G 11 Unit - 06 ICT and Society

1|ILM.Irfan

Unit-06||Grade-11

learnbyself.com

myF 6:

r%fKk; jfty; kw;Wk; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gtpaYk;. nghOJNghf;fpw;fhfj; jfty; kw;Wk; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gtpay; i. Kg;gupkhz cUtj; njhopDl;gk;(3D – njhopDl;gk;): capNuhl;lKs;s jpiug;glq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;fhf ,j;njhopDl;gq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,j;jpiug;glq;fisg; ghu;g;gjw;fhf tpN\ %f;Ff; fz;zhbfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ii. n`hNyhfpuhgpf; tpk;gq;fisf; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jk; njhopDl;gk;(Holographic image processing technology): xU ,lj;jpy; glkhf;fg;gl;l cUtj;jpd; tpk;gj;ij ,d;DnkhU jsj;jpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf ,J gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. III. Nfypr;rpj;jpuj; jpiug;glk;: Kk;gg;gupkhd kw;Wk; Nkk;gl;l nkd;nghUl;fisg;gad;gLj;jp cUthf;fg;gLk; Nfypr;rpj;jpuq;fs;. iv. ,yf;fKiw nrtpg;Gyg; gjpg;Gfs;. ,iraikg;G> ,irf;fUtpfspd; ,af;fj;jpw;Fnkd tpN\l nkd;nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; fUtpfsp;d; gad;ghL. kw;Wk; mjpfkhd ghly;fis Njf;fp itg;gjw;fhd trjp. v. ,yf;fKiw tpisahl;Lf;fs;(Digital Games): vi. ghtid tpisahl;Lf;fs;(Dimulation games): ntspg;ghtidfis fzdpapy; cs;thq;fg;gl;L mjw;fika nraw;gLk; tpisahl;Lf;fy;. ,t;tpisahl;Lf;fs; gapw;rpaspj;jy;> gFg;gha;T nra;jy;> jpl;lkpLjy; Mfpatw;Wf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.

jfty; kw;Wk; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ Vw;gLk; gpur;rpidfs;. rl;lg; gpur;rpidfs;: 1. gpuj;jpNafj; juTfisf; fsthLjy;: xUtiug; gpuj;jpNafkhf ,dq;fhz;gjw;F cs;s jfty;fisf; fzpdpapypUe;J my;yJ juT tq;fpapypUe;J jpULjy;. cjhuzkhf: fzf;fpyf;fk;> flTr;nrhy;> gadu; ngau;> tuT ml;il tpguk;> ,yf;fKiwg; glq;fs;> etc 2. mDkjpapd;wp fzpdpj; njhFjpf;Fs; gpuNtrpj;jy;: fzdpj; njhFjpapy; my;yJ tiyj;jsj;jpy; mDkjpapd;wp co;Eioe;J my;yJ gaeu; ngau;> flTr;nrhy;iy jpUb cs;Eioe;J epWtd my;yJ egu;fspd; juTfis jpULjy;. 3. Ez;zwpTr; nrhj;ijf; fsthly;: xUtu; my;yJ xU epWtdk; Nkw;nfhz;l Gjpa cw;gj;jp my;yJ xU gilg;G njhlu;ghd tpguk; my;yJ mwpT Ez;zwpTr; nrhj;J MFk;. ,jid cupa Ez;zwpTr; nrhj;J cupikahsupd; mDkjpapd;wp gad;gLj;JtJ Ez;zwpTr; nrhj;J fsthly; vdg;gLk;. ,J xU Fw;wkhFk; ,jw;fhf cupa fz;Lgpbg;ghsUf;F mtuJ gilg;gpw;fhd Mf;fTuik cj;juTr;rPl;L murhq;fj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gLk;. 4. Nkhrbfs;: epWtdq;fspd;> egu;fspd; ifnahg;gk; kw;Wk; tpguq;fis gad;gLj;jp fsthf Mtzq;fis efy; nra;jy;> fldl;il %yk; Nkhrb nra;jy; Nghd;wtw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

tpOkpag; gpur;rpidfs; 1. vOj;Jj; jpUl;L (Plagiarism) xU gilg;ghspapd; fUj;Jf;fs;> fl;Liufs;> NtW Mf;fq;fs; Mfpatw;iw efy; nra;J mtUila mDkjpapd;wp mjidj; jdJ Mf;fkhf Kd;itj;jy; vOj;Jj; jpUl;L(Plagiarism) vdg;gLk;. xUtuJ Mf;fq;fis gpd;tUk; topfspy; gad;gLj;jyhk;: 1. vLj;Jf; fhl;ly; (Citing): vOjjhsu;fspd; my;yJ vOj;jhsu;fspd; jfty;fisf; Fwpg;gpLjy; 2. Nkw;Nfhs; fhl;ly; (Quoting): efy; nra;ag;gl;l gFjpiaj; jiyfPo;f; fhw;Gs;spfspy;(“…….”) fhl;ly;. 3. Mjhuf; Fwpg;G (Referencing): jfty;fs; ngwg;gl;l tiyg; gf;fj;ijf; fl;Liuapd; ,Wjpapy; Fwpg;gpLjy;.

