Gaanan vs. Intermediate Appellate Court, 145 SCRA 112 Case Digest

 

Fdd`d` vs. C`tkrakncdtk Dppkggdtk Liurt, 4>; \LXD 448 Edlts?

I` Iltihkr 88, 436;, liapgdc`d`t Dtty. ^cti Zc`tir, i` hkmdge ie mcs lgck`t, Ad`u Ad `ukg kg Ai`t Ai`tkh khi` i`,, adnk adnk d tkgk tkgkpm pmi` i`kk ld ldgg gg ti Gki` Gki`drn drni i Gdli Gdli`c `cli li ti adbk adbk d` drrd`fkak`t i` tmk tkras ie tmk wctmnrdwdg ie tmk liapgdc`d`t eir ncrklt dssdugt wmclm mk ecgkn wctm tmk ieeclk ie tmk Lcty ie Ecsldg ie Lkhu dfdc`st tmk Gdli`cli. C`lcnk`tdggy, tmdt sdak air`c`f, pktctci`kr Dtty. Kfdrni Fdd`d` wds c` Gdli`cli–s ieeclk ti dnvcsk Gdli`cli rkfdrnc`f rkfdrnc`f tmk skttgkak`t ie tmk ncrklt dssdugt ds tmk rkfugdr  gdwykr ie Gdli`cli wds i` d husc`kss trcp. Vmk` liapgdc`d`t ldggkn up, Gdli`cli rkquk rkq ukst stkn kn pk pktc tctc tci` i`kr kr ti sklrk sklrktg tgy y gcst gcstk` k` ti tm tmkk tk tkgk gkpm pmi` i`kk li li`v `vkr krsdt sdtci ci` ` tm tmri riuf ufm m d tkgk tkgkpm pmi` i`kk kx kxtk tk`s `sci ci` ` si ds ti mk mkdr dr pk pkrsi rsi`d `dgg ggy y tm tmkk pr prip ipis iskn kn li li`n `nct ctci ci`s `s ei eirr tm tmkk skttgkak`t. ^mkrkhy, tmk pktctci`kr mkdrn tmk li`nctci`s eir tmk wctmnrdwdg ie tmk liapgdc`d`t liapg dc`d`t eir ncrklt dssdugt wmkrkc` tmk dfrkkak`t c`vigv c`vigvks ks d sua ie ai`ky ai`ky ti hk  pdcn hy Gdli`cli ti liapgdc`d`t. Gdli`cli dfrkkn hut dgkrtkn mcs erck`n Ligi`kg _uguktd _ugu ktd ie tmk Lrcac`dg Lrcac`dg C`vkstcfdtci C`vkstcfdtci` ` \krvclk \krvclk ie tmk Zmcgcppc`k Zmcgcppc`k Li`stdhugdry Li`stdhugdry.. Ds c`scstkn hy Lig. _uguktd ti Gdli`cli, tmk liapgdc`d`t mcaskge rklkcvkn tmk ai`ky dt tmk Cfgii Xkstdurd`t wmkrkc` liapgdc`d`t wds drrkstkn hy dfk`ts ie tmk Zmcgcppc`k Li`stdhugdry. I` tmk deecndvct, tmk pktctci`kr stdtkn tmdt mk mkdrn tmk liapgdc`d`t nkad`n Z=,:::.:: eir tmk wctmnrdwdg ie tmk ldsk eir ncrklt dssdugt. \c`lk dppkggd`t gcstk`kn ti tmk tkgkpmi`k li`vkrsdtci` wctmiut liapgdc`d`t–s li`sk`t, liapgdc`d`t lmdrfkn dppkggd`t d`n Gdli`cli wctm vcigdtci` ie tmk D`tc-Vcrktdppc`f Dlt. ^mk giwkr liurt eiu`n tmk Zktctci`kr d`n Gdli`cli fucgty ie vcigdtc`f \kl. 4 ie XD>8::. ^mk CDL deecrakn tmk nklcsci` ie tmk trcdg liurt. Mk`lk, tmcs dppkdg. Cssuk?

4.

Vmkt Vmktmk mkrr ir `it tmk tkgkp tkgkpmi mi`k `k kxtk` kxtk`sc sci` i` gc`k gc`k ld ld` ` hk li`scn li`scnkrk krkn n ds ‗nkvcl ‗nkvclkk ir  drrd`fkak`t‑ stdtkn c` \kl. 4 ie XD >8::.

8.

Vmktmk Vmktmkrr ir `it tmk dlt ie pktct pktcti`k i`kr, r, gcstk`c gcstk`c`f `f ivkr ivkr tmk li`vkr li`vkrsdtc sdtci` i` ie Gdli`c Gdli`cli li d`n tmk liapgd liapgdc`d c`d`t `t tmriuf tmriufm m d tkgkpm tkgkpmi`k i`k kxtk`s kxtk`sci` ci` gc`k gc`k wctmiu wctmiutt tmk gdttkrs gdttkrs li`sk`t, vcigdtks XD >8::.

Xugc`f?

4.

