Fundamentos de Geopolítica - El Futuro Geopolítico de Rusia - Aleksandr Duguin

 

@daro5 Fukibjnktos in Mnopo`êtdlb

WBQYN 2 WBIQN\ F^KIBIOQN\ IN @B MNOWO@ÊYDLB Lbpêtu`o 2 Fninrdlo Qbtzn`. Nstbios lojo ormbkdsjos nspbldb`ns 2.2 Niulbldük5 "nslun`b ormbkdstb" b`njbkb Frdnirdlc Qbtzn` (2399-2479) punin snr loksdinrbio n` "pbirn" in `b mnopo`êtdlb, bukqun ä` jdsjo ko utd`dzü nstn tärjdko nk sus nslrdtos. Nslrdadü soarn "mnomrbfêb po`êtdlb". \u oarb prdkldpb`, pua`dlbib nk 234=, sn ``bjb "Wo`dtdslcn Mnomrbpcdn". Qbtzn` sn mrbiuü in `b ^kdvnrsdibi Wo`dtälkdlb in Hbr`srucn, iokin tojü lursos in mno`omêb, pb`nokto`omêb y zoo`omêb. Lojp`ntü su niulbldük nk Cndin`anrm, iokin sn lokvdrtdü nk b`ujko in` profnsor Nrkst Cbnlhn` (qudnk fun n` prdjnro nk utd`dzbr n` tärjdko "nlo`omêb"). @b losjovdsdük in Qbtzn` sn absbab nk n` nvo`uldokdsjo y n` ibrwdkdsjo y nstbab tnòdib in uk jbrlbio dktnräs por `b ado`omêb. Qbtzn` pbrtdldpb nk `b munrrb in 23=7, iokin sn ofrnln lojo vo`uktbrdo y rnldan `b Lruz in Cdn Cdnrro rro por su vb` vb`nkt nktêb. êb. Nk po` po`êtd êtdlb, lb, sn lok lokvdn vdnrtn rtn mrb mrbiub iub`jn `jnktn ktn nk uk kbl kbldok dokb`d b`dstb stb lokvnkldio, y nk 2347 sn ukn b `b "@dmb Wbkmnrjbkdstb" in Hbr` Wntnrs. Vdbeb nxtnksbjnktn por Nuropb y Bjärdlb y sujb b sus dktnrnsns ldnktêfdlos `b dkvnstdmbldük nk ntko`omêb. \n lokvdrtdü nk profnsor in mnomrbfêb nk n` Dkstdtuto Yälkdlo in Jõkdlc y nk 2336 sn trbs`biü b uk inpbrtbjnkto sdjd`br nk @ndpzdm. Nk 23=6, Qbtzn` infnkidü su tnsds soarn "@b njdmrbldük nk Lcdkb", y nk 2331 sn pua`dlü nk \tutt \tuttmbrt mbrt su oarb fukibjnktb` fukibjnktb` "Bktr "Bktropomn opomnomrbf omrbfêb" êb" ("Bkt ("Bktropom ropomnomrb nomrbpcdn" pcdn"), ), nk `b qun forju`ü sus prdkldpb`ns dinbs5 `b loknxdük nktrn `b nvo`uldük in `os puna`os y `b injomrbfêb. lok ibtos mnomrâfdlos, n` tnrrnko in dkf`unkldb nk n` insbrro``o lu`turb` y po`êtdlo in `os puna`os, ntl. Wnro su `daro jâs aâsdlo fun Mnomrbfêb Wo`êtdlb. 2.1 Nstbios lojo ormbkdsjos vdvos

 

Nk nstb oarb, Qbtzn` injunstrb qun n` sun`o ns uk ibto fukibjnktb` n dkjutba`n, nk torko b` lu torko lub` b` md mdrb rbkk `o `oss dk dktn tnrn rnsn snss in `o `oss pun puna` a`os os.. N` jo jovd vdjd jdnk nkto to in `b cd cdst stor ordb db ns nstâ tâ prnintnrjdkbio por n` sun`o y n` tnrrdtordo. @o qun sdmun ns `b lokl`usdük nvo`uldokdstb in qun "n` nstbio ns uk ormbkdsjo vdvo" pnro uk ormbkdsjo "brrbdmbio nk `b tdnrrb". N` Nstbio sn forjb b pbrtdr in` rn`dnvn y nslb`b tnrrdtordb` y in su lojprnksdük por n` puna`o. Bsê, n` Nstbio rnf`neb `b rnb`dibi mnomrâfdlb oaentdvb y `b lojprnksdük kbldokb` suaentdvb in nstb rnb`dibi, nxprnsbib nk `b po`êtdlb. Qbtzn` loksdinrb qun uk Nstbio "korjb`" ns bqun` qun lojadkb in `b jbknrb jâs ormâkdlb `os pbrâjntros mnomrâfdlos, injomrâfdlos y ntkolu`turb`ns in `b kbldük. ä` nstâ nslrdadnkio5 " @os nstbios nk toibs `bs ntbpbs in su insbrro``o sok loksdinrbios lojo ormbkdsjos  qun knlnsbrdbjnktn rntdnknk su loknxdük lok su sun`o y por `o tbkto inank snr nstuidbios  insin uk pukto in vdstb mnomrâfdlo. Lojo junstrbk `b ntkomrbfêb y `b cdstordb, `os nstbios sn  insbrro``bk soarn ukb absn nspbldb`, lbib vnz jâs bpbrnâkiosn y fusdokâkiosn lok ä`, nxtrbyäk nxtr byäkio`n io`n lbib vnz jâs nknrmêb. Bsê, `os nstb nstbios ios rnsu rnsu`tbk `tbk snr fnküj fnküjnkos nkos nspbldb`ns  nspbldb`ns  loktro`bios y bkdjbios por nstn nspbldo8 y `b mnomrbfêb inan inslrdadr`os, lojpbrbr`os, jnidr`os. @os nstbios nklbebk nk ukb snrdn in fnküjnkos in `b nxpbksdük in `b Vdib., sdnkio  n` pukto jâs b`to in nstos fnküjnkos‚  (‐Mnomrbfêb  (‐Mnomrbfêb Wo`êtdlb‚ (2)).

Insin nstn nkfoqun "ormbkdldstb" qunib l`bro qun Qbtzn` nktdnkin `b nxpbksdük nspbldb` in` nstbio lojo uk prolnso kbturb` in vdib, sdjd`br b` lrnldjdnkto in `os ormbkdsjos vdvos. N` nkfoqun "ormâkdlo" in Qbtzn` tbjadäk sn rnf`neb nk rn`bldük lok n` nspbldo jdsjo (Qbuj). Nstn "nspbldo" pbsb in ukb lbtnmorêb jbtnrdb` lubktdtbtdvb b ukb kunvb lub`dibi, lokvdrtdäkiosn nk ukb " nsfnrb in vdib ", " nspbldo in vdib " (@nanksrbuj), ukb nspnldn in " bjadnktn mnoado`ümdlo ". In bquê sn sdmunk `os otros ios tärjdkos djportbktns in Qbtzn`5 " sdmkdfdl sdmk dfdlbio bio nspbl nspbldb` db` " (Qbujsdkk) y " nknr nknrmêb mêb vdtb` " (@nanksnknrmdn). Nstos tärjdkos nstâk prüxdjos nktrn sê y inkotbk ukb ldnrtb lub`dibi nspnldb` dkcnrnktn b `os sdstnjbs mnomrâfdlos y qun prnintnrjdkb su forjbldük po`êtdlb nk `b cdstordb in `os puna`os y nstbios. Yoibs nstbs tnsds sok `os prdkldpdos fukibjnktb`ns in `b mnopo`êtdlb, nk `b forjb nk qun sn insbrro``brâ b`mo jâs tbrin nktrn `os snmudiorns in Qbtzn`. Binjâs, `b bltdtui cbldb n` Nstbio lojo uk " ormbkdsjo nspbldb` vdvo brrbdmbio nk n` sun`o " ns `b dinb prdkldpb` y n` nen in `b jntoio`omêb mnopo`êtdlb. Nstn nkfoqun sn lnktrb nk n` nstuido sdktätdlo in toio n` lojp`neo lojp `neo in fnküj fnküjnkos nkos,, dkinp dkinpnkidn nkidnktnjn ktnjnktn ktn in qun pnrtnknzlbk pnrtnknzlbk b `b nsfn nsfnrb rb cujbkb o ko cujbkb. N` nspbldo lojo nxprnsdük loklrntb in `b kbturb`nzb, n` jnido bjadnktn, ns loksdinrbio lojo uk lunrpo vdtb` loktdkuo in `b ntkdb, ns n` nspbldo in` cbadtbktn. @b nstrulturb in` jbtnrdb` jdsjo idltb `bs proporldokns in `b oarb in brtn fdkb`. Nk nstn Qbtzn` ns cnrninro in toib jâs `b nslun`b in soldo`omêb "ormâkdlb" b`njbkb, in `bsnktdio, qun Fnridkbki Ynkkds fun n`idrnlto rnprnsnktbktn instblbio. 2. in `os lub`ns vdvnk b `o `brmo  in` fnrrolbrrd` trbksloktdknktb` in Drhutsh b V`bidvostoh. Nk n` rnsto in `os tnrrdtordos, cby  jnkos in ukb pnrsokb por lbib 3 hd`üjntros lubirbios. @b rdqunzb kbturb` in nstb tdnrrb -  jbinrb, jbin rb, jdkn jdknrb`ns rb`ns,, ntl. nstâ prâl prâltdlbj tdlbjnktn nktn dktblto ". ("W`bkntb rniokio y lokqudstb in`

jukio") (2>) N`djdkbldük `os ``bjbios. @nkb`bkilojo in `osukb `êjdtns in` lorbzük `b posdad`dibi in in loksdinrbr nstn tnrrdtordo zokbmnomrâfdlos in "jnidb `ukb dktnrdor",sdmkdfdlbab ns inldr,

 

lojo uk nspbldo lostnro qun poirêb snr utd`dzbio por `bs potnkldbs "dksu`brns" pbrb `ulcbr loktrb lok trb n` "ne "nenn mno mnomrâ mrâfdl fdloo in `b cds cdstor tordb" db".. Jbl Jblhdk hdkinr inr,, qun pbr pbrtdl tdldpü dpü blt bltdvb dvbjnk jnktn tn nk `b ormbkdzbldük in `b dktnrvnkldük in `b Nktnktn y in` "jovdjdnkto a`bklo", bpbrnktnjnktn loksdinrü n` prnlninktn cdstürdlo in Ho`lcbh, qun rnsdstdü b` lnktro nurobsdâtdlo, lojo absn sufdldnktn pbrb loksdinrbr `os tnrrdtordos abeo su loktro` lojo ukb potnkldb` "zokb lostnrb". ".

). Wnro yb 27 bòos bktns in `b bpbrdldük in` tnxto in Jblhdkinr, n` b`jdrbktn Jbcbk prnideo n` instdko p`bkntbrdo in Bjärdlb, lokvdrtdäkiosn nk `b prdkldpb` potnkldb jbrêtdjb, dkf`uynkio idrnltbjnktn nk n` instdko in` jukio. Nk Bjnrdlb's Dktnrnst dk \nb Wownr, Jbcbk brmujnktü qun pbrb qun Nstbios ^kdios sn lokvdnrtb nk ukb potnkldb jukidb`, inan lujp`dr lok `os sdmudnktns puktos5 2) loopnrbr bltdvbjnktn lok n` poinr jbrêtdjo ardtâkdlo8 1) dktnrfnrdr lok `os rnl`bjos jbrêtdjos b`njbkns8 . Nstn prdkldpdo loksdstn nk n` a`oquno in `os tnrrdtordos nknjdmos insin n` jbr y b `o `brmo in `bs lostbs, `o qun lokiuln mrbiub`jnktn b` bmotbjdnkto nstrbtämdlo in` nknjdmo. Ibio qun Jbcbk lrnêb qun n` poinr in` nstbio nstâ intnrjdkbio por su potnkldb` pbrb lokvnrtdrsn nk uk Woinr in` Jbr, nktoklns, nk lbso in ukb lokfroktbldük, `b tbrnb nstrbtämdlb kõjnro uko ns nvdtbr nstb forjbldük forjb ldük nk n` lbjpo nknjd nknjdmo. mo. Nk loksn loksnlunkl lunkldb, db, `b tbrnb in `b lokfroktbldük lokfroktbldük cdstürdlb cdstürdlb in Nstbio Nst bioss ^kd ^kdios ios ns for fortb` tb`nln nlnrr sus pos posdld dldokn oknss nk `os 6 puk puktos tos prd prdkld kldpb` pb`ns ns (jn (jnkld kldokb okbios ios bktnrdorjnktn) y inad`dtbr `os jdsjos puktos. propdbsinank nxtnksdokns lostnrbs inank nstbr abeo loktro`,b`y nknjdmo `bs zokbsnklorrnspokidnktns in`@bs nknjdmo dktnktbrsn por lub`qudnr jnido pbrb brrbklbr`bs in `b jbsb loktdknktb`. T jâs5 ibio qun `b Ioltrdkb Jokron (nk su pbrtn in dktnmrbldük tnrrdtordb`) fortb`nln n` poinr in` Nstbio, ko inan pnrjdtdrsn `b lrnbldük in forjbldokns in dktnmrbldük sdjd`brns lok n` nknjdmo. Wor n` loktrbrdo, n` nknjdmo o rdvb` nk n` lbso in Jbcbk, `bs potnkldbs nurobsdâtdlbs (Qusdb, Lcdkb, B`njbkdb) inanrêbk nstrbkmu`b nstr bkmu`brr b `b jbsb loktd loktdknktb` knktb` nk `os bkd`` bkd``os os in `b "bkblokib", "bkblokib", nstrueâkio`b nstrueâkio`b inadio b `bs zokbs lostnrbs brrnabtbibs b su loktro`. y a`oqunbkio, sd ns posda`n, `bs sb`dibs b `os nspbldos jbrêtdjos. Nk `b Wrdjnrb Munrrb Jukidb`, nstb nstrbtnmdb sn djp`njnktü nk bpoyo in `b Nktnktn b` jovdjdnkto A`bklo b `o `brmo in `b pnrdfnrdb in Nurbsdb (lojo rnspunstb b `b lokl`usdük in `b pbz lok B`njbkdb por pbrtn in `os ao`lcnvdquns), nk `b \nmukib Munrrb Jukidb` tbjadäk sn lokvdrtdü loktrb Nuropb Lnktrb` y, nk pbrtdlu`br, b trbväs in opnrbldokns kbvb`ns loktrb n` Nen y Ebpük. Wnro ns nspnldb`jnktn vdsda`n nk `b nrb in `b Munrrb Frêb, lubkio n` nkfrnktbjdnkto nktrn NN. ^^. `b ^Q\\ b`lbkzü nsbs proporldokns p`bkntbrdbs, lok `bs qun `b mnopo`êtdlb vnkêby opnrbkio b kdvn` tnürdlo insin fdkb`ns m`oab`ns, in` sdm`o SDS.

 

In cnlco, `bs `êknbs jbnstrbs in `b nstrbtnmdb in `b OYBK, bsê lojo in otros a`oquns instdkbios b loktnknr b `b ^Q\\ (n` loklnpto in "loktnkldük" ns diäktdlo b` loklnpto nstrbtämdlo y mnopo`êtdlo in "bkblokib") B\NBK, BKU^\, LNKYO sok ukb idrnltb insbrro``o in `bs prdkldpb`ns tnsds in` b`jdrbktn Jbcbk, b qudnk, soarn nstb absn, sn `n punin ``bjbr n` pbirn dktn`nltub` in toio n` bt`bktdsjo joinrko. Lbpêtu`o >  Vdib` in `b A`blcn "Frbkldb "Frbkldb loktrb B`njbkdb" B`njbkdb" >.2 Djbmnk in `b mnomrbfêb in Frbkldb  Vdib` in `b A`blcn (239>-2423) ns loksdinrbio n` fukibior in `b nslun`b frbklnsb in mnomrbfêb. Mnümrbfo profnsdokb`, nstbab fbsldkbio por `b "mnomrbfêb po`êtdlb" in Qbtzn` y lokstr lok struyü uyü sus tno tnorêb rêbss abs absâki âkiosn osn nk nst nstbb fun funktn ktn,, bukq bukqun un lrd lrdtdl tdlüü snv snvnrb nrbjnk jnktn tn jul julcos cos bspnltos in `b nslun`b mnopo`êtdlb b`njbkb. Nk su `daro B Wdlturn of tcn Mnomrbpcy of Frbkln (247.1 Wosdad`dibidsjo Nstb lrêtdlb b `b nxb`tbldük nxlnsdvb in Qbtzn` in` fbltor nspbldb` ``nvü b Vdib` ib `b A`blcn b ins insbrr brro`` o``br br uk lok loklnp lnpto to mno mnopo` po`êtd êtdlo lo nsp nspnld nldb` b` in " posda posdad`ds d`dsjo jo " (in `b pb`barb "posda`n" "posda`n"). \nmõk nstn loklnpto, `b cdstordb po`êtdlb tdnkn ios bspnltos5 nspbldb` (mnomrâfdlo) y (cdstürdlo ürdlo). ). N` fblt fbltor or mnom mnomrâfdl râfdloo sn rnf`neb nk n` nktorko, n` fbltor cdstürdlo nk `b tnjporb` tnjp orb` (cdst pnrsokb jdsjb ("n` portbior in `b dkdldbtdvb") (13). Vdib` in `b A`blcn lrnêb qun n` nrror in `os "mnümrbfos po`êtdlos" b`njbkns nrb loksdinrbr n` rn`dnvn lojo fbltor intnrjdkbktn nk `b cdstordb `os nstbios.Ä`Bsê, snmõkpropokn in `b A`blcn, sn jnkosprnldb fbltor inmnomrâfdlb `b `danrtbi cujbkbpo`êtdlb y in `bincdstordldibi. jdsjo loksdinrbr `b posdldükn` nspbldb` lojo ukb "potnkldb`dibi", ukb "posdad`dibi", qun punin bltub`dzbrsn y lokvnrtdrsn nk uk fbltor po`êtdlo rnb`, o punin ko bltub`dzbrsn. Nsto inpnkin nk mrbk jnidib in` fbltor suaentdvo in `b pnrsokb qun cbadtb n` nspbldo ibio. Nstn nkfoqun tbjadäk fun tnkdio nk lunktb por `os mnopo`êtdlos b`njbkns in `b nslun`b in Cbuscofnr, qudnkns loksdinrbrok fukibib n djportbktn `b lrêtdlb in `b A`blcn. Nk nstn lbso, n` pbpn` in` fbltor ätkdlo o rbldb` oavdbjnktn bujnktü b` loksdinrbr `b cdstordb po`êtdlb in `os nstbios, y nsto rnsokü lok n` surmdjdnkto mnknrb` in proa`njbs rbldb`ns nk B`njbkdb nk `b iälbib in 2417. N` "posdad`dsjo" in `b A`blcn fun pnrldadio por `b jbyorêb in `bs nslun`bs mnopo`êtdlbs lojo lo jo uk ukbb lo lorr rrnl nlld ldük ük in in`` rê rêmd mdio io in intn tnrj rjdk dkds dsjo jo mn mnom omrâ râfd fdlo lo in `os butor butorns ns mnopo mnopo`êtdl `êtdlos os bktnrdorns. >.< Frbkldb por "\nb Forln"

 

 Vdib` in `b A`blcn prnstü nspnldb` btnkldük b B`njbkdb, qun nrb n` prdkldpb` opoknktn po`êtdlo in Frbkldb nk nsn jojnkto. Lrnêb qun B`njbkdb nrb n` õkdlo nstbio nuropno poinroso luyb nxpbksdük mnopo`êtdlb fun a`oqunbib in`danrbibjnktn por otrbs potnkldbs nuropnbs insbrro``bibs. \d Dkm`btnrrb y Frbkldb tdnknk sus vbstbs lo`okdbs nk Âfrdlb y nk toio n` jukio, sd `os Nstbios ^kdios punink jovnrsn lbsd `darnjnktn cbldb n` sur y n` kortn, sd Qusdb tdnkn Bsdb, nktoklns B`njbkdb nstâ bprntbib por toios `bios y ko tdnkn sb`dib pbrb sus nknrmêbs. In `b A`blcn vdo nsto lojo `b prdkldpb` bjnkbzb pbrb `b pbz nk Nuropb y loksdinrü knlnsbrdo inad`dtbr in toibs `bs forjbs posda`ns n` insbrro``o in nstn pn`dmroso vnldko. Nstb bltdtui cbldb B`njbkdb supuso `ümdlbjnktn `b infdkdldük mnopo`êtdlb in Frbkldb lojo lo jo pb pbrt rtnn in in`` fr frnk nktn tn lo lojõ jõkk in in`` "W "Woi oinr nr in in`` Jb Jbr" r" or ordn dnkt ktbi bioo lo lokt ktrb rb `b `bss po potn tnkl kldb dbss loktdknktb`ns. @b posdldük in `b A`blcn ko fun `b õkdlb nktrn `os mnopo`êtdlos frbklnsns, yb qun tbjadäk cuao ukb lorrdnktn mnrjbküfd`b opunstb, rnprnsnktbib por n` b`jdrbktn @bvb``n y n` mnknrb` In Mbu``n. Nk 242=, Vdib` in `b A`blcn pua`dlü n` `daro "Nstn in Frbkldb", nk n` qun injunstrb `b pnrtnknkldb ordmdkb` in `bs provdkldbs in B`sbldb-@ornkb b Frbkldb y `b dklojpntnkldb in `bs prntnksdokns b`njbkbs soarn nstbs ârnbs. B` jdsjo tdnjpo, bpn`b b `b Qnvo`uldük Frbklnsb, loksdinrbkio su idjnksdük ebloadkb lojo nxprnsdük in `bs tnkinkldbs mnopo`êtdlbs in` puna`o frbkläs, pumkbkio por `b ukdfdlbldük y lnktrb`dzbldük in su Nstbio b trbväs in `b dktnmrbldük mnomrâfdlb. Ybjadäk nxp`dlb n` `danrb`dsjo po`êtdlo b trbväs in` bpnmo in `b mnktn b` sun`o y n` insno kbturb` in lokvnrtdr`o nk propdnibi prdvbib. Bsê, Vdib` in `b A`blcn, b su jbknrb, loknltb rnb`dibins mnopo`êtdlbs lok rnb`dibins dino`ümdlbs5 `b po`êtdlb nspbldb` in Nuropb Olldi Ol ldinkt nktb` b` (F (Frbk rbkldb ldb)) nst nstââ dki dkidso dso`ua `ua`nj `njnkt nktnn ukd ukdib ib b `b "in "injol jolrbl rbldb" db" y b` "`d "`danr anrb`d b`dsjo sjo". ". Jnidbktn tb` nlubldük, ns fâld` blnrlbr `bs opdkdokns mnopo`êtdlbs in `b A`blcn b `bs in Jblhdkinr y Jbcbk. @b n`nlldük In `b A`blcn in "ordnktbldük kâutdlb" nklbeb juy adnk nk nstn nsqunjb. Lbpêtu`o 6 Kdlco`bs \pnbhjbk "Qnvdsdük in Jbldkinr, lnktrb`dibi in Qdj`bki" 6.2 B` snrvdldo in Bjärdlb ^k nstb nstbioukdi ioukdinksn nksn in ordmn ordmnkk co`bki co`bkiäs äs Kdlco`bs \pnbhjbk \pnbhjbk (234.1 Instrudr n` loriük sbkdtbrdo @b fürju`b prdkldpb` pbrb bkb`dzbr `b mnopo`êtdlb in` "Olldinktn ruso" ns n` prdkldpdo5 "Nuropb ns nuropnb, Qusdb ns rusb". Bquê, nk mnknrb`, sn inan bltubr in `b jdsjb jbknrb qun nk n` lbso in` jukio ds`âjdlo, `bs kunvbs froktnrbs sok dknvdtba`ns, b`mukbs rnmdokns inank idvdidrsn in kunvo, pnro nk toios `os lbsos `b tbrnb prdkldpb` sdmun sdnkio `b lrnbldük in nktdibins bjdmbs-knutrb`ns nk n` Olldinktn, lok jâxdjb `danrtbi ntkolu`turb`, nloküjdlb y soldb`, pnro lok ukb inpnkinkldb nstrbtämdlb in Joslõ. N` oaentdvo ns ‐fdk`bkidzbr‚ toib Nuro Nu ropb pb,, pn pnro ro in inan anjo joss lo lojn jnkz kzbr br lo lokk `b rn rnor ormb mbkd kdzb zbld ldük ük in `o `oss ns nspb pbld ldos os qu qunn ns nstâ tâkk dkjnidbtbjnktn biyblnktns b Qusdb.  Bquê surmn dkjnidbtbjnktn uk proa`njb lojp`neo5 n` loriük sbkdtbrdo. @os mnopo`êtdlos bt`bktdstbs sok juy loksldnktns in` pn`dmro nstrbtämdlo in `b b`dbkzb in Qusdb lok Nuropb (nspnl (ns pnldb` db`jnk jnktn tn lok B`n B`njbk jbkdb) db) y trb trbidl idldok dokb`j b`jnkt nktnn aus auslbk lbk nv nvdtb dtbr`o r`o in toi toibs bs `b `bss for forjbs jbs posda`ns. N` jätoio jâs nfdlbz in tb`bsolrbldb ns n` "loriük sbkdtbrdo", ns inldr, ukb frbkeb in vbrd vb rdos os ns nstb tbio ioss fr frokt oktnr nrdz dzos os,, co cost std`d`ns ns tb tbkt ktoo b `o `oss vn vnld ldko koss in in`` ns nstn tn lo lojo jo in in`` on onst stn, n, y idrn id rnlt ltbj bjnk nktn tn lo lokn knlt ltbi bibb lo lokk n` po po`o `o bt bt`â `âkt ktdl dlo. o. N` pb pbpn pn`` in tb tb`` "l "lor oriü iükk sb sbkd kdtb tbrd rdo" o" `o insnjpnòbk trbidldokb`jnktn Wo`okdb y `os pbêsns in Nuropb in` Nstn uadlbios b` sur in Lcnlos`ovbqudb, Qujbkdb, ntl. @b dinb in tb` "loriük" fun insbrro``bib por n` mnopo`êtdlo Jblhdkinr y fun djp`njnktbib lok julco b prdkldpdos in sdm`o y bktns innktrn `b \nmukib Munrrb Jukidb`. Binjâs, nk bjaos lbsos,äxdto fdkb`jnktn sn `omrü n` oaentdvo, `bs ios

potnkldbs loktdknktb`dstbs, Qusdb y B`njbkdb, lojnkzü uk lokf`dlto, lojo rnsu`tbio in `o lub`

 

`bs vdltordbs nstrbtämdlbs funrok pbrb `os bt`bktdstbs. Bjärdlb inan su `umbr b `b lbanzb in Olldinktn prnldsbjnktn b ios munrrbs jukidb`ns qun insbkmrbrok b Nuropb y inad`dtbrok nspnldb`jnktn b B`njbkdb y Qusdb Qu sdb (prdkldpb`ns rdvb`ns in` bt`bktdsjo). Ns oavdo qun tb` "loriük sbkdtbrdo" tbjadäk surmdrâ bcorb, lrnbio b pbrtdr in pnqunòos puna`os y nstbios bjbrmbios, cdstürdlbjnktn drrnspoksba`ns, lok prntnksdokns jbkêblbs y inpnkinkldb snrvd` in` Olldinktn tb`bsolrâtdlo. Nstbjos cba`bkio in` surmdjdnkto in ukb frbkeb mnopo`êtdlb nktrn n` Aâ`tdlo y n` Jbr Knmro, qun loksdstn nk nstbios qun ko punink dkmrnsbr b Nuropb lojo uk lojpoknktn in p`nko inrnlco, pnro qun sn rnpn`nk funrtnjnktn nktrn sê insin Joslõ y Nurbsdb. @os lbkidibtos b jdnjaros in` kunvo "loriük sbkdtbrdo" sok `os puna`os aâ`tdlos (`dtubkos, `ntokns, nstokdos), Wo`okdb (dkl`udib Wrusdb Olldinktb`), Adn`orrusdb (nstb dinb ns projovdib por `b jdkorêb lbtü`dlb bktdnurbsdâtdlb), ^lrbkdb (nspnldb`jnktn n` ^kdbto Olldinktb` -lbtü`dlb), Cukm Cu kmrê rêb, b, Qu Qujb jbkê kêbb (t (tbj bjad adäk äk ab abeo eo `b dk dkf`f`un unkl kldb db in `o `oss uk ukdb dbto tos) s),, `b Qn Qnpõa põa`d`dlb lb Lc Lcnl nlbb y Ns`ovbqudb. B` jdsjo tdnjpo, ns l`bro qun nk lbsd toibs pbrtns nstbjos cba`bkio in` snltor lbtü`dlo in Nuropb in` Nstn, qun trbidldokb`jnktn pnrtnknlêb b `b zokb in dkf`unkldb in Olldinktn. B` jdsjo tdnjpo, nstbjos trbtbkio lok `os jdsjos pbêsns qun cbk bltubio jâs in ukb vnz nk `b cdstordb mnopo`êtdlb lojo pb`bklbs pbrb `b instrulldük in `bs forjbldokns loktdknktb`ns in` Djpnrdo Quso, n` Djpnrdo Bustrocõkmbro y rnldnktnjnktn `b ^Q\\. @b tbrnb in Nurbsdb ns qun nsn loriük ko nxdstb. Nsto rniukib nk dktnräs tbkto in Nuropb lojo in trbidl Qusdb. Nstbs forjbldokns nk sêdokb`j jdsjbs, loksdinrbjos dks dkso`v o`vnkt nktns, ns, lok loktrb idltor tordbs dbs ätk ätkdlb dlb y lok lokfns fnsdok b`jnkt nktn, n,sd `bs suains sua insbrr brro`` o``bib bibss nstbtb`ns, nstrbt nst rbtämd ämdlb lbsoky nloküjdlbjnktn, prdvbibs in rnlursos. Nk otrbs pb`barbs, nstos nstbios fdltdldos so`o tdnknk snktdio lojo zokbs nstrbtämdlbs sustnktbibs brtdfdldb`jnktn por n` bt`bktdsjo. Nk toibs pbrtns cby fbltorns qun `os uknk b Nurbsdb (yb snb `b ortoioxdb, o `b lokldnkldb in` pbrnktnslo ns`bvo, o `b prnsnkldb in ukb poa`bldük rusb, o `b proxdjdibi cdstürdlb, o vbrdos lojpoknktns b `b vnz, ntl.), pnro tbjadäk cby fbltorns opunstos qun `os blnrlbk. jâs lnrlbko b Olldinktn (lbto`dldsjo, ukdbtdsjo, b`tnrdibi ätkdlb, trbidldokns po`êtdlbs in soanrbkêb, ntl.). Nk tbkto nstbs forjbldokns snbk b`mo dktnmrb`, ko punink prnfnrdr kdkmukb in `bs ios ordnktbldokns, y por nso sn lokvdnrtnk nk n` p`nko snktdio in `b pb`barb "loriük sbkdtbrdo". @b dktnmrbldük lok Ordnktn sn vn oastblu`dzbib por b`mukos n`njnktos, `b dktnmrbldük lok Olldinktn por otros. In bcê `b lokstbktn dknstbad`dibi dktnrkb y nxtnrkb qun provolbk nstos pbêsns, qun `n cbln n`  eunmo b `b tb`bsolrbldb y ns uk oastâlu`o lokstbktn nk n` lbjdko in `b mnopo`êtdlb nurobsdâtdlb nurobsdâtdlb y in` a`oqun loktdknktb`. @b õkdlbnstbtb`ns forjb inabsbib n`djdkbrnkn`fbltorns "loriük purbjnktn sbkdtbrdo" nsmnopo`êtdlos. ukb rnidstrdauldük in quä `os knop`bsjbs Nsto kolojp`ntb tdnkn por sdmkdfdlbr butojâtdlbjnktn `b bknxdük in tnrrdtordos b otros nstbios. Woinjos cba`br in `b lrnbldük in fninrbldokns o in vbrdos nstbios nk `umbr in `os nstbios, luyb ordnktbldük mnopo`êtdlb, sdk njabrmo, snrâ dknquêvolb. \nrâ jâs fâld` pbrb pnqunòbs nktdibins ukdibs ätkdlb, lu`turb` y lokfnsdokb`jnktn dktnmrbrsn nk mrbkins a`oquns mnopo`êtdlos, y nk prnsnkldb in funrtns rn`bldokns b`dbibs nktrn Qusdb y Nuropb, `bs kunvbs froktnrbs ko sdmkdfdlbrâk uk vnribinro ujarb`, ukb rupturb. Binjâs, so`o `b busnkldb in uk ‐loriük sbkdtbrdo‚ punin korjb`dzbr nstbs rn`bldokns pbknurobsdâtdlbs, lokvnrtdr n` nspbldo in ‐Iua`êk b V`bidvostoh‚ nk ukb zokb in loopnrbldük, loopnrbldük y bsoldbldük nstrbtämdlb nurobsdâtdlb. >.< Fninrbldük Aâ`tdlb Loksdinrnjos lok jâs intb``n toio n` ldkturük olldinktb` biyblnktn b Qusdb. Yoio n` nspb ns pbld ldoo ns nstâ tâ id idvd vdid idio io nk vb vbrd rdos os sn snlt ltor orns ns.. B` ko kort rtnn in to toio io sn nk nklu lunk nktr trbb n` ld ldkt kturü urükk nslbkidkbvo, qun sn nxtdnkin insin Korunmb cbstb Fdk`bkidb. Lok rnspnlto b Fdk`bkidb, loksdinrbjos n` proynlto mnopo`êtdlo mnknrb` nk n` lbpêtu`o inidlbio b` Kortn. Bquê nstbjos

cba`bkio cba`bk io in `b lrn lrnbld bldük ük in ukb nkt nktdib dibii ntk ntkotn otnrrd rrdtor tordb` db` lb lbrn` rn`dbdb-fdk fdk`bk `bkins insbb lok jâx jâxdjb djb butokojêb lu`turb`, pnro dktnmrbldük nstrbtämdlb nk n` a`oqun nurobsdâtdlo. Korunmb y \unldb,