2|ILM.Irfan

Unit-06||Grade-11

learnbyself.com

ngsjPf kw;Wk; ju;ff ; g; gpur;rpidfSk; mtw;Wf;fhd ghJfhg;gL Vw;ghLfSk; ngsjPf gpur;rpidfSk; mtw;Wf;fhd ghJfhg;GfSk; 1. jilg;glhj tY toq;fy;(Uninterruped Power Supply - UPS) vjpu;ghuhky; Vw;gLk; kpd; jilfspdhy; fzdpfSf;Fk; Mtzq;Fk; Vw;gLk; Nrjj;ijf; Fiwg;gjw;fhf kpd; jilg;gLfpd;w re;ju;g;gq;fspy; njhlu;r;rpahf kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij toq;Ftjw;fhf ,J gad;gLk;. 2. td; jPr;Rtu;(Hardware Firewall): fzdp kw;Wk; tiyaikg;gpDs; mDkjpaw;w Kiwapy; cl;gpuNtrk; ,lk;ngWtjpidj; jLg;gjw;fhf fzdpAld; my;yJ tiyaikg;Gld; jPr;Rtu; nghUj;jg;gLk;. 3. fjT %yk; kl;Lg;gLj;jpa gpuNtrk;: mDkjpaspf;fg;gl;ltu;fis khj;;jpuk; fzdp Ma;T $lj;jpDs; cl;gpuNtrpf;fr; nra;tjw;fhd mDkjpspj;jy;. ,jw;fhf tpuy; milahsj;jpid> ,yj;jpudpay; mDkjp ml;il Nghd;wtw;wpdhy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk; cl;gpuNtr mDkjpapid toq;fy;. 4. %ba Rw;wj; njhiyf;fhl;rp(CCTV) fzpdp Ma;T $lj;ij %ba Rw;Wj; njhiyf;fhl;rpiag; gad;gLj;jp fz;fhdpj;jy;. ,jd; %yk; ntspegu;fspd; ghjpg;Gf;fspypUe;J fzdp kw;Wk; tiyaikg;igg; ghJfhf;fyhk;. 5. vOr;rpg; ghJfhg;gp(Surge Protector): Tsikahd epak Nthy;w; mstpid tpl fzdp kw;Wk Vida fzpdp rhu; rhjdq;fSf;F kpd; rhuk; toq;fg;gLk; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gf;fspypUe;J ghJfhg;gjw;fhf ,r;rhjdk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. 6. Rw;whly; fhuzdpfs;: fzdp Ma;T $Lj;ij fzdpapy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;Ls;s Mtzq;fis ghJfhf;fTk; flTr;nrhw;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. 2. nkd; jPr;Rtu;: fzdp kw;Wk; tiyaikg;gpDs; mDkjpaw;w Kiwapy; cl;gpuNtrk; ,lk;ngWtjpidj; jLg;gjw;fhf fzdpAld; my;yJ tiyaikg;Gld; jPr;Rtu; nghUj;jg;gLk;. 3. fhg;Gfs;(Backups) : fzdpj; njhFjpapy; rLjpahf Vw;gLk; nraypog;Gf;fshy; mjpy; cs;s jfty;fs; moptilahJ ghJfhg;gjw;fhf mj;jfy;fis td;tl;Lfs;> ,Wtl;Lfs;> gspr;rPl;L Njf;fq;fq;fspy; ghJfhj;J itj;jNy ,JthFk;.

jPq;F gaf;Fk; nkd;nghUl;fs;(Malicious Software/Malware) fzpdpapd; toikahd nraw;ghl;bw;F ghjpg;gpid Vw;gLj;jf; $ba/mr;RWj;jy; Vw;gLj;jf; $ba/rthYf;Fl;gLj;jf; $ba nkd;nghUl;fNs jPankd;nghUl;fs; vdg;gLk;. jPa nkd;nghUl;fspdhy; fzdpapw;Fk;> fzpdp tiyaikg;gpw;Fk; Vw;gLj;jpAs;s ghjpg;Gf;fis gpd;tUk; mwpFwpfs; %yk; milahsk; fhzyhk;.  fzdpapd; nraw;jpwd; FiwtilAk;.  fzdpahdJ mbf;fb kPs Muk;gpf;Fk;  fzdp mbf;fb nraypof;Fk;.  rpy nkd;nghUl;fs; ,aq;fhJ Nghfyhk;  rpy Nfhg;Gf;fspd; nfhs;sit mjpkhf my;yJ Fiwthf fhl;lyhk;  Gjpa nkd;nghUl;fis epWt KbahJ Nghfyhk;  tpj;jpahrkhd xypfis vOg;gyhk;  tpj;jpahrkhd Nfhg;Gf;fis my;yJ glq;fis fhl;rpg;gLj;jyhk;.  Gjpa Nfhg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; Mtzq;fis cUthf;fp td;tl;bd; nraw;jpwd; Fiwjy;  fzdp tiyaikg;G eyptiljy; jPq;F gaf;Fk; nkd;nghUl;fshf gpd;tUtdw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;. 1. fzpdp er;R epuy;(Computer Virus) 2. fzdp Nthk;];(Computer Worms)

