Fundamental of Games and Sports

 

FUNDAMENTAL OF GAMES AND SPORTS MR. RONN LESTER B. CANASTRA, LPT

 

FUNDAMENTAL OF GAMES AND SPORTS

COURSE REQUIREMENTS:  All students should actively participated in all oral/online activities

and discussion.  Read all assigned text and other materials attached per lesson.  Punctual performance tasks such as performance task, quizzes, class/home works, reflective papers, reports, projects, major examinations and others.  Regular checking of class attendance.

 

LESSON 1: FUNDAMENTAL OF SPORTS FUNDAMENTAL OF SPORTS Categories of Sports Health Related/Skills Related Fitness

LEARNING OUTCOMES: A. Identify the different categories of sports B. Develop and both health and skills related fitness through citing your daily routine activities.

No. of hours to complete: 2 Hours

 

ENABLING ACTIVITIES: DIRECTION: List down the following word that refers to the categories and example of sports. The word are interconnected and placed p laced either vertically, horizontally or diagonally D

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DIRECTION: List down the following word that refers to the categories and example of sports. The word are interconnected and placed p laced either vertically, horizontally or diagonally

 

SPORTS 

Sport (or sports) is all forms of usually competitive c ompetitive physical activity which, through casual or organized participation, aim to use, maintain or improve physical ability and skills while providing entertainment to participants, and in some cases, spectators.

Categories of Sports It

is an activity that requires physical actions and skills were

individual or teams compete under a set of rules. 

Sports is classified into:

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Individual Sports

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Dual Sports

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Team Sports

 

INDIVIDUAL SPORTS

  are played by one participant on each competing side.

DUAL SPORTS

are played by two competing pairs

TEAM SPORTS

are played by th three ree or more players

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What is the difference of individual/dual sports vs. team sports?

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Individual Sports Foster

a higher amount of discipline, self-confidence, focus and passion.

There are certain sports, such as golf, bowling, and tennis that, for the most part, are considered individual sports, which are sports played alone without teammates.

 



Badminton

Bowling

Golf Swimming

Skiing Snowboarding Track and field

Boxing

Cycling

Figure skating Surfing Wrestling

Skills There

are thousands of individual sports, and the skill requirements for each vary greatly; however, there are certain skills that apply to most individual athletes. Most have high levels of cardiovascular fitness to allow for long hours of practice and play. Most have well-toned muscles and are flexible. One

major advantage of competing in an individual sport is that the

athlete can progress at her own pace to improve skills. The skills needed are more mental than physical. It needs autonomy, self-discipline, self-discipline, focused thinking, and passion. Must work on a specific skill over and over until it is mastered.  Able to practice practice as early or late as wanted and gets to to take all the credit credit for winning.

 

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Critical Elements Individual

sports also allow athletes to aim for personal goals without worrying about

hurting the team. For example, in distance running, an athlete will commonly shoot for a personal best (known as a PB) several times per year. In fact, individual athletes are often said to be competing against themselves. They do have competitors to beat, but they also attempt to improve on their previous best performances as well. There are two basic types of motivation. They are external motivation and intrinsic motivation. 

  External motivation comes motivation comes from someone else or involves gaining a reward. Examples of external motivation include a coach yelling at you to do push-ups, winning a medal, or a parent telling you to clean your room.

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Intrinsic motivation  motivation  literally means that the desire comes from within. This is a trait that many individual sport's athletes possess. Examples include deciding to run a personal best in a 5K race or attempting to qualify for a big tournament. In individual sports, there are no teammates to please or to put peer pressure upon you, as the pressure comes from yourself.

 

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Principles

There are four basic principles that govern training for an individual sport: 

Overload Overload  - You must train harder than normal to force your body to improve.

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Progression Progression  - You must start slowly and build up to overload.

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Reversibility - If you stop training, you will lose some of your gains, but, if you start Reversibility training again, you can get back to your peak.

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Specificity Specificity  - You must train the muscles specific to your sport.

 

Team Sports  Sports   A

team sport includes any sport which involves players working

together towards a shared objective. A team sport is an activity in which a group of individuals, on the same team, work together to accomplish an ultimate goal which is usually to win. This can be done in a number of ways such as outscoring the opposing team. Team members set goals, make decisions, communicate, manage conflict, and solve problems in a supportive, trusting atmosphere in order to accomplish their objectives. This can be seen in sports such as hockey, football, basketball, volleyball, tennis, water polo, lacrosse, rowing, rugby league, rugby union, cricket, handball and many others.

 

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Every team sport is different. Some team sports are practiced between opposing teams, where the players interact directly and simultaneously between them to achieve an objective. The objective generally involves teammates facilitating the movement of a ball or similar item in accordance with a set of rules, in order to score points. This usually involves careful strategic planning, good preparation, and a mental and physical toughness of each individual that is part of the team. Team sports rely on all of the players working together equally in order to succeed at the task at hand. Being part of a team sport requires that each athlete has patience and perseverance since the goals put forth to accomplish might take some time to meet. This involves a good deal of dedication, hard work, and good leadership over that span of time.