 

bsê lojo `bs rnpõa`dlbs aâ`tdlbs, pnrtnknlnk b uk loktnxto mnopo`êtdlo idfnrnktn, jâs bjp`do qun n` proa`njb lbrn`do-fdk`bkiäs.  Bquê kos nkfrnktbjos b` tnjb jâs mnknrb` in `b mnopo`êtdlb in `os pbêsns aâ`tdlos y nslbkidkbvos. @b forjb jâs lokvnkdnktn nk nstn lbso snrêb snmudr b` mnopo`êtdlo sunlo Quio`f  Hen``nk (qudnk dkvnktü n` tärjdko "mnopo`êtdlb") y loksdinrbr toib `b rnmdük in` Aâ`tdlo lojo ukb nxtnksdük kortn in Nuropb Lnktrb`, nstrulturbib b`rninior in B`njbkdb. Hen``nk lrnêb qun `b mnopo`êtdlb nslbkidkbvb ko poiêb tnknr otro insbrro``o qun ukb ukdfdlbldük nstrbtämdlb lok  B`njbkdb absbib nk n`njnktos lojukns ätkdlos, lu`turb`ns y mnomrâfdlos. Wnro n` n`njnkto loknltor in toib `b nstrulturb inanrêb snr Wrusdb, n` nstbio b`njâk lok n` prniojdkdo in `b lokfnsdük protnstbktn, lojõk b `os nslbkidkbvos. N` a`oqun protnstbktn-nslbkidkbvo inanrêb snr `b nxtnksdük kortn in Wrusdb, Anr`êk. Wor `o tbkto, toio nstn nspbldo, cbadnkio lojnkzbio b rnb`dzbrsn lojo uk toio õkdlo, ko punin prnsldkidr in `b rnstburbldük mnopo`êtdlb in `b ukdibi prusdbkb. Wor n` jojnkto, Wrusdb ko nxdstn, sus tdnrrbs nstâk rnpbrtdibs nktrn  B`njbkdb, Wo`okdb y Qusdb. Nk loksnlunkldb, fb`tb n` rnqudsdto prnvdo jâs djportbktn pbrb `b lrnbldük in ukb Fninrbldük Aâ`tdlb "knutrb`" po`êtdlbjnktn y bjdmb in Joslõ. In bcê `b djposdad`dibi prâltdlb in ormbkdzbr nstb rnmdük in blunrio lok `os prdkldpdos nurobsdâtdlos.  B kdvn` purbjnktn tnürdlo, n` proa`njb proa`njb sn rnsun`vn nk ios ntbpbs5 ntbpbs5 2) \n nstâ rnlrnbkio uk kunvo nspbldo ntko-lokfnsdokb` inktro in `os `êjdtns in `b Wrusdb cdstürdlb. @os dkdldbiorns sok Joslõ y Anr`êk. In bquê sn insprnkin `b `nb`tbi inpbrtn `b fdmurb bxdb` kojarbib cbldb biqudrdibs Qusdb, qun iurbktn ibrâ vdib`bb\nmukib nstb forjbldük, lnidnkio in `bs tdnrrbs prusdbkbs Munrrb Jukidb` (rnmdük in Hb`dkdkmrbio). 1) B`rninior in Wrusdb, lojdnkzb n` prolnso in ukdfdlbldük nstrbtämdlb in `os nstbios nstbi os aâ`tdl aâ`tdlos os nk uk so`o a`oqun. N` a`oqu a`oqunn dkl`uy dkl`uynn Koru Korunmb, nmb, \unldb, B`njbkdb, B`njbkdb, Nstokd Nst okdb, b, Fdk Fdk`bk `bkidb idb-Lb -Lbrn` rn`db, db, Idk Idkbjb bjbrlb rlb y po posda sda`nj `njnkt nktnn Co`b Co`bkib kib.. \n in` in`nmb nmb uk nstbtus nspnldb` b Wo`okdb, @dtubkdb y @ntokdb. ^kb lokidldük oa`dmbtordb ns `b rntdrbib in toios `os pbêsns in `b OYBK y `b lrnbldük in ukb zokb insjd`dtbrdzbib nk n` Aâ`tdlo. Nk n` futuro, n` loktro` nstrbtämdlo pbsbrâ b Joslõ y `bs Funrzbs  Brjbibs in `b Nuropb Nuropb "knutrb`", ns inldr, b` lojp`neo in infnksb infnksb in Nurbsdb. N` õkdlo n`njnkto iäad` in nstn sdstnjb ns Wo`okdb y @dtubkdb, iokin `b inkojdkbldük prniojdkbktn ns n` lbto`dldsjo. Nstbs tdnrrbs funrok `b prdkldpb` pb`bklb in `b mnopo`êtdlb tb`bsolrâtdlb idrdmdib loktrb Nurbsdb y `b posdad`dibi in lrnbr uk a`oqun loktdknktb`. Binjâs, nk `b cdstordb cby uk prnlninktn in ukb dkinpnkinkldb po`êtdlb sdmkdfdlbtdvb in` prdkldpbio po`blo po` blo-`d -`dtub tubko, ko, y b`m b`muko ukoss cds cdstor tordbi dbiorn ornss (nk pbr pbrtdl tdlu`b u`br, r, \pn \pnkm` km`nr) nr) dkl dkl`us `usoo cba cba`bk `bk in `b nxdstnkldb in ukb ‐ldvd`dzbldük aâ`tdlb‚ nspnldb`, mnomrâfdlbjnktn lodkldinktn, nk tärjdkos mnknrb mnk nrb`ns `ns,, lok `bs fro froktn ktnrbs rbs cds cdstür türdlb dlbss in Wo` Wo`okd okdbb y @d @dtub tubkdb kdb.. \o` \o`oo ldn ldnrtb rtbss lok lokidl idldok dokns ns cdstürdlbs ko pnrjdtdnrok qun nstb ldvd`dzbldük sn insbrro``brb por lojp`nto y `b cdldnrok "baortdvb" (tärjdko in \pnkm`nr). Cby qun bijdtdr qun nstn proa`njb ko tdnkn nk baso`uto ukb so`uldük posdtdvb, yb qun sn forju`b in `b sdmudnktn jbknrb5 o adnk n` nspbldo po`blo`dtubko nxdstdrâ lojo ukb rnb`dibi mnopo`êtdlb dkinpnkidnktn (y `unmo sn lokvnrtdrâ nk uk oastâlu`o dksupnrba`n pbrb `b po`êtdlb pro-nurbsdâtdlb). ukdibi aâ`tdlb lok n` nen nk Wrusdb), o sus frbmjnktos sn dktnmrbrâk nk otros a`oquns mnopo`êtdlos, jdnktrbs qun ä` jdsjo snrâ insjnjarbio y bp`bstbio in rbêz. Lub`qudnr dktnmrbldük soarn ukb absn lbtü`dlb nk nstb rnmdük lrnbrâ tnksdük tbkto nk rn`bldük lok n` Nstn (Joslõ), lojo nk rn`bldük lok n` Kortn (juki (j ukioo pr prot otns nstb tbkt ktnn in Ns Nslb lbki kidk dkbv bvdb db), ), y nk rn rn`b `bld ldük ük lo lokk n` On Onst stnn (B (B`n `njb jbkd kdb) b).. Nk loksnlunkldb, nk Wo`okdb y @dtubkdb, n` prdkldpb` soldo mnopo`êtdlo in Nurbsdb inanrêbk snr `bs funrzbs qun dksdstnk nk `b ordnktbldük ko lbtü`dlb in `bs po`êtdlbs in nstos pbêsns, pbrtdibrdos in `b "soldb`injolrbldb" snlu`br, "knopbmbkos", "ntkolnktrdstbs", protnstbktns, ortoioxos.

lêrlu`os rn`dmdosos, jdkorêbs ätkdlbs. Binjâs, `bs tnksdokns ätkdlbs nk `bs rn`bldokns po`blo

 

`dtubkbs sok uk n`njnkto nxtrnjbibjnktn vb`doso qun inan nxp`otbrsn y, sd ns posda`n, nxblnrabrsn. \d n` rnstba`nldjdnkto in Wrusdb rnso`vnrêb, nk su jbyor pbrtn, `os proa`njbs lok Wo`okdb, qun nk tb` sdtubldük so`o tnkirêb uk lbjdko cbldb n` sur (yb qun `b rnmdük in` Aâ`tdlo nstb ns tbrê rêbb ab abeo eo lo lokt ktro ro`` mn mnrj rjbk bko-r o-rus uso) o),, nk nkto tokl klns ns lo lokk @d @dtu tubk bkdb db `b sd sdtu tubl bldü dükk ns bõ bõkk jâ jâss lojp`dlbib, yb qun ns n` frbmjnkto jâs snptnktrdokb` in` jukio lbtü`dlo, tdnkn ukb `brmb lostb nk n` Aâ`tdlo y snpbrb n` nspbldo ruso in` nxtrnjo kortn in Nuropb Lnktrb`, ko pnrtnknldnkio b kdkmuko in `os ios jukios. Nvdinktnjnktn, `os mnopo`êtdlos bt`bktdstbs ko inebrâk in bprovnlcbr nstb ldrlukstbkldb n dktnktbrâk cblnr in @dtubkdb `b lbusb in idsloridb y n` prdkldpb` oastâlu`o pbrb `b rnormbkdzbldük in Nuropb. @bs loksnlunkldbs knmbtdvbs in `b uadlbl uad lbldük dük mno mnopo` po`êtd êtdlb lb in @dt @dtubkd ubkdbb pbr pbrbb n` pro proynl ynlto to nur nurobs obsdât dâtdlo dlo so` so`oo pun punink ink `dj `djdtb dtbrsn rsn pbrldb`jnktn fortb`nldnkio `b ukdibi nstrbtämdlb in toib nstb ârnb y nsforzâkiosn por lnrrbr`b insin n` koronstn b trbväs in` nk`bln sunlo-ibkäs. >.9 @os ns`bvos lbtü`dlos nktrbk nk Nuropb Lnktrb` Inslnkidnkio jâs b` sur, nktrbjos nk `b rnmdük ns`bvo-lbtü`dlb o ukdbtb, qun sn nxtdnkin insin Wo`okdb b trbväs in` onstn in Adn`orrusdb y n` onstn in ^lrbkdb, Vo`dkdb, Mb`dldb, Ns`ovbqudb y `b Qnpõa`dlb Lcnlb cbstb Lrobldb y Ns`ovnkdb nk `b pnkêksu`b in `os Ab`lbkns olldinktb`ns. Mnopo`êtdlbjnktn biyblnktns b nstn nspbldo sn nklunktrbk Cukmrêb, Bustrdb y Abvdnrb, poa`bibs rnspnltdvbjnktn por lbtü`dlos cõkmbros y b`njbkns. @b Dm`nsdb ukdbtb tbjadäk nxdstn nk y`brbldb` Qujbkêb ortoioxb. Nstnsnnspbldo prniojdkbktnjnktn pnsbr iny su bfdkdibi ätkdlb lok Qusdb, kuklb cb dinktdfdlbio lok n` nstbions`bvo, ns`bvo bordnktb`, jnkos bõk lok n` djpnrdo nurobsdâtdlo in Joslõ. N` pbrnktnslo ätkdlo nk nstn lbso ko ns ukb uk b absn sufdldnktn pbrb `b dktnmrbldük mnopo`êtdlb. @b bjadmðnibi in nstn fbltor cdstürdlbjnktn ido `umbr b lokf`dltos y munrrbs nktrn Qusdb y B`njbkdb (jâs bjp`db qun Nuropb), n djpdidü `b ormbkdzbldük ormâkdlb y loksdstnktn in` lokeukto mnopo`êtdlo in Nuropb Lnktrb`. @os puna`os lbtü`dlos lu`turb`jnktn ns`bvos tojbrok forjb nk n` Djpnrdo bustrocõkmbro, y `bs frdlldokns ätkdlbs lok ä`, qun ``nvbrok b su lo`bpso, surmdnrok so`o lubkio `b propdb  Vdnkb pnridü `b dinb in su jdsdük mnopo`êtdlb djpnrdb` suprbkbldokb` y sn dinktdfdlü lbib vnz jâs lok `o ätkdlo. mnrjbkdsjo". @bs õkdlbs nxlnpldokns sok Aocnjdb, Jorbvdb y Aoskdb, iokin `os ns`bvos funrok dkdldb`jnktn loksldnktns in su idfnrnkldb nspdrdtub` lok rnspnlto b` ordmnk mnrjbko-lbtü`dlo, qun sn nxprnsü nk `bs munrrbs cusdtbs, fnrjnktbldokns in rnforjb y nstb``dios in snltbrdsjo (nk n` lbso in `os aomojd`ns snraoaoskdos).). Insin uk pukto in vdstb mnopo`êtdlo, toios nstos puna`os pnrtnknlnk b Nuropb Lnktrb` y inanrêbk nstrulturbrsn nk torko Lnktro Nuropno Lnktrb`, qunlokvnrtdrsn kbturb`jnktn ns B`njbkdb. idrnlto in Joslõ nkb`nstbs rnmdokns kuklb punin nk ukb prdordibi, N` yb djpblto qun `b proxdjdibi ätkdlb so`o nkfbtdzb `bs idfnrnkldbs lu`turb`-cdstürdlbs, nspdrdtub`ns-lokfnsdokb`ns. \oarn `b absn in nstbs loksdinrbldokns, Qusdb inan lninr n` loktro` idrnlto soarn `os pbêsns in Nuropb in` Nstn, ineâkio`os nk jbkos in B`njbkdb. B` jdsjo tdnjpo, Joslõ ko inanrêb nspnrbr pbsdvbjnktn b qun nsto sulnib por sê so`o, sdko projovnr bltdvbjnktn prolns pro lnsos os orm ormâkd âkdlos los nk nst nstbb ârn ârnbb pbr pbrbb lok lokvnr vnrtdr tdrsn, sn, euk eukto to lok Anr Anr`êk `êk,, nk n` dkd dkdldb ldbior ior n djp`nj djp `njnkt nktbio biorr in toi toioo n` pro prolns lnso, o, biq biqudr udrdnk dnkio io bsê ukb pb pbrtd rtdldp ldpbld bldük ük mno mnopo` po`êtd êtdlb lb nk rnso`vdnkio toios `os proa`njbs in`dlbios. B` jdsjo tdnjpo, snrâ knlnsbrdo rnkukldbr b` iojdkdo soarn ldnrtbs rnmdokns in` onstn in ^lrbkdb, Mb`dldb y Yrbkslbrpbldb, inksbjnktn poa`bibs por ukdbtbs y lbtü`dlos. @o jdsjo sn bp`dlb b b`mukbs rnmdokns in Adn`orrusdb. Qnlcbzbkio n` iojdkdo po`êtdlo idrnlto soarn ldnrtos tnrrdtordos, b lbjado Joslõ inanrêb rnldadr n` inrnlco b ukb prnsnkldb nstrbtämdlb nk `bs froktnrbs jâs olldinktb`ns in toib `b rnmdük in Nuropb Lnktrb`. Nstb ns `b nsnkldb in toib `b rnormbkdzbldük in Nuropb in` Nstn. Joslõ inanrêb blnptbr ardkibr b toio n` nspbldo lbtü`dlo-ns`bvo `b oportukdibi in dktnmrbrsn

nk Nuropb Lnktrb` abeo n` `dinrbzmo in Anr`êk, ns inldr, lnrrbr nstb zokb snmõk n` prdkldpdo in Kortn \ur. \o`o ns djportbktn n`djdkbr b @dtubkdb in nstn lokeukto (por `bs rbzokns qun yb

 

cnjos jnkldokbio, in joio qun toib `b nstrulturb in Nuropb Lnktrb` inan snr pbtroldkbib nstrdltbjnktn por ios `bios (Qusdb y B`njbkdb)), lok `b nxl`usdük lojp`ntb in Olldinktn in `b tb`bsolrbldb., yb qun in `o loktrbrdo toio nstn ldkturük biqudrdrâ n` sdmkdfdlbio opunsto, lokvdrtdäkiosn nk uk "loriük sbkdtbrdo" (bukqun sn lrnb prnldsbjnktn pbrb nvdtbr `b bpbrdldük in tb` "loriük"). >.> ^kdfdlbldük in Adn`orrusdb y Mrbk Qusdb Nk n` jbpb, qun tdnkn nk lunktb `b nstrulturb lokfnsdokb` in Nuropb in` Nstn, sn vn l`brbjnktn lüjo, b jnidib qun sn bvbkzb cbldb n` sur, `b poa`bldük ortoioxb sn insp`bzb lbib vnz jâs cbldb n` onstn, insp`bzbkio b `b poa`bldük lbtü`dlb. B`mukbs tdnrrbs snradbs ``nmbk b `b lostb in` Birdâtdlo y, binjâs, cby uk ldnrto porlnktben in ortoioxos nktrn `os b`abknsns (n` fukibior in `b B`abkdb dkinpnkidnktn fun n` sblnriotn ortoioxo Fbk Ko`d). Nstos tnrrdtordos, qun dkl`uynk b Adn`orrusdb, `b pbrtn lnktrb` in ^lrbkdb, Jo`ibvdb, Qujbkê Quj bkêb, b, \nr \nradb adb y Au` Au`mbr mbrdb, db, tdn tdnknk knk ukb ioa ioa`n `n kbt kbturb urb`nz `nzbb mno mnopo` po`êtd êtdlb, lb, mno mnomrâ mrâfdl fdlbjn bjnktn ktn pnrtnknlnk b` snltor sur in Nuropb Lnktrb` y lu`turb` y lokfnsdokb`jnktn b Qusdb-Nurbsdb. @b dinktdibi nspdrdtub` in nstos puna`os sn forjü b pbrtdr in `b oposdldük b` ds`bj nk n` sur y b` lbto`dldsjo nk n` onstn, su dinb kbldokb` nstâ dkidso`ua`njnktn `dmbib b `b ortoioxdb. Nk tb` sdtubldük, Joslõ ko punin in`nmbr lojp`ntbjnktn n` loktro` mnopo`êtdlo soarn `b rnmdük b  B`njbkdb, kd inl`brbr su dkf`unkldb po`êtdlb idrnltb soarn nstos pbêsns. Binjâs, ko toio vb adnk nk `bs rn`bldokns ruso-jo`ibvbs y ruso-rujbkbs (por ko cba`br in ^lrbkdb). Qusdb tdnkn `os loktbltos cdstürdlos jâs nstrnlcos lok \nradb, ns djposda`n soarn n``os `bs tâltdlbs in dktnmrbldük in toib `b rnmdük, yb qunpnro \nradb tbjadäk lokstrudr tdnkn trbidldokb`jnktn rn`bldokns abstbktn tnksbs lok sus vnldkos ortoioxos. Binjâs, luardjos n` pbkorbjb mnknrb` in `b nstrbtnmdb mnopo`êtdlb in Qusdb nk `os Ab`lbkns nk n` lbpêtu`o soarn n` \ur. Bquê, uko inanrêb loksdinrbr jâs nspnlêfdlbjnktn `os tnrrdtordos olupbios por Adn`orrusdb, ^lrbkdb y Qujbkdb (lok Jo`ibvdb). Lok rnspnlto b Adn`orrusdb, n` pbkorbjb mnopo`êtdlo ns abstbktn l`bro. Lok `b nxlnpldük in ukb pnqunòb pbrtn in `os adn`orrusos po`okdzbios (lbtü`dlos y ukdbtbs, bsê lojo po`blos), `b mrbk jbyorêb in `b poa`bldük pnrtnknln l`brbjnktn b` nspbldo ruso y inan snr loksdinrbib lojo uk suento in `b ntkdb nurobsdâtdlb lnktrb`, ns inldr. lojo "rusos" nk `os snktdios lu`turb`, rn`dmdoso, ätkdlo y mnopo`êtdlo. @b nspnldfdldibi in` didojb, b`mukbs lbrbltnrêstdlbs ätkdlbs y lu`turb`ns ko lbjadbk n` pbkorbjb mnknrb`. Wor `o tbkto, Joslõ inan dktnmrbrsn lok Adn`orrusdb in `b jbknrb jâs lnrlbkb posda`n, sdk o`vdibr qun `b projoldük in `b dinktdibi lu`turb` y `dkmðêstdlb in `os adn`orrusos ns uk jojnkto posdtdvo djportbktn nk toio n` sdstnjb in dktnmrbldük Nk nstrdltbjnktn rn`bldük lok `bslojo ntkdbsnkpnrtnknldnktns b ukpuna`os jdsjofroktnrdzos Nstbio, nstno prdkldpdo inan nurobsdâtdlo. oasnrvbrsn tbk rn`bldük lok `os vnldkos. N` õkdlo pbso io`oroso qun cby qun ibr nk Adn`orrusdb pbrb nvdtbr tnkinkldbs lnktrêfumbs y suavnrsdvbs ns `b bsdmkbldük b ukb lbtnmorêb bijdkdstrbtdvb nspnldb` in ldnrtbs ârnbs ârn bs ink inksbj sbjnkt nktnn poa poa`bi `bibs bs por lbt lbtü`d ü`dlos los y ukd ukdbtb btbs, s, cbs cbstb tb oto otormb rmbr`n r`nss ukb but butokoj okojêb êb sdmkdfdlbtdvb, sufdldnktn pbrb nktrbr nk n` nspbldo lnktronuropno. N` insno in jbktnknr b Adn`orrusdb nktnrbjnktn abeo n` loktro` idrnlto y nstrdlto in Joslõ b toib lostb ``nvbrâ b qun, tbkt tb ktoo po porr sê jd jdsj sjbb lo lojo jo po porr pb pbrt rtnn in su suss vn vnld ldko koss ol olld ldin inkt ktb` b`ns ns,, Qu Qusd sdbb tn tnkm kmbb ar arbs bsbs bs nklnkidibs in uk potnkldb` lokf`dlto mnopo`êtdlo, qun nk nstn lbso (b idfnrnkldb, por nenjp`o, in @dtubkdb) punin rnso`vnrsn nk dktnräs in toibs `bs pbrtns dktnrnsbibs. Adn`orrusdb inan snr loksdinrbib lojo pbrtn in Qusdb, y por tbkto `b dktnmrbldük lok n``b inan rnb`dzbrsn b `o `brmo in` nen Onstn-Nstn, qun ns ukb prdordibi nk toios `os lbsos in ormbkdzbldük dktnrkb in uk nspbldo ätkdlbjnktn cojomäkno. @b froktnrb olldinktb` rnb` in Qusdb inanrêb nstbr julco jâs b` onstn, por `o tbkto, nk ukb djbmnk mnopo`êtdlb lojp`ntb, ns jâs proaba`n qun `bs tdnrrbs adn`orrusbs pnrtnknzlbk b `b rnmdük lnktrb` qun b `bs bfunrbs

olldinktb`ns. >.6 Inslojposdldük mnopo`êtdlb in ^lrbkdb

 

N` tnjb in ^lrbkdb ns jâs lojp`neo, bukqun n` join`o in lojposdldük mnopo`êtdlb in nstnn nst nst nstbio bio ns juy sdjd`br. sdjd`br. Bquê, sdk nja njabrm brmo, o, eun eunmb mb uk pbp pbpn` n` djp djport ortbkt bktnn `b nsl nslb`b b`b mnopo`êtdlb in ^lrbkdb, qun ns ukb nktdibi tnrrdtordb` mdmbktnslb, qun supnrb nk vo`ujnk b julcbs in `bs prdkldpb`ns potnkldbs nuropnbs. N` snpbrbtdsjo y `bs tnkinkldbs in soanrbkêb po`êtdlb sok dklojpbrba`njnktn jâs bltdvbs nk ^lrbkdb. ^lrbkdb lojo nstbio ko tdnknk sdmkdfdlbio mnopo`êtdlo. Ko tdnkn uk jnksben lu`turb` nspnldb` in sdmkdfdlbio ukdvnrsb`, kd sdkmu`brdibi mnomrâfdlb, kd nxl`usdvdibi ätkdlb. N` sdmkdfdlbio in ^lrbkdb sn in rnf`neb nk su propdo kojarn "^lrbkdb", ns inldr, "pnrdfnrdbs", "tnrrdtordoscdstürdlo froktnrdzos". Nk `b nrb Hdnvbk Qus, `os tnrrdtordos in `b bltub` ^lrbkdb nrbk n` lnktro in` nstbio in `os ns`bvos ordnktb`ns, pbrbb qud pbr qudnkn nknss nk nsn jojnkto jojnkto V`b V`bidj idjdr dr (jâ (jâss tbr tbrin in Jos Joslõ) lõ) nrbk `bs bfunrbs bfunrbs in` nstn ("^lrbkdb"), y Kovmoroi nrb n` kortn. ukb. Wnro b jnidib qun Qusdb pbsü in snr uk nstbio ns`bvo b uk djpnrdo nurobsdâtdlo, `bs fukldokns mnopo`êtdlbs in `os lnktros jâs mrbkins lbjadbrok rbidlb`jnktn in sdmkdfdlbio. Joslõ sn lokvdrtdü nk `b lbpdtb` in` djpnrdo y Hdnv sn lokvdr lok vdrtdü tdü nk uk lnk lnktro tro snl snluki ukibrd brdoo iok iokin in lok lokvnr vnrmdn mdnrok rok `b `bss dkf dkf`un `unkld kldbs bs nur nurob obsdâ sdâtdl tdlbs bs y lnktronuropnbs. Ko sn trbtbab in kdkmukb sêktnsds in lu`turbs. @o jâs proaba`n ns qun `bs lbpbs ortoioxbs purbjnktn rusbs jâs brlbdlbs nstuvdnrbk suentbs b `b dkf`unkldb idkâjdlb jâs "joinrkb" in Nuropb olldinktb`, nspnldb`jnktn b trbväs in Wo`okdb nk n` onstn y  Bustrdb-Cukmrêb nk n` suronstn. \dk iuib, `b lu`turb y n` didojb ulrbkdbkos sok pnlu`dbrns y õkdlos, pnro nstâk prdvbios in lub`qudnr sdmkdfdlbio ukdvnrsb`. @os bsnktbjdnktos losblos, qun forjbrok, nk mrbk jnidib, `b ntkdb ulrbkdbkb, sn idstdkmudnrok por `b dkinpnkinkldb, ukb nstrulturb ätdlb, nloküjdlb y soldb` nspnldb`. Wnro toios nstos n`njnktos ko sok sufdldnktns pbrb `b dkinpnkinkldb mnopo`êtdlb, y n` jbpb potâjdlo in ^lrbkdb, iokin `os rêos prdkldpb`ns (Ikdästnr, Ikdnpnr, ntl.) f`uynk pbrb`n`os nktrn sê, nxp`dlb n` `nkto insbrro``o in` nstbio ulrbkdbko. Wor nstb rbzük, `b nxdstnkldb dkinpnkidnktn in ^lrbkdb (nspnldb`jnktn inktro in sus froktnrbs joinrkbs) so`o punin tnknr snktdio lojo uk "loriük sbkdtbrdo", yb qun `os n`njnktos qun sok opunstos nk `b ordnktbldük mnopo`êtdlb ko pnrjdtdrâk qun nstn pbês sn ukb lojp`ntbjnktn b` a`oqun ordnktb` u olldinktb`. ns inldr, kd b Qusdb-Nurbsdb, kd b Nuropb Lnktrb`. Yoio nsto lokinkb b ^lrbkdb b ukb nxdstnkldb têtnrn y b` snrvdldo mnopo`êtdlo in `b nstrbtnmdb tb`bsolrâtdlb nk Nuropb. Nk nstn snktdio, n` pbpn` in ^lrbkdb ns sdjd`br b` in `bs rnpõa`dlbs aâ`tdlbs. \oarn nstb absn, nk uk jojnkto sn idslutdü snrdbjnktn n` proynlto in lrnbr ukb "fninrbldük Jbr Knmro-Aâ`tdlo", ns inldr. uk têpdlo "loriük sbkdtbrdo" in ukb forjbldük mnopo`êtdlb suavnrsdvb qun sdrvn pbrb provolbr dknstbad`dibi nk Nuropb in` Nstn y prnpbrbr `bs lokidldokns prnvdbs pbrb toib ukb snrdn in lokf`dltos brjbios. @b nxdstnkldb in ^lrbkdb inktro in `bs froktnrbs bltub`ns y lok n` nstbtus bltub` in uk "nstbio soanrbko" ns diäktdlb b ibr uk mo`pn jokstruoso b `b snmurdibi mnopo`êtdlb in Qusdb, nqudvb`nktn b ukb dkvbsdük in su tnrrdtordo. @b nxdstnkldb futurb in ukb ^lrbkdb ukdtbrdb ns dkblnptba`n. Nstn tnrrdtordo inan idvdidrsn nk vbrdbs zokbs lorrnspokidnktns b `b mbjb in rnb`dibins mnopo`êtdlbs y ntkolu`turb`ns. 2) N` nstn in ^lrbkdb (toio `o qun sn nklunktrb b` nstn in` Ikdnpnr insin Lcnrkdmov cbstb n` Jbr in Bzov) ns uk tnrrdtordo inksbjnktn poa`bio lok prniojdkdo in` mrupo ätkdlo mrbk ruso y `b poa`bldük ortoioxb rusb pnqunòb. Yoio nstn tnrrdtordo nstâ ldnrtbjnktn lnrlb in Qusdb, loknltbio lok n``b lu`turb`, cdstürdlb, ätkdlb y rn`dmdosbjnktn. Nstb rnmdük adnk insb in sbrr rro` o``b `bib ib y tä tälk lkdl dlbj bjnk nktn tn bv bvbk bkzb zbib ib ad adnk nk pu puni ninn lo loks kstdtdtu tudr dr ukb rn rnmd mdük ük mn mnop opo` o`êtêtdl dlbb dkinpnkidnktn, lok bjp`db butokojêb, pnro nk ukb b`dbkzb dklokidldokb` y jâs funrtn lok Joslõ. Bquê, ns prnfnrda`n `b dktnmrbldük jnrdidokb`, `b loknxdük in `b rnmdük in Hcbrhov lok `os tnrrdtordos rusos propdos jâs snptnktrdokb`ns (rnmdokns in An`moroi, Hursh y Arybksh) y `b nxpbksdük in `b nstrulturb cbldb n` sur.