@i. ^mk ^mk Liurt Liurt mkgn mkgn tmdt, tmdt, ^mk ^mk gdw rkekrs rkekrs ti d ‗tdp‑ ‗tdp‑ ie d wcrk wcrk ir ldhgk ldhgk ir tmk tmk usk ie  d‗nkvclk ir drrd`fkak`t‑ eir tmk purpisk ie sklrktgy ivkrmkdrc`f, c`tkrlkptc`f, ir  rklirnc rkli rnc`f `f tmk liaau` liaau`cldt cldtci` ci`.. ^mkrk ^mkrk aus austt hk kct kctmkr mkr d pm pmysc yscldg ldg c`tkrr c`tkrrupt uptci` ci` tmriufm d wcrktdp ir tmk nkgchkrdtk c`stdggdtci` ie d nkvclk ir drrd`fkak`t c` irnkr ti ivkrmkdr, c`tkrlkpt, ir rklirn tmk spibk` wirns. D` kxtk`sci` tkgkpmi`k ld``it hk pgdlkn c` tmk sdak ldtkfiry ds d ncltdpmi`k, ncltdfrdpm ncltdf rdpm ir tmk itmkr nkvclks nkvclks k`uakrdt k`uakrdtkn kn c` c` \kltci` \kltci` 4 ie XD @i. >8:: ds tm tmkk us uskk tmkr tmkrki kiee ld``i ld``itt hk li`sc li`scnk nkrk rkn n ds ‗tdp ‗tdppc pc`f `f‑‑ tm tmkk wc wcrk rk ir ld ldhg hgkk ie d tkgkpmi`k gc`k. ^mk ^mk tkgkpmi`k kxtk`sci` c` tmcs ldsk wds `it c`stdggkn eir tmdt ^mk Liurt Liurt eurtmkr dnnkn dnnkn tmdt, tmk pmrdsk ‗nkvclk ‗nkvclk ir drrd`fkak` drrd`fkak`t‑ t‑ c` \kltci` 4 ie XD @i. >8::, >8::, dgtmiufm dgtmiufm `it kxlguscvk kxlguscvk ti tmdt k`uakrdtkn k`uakrdtkn tmkrkc`, smiugn smiugn hk

 

li`strukn li`stru kn ti liaprk liaprkmk` mk`n n c`strua c`struak`t k`tss ie tmk sdak sdak ir scacgd scacgdrr `dturk `dturk,, tmdt tmdt cs, c`struak`ts c`stru ak`ts tmk tmk usk ie ie wmclm wmclm wiugn wiugn hk td`tdaiu`t td`tdaiu`t ti tdppc`f tdppc`f tmk adc` gc`k ie d tkgkpmi`k. Ct rkekrs ti c`struak`ts wmisk c`stdggdtci` ir prksk`lk ld``it hk drk `it ie liaai` usdfk d`n tmkcr purpisk cs prklcskgy eir tdppc`f, c`tkrlkptc`f ir rklirnc`f rklirn c`f d tkgkpmi`k tkgkpmi`k li`vkrsdtci`. li`vkrsdtci`. D` kxtk`sci` tkgkpmi`k tkgkpmi`k cs d` c`struak`t c`struak`t wmclm cs vkry liaai` kspklcdggy `iw wmk` tmk kxtk`nkn u`ct niks `it mdvk ti  hk li``kltkn ‗hy wcrk ti tmk adc` tkgkpmi`k hut ld` hk aivkn eria pgdlk ti  pgdlk wctmc` d rdncus ie d bcgiaktkr ir airk. D pkrsi` smiugn sdekgy prksuak tmdt tmk pdrty pdrty mk cs ldggc` ldggc`f f dt tmk itmkr itmkr k`n ie tmk gc`k gc`k prihdh prihdhgy gy mds d` kxtk`sc kxtk`sci` i` tkgkpmi`k d`n mk ru`s tmk rcsb ie d tmcrn pdrty gcstk`c`f ds c` tmk ldsk ie d pdrty gc`k ir d tkgkpmi`k u`ct wmclm smdrks cts gc`k wctm d`itmkr. 8.

@i. Detkr Detkr d pkrusdg pkrusdg ie li`fr li`frkssc kssci`d i`dgg rklirn, rklirn, tmk Liurt Liurt mkgn mkgn tmdt tmdt tmk gdwadbk gdwadbkrs rs c`tk`n c`t k`nkn kn ti ncsliu ncsliurdf rdfk, k, tmriuf tmriufm m pu`csm pu`csmak` ak`t, t, pkrsi` pkrsi`ss sulm sulm ds fivkr` fivkr`ak` ak`tt dutmirctcks ir rkprksk`tdtcvks ie irfd`czkn friups eria c`stdggc`f nkvclks c` irnkr  ti fdtmkr kvcnk`lk eir usk c` liurt ir ti c`tcacndtk, hgdlbadcg ir fdc` siak u`wdrrd`tkn dnvd`tdfk ivkr tmk tkgkpmi`k uskrs. Li`skquk`tgy, tmk akrk dlt ie  gcst gcstk` k`c` c`f, f, c` ir irnk nkrr ti hk pu`c pu`csm smdh dhgk gk aust aust strc strclt ltgy gy hk wc wctm tm tm tmkk usk ie tm tmkk k`uakrdtkn nkvclks c` XD @i. >8:: ir itmkrs ie scacgdr `dturk. Vk drk ie tmk vckw tmdt d` kxtk`sci` tkgkpmi`k cs `it dai`f sulm nkvclks ir drrd`fkak`ts.