3|ILM.Irfan 3. 4. 5. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Unit-06||Grade-11

learnbyself.com

xw;wu;nghUs;(spyware) nwh[d; N`h]; (Trojan Horse) mdhtrpa tpsk;guq;fs; (Adware) nghw;];(Bots) nfhs;isf;fhuu;(Hijacker/Browser Hijacker) gp\pq;(Phishing) tpUk;ghj mQ;ry;(Spam)

fzpdp er;R epuy;(Computer Virus) fzdpapw;F jPq;F tpistpf;Fk; Nehf;Fld;; ,d;DnkhU nkd;nghUspd; nraw;gLj;jj;jf;f Nfhg;gpDs; (Executable file) GFe;J fzdpapDs; cl;gpuNtrpj;J jhdhfNt epWtg;gl;L jd;idj; jhNd gpujpnaLf;Fk; xU nkd;nghUs; ,JthFk;. er;R epuy; fzdpapDs; cs;Eiotjw;fhd topfs;  er;Repuy; ghjpg;Gw;w fzdpapy; gad;gLj;jpa CD> DVD> pen drive Nghd;wtw;wpd; %yk;  er;R epuy; ghjpg;Gw;w ,izaj;jsq;fis mZfpdhy;  tiyaikg;gpy; er;R epuy; jhf;fKw;w fzdpfSld; juTg; gupkhw;wj;jpy; Nghypahd tiyj;jsq;fy; Nghd;wtw;wpd; %yk; r%fg; nghwpapay; cj;jpfisg; gad;gLj;jp epWtg;gLk;. Xw;wu;nghUs;: gadUf;F njupahky; fzdpapy; epWtg;gl;L gadupd; jdpg;gl;l ,ufrpa jfty;fis Nrfupj;J mDg;Gjy;. fzdpapd; fl;likg;Gf;fis khw;wy;> tpsk;guq;fis fhl;rpg;gLj;jy; Nghd;w tplaq;fis gadupd; mDkjpapy;yhky; nra;af; $ba nkd;nghUshFk;. ,J ,ytr/ gFjpasT ,ytr nkd;nghUl;fSld; gadUf;F njupahky; epWtg;gLk;. ,jid epgu;j;jp nra;a Anti spyware epWtg;gLk; Nuh[d; Nfh]; ,JTk; jPq;F gaf;ff; $ba xU nkd;nghUshFk;. Mdhy; ,J jd;id xU nry;Ygbahd/ek;gfkhd nkd;nghUshff; fhl;b fzdpapy; epWtg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,J jhdhf gpujpgz;ZtNjh/xU fzdpapypUe;J ,d;DnkhU fzdpapw;F guTtNjh ,y;iy. ,J gadUf;F njhe;juT tpiotpf;Fk; tifapy; POP up windows fisj; jpwj;jy;> desktop ,id khw;wy;> Vida jPq;F gaf;ff; $ba nkd;nghUl;fis fzdpapy; epWTjy; Nghd;w nra;iffis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. ,J kpd;dQ;ry; %yk; my;yJ

,izaj;jpD}lhf gjptpwf;fg;gLk; Nfhg;Gf;fs; %yKk;; cs;EioAk;.

mdhtrpa tpsk;guq;fs;(Adware) ,J er;R epuy; Nghd;W jPq;F gaf;ff; $ba nkd;nghUs; my;y Mdhy; gadUf;F njhe;juT juj;jf;f tifapy; mbf;fb tu;j;jf tpsk;guq;fisf; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gLk; ,jid epgu;j;jp nra;a pop blocker/ anti adware gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. nghw;]; Vida tiyaikg;Gf;fSld; njhlu;Gfisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mNjNtis Rakhfj; njhopw;ghl;Lj; jPq;F gaf;Fk; nkd;nghUshFk;. ,J rLjpr; nra;jpfs; kw;Wk; ,izaf; fye;Jiuahypd; %yk; gupkhwg;gLk; gpuj;jpNafj; jfty;fisr; gadUf;Fj; njupahky; Nrfupf;Fk;. ,jd; ngauhdJ Robots ,ypUe;J ngwg;gl;l bots MFk;. nfhs;isf;fhuu;. xU fzdpapy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;gl;bUf;Fk; juT kw;Wk; jfty;fis mf;fzdp epu;thfpapd; mDkjpapy;yhky; ngw;Wf; nfhs;gtu;fisNa ,J Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