1) Lrdjnb ns ukb nktdibi mnopo`êtdlb nspnldb`, trbidldokb`jnktn lbrbltnrdzbib por uk josbdlo ätkdlo. @os pnqunòos rusos, `os mrbkins rusos y `os târtbros in Lrdjnb nstâk

 

bsnktbios nk Lrdjnb nk ukb lokfdmurbldük juy lojp`neb y rnprnsnktbk trns djpu`sos mnopo`êtdlos abstbktn costd`ns nktrn sê. @os mrbkins rusos sok nkfâtdlbjnktn pro-Joslõ (jâs bmrnsdvbjnktn qun nk n` rnsto in ^lrbkdb, dkl`uso nk n` Nstn). @os pnqunòos rusos, por n` loktrb lok trbrdo rdo,, sok nxt nxtrnj rnjbib bibjnk jnktn tn kbl kbldok dokb`d b`dstb stbs. s. @os târ târtbr tbros os in Lrd Lrdjnb jnb mnk mnknrb nrb`jn `jnktn ktn sn ordnktbk jâs cbldb Yurquêb y sok abstbktn costd`ns cbldb Qusdb. Ko sn punin tnknr nk lunktb `b ordnktbldük mnopo`êtdlb in `os târtbros in Lrdjnb, yb qun Yurquêb ns nk toios `os bspnltos uk opoknktn ink Qusdb. `b inldük `os târt tâ rtbr bros os nk mnopo`êtdlo Lrdj Lr djnb nb.. @bidrnlto bknx bk nxdü dük idrn id rnlt ltbbWnro intbjpolo Lrdj Lr djnb nb snb punin Qusd Qu sdbb dmkorbr prov pr ovol olbr brââprnsnkldb ukbb rn uk rnbl blld ük nxtrnjbibjnktn knmbtdvb in `b poa`bldük in `b Wnqunòb Qusdb y lrnbrâ proa`njbs pbrb `b dktnmrbldük in nstb pnkêksu`b nk n` sdstnjb ruso b trbväs in tnrrdtordos ulrbkdbkos, `o qun nk mnknrb` ns polo rnb`dstb. Inebr Lrdjnb b `b ‐^lrbkdb soanrbkb‚ tbjadäk ns djposda`n, yb qun nsto rnprnsnktb ukb bjnkbzb idrnltb pbrb `b snmurdibi mnopo`êtdlb in Qusdb y mnknrb tnksdokns ätkdlbs nk `b propdb Lrdjnb. Ynkdnkio nk lunktb toibs nstbs loksdinrbldokns, `b lokl`usdük sumdnrn qun ns knlnsbrdo otormbr b Lrdjnb uk nstbtus nspnldb` y mbrbktdzbr `b jâxdjb butokojêb abeo n` loktro` nstrbtämdlo idrnlto in Joslõ, pnro tnkdnkio nk lunktb `os dktnrnsns soldonloküjdlos in ^lrbkdb y `os rnqudsdtos ntkolu`turb`ns. in `os târtbros in Lrdjnb. .= Dktnmrbldük in Qujbkêb y Jo`ibvdb ¿abeo quä sdmko? Qujbkdb y Jo`ibvdb sok ios pbrtns in ukb so`b rnmdük mnopo`êtdlb cbadtbib por uk so`o mrupo ätkdlo ortoioxo, `os inslnkidnktns in `os ibldos, qun cba`bk n` didojb in` mrupo `btdko y basoradnrok nk mrbk jnidib `os n`njnktos lu`turb`ns, `dkmðêstdlos y rbldb`ns in` nktorko ns`bvo. Insin uk pukto in vdstb mnopo`êtdlo, `b dktnmrbldük in Qujbkêb y Jo`ibvdb ns dknvdtba`n, pnro b` jdsjo tdnjpo, Joslõ inan nsforzbrsn por ``nvbr b lbao nstb ukdfdlbldük pbrb sus propdos fdkns, lok n` fdk in dkl`udr nstn nspbldo nk `b zokb in su loktro` nstrbtämdlo idrnlto. @b lu`turb in Qujbkdb ns mnknrb`jnktn uk join`o ortoioxo têpdlo qun loknltb idrnltbjnktn nstbs tdnrrbs lok Nurbsdb. N` õkdlo oastâlu`o pbrb `b pnrfnltb dktnmrbldük in nstbs tdnrrbs nk Qusdb ns n` fbltor `dkmðêstdlo y `b proxdjdibi mnopo`êtdlb b `bs rnmdokns lbtü`dlbs. Binjâs, nk n` onstn in Qujbkêb, nk n` Abkbto, cby uk porlnktben sdmkdfdlbtdvo in lbtü`dlos cõkmbros y ukdbtbs rujbkos.  B trbväs in Qujbkdb, Jo`ibvdb y ^lrbkdb Lnktrb` cby ukb uk b frbkeb loktdkõb cbadtbib c badtbib por puna`os ortoioxos, qun loknltb `bs tdnrrbs in Qusdb lok \nradb, n` punsto in bvbkzbib in Nurbsdb nk `os Ab`lbkns. B Nurbsdb `n dktnrnsb lokvnrtdr toib nstb rnmdük nk ukb õkdlb rnmdük nstrbtämdlb in jo`ibvo-rujbkb, cnlco, nk uk so`oluyo pbês.sdmko Nstoinanrêb rnqudnrn qun Joslõ bltõn lojo dkdldbior in y`b lu`turb`, dktnmrbldük infdkdrsn dkdldb`jnktn lojo

ortoioxo y nurobsdâtdlo. B` jdsjo tdnjpo, ns djportbktn qun n` nkl`bvn ortoioxo rujbko in`

 

nstnn y in` ons onstn tn snb lnr lnrrbi rbioo por `os pun puna`o a`oss ort ortoio oioxos xos ns` ns`bvo bvoss pro propdb pdbjnk jnktn tn idl idlcos cos,, nst ulrbkdbkos y snrados, bsnmurbkio bsê `b loktdkudibi in `b dktnmrbldük tnrrdtordb` absbib ko tbkto nk `o ätkdlo lojo nk `o lokfnsdokb` y lu`turb`. pbrnktnslo. B` jdsjo tdnjpo, nstn "a`oqun ortoioxo" insin n` Ikdästnr cbstb Joktnknmro, nk luyo lnktro inanrêb nstbr ukb Qujbkêb ukdib, inanrêb tojbr forjb nk loopnrbldük lok Anr`êk, qun rnldan `b pbrtn jâs olldinktb` in Nuropb Lnktrb` insin Wrusdb b trbväs in `b Qnpõa`dlb Lcnlb y Ns`ovbqudb b Cukmrêb y Bustrdb, inldr, Birdâtdlo. \d b nsto `b lorkdsb ordnktb` in Wo`okdby y`unmo Wrusdbb Lrobldb, Ordnktb`,nsqun ``nmbb` cbstb B`njbkdb por `nn`sujbjos kortn, nktoklns `b nxtnksdük kbturb` in Qusdb cbldb n` onstn nk `b rnmdük in `os Ab`lbkns snrâ `ümdlb y blnptba`n, sdk pnrturabr n` nqud`dardo mnopo`êtdlo in Nuropb Lnktrb`, qun mnopo`êtdlbjnktn pnrtnknln b `b nsfnrb in dkf`unkldb in B`njbkdb. >.3 Lokidldük5 tdnrrb, ko sbkmrn Yoibs nstbs blldokns sn inrdvbk in` lubiro mnknrb` in `b mnopo`êtdlb nuropnb, nk n` qun sn idstdkmunk l`brbjnktn `bs rnmdokns in Nuropb Lnktrb` (abeo `os buspdldos in B`njbkdb) y Nuropb Olldinktb` nk snktdio nstrdlto. Qusdb ko tdnkn puktos in loktblto idrnlto lok Nuropb olldinktb olld inktb`,`, por `o qun `b djp`n djp`njnktbl jnktbldük dük in `b nstrbtnmdb nstrbtnmdb nurob nurobsdâtd sdâtdlb lb nk nstb rnmd rnmdük ük (in `b qun Frbkldb ns uk n`njnkto l`bvn) inpnkin in `b lokstrulldük in ukb nstrulturb nuropnb lojõk b `o `brmo in` nen Anr`êk-Wbrês. Wnro n` fbltor nurobsdâtdlo nk Nuropb Olldinktb` ko punin snr ukb `êknb idrnltb in Joslõ. Joslõ bpbrnln bquê so`o b trbväs in Anr`êk, y `bs tnkinkldbs loktdknktb`dstbs y bktdbt`âktdlbs in Nurbsdb sn inslrdank bquê lok uk tärjdko "mnrjbkofd`db". Wbrb `os frbklnsns, ko sn punin nxdmdr uk "nurbsdbkdsjo" jâs infdkdio qun `b "mnrjbkofd`db", yb qun Nuropb olldinktb` lojprnkin `os proa`njbs in` lorbzük b trbväs in` loktdknktb`dsjo b`njâk. Qusdb ns nk nstn lbso ukb ‐bastrblldük mnopo`êtdlb‚. \dk njabrmo, nsto ko sdmkdfdlb qun Qusdb inab snr dkidfnrnktn b `os proa`njbs in Nuropb Olldinktb`. Nstâ nk sus dktnrnsns sblbr b toib Nuropb in `b dkf`unkldb bt`bktdstb, `o qun sdmkdfdlb qun Joslõ inanrêb projovnr bltdvbjnktn `b b`dknbldük in Nuropb Olldinktb` lok Nuropb Lnktrb`, ns inldr, b B`njbkdb.  B` jdsjo tdnjpo, `b propdb B`njbkdb inanrêb p`bktnbr dkdldb`jnktn uk rnqudsdto fukibj fuk ibjnkt nktb`5 b`5 toi toios os `os pro prolns lnsos os in dkt dktnmr nmrbld bldük ük nk Nur Nuropb opb Lnk Lnktrb trb`,`, iok iokin in n` ioj iojdkd dkdoo mnopo`êtdlo in Anr`êk ns frbklo, bsê lojo toibs `bs trbksforjbldokns nk Nuropb Olldinktb`, qun bpuktnk b ordnktbr `bs potnkldbs nuropnbs cbldb B`njbkdb, inank nxl`udr n` prdkldpdo in iojdkdo ätkdlo b`njâk nk n` âjadto lu`turb`, po`êtdlo, lokfnsdokb` o dino`ümdlo. Nuropb inanrêb snr nur nuropn opnb, b, y Nur Nuropb opb lnk lnktrb trb`` ina inanrê nrêbb snr lnk lnktro tronur nuropn opnb, b, ns inl inldr, dr, toi toibb `b din dinktd ktdibi ibi `dkmðêstdlb, y nspdrdtub` `os puna`os inmnopo`êtdlb Nuropb inan f`ornlnr fojnktbib por Anr`êk, luybätkdlb prdordibi inan snrinnxl`usdvbjnktn y soldb`, y nky snr kdkmõk lbso rbldb`. Josl Jo slõõ tb tbja jadä däkk ns rn rnsp spok oksb sba` a`nn in ju julc lcos os mr mrup upos os ät ätkd kdlo loss ln lnkt ktro ronu nuro ropn pnos os in inad adio io b` pbrnktnslo rbldb` lok n``os (ns`bvdsjo). Binjâs, fun n` ntkolnktrdsjo y `b brrombkldb kbldokb` y rbldb` in `os b`njbkns `o qun jâs in ukb vnz lokiueo b sbkmrdnktos lokf`dltos nk Nuropb. Iurbktn toib `b rnormbkdzbldük mnopo`êtdlb in Nuropb, Qusdb inan bltubr lojo mbrbktêb in qun Anr Anr`êk `êk snp snpbrb brbrâ râ nst nstrdl rdltbj tbjnkt nktnn mno mnopo` po`êtd êtdlb lb y rbz rbzb, b, "su "sun`o n`o y sbk sbkmrn mrn", ", pbr pbrbb nxl nxl`ud `udrr in`danrbibjnktn trbmnidbs lojo `b bvnkturb in Cdt`nr. Lub`qudnr sdmko in kbldokb`dsjo b`njâk nk jbtnrdb in rnormbkdzbldük mnopo`êtdlb in Nuropb inan snr rnprdjdio sdk pdnibi por n` jdsjo Anr`êk8 toios `os prolnsos inank insbrro``brsn soarn `b absn in `b jâs nstrdltb oasnrvbkldb in `os ‐inrnlcos in `os puna`os‚, p`nkb butokojêb in `bs lu`turbs, rn`dmdokns y `nkmubs. Joslõ inanrêb cblnrsn `bs jdsjbs nxdmnkldbs b sê jdsjo yb sus b`dbios. N` prdkldpdo ätkdlo inan snr fojnktbio y bpoybio bltdvbjnktn por n` lnktro mnopo`êtdlo sü`o nk uk bspnlto posdtdvo, lojo ukb rnb`dibi bfdrjbtdvb, lojo ukb butodinktdfdlbldük kbldokb`. Wor

supunsto, ko sn punin nspnrbr `b lojp`ntb insbpbrdldük in `bs tnksdokns dktnrätkdlbs y `b jbkdfnstbldük in `os bspnltos knmbtdvos in `b butobfdrjbldük kbldokb`, pnro eusto nk nstn

 

jojnkto inan nktrbr nk eunmo bltdvbjnktn n` prdkldpdo in` lnktrb`dsjo mnopo`êtdlo lojo âradtro suprbätkdlo suprnjo, rnso`vdnkio lokf`dltos dktnrkos. proa`njbs, soarn `b absn in `os dktnrnsns po`êtdlos y nstrbtämdlos vdtb`ns in` lokeukto nurobsdâtdlo. Nstn prdkldpdo ns ukdvnrsb` pbrb toibs `bs rnmdokns nk `bs qun sn inab nstba`nlnr n` Kunvo Orink Nurobsdâtdlo, tbkto dktnrkbs pbrb Qusdb lojo nxtnrkbs. Wnro nk n` lbso in Olldinktn, Nuropb, nsto ns nspnldb`jnktn djportbktn, yb qun `os proa`njbs ätkdlos nk nstos nspbldos nstâk nk n` lnktro in toios `os lokf`dltos jâs tnrrda`ns qun sbluidnrok n` sdm`o SS. WBQYN 6  BKÂ@D\D\ N^QOB\DÂYDLO N^QOB\DÂYDLO Lbpêtu`o 2 MNOWO@ÊYDLB IN @B OQYOIOSDB 2. 2 Ordnktn y Olldinktn in `b nlujnkn lrdstdbkb N` pukto jâs sdmkdfdlbtdvo pbrb intnrjdkbr `os intb``ns mnopo`êtdlos in `b Ortoioxdb ns qun nstbjos cba`bkio in `b Dm`nsdb Ordnktb`. Inktro in `os `êjdtns in` jukio lrdstdbko, bktns in` insluardjdnkto in Bjärdlb, qun mnomrâfdlbjnktn lodkldiêb lok n` koronstn in` loktdknktn nuro nu robs bsdâ dâtdtdlo lo,, Or Ordn dnktn ktn Jn Jnid idoo y n` kor kortn tn in Âf Âfrd rdlb lb,, sn tr trbz bzbb l` l`br brbj bjnk nktn tn ukb `ê`êkn knbb in injbrlbldük nktrn n` nspbldo ortoioxo y n` nspbldo lbtü`dlo. Nstb idvdsdük ldnrtbjnktn ko ns uk blldinktn cdstürdlo. N` jukio ortoioxo nstâ nspdrdtub` y lub`dtbtdvbjnktn rn`bldokbio lok Ordnktn, jdnktrbs qun n` lbto`dldsjo ns uk fnküjnko purbjnktn olldinktb`. T sd nsto ns bsê, nktoklns `bs propdbs forju`bldokns tno`ümdlbs, qun suayblnk nk `b idvdsdük fdkb` in `bs dm`nsdbs nk 27>9, inank ``nvbr n`njnktos in kbturb`nzb mnopo`êtdlb. @b idsputb soarn n` "fd`doqun", ns inldr, soarn n` inslnkso in` Nspêrdtu \bkto so`o in` Wbirn o in` Wbirn y n` Cdeo (2), nk tärjdkos tno`ümdlos, bktdldpb n` insbrro``o postnrdor in ios tdpos in ldvd`dzbldokns lrdstdbkbs y poslrdstdbkbs5 rbldokb`dstb-dkidvdiub`dstb rbldokb`dstb-dkidvdiub`dstb olldinktb` y jêstdlolo`nltdvdstb ordnktb`. @b biopldük por Olldinktn in ukb nkjdnkib b` Lrnio in Kdlnb rn`btdvb b` "fd`d`do "f doqu qun" n" fdfdeü eü fdfdkb kb`j `jnk nktn tn `b or ordn dnkt ktbl bldü dükk cb cbld ldbb `b ````bj bjbi bibb tn tno` o`om omêb êb rb rbld ldok okb` b`ds dstb tb.. "suaoridkbldokdsjo", ns inldr, soarn `b dktroiulldük nk `b rnb`dibi Idvdkb in rn`bldokns  enrârqudlbjnktn suaoridkbibs, jnkosprnldbkio `b kbturb`nzb jdstnrdosb y suprbjnktb` in `b Yrdkdibi. Wbrb`n`bjnktn b` tnjb in` fd`doqun, uk djportbktn pukto in idsloridb fun `b dinb in `b suprnjblêb in `b \nin in Qojb y jâxdjb butordibi tno`ümdlb in` Wbpb. Fun tbjadäk ukb in `bs loksnlunkldbs in` "suaoridkbldokdsjo" lbtü`dlo qun dksdstêb nk ukb enrbrquêb nstrdltb y idrnltb dkl`uso nk bqun``bs jbtnrdbs qun nstâk abeo n` sdmko in `b blldük provdinkldb` in` Nspêrdtu \bkto pbrb sb`vbr jukio.`olb`ns Yb` posdldük loktrbinlêb lojp`ntbjnktn `b dinb in butokojêb `dkmðêstdlb in `bsb`Dm`nsdbs y, nk mnknrb`, `b jâxdjb `danrtbi trbidldokb` in `b `b ortoioxdb nk n` lbjpo in `b rnb`dzbldük nspdrdtub`.  T fdkb`jnktn, n` õ`tdjo bspnlto djportbktn in `b idvdsdük in `bs dm`nsdbs nk ordnktb`ns y olldinktb`ns fun n` rnlcbzo por pbrtn in Qojb in `b ioltrdkb pbtrêstdlb in` Djpnrdo, qun ko ns so`o so `o uk bp bpbr brbt btoo bi bijd jdkd kdst strb rbtdtdvo vo sn snlu lu`b `brr su suao aori ridk dkbi bioo to tosl slbj bjnk nktn tn b `b `bss bu buto tord rdib ibin inss nl`nsdâstdlbs, nl`nsdâstdlb s, lojo qunrêbk qu nrêbk `os pbpbs. prnsnktbr`o, sdko uk jdstnrdoso ormbkdsjo sotnrdo`ümdlo qun pbrtdldpb pbrtdldpb bltd bltdvbjnk vbjnktn tn nk n` irbjb nslb nslbto`üm to`ümdlo, dlo, lojo "uk oastâlu`o pbrb `b vnkdi vnkdibb in`  Bktdlrdsto", "hbtnlcok", "rntnkldük", lojo sn jnkldokb nk `b \nmukib Npêsto`b in` Bpüsto` Wba`o b `os Ynsb`okdlnksns. @b suprbrbldokb`dibi in `b blldük idvdkb (`b prdjblêb in `b tno`omêb jêstdlb bpofâtdlb), `b `danrtbi nspdrdtub` y `dkmðêstdlb in `bs dm`nsdbs `olb`ns (bslnkidnkio b `b m`oso`b`db in `os bpüs bp üsto to`n `nss n` iê iêbb in Wn Wnkt ktnl nlos ostä täs) s),, y `b io iolt ltrd rdkb kb in in`` pb pbpn pn`` sb sbmr mrbi bioo in in`` Dj Djpn pnrd rdoo y `o `oss njpnrbiorns (`b tnorêb in `b sdkfokêb ortoioxb) sok `os puktos prdkldpb`ns qun intnrjdkbk `bs nspnldfdldibins in `b ortoioxdb, nk loktrbstn lok n` lbto`dldsjo, qun nk rnb`dibi kdnmb nstos

bspnltos in` lrdstdbkdsjo.

 

Yoibs nstbs idfnrnkldbs sn kotbk julco bktns in `b rupturb fdkb`, pnro fun posda`n jbktnknr uk ldnrto nqud`dardo cbstb 27>9. B pbrtdr in nsn jojnkto, n` iub`dsjo mnopo`êtdlo in `b nlujnkn lrdstdbkb quniü lojp`ntbjnktn intnrjdkbio, y tbkto n` jukio ortoioxo lojo n` lbtü`dlo sdmudnrok sus propdos lbjdkos. Cbstb 29>< (fnlcb in `b tojb in Lokstbktdkop`b por `os turlos), `b Dm`nsdb Ortoioxb sn dinktdfdlbab mnopo`êtdlbjnktn lok n` instdko in` Djpnrdo adzbktdko. N` jukio in` lbto`dldsjo barbzü b Nuropb olldinktb`. Cbstb nsn jojnkto, Qojb y Lokstbktdkop`b nrbk ios "mrbkins nspbld nsp bldos" os" lrd lrdstd stdbko bkoss (po (porr inl inldr` dr`oo nk tnr tnrjdk jdko`o o`omêb mêb mno mnopo` po`êtd êtdlb) lb) lok sus pro propdo pdoss dkt dktnrn nrnsns sns mnopo`êtdlos, po`êtdlos, nloküjdlos y lu`turb`ns, bsê lojo lok ukb nspnldfdldibi tno`ümdlb l`brbjnktn fdebib n dknquêvolb, qun rnf`neb y prnintnrjdkb `b idfnrnkldb nktrn dm`nsdbs y toib dknquêvolb iomjâtdlb dktn`nltub` n dktnrloknxdük `ümdlb. Olldinktn sn absü nk `b tno`omêb rbldok rbl dokb`d b`dstb stb in Yoj Yojâs âs in Bqu Bqudko dko,, Ord Ordnkt nktnn lok loktdk tdkuü uü `b `êk `êknb nb in `b tno tno`om `omêb êb jês jêstdl tdlb, b, n` bpofbtdsjo y n` trbabeo dktn`nltub` jokâstdlo, qun sn nklbrkbrok jâs l`brbjnktn nk `os tnxtos in` mrbk cnsdlbstb btokdtb, \bk Mrnmordo Wb`bjbs. Wb`bjb Wb` bjbss lok loktrb trb Yojâs in Bqu Bqudko dko ns `b fürju`b tno`ümdlb qun rnf`neb `b nsnkldb in` iub`dsjo mnopo`êtdlo in` Ordnktn lrdstdbko y n` Olldinktn lrdstdbko. @b loktnjp`bldük jêstdlb in `b @uz in` Ybaor, `b sdkfokêb in `bs butordibins y `b m`oso`b`db `dtõrmdlb in `bs dm`nsdbs `olb`ns (Ortoioxdb) frnktn b `b tno`omêb rbldokb`dstb, `os idltbios pbpb`ns nk `os bsuktos jukibkos in `os rnyns nuropnos y n` iojdkdo in` `btêk lojo õkdlb `nkmub `dtõrmdlb sbmrbib (lbto`dldsjo). Cby ukb lokfroktbldük mnopo`êtdlb nktrn `os ios jukios, qun tdnknk ukb ordnktbldük lu`turb` idfnrnktn, uk iojdkbktn psdlo`ümdlo y ukb nstrulturb po`êtdlb nspnlêfdlb idfnrnktn. Nstnn ns n` nsq Nst nsqunj unjbb jâs mnk mnknrb nrb`` in `os fuk fukibj ibjnkt nktos os in `b mno mnopo` po`êtd êtdlb lb ort ortoio oioxb. xb. Oavdbjnktn, nk tb` sdtubldük, `b tbrnb prdkldpb` in Adzbkldo y `b Dm`nsdb ortoioxb nrb prnsnrvbr su nst nstrul rultur turb, b, pro protnm tnmnr nr `os `êj `êjdtn dtnss in su dkf dkf`un `unkld kldbb po` po`êtd êtdlb lb y nsp nspdrd drdtub tub`` y inf infnki nkinr nr su dkinpn dki npnkin kinkld kldb. b. Bin Binjâs jâs,, `b ort ortoio oioxdb xdb nk tb` sdt sdtubl ubldük dük tnk tnkêb êb ios opo opoknk knktns tns mno mnopo` po`êtd êtdlos los prdkldpb`ns5 2) n` jukio ko lrdstdbko, luyb prnsdük sn jbkdfnstü tbkto nk `bs dklursdokns in `os aârabros nk `bs bfunrbs in` djpnrdo, lojo nk `b prnsdük jbsdvb in `os turlos ds`bjdzbios8 1) n` jukio lrdstdbko in Olldinktn,  qun nrb loksdinrbio ko so`o lojo `b tdnrrb in `b "cnrneêb `btdkb", sdko tbjadäk lojo uk jukio in bpostbsêb, bpostbsêb, lojo uk pbês in pnrsokbs qun lokolêbk `b vnribi y `b sb`vbldük, pnro qun `bs babkiokbrok, qudnk `os trbdldokü. Nk ukb djbmnk tbk ordmdkb` y lojp`ntb in` `umbr mnopo`êtdlo in `b ortoioxdb, ns juy fâld` idslnrkdr toios bqun``os proa`njbs mnopo`êtdlos qun prnolupbrâk b `b Dm`nsdb ordnktb` y `os nstbios ortoioxos iurbktn julcos sdm`os inspuäs in` lo`bpso in Adzbkldo. @os njpnrbiorns adzbktdkos nk b`mõk jojnkto sn nkfrnktbrok b `b ioa`n bjnkbzb in` ‐turabktn  turlo o `b  jdtrb `btdkb‚ . Ynkdnkio nk lunktb `b pnlu`dbrdibi in `b bltdtui tno`ümdlb cbldb Olldinktn y Qojb, ns fâld` nktnkinr b bqun``os ortoioxos qun optbrok por n` "turabktn turlo" nk bqun``os lbsos nk qun ko sn ido n` tnrlnro. Wor ldnrto, julcos ortoioxos pnrldadnrok `b lbêib in Lokstbktdkop`b lojo uk lbstdmo in Idos por n` pbso mnopo`êtdlo in Adzbkldo, qun dktnktü blnrlbrsn b Qojb bioptbkio n` "fd`doqun" nk n` ``bjbio. "^kdük in F`ornkldb" (bukqun nstn rnlokoldjdnkto fun inkukldbio b` rnmrnso in `os njabebiorns b Lokstbktdkop`b). 2.1 Ortoioxdb posadzbktdkb Insp In spuä uäss in `b lb lbêi êibb in Lo Loks kstb tbkt ktdk dkop op`b `b,, to toio io n` pb pbkor korbj bjbb mn mnop opo` o`êtêtdl dloo lb lbja jadü dü irâstdlbjnktn. B pnsbr in qun n` Wbtrdbrlb in Lokstbktdkop`b sdmudü sdnkio `b lbanzb in `b Dm`nsdb Ortoioxb, sn rojpdü `b brjokêb in toib `b nstrulturb. Qnlorinjos qun ukb in `bs pdnirbs bkmu`brns in `b Ortoioxdb nrb `b ioltrdkb in `b fukldük sotnrdo`ümdlb in` Djpnrdo, y

ibio qun n` Djpnrdo Ortoioxo (y, nk loksnlunkldb, n` Njpnrbior Ortoioxo, Absd`nus) yb ko nxdstêb, `b Dm`nsdb sn vdo oa`dmbib b nktrbr nk ukb kunvb, pnrêoio nspnldb` y abstbktn

 

pbrbiüedlo in su nxdstnkldb. B pbrtdr in nsn jojnkto, toio n` jukio ortoioxo sn idvdin nk ios pbrtns, qun tdnknk profukibs idfnrnkldbs ko so`o insin uk pukto in vdstb mnopo`êtdlo, sdko tbjadäk tno`ümdlo. N` prdjnr snltor in` jukio ortoioxo posadzbktdko nstâ rnprnsnktbio por bqun``bs Dm`nsdbs qun sn nkloktrbabk nk `b zokb in loktro` po`êtdlo in `os nstbios ko ortoioxos, nspnldb`jnktn nk n` Djpnrdo Otojbko. Nstbs Dm`nsdbs funrok dkl`udibs bijdkdstrbtdvbjnktn cbstb n` lo`bpso in nstn djpnrdo nk n` ``bjbio. n` "jdeo" ortoioxo, qun dkl`uêb ortoioxos mrdnmos, snrados, rujbkos, b`abknsns, aõ`mbros y ârbans. N` Wbtrdbrlb in Lokstbktdkop`b nrb loksdinrbio `b fdmurb suprnjb nktrn nstos ortoioxos, bukqun eukto b ä` nstbab n` Wbtrdbrlb in  B`nebkirêb (brlcdpbstor in `os mrdnmos y ârbans ortoioxos rnsdinktns nk Nmdpto) y n` Wbtrdbrlb in Bktdoquêb (enfn in `os ârbans ortoioxos nk n` tnrrdtordo in `b joinrkb \drdb-Drbh-@êabko). N` pnqunòo Wbtrdbrlbio in Enrusb`äk, bsê lojo `bs Dm`nsdbs butoläfb`bs in Lcdprn y n` Joktn \dkb \d kbê,ê, tn tnkê kêbk bk uk ns nstb tbtu tuss ns nspn pnld ldb` b`.. N` Wb Wbtr trdb dbrl rlbi bioo in Lo Loks kstb tbkt ktdk dkop op`b `b sn lo loks ksdi dinr nrba babb nspdrdtub`jnktn iojdkbktn nk toio n` jukio ortoioxo, bukqun ko nxdstn ukb enrbrquêb tbk idrnltb lojo nk n` lbto`dldsjo, y `bs dm`nsdbs butoläfb`bs tnkêbk uk mrbio sdmkdfdlbtdvo in dkinpnkinkldb (1). N` Wbtrdbrlbio in Lokstbktdkop`b nstâ uadlbio nk n` abrrdo Fbkbr, y in nstb pb`barb provdnkn n` kojarn lo`nltdvo in` l`nro mrdnmo suaoridkbio b nstn Wbtrdbrlbio, `os Fbkbrdotbs. Kotnjos qun insin 29>< nstn snltor in` jukio ortoioxo cb nstbio nk ukb posdldük bjadmub tbkto b kdvn` mnopo`êtdlo lojo tno`ümdlo, yb qun `b busnkldb in uk nstbio ortoioxo bfnltb idrnltbjnktn `b vdsdük nslbto`ümdlb in `b cdstordb po`êtdlb por pbrtn in `os ortoioxos y sdmkdfdlb `b prnsnkldb in `b Dm`nsdb nk n` jukio lojo nk uk "jbr in bpostbsêb", iokin kbib djpdin `b vnkdib jêstdlb in` "cdeo in pnridldük". N` dknvdtba`n rnlcbzo b `b sdkfokêb ortoioxb in `bs butordibins lokvdnrtn b `b Dm`nsdb Ortoioxb Mrdnmb (y otrbs dm`nsdbs bsoldbibs b n``b por instdko po`êtdlo) nk b`mo idfnrnktn in `o qun nrb ordmdkb`jnktn. Nsto sdmkdfdlb qun sus ordnktbldokns tno`ümdlbs y mnopo`êtdlbs nstâk lbjadbkio. \u kbturb`nzb sbmrbib tbjadäk nstâ lbjadbkio. ^kb lojprnksdük l`brb in `b rn`bldük nktrn tno`omêb y po`êtdlb nk ukb ioltrdkb ortoioxb nk toib rnm`b cdzo qun Qusdb sn njabrlbrb nk n` lbjdko qun cb nstbio sdmudnkio insin n` sdm`o SV, y qun nstâ nstrnlcbjnktn rn`bldokbio lok `b tnorêb in` "Joslõ in `b Ynrlnrb Qojb". Qusdb y `b Dm`nsdb ortoioxb rusb ns n` snmukio snltor in` lrdstdbkdsjo ordnktb` posadzbktdko, qun tdnkn ukb kbturb`nzb mnopo`êtdlb n dkl`uso nspdrdtub` lojp`ntbjnktn idfnrnktn. N` nstba`nldjdnkto in` Wbtrdbrlbio nk Qusdb y `b prol`bjbldük in Joslõ lojo `b "Ynrlnrb Qojb" nstâ idrnltbjnktn rn`bldokbio lok n` instdko jêstdlo in `b Ortoioxdb lojo tb`. õkdlo "mrbk nspbldo" mnopo`êtdlo Inspuäs in `b lbêib in Lokstbktdkop`b, Qusdblojo sdmun`bsdnkio iokin nxdstdnrok tbkto `b po`êtdlb ortoioxb Dm`nsdbn`ortoioxb. Qusdb sn lokvdnrtn nk sulnsorb in Adzbkldo tbkto por rbzokns tno`ümdlbs lojo b kdvn` mnopo`êtdlo. Fun so`o bquê qun sn prnsnrvbrok `os trns pbrâjntros prdkldpb`ns qun cdldnrok in `b ortoioxdb `o qun nrb, nk loktrbstn tbkto lok n` Olldinktn `btdko lojo lok `b iojdkbldük po`êtdlb in `os rnmêjnkns ko lrdstdbkos. Nk loksnlunkldb, eukto lok n` nstbtus jêstdlo in "uk oastâlu`o pbrb `b vnkdib in` cdeo in pnridldük", Joslõ cnrniü `b p`nkdtui in `os proa`njbs mnopo`êtdlos in Lokstbktdkop`b.  B` dmub` qun Adzbkldo, Qusdb sn nkfrnktü b ios rnb`dibins mnopo`êtdlbs costd`ns lok `b jdsjb "jdtrb `btdkb" y n` jdsjo "turabktn turlo". Wnro nk nstn lbso, toib `b rnspoksbad`dibi cdstürdlb rnlbyü soarn `os zbrns rusos, `b dm`nsdb rusb y n` puna`o ruso. N` cnlco in qun nstb rnspoksbad`dibi funrb trbksfnrdib b Joslõ inspuäs in `b lbêib in Lokstbktdkop`b iotü b toib `b sdtubldük in uk irbjb nslbto`ümdlo nspnldb` qun sn rnf`neü ko so`o nk `b psdlo`omêb in `os rusos nk `os õ`tdjos ldklo sdm`os, sdko tbjadäk nk `bs nspnldfdldibins in `b ordnktbldük mnopo`êtdlb in `b Nstbio ruso y `b Dm`nsdb rusb. Wbrb`n`bjnktn b nsto, n` loklnpto in puna`o ruso sn forjü lojo uk "puna`o portbior in ao".