 

What does one need to know in playing sports?  Some of the important aspects to consider in learning sports: 1. History 2. Court Dimension/Venue 3. Equipment and Gear  4. Technical and Tactical Skills 5. Rules of the Games 6. Officiating Technical Skills  These are basic or fundamental skills needed to play the game.  Ex. In basketball (dribbling, passing, and shooting) Tactical Skills  These are the decision making skills or strategies used in different situation during the game. A use use of tactical decision during a game is called game sense.. sense  Ex. The use of quick pass and movement against a taller but slower opponent in basketball.

 

Five steps in teaching Tactical Skills Distinguishing the important decision Establishing essential knowledge for athletes Recognizing the signal in situation Giving appropriate tactical options Planning a practice game 

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Planning a Practice Game 1. Preparation/P Preparation/Planning lanning  Date, time and duration of training/practices  Objectives/Goals  Equipment needed during training/pra training/practices ctices 2. Training Proper  Warm- up/ Stretching  Teaching new skills/practice a previous taught skills  Practice game  Cool down and assessment

 

Choosing a Sport 

Some of the consideration that will guide and individual in their choices of sports include:

1.

Weather extremities (hot or cold) for an outdoor sport activities.

2.

 Enjoyment derived from the activity

3.

Previous activity tried and enjoyed

4.

Financial capacity or budget .Activities like skating, golf, and scuba diving required financial investment on equipment and actual activity. activity.

5.

State of health and level of fitness. Demand physical activity may be excessive for the body, having a good condition is recommended.

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Other alternative activities that will give motivation.

 

HEALTH AND SKILLS RELATED FITNESS What Is Physical Fitness? 

Physical fitness can fitness can be defined as a set of characteristics that are either healthrelated or skill-related. It refers to your ability to perform physical tasks efficiently efficiently as it relates to a particular sport or your day-to-day activities. In addition to physical health, being physically fit helps improve your mental, emotional, and social health.

Health-Related Physical Fitness 

Health-related physical fitness  fitness  is primarily associated with disease prevention and functional health. Participating in regular health-related fitness helps you control your weight, prevents diseases and illness, improves your mood, boosts energy, and promotes better sleep.

 

It is made up of five sections: cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, flexibility, and body composition.  Cardiovascular endurance  endurance  is the ability of your heart, blood cells, and lungs to work continuously for extended periods of time. This is how efficiently your body takes in, transports, and uses oxygen while exercising. Having efficient heart and lungs leads to increased energy throughout the day.  Muscular strength is strength is the maximum amount of force a muscle can produce in a single effort or how much you can lift in one attempt. Performing exercises that use your own body weight, free weights, or weights on a machine are excellent ways to develop muscle strength. Having muscular strength will ensure that you have the strength needed to lift a heavy object, for example a box full of books.  Muscular endurance is endurance is your ability to contract your muscles several times without excessive fatigue. Another way to think about it is the length of time your muscles can continue to work before tiring. What this means is once you have picked up that heavy box of books, you can then carry that box for a long period of time before you need to take a break.

 

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Flexibility is the range of motion that your joints have during movement. Flexibility is Maintaining flexibility can improve your performance in physical activities in addition to decreasing your risk of injuries by helping your joints move through their full range of motion, therefore, allowing your muscles to work most effectively. Stretching and yoga can be done to help improve your flexibility.

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Body composition is composition is the ratio of water, bone, muscle, and fat in the body.  A healthy body composition indicates that you may have less risk of developing obesity-related diseases, diseases, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and even some cancers.

Two of the ways to measure body composition are body mass index, (BMI), (BMI), which is a measure of body fat based on height and weight, and the skin fold test,, which measures total fat percentages by measuring the layer of fat that test is directly under the skin.

 

Skill-Related Physical Fitness - is the ability to perform during games and sports; it is also called performance fitness. fitness. This type of physical fitness is important for performing the more technical aspects of many sports. There are six skill-related physical fitness sections: agility agility,, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, and speed. Agility Is the ability to change the position of your body and to control the movement of your whole body. Agility is an important quality in many sports, because you must change direction rapidly and always have your body under control. Balance Is the ability to keep an upright posture while either standing still or moving. Good balance in essential in many activities like skating, surfing, skiing, and gymnastics. Power  Is the ability to perform with strength at a rapid pace. Strength and speed are both involved in power power.. Football players, swimmers, shotputters, discus throwers, and high jumpers are examples of athletes who

typically have a high degree of power.  

Reaction Time Is the amount of time it takes to start a movement once your senses signal the need to move. People with good reaction time can usually start quickly in track and swimming or react quickly in ping pong or karate. Coordination Is the integration of eye, hand, and foot movements. This component is necessary for success in such sports as baseball, softball, tennis, golf, and basketball. Speed Is

the ability to cover a distance in a short amount of time. Speed is a very important factor in many sports and activities. Short runs are used to evaluate speed.

 

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