4|ILM.Irfan

Unit-06||Grade-11

learnbyself.com

gp\pq; gaeiu Vkw;wp gaduplkpUe;J mtuJ jdpg;gl;l kw;Wk; ,ufrpaj; jfty;fis kpd;dQ;ry; kw;Wk; ,izaj;jpD}lhfg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjhFk;. ,jw;fhf gadUf;F ek;gfkhf epWtj;jplkpUe;J tUtJ Nghd;w kpd;dQ;ry; mDg;gg;;gl;L mtuplkpUe;J tq;fpf; fzf;F tpguk; my;yJ kpd; fzf;F tpguq;fs; ngwg;gl;L mjd; %yk; gadupd; jfty;fs; kw;Wk; gzk; jpUlg;glyhk;. tpUk;ghj kpd;dQ;ry;fs; Njitaw;w Kiwapy; njhlu;;r;rpahf mDg;gg;gLk; kpd;dQ;ry;fNs(Spam) MFk;. ,k;kpd;dQ;ry;fs; tu;j;jf tpsk;gukhf> Nkhrbahd kpd;dQ;ry;fshf> jdpg;gl;l tpguq;fis Nfhuf;$ba kpd;dQ;ry;fshf ,Uf;fyhk;. jPq;F gaf;Fk; nkd;nghUl;fspypUe;J fzpdpiaAk; fzpdp tiyaikg;igAk; ghJfhf;Fk; Kiwfs; 1. er;R epuy; ghJfhg;G nkd;nghUid epWTjy; kw;Wk; mjid mbf;fb ,w;iwg;gLj;jy;. cjhuzk;: Avira Antivirus, Avast, AVG, Norton, Kaspersky, MS Security Essential, McAfee, Bit Defender, K7 Nghd;wit rpythFk;. 2. ntspj;Njf;fq;fis er;R epuy; ghJfhg;G nkd;nghUs; %yk; Nrhjpj;j gpd; gad;gLj;jy;. 3. vg;NghJk; rl;luPjpahd nkd;nghUl;fis fzpdpap;y; epWTjy;. 4. rhjhuz gad;ghl;bw;F fzdp eputfpf;Fk; fzf;fpw;Fg; gjpyhf rhjhuz fzf;ifg; gad;gLj;jy; 5. ghJfhg;ghd kw;Wk; ek;gfkhf ,izaj;jsq;fspy; ,Ue;J khj;jpuNk nkd;nghUl;fis my;yJ Mtzq;fis gjptpwf;fk; nra;jy;. 6. gjptpwf;fg;gl;l nkd;nghUs;/ Mtzq;fis er;R epuy; nkd;nghUspdhy; guPl;rpj;jy; 7. re;Njfpj;jpl;fplkhd ,izg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; kpd;dQ;ry;fis jpwf;f Ntz;lhk;. 8. jPr;Rtu; kw;Wk; kpd;dQ;ry; tbfl;bfis gad;gLj;jy;. ,yq;if jfty; ghJfhg;G epWtfq;fs; (Institution for Information Security of Sri Lanka). 1. jfty; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gtpay; Kftu; epiyak;(Information and Communication Technology Agency) 2. ,yq;if fzpdp mtruf; jahu;epiyf; FO (Sri Lanka Computer Emergency Readiness Team - CERT) 3. jfty; ghJfhg;G Kfhikj;Jt Kiwik epWtdk; (Information Security Management System - ISMS) ICT apdhy; Vw;gLk; cly;NfLfs; 1. jir td;$l;Lg; gpur;rpid 2. kPs;tUk; jifg;Gf; fhak;(Repetitive Stress Injury-RSI) 3. kzpf;fl;L Ruq;fr; rfrk;(Carpel Tunnel Syndrome - CTS) 4. fzpdpg; ghu;itr; rfrk;(Computer Vision Syndrome - CVS): njhlu;r;rpahf 6 my;yJ 7 kzpj;jpahyq;fs; fzpdpapy; njhlu;e;J gzpahw;Wtjpdhy; fz;zpy; Vw;glf; $ba cWj;jy; fzpdpg; ghu;itr; rfrk; vdg;gLk;. 5. jiytyp(Headache) 6. jifg;G(Stress)