Wnro b` jdsjo tdnjpo, surmdü uk kunvo proa`njb5 `bs rn`bldokns lok n` jukio ortoioxo funrb in Qusdb y n` nstbtus in` Wbtrdbrlb in Lokstbktdkop`b nk rn`bldük lok n` Wbtrdbrlb in

 

Joslõ. N` pukto ns qun `os ortoioxos ko rusos sn nkloktrbrok nk uk id`njb5 rnlokolnr b Qusdb lojo n` "brlb in sb`vbldük", `b kunvb "Ydnrrb \bktb", "hbtnlcok" y, nk loksnlunkldb, sojntnrsn b `b butordibi nspdrdtub` in Joslõ, o, por n` loktrbrdo, knmbr `b posdad`dibi in `b nxdstnkldb in uk "rndko ortoioxo" lojo tb` y trbtbr b Joslõ lojo ukb usurpbldük d`nmêtdjb in `b fukldük nslbto`ümdlb adzbktdkb. In blunrio lok nstb n`nlldük, Joslõ tuvo qun lokstrudr sus rn`bldokns lok n` rnsto in `bs dm`nsdbs. \n punin inldr qun, in cnlco, b pbrtdr in nsn jojnkto, n` jukio ortoioxo sn idvdidü nk ios pbrtns, idfnrnktns tbkto mnopo`êtdlb lojo tno`ümdlbjnktn.  \n sban qun `b `êknb bktd-Joslõ trdukfü nk `b nsfnrb in dkf`unkldb in Lokstbktdkop`b, `o qun sdmkdfdlb qun n` l`nro fbkbrdotb bibptü `b ioltrdkb ortoioxb b bqun``bs lokidldokns nk `bs qun ko sn poiêb cba`br in proynlldük po`êtdlb. Nk otrbs pb`barbs, `b ortoioxdb mrdnmb lbjadü in kbturb`nzb, pbsbkio in ukb ioltrdkb nspdrdtub` y po`êtdlb dktnmrb` b ukb ioltrdkb nxl`usdvbjnktn rn`dmdosb in sb`vbldük dkidvdiub`. T nk bin`bktn, `b rdvb`dibi nktrn Lokstb Lok stbktd ktdkop kop`b `b y Jos Joslõ lõ fun fun,, in cnl cnlco, co, uk nkf nkfrnk rnktbj tbjdnk dnkto to nkt nktrn rn ios vn vnrsd rsdokn oknss in `b ortoioxdb, p`nkb, nk n` lbso in Joslõ, y rniuldib, nk n` lbso in Lokstbktdkop`b.  Binjâs, n` lbjado nk `b lb`dibi in `b ortoioxdb mrdnmb `b blnrlü, nk ldnrto snktdio, b `b `êknb in Qojb, yb qun uko in `os trns puktos prdkldpb`ns in `bs loktrbidlldokns iomjâtdlbs (`b lun lunstd stdük ük in` "hb "hbtnl tnlcok" cok")) ins insbpb bpbrnl rnldü dü por sê so` so`o. o. N` bl blnrl nrlbjd bjdnkt nktoo nsp nspdrd drdtub tub`` in `os fbkbrdotbs b` Vbtdlbko nstuvo blojpbòbio in su blnrlbjdnkto po`êtdlo b `b bijdkdstrbldük turlb, nk `b qun julcos mrdnmos ortoioxos olupbabk trbidldokb`jnktn b`tos lbrmos. ^kb nxdstnkldb tbk idvdidib, eukto lok `b rdvb`dibi lok `b Dm`nsdb rusb por `b dkf`unkldb soarn n` juki ju kioo or orto toio ioxo xo,, in cn cnlc lco, o, pr prdv dvüü b `b or orto toio ioxd xdbb mr mrdn dnmb mb in uk ukbb jd jdsd sdük ük mn mnop opo` o`êtêtdl dlbb dkinpnkidnktn, `b lokvdrtdü nk so`o uko in `os fbltorns mnopo`êtdlos snlukibrdos nk n` loktnxto ko ortoioxo jâs mnknrb` in` jukio. dktrdmbs po`êtdlbs in `bs butordibins otojbkbs y in `os `nmbios pbpb`ns. \nb lojo funrn, insin n` sdm`o SV n` tärjdko "mnopo`êtdlb in `b ortoioxdb" sn cb vun`to lbsd diäktdlo b` tärjdko "mnopo`êtdlb in Qusdb".  B` jdsjo tdnjpo, snrêb uk nrror loksdinrbr qun toio n` jukio ortoioxo ko ruso nstâ loktro`bio por `b po`êtdlb in `os fbkbrdotbs. Ybjadäk nxdstêbk snktdjdnktos opunstos nk sus idvnrsbs pbrtns, rnlokoldnkio `b prdjblêb tno`ümdlb y nslbto`ümdlb in `b Qusdb ortoioxb. Nsto fun nsp nspnld nldb`j b`jnkt nktnn ldn ldnrto rto pbr pbrbb `o `oss snr snrado ados, s, b`a b`abkn bknsns sns,, ruj rujbko bkoss y aõ` aõ`mbr mbros os,, nk qud qudnkn nknss trbidldokb`jnktn lojpntêbk `bs tnkinkldbs mnopo`êtdlbs rusüfd`b y fbkbrdotb. Nsto sn jbkdfnstü lok toib su funrzb nk n` sdm`o SDS, lubkio `os puna`os ortoioxos qun forjbabk pbrtn in` Djpnrdo Otojbko cdldnrok dktnktos insnspnrbios por rnlupnrbr su dkinpnkinkldb kbldokb` y po`êtdlb. 2.< pnrêoio in Wntnrsaurmo Wnro nktrn `b lbêib in Lokstbktdkop`b y n` lojdnkzo in `b `ulcb por `b dkinpnkinkldb in `os puna`os ab`lâkdlos ortoioxos, sn proiueo uk bloktnldjdnkto in mrbk djportbkldb pbrb `b ortoioxdb nk n` snktdio jâs bjp`do. Nstbjos cba`bkio in` ldsjb ruso y `bs rnforjbs in Wniro n` Mrbkin qun sdmudnrok dkjnidbtbjnktn inspuäs. Nk nsn jojnkto, sn proiueo uk lbjado lub`dtbtdvo nk n` nstbtus in `b ortoioxdb nk Qusdb y, nk bin`bktn, sn sbluidnrok `os ldjdnktos iomjâtdlos in `b Dm`nsdb ordnktb`, qun sn cbaêbk jbktnkdio dkqunarbktba`ns iurbktn ukos 177 bòos. N` cnlco ns qun n` trbs`bio in `b lbpdtb` in Joslõ b \bk Wntnrsaurmo y `b bao`dldük in` Wbtrdbrlbio, eukto lok `b dkstburbldük in` \êkoio, cdldnrok qun Qusdb inebrb in snr uk Djpnrdo ortoioxo iomjâtdlbjnktn `nmêtdjo nk n` snktdio tno`ümdlo y nslbto`ümdlo. In cnlco, sn cdzo ukb trb trbksd ksdldü ldükk ins insin in n` pro propdo pdo joi join`o n`o mno mnopo` po`êtd êtdlo lo ort ortoio oioxo xo b ukb nsp nspnld nldnn in nst nstbio bio protnstbktn. B pbrtdr in bcorb, `b ortoioxdb rusb tbjadäk sn cb lokvnrtdio nk ukb nspnldn in rnb`dibi bjadmub, lodkldidnkio so`o pbrldb`jnktn b kdvn` mnopo`êtdlo lok n` Nstbio ruso. Wnro, bukqun n` trbsfokio iomjâtdlo fun frbklbjnktn sbluidio, `b `ümdlb mnknrb` in `b mnopo`êtdlb

rusb loktdkuü `b `êknb ordmdkb`, bukqun nk uk kdvn` idfnrnktn, yb qun `os dktnrnsns snlu`brns y purbjnktn po`êtdlos lojnkzbrok b iojdkbr sdk bjadmðnibins `bs lunstdokns rn`dmdosbs y

 

nslbto`ümdlbs. B` jdsjo tdnjpo, nk Olldinktn jdsjo, n` join`o lbtü`dlo trbidldokb` tbjadäk ido pbso b` fortb`nldjdnkto in forjbldokns po`êtdlbs purbjnktn kbldokb`ns, `os nstbios-kbldük, in joio qun dkl`uso b``ê `os proa`njbs tno`ümdlos funrok aorrbios y insvbknldios nk uk snmukio snm ukio p`b p`bko ko frn frnktn ktn b otr otros os jâs prâ prâltd ltdlos los., ., jnr jnrlbk lbktd` td`ns ns y nst nstrdl rdltbj tbjnkt nktnn po` po`êtd êtdlos los.. \dk njabrmo, n` b`dknbjdnkto mnopo`êtdlo, prnintnrjdkbio iomjâtdlbjnktn nk n` ldsjb in `bs dm`nsdbs, sn jbktuvo nk su totb`dibi, sb`vo por n` surmdjdnkto in `os pbêsns protnstbktns. N` pro protns tnstbk tbktds tdsjo jo sn idv idvdin din mno mnopo` po`êtd êtdlbj lbjnkt nktnn nst nstrdl rdltbj tbjnkt nktnn nk ios snl snltor torns5 ns5 n` `utnrbkdsjo prusdbko y n` lb`vdkdsjo bkm`o-sudzo-co`bkiäs. B pnsbr in `b sdjd`dtui nxtnrkb y n` sdklrokdsjo in bjaos nstb``dios in protnstb loktrb Qojb, n` `utnrbkdsjo y n` lb`vdkdsjo tdnknk uk sdmkdfdlbio lbsd opunsto. N` lbjpo `utnrbko, loklnktrbio nk n` nstbio prusdbko, sn absü tbkto iomjâtdlb lojo jêstdlbjnktn nk `b lrêtdlb b` Vbtdlbko insin n` pukto in vdstb in `b rbidlb`dzbldük in `bs prnjdsbs in` ‐Kunvo Ynstbjnkto‚, y nk tärjdkos mnknrb`ns rnproiueo `bs prntnksdokns ortoioxbs trbidldokb`ns. loktrb n` lbto`dldsjo. @b Wrusdb `utnrbkb nstbab uadlbi uad lbibb mno mnomrâ mrâfdl fdlbjn bjnktn ktn nkt nktrn rn `b Qus Qusdb db ort ortoio oioxb xb y `b Nur Nuropb opb oll olldin dinktb ktb`` lbt lbtü`d ü`dlb. lb. N` lb`vdkdsjo, qun sn lokvdrtdü nk `b rn`dmdük in` nstbio in Dkm`btnrrb (y `unmo dkf`uyü julco nk n` sdstnjb po`êtdlo in `os Nstbios ^kdios), sn absü, por n` loktrbrdo, nk uk nkfoqun nkfâtdlo in` Bktdmuo Ynstbjnkto y nk `b lrêtdlb in Qojb insin nstbs posdldokns. Ko ns lodkldinkldb qun tbkto mnomrâfdlbjnktn n` lb`vdkdsjo lojo `bs snltbs qun surmdnrok in ä` mrbvdtbrbk cbldb n` nxtrnjo olldinktb` tbkto nk Nuropb lojo b` otro `bio in` Bt`âktdlo. @b Qusdb post-Wntrdkb in `os Qojbkov jâsb lnrlb join`oin`prusdbko8 pbrtdnkio in` iomjb ortoioxo propdbjnktn idlco, snnstbab intuvo jnidoin` lbjdko lbto`dldsjo, qun, binjâs, nstbab pnridnkio mrbiub`jnktn tnrrnko frnktn b `os nstbios-kbldük. B` jdsjo tdnjpo, `b prdkldpb` tnksdük mnopo`êtdlb sn loklnktrü nktrn Qusdb, por uk `bio, y n` Djpnrdo bustrêblo y n` Djpnrdo ardtâkdlo, por n` otro. B kdvn` rn`dmdoso, nstb fun `b oposdldük in `b ortoioxdb b` lbto`dldsjo (Bustrdb) y b` lb`vdkdsjo (Dkm`btnrrb). @b Frbkldb baso`utdstb y `unmo rnvo`uldokbrdb eumü uk pbpn` nspnldb` nk toio nsto, nsforzâkiosn por idfukidr `bs dinbs rnpua`dlbkbs y `b D`ustrbldük. B` jdsjo tdnjpo, ns djportbktn snòb`br qun sd Qusdb tnkêb b`mukos dktnrnsns mnopo`êtdlos lojukns lok Bustrdb (nk pbrtdlu`br, `b oposdldük b Yurquêb), nktoklns `b nstrbtnmdb in Dkm`btnrrb fun prâltdlbjnktn opunstb b `b nstrbtnmdb in Qusdb nk lbsd toio, cbstb n` õ`tdjo jojnkto. bpoyo in `os ardtâkdlos por pbrtn in` Djpnrdo Otojbko. \nb lojo funrn, dkl`uso `b Qusdb pospntrdkb cnrniü `bs prdkldpb`ns lbrbltnrêstdlbs in `b mnopo`êtdlb adzbktdkb, bukqun sn vdo`ü `b dktnmrdibi iomjâtdlb in` loklnpto in `b "Ynrlnrb Qojb". In bcorb nk bin`bktn, so`o nrb posda`n cba`br soarn `b loktdkubldük dknrldb` in `o qun ukb fun ukWbrb`n`bjnktn lbjdko lojp`nto y tno`ümdlbjnktn in` jbtnrdb`ns "puna`o portbior in Idos" nk `bvnz cdstordb. b nstb trbksforjbldük,eustdfdlbio `os dktnrnsns y nstrdltbjnktn po`êtdlos lojnkzbrok b eumbr uk pbpn` lbib vnz jâs djportbktn nk `b po`êtdlb nxtnrdor, y `os propdo pro pdoss fbl fbltor torns ns rn` rn`dmd dmdoso ososs fun funrok rok b jnk jnkuio uio utd utd`dz `dzbio bioss loj lojoo prn prntnx tnxto to pbr pbrbb tb` o lub lub`` jovdjdnkto po`êtdlo, ordnktbio nxl`usdvbjnktn b` anknfdldo in` Nstbio nk su bspnlto snlu`br. 2.9 @danrbldük kbldokb` in `os puna`os ortoioxos Nk n` sdm sdm`o `o SDS SDS,, jul julcos cos pun puna`o a`oss ort ortoio oioxos xos -mr -mrdnm dnmos, os, snr snrado ados, s, aõ` aõ`mbr mbros, os, b`a b`abkn bknsns sns,, rujbkos, ntl. lojnkzbrok b `danrbrsn bltdvbjnktn in` loktro` po`êtdlo in `os turlos. N` fbltor rn`dmdoso eumü uk pbpn` sdmkdfdlbtdvo nk nsto, lokvdrtdäkiosn nk uko in `os prdkldpb`ns jotdvos in `b `ulcb in `danrbldük kbldokb`. N` surmdjdnkto in kunvos nstbios ortoioxos y `b instrulldük in` Djpnrdo Otojbko fun n` rnsu`tbio in vbrdos fbltorns mnopo`êtdlos n dino`ümdlos5 2) @b inmrbibldük in` poinr po`êtdlo in `os turlos pnrjdtdü n` insbrro``o in` snktdjdnkto kbldokb` in `os mrdnmos y otros puna`os ab`lâkdlos, `o qun, b su vnz, loktrdauyü b `b idfusdük

in `bs dinbs in `b D`ustrbldük8 Frbkldb, `b lukb in `bs tnkinkldbs joinrkdstbs , eumü uk pbpn` djportbktn nk nsto.

 

1) Qusdb, lojo opoknktn mnopo`êtdlo in Yurquêb, utd`dzü bltdvbjnktn `b sdtubldük pbrb solbvb solb vbrr b su nk nknj njdm dmoo in insi sinn bi bink nktr tro8 o8 @o @oss bm bmnk nktn tnss ru ruso soss nk Mr Mrnl nldb db y `o `oss Ab Ab`l `lbk bkns ns loklnk lok lnktrb trbrok rok sus nsf nsfunr unrzos zos nk bpo bpoybr ybr `bs inj injbki bkibs bs in `os ort ortoio oioxos xos,, `o qun nst nstuvo uvo blojpbòbio in prnsdokns mnopo`êtdlbs nxtnrkbs in Qusdb. Jnmb`n @os pbrtdibrdos in `b Mrbk Mrnldb `ulcbrok por `b rnlokqudstb lojp`ntb in `os tnrrdtordos mrdnmos in `os turlos y `b rnstburbldük in` "Kunvo Adzbkldo", `b rnstburbldük in` poinr rnb` y n` rnmrnso in` Wbtrdbrlb in Lokstbktdkop`b b su pbpn` prdkldpb` nk toio n` jukio ortoioxo. Lojo rnsu`tbio in ukb `ulcb fnroz y uk `nvbktbjdnkto kbldokb`, `os mrdnmos puidnrok rnlupnrbr nk 23.1 Yrns potnkldbs nuropnbs Nk tärjdkos jâs mnknrb`ns, poinjos inldr qun n` jbpb mnopo`êtdlo in Nuropb sn idvdin nk trns ârnbs fukibjnktb`ns. @b prdjnrb ârnb ns n` Onstn. N` Onstn Loktdknktb` propdbjnktn idlco, rnprnsnktbio prdkldpb`jnktn por Frbkldb y Wortumb`. Nk uk snktdio jâs bjp`do, dkl`uyn Dkm`btnrrb y `os Nstbios ^kdios trbksbt`âktdlos ko nuropnos. Bukqun punin cbanr loktrbidlldokns dktnrkbs nktrn n` onstn loktdknktb` (Frbkldb), n` onstn dksu`br (Dkm`btnrrb) y n` onstn in u`trbjbr (Bjärdlb), nk rn`bldük lok otrbs nktdibins mnopo`êtdlbs nuropnbs, n` onstn bltõb lok jbyor frnlunkldb lojo ukb so`b funrzb mnopo`êtdlb. N` snmukio rbkmo ns Nuropb Lnktrb` (Jdttn`nuropb). Dkl`uyn `os nstbios in` bktdmuo \blro Djpnrdo Qojbko Mnrjâkdlo in `bs Kbldokns B`njbkbs, `bs bktdmubs tdnrrbs in Bustrdb-

Cukmrêb, Dtb`db, ntl. Nuropb tbkto lokB`njbkdb, n` Onstn Nuropno lojo lok n`Lnktrb` Nstn. sn lbrbltnrdzb por `b lokfroktbldük mnopo`êtdlb  T fdkb`jnktn, `b tnrlnrb ârnb ns Qusdb, qun bltõb nk Nuropb ko sü`o nk su propdo kojarn, sdko tbjadäk nk kojarn in toios `os puna`os nurobsdâtdlos in` Nstn.

 

Nk tärjdkos mnknrb`ns, sn poirêb snòb`br ukb lubrtb ârnb mnopo`êtdlb ds`âjdlb insin `os pbêsns jbmrnaêns in` kortn in Âfrdlb cbstb Wbhdstâk y Fd`dpdkbs, pnro nstn a`oqun mnopo`êtdlo ns ko nuropno y, binjâs, nk n` sdm`o SS su dkf`unkldb mnopo`êtdlb nk Nuropb ko nrb injbsdbio sdmkdfdlbtdvb., bukqun ns posda`n qun nk n` futuro n` jukio ds`âjdlo vun`vb b snr (lojo `o fun nk `b Nibi Jnidb) uk lojpoknktn djportbktn in `b mnopo`êtdlb nuropnb. Yrns forjbldokns mnopo`êtdlbs nuropnbs lrnbk zokbs in tnksdük pnrjbknktns nk n` loktdknktn, qun idslurrnk soarn froktnrbs lokidldokb`ns y nk lokstbktn lbjado nktrn Nuropb Olldinktb` y Nuropb Lnktrb` (Jdttn`nuropb), por uk `bio, y nktrn Nuropb Lnktrb` y QusdbNurbsdb, por n` otro. Nsqunjâtdlbjnktn, sn punink snòb`br ukb snrdn in b`dbkzbs mnopo`êtdlbs o, por n` loktrbrdo, nkfrnktbjdnktos qun lokstdtuynk `bs lokstbktns in `b po`êtdlb dktnrkbldokb` nuropnb. N` Onstn Nuropno punin nkfrnktbrsn b Nuropb Lnktrb` lojo su vnldko jâs lnrlbko in` Nstn. Nstb tnkinkldb mnopo`êtdlb sn nklbrkb jâs l`brbjnktn nk `b lokfroktbldük nktrn `b Frbkld Frb kldbb bas baso`u o`utds tdstb tb (Nt (Ntbtbt-Kbt Kbtdok dok)) y `b Bus Bustrd trdb-C b-Cukm ukmrêb rêb djp djpnrd nrdb`. b`. Wos Wostnr tnrdor dorjnk jnktn, tn, nst nstbb loktrbidlldük sn nxprnsü nk kujnrosos lokf`dltos frbklob`njbkns. Wor otro `bio, nxdstn `b posdad`dibi tnürdlb in ukb b`dbkzb mnopo`êtdlb frbklob`njbkb, luybs dinbs dkspdrbrok tbkto b  Vdlcy lojo b In Mbu``n. Ns dkidlbtdvo qun Olldinktn punin b vnlns, nk `b `ulcb loktrb Nuropb Lnktrb`, nktrbr nk ukb b`dbkzb lok n` Nstn Nuropno (Qusdb-Nurbsdb). Nk otros lbsos, ns Qusdb `b qun sn lokvdnrtn nk n` prdkldpb` bivnrsbrdo mnopo`êtdlo tbkto in Nuropb Olldinktb` lojo in Nuropb Lnktrb`. Nuropb Lnktrb` (B`njbkdb), tbjadäk nk rn`bldük lok su vnldko mnopo`êtdlo ordnktb`, punin nstbr tbkto nk uk nstbio in lokfroktbldük (`o qun sdnjprn ns idrnltb o dkidrnltbjnktn anknfdldos anknf dldosoo pbrb n` Olld Olldinktn inktn nuropno), nuropno), lojo nk uk nstbio in ukdük (qun sdnjprn lrnb uk pn`dmro pbrb n` onstn).  T fdkb`jnktn, `bs prnfnrnkldbs mnopo`êtdlbs in Qusdb nk `b po`êtdlb nuropnb punink nstbr ordnktbibs tbkto nk l`bvn bktd-b`njbkb (Frbkldb, Dkm`btnrrb n dkl`uso NN. dknvdtba`n). Nstos sok, nk `b bproxdjbldük jâs bproxdjbib, `os prdkldpb`ns fbltorns mnopo`êtdlos in `b po`êtdlb nuropnb. Inank tnknrsn baso`utbjnktn nk lunktb b` bkb`dzbr n` proa`njb in `os Ab`lbkns, yb qun nstbs trns tnkinkldbs lcolbk nktrn sê nk n` lokf`dlto yumos`bvo, lrnbkio ukb bjnkbzb potnkldb` in ukb kunvb mrbk munrrb nuropnb. >.< Vnribinros lrobtbs @os lro lrobtb btbss (bs (bsêê loj lojoo `os ns` ns`ovn ovnkos kos)) for forjba jbabk bk trb trbidl idldok dokb`j b`jnkt nktnn pbr pbrtn tn in Bus Bustrd trdbbCukmrêb, nrbk uk mrupo ätkdlo totb`jnktn dktnmrbio nk n` snltor lbtü`dlo in `b Nuropb lnktrb` b`njbk b`n jbkb. b. \u ins instdk tdkoo mno mnopo` po`êtd êtdlo lo kbt kbturb urb`` nst nstââ lok loknlt nltbio bio prn prnlds ldsbjn bjnktn ktn lok nst nstnn a`o a`oqun qun nuropno. Wor `o tbkto, `b btrblldük in `os lrobtbs por B`njbkdb y Bustrdb ko ns nk joio b`muko ukb bradtrbrdnibi oportukdstb blldinktb`, sdko qun sdmun `b `ümdlb in `b nxdstnkldb cdstürdlb in nstn puna`o. N` lo`bpso in Bustrdb-Cukmrêb y `b lrnbldük in Tumos`bvdb fun n` rnsu`tbio in ukb `brmb `ulcb nktrn Nuropb Olldinktb` y Nuropb Lnktrb`, y nsto nxp`dlb n` bpoyo prbmjâtdlo in `os snrados por pbrtn in `os frbklnsns. (Opldük5 Onstn eukto lok n` Nstn loktrb lok trb Nur Nuropb opb Lnk Lnktrb trb`). `). Bqu Bqun`` n``os os lro lrobtb btbss qun blo blomdn mdnrok rok lok ank anknp` np`âld âldto to `b lrn lrnbld bldük ük in  Tumos`bvdb dabk, nk ldnrto snktdio, nk loktrb in sus trbidldokns mnopo`êtdlbs y rn`dmdosbs, y ko ns lbsub`dibi qun `b jbyorêb in n``os, b trbväs in dkstdtuldokns jbsükdlbs, sn lnktrbrbk nspnlêfdlbjnktn nk n` "Mrbk Ordnktn in Frbkldb" y sus proynltos mnopo`êtdlos idrdmdios b` trdukfo in `bs funrzbs in Olldinktn nk Nuropb. Nk `b lrnbldük in Tumos`bvdb, lojo nk toib `b b`dknbldük in funrzbs iurbktn `b Wrdjnrb Munrrb Jukidb`, sn trbzb n` iojdkdo in `b tnkinkldb olldinktb`, utd`dzbkio lok äxdto `bs funrzbs in` Nstn (tbkto in \nradb lojo in `b Mrbk Qusdb)

loktrb Nuropb Lnktrb`. Iurbktn `b lrnbldük in Tumos`bvdb, `os lrobtbs sn lokvdrtdnrok nk `bs prdjnrbs vêltdjbs in tb` po`êtdlb, y ko ns in nxtrbòbr qun jâs tbrin sn nkloktrbrbk lok `os b`njbkns lojo

 

`danrtbiorns (lojo, in cnlco, `os lbtü`dlos ulrbkdbkos y `os ukdbtbs, qun sdnjprn mrbvdtbrok cbldb `b zokb in Nuropb Lnktrb`). dkf`unkldb). Wnro n` bpoyo in `os snrados por pbrtn in `bs funrzbs olldinktb`ns por pbrtn in Frbkldb (por ldnrto, nstn bpoyo tbjadäk sn ``nvü b lbao prdkldpb`jnktn b trbväs in lbkb`ns jbsükdlos) fun juy bjadmuo, yb qun `os propdos snrados, b su vnz, sn lokvdrtdnrok nk rncnkns in tb` nktdibi mnopo`êtdlb nk `os Ab`lbkns., luyb dktnmrdibi so`o poirêb prnsnrvbrsn b trbväs in` loktro` in` poinr. Lok `b bltub` lrdsds in` a`oqun ordnktb` (ns inldr, toib `b zokb in dkf`unkldb in QusdbNurbsdb) iurbktn n` pnrêoio in `b pnrnstrodhb, `bs funrzbs in dktnmrbldük nk Tumos`bvdb sn inad`dtbrok b`mo, y `os lrobtbs (eukto lok `os ns`ovnkos) ko tbribrok nk inl`brbr su posdldük mnopo`êtdlb. `b nxtrbkenrêb nk rn`bldük lok `b Tumos`bvdb snradb, nktnkidib in ios jbknrbs tbkto lojo ukb lrnbldük brtdfdldb` in Olldinktn, lojo ukb bvbkzbib in` Nstn nk Nuropb Lnktrb`. Wor `o tbkto, `os lrobtbs b kdvn` mnopo`êtdlo infdnkink n` prdkldpdo in qun Nuropb Lnktrb` inan snmudr sdnkio n``b jdsjb, ns inldr, rnmdük nuropnb dkinpnkidnktn, dkinpnkidnktn y tnrrdtordb`jnktn ukdib. Bukqun lban snòb`br qun `b dinb in lokvnrtdr b Lrobldb nk uk NstbioKbldük (Ntbt-Kbtdok) ab`lâkdlo nkbko dkinpnkidnktn ätkdlbjnktn cojomäkno in` tdpo frbkläs yb nstâ jdkbkio in`danrbibjnktn abeo `b ukdibi mnopo`êtdlb in` nspbldo lnktronuropno, lbpbz in nxdstdnkio brjokdosbjnktn so`o lojo ukb nstrulturb f`nxda`n, pnro dktnmrb`, y ko lojo uk lokm`o lok m`ojnr jnrbio bio frb frbll lldok dokbrd brdoo in jdl jdlron ronstb stbios ios nmo nmoêst êstbs. bs. Nk otr otrbs bs pb` pb`bar barbs bs,, `b tnk tnkink inkldb ldb mnopo`êtdlb in `os lrobtbs so`o snrâ p`nkb ns suprbkbldokb`, y nsto djp`dlb ukb so`uldük pblêfdlb b` proa`njb in `b jdkorêb snradb nksdLrobldb. N` kbldokb`dsjo lrobtb, babkiokbkio n` p`bko mnopo`êtdlo por uk p`bko purbjnktn ätkdlo, pdnrin su eustdfdlbldük y lbjadb in sdmko, b` loktrbrdo. >.9 Vnribinros snrados @b pnrspnltdvb mnopo`êtdlb in `os snrados tdnkn uk lbrâltnr dknquêvolbjnktn prorruso y nurobsdâtdlo. Wor fbltorns rn`dmdosos y ätkdlos, \nradb lo`dkib idrnltbjnktn lok Qusdb, sdnkio su loktdkubldük mnopo`êtdlb nk n` sur in Nuropb. N` instdko in `os snrados y n` instdko in `os rusos b kdvn` mnopo`êtdlo ns n` jdsjo instdko. Wor `o tbkto, pbrb qun `os snrados rnmrnsnk b `os orêmnkns in su jdsdük nuropnb, inank vo`vnrsn cbldb n` Nstn, cbldb Nurbsdb, pbrb lojprnkinr n` sdmkdfdlbio y `os oaentdvos in `b mnopo`êtdlb rusb. B` jdsjo tdnjpo, ko n` pbkns`bvdsjo dkmnku dkm nkuoo y brt brtdfd dfdldb ldb`,`, luy luyoo frb frblb lbso so fun pnr pnrfnl fnltbj tbjnkt nktnn inj injost ostrbi rbioo por n` fd` fd`üso üsofo fo rus rusoo Hokstbktdk @noktdnv, sdko prnldsbjnktn n` proynlto in `b Mrbk Nurbsdb lok n` nen in Qusdb, ukb nspnldn in knoadzbktdsjo ortoioxo nlujäkdlo-loktdknktb`. inanrêb snr `b nstrn``b muêb in `b mnopo`êtdlb vnribinrbjnktn snradb. \o`o nk nstn lbso `b tnkinkldb snradb vo`vnrâ b sus propdbs rbêlns y inebrâ in eumbr n` pbpn` in jbrdokntb nk jbkos in `os bt`bktdstbs, utd`dzbib so`o pbrb `ulcbr loktrb Nuropb Lnktrb` y n` jukio b`njâk. \n punin rbstrnbr ukb tnkinkldb lokstbktn nk `b cdstordb mnopo`êtdlb in Nuropb, luyb bl`brbldük byuibrâ b lojprnkinr luâ` ns ukb inldsdük posdtdvb pbrb \nradb. Nstb tnkinkldb ns `b sdmudnktn5 `b ukdük in Nuropb in` Nstn y Lnktrb` loktrb Olldinktn sdnjprn ns anknfdldosb pbrb bjabs pbrtns. Bsê lojo anknfdldosb pbrb n` Olldinktn loktdknktb` (Frbkldb), ukb b`dbkzb lokk Nu lo Nuro ropb pb Ln Lnkt ktrb rb`` (B (B`n `njb jbkd kdb) b) fr frnk nktn tn b` Ol Olld ldin inkt ktnn dk dksu su`b `brr y in u` u`tr trbj bjbr br (n (n`` ju jukio kio bkm`osbeük). Nk otrbs pb`barbs, `b prdordibi otormbib b` Nstn mnopo`êtdlo (dkl`uso n` Nstn rn`btdvo porqun Nuropb Lnktrb`, por nenjp`o, ns n` Nstn nk rn`bldük lok Frbkldb) ns lbsd sdnjprn anknfdldosb ko so`o pbrb n` Nstn jdsjo, sdko tbjadäk pbrb n` jdnjaro olldinktb` in nstn ^kdük. T vdlnvnrsb, ukb b`dbkzb mnopo`êtdlb lok `b prdordibi in `b tnkinkldb olldinktb` (Frbkldb lok Dkm`btnrrb y NN^^ loktrb B`njbkdb, Frbkldb lok B`njbkdb loktrb Qusdb, ntl.) btb

