G Goodwin Gill the Refugee in International Law Oxford 1996

PROTECTION

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th inte interr- ar ar gene genera rall ll se imps im ps ,] ., The &.foge (193 ); al ., 'L &.foge Proble Problem, m, (193 problerne es as ep rts' rts' 50 Hague Recueil, (1934--IV), (1934--IV), 89; 49): oc Statelessness, (1 49): S~4Y TIe EIl1l2 1, 34--8; 34--8; Sjober Sjoberg, g, ., The Intergovernmental Comm (1991), h. 1. Commit itte te on &jUg &jUgee ees, s, (1991), (192 (1921) 1) 2(2) 2(2) LNO] 50,000 form incl includ uded ed so former er pris prison oner er of war un illin illin to retur return, n, civi civili lian an fl th Bols Bolshe hevi vi re ol ti as el bers bers th ri us defe defeat ated ed rmie rmie oppose se th revo revolu luti tion onar arie ie duri during ng th firs firs year years. s. he defacto unpr unprot otec ecte te stat status us of an w h i c h ha oppo furthe he co poun pounde de by tw decr decree ee of Oct. an ec 1921 1921 nd ic ie citi citize zens nshi hi was furt forf forfei eited tedby by certa certain in grou groups ps resid residin in abro abroad ad se gene genera rally lly Fish Fisher er illia illia s,]., s,]., 'Den 'Denati ation onal aliz izati ation on', ', BYlL 45 (1927). Se gene genera rall ll eyno eynold lds, s, ., Nansen (I th th 17-2 17-28] 8] 1921 1921 cite cite is ., 'The 'The tern tern tion tional al rote rote ti of ef ees' ees' 48 A]IL 193~-207-~ urin th 20s, 20s, larg larg -sca -scale le reli reli op rati rati er dert dertak ak ri te or aniz anizat atio io fo (1954). urin th its Um,tJ(intedth sa erio erio co si er bl inte intern rn tion tional al Europe European an RdUgee RdUgee in t& Twentieth Century, (1985), 82'-6. atte attent ntio io an assi assist stan ance ce focu focuse se also also on spon sponta tane neou ous, s, coer coerce ce an agre agreed ed popu popu 'oil'" e/ch;mge-sin \:

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tQJ>rgen 'y revolvaile for, together with ad itional measures for ecialized ersonncl

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in 101

102

res. 46/182,

Report

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95

this to

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Internationa Protection

22

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Comprehensive

9Ju

Humanitarian Crisis in former

to th

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Yugoslavia

intern ti

it

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.C 3a

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ti ti itie in lu ro ra -ordin te design an implem nted together it UN th ro is io intern ti

interUN an 10M, th

teri ationmaterial th pr vision tr

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health services an

ra

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Unite ations rotectio tiliri re in ry iplo ti rt th

isedUN

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orce in former ugoslavia, in th th liti tern ti re

IO

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responsibilit to provid VE

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lo

assistance to surviv rs of

itio

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in th

re in

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hile th cessatio ofhosisio -m rs th rm la ia ti is id

internationa protection."?

ME

iE

1.4.

Internationa Organizationfo

Migratio

(10M

.Founded ro igrati in 1951 th tern ti rg iz ti igrati bringstogethe so eighty-three States particular--freedo ve ent, an th pr am le th revise on titution te in 19 re iz th igrati ista intern ti le is oftenrequire 't ns re th or erly fl igration ovements thro ghou th world .105 HCRIIMFY/1992/2,

103

ergo

104

ro ti

Bo

ia

rz

in ',

l]RL

(1

in

); Mendiluce,

Worl

the

Rqugee SU7V1y--1994

16 an

105

l]RL in in

le

lati

ip

ie

tates, internationa

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ia

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go er

ti enta

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itio tt

in

l-

226

Protection

10M's

Europe.l?"

dis.

in

rO UN

R.I08

di

coun,

1972, September

19 te

10

1991

ork.

-Chirie Asia.II 106

107

Report

55

Se

under th

'P

1andate

IJRL 205, 211f(1992) he

10M's

it is ofte

ell-placed

CO

til,

10M,

if

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Migratio Slates

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aftermath

fashio

10

Rrfoge

Reports, also

110

IO

['ifarmation

survey

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la

in lu ed

ry

108

de

IC

arti ip te

t.

90 ill

th

UNI-J

~R-funde

of

Internationa Protection ro

10

rate

,claim

ve be is co elli

.'als -not

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li ited ssista

fi itivel reject rt re ista re-i erti in th la

'prote ti

ti

trictl

mf mrorm

nin

to sylu

22

se

er

it ra thei pliin tall ti io rk t. lthough 10

-c ll

it

re

in re

ivin

112

omtonn

.4.2 Internationa Committee In ra le

te ti solidate by the 1949 e8

re

ibilitie to

te

ti

th

1977

dditional

rotocols.

'b

with

ti

itte

th

ro

th

im

nm an th ir relief 11 itio th ve ti .o su stit te fo th rote ti ers, ch as 'a guarantees of impartiality an efficacy'. 11

rtia

it ri

ro id or th rg iz ti

ic

rg intm ffer

ll

111

Internationa onference, Dec. 1989. Doc. RWECR/2.2

TIle European Community's (Aug. 1989).

in lu in

Response,

7-8

he

1991 to

li

tu

ti ta

tati th

io

1979-91, 82,618 (41,510).

,(41,108) (R te Switzerland (1987) an

1984

2,060 taly (1988)

tu

la

io

le

C/ NF 12 112

I]RL

05 1992).

113

10 onvention (civilia 14

persons).

Art. 10

11

ti disputes: art

329-32.

id

ti

11 ly

1977

to le

ir

ic

th

ie

ttli

th io 12 Guerilla roit humanu ire, (1 83

li

roais .117

1.4.

Regional organizati ns

Unity,

1950 1959 1972 1967 together

with 19

Europe.F"

CSCE

121

1986-7, 15

3, 114, 332-4

1; 16 11

332-3.

11

IJRL

Specia

ss e- Su .m.a IJRL

34 (1994).

19

12

to act. 12

Digest of Un te

States Pr ctic in nter ationa Law, 8,10.

~1:!""~~H,rnuU~

repatriate.Ff

12

L.....A:""pTTll'ent

in 12

In

nvt~ID'ILJC;.L

al ,125

1.4.4 Non-governmenta ro

ti

rn

organizations (NGOs) re

it

intere t; qfoctive pr tectio

eman

tional

122

th

lI

riatio

of refugees

52

(1989)

he

oncludingDocumen

(b)

and 123

I), (22).

lI 12

yre

't

in mentation with

IJRL lI

12.';

1980/43,

126

an

ig ts

19

A., 'Citizenship,

39 (1 91).

(1993)