00 2077,00 :22,00

4,70 3,>7

2,=0 2,37

=,07 4,:7

1,:0 =,20

;,10 >,20

2,77 :,00

;;,00 ;>,00

;4,>0 ;;,27

>00,00 40,00 2>;7,00 :4=,00

22,27

:,;0

3,37

=,40

>,40

:,20

;>,00 ;>,00

:=,30

pgrsheb ebturbi h ourænckb sgrâ qug cekufpibBrtækuih h cekurrb22:. khe ^hnb ih gstbjigkcnh gstb Hrngebezb

sbekchebnh ng bkugrnh b ib abitb khfgtcnb y sg ig bpickbrâ ib ehrfbtcvb khrrgsphencgetg ng bkugrnh sgb gi kbsh ng ib Hrngebezb ng Krgbkcûe ngi [cstgfb Cetgmrbi ng Kgrtcackbnh ng [hivgekcb ßeckb Fueckcpbi ngi Fueckcpch [be Arbekcskh ngi Gstbnh _uicb ([CK[WF), pujickbnb ge Mbkgtb Fueckcpbi E¿ ;>7 ng agkdb 7 ng sgptcgfjrg ng :02>. KBPÆ^WIH TTCC NC[PH[CKCHEG[ ^ZBE[C^HZCB[ S ACEBIG[ Brtækuih 22;. [g krgbrâ ue Zgmibfgeth ng ib Qcbicnbn kubi gxprgsbrâ ib kibscackbkcûe ng ibs væbs ngi fueckcpch [be Arbekcskh y ibs kbrbktgræstckbs ngi ncsgòh sg cenckbrbe ge ue Pibeh ng Qcbicnbn.  Qcbicnbn.  Brtækuih 22>.  22>.  Rugnb tgrfcebetgfgetg prhdcjcnh khestrucr gncackbkchegs ge ibs zhebs qug eh gstãe nhtbnbs ng thnhs ihs sgrvckchs pÿjickhs qug b khetceubkcûe sg gxprgsbe? Ncsphsckcûe ng bmubs egmrbs, bkugnukths, gigktrckcnbn, vcbicnbn, nbenh kufpicfcgeth b thnbs ibs ncsphsckchegs igmbigs pgrtcegetgs b ib fbtgrcb ng ib Hrngebezb shjrg Wrjbecsfh,  Brquctgkturb, Khestrukkcûe ge mgegrbi. Brtækuih 227.  227.  Gi Khekgoh Fueckcpbi phnrâ prhphegr kbfjchs b ib prgsgetg Hrngebezb fhncackbenh h krgbenh eugvbs zhebs, scgfprg ngi qugngsbrrhiih sg ngfugstrg ibs yfcsfbs rgnuenge ge jgegackch ng ib qug kcunbn sg nã kufpicfcgeth b ibs rgmuibkchegs gstbjigkcnbs ge gi brtækuih 214¿ ng ib Igy Hrmâeckb ng Zãmcfge Fueckcpbi. ^hnb fhncackbkcûe qug sg prhphemb, ngjgrâ khetbr khe ue ceahrfg prgvch ng ib Hackceb Fueckcpbi ng ib Ncrgkkcûe ng Pibecackbkcûe Wrjbeb (NPW) y ng ib Cemgecgræb Fueckcpbi qug oustcacquge ihs kbfjchs prhpugsths. Brtækuih 221. Kubenh ih khescngrg khevgecgetg, b ihs acegs ng ib fgohr bpickbkcûe ge ib prgsgetg Hrngebezb, gi Khekgoh Fueckcpbi phnrâ ncktbr rgmibfgeths gspgkæackhs shjrg kubiqucgrb ng ibs zhebs gstbjigkcnbs y ng ihs sgrvckchs khescngrbnhs. Gstbs rgmibfgetbkchegs ngjgrâe khetbrb khe gi bsgshrbfcgeth ng ihs hrmbecsfh khfpgtgetgs. Brtækuih 22=. Ihs pgrfcshs ng khestrukkcûe khekgncnhs betgs ng sgr sbekchebnb ib prgsgetg Hrngebezb, qug rgqucgrbe sgr rgehvbnhs, ngjgrâe boustbrsg b ib fcsfb. Brtækuih 224. Ib prgsgetb Hrngebezb gstâ suogtb b fhncackbkchegs kubenh bsæ ih rgqucgrb gi fueckcpch. Brtækuih 223. Ib Cemgecgræb Fueckcpbi vgibrâ phr gi kufpicfcgeth ng ib prgsgetg Hrngebezb.

Zgmæstrgsg, khfueæqugsg y pujiæqugsg.

Nbnb, acrfbnb y sgiibnb ge gi [biûe ng [gschegs ngi Khekgoh Fueckcpbi ng [be Arbekcskh, Gstbnh _uicb, Ârgb Fgtrhphictbeb ng ib Kcunbn ng Fbrbkbcjh, b ihs sgcs næbs ngi fgs ng ehvcgfjrg ng nhs fci kbthrkg. Bòhs :0>¿ ng ib Cengpgengekcb y 277¿ ng ib Agngrbkcûe.

 

2=

  MBKG^B FWECKCPBI NGI FWECKCPCH [BE AZBEKC[KH 

ZBABGI DGZEÂENG_ PZG[CNGE^G

Bjhm. OBQCGZ KB[^GIIBEH [GKZG^BZCH FWECKCPBI

Zgpÿjickb hicvbrcbeb ng Qgegzugib Hfbr Ohsã Prcgth Agreâengz   Bikbing ngi Fueckcpch [be [be Arbekcskh ngi Gstbnh _uicb   PZHFWIMBKCÛE Ge gogrkckch ng ibs btrcjukchegs igmbigs qug ig kheacgrg gi brtækuih 44 eufgrbi 2: ng ib Igy Hrmâeckb ngi Phngr Pÿjickh Fueckcpbi,  prhfuimb  ib  Hrngebezb ng Pibe ng   Hrngebfcgeth y Ngsbrrhiih  [hkcbi Wrjbeh ngi Fueckcpch [be Arbekcskh ngi Gstbnh _uicb. Nbnb, acrfbnb y sgiibnb ge gi Ngspbkdh ngi  Bikbing, Ârgb Fgtrhphictbeb ng ib Kcunbn ng Fbrbkbcjh, b ihs scgtg næbs ngi fgs ng ehvcgfjrg ng nhs fci kbthrkg. Bòhs :0>° ng ib Cengpgengekcb y 277° ng ib Agngrbkcûe.

Pujiæqugsg y kuængsg ng su gogkukcûe.  gogkukcûe.  

GKHE. HFBZ OH[Ã PZCG^H AGZEÂENG_ BIKBING NGI FWECKCPCH [BE AZBEKC[KH

 

24

  MBKG^B FWECKCPBI NGI FWECKCPCH [BE AZBEKC[KH 

 

 

BÒH TCT Gxtrbhrncebrcb [BE AZBEKC[KH, = NG EHQCGFJZG NG NG :02> 

Gnckcûe? 70 gogfpibrgs

E¿ ;7;

HZNGEBE_B ng Pibe ng hrngebfcgeth  y Ngsbrrhiih Ngsbrrhiih [hkcbi Wrjbeh ngi Fueckcpch [be Arbekcskh G[^BNH _WICB