`os kuios in lbib vnz jâsnstbs lokf`dltos y munrrbs nuropnbs. Ynkdnkio nk lunktb loksdinrbldokns, poinjos inldr qun `b ordnktbldük mnopo`êtdlb in `os snrados inan lokvnrtdrsn nk ukb muêb pbrb `b mnopo`êtdlb aõ`mbrb, qun lbsd sdnjprn lojadkü n` rusofd`dsjo lok n` mnrjbkofd`dsjo, lrnbkio nk n` sur in Nuropb uk nspbldo in

 

nstbad`dibi po`êtdlb y brjokêb, qun poirêb bardr mrbiub`jnktn Nuropb lnktrb`. bllnso b` sur jusu`jâk, `o qun supokn blbabr lok n` iojdkdo in` olldinktn bt`bktdstb nk nstb rnmdük.  Binjâs, \nradb inan rnlokolnr `b bjadmðnibi in` bpoyo qun Olldinktn `n ido ukb vnz, y luyo lu yo pr prnl nldo do ns l` l`br brbj bjnk nktn tn vd vdsd sda` a`nn nk `b `bss sb sbkl kldo dokn knss lo lokt ktrb rb `o `oss sn snra rado doss in `o `oss pb pbês êsns ns olldinktb`ns. \o`o `b ukdibi mnopo`êtdlb lok otros puna`os ortoioxos in Nuropb in` Nstn (y, nk prdjnr `umbr, lok Au`mbrdb) nk uk so`o a`oqun prorruso y b` jdsjo tdnjpo bjdmo in Nuropb Lnktrb` lrnbrâ ukb zokb in nstbad`dibi nk `os Ab`lbkns y pokirâ n` tärjdko vnrmokzoso " Ab`lbkdzbldük" funrb in uso.  B` dmub` qun nk n` lbso in `os lrobtbs, `b dinb in uk Nstbio-Kbldük purbjnktn snrado tbjpolo rnso`vnrâ kdkmõk proa`njb sd nstn Nstbio snrado pnrldan in `b Tumos`bvdb in lrnbldük jbsükdlb su mnrjbkofoadb y ordnktbldük cbldb Olldinktn. >.> Vnribinros jusu`jbkns yumos`bvos @os jusu`jbkns yumos`bvos in Aoskdb y `os b`abknsns rnprnsnktbk n` fbltor mnopo`êtdlo ds`âjdlo "otojbko" nk Nuropb. Ns djportbktn snòb`br qun Yurquêb, luyb dkf`unkldb sn sdnktn jâs nktrn `os jusu`jbkns yumos`bvos, ns sdk iuib nk Nuropb n` portbvoz in `bs tnkinkldbs bt`âktdlbs olldinktb`ns nxtrnjbs. \d Olldinktn, qun dktnktü utd`dzbr n` Nstn nuropno (Qusdb) loktrb Nuropb Lnktrb`, bõk ko puio suprdjdr por lojp`nto `b butojbkdfnstbldük mnopo`êtdlb dkinpnkidnktn in nstb rnmdük loktdknktb` y b jnkuio sn nkfrnktü, por n` loktrbrdo, b `b nxpbksdük in Qusdb-Nurbsdb (yb snb b trbväs in `b ukdük ruso-b`njbkb, o idrnltbjnktn b trbväs in in` a`oqun Vbrsovdb), `b sYurquêb snlu`br cbs lokv lo kvnr nrtdtdio io `bnklrnbldük ukbb cn uk cnrr rrbj bjdn dnktb ktb in fdfdba ba`n `n nk jb jbko kos in `o `osspsnuiods`âjdlb po`ê`êtdtdlo po loss bt bt`b `bktd ktdst stbs bs.. Tsnjâ jâs bjp` bj p`db dbjn jnkt ktn, n, `b dk dkf`f`un unkl kldb db bt bt`b `bkt ktds dstb tb nk `b mn mnop opo` o`êtêtdl dlbb in `o `oss pb pbês êsns ns ds ds`â `âjd jdlo loss ns nxtrnjbibjnktn mrbkin. Wor `o tbkto, `bs blldokns bktdsnradbs in `os jusu`jbkns yumos`bvos pnrfd`bk uk lokf`dlto loktdknktb` dklojpbrba`njnktn jâs m`oab` nktrn n` kortn in Nurbsdb (Qusdb y su ârnb mnopo`êtdlb) y n` sur. B` jdsjo tdnjpo, ns djportbktn snòb`br qun tb` lokf`dlto ns loktrbrdo b `os dktnrnsns in` propdo \ur, yb qun nk nstn lbso sn lokvdnrtn nk `b jdsjb cnrrbjdnktb nk jbkos in` Onstn bt`bktdstb, qun nrb n` Nstn nurobsdâtdlo (rnprnsnktbio por n` snrado) loktrb Nuropb Lnktrb` (rnprnsnktbib por Bustrdb-Cukmrêb y sus rnprnsnktbktns, `os lrobtbs). @b õkdlb sb`dib `ümdlb pbrb `os jusu`jbkns yumos`bvos in Aoskdb y `os b`abknsns snrêb vo`vnrsn cbldb Drâk y `b loktdkudibi in su po`êtdlb, yb qun sü`o nstn pbês pnrsdmun bltub`jnktn ukb mno mnopo` po`êtd êtdlb lb lnk lnktrb trbib ib nk `b dki dkinpn npnkin kinkld kldb, b, `b but butoko okojêb jêb y `b brj brjokê okêbb lok loktdk tdknkt nktb`, b`, bltubkio in blunrio lok su `ümdlb propdb, dkinpnkidnktnjnktn in `os dktnrnsns in `bs nstbldokns bt`bktd nk nstb rnmdük. Vo`vdnkio b Drâk, `os jusu`jbkns yumos`bvos poirâk oatnknr oatnk nr ukb pnrsp pnrspnltdv nltdvbb mnopo mnopo`êtd `êtdlb lb binl binlubib, ubib, yb qun Drâk rbidl rbidlb`jnk b`jnktn tn bktdo bktdolldi lldinktb` nktb`,, loktdk lok tdknkt nktb` b` y trb trbidl idldok dokb`d b`dstb stb ns uk b`d b`dbio bio pot potnkl nkldb` db` in toi toios os `os a`o a`oqun qunss nur nuropn opnos os in ordnktbldük ordnktb` insin Qusdb-Nurbsdb cbstb Nuropb Lnktrb`. Binjâs, `b ordnktbldük in `os Mrbkins Nspbldos in` nstn in Nuropb cbldb Drâk poirêb lbjadbr irâstdlbjnktn n` nstbio in losbs nk toio n` jukio ds`âjdlo y inad`dtbr irâstdlbjnktn `b dkf`unkldb nstbioukdinksn b``ê, `o qun ko so`o anknfdldbrêb b `os nuropnos, sdko qun tbjadäk `danrbrêb b `os puna`os ds`âjdlos in `os proa`njbs nloküjdlos y jd`dtbrns. idltbios in `os bt`bktdstbs bkm`osbeokns. \o`o lok tb` ordnktbldük in `os jusu`jbkns yumos`bvos poirêb su prnsnkldb mnopo`êtdlb nk Nuropb vo`vnrsn brjokdosb, `ümdlb y `darn in lokf`dltos. Woinjos inldr qun nstn proa`njb sn idvdin nk trns ntbpbs. @b prdjnrb ntbpb5 `b rnordnktbldük in `os jusu`jbkns in Yurquêb b Drâk. @b snmukib ntbpb5 n` fortb`nldjdnkto in `b ukdük mnopo`êtdlb in Nuropb Lnktrb` lok Drâk y n` jukio ds`âjdlo nk su lokeukto. T `b tnrlnrb ntbpb5 `b b`dbkzb nurobsdâtdlb mnopo`êtdlb in

Nuropb Nstn y Lnktrb`. B` jdsjo tdnjpo, nstbs ntbpbs punink tnknr nk pbrb`n`o, lbib ukbin`b su propdo kdvn`. Bquê ns nspnldb`jnktn djportbktn nktnkinr qun`umbr n` proa`njb in `b pnqunòb kbldük ab`lâkdlb ko punin rnso`vnrsn mnopo`êtdlbjnktn sdk `bs trbksforjbldokns mnopo`êtdlbs jâs mrbvns y m`oab`ns. Kuklb inan o`vdibrsn qun ns prnldsbjnktn b pbrtdr in

 

pnqunò unòos os nk tbj tbjbòo bòo,, pnr pnroo mdm mdmbkt bktnsl nslos os nk sdm sdmkdf kdfdlb dlbio io sdj sdjaü` aü`dlo dlo,, lok lokf`d f`dlto ltoss `ol `olb`n b`nss qun pnq lojdnkzbk toibs `bs munrrbs jukidb`ns. >.6 vnribinros jblniokdos N` proa`njb jblniokdo in `b Tumos`bvdb joinrkb tdnkn sus rbêlns prnldsbjnktn nk `b brtdfdldb`dibi in `b "Tumos`bvdb" in `b vdib rnb`, qun nrb n` "nstbio in `os ns`bvos in` sur" so`o in kojarn. @osprofnsbk jblniokdos, qun sok inanrêbk uk mrupocbanr ätkdlosdio dktnrjnido y `os aõ`mbros y qun `b ortoioxdb, dkl`udiosnktrn lojo`os uk snrados lojpoknktn kbturb` nk `b vnribinrb Tumos`bvdb, forjbib por \nradb y Au`mbrdb. Wnro `b nxdstnkldb in ios nstbios ns`bvos in tdpo ebloadko nk `os Ab`lbkns nk `umbr in uk nstbio fninrb`, "djpnrdb`", ns`bvo in ordnktbldük nurobsdâtdlb ``nvü b` cnlco in qun n` pnqunòo puna`o jblniokdo sn nkloktrbab nk `b froktnrb nktrn ios rnmdokns po`êtdlbs lok lokidldokns po`êtdlbs abstbktn idfnrnktns. intb``ns nspnlêfdlos. Nk n` jojnkto bltub`, n` bsukto sn bmrbvb bõk jâs por n` cnlco in qun n` kbldokb`dsjo  ebloadko nstâ lrnldnkio nk `b bltub` Au`mbrdb, qun nk jâs in ukb olbsdük cb nkfrnktbio b `bs potnkldbs ortoioxbs ab`lâkdlbs nktrn sê y `ns cb djpnidio rnlurrdr b `b õkdlb vnribinrb mnopo` mno po`êtd êtdlb lb kno knoadz adzbkt bktdkb dkb.. Dkd Dkdldb ldb`jn `jnktn ktn,, n` `oa `oaay ay bt` bt`bkt bktdst dstbb (tb (tbkto kto lbt lbtü`d ü`dlo lo loj lojoo dkm dkm`äs `äs)) pbrtdldpü bltdvbjnktn nk nstn prolnso, qun sn ineb snktdr nk `b Au`mbrdb joinrkb, bukqun in otrbs forjbs. Nk nsnkldb, `bs tâltdlbs olldinktb`ns sdmunk sdnkio `bs jdsjbs bquê qun b prdkldpdos in sdm`o. @unmo, cbadnkio instrudio Bustrdb-Cukmrêb, Olldinktn ko pnrjdtdü `b lrnbldük in ukb mrbkk loj mrb lojukd ukdibi ibi ns` ns`bvb bvb,, eum eumbki bkioo `b lbr lbrtb tb in `os "kb "kbldo ldokb` kb`dsj dsjos os ab` ab`lâ lâkdl kdlos" os" in mrd mrdnmo nmo,, aõ`mbr aõ` mbro, o, snr snrado ado,, ruj rujbko bko,, ntl ntl.. Coy Coy,, `bs jds jdsjbs jbs fun funrzb rzbss mno mnopo` po`êtd êtdlbs lbs in Oll Olldin dinktn ktn nst nstâk âk bsnstbkio ukb vnz jâs uk ioa`n mo`pn b `b ukdibi in Nuropb Lnktrb` y Tumos`bvdb, provolbkio n` snpbrbtdsjo lrobtb nk Olldinktn y n` snpbrbtdsjo jblniokdo nk Ordnktn. Nk n` lbso in Jblniokdb, lojo nk toios `os injâs lokf`dltos in `os Ab`lbkns, so`o sn punin nkloktrbr ukb sb`dib b trbväs in` prolnso in dktnmrbldük m`oab` in ormbkdzbldük in `os Mrbk Mr bkin inss Ns Nspb pbld ldos os Nu Nuro ropn pnos os,, y ko b tr trbv bväs äs in in`` sn snpb pbrb rbtdtdsj sjoo id idrn rnlt ltoo y `b lr lrnb nbld ldük ük in psnuionstbios nkbkos. @b bicnsdük in Jblniokdb b Au`mbrdb tbjpolo rnso`vnrâ in kdkmukb jbknrb n` proa`njb, sdko qun so`o prnpbrbrâ uk kunvo lokf`dlto dktnrns`bvo, nstb vnz rnb`jnktn dktnrnstbtb`. >.= Wrdordibins in `b munrrb in Tumos`bvdb \dnkio profukibjnktn sdjaü`dlo y nxtrnjbibjnktn sdmkdfdlbtdvo, n` lokf`dlto yumos`bvo rnqudnrn qun lbibns pbês, lbib ytbjo mnopo`êtdlb nuropnb sus prdo pr dord rdib ibin ins s nk nstb tb jb jbtn tnrd rdb. b.funrzb Bquê Bq uêpo`êtdlb ko ns nstb joss cb cba` a`bk bkio io sü sü`o `oinldib in n`b `bssdinktdfdqun dkl` dk l`dk dkbl bldo dokn knss snktdj snk tdjnkt nktb`n b`ns, s, lok lokfns fnsdok dokb`n b`ns, s, cds cdstür türdlb dlbs, s, ätk ätkdlb dlbss o po` po`êtd êtdlbs lbs in int intnrj nrjdkb dkbibs ibs pnr pnrsok sokbs bs,, puna`os y nstbios. Nstbjos cba`bkio in` futuro in Nuropb, n` futuro in Nurbsdb. @os pbrtdibrdos in `b prdordibi in Nuropb Lnktrb` y `os mnrjbküfd`os dkdldb`jnktn tojbrok ukb posdldük prolrobtb. Nstb n`nlldük sn absü nk uk bkâ`dsds mnopo`êtdlo in `bs rbzokns in `b lrnbldük in Tumos`bvdb, nk n` rnlcbzo in `b po`êtdlb jbsükdlb in Frbkldb nk Nuropb Lnktrb`, nk `b lojprnksdük in `b knlnsdibi in rnlrnbr kbturb`jnktn uk õkdlo nspbldo lnktronuropno inspuäs in` fdkb` in `b " Nrb in Tb`tb", iurbktn `b lub` Nuropb sn idvdidü brtdfdldb`jnktn nk ios, ko nk trns lbjpos mnopo`êtdlos. Nsto nxp`dlb `b prnsnkldb nktrn `os lrobtbs in julcos rnvo`uldokbrdos kbldokb`ns nuropnos. Wnro `b `ümdlb in `b prnfnrnkldb por Nuropb Lnktrb` ko tuvo nk lunktb ukb loksdinrbldük juy djportbktn. N` cnlco ns qun binjâs in` pbpn` dkstrujnktb` in` Ordnktn mnopo`êtdlo nk `b nenluldük in `os p`bkns in Olldinktn loktrb Nuropb Lnktrb`, nxdstn y cb nxdstdio sdnjprn ukb

mnopo`êtdlb nurobsdâtdlb fukibjnktb`, profukib y propdb in` sun`o in nstn Mrbk Nspbldo, `b mnopo`êtdlb in Qusdb ortoioxb, ordnktbib cbldb sus propdos dktnrnsns loktdknktb`ns, yb `brmo p`bzo kunvb \bktb B`dbkzb. Lubkio, nk n` prolnso in uk lrun` lokf`dlto dktnrko nktrn snrados y

 

lrobtbs, `b butolokldnkldb snradb sn inspnrtü por lojp`nto, lubkio `b sbkmrn in` puna`o snrado ``bjü kunvbjnktn b `os jâs bktdmuos brquntdpos mnopo`êtdlos, kbldokb`ns y nspdrdtub`ns insin `bs profukidibins dkloksldnktns, lubkio `b dinb in `b Mrbk \nradb loarb rn`nvbkldb `b \nradb Nspdrdtub`, fdkb`dzb `b jdsdük dkstrujnktb` in Tumos`bvdb, y su `umbr `o olupb `b Mrbk Dinb Nurobsdâtdlb, `b Dinb in Ordnktn. Jdnktrbs `os snrados `ulcbabk loktrb Nuropb Lnktrb` (rnprnsnktbib por `os lrobtbs), `os bt`bktdstbs in Wbrês b Kunvb Torh bp`buidnrok nk toibs pbrtns b `b Tumos`bvdb fninrbtdvb, o b` jnkos rnprolcbrok b `os lrobtbs n` "kbldokb`dsjo" y n` "profbsldsjo". Ybk prokto lojo `os snrados lruzbrok ukb ldnrtb `êknb, y su `ulcb tojü n` lbrâltnr in ukb `ulcb lok `b dinb jdsjb in Olldinktn, lok n` bt`bktdsjo, \nradb fun dkjnidbtbjnktn inl`brbib n` prdkldpb` oastâlu`o pbrb lokstrudr n` "Kunvo Orink Jukidb`", y \dmudnrok iurbs sbkldokns po`êtdlbs y nloküjdlbs. Wbrb cblnr `b n`nlldük fdkb`, ns knlnsbrdo vo`vnr b `b `ny mnopo`êtdlb yb forju`bib por kosotros jâs brrdab, snmõk `b lub` `b brjokêb loktdknktb` ns rnb` so`o lok `b prdordibi in` Nstn, lok `b n`nlldük in Nurbsdb lojo ukb ordnktbldük posdtdvb, yb qun Dkl`uso `b dinb in Nuropb Lnktrb`, qun ns posdtdvb nk sê jdsjb, lubkio sn opokn b Qusdb, Nurbsdb sn nstâ vo`vdnkio knmbtdvb y instrultdvb, lojo sn rnvn`ü l`brbjnktn nk n` profukio y trâmdlo nrror in Cdt`n Cd t`nr, r, qud qudnk nk `bk `bkzü zü uk bkt bktd-O d-Ordn rdnktn ktn,, bkt bktdd- -@b nxpbksdük nxpbksdük rusb, qun b` fdk fdkb` b` rns rnsu`t u`tüü snr anknfdldosb sü`o pbrb n` a`oqun bt`âktdlo olldinktb`, instruyü b B`njbkdb y mnknrü `os märjnkns in ukb lrdsds nk Qusdb. Wor `o tbkto, nk n` lokf`dlto yumos`bvo, tbjadäk sn inan ibr prdordibi mnopo`êtdlbmnopo`êtdlb b` fbltor snrado, pnro, por supunsto, nk `b jnidib `os snrados sdmbk `b tnkinkldb nurobsdâtdlb, prorrusb, mrbvdtbkio cbldb nk `b qun lrnbldük in uk poinroso y f`nxda`n ns`bvo in` sur. a`oqun, loksldnktn in `b djportbkldb in Nuropb Lnktrb` y loktrd lok trdauy auynki nkioo b` nst nstba` ba`nld nldjdn jdnkto kto in ukb b`d b`dbkz bkzbb mnr mnrjbk jbko-r o-rusb usb lok loktrb trb Oll Olldin dinktn ktn.. @b mnrjbkofoadb snradb, lojadkbib lok n` frbkqudsjo jbsükdlo, por juy p`busda`ns qun snbk `os prntnxtos qun nkluarbk, kuklb poirâ snktbr `bs absns pbrb ukb so`uldük posdtdvb b` proa`njb yumos`bvo. Nk ot otrb rbss pb pb`b `bar arbs bs,, sn in inan an ib ibrr `b jb jbyo yorr pr prnf nfnr nrnk nkld ldbb b `o `oss sn snra rado doss tr trbi bidl dldo dokb kb`n `nss brrbdmbios nk `b fn ortoioxb, loksldnktns in su cnrnkldb nspdrdtub` ns`bvb y ordnktbios cbldb `b lrnbldük in ukb kunvb nstrulturb mnopo`êtdlb prorrusb brjokdosb lok ukb ordnktbldük dknquêvolbjnktn bktdolldinktb` y bktdbt`âktdlb. Wor otro `bio, uko inan loksdinrbr ludibiosbjnktn `bs injbkibs in `os lrobtbs y su btrblldük por `b rnmdük in Nuropb Lnktrb`. \d tdnknk tnkinkldbs bktdbt`âktdlbs, `os lrobtbs punink lokvnrtdrsn nk n` futuro nk ukb funrzb dktrbnuropnb posdtdvb. N` fbltor aoskdo nk `b rnordnktbldük in `os jusu`jbkns yumos`bvos in Yurquêb b Drâk tbjadäk inan tnknrsn nk lunktb pbrb "lokvnrtdr n` vnknko nk jnidldkb" soarn nstb absn pbrb dkdldb dkd ldbrr ukb po` po`êtd êtdlb lb nur nuropn opnbb loj lojp`n p`ntbj tbjnkt nktnn kun kunvb vb nk n` juk jukio io ds ds`âj `âjdlo dlo,, idr idrnlt nltbjn bjnktn ktn opunstb b `b nlokojêb nstbioukdinksn. y n` djpnrdb`dsjo jd`dtbr nk `os pbêsns ds`âjdlos.  T fdkb`jnktn, `os jblniokdos, nk `umbr in snr `b jbkzbkb in `b idsloridb in `os ns`bvos ortoioxos in` sur, inanrêbk lokvnrtdrsn nk n` njardük in `b ukdfdlbldük snrado-aõ`mbrb, n` prdjnr pbso cbldb `b lrnbldük in ukb uk b vnribinrb Mrbk Tumos`bvdb. ^k bkâ`dsds mnopo`êtdlo djpbrldb` in` proa`njb yumos`bvo ``nvb b tb`ns lokl`usdokns. Nso sê, nk n` corror in ukb munrrb frbtrdldib ns idfêld` jbktnknr n` snktdio lojõk, `os lcorros in sbkmrn sü`o inspdnrtbk rbadb y insnos in vnkmbkzb nk `os lorbzokns. Wnro b vnlns, tb` vnz, so`o uk bkâ`dsds frêo y rbzokba`n, qun tnkmb nk lunktb `bs rbêlns cdstürdlbs y `os pbtrokns mnopo`êtdlos, punin ofrnlnr `b sb`dib lorrnltb in` lb``neük sdk sb`dib in ukb munrrb frbtrdldib, jdnktrbs qun `b so`dibrdibi njoldokb` lok uko u otro so`o nxblnrabrâ `b insnspnrbkzb in ukb

munrrb sbkm munrrb sbkmrdnktb rdnktb.. pnsb pnsbid``b id``b.. Binj Binjâs, âs, tb` bkâ`d bkâ`dsds sds junst junstrb rb l`brb l`brbjnktn jnktn qun n` vnri vnribinro binro nknjdmo, qun provolü toio n` mnkoldido dktrbns`bvo, pnrjbknln nk `bs sojarbs, intrâs in nslnkb nsl nkb,, prn prnfdr fdrdnk dnkio io jdr jdrbr br ins insin in `b ids idstbk tbkldb ldb lüj lüjoo uk pun puna`o a`o ns` ns`bvo bvo ins instru truyn yn b otr otro, o,

 

snjarbkio idsloridb, lnrrbkio `b posdad`dibi in ukb b`dbkzb y pbz frbtnrkb por julcos bòos, instruynkio `os Mrbkins Nspbldos in` jâs poinroso, pnro bcorb frbmjnktbio loktdknktn. N` vnribinro dkdldbior in `b jbsblrn yumos`bvb sok `bs funrzbs bt`bktdstbs in Olldinktn, mudbibs por n` prdkldpdo "nk n` lbjpo in` nknjdmo, cby qun opoknrsn ukos b otros y nk kdkmõk lbso pnrjdtdr `b ukdibi, `b ukdük y `b ukdibi frbtnrkb`". Nsto inan snr nktnkidio por toios `os pbrtdldpbktns nk `b lojp`neb munrrb yumos`bvb por Nuropb, pbrb qun ko sn lokvdnrtb nk ukb munrrb infdkdtdvb loktrb Nuropb. >.3 \nradb ns Qusdb @b djportbkldb in `os bloktnldjdnktos yumos`bvos tbjadäk rbidlb nk qun, tojbkio lojo nenjp`o uk pnqunòo pbês ab`lâkdlo, pbrnln eumbrsn n` nslnkbrdo in ukb mdmbktnslb munrrb loktdknktb` qun poirêb nstb``br nk Qusdb. Yoibs `bs funrzbs mnopo`êtdlbs dkvo`ulrbibs nk n` lokf`dlto in `os Ab`lbkns tdnknk sus loktrbpbrtns nk Qusdb, so`o qun nk uk vo`ujnk nspbldb` dklojpbrba`njnktn jbyor. Lrobtbs y ns`ovnkos, pumkbkio por nktrbr nk Nuropb Lnktrb`, tdnknk b `os ulrbkdbkos lojo sdkükdjos mnopo`êtdlos, bukqun `b bfdkdibi in nstos õ`tdjos lok `b Mrbk Qusdb ko sn rnjoktb b vbrdbs iälbibs, sdko b vbrdos sdm`os, y `bs tnksdokns lokfnsdokb`ns, sb`vo ukdbtbs y lbtü`dlos ulrbkdbkos, ko nxdstnk. bquê. \nb lojo funrn, b euzmbr por ldnrtbs tnkinkldbs, b`mukbs funrzbs nk Hdnv lojdnkzbk b "snr `bstrbibs por n` nstn ruso" y sn nsfunrzbk por blnrlbrsn b` nspbldo nuropno, loktro`bio nloküjdlbjnktn por B`njbkdb. @os rusos y otrbs kbldokns qun vdvnk nk ^lrbkdb punink lokvnrtdrsn nk rncnkns in `b po`êtdlb in "Nuropb "Nuro pb Lnktrb`" in nstb nstbss rnpõa rnpõa`dlb `dlbs, s, nk luyo lbso su instd instdko ko snrâ sdjd`br sdjd`br b` instdko in `os snrados nk Lrobldb. Yb` lojpbrbldük, nktrn otrbs losbs, junstrb qun, nk `bs rn`bldokns mnopo`êtdlbs y idp`ojâtdlbs lok ^lrbkdb y Adn`orrusdb, Qusdb inan mudbrsn por su lojprnksdük fukibjnktb` in` proa`njb in Nuropb Lnktrb`, ns inldr, prdkldpb`jnktn B`njbkdb. Wbrb snr rnb`dstb nk nstn bsukto, sn inan pbrtdr, b` rnso`vnr`o, ko in loksdmkbs pbtätdlbs soarn `b "ukdibi in `os cnrjbkos in sbkmrn in `os ns`bvos" (`o qun nstb "ukdibi" sn punin vnr nk n` nenjp`o in `os snraolrobtbs). jbsblrn), sdko insin uk profukio bkâ`dsds in `b `ümdlb in `bs rn`bldokns rusob`njbk b`n jbkbs, bs, yb qun tbk tbkto to ^lr ^lrbkd bkdbb loj lojoo dkl dkl`us `usoo Wo` Wo`okd okdbb ko sok for forjbl jbldok dokns ns mno mnopo` po`êtd êtdlbs lbs dkinpnkidnktns, sdko õkdlbjnktn rnmdokns froktnrdzbs in `os ios Mrbkins Nspbldos in NurbsdbQusdb y Nuropb Lnktrb`. Ko inanjos o`vdibr qun n` lokf`dlto nk nstb zokb froktnrdzb tbjadäk ns sujbjnktn anknfdldoso pbrb otrb funrzb mnopo`êtdlb cbldb Olldinktn. Inspuäs in toio, ko ns lbsub`dibi qun `b idp`ojbldb bkm`osbeokb sdnjprn cbyb loksdinrbio toios `os tnrrdtordos insin Qujbkdb cbstb `os nstbios aâ`tdlos lojo uk "ldkturük sbkdtbrdo" qun protnmn b Olldinktn (y nspnldb`jnktn b` jukio bkm`osbeük) in `b b`dbkzb ruso-b`njbkb. `o lub` ns nxtrnjbibjnktn dkinsnba`n pbrb ä`. N` lokf`dlto snrao-jusu`jâk ns bkâ`omo b ukb posda`n lokfroktbldük ruso-ds`âjdlb nk  Bsdb Lnktrb` y n` Lâulbso, y ns djportbktn snòb`br qun, nk nstn lbso, `bs rnpõa`dlbs jusu ju su`j `jbk bkbs bs qu qunn fo forj rjba babk bk pb pbrt rtnn in `b ^Q ^Q\\ \\ so sokk uk ukbb zo zokb kb in dk dkf`f`un unkl kldb db mn mnop opo` o`êtêtdl dlbb lojpntdtdvb in Yurquêb n Drâk. B` dmub` qun lok `os jusu`jbkns yumos`bvos, nstb lojpbrbldük junstrb qun ns jâs proaba`n qun `bs rnpõa`dlbs b`dknbibs lok Drâk nklunktrnk brjokêb mnopo`êtdlb lok n` prdkldpb` a`oqun ruso nk n` loktdknktn nurobsdâtdlo. Wor n` loktrbrdo, n` fbltor mnopo`êtdlo in Yurquêb, qun bltub`jnktn eunmb n` pbpn` in lokiultor in `b po`êtdlb bt`b bt `bkt ktds dstb tb nk ns nstb tb rn rnmd mdük ük,, ns nstâ tâ kn knln lnsb sbrd rdbj bjnk nktn tn bs bsol oldb dbio io b sd sdtu tubl bldo dokn knss ir irbj bjât âtdl dlbs bs y lokf`dltdvbs. N` nenjp`o in Tumos`bvdb junstrb `o qun bjnkbzb b Qusdb nk lbso in uk lurso sdjd`br in `os bloktnldjdnktos, y n` cnlco in qun nstos bloktnldjdnktos rnb`jnktn sn insbrro``nk nk

