Jccc !"cccc c!"!ccc cc# ccc c$c#cc#c cc$c cccccc % c &c c ccc 'ccccc ccccc (c#c cc ccc c # c cc c 'c cc c c c $c c (c # c J$c c c (c c )c c c '*c c c cc c c c c 'c+c #ccc c c c c cc #c $&&c c&cc ,cc c c&cc #c c c c )c c c c c Jc c c c $c $(c c 'c +c #c c c c c c #c c $c ccc cc cc#cc$cc cc$ccc c c cccc c#cccc$c$c'c c c $c $c c $c c$c c c c #c c --c c 'c .c c c #c c c c c c c c #c #c c c /c c 'c 0c c c $c c c c c c $c c $c c ccc$ccc ccccccc $c# c cccc c#c cc c c c c c $$c c #c c c c c c c 1 c c cccc$ c$cc ccc$c$cc#ccc ccc cccc ' 'c c
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AIRCRAFT WING BASICS FORCES ON AIRCRAFT
Fig Basic forces on an aircraft 'Lift 2 ccccc#cccccc c cc(c# c c c c c c c # (c #c c c c # c c c - -c #'c.ccc ccc# c3 4cc cccc # c $c c #c $c c $c c c c c c c c #c c c c c c # c #'c 2 c c c c #c c c c c $c 3c # 4'cc
Fig Generation of lift forcec
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Thrust .ccc cccc#cc#c $ccc #c'c*c c c --c c --c c c #'c .c c c c #c $c 'c $cc%c cc#ccccc'c
Drag ccc c#c cc#cc #c $c ccc c cc#cc #ccccccc cc cc'c *c c c c c c c c c c c c $c c c c c c c 'c .c c c c 1c c c c c c c 'c c (cccccc cccc'c
Aspect ratio .cccccc$ccccc$ c'c5"6c*cccc c #c cccc# cc#cc c$cc#'c ác
cLow aspect ratioc &c c c c # 'c 7c c c c $cc#cc cc c'c.cccccc c cccc2)c &!8c ccc$c &c c 3' 'ccc9&:4'c
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c Fig Basic aircraft motions
SIGNIFICANCE OF WING S*APE .c c ccc# cccccc ccc c #ccc#cccccc 'c.ccc c cc# cc cc$ccc ccc cc' c # c c c c c c )c c c c c c c c 'c *c c c )c c c c c c c # c c c c c c #c c c c c c # c c c 'c c c c c c c #c $c c c c c 'c B#$c #c c c c # c c c c +Cc c #(c c c c c c cc c c'c .cc cc# ccccccc cc 'c c1c & c Dc $c #c #&)c # 'c .c #c # c c c c c c$cccccccc c# cccc 'c.c )c # c c #c c Dc c c $c c c c #c c 'c & cc$cc c# 'c+c# ccc c c c c c c #c c # c 'c *c c c c c c cc ccccc#cc#c 'c.cc#ccc c)c ccccc c c$ccc ccc# c c c ccccJ@cc2@'c c 8c c
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SWEPT WINGS: A BREAK T*ROUG* IN ODERN AVIATIONc .c c c c c $c #c c c c c c $c c c c c c c c c >c c #c # 'c $c c cc $ c cc#c # c c cc c#c c c c #c 1c c cc cc c c c @c *c 3c0Ec04ccF ccc c(cc c c3cGc Hc2 &cc@ Ec2@4'c *cc "!cc c c ccccc$c>ccc'cc cc cc #c cc cc c c cc 'c .c c c c c # c c c $c c c #c c #c c )c 'c c /c c c c /'c +c c c c c $c c c c c c c.ccc#c ccc$ cc)#c c'c c+cc$c cc#c# c#ccc=c#c cccc ccccccc ccc=$c c
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oc Basis of modern aviation c cc cD>c+ c!c.c$cccc c c c c c $'c .c c c c c c c +8cDc'c.ccc#ccc cc+ c!c#cc c c c$cDc$'cc cCc c$cccccc +!'cccccc#c c+Cc#c# cc$ccJ)c ,cc
c ccccccccccc+1c# cccccccccccccc1c# ccccccccc cc# ccccccc c# 'c Fig Combined or closed wing shapes oc Deltac &c c c c #c #c c c c c c 'c J cc$ c cc#c# c#c cc 'c0c>cc
c .ccccccccccc.ccccccccc ccccc cccccJ $c c Fig Delta wing shapes MM###'& & 'c 'c >MM'# #)'c
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