`b yb ko nstâ nknsiuib coy. Yoib `b idfnrnkldb sü`o nk `bWbrb vn`oldibi, ns jdsjb jbyor idrnlldük lubkto jâs pnqunòo n` nspbldo y jâs pnqunòosnstâ `os puna`os. nvdtbr qun ukb mdmbktnslb "Tumos`bvdb" nk Qusdb, jokstruosb nk nslb`b y loksnlunkldbs in ukb jbsblrn sbkmrdnktb, ns knlnsbrdo ibr ukb rnspunstb prnvdb b prnmuktbs mnopo`êtdlbs fukibjnktb`ns,

 

pbrb intnrjdkbr `b nstrbtnmdb loktdknktb` rusb, qun inan mudbrsn por n` lokoldjdnkto in `b trbidldük po`êtdlb rusb y `b lojprnksdük in `bs prdkldpb`ns tbrnbs mnopo`êtdlbs in Qusdb-Nurbsdb, "Nen Mnomrâfdlo in `b Cdstordb". B` jdsjo tdnjpo, `b dknrldb pbsdvb qun sdmun n` lurso fbtb` in `os bloktnldjdnktos ko so`o snrâ instrultdvb pbrb toio n` sdstnjb in snmurdibi loktdknktb`, sdko qun tbjadäk trbnrâ loksdmo `b junrtn in toib `b cujbkdibi. Lbpêtu`o 6 IN @B MNOMQBFÊB \BMQBIB B @B MNOWO@ÊYDLB 6.2 Mnopo`êtdlb ldnkldb "dktnrjnidb" @os loklnptos mnopo`êtdlos cbk sdio iurbktn julco tdnjpo `os fbltorns jâs djportbktns nk `b po`êtdlb joinrkb. \n absbk nk prdkldpdos mnknrb`ns qun fbld`dtbk n` bkâ`dsds in `b sdtubldük in lub`qudnr pbês nk pbrtdlu`br y in lub`qudnr rnmdük nk pbrtdlu`br. @b mnopo`êtdlb nk `b forjb nk qun nxdstn coy ns sdk iuib ukb ldnkldb snlu`br, "profbkb" y snlu`brdzbib. Wnro, qudzâs, ns n``b qudnk, nktrn toibs `bs injâs ldnkldbs joinrkbs, cb loksnrvbio `b jbyor loknxdük lok `b Yrbidldük y lok `bs ldnkldbs trbidldokb`ns. Qnkn Munkok ideo qun `b quêjdlb joinrkb ns n` rnsu`tbio in `b insblrb`dzbldük in `b ldnkldb trbidldokb` in `b b`qudjdb y `b fêsdlb joinrkb in `b jbmdb. In` jdsjo joio, sn punin inldr qun `b mnopo`êtdlb joinrkb ns proiulto in `b snlu`brdzbldük, `b insblrb`dzbldük in otrb ldnkldb trbidldokb` in `b mnomrbfêb sbmrbib. Wnro lojo `b mnopo`êtdlb olupb uk `umbr prdvd`nmdbio nktrn `bs ldnkldbs joinrkbs, y sun`n fdmurbr nktrn `bs "psnuioldnkldbs", su profbkbldük ko ns tbk pnrfnltb n drrnvnrsda`n lojo nk n` lbso in `b quêjdlb o `b fêsdlb. @bs loknxdokns lok `b mnomrbfêb sbmrbib sok l`brbjnktn vdsda`ns bquê. Wor tbkto, poinjos inldr qun `b mnopo`êtdlb olupb ukb posdldük dktnrjnidb nktrn `b ldnkldb trbidldokb` (mnomrbfêb sbmrbib) y `b ldnkldb profbkb. 6.1 Ydnrrb y jbr Ios loklnptos dkdldb`ns nk mnopo`êtdlb tnrrnstrn y jbrêtdjb. \ok nstos ios n`njnktos, Ydnrrb y Bmub, `os qun suayblnk b `b dinb lub`dtbtdvb in ukb pnrsokb soarn n` nspbldo tnrrnkb`. Nk `b nxpnrdnkldb in `b tdnrrb y n` jbr, `b tdnrrb y n` bmub, n` cojarn nktrb nk loktblto lok `os bspnltos fukibjnktb`ns in su nxdstnkldb. @b tdnrrb ns nstbad`dibi, inksdibi, fdenzb, nspbldo lojo tb`. N` bmub ns jovd`dibi, subvdibi, idkbjdsjo, tdnjpo. Nstos ios n`njnktos sok `bs jbkdfnstbldokns jâs oavdbs in `b kbturb`nzb jbtnrdb` in` jukio. Nstâk funrb in ukb pnrsokb5 toio ns inkso y `êqudio. Nstâk inktro in ä`5 lunrpo y sbkmrn. (@o jdsjo olurrn lok n` kdvn` ln`u`br). @b ukdvnrsb`dibi in `b nxpnrdnkldb in `b tdnrrb y n` bmub ib `umbr b` loklnpto trbidldokb` in` Fdrjbjnkto in` Ldn`o, yb qun `b prnsnkldb in `bs Bmubs \upnrdorns (`b funktn in `b ``uvdb) nk n` ldn`o tbjadäk djp`dlb `b prnsnkldb in uk n`njnkto sdjätrdlo y oa`dmbtordo in tdnrrb, tdnrrb y for fortb` tb`nzb nzb ln ln`ns `nstdb tdb`.`. \nb lojo fun funrn, rn, `b Ydn Ydnrrb rrb,, n` Jb Jbr, r, n` Olä Oläbko bko sok `bs lbt lbtnmo nmorêb rêbss prdkldpb`ns in `b nxdstnkldb tnrrnkb`, y `b cujbkdibi ko punin inebr in vnr nk n``os b`mukos btrdautos aâsdlos in` ukdvnrso. Lojo `os ios tärjdkos prdkldpb`ns in `b mnopo`êtdlb, loksnrvbk su sdmkdfdlbio tbkto pbrb `bs ldvd`dzbldokns in tdpo trbidldokb` lojo pbrb `os nstbios, puna`os y a`oquns dino`ümdlos purbjnktn joinrkos. B kdvn` in `os fnküjnkos mnopo`êtdlos m`oab`ns, Ydnrrb y Jbr ido ordmnk b `os tärjdkos tb`bsolrbldb y tn`urolrbldb, ns inldr, "poinr b trbväs in` jbr" y "poinr b trbväs in `b tdnrrb". Yoio nstbio, toio djpnrdo absb su funrzb nk n` insbrro``o prnfnrnktn in ukb in nstbs lbtnmorêbs. @os djpnrdos sok "tb`bsolrâtdlos" o "tn`urolrâtdlos". N` prdjnro supokn `b prnsnkldb in ukb jntrüpo`ds y lo`okdbs, n` snmukio ukb lbpdtb` y provdkldbs nk ukb "tdnrrb lojõk". Nk n` lbso in `b "tb`bsolrbldb", sus tnrrdtordos ko nstâk ukdios nk uk ârnb tnrrnstrn, `o qun lrnb uk fbltor in idsloktdkudibi. N` jbr ns tbkto uk pukto funrtn lojo uk pukto iäad` in` "poinr

tb`bsolrâtdlo". @b "tn`urolrbldb", nk lbjado, tdnkn `b lub`dibi in loktdkudibi tnrrdtordb`. Wnro Wn ro `b `ü `ümd mdlb lb mn mnom omrâ râfdfdlb lb y lo losj sjo` o`üm ümdl dlbb lo lojp jp`d`dlb lb in dk dkjn jnid idbt btoo n` ns nsqu qunj njbb bpbrnk bpb rnktnj tnjnkt nktnn sdj sdjp`n p`n in nst nstbb idv idvdsd dsdük5 ük5 n` pbr "td "tdnrr nrrb-j b-jbr" br" lub lubkio kio sus n`n n`njnk jnktos tos sn

 

supnrpoknk nktrn sê ib `bs dinbs in "tdnrrb jbrdkb" y "bmub tnrrnstrn". @b tdnrrb in` jbr ns ukb ds`b, ns inldr, `b absn in` djpnrdo jbrêtdjo, n` po`o in `b tb`bsolrbldb. N` bmub tnrrnstrn o bmub in `b tdnrrb sok `os rêos qun prnintnrjdkbk n` insbrro``o in` djpnrdo tnrrnstrn. Ns soarn n` rêo iokin sn uadlbk `bs lduibins, y por nkin `b lbpdtb`, n` po`o in `b tn`urolrbldb. Nstb sdjntrêb ns tbkto sdjaü`dlb lojo nloküjdlb y mnomrâfdlb b` jdsjo tdnjpo. Ns djportbktn snòb`br qun n` nstbtus in `b Ds`b y in` Loktdknktn sn intnrjdkb ko tbkto nk fukldük in su tbjbòo fêsdlo, sdko nk fukldük in `bs nspnldfdldibins in `b lokldnkldb têpdlb in `b poa`bldük.  Bsê, `b mnopo`êtdlb in Nstbios ^kdios ns in lbrâltnr dksu`br, b pnsbr in` tbjbòo in Bjärdlb in` Kortn, y `b ds`b in Ebpük ns mnopo`êtdlbjnktn uk nenjp`o in jnktb`dibi loktdknktb`, y bsê  sulnsdvbjnktn. Otroo int Otr intb`` b``nn tbj tbjadä adäkk ns djp djport ortbkt bktn5 n5 cds cdstür türdlb dlbjnk jnktn, tn, `b tb` tb`bso bsolrb lrbldb ldb sn bso bsoldb ldb lok Olldinktn y n` Oläbko Bt`âktdlo, y `b tn`urolrbldb lok Ordnktn y n` loktdknktn nurobsdâtdlo. (N` nenjp`o bktnrdor in Ebpük sn nxp`dlb por ukb "btrblldük" jâs funrtn, `b dkf`unkldb in Nurbsdb). Yb`bsolrbldb y bt`bktdsjo sn lokvdrtdnrok nk sdkükdjos julco bktns in `b nxpbksdük lo`okdb` in Mrbk Arntbòb o in `bs lokqudstbs `uso-nspbòo`bs. Dkl`uso bktns in qun lojnkzbrb `b o`b in jdmrbldokns jbrêtdjbs, `os puna`os in Olldinktn y sus lu`turbs lojnkzbrok b trbs`bibrsn cbldb Ordnktn insin lnktros uadlbios nk n` Bt`âktdlo. Ybjadäk sn nxp`orbab n` Jnidtnrrâkno insin Mdarb`tbr cbstb Ordnktn Jnido, y ko b` rnväs. Wor n` loktrbrdo, `bs nxlbvbldokns nk \danrdb Ordnktb` y Jokmo`db junstrbk qun fun bquê iokin nxdstdnrok `os lnktros in `bs ldvd`dzbldük bktdmuos, `o qun sdmkdfdlb qun funrok `bs tdnrrbs lnktrb`ns in` loktdknktn qun funrokjâs `b lukb in `b cujbkdibi nurobsdâtdlb. 6.< \djao`dsjo in` pbdsben  Binjâs in `bs ios lbtnmorêbs m`oab`ns Ydnrrb y Jbr, `b mnopo`êtdlb tbjadäk opnrb lok infdkdldokns jâs nspnlêfdlbs. Nktrn `bs rnb`dibins tb`bsolrâtdlbs sn snpbrbk `bs forjbldokns jbrdkbs y olnâkdlbs. Bsê, `b ldvd`dzbldük in `os jbrns, por nenjp`o, n` Knmro o n` Jnidtnrrâkno, ns juy idfnrnktn nk lb`dibi b `b ldvd`dzbldük in `os oläbkos, ns inldr, potnkldbs dksu`brns y puna`os qun cbadtbk `bs lostbs in `os oläbkos badnrtos. ^kb idvdsdük jâs pbrtdlu`br sok tbjadäk `bs ldvd`dzbldokns f`uvdb`ns y `blustrns bsoldbibs b `os loktdknktns. @b tn`urolrbldb tbjadäk tdnkn sus forjbs nspnlêfdlbs. Bsê, sn punin idstdkmudr nktrn `b ldvd`dzbldük in `b Nstnpb y `b ldvd`dzbldük in` Aosqun, `b ldvd`dzbldük in `bs Joktbòbs y `b ldvd`dzbldük in `os Vb``ns, `b ldvd`dzbldük in` Insdnrto y `b ldvd`dzbldük in` Cdn`o. @bs vbrdnibins in pbdsben nk `b mnomrbfêb sbmrbib sn nktdnkink lojo lojp`neos sdjaü`dlos bsoldbios b `bs nspnldfdldibins `b dino`omêb y ätdlb in intnrjdkbios puna`os. Nloklrntb dkl`uso nk n` lbso in qun in sn trbtn in ukbnstbtb`, rn`dmdükrn`dmdosb nlujäkdlb ukdvnrsb`dstb, su nklbrkbldük uk puna`o, rbzb o nstbio nk pbrtdlu`br nstbrâ suentb b bibptbldük in blunrio lok n` loktnxto sblro-mnomrâfdlo `olb`. @os insdnrtos y `bs nstnpbs sok n` jdlrolosjos mnopo`êtdlo in `os küjbibs. Ns nk `os insdnrtos y nstnpbs iokin `bs tnkinkldbs tn`urolrâtdlbs b`lbkzbk su bpomno, yb qun bquê n` fbltor "bmub" sn rniuln b` jêkdjo. \ok `os djpnrdos in` Insdnrto y `b Nstnpb `os qun `ümdlbjnktn inanrêbk snr n` pukto in bpoyo mnopo`êtdlo in `b tn`urolrbldb. N` djpnrdo in Mnkmcds Hcbk punin loksdinrbrsn uk join`o in` djpnrdo in `b nstnpb, y n` lb`dfbto ârban, qun surmdü abeo `b dkf`unkldb idrnltb in `os küjbibs, punin loksdinrbrsn uk nenjp`o têpdlo in` Djpnrdo in` Insdnrto. @bs jok joktbò tbòbs bs y `bs ldv ldvd`d d`dzbl zbldok dokns ns jok joktb tbòns ònsbs bs sun sun`nk `nk sn snrr for forjbl jbldok dokns ns brl brlbdl bdlbs bs y frbmjnktbrdbs. @os pbêsns joktbòosos ko sü`o ko sok funktns in nxpbksdük, sdko qun, por n` loktrbrdo, sok vêltdjbs in `b nxpbksdük mnopo`êtdlb in otrbs funrzbs tn`urolrâtdlbs. Kdkmõk

djpnrdo tdnkn su lnktro nk `bs joktbòbs. In bcê n` jotdvo tbktbs vnlns rnpntdio in `b mnomrbfêb sbmrbib5 "`bs joktbòbs nstâk cbadtbibs por injokdos". Wor otro `bio, `b dinb in prnsnrvbr `os rnstos in bktdmubs rbzbs y ldvd`dzbldokns nk `bs joktbòbs sn rnf`neb nk n` cnlco

 

in qun `os lnktros sbmrbios in `b trbidldük sn nklunktrbk nk `bs joktbòbs. Dkl`uso sn punin inldr qun, nk `b tn`urolrbldb, `bs joktbòbs nstâk bsoldbibs lok b`mõk tdpo in poinr nspdrdtub`. @b lojadkbldük `ümdlb in bjaos loklnptos in `b joktbòb lojo djbmnk sblnriotb` y `b ``bkurb lojo djbmnk rnb` fun n` sdjao`dsjo in` lnrro, ns inldr, n`nvbldük abeb o jnidb. @b lo`dkb ns uk sêjao`o in` poinr rnb`, n`nvâkiosn por nkldjb in` kdvn` snlu`br in `b nstnpb, pnro`b sdk dr jâs b``â in `os dktnrnsns soanrbkos (lojo ns n` lbso in `bs joktbòbs). lo`dkb ns snin in` rny, iuqun, njpnrbior, pnro ko in` sblnriotn. Yoibs `bs lbpdtb`ns@bin `os mrbkins djpnrdos tn`urolrâtdlos nstâk sdtubibs soarn ukb lo`dkb o soarn lo`dkbs (b jnkuio sdntn snmõk n` kõjnro in p`bkntbs8 ldklo snmõk n` kõjnro in n`njnktos, dkl`udio n` ätnr, ntl.). N` aosqun nk `b mnomrbfêb sbmrbib, nk ldnrto snktdio, nstâ lnrlb in `bs joktbòbs. N` jdsjo sdjao`dsjo in` ârao` nstâ rn`bldokbio lok n` sdjao`dsjo in `b joktbòb (bjaos inkotbk n` nen in` jukio). Wor tbkto, n` aosqun nk `b tn`urolrbldb tbjadäk lujp`n ukb fukldük pnrdfärdlb8 rnstos brlbdlos in uk pbsbio insbpbrnldio. ^kb zokb fornstb` tbjpolo punin snr n` lnktro in uk djpnrdo tnrrnstrn. @b tukirb ns n` bkâ`omo snptnktrdokb` in `b nstnpb y n` insdnrto, pnro n` l`djb frêo `b cbln julco jnkos sdmkdfdlbtdvb insin n` pukto in vdstb mnopo`êtdlo. Nstb "pnrdfnrdb" b`lbkzb su bpom bp omno no nk `o `oss cd cdn` n`os os,, qu qun, n, lo lojo jo `b `bss jo joktb ktbòb òbs, s, so sokk zo zokb kbss in pr prof ofuk ukio io br brlb lbês êsjo jo.. Ns sdmkdfdlbtdvo qun `b trbidldük lcbjâkdlb nktrn `os nsqudjb`ns djp`dqun uk rntdro so`dtbrdo nk n` cdn`o, iokin n` otro jukio sn barn b` futuro lcbjâk. Bsê, n` cdn`o ns ukb zokb sblnriotb`, n` ujarb` in otro jukio. Ibibs nstbs lbrbltnrêstdlbs dkdldb`ns y jâs mnknrb`ns in` jbpb mnopo`êtdlo, ns posda`n infdkdr `bs idvnrsbs rnmdokns in` p`bkntb in blunrio lok su lb`dibi sbmrbib. Nstn jätoio tbjadäk ns bp`dlba`n b `bs lbrbltnrêstdlbs `olb`ns in` pbdsben b kdvn` in uk pbês dkidvdiub` o dkl`uso in ukb `olb`dibi dkidvdiub`. Ybjadäk sn punin rbstrnbr `b sdjd`dtui in dino`omêbs y trbidldokns nktrn `os puna`os jâs bpbrnktnjnktn idfnrnktns nk n` lbso in qun n` pbdsben dkiêmnkb in su câadtbt snb n` jdsjo. 6.9 Ordnktn y Olldinktn nk `b mnomrbfêb sbmrbib @os puktos lbridkb`ns nk n` loktnxto in `b mnomrbfêb sbmrbib tdnknk ukb lbrbltnrêstdlb lub`dtbtdvb nspnldb`. Nk idfnrnktns trbidldokns y nk idfnrnktns pnrêoios in nstbs trbidldokns, `b djbmnk in `b mnomrbfêb sbmrbib punin lbjadbr in blunrio lok `bs fbsns lêl`dlbs in` insbrro``o in nstb trbidldük. B` jdsjo tdnjpo, `b fukldük sdjaü`dlb in `os Wuktos Lbridkb`ns b jnkuio vbrêb. \dk nktrbr nk intb``ns, ns posda`n forju`br `b `ny jâs ukdvnrsb` in `b mnomrbfêb sbmrbib nk rn`bldük lok Ordnktn y Olldinktn. N` Or Ordn dnktn ktn nk `b mn mnom omrb rbfêfêbb sb sbmr mrbi bib, b, so soar arnn `b ab absn sn in in`` "s "sdj djao ao`d`dsj sjoo lü lüsj sjdl dlo" o",, ns loksdinrbio trbidldokb`jnktn `b "tdnrrb in` Nspêrdtu", `b tdnrrb in` pbrbêso, `b tdnrrb in `b p`nkdtui, in `b baukibkldb, `b "pbtrdb" in `o \bmrbio nk su forjb jâs lojp`ntb y `b forjb pnrfnltb. Nk pbrtdlu`br, nstb dinb sn rnf`neb nk n` tnxto in `b Ada`db, qun sn rnfdnrn b `b uadlbl uad lbldük dük ord ordnkt nktb` b` in "Ni "Niäk" äk".. Nxb Nxbltb ltbjnk jnktn tn nst nstbb loj lojprn prnksd ksdük ük ns lbr lbrbl bltnr tnrêst êstdlb dlb in otr otrbs bs trbidldokns barbcâjdlbs (n` ds`bj y n` euibêsjo), bsê lojo in julcbs trbidldokns lcdkbs, cdkiõns n drbkêns ko barbcâjdlbs. "Nstn ns `b jorbib in `os idosns", idln `b fürju`b sbmrbib in `os bktdmuos nmdpldos, y `b jdsjb pb`barb "nstn" (nk nmdpldo "kntnr") sdmkdfdlbab b` jdsjo tdnjpo "idos". Insin n` pukto in vdstb in` sdjao`dsjo kbturb`, Ordnktn ns n` `umbr iokin sb`n n` so`, "f`uyn", `b @uz in` Jukio, n` sêjao`o jbtnrdb` in `o Idvdko y n` Nspêrdtu. Olldinktn tdnkn nxbltbjnktn n` sdmkdfdlbio sdjaü`dlo opunsto. Nstn ns n` "pbês in `b junrtn", n` "jukio in `os junrtos", n` "pbês vnrin" (lojo `o ``bjbabk `os bktdmuos nmdpldos).

Olldinktn ns n` "rndko in` nxd`do", n` "pozo in `b b`dnkbldük", nk pb`barbs in `os jêstdlos ds`âjdlos. Olldinktn ns n` "bktd-Ordnktn", n` pbês in `b "inlbinkldb", in `b inlbinkldb, in `b

 

inmrbibldük, in` trâksdto in `o jbkdfnstbio b `o ko jbkdfnstbio, in `b vdib b `b junrtn, in `b p`nkdtui b `b poarnzb, ntl. Onstn ns n` `umbr iokin sn pokn n` so`, iokin "sn pokn". In blunrio lok nstb `ümdlb in` sdjao`dsjo lüsjdlo kbturb`, `bs trbidldokns bktdmubs ormbkd orm bkdzbr zbrok ok su "ns "nspbl pbldo do sbm sbmrbi rbio", o", fuk fukibr ibrok ok sus lnk lnktro tross in lu` lu`to, to, nkt nktdnr dnrros ros,, tnj tnjp`o p`oss y nidfdldo nidf dldos, s, lojpr lojprnkidn nkidnrok rok `bs lbrb lbrbltnrê ltnrêstdl stdlbs bs kbturb kbturb`ns `ns y "ldv "ldvd`dz d`dzbtord btordbs" bs" in `os tnrrd tnrrdtordos tordos mnomrâfdlos, lu`turb`ns nstbtb`ns in` p`bkntb. Bsê, in `b nstrulturb jdsjb in intnrjdkbio `bs jdmrbldokns, munrrbs, lbjpbòbs, o`bsy injomrâfdlbs, lokstrulldük djpnrdos, ntl. nstbab por `b `ümdlb ordmdkb` y pbrbidmjâtdlb in `b mnomrbfêb sbmrbib. Wuna`os y ldvd`dzbldokns b`dknbios nk n` nen Nstn-Onstn, posnynkio lbrbltnrêstdlbs enrârqudlbs, lubkto jâs lnrlb in Ordnktn, jâs lnrlb in `o \bmrbio, in `b Yrbidldük, in `b baukibkldb nspdrdtub`. Lubkto jâs lnrlb in Olldinktn, jbyor ns `b inlbinkldb, inmrbibldük y jortdfdlbldük in` Nspêrdtu. Wor supunsto, nstb `ümdlb ko nrb baso`utb, pnro b` jdsjo tdnjpo, ko nrb snlukibrdb y rn`btdvb, lojo julcos dkvnstdmbiorns "profbkos" in rn`dmdokns y trbidldokns bktdmubs lrnnk nrrüknbjnktn coy. In cnlco, `b `ümdlb sbmrbib y `b bicnsdük b` sdjao`dsjo lüsjdlo nrbk julco jâs loksldnktns, sdmkdfdlbtdvbs y nfnltdvbs nktrn `os puna`os bktdmuos in `o qun lojõkjnktn sn lrnn coy. N dkl`uso nk kunstro jukio bktdsbmrbio, b kdvn` in` "dkloksldnktn", `os brquntdpos in `b mnomrbfêb sbmrbib sn loksnrvbk lbsd sdnjprn dktbltos y inspdnrtbk nk `os jojnktos jâs djportbktns y lrêtdlos in `os lbtbl`dsjos soldb`ns.  Bsê, `b mnomrbfêb sbmrbib bfdrjb sdk bjadmðnibi `b `ny in` "nspbldo lub`dtbtdvo", nk n` qun Ordnktn ns uk "jâs okto`ümdlo" sdjaü`dlo y Olldinktn ns uk "jnkos okto`ümdlo". \nmõk `b trbidldük lcdkb, Ordnktn ns n` prdkldpdo ybkm, jbslu`dko, `ujdkoso, so`br, y Olldinktn ns n` ydk, prdkldpdo fnjnkdko, osluro, `ukbr. 6.> Ordnktn y Olldinktn nk `b mnopo`êtdlb loktnjporâknb  Bcorb vnbjos lüjo nstb `ümdlb sblro-mnomrâfdlb sn rnf`neb nk `b mnopo`êtdlb, `b lub`, sdnkio ukb ldnkldb purbjnktn joinrkb, fdeb sü`o n` nstbio rnb` in `bs losbs, inebkio in `bio `os prdkldpdos sblros jdsjos. @b mnopo`êtdlb nk su forju`bldük ordmdkb` por Qbtzn`, Hen``nk y Jblhdkinr (y jâs tbrin por Cbuscofnr y `os nurobsdâtdlos rusos) sn absü prnldsbjnktn nk `bs lbrbltnrêstdlbs in vbrdos tdpos in ldvd`dzbldokns y nstbios, inpnkidnkio in su uadlbldük mnomrâfdlb. @os mnopo`êtdlos cbkk fdfdeb cb ebio io n` cn cnlc lcoo in `b id idfn fnrn rnkl kldb db fu fukib kibjn jnktb ktb`` nk nktr trnn `b `bss po potn tnkl kldb dbss "d "dks ksu` u`br brns ns"" y "loktdknktb`ns", nktrn `b ldvd`dzbldük "olldinktb`", "promrnsdstb" y `b forjb lu`turb` "ordnktb`", "iäspütdlb" y "brlbdlb". Ibio qun `b lunstdük in` Nspêrdtu nk su lojprnksdük jntbfêsdlb y sbmrbib kuklb sn p`bktnb nk `b tärjdkos ldnkldb joinrkb, `os mnopo`êtdlos inebk in `bio, prnfdrdnkioy nvb`ubr `b sdtubldük nk otros jâs joinrkos qun `os `bloklnptos in "sbmrbio" "profbko". trbidldokb`ns" y "bktdtrbidldokb`ns", ntl. @b mno mnopo` po`êtd êtdlb lb fde fdebb `b idf idfnrn nrnkld kldbb fuk fukibj ibjnkt nktb` b` nkt nktrn rn n` ins insbrr brro`` o``oo nst nstbtb btb`,`, lu` lu`tur turb` b` n dkiustrdb` in `bs rnmdokns in Ordnktn y `bs rnmdokns in Olldinktn nk `os õ`tdjos sdm`os. @b djbmnk ns `b sdmudnktn. Olldinktn ns n` lnktro in` insbrro``o "jbtnrdb`" y "tnlko`ümdlo". B kdvn` lu`turb` n dino`ümdlo, nstâ iojdkbio por tnkinkldbs "`danrb`-injolrâtdlbs", losjovdsdük dkidvdiub`dstb y cujbkdstb. B kdvn` nloküjdlo, sn ib prdordibi b` lojnrldo y `b joinrkdzbldük tälkdlb. Fun nk Olldinktn iokin bpbrnldnrok por prdjnrb vnz `bs tnorêbs in` "promrnso", `b "nvo`u "nv o`uldü ldük", k", n` "in "insbr sbrro` ro``o `o pro promrn mrnsdv sdvoo in `b cds cdstor tordb" db",, loj lojp`n p`ntbj tbjnkt nktnn ben benkbs kbs b` juk jukio io trbidldokb` in Ordnktn (y b bqun``os pnrêoios in `b cdstordb in Olldinktn nk `os qun ukb nxdstdü nk ä` ukb trbidldük sbmrbib nk toib rnm`b, yb qun, nk pbrtdlu`br, nsto tuvo `umbr nk `b Nibi Jnidb). @b lonrldük b kdvn` soldb` nk Olldinktn biqudrdü uk lbrâltnr purbjnktn nloküjdlo, y `b @ny in `b Dinb y `b Funrzb fun sustdtudib por `b @ny in` Idknro. Mrbiub`jnktn, `b

nspnldfdldibi in `b "dino`omêb in Olldinktn" sn jo`inü nk ukb fürju`b ukdvnrsb` in "dino`omêb in `os inrnlcos cujbkos", qun sn lokvdrtdü nk n` prdkldpdo iojdkbktn in `b rnmdük jâs olldinktb` in` p`bkntb nk Bjärdlb in` Kortn y, nk prdjnr `umbr, in `os Nstbios ^kdios.

 

nstbios B kdvn` dkiustrdb`, nstb dino`omêb lorrnspokiêb b `b dinb in "pbêsns insbrro``bios", yb kdvn` nloküjdlo, b` loklnpto in "`darn jnrlbio", "`danrb`dsjo nloküjdlo". @b totb`dibi in nstbs lbrbltnrêstdlbs, lok n` bmrnmbio in ukb ukdfdlbldük purbjnktn jd`dtbr y nstrbtämdlb in vbrdos snltorns in `b ldvd`dzbldük olldinktb`, sn infdkn coy por n` loklnpto in "bt`bktdldsjo". Nk n` sd sdm` m`oo pb pbsb sbio io,, `o `oss mn mnop opo` o`êtêtdl dlos os cb cba` a`ba babk bk in in`` "t "tdp dpoo in ld ldvd vd`d`dzb zbld ldük ük bk bkm` m`os osbe beük ük"" o "injol "in jolrbl rbldb db lb lbpdt pdtb`d b`dstb stb,, aur aurmun munsb" sb".. Nk nst nstnn tdp tdpoo "bt "bt`âk `âktdl tdlo", o", `b für fürju` ju`bb in` "Ol "Olldi ldinkt nktnn mnopo`êtdlo" nkloktrü su nklbrkbldük jâs purb. N` Ordnktn mnopo`êtdlo ns nxbltbjnktn `o loktrbrdo in` Olldinktn mnopo`êtdlo. Nk `umbr in joinrkdzbr `b nlokojêb, nstâ iojdkbib por forjbs in proiulldük trbidldokb`ns y brlbdlbs in tdpo lorporbtdvo y mrnjdb` ("pbêsns nk insbrro``o"). Nk `umbr in `b lonrldük nloküjdlb, n` nstbio sun`n utd`dzbr `b lonrldük "jorb`" o sdjp`njnktn fêsdlb (`b @ny in `b Dinb y `b @ny in `b Funr Fu nrzb zb). ). Nk `u `umb mbrr in "i "inj njol olrb rbld ldb" b" y "i "inr nrnl nlco coss cuj cujbk bkos os", ", Or Ordn dnkt ktnn mr mrbv bvdtdtbb cb cbld ldbb n` totb`dtbrdsjo, n` soldb`dsjo y n` butordtbrdsjo, ns inldr, b idfnrnktns tdpos in rnmêjnkns soldb`ns, qun nstâk ukdios sü`o nk n` cnlco in qun nk n` lnktro in sus sdstnjbs ko nstâ n` "dkidvdiuo", n` "cojarn" lok sus "inrnlcos" y sus "vb`orns purbjnktn dkidvdiub`ns", sdko b`mo ko dkidvdiub`, ko cujbkos, yb snb "soldnibi", "kbldük", "puna`o", "dinb", "vdsdük in` jukio", "rn`dmdük", "lu`to b` `êinr", ntl. Ordnktn cb loktrbrrnstbio b `b injolrbldb `danrb` olldinktb` lok `os jâs idv idvnrs nrsos os tdp tdpos os in sol soldni dnibin binss d`d d`danr anrb`n b`nss y ko dki dkidvd dvdiub iub`ds `dstbs tbs,, ins insin in jok jokbrq brquêb uêbss butord but ordtbr tbrdbs dbs cbs cbstb tb tno tnolrb lrbldb ldb o sol soldb` db`dsj dsjo. o. Bin Binjâs jâs,, ins insin in uk puk pukto to in vds vdstb tb pur purbjn bjnktn ktn tdpo`ümdlo, `bdsdük nspnldfdldibi tb` ob lub` rämdjnk nklojpbr loj pbrbld bldük ükmnopo`êtdlo, lok `b idv idvdsd ük lub lub`dt `dtbtd btdvb vbpo`êtdlb nk n`insds sdstnj tnjb "olldi "ol ldinkt nktb`" b`" nrb (: snlukibrdb "dkidv "dk idvdiu diub`d b`dstb stblojnrldb`") y n` sdstnjb "ordnktb`" (: " sdstnjb ko dkidvdiub`dstb-poinroso"). @bs forjbs têpdlbs in tb` ldvd`dzbldük bktdolldinktb` funrok `b ^Q\\, `b Lcdkb lojukdstb, n` Ebpük bktns in 249> o n` Drâk in Eojndkd. Ns dktnrnsbktn kotbr qun Quio`f Hen``nk, n` butor qun utd`dzü por prdjnrb vnz n` tärjdko "mnopo`êtdlb", d`ustrü `b idfnrnkldb nktrn Olldinktn y Ordnktn in nstb jbknrb.   "^kb frbsn  nstbioukdinksn nstbioukdink sn têpdlb ", nslrdadü Lcn``nk, ns "bin`bktn", qun `dtnrb`jnktn sdmkdfdlb "bin`bktn". Nsto rnf`neb n` optdjdsjo mnopo`êtdlo dktnrko y kbturb` y n` "promrnsdsjo" in `b ldvd`dzbldük  nstbioukdinksn, qun ns `b forjb infdkdtdvb in` join`o olldinktb`. sun`n rnpntdr `b pb`barb  "kbib" (nk ruso nk n` tnxto in B. I. Lcn``nk) Ns Nsto to ju juns nstr trb b n` "p "pns nsdj djds dsjo jo", ", "loktnjp`btdvdibi", "loktnjp`btdv dibi", "fbtb`dsjo" y "lojprojdso lok `b trbidldük" lbrbltnrêstdlos in Ordnktn".

\d vo`vnjos bcorb b` pbrbidmjb in `b mnomrbfêb sbmrbib, vnrnjos ukb loktrbidlldük idrnlt idr nltbb nkt nktrn rn `bs prd prdord ordibi ibins ns in `b mno mnopo` po`êtd êtdlb lb joi joinrk nrkbb (lo (lokln klnpto ptoss loj lojoo "pr "promr omrnso nso", ", "`danrb`dsjo", "inrnlcos cujbkos", "sdstnjb lojnrldb`", ntl., sn cbk vun`to tärjdkos posdtdvos pbrb `b jbyorêb in coy) y `bs prdordibins in `b mnomrbfêb sbmrbib, qun nvb`õb `os tdpos in ldvd`dzbldük insin uk pukto in vdstb lojp`ntbjnktn opunsto (loklnptos tb`ns lojo "nspêrdtu", "loktnjp`bldük", "sujdsdük b uk poinr soarncujbko o dinb soarncujbkb", " dinolrbldb", ntl. nk `b ldvd`dzbldük sbmrbib nrbk purbjnktn posdtdvos y `o sdmunk sdnkio pbrb `os puna`os in Ordnktn b` kdvn` in su "dkloksldnktn lo`nltdvo"). Bsê, `b mnopo`êtdlb joinrkb (lok `b nxlnpldük in `os nurobsdâtdlos rusos, `os snmudiorns b`njbkns in Cbuscofnr, `os fukibjnktb`dstbs ds`âjdlos, ntl.) nvb`õb `b djbmnk in` jukio in jbknrb opunstb b `b mnomrbfêb sbmrbib trbidldokb`. Wnro b` jdsjo tdnjpo, bjabs ldnkldbs loklunribk nk inslrdadr `bs rnmu`brdibins fukibjnktb`ns in` lubiro mnomrâfdlo in `b ldvd`dzbldük. 6.6 Kortn \bmrbio y \ur \bmrbio  Binjâs in` intnrjdkdsjo sblro-mnomrâfdlo b `o `brmo in` nen Nstn-Onstn, n` proa`njb in otro nen vnrtdlb` in ordnktbldük in` nen Kortn-\ur ns nxtrnjbibjnktn djportbktn. Bquê, lojo

nk toios lbsos, `os in `bktns mnomrbfêb n` sdjao`dsjo in `os puktos lbrid lb ridkb` kb`ns ns`osy injâs sus lok loktdk tdknkt nktns ns prdkldpdos lorrns lor rnspok pokidn idnktn s tdn tdnknk knksbmrbib, uk bkâ bkâ`om `omo o idr idrnlt nltoo nk `b djb djbmnk mnk mnopo`êtdlb in` jukio, qun o sn insbrro``b kbturb`jnktn nk n` lurso in` prolnso cdstürdlo, o ns lokstrudio loksldnktn y brtdfdldb`jnktn lojo rnsu`tbio in blldokns dktnkldokb`ns in `os

 

inrn rnss in ld ldnr nrtb tbss u ot otrb rbss fo forj rjbl bldo dokn knss mn mnop opo` o`êt êtdl dlbs bs.. In Insi sinn n` pu pukt ktoo in vd vdst stbb in in`` `ê`êin "trbidldokb`dsjo dktnmrb`", `b idfnrnkldb nktrn "brtdfdldb`" y "kbturb`" ns mnknrb`jnktn juy rn`btdvb, yb qun `b Yrbidldük kuklb cb lokoldio kbib pbrnldio b` iub`dsjo lbrtnsdbko o hbktdbko, snpbrbkio nstrdltbjnktn "suaentdvo" y "oaentdvo" nktrn sê. ("fnkojnkb` kon" y "koujnkb`"). Wor `o tbkto, n` intnrjdkdsjo sbmrbio in` Kortn o in` \ur ko ns so`o uk fbltor fêsdlo, kbturb`, pbdsbeêstdlo-l`djâtdlo (ns inldr, b`mo "oaentdvo") o so`o ukb "dinb", "loklnpto" mnknrbio por `b jnktn in ldnrtos dkidvdiuos (ns inldr, b`mo "suaentdvo"), sdko b`mo tnrlnro, qun trbsldnkin tbkto n` po`o oaentdvo lojo n` suaentdvo. \n punin inldr qun n` Kortn sbmrbio, n` brquntdpo in` Kortn, sn adfurlb nk `b cdstordb nk n` pbdsben kbturb` in` kortn, por uk `bio, y `b dinb in` Kortn, n` "koridsjo", por n` otro. N` nstrbto jâs bktdmuo y ordmdkb` in `b Yrbidldük bfdrjb sdk bjadmðnibins `b prdjblêb in` Kortn soarn n` \ur. N` sdjao`dsjo in` Kortn nstâ rn`bldokbio lok `b Funktn, lok n` pbrbêso küridlo ordmdkb`, in iokin sn ordmdkb toib `b ldvd`dzbldük cujbkb. Bktdmuos tnxtos drbkêns y zorobstrdbkos cba`bk in` pbês in` kortn "Brybk Vbneb" y su lbpdtb` "Vbrb", in iokin `os bktdmuos brdos funrok nxpu`sbios por `b m`bldbldük, qun `ns fun nkvdbib por Bcrdjbk, n` nspêrdtu nspê rdtu in` Jb` y n` opoknktn in` ard` ard``bktn `bktn Orjuzi. Orjuzi. @os bktdmuos Vnibs tbjadäk tbjadäk cba`b cba`bkk in` Wbês in` Kortn lojo n` combr bklnstrb` in `os cdkiõns, in \vntb-ivdpb, `b Ydnrrb A`bklb, qun sn nklunktrb nk n` nxtrnjo kortn. @os bktdmuos mrdnmos cba`babk in Cdpnraürnb, `b ds`b in` kortn lok Yu`b lojo lbpdtb`. Nstb fun loksdinrbib n` `umbr inrbstros kbldjdnkto in` idos `ujdkêfnro T nkb jnkuio julcbs otrbs tdnrrb trbidldokns sn punink nkloktrbr in` sdjao`dsjo küridlo jâsBpo`o. bktdmuo, o`vdibio y frbmjnktbrdo. @b dinb prdkldpb` trbidldokb`jnktn bsoldbib b` Kortn ns `b dinb in` Lnktro, n` Wo`o Fdeo, n` pukto in `b Ntnrkdibi, b`rninior in` lub` mdrb ko sü`o n` nspbldo, sdko tbjadäk n` tdnjpo, uk ldl`o. N` kortn ns `b tdnrrb iokin n` so` ko sn pokn kd in kolcn, n` nspbldo in `b `uz ntnrkb. Yoib trbidldük sbmrbib cokrb n` Lnktro, n` Jnido, n` pukto iokin lokvnrmnk `os opunstos, uk `umbr sdjaü`dlo qun ko nstâ suento b `bs `nyns in `b nktropêb lüsjdlb. Nstn Lnktro, luyo sêjao`o ns `b Nsvâstdlb (qun nkfbtdzb `b dkjovd`dibi y lokstbkldb in` Lnktro y `b jovd`dibi y vbrdbad`dibi in `b pnrdfnrdb), fun ``bjbio in jbknrb idfnrnktn nk lbib trbidldük, pnro sdnjprn nstuvo idrnltb o dkidrnltbjnktn bsoldbio lok n` sdjao`dsjo in` Kortn. Wor `o tbkto, poinjos inldr qun toibs `bs trbidldokns sbmrbibs sok proynlldokns in `b Yrbidldük Wrdjoridb` in` Kortn ^kdfdlbib, bibptbibs b ldnrtbs lokidldokns cdstürdlbs. N` `bio Kortn in` Jukio, n`nmdio por n` @omos ordmdkb` pbrb jbkdfnstbrsn nk `b Cdstordb, y lub`qudnr jbkdfnstbldük suasdmudnktn in ästn, ko cdzo jâs qun rnstburbr n` sdjao`dsjo ordmdkb` in` pbrbêso po`br. @b mnomrbfêb sbmrbib rn`bldokb n` Kortn lok n` nspêrdtu, `b `uz, `b purnzb, `b p`nkdtui, `b ukdibi, `b ntnrkdibi. N` \ur sdjao`dzb b`mo idrnltbjnktn opunsto b `b jbtnrdb`dibi, `b oslurdibi, `b lokfusdük, `b prdvbldük, `b ju`tdp`dldibi, `b dkjnrsdük nk n` f`udr in` tdnjpo y n` invnkdr. Dkl`uso insin uk pukto in vdstb kbturb`, nk `bs rnmdokns po`brns cby uk Iêb snjnstrb` `brmo y ukb Kolcn snjnstrb` `brmb. Nstn ns n` Iêb y `b Kolcn in `os idosns y cärons, `os âkmn`ns. Dkl`uso `bs trbidldokns inmrbibibs rnloribrok nstn `bio sbmrbio, nspdrdtub` y soarnkbturb` in` Kortn, loksdinrbkio `bs rnmdokns in` kortn lojo `b jorbib in `os "nspêrdtus" y `bs "funrzbs in otro jukio". Nk n` \ur, n` Iêb y `b Kolcn in `os idosns sn idvdink nk julcos iêbs cujbkos, n` sdjao`dsjo ordmdkb` in Cdpnraürnb sn pdnrin y su rnlunrio sn lokvdnrtn nk uk fbltor in "lu`turb", "trbidldük". N` sur nk mnknrb` b jnkuio sn lorrn`bldokb lok `b lu`turb, ns inldr, lok nsb nsfnrb in `b bltdvdibi cujbkb iokin `o Dkvdsda`n y Wurbjnktn Nspdrdtub` biqudnrn sus

loktorkos toslos, `b vdsda`ns vdsda`ns. . N`kortnòb \ur ns n`inrndko in `b jbtnrdb, `b vdib, `bsus ado`omêb y `os dkstdktos. N`jbtnrdb`ns, \ur inslojpokn purnzb `b Yrbidldük, pnro loksnrvb cun``bs nk forjb jbtnrdb`dzbib.

 

N` adkojdo Kortn-\ur nk `b mnomrbfêb sbmrbib ko sn rniuln b ukb oposdldük bastrbltb in` Adnk y n` Jb`. Ns, jâs adnk, `b oposdldük in `b Dinb Nspdrdtub` y su nklbrkbldük jbtnrdb` y aurib. Nk uk lbso korjb`, lok `b prdjblêb in` Kortn rnlokoldib por n` \ur, nxdstnk rn`bldokns brjokdosbs nktrn nstos puktos lbridkb`ns5 n` Kortn "dkspdrb" b` \ur, `os nkvdbios küridlos ibk b `os surnò surnòos os `b Yrbid Yrbidldük, ldük, sdnktbk sdnktbk `bs absns in ldvd ldvd`dzb `dzbldokn ldoknss sbmr sbmrbibs bibs.. \d n` \ur sn kdnmb b rnlokolnr `b prdjblêb in` Kortn, lojdnkzb uk nkfrnktbjdnkto sbmrbio, ukb "munrrb in `os loktdknktns", y, insin n` pukto in vdstb in `b trbidldük, ns n` \ur n` rnspoksba`n in nstn lokf`dlto lok su vdo`bldük in `os sbmrbios korjbs Nk n` Qbjbybkb, por nenjp`o, `b ds`b surnòb in @bkhb sn loksdinrb `b jorbib in `os injokdos qun snlunstrbrok b `b nsposb in Qbjb, \dtb, y inl`brbrok `b munrrb b` kortn loktdknktb` lok `b lbpdtb` Byoicyb. Ns djportbktn kotbr qun n` nen Kortn-\ur nk `b mnomrbfêb sbmrbib ns jâs djportbktn qun n` nen Nstn-Onstn. Wnro sdnkio jâs djportbktn, sn lorrn`bldokb lok `bs ntbpbs jâs bktdmubs in `b cdstordb lêl`dlb. @b Mrbk Munrrb in` Kortn y n` \ur, Cdpnraürnb y Mokiwbkb (n` bktdmuo pb`noloktdknktn in` \ur) sn rnfdnrn b tdnjpos "bktnid`uvdbkos". Nk `bs õ`tdjbs fbsns in` ldl`o, sn vun`vn jâs olu`to, vn`bio. @os bktdmuos pb`noloktdknktns in` Kortn y in` \ur tbjadäk nstâk insbpbrnldnkio. @b abtutb in` nkfrnktbjdnkto pbsb b` Nstn y b` Onstn. N` lbjado in` nen vnrtdlb` Kortn-\ur b` cordzoktb` Nstn-Onstn, lbrbltnrêstdlo in `bs õ`tdjbs ntbpbs in` ldl`o, loksnrvb sdk njabrmo `b loknxdük `ümdlb y sdjaü`dlb nktrn nstos ios pbrns sblro-mnomrâfdlos. N` pbr Kortn-\ur (ns inldr, Nspêrdtu-Jbtnrdb, Ntnrkdibi-Ydnjpo) sn proynltb soarn n` pbrcordzoktb` Nstn-Onstn inldr, Yrbidldük y Olbso). Nstn in` ns ukb proynlldük in`(ns Kortn cbldb babeo. N`y Wrofbkdsjo, Onstn ns ukbFunktn proynlldük cordzoktb` \ur cbldb brrdab. In tb` trbksfnrnkldb in sdmkdfdlbios sbmrbios, sn punin oatnknr fâld`jnktn `b nstrulturb in `b vdsdük loktdknktb` dkcnrnktn b `b Yrbidldük. 6.= Mnktn in` kortn N` Kortn \bmrbio infdkn uk tdpo cujbko nspnldb`, qun punin o ko tnknr su nklbrkbldük ado`ümdlb, rbldb`. @b nsnkldb in` "koridsjo" rbidlb nk `b lbpbldibi in ukb pnrsokb pbrb lokstrudr lbib oaento in` jukio jbtnrdb` fêsdlo b su brquntdpo, b su Dinb. Nstb lub`dibi ko ns uk sdjp`n insbrro``o in uk prdkldpdo rbldokb`. Wor n` loktrbrdo, `b "rbzük purb" lbrtnsdbkb y hbktdbkb ko ns lbpbz in supnrbr lok kbturb`dibi `b in`mbib `êknb nktrn "fnküjnko" y "koõjn "ko õjnko" ko",, pnr pnroo ns prn prnlds ldsbjn bjnktn ktn nst nstbb lbp lbpbl bldib dibii `b qun sua suaybl yblnn nk n` pnk pnksbj sbjdnk dnkto to "küridlo". N` cojarn in` Kortn ko ns sü`o a`bklo, "brdo" o dkionuropno por sbkmrn, `nkmub y lu`turb. N` cojarn in` Kortn ns uk tdpo nspnlêfdlo in snr iotbio in ukb dktudldük idrnltb in `o \bmrbio. Wbrb ä`, n` losjos ns uk tnedio in sêjao`os, lbib uko in `os lub`ns bpuktb b uk Wrdjnr Wrdkldpdo Nspdrdtub` olu`to b `b vdstb. N` cojarn in` Kortn ns uk "cojarn so`br", \okknkjnkslc, qun ko basoran nknrmêb lojo ukb sustbkldb knmrb, sdko qun `b `danrb, vnrtdnkio insin su b`jb rêos in lrnbldük, `uz, funrzb y sbadiurêb. ^kb ldvd`dzbldük purbjnktn küridlb insbpbrnldü eukto lok `b bktdmub Cdpnraürnb, pnro funrok sus jnksbenros qudnkns snktbrok `bs absns in toibs `bs trbidldokns nxdstnktns. Fun nstb "rbzb" küridlb in `os Jbnstros `b qun nstuvo nk `os orêmnkns in `bs rn`dmdokns y lu`turbs in `os puna`os in toios `os loktdknktns y lo`orns in pdn`. \n punink nkloktrbr rbstros in` lu`to cdpnraürno nktrn `os dkidos in Bjärdlb in` Kortn, y nktrn `os bktdmuos ns`bvos, y nktrn `os fukibiorns in `b ldvd`dzbldük lcdkb, y nktrn `os kbtdvos in` Wblêfdlo, y nktrn `os b`njbkns ruados, y nktrn `os lcbjbkns knmros in Âfrdlb Olldinktb`, y nktrn `os bztnlbs in pdn` roeb, y nktrn `os cunsuios jokmo`ns. Ko cby tb`ns pnrsokbs nk n` p`bkntb qun ko tnkmbk n` jdto in` "cojarn so`nbio", \okknkjnkslc. @b vnribinrb Jnktn nspdrdtub`, supnrrbldokb`, n` @omos idvdko idv dko,, `b lbpbldi lbpbldibi bi in vnr b tr trbv bväs äs in in`` jukio su B`jb snlrntb sok `bs lub`dibins qun

infdknk Iokin cby Wurnzbnk\bmrbib prnsnktn,b`sdkKortn. djportbr iükin nstnjos n` tdnjpoy o\badiurêb, n` nspbldo.n` Kortn nstâ dkvdsda`njnktn 6.3 Mnktn in` \ur

 

^k cojarn in` \ur, n` tdpo in Mokiwbkb ns nxbltbjnktn `o loktrbrdo in` tdpo "küridlo". N` cojarn in` \ur vdvn roinbio in nfnltos, jbkdfnstbldokns snlukibrdbs8 jorb nk n` losjos, b` qun qun rnv rnvnrn nrnkl kldb, db, pn pnro ro ko ko lojprnkin.  Biorb `o nxtnrdor, pnro ko `o dktnrdor. Loksnrvb ludibiosbjnktn `bs cun``bs in `b nspdrdtub`dibi, su nklbrkbldük nk n` nktorko jbtnrdb`, pnro ko punin pbsbr in `o sdjao`dzbio b `o sdjao`dzbio. N` cojarn in` \ur vdvn in pbsdokns n djpu`sos, bktnpokn `o nspdrdtub` b `o nspdrdtub` (qun sdjp`njnktn ko lokoln) y cokrb b `b Vdib lojo jâxdjb butordibi. N` cojarn in` \ur sn lbrbltnrdzb por n` lu`to b `b Mrbk Jbirn, `b jbtnrdb qun mnknrb `b idvnrsdibi in forjbs. @b ldvd`dzbldük in` \ur ns `b ldvd`dzbldük in `b @ukb, qun rnldan su `uz in` \o` (Kortn), `b loksnrvb y `b trbksjdtn iurbktn b`mõk tdnjpo, pnro pnrdüidlbjnktn pdnrin loktblto lok n``b (`ukb kunvb). Cojarn in` \ur Jokijnkslc. Lubkio `b mnktn in` \ur nstâ nk brjokêb lok `b mnktn in` Kortn, d. rnlokolnk su butordibi y su supnrdordibi tdpo`ümdlb (jâs qun rbldb`), rndkb `b brjokêb nktrn ldvd`dzbldokns. Lubkio rnl`bjbk `b prdjblêb in su rn`bldük brquntêpdlb lok `b rnb`dibi, surmn uk tdpo lu`turb` idstorsdokbio qun punin infdkdrsn lo`nltdvbjnktn lojo dio`btrêb,  fntdlcdsjo o pbmbkdsjo (nk n` snktdio knmbtdvo y pnyorbtdvo in` tärjdko). Lojo nk n` lbso in `os pb`noloktdknktns, `os tdpos puros in` kortn y in` sur nxdstdnrok so`o nk `b bktdmðnibi. @b mnktn in` Kortn y `b mnktn in` \ur sn opusdnrok nk `bs nrbs ordmdkb`ns. Jâs tbrin, puna`os nktnros in` kortn pnkntrbrok nk `bs tdnrrbs in` sur, fukibkio ldvd`dzbldokns b vnlns prokukldbibs lojo "küridlbs" in` bktdmuo Drâk, Dkidb. Wor otro `bio, `os surnòos b vnlns sn ntl. funrok jâs b` kortn,ordmdkb` trbynkio su tdpo lu`turb` fdk`bkinsns, nsqudjb`ns, lcuhlcd, Wolojulco b polo, `b l`brdibi in` pbkorbjb sblro-mnomrâfdlo sn fun kua`bkio. Wnro b pnsbr in toio, n` iub`dsjo tdpo`ümdlo in "puna`o in` Kortn" y "puna`o in` \ur" pnrsdstdü nk toios `os tdnjpos y nk toibs `bs äpolbs, pnro ko tbkto lojo uk lokf`dlto  nxtnrko in ios ldvd`dzbldokns idfnrnktns, sdko lojo uk lokf`dlto dktnrko. inktro in `b jdsjb ldvd`dzbldük. N` tdpo in` Kortn y n` tdpo in` \ur, b pbrtdr in uk ldnrto jojnkto in `b cdstordb sbmrbib, sn opoknk nk toibs pbrtns, dkinpnkidnktnjnktn in` `umbr nspnlêfdlo in` p`bkntb. 6.4 Kortn y \ur nk Nstn y Onstn N` tdpo in mnktn in` Kortn poirêb proynltbrsn cbldb n` \ur, y cbldb n` Nstn, y cbldb n` Onstn. Nk n` \ur, `b @uz in` Kortn cdzo kblnr mrbkins ldvd`dzbldokns jntbfêsdlbs lojo `b dkidb, `b drbkdb o `b lcdkb, qun, nk `b sdtu sdtubldük bldük in` \ur "loks "loksnrvbi nrvbior", or", loksnrvbrok loksnrvbrok iurbktn julco tdnjpo `b Qnvn`bldük qun `ns cbaêb sdio lokfdbib. \dk njabrmo, `b sdjp`dldibi y l`brdibi in` sdjao`dsjo in` kortn sn lokvdrtdü bquê nk ukb lojp`nedibi y lojp`nedibi idvnrsb in ioltrdkbs sbmrbibs, rdtub`ns y rdtub`ns. \dk njabrmo, lubkto jâs b` \ur, jâs iäad`ns sok `bs cun``bs in` Kortn. T nktrn `os cbadtbktns in `bs Ds`bs in` Wblêfdlo y \uiâfrdlb, `os jotdvos "küridlos" nk `b jdto`omêb y `os rdtub`ns sn loksnrvbk in forjb nxtrnjbibjnktn frbmjnktbrdb, ruidjnktbrdb n dkl`uso idstorsdokbib. Nk Ordnktn, n` Kortn sn jbkdfdnstb lojo ukb soldnibi trbidldokb` l`âsdlb absbib nk `b supnrdordibi dknquêvolb in` suprbdkidvdiub` soarn n` dkidvdiuo, iokin `o "cujbko" y `o "rbldokb`" sok aorrbios frnktn b `o soarncujbko y suprbrrbldokb`. Wrdkldpdo. \d n` \ur ib b `b ldvd`dzbldük n` lbrâltnr in "nstbad`dibi", n` Nstn intnrjdkb su sblrb`dibi y butnktdldibi, luyo prdkldpb` mbrbktn ns `b @uz in` Kortn. Nk Ol Olld ldin inktn ktn,, n` Ko Kort rtnn sn jb jbkd kdfn fnst stüü nk soldnibins cnrodlbs,  iok iokin in `b tnk tnkink inkldb ldb dkcnrnktn in Olldinktn lojo tb` b `b frbmjnktbldük, `b dkidvdiub`dzbldük y `b rbldokb`dzbldük sn supnrü, y n` dkidvdiuo, lokvdrtdäkiosn nk Cäron, supnrü n` nstrnlco jbrlo in` "cujbko tbjadäk". pnrsokb`dibi cujbkb". N` Kortn nk Olldinktn nstâ pnrsokdfdlbio por `b fdmurb sdjaü`dlb in Cärlu`ns, qudnk, por uk `bio, `danrb b Wrojntno (ukb tnkinkldb "cujbkdstb",

purbjnktn olldinktb`, qun `ulcb loktrb `os idosns), y, por otro `bio, byuib b Unus y b `os idosns b inrrotbr b `os idosns. mdmbktns qun sn cbk `nvbktbio loktrb n``os (ns inldr, sdrvn nk anknfdldo in `bs korjbs sbmrbibs y n` orink nspdrdtub`).

 

N` sur, por n` loktrbrdo, sn proynltb soarn `bs trns ordnktbldokns nxbltbjnktn in forjb opunstb. Nk n` Kortn, ib n` nfnlto in " brlbêsjo" y nstbklbjdnk nstbklbjdnkto to lu`turb`. Dkl`uso `bs propdbs trbidldokns in` kortn, "küridlbs", abeo `b dkf`unkldb in n`njnktos in` sur, "pb`nobsdâtdlos", "fdk`bkinsns" o "nsqudjb`ns", biqudnrnk n` lbrâltnr in "dio`btrêb" y "fntdlcdsjo". (Nsto, nk pbrtdl pbr tdlu`b u`br, r, ns lbr lbrblt bltnrê nrêstd stdlo lo in `b ldv ldvd`d d`dzbl zbldük dük mnr mnrjbk jbko-n o-nslb slbkid kidkbv kbvbb in `b "nr "nrbb in `os nslb`ios"). Nk Ordnktn, `bs funrzbs in` \ur sn jbkdfdnstbk nk soldnibins inspütdlbs, iokin `b korjb` y eustb dkidfnrnkldb ordnktb` cbldb n` dkidvdiuo sn lokvdnrtn nk knmbldük in` mrbk \uento \oarncujbko. Yoibs `bs forjbs in totb`dtbrdsjo nk n` Nstn nstâk tbkto tdpo`ümdlb lojo rbldb`jnktn loknltbibs lok n` \ur.  T fdkb`jnktn, nk Olldinktn, n` \ur sn jbkdfdnstb nk forj forjbs bs in dkid dkidvdiub vdiub`dsj `dsjo  o  jbtnrdb`dstbs nxtrnjbibjnktn nxtrnjbibjnktn lruibs, lubkio `os dkidvdiuos btüjdlos b`lbkzbk n` `êjdtn in `b inmnknrbldük bktdcnrodlb, biorbkio so`o b` "anlnrro in oro" in `b lojoidibi y n` cniokdsjo nmoêstb. nmoê stb. Oavd Oavdbjnkt bjnktn, n, ns prnl prnldsbjn dsbjnktn ktn nstb lojadkbldük lojadkbldük in ios tnkin tnkinkldbs kldbs mnopo`êtdlbs mnopo`êtdlbs sbmr sb mrbi bibs bs `b qu qunn ib n` tdtdpo po in ld ldvd vd`d`dzb zbld ldük ük jâ jâss kn knmb mbtdtdvo vo,, yb qu qunn sn su supn pnrp rpok oknk nk io ioss ordnktbldokns, yb knmbtdvbs nk sê jdsjbs5 n` \ur nk `b vnrtdlb` y n` Onstn nk `b cordzoktb`. 6.27 In loktdknktns b jntbloktdknktns \d nk `b pn pnrs rspn pnlt ltdv dvbb in `b mn mnom omrb rbfêfêbb sb sbmr mrbi bibb n` ko kort rtnn sd sdja jaü` ü`dl dloo lo lorr rrns nspo poki kinn dknquêvolbjnktn b `os bspnltos posdtdvos y n` sur b `os knmbtdvos, nktoklns nk ukb djbmnk mnopo`êtdlb purbjnktn joinrkb in` jukio, toio ns julco jâs lojp`dlbio y, in b`mukb jbknrb, dkl`uso vdlnvnrsb. @b mnopo`êtdlb joinrkb abeo n` tärjdko "Kortn" y "\ur" lojprnkin lbtnmorêbs lojp`ntbjnktn idfnrnktns b `b mnomrbfêb sbmrbib. Nk prdjnr `umbr, n` pb`noloktdknktn in` Kortn, Cdpnraürnb, ko nxdstn b kdvn` fêsdlo insin cbln julcos jd`nkdos, qunibkio lojo ukb rnb`dibi nspdrdtub`, cbldb `b lub` sn idrdmn `b jdrbib nspdrdtub` in `os dkdldbios, nk auslb in `b Yrbidldük ordmdkb`. Nk snmukio `umbr, `b bktdmub rbzb küridlb, `b rbzb in `os "jbnstros a`bklos" qun vdkdnrok in` po`o nk `b nrb prdjoridb`, ko lodkldin nk baso`uto lok `o qun lojõkjnktn sn ``bjb coy nk iêb `b "rbzb a`bklb", absâkiosn õkdlbjnktn nk lbrbltnrêstdlbs fêsdlbs, lo`or in pdn`, ntl N` Kortn in `b Yrbidldük y su poa`bldük ordmdkbrdb, `os "butültokos küridlos" cbln tdnjpo qun inebrok in rnprnsnktbr ukb rnb`dibi cdstürdlb y mnomrâfdlb nspnlêfdlb. Bpbrnktnjnktn, dkl`uso `os õ`tdjos rnstos in nstb lu`turb prdjoridb` insbpbrnldnrok in `b rnb`dibi fêsdlb cbln yb vbrdos jd`nkdos.  Bsê, n` Kortn nk `b Yrbidldük ns ukb rnb`dibi jntbcdstürdlb y jntbmnomrâfdlb. @o jdsjo punin inldrsn in `b "rbzb Cdpnraürnb"8 ns ukb "rbzb" ko nk uk snktdio ado`ümdlo, sdko nk uk snktdio jntbfêsdlo purbjnktn nspdrdtub`. (N` tnjb in `bs "rbzbs jntbfêsdlbs" fun insbrro``bio nk intb``n nk `os nslrdtos in Eu`dus Nvo`b). N` Loktdknktn in` \ur y n` \ur nk su lokeukto @bs trbidldokns tbjadäk yb ko nxdstnk nk su forjb purb, bsê lojo su bktdmub poa`bldük. Nk ldnrto snktdio, lbsd toio n` p`bkntb sn lokvdrtdü nk "\ur" b pbrtdr in ldnrto jojnkto, b jnidib qun sn nstrnlcbab `b dkf`unkldb soarn n` jukio in` lnktro dkdldâtdlo po`br ordmdkb` y sus jnksbenros. @bs joinrkbs rbzbs in` \ur sok proiulto in kujnrosos nktrnlruzbjdnktos lok `bs rbzbs in` Kortn, y cbln tdnjpo qun n` lo`or in `b pdn` cb inebio in snr n` prdkldpb` sdmko idstdktdvo in pnrtnknkldb b ukb u otrb "rbzb jntbfêsdlb". Nk otrbs pb`barbs, `b djbmnk mnopo`êtdlb joinrkb in` jukio tdnkn juy polo nk lojõk lok `b vdsdük fukibjnktb` in` jukio nk su snlldük supnrcdstürdlb y trbkstnjporb`. @os

loktdknktnsqun y sus nk nk kunstrb nrbprdjoridb`ns. sn cbk b`nebio bqun``os brquntdpos `ns poa`bldokns lorrnspokiêbk tdnjpos Wor `o`o jâs tbkto,posda`n nktrn in loktdknktns rnb` rn b`ns ns y rb rbzb zbss rn rnb` b`ns ns (l (loj ojoo rn rnb` b`di dibi bins ns in `b mn mnop opo` o`êtêtdl dlbb jo join inrkb rkb), ), po porr uk `b `bio io,, y

 

jntbloktdknktns y jntbrbzbs (lojo rnb`dibins in `b mnomrbfêb sbmrbib trbidldokb`), por otro `bio, coy ko cby so`o ukb idfnrnkldb, sdko lbsd ukb idfnrnkldb. lorrnspokinkldb dkvnrsb. 6.22 D`usdük in` "Kortn rdlo" @b mnopo`êtdlb joinrkb utd`dzb n` loklnpto in "Kortn" lok jbyor frnlunkldb lok `b infdkdldük in "rdlo", "kortn rdlo", bsê lojo "kortn insbrro``bio". Nsto sn nktdnkin lojo `b totb`dibi olldinktb`, n` insbrro``o in` bspnlto jbtnrdb` yo nloküjdloinin`b`bldvd`dzbldük vdib. N` "Kortn Qdlo" nsqun rdlosnkolnktrb porqunnksnb jâs dktn`dmnktn, jâs dktn`nltub` nspdrd nsp drdtub tub`` qun n` "\ur "\ur", ", sdk sdkoo por porqun qun lok lokstr struyn uyn su sds sdstnj tnjbb sol soldb` db` soa soarn rn n` prd prdkld kldpdo pdo in jbxdjdzbr `os anknfdldos jbtnrdb`ns qun punink inrdvbrsn in` potnkldb` soldb` y kbturb`, in `b nxp`otbld nxp`o tbldük. ük. in `os rnlursos cujbkos y kbtur kbturb`ns b`ns.. N` "kortn rdlo rdlo"" sn bsoldb rbldb`jnktn rbldb`jnktn lok bqun``os puna`os qun sok a`bklos, y nstb lbrbltnrêstdlb suaybln nk vbrdbs vnrsdokns in "rbldsjo olldinktb`" badnrto o nkluadnrto (nspnldb`jnktn bkm`osbeük). @os äxdtos in` "Kortn rdlo" nk `b nsfnrb jbtnrdb` funrok n`nvbios b prdkldpdo po`êtdlo n dkl`uso "rbldb`" prnldsbjnktn nk bqun``os pbêsns qun nstbabk b `b vbkmubridb in` insbrro``o dkiustrdb`, tälkdlo y nloküjdlo, ns inldr, Dkm`btnrrb, Co`bkib y jâs tbrin B`njbkdb y Nstbios ^kdios. Nk nstn lbso, n` adnknstbr jbtnrdb` y lubktdtbtdvo sn nqudpbrü b uk lrdtnrdo lub`dtbtdvo, y nk absn b n``o `os jâs rdiêlu`os prneudldos soarn `b "abrabrdn", "prdjdtdvdsjo", "suainsbrro``o" n "dkfrbcujbkdibi" in` sur (ns inldr, `b ko pnrtnknkldb b` "Kortn rdlo") insbrro``bio. ") puna`os. Nstn "rbldsjo nloküj nl oküjdlo dlo"" fun nsp nspnld nldb`j b`jnkt nktnn nv nvdin dinktn ktn nk `bs lok lokqud qudstb stbss lo` lo`okd okdb`n b`nss bkm bkm`os `osbeo beokbs kbs,, y postnrdorns njan``nldibs nktrbrok nk `os`os bspnltos jâs lruios y loktrbidltordos in `b dino`omêb vnrsdokns kbldokb`soldb`dstb. Binjâs, b jnkuio dinü`omos kbzds sdjp`njnktn jnzl`babk lokenturbs vbmbs soarn n` "koridsjo nspdrdtub`" puro y `b "rbzb brdb nspdrdtub`" lok n` rbldsjo vu`mbr, vu`mb r, jnrlb jnrlbktd`, ktd`, ado`ü ado`ümdlo mdlo-lojn -lojnrldb rldb`` in` tdpo dkm` dkm`äs. äs. (Wor ldnr ldnrto, to, fun prnl prnldsbjn dsbjnktn ktn nstb sustdtuldük in `bs lbtnmorêbs in mnomrbfêb sbmrbib por `bs lbtnmorêbs in insbrro``o jbtnrdb` y tälkdlo `o qun fun n` `bio jâs knmbtdvo in` kbldokb`soldb`dsjo, `o qun fdkb`jnktn ``nvü b su lo`bpso po`êtdlo, tnürdlo n dkl`uso jd`dtbr). Wnro dkl`uso inspuäs in `b inrrotb in` Ynrlnr Qndlc, nstn tdpo in rbldsjo in` "Kortn rdlo" ko insbpbrnldü in `b vdib po`êtdlb. \dk njabrmo, sus portbbvdokns funrok prdkldpb`jnktn `os Nstbios ^kdios y sus lo`baorbiorns bt`bktdstbs nk Nuropb Olldinktb`. Wor supunsto, nk `bs õ`tdjbs ioltrdkbs jukidb`dstbs in` "Kortn rdlo" ko sn nkfbtdzb n` tnjb in `b purnzb ado`ümdlb y rbldb`, pnro, sdk njabrmo, nk `b prâltdlb, nk rn`bldük lok `os pbêsns suainsbrro``bios y nk insbrro``o in` Ynrlnr Jukio, n` "Kortn rdlo". bõk coy junstrb ukb brrombkldb purbjnktn "rbldstb", lbrbltnrêstdlb tbkto in `os lo`okdb`dstbs ardtâkdlos lojo in `bs ortoioxdbs kbldokb`soldb`dstbs b`njbkbs in `b `êknb Qosnkanrm. In cnlco, n` "Kortn rdlo" mnopo`êtdlbjnktn sdmkdfdlb bqun``os pbêsns nk `os qun cbk mbkbio `bs funrzbs idrnltbjnktn opunstbs b `bs Yrbidldokns, `bs funrzbs in `b lbktdibi, n` jbtnrdb`dsjo, n` btnêsjo, `b inmrbibldük nspdrdtub` y `b inmnknrbldük nspdrdtub`. "Kortn Qdlo" sdmkdfdlb b`mo rbidlb`jnktn idfnrnktn in` "koridldsjo nspdrdtub`", in` "nspêrdtu cdpnraürno". @b nsnkldb in` Kortn nk `b mnomrbfêb sbmrbib ns `b prdjblêb in` nspêrdtu soarn `b jbtnrdb, `b vdltordb fdkb` y totb` in `b @uz, `b Eustdldb y `b Wurnzb soarn `b oslurdibi in `b vdib bkdjb`, `b bradtrbrdnibi in `bs bidlldokns dkidvdiub`ns y `b suldnibi in` abeo nmoêsjo. N` "Kortn rdlo" in `b mnopo`êtdlb jukidb`dstb, por otro `bio, sdmkdfdlb adnknstbr purbjnktn jbtnrdb`, cniokdsjo, ukb soldnibi in loksujo, uk psnuio-pbrbêso sdk proa`njbs y brtdfdldb` in bqun``os b qudnkns Kdntzslcn ``bjü "n` õ`tdjo puna`o". N` promrnso jbtnrdb` in `b ldvd`dzbldük tälkdlb nstuvo blojpbòbio in ukb jokstruosb rnmrnsdük nspdrdtub` in ukb lu`turb vnribinrbjnktn sbmrbib, y, por tbkto, insin n` pukto in vdstb in `b Yrbidldük, `b "rdqunzb" in` Kortn joinrko "insbrro``bio" ko punin snrvdr lojo lrdtnrdo in vnribinrb supnrdordibi soarn `b "poarnzb"

jbtnrdb` y n` btrbso tälkdlo in` \ur prdjdtdvo joinrko.  Binjâs, `b ‐poarnzb‚ in` \ur b kdvn` jbtnrdb` nstâ juy b jnkuio dkvnrsbjnktn rn`bldokbib lok `b prnsnrvbldük in forjbs in ldvd`dzbldük vnribinrbjnktn sbmrbibs nk `bs rnmdokns in` sur, `o qun sdmkdfdlb qun `b rdqunzb nspdrdtub` b vnlns sn nslokin intrâs in nstb

 

 ‐poarnzb‚. B` jnkos ios ldvd`dzbldokns sbmrbibs loktdkõbk nxdstdnkio nk `os nspbldos in` \ur cbstb n` iêb in coy, b pnsbr in toios `os dktnktos in` "kortn rdlo (y bmrnsdvo)" in djpoknr sus propdos nstâkibrns y lbjdkos in insbrro``o b toios. Nstb ns `b Dkidb cdkiõ y n` jukio ds`âjdlo. Lok rnspnlto b `b trbidldük in` @nebko Ordnktn, cby idfnrnktns puktos in vdstb, yb qun b`mukos vnk dkl`uso abeo `b fblcbib in `b rntürdlb "jbrxdstb" y "jboêstb" b`mukos prdkldpdos trbidldokb`ns qun sdnjprn cbk sdio infdkdtordos pbrb `b ldvd`dzbldük sbmrbib lcdkb. \nb lojo funrn, dkl`uso bqun``bs rnmdokns in` sur qun nstâk cbadtbibs por puna`os qun sdmunk lojpro loj projnt jntdio dioss lok trb trbidl idldok dokns ns sbm sbmrbi rbibs bs juy bkt bktdmu dmubs bs y jni jnido do o`v o`vdib dibibs ibs,, toi toibvê bvêb, b, nk lojp lo jpbr brbl bldü dükk lo lokk n` "K "Kor ortn tn rd rdlo lo"" bt btno no y nx nxtr trnj njbi bibj bjnk nktn tn jb jbtn tnrd rdb` b`ds dstb tb,, pb pbrn rnln lnkk sn snrr "nspdrdtub`ns", "p`nko" y "korjb`", jdnktrbs qun n` propdo "Kortn rdlo", insin uk pukto in vdstb nspdrdtub`, ns lojp`ntbjnktn "bkorjb`" y "pbto`ümdlo". 6.21 @b pbrbioeb in` "Ynrlnr Jukio" N` "\ur poarn" nk `os proynltos jukidb`dstbs ns in cnlco uk sdkükdjo in` "Ynrlnr Jukio". Nstn jukio fun ``bjbio n` "Ynrlnro" iurbktn `b Munrrb Frêb, y nstn jdsjo loklnpto sumnrêb qun `os prdjnros ios "jukios", n` lbpdtb`dstb insbrro``bio y n` sovdätdlo jnkos insbrro``bio, sok jâs djportbktns y sdmkdfdlbtdvos pbrb `b mnopo`êtdlb m`oab` qun toibs `bs injâs rnmdokns. Nk prdkldpdo, `b nxprnsdük "Ynrlnr Jukio" tdnkn uk sdmkdfdlbio pnyorbtdvo, yb qun, in blunrio lok `b `ümdlb jdsjb in` nkfoqun utd`dtbrdstb in` "Kortn rdlo", tb` infdkdldük nk rnb`dibi nqudpbrb b `os pbêsns in` "Ynrlnr Jukio" lok `os in "kbidn". absns in `os rnlursos kbturb`ns cujbkos, sü`ordlo‚ inank snr câad`jnktn soeuzmbios,lok nxp`otbios y utd`dzbiosrbsmos pbrb sus fdkns.  B` jdsjo ytdnjpo, n` qun ‐Kortn eumü `os trbidldokb`ns po`êtdlos, dino`ümdlos y rn`dmdosos in` ‐\ur poarn‚, trbtbkio in poknr b` snrvdldo in sus dktnrnsns purbjnktn jbtnrdb`dstbs y nloküjdlos bqun``bs funrzbs y nstrulturbs qun, nk tärjdkos in potnkldb` nspdrdtub`, supnrü lok lrnlns n` kdvn` nspdrdtub` in` propdo "Kortn". Lbsd sdnjprn tuvo äxdto nk nsto, yb qun n` jojnkto lêl`dlo nk n` insbrro``o in kunstrb ldvd`dzbldük fbvornln tnkinkldbs pnrvnrtdibs, bkorjb`ns y bktdkbturb`ns (snmõk `b Yrbidldük, bcorb nstbjos nk n` õ`tdjo pnrêoio in `b "nibi oslurb", Hb`d Tumb). N` cdkiudsjo, n` lokfuldbkdsjo, n` ds`bj, `bs trbidldokns butültokbs in `os puna`os "ko a`bklos" sn lokvdrtdnrok pbrb `os lokqudstbiorns jbtnrdb`ns in` "Kortn rdlo" nk oastâlu`os pbrb `b rnb`dzbldük in sus oaentdvos, pnro b` jdsjo tdnjpo utd`dzbrok b jnkuio ldnrtos bspnltos in `b Yrbidldük. pbrb `omrbr fdkns jnrlbktd`ns,  eumbkio lok `bs loktrbidlldokns, `bs pnlu`dbrdibins rn`dmdosbs o `os proa`njbs kbldokb`ns. Yb` uso utd`dtbrdo in bspnltos in `b Yrbidldük lok fdkns purbjnktn bktdtrbidldokb`ns fun bõk jâs pnrvnrso qun `b knmbldük idrnltb in toib `b Yrbidldük, yb qun `b jbyor pnrvnrsdük loksdstn nk cblnr qun `o mrbkin sdrvb b `o dksdmkdfdlbktn. In cn cnlc lco, o, n` "\ "\ur ur po poar arn" n" ns "p "poa oarn rn"" nk n` p` p`bk bkoo jb jbtn tnrd rdb` b` pr prnl nlds dsbj bjnk nktn tn po porr su ordn or dnkt ktbl bldü dükk ns nsnk nkld ldb` b`jn jnkt ktnn ns nspd pdrd rdtub tub`,`, qu qunn bs bsdm dmkb kb sd sdnj njpr prnn uk `u `umb mbrr sn snlu luki kibr brdo do y sd sdkk djportbkldb b `os bspnltos jbtnrdb`ns in `b nxdstnkldb. N` \ur mnopo`êtdlo in kunstrb nrb cb loksnrvbio nk tärjdkos mnknrb`ns ukb bltdtui purbjnktn trbidldokb`dstb cbldb `os oaentos in` jukio nxtnrdor, ukb bltdtui trbkqud`b, insbpnmbib y, nk infdkdtdvb, dkidfnrnktn nk loktrbstn idrnlto lok `b oasnsdük jbtnrdb` in` "Kortn rdlo", b pnsbr in su pbrbkodb jbtnrdb`dstb y cniokdstb. @bs pnrsokbs in` "\ur poarn" nk n` lbso korjb`, pnrjbknldnkio nk `b Yrbidldük, y buk bsê vdvnk jâs p`nkb, jâs profukib y bõk jâs `ueosbjnktn , yb qun `b pbrtdldpbldük bltdvb nk `b sbmrbib Yrbidldük iotb b toios `os bspnltos in su vdib pnrsokb` in nsn sdmkdfdlbio, nsb dktnksdibi, nsb rdqunzb, in `b qun cbk sdio prdvbios iurbktn julco tdnjpo rnprnsnktbktns in` "Kortn rdlo", btorjnktbios por `b knurosds, n` jdnio jbtnrdb`, n` vblêo dktnrdor, `b nxdstnkldb sdk rujao, qun ns so`o uk lb`ndioslopdo `nkto in djâmnkns ard``bktns pnro sdk

snktdio. Woirêb inldrsn qun `b rn`bldük nktrn n` Kortn y n` \ur nk tdnjpos prdjoridb`ns nrb n` po`o opunsto b `b rn`bldük nktrn n``os nk kunstrb nrb, yb qun ns n` \ur n` qun bõk coy loksnrvb vêklu`os lok `b Yrbidldük, jdnktrbs qun n` Kortn fdkb`jnktn `os cb pnridio. Wnro, buk bsê, nstb

 

bfdrjbldük ko luarn in` toio `b totb`dibi in` lubiro rnb`, yb qun `b vnribinrb Yrbidldük ko punin pnrjdtdrsn uk trbto tbk cujd``bktn cbldb sê jdsjb lojo n` qun n` "Kortn rdlo" bmrnsdvobtnêstb prbltdlb lok n` "Ynrlnr Jukio". N` cnlco ns qun `b Yrbidldük sn loksnrvb nk n` \ur sü`o dknrldb`jnktn, frbmjnktbrdbjnktn, pbrldb`jnktn. N``b tojb ukb posdldük pbsdvb y rnsdstn, so`o infnkidäkiosn. Wor `o tbkto, n` Kortn nspdrdtub` ko pbsb lojp`ntbjnktn b` \ur b` fdkb` in `os tdnjpos8 nk n` \ur, `os djpu`sos nspdrdtub`ns qun ukb vnz vdkdnrok in` Kortn sbmrbio so`o sn bluju`bk y loksnrvbk. Nk prdkldpdo, ukb dkdldbtdvb trbidldokb` bltdvb ko punin vnkdr in` \ur.  T vdlnvnrsb, n` "kortn rdlo" jukidb`dstb `omrü fortb`nlnr su pnrkdldosb dkf`unkldb nk n` p`bkntb in tb` jbknrb mrbldbs b `bs propdbs nspnldfdldibins in `bs rnmdokns in` kortn, qun sok propnksbs b `b bltdvdibi. N` Kortn cb sdio y sdmun sdnkio n` `umbr in poinr por nxln`nkldb, por `o qun `bs dkdldbtdvbs mnopo`êtdlbs qun vdnknk in` Kortn sok vnribinrbjnktn nfnltdvbs. N` "\ur poarn" tdnkn coy toibs `bs vnktbebs nspdrdtub`ns soarn n` "Kortn rdlo", pnro b` jdsjo tdnjpo ko punin snrvdr lojo ukb b`tnrkbtdvb snrdb b `b bmrnsdük profbkb in` "Kortn rdlo", ko punin ofrnlnr uk proynlto mnopo`êtdlo rbidlb` qun punib insabrbtbr n` lubiro pbto`ümdlo in` nspbldo p`bkntbrdo joinrko. 6.2< N` pbpn` in` "\nmukio Jukio" Nk n` lubiro mnopo`êtdlo adpo`br in` "Kortn rdlo" y n` "\ur poarn" sdnjprn cb cbadio uk lojpoknktn bidldokb` qun tnkêb uk sdmkdfdlbio dkinpnkidnktn y juy djportbktn. Nstn ns n` snmukio jukio. N` "snmukio jukio" sn nktdnkin lojõkjnktn lojo n` lbjpo soldb`dstb dktnmrbio nk n` sdstnjb sovdätdlo. Nstn "snmukio jukio" ko nrb kd uk vnribinro "Kortn rdlo", yb qun ldnrtos jotdvos nspdrdtub`ns dkf`uynrok djp`êldtbjnktn nk `b dino`omêb kojdkb`jnktn jbtnrdb`dstb in` soldb`dsjo sovdätdlo, kd uk vnribinro "Ynrlnr Jukio", yb qun nk mnknrb` `b ordnktbldük cbldb n` insbrro``o jbtnrdb`, n` "promrnso" y otros prdkldpdos purbjnktn profbkos suayblnk nk n` sdstnjb sovdätdlo. Mnopo`êtdlbjnktn, `b ^Q\\ nurobsdâtdlb tbjadäk nstbab uadlbib tbkto nk `os tnrrdtordos in `b "poarn Bsdb" lojo nk `bs tdnrrbs in ukb Nuropb abstbktn "ldvd`dzbib". Iurbktn n` pnrêoio in` soldb`dsjo, n` ldkturük p`bkntbrdo in` "Kortn rdlo" sn bardü nk n` nstn in Nurbsdb, lojp`dlbkio `b l`brdibi in `bs rn`bldokns mnopo`êtdlbs b `o `brmo in` nen Kortn-\ur. N` fdk in` "\nmukio Jukio" lojo ldvd`dzbldük nspnldb` sumdnrn ios b`tnrkbtdvbs pbrb `bs nxtnksdokns nurobsdâtdlbs in `b bktdmub ^Q\\5 o dktnmrbrsn nk n` "Kortn rdlo" (rnprnsnktbio por Olldinktn y Nstbios ^kdios) o ins`dzbrsn cbldb n` "Kortn poarn". \ur", ns inldr lokvnrtdrsn nk n` Ynrlnr Jukio. Ybjadäk ns posda`n ukb opldük in lojprojdso pbrb qun pbrtn in `bs rnmdokns sn insp`blnk cbldb n` "Kortn" y otrbs cbldb n` "\ur". Lojo sdnjprn nk `osb`õ`tdjos sdm`os, `b dkdldbtdvb in rnidstrdaudr `os nspbldos mnopo`êtdlos nk nstn prolnso pnrtnknln "Kortn rdlo", qun, utd`dzbkio lêkdlbjnktn `bs pbrbioebs in` loklnpto jdsjo in` "\nmukio Jukio", trbzb kunvos `êjdtns mnopo`êtdlos y rnidstrdauyn zokbs in dkf`unkldb. @os fbltorns kbldokb`ns, nloküjdlos y rn`dmdosos sok sü`o cnrrbjdnktbs c nrrbjdnktbs pbrb `os jukidb`dstbs nk sus bltdvdibins lêkdlbs y profukibjnktn jotdvbibs por n` jbtnrdb`dsjo. Ko ns sorprnkinktn qun, binjâs in `b fb`sb rntürdlb "cujbkdstb", sn utd`dlnk lbib vnz jâs brmujnktos lbsd badnrtbjnktn "rbldstbs", idsnòbios pbrb dklu`lbr nk `os rusos uk lojp`neo in brrombkldb "a`bklb" cbldb `os bsdâtdlos y lbulâsdlos in` sur. Lorrn`bldokbio lok nsto nstâ n` prolnso dkvnrso5 n` rnlcbzo fdkb` in `os tnrrdtordos tnrrd tordos in` sur in` bktdmuo "\nmukio "\nmukio Jukio" b` "\ur poarn poarn"" vb blojpbòbio blojpbòbio in uk eunmo soarn `bs tnkinkldbs fukibjnktb`dstbs, soarn n` bkcn`o in `b mnktn por `b Yrbidldük, por n` rnkbldjdnkto in `b rn`dmdük. N` "\nmukio Jukio", b` insdktnmrbrsn, sn inslojpokn nk `bs `êknbs in` "trbidldokb`dsjo" (in` tdpo surnòo surnòo,, dknrl dknrldb`, db`, loksnrvbior) loksnrvbior) y in` "bktd "bktdtrbid trbidldokb ldokb`dsjo `dsjo"" (in` tdpo bltdvbjnktn bltdvbjnktn

kortnòo, joinrkdstb Yb`ko iub`dsjo, qun njnrmdnkio coy, pnro qun prokt pr oktoo sn lokv lo kvnr nrtdtdrâ rây jbtnrdb`dstb). nk n` fn fnkü küjn jnko iojd io jdkb kbkt ktnn bpnkbs in `b nstâ mnop mn opo` o`êtêtdl dlbb nu nuro robs bsdâ dâtdtdlb lb,, ns nstâ tâ prnintnrj prni ntnrjdkbio dkbio por `b nxpb nxpbksdük ksdük in `b lojprnksdük lojprnksdük jukidb jukidb`dst `dstbb in` jukio nk tärjd tärjdkos kos in "Kortn rdlo" y "\ur poarn". ^k dktnkto in sb`vbr n` bktdmuo Mrbk Nspbldo \ovdätdlo, uk dktnkto

 

in sdjp`njnktn prnsnrvbr n` "\nmukio Jukio" lojo b`mo dkinpnkidnktn y nk nqud`dardo b` aorin nktrn n` Kortn y n` \ur (nk uk snktdio purbjnktn joinrko), ko punin snr lorokbio lok äxdto cbstb qun n` loklnpto fukibjnktb` in `b mnopo`êtdlb joinrkb, nktnkidib y rnb`dzbib nk su forjb rnb`, jâs b``â in toibs `bs inl`brbldokns nkmbòosbs in lbrâltnr cujbkdtbrdo y nloküjdlo. N` "\nmukio Jukio" nstâtdnjpo, insbpbrnldnkio. Tb ko `umbr nkn`n`"\ur pbkorbjb mnopo`êtdlo joinrko. B` jdsjo lrnln `b prnsdük in` tdnkn "Kortnuk rdlo" soarn poarn", nkfrnktbio b `b jbtnrdb`dibi bmrnsdvb in `b ldvd`dzbldük tnlkolrâtdlb bktn `b busnkldb in ukb dkstbkldb dktnrjnidb qun cb nxdstdio cbstb bcorb in` "\nmukio Jukio". ". B`mõk otro instdko qun ukb nsldsdük totb` snmõk `bs rnm`bs idltbibs por n` "Kortn rdlo" ns posda`n pbrb n` "\nmukio Jukio" sü`o b trbväs in uk rnlcbzo rbidlb` in `b `ümdlb p`bkntbrdb in` nen idlotüjdlo Kortn-\ur, tojbio nk ukb vnkb jukidb`dstb. 6.29 Wroynlto Qnsurrnlldük in` Kortn N` "kortn jukidb`dstb rdlo" nstâ m`oab`dzbkio su iojdkdo soarn n` p`bkntb b trbväs in `b nsldsdük y instrulldük in` "\nmukio Jukio". Nsto nk `b mnopo`êtdlb joinrkb sn ``bjb n` "kunvo orink jukidb`". @bs funrzbs bltdvbs in `b bktdtrbidldük lokso`dibk su vdltordb soarn `b rnsdstnkldb pbsdvb in `bs rnmdokns in` sur, b lostb in` btrbso nloküjdlo prnsnrvbkio y protnmdnkio `b Yrbidldük nk sus forjbs rnsdiub`ns. @bs nknrmêbs mnopo`êtdlbs dktnrkbs in` "\nmukio Jukio" sn nkfrnktbk b `b n`nlldük in dktnmrbrsn nk n` sdstnjb in` "ldkturük in` kortn kor tn ldv ldvd`d d`dzbi zbio" o" y fdk fdkb`j b`jnkt nktnn lor lortbr tbr `os `b `bzos zos lok `b cds cdstor tordb db sbm sbmrbi rbibb (n` pro proynl ynlto to in` jukidb`dsjo in dzqudnrib), o lokvnrtdrsn nk uk tnrrdtordo olupbio. tnrrdtordo lok n` pnrjdso in `b rnstburbldük pbrldb` in b`mukos bspnltos in `b trbidldük (n` proynlto in` jukidb`dsjo in inrnlcb). Ns nk nstb idrnlldük qun `os bloktnldjdnktos sn nstâk insbrro``bkio coy y sn insbrro``brâk nk uk futuro prüxdjo. Lojo proynlto b`tnrkbtdvo, ns posda`n forju`br tnürdlbjnktn uk lbjdko idfnrnktn in trbksforjbldokns mnopo`êtdlbs, mnopo`êtdlbs, absbio nk n` rnlcbzo in `b `ümdlb jukidb`dstb Kortn-\ur y nk n` rntorko b` nspêrdtu in `b mnkudkb mnomrbfêb sbmrbib tbkto lojo snb posda`n b` fdkb` in `b oslurdibi. nkvnenlnr. Nstn ns n` proynlto in` "Mrbk Qntorko" o, nk otrb tnrjdko`omêb, `b "Mrbk Munrrb in `os Loktdknktns". Nk `os tärjdkos jâs mnknrb`ns, `b nsnkldb in nstn proynlto ns `b sdmudnktn. 2) "N` Kortn rdlo" sn opokn ko b` "\ur poarn", sdko b` "Kortn poarn‚.  "Woor Kortc" ns uk dinb`, uk dinb` sbmrbio in uk rntorko b `os orêmnkns küridlos in `b ldvd`dzbldük. Yb` Kortn ns "poarn" porqun sn nk n` bslntdsjo nk `bnkinvoldük b `os vb`orns jâsWoarn" b`tos in `b Yrbidldük, nk absb n` sblrdfdldo totb` in `ototb`, jbtnrdb` brbs in rbidlb` `o nspdrdtub`. N` "Kortn nxdstn mnomrâfdlbjnktn sü`o nk `os tnrrdtordos in Qusdb qun, sdnkio, nk nsnkldb, n` "\nmukio Jukio", sn opuso soldopo`êtdlbjnktn cbstb n` õ`tdjo jojnkto b `b blnptbldük infdkdtdvb in `b ldvd`dzbldük jukidb`dstb nk sus forjbs jâs "promrnsdstbs". @bs tdnrrbs in` kortn nurobsdâtdlo in Qusdb sok `os õkdlos tnrrdtordos p`bkntbrdos qun ko cbk sdio lojp`ntbjnktn insbrro``bios por n` "Kortn rdlo", cbadtbio por puna`os trbidldokb`ns y qun lokstdtuynk `b tdnrrb dklümkdtb in` jukio joinrko. N` lbjdko in` "Kortn Woarn" pbrb Qusdb sdmkdfdlb uk rnlcbzo tbkto b `b dktnmrbldük nk n` ldkturük jukidb`dstb lojo b `b brlbdzbldük in sus propdbs trbidldokns y su rniulldük b` kdvn` in fo`l`orn in ukb rnsnrvb ätkdlo-rn`dmdosb. N` "Woarn Kortn" inan snr nspdrdtub`, dktn`nltub`, bltdvo y bmrnsdvo. Nk otrbs rnmdokns in` "Kortn rdlo", tbjadäk ns posda`n ukb potnkldb` oposdldük b` "Kortn poarn", qun punin jbkdfnstbrsn nk uk sbaotben rbidlb` por pbrtn in `b ä`dtn dktn`nltub` olldinktb` in` lurso fukibjnktb` in `b "ldvd`dzbldük lojnrldb`", uk `nvbktbjdnkto loktrb n` jukio in fdkbkzbs pbrb `os vb`orns bktdmuos y ntnrkos in` Nspêrdtu, `b

 eustdldb, n` sblrdfdldo in uko jdsjo. N` ‐Kortn poarn‚ dkdldb ukb abtb``b mnopo`êtdlb n dino`ümdlb lok n` ‐Kortn rdlo‚, babkiokbkio sus proynltos, cbldnkio nstb``br sus p`bkns por inktro y por funrb, solbvbkio su djpnlba`n nfdldnkldb, frustrbkio sus jbqudkbldokns soldopo`êtdlbs.

 

1) N` "\ur poarn", dklbpbz in rnsdstdr dkinpnkidnktnjnktn b` "Kortn rdlo", nktrb nk ukb  b`dbkzb rbidlb` lok n` "Kortn poarn (nurobsdâtdlo)" y lojdnkzb ukb `ulcb in `danrbldük loktrb  `b idltbiurb in` "kortn‚.  Ns nspnldb`jnktn djportbktn btblbr b `os rnprnsnktbktns in `b

dino`omêb in` "sur rdlo", ns inldr, por bqun``bs funrzbs qun, trbabebkio pbrb n` "Kortn rdlo", infdnkink n` "insbrro``o", n` "promrnso" y `b "joinrkdzbldük" in `os pbêsns trbidldokb`ns, `o qun nk `b prâltdlb sü`o sdmkdfdlbrâ uk b`nebjdnkto lbib vnz jbyor in `os rnstos in `b sbmrbib Yrbidldük.