Funcionamiento de Una PC

 

Ouedhgefbhketg jk ue SD

Zrfeshstgrks [e pr prgd gdks ksfj fjgr gr ks kstæ tæ dg dgbp bpuk ukst stg g jk bh bhmk mks s jk bh bhmm mmge geks ks jk jh jhbh bheu eutg tgs s trfeshstgrks. Kstgs fdtùfe dgbg uehjfjks buy næshdfs jk prgdksfbhketg, quk fm dgbnhefrsk sge dfpfdks jk mmkvfr f dfng tgjfs mfs gpkrfdhgeks quk rkfmhzf ue SD bgjkreg. Mf frquhtkdturf jk ue bhdrg, eg ks bæs quk mf grafehzfdhôe jk mf dgekxhôe jk kstgs pkqukögs jhspgshthvgs. Mfs hetkrdgekxhgeks `fræe quk skfe dfpfdks jk mmkvfr f dfng ue thpg jk tfrkfs u gtrfs. Ks buy hbpgrtfetk ketkejkr quk fuequk mf frquhtkdturf pukjk `fdkr quk jgs prgdksfjgrks skfe dgbpmkbketk jhok jhokrk rket etks ks mfs mfs ue uehj hjfj fjks ks næ næsh shdf dfs, s, mgs mgs mfjr mfjrhm hmmg mgs s pg pgrr fs fsââ jk jkd dhr hrmg mgs, s, qu quk k mg mgs s dgbpgeke, mgs trfeshstgrks, ouedhgefe ke fbngs jk bfekrf hjèethdf. [e trfeshstgr ks ue jhspgshthvg quk thkek trks dgekxhgeks. Mf dgrrhketk pfsf f trfvès jk jgs kmmfs shkbprk y dufejg mf tkrdkrf kxhstf uef jhokrkedhf jk vgmtfik dge dufmquhkrf jk mfs gtrfs. Ke jkohehthvf, ue trfeshstgr eg ks bæs quk ue hetkrruptgr, buy, buy ræphjg. Kstf skedhmmf ouedhgefmhjfj mk pkrbhtk skr dfpfz jk mmkvfr f dfng dufmquhkr thpg jk gpkrfdhôe môahdf g bftkbæthdf.  Fm skr dfpfz jk dgetrgmfr uef dgrrhketk usfejg ue vgmtfik km trfeshstgr ks dfpfz jk iuafr dge kstfs jgs bfaehtujks. Jk fquâ surak su egbnrk, yf quk trfeshstgr vhkek jk iuetfr mfs pfmfnrfs trfesokr rkshstgr ks jkdhr, ks dfpfz jk trfesokrhr uef jktkrbhefjf rkshstkedhf. Sukjk ke ue bgbketg nmgqukfr uef dgrrhketk, ouedhgefejg ketgedks dgbg uef rkshstkedhf buy arfejk, g jkifrmf dgrrkr pfsfejg f tkekr uef pkquköf rkshstkedhf. Mf dgekxhôe ketrk mgs trfeshstgrks pukjk skr ketrk dufmquhkrf jk sus trks tkrbhefmks. Jkpkejhkejg jk dôbg sk dgekdtke skræe dfpfdks jk rkfmhzfr uef u gtrf ouedhôe. Th tk ks dgbpmhdfjg mmkafr f vkr dgbg ue jhspgshthvg dge trks tkrbhefmks ks dfpf df pfz z jk `f `fdk dkrr tfet tfetg, g, phke phkesf sf qu quk k ue bh bhdr drgp gprg rgdk dksf sfjg jgrr pu pukj kjk k tk tkek ekrr she she prgnmkbfs bhm bhmmgeks jk trfeshstgrks, dge mg dufm mg quk ke kskedhf ks ue skedhmmg kmkbketg sk dgbpmhdf bæs y bæs dge mf frquhtkdturf. ^FB Ks mf bk bkbg bgrh rhf f jk dg dgrt rtg g pmfz pmfzg g jk jkmm dg dgbp bput utfj fjgr gr.. Tu ou oued edhô hôe e pr prhe hedh dhpf pfmm ks rkdgrjfr mf heogrbfdhôe quk thkeks ke dfjf uef jk mfs fpmhdfdhgeks fnhkrtfs ke km dgbputfjgr, bhketrfs kstk sk keduketrk kedkejhjg.

 

Kstf bk Kstf bkbg bgrh rhf f jk dg dgrt rtg g pmfz pmfzg g sg sgmg mg fd fdtù tùf f du dufe fejg jg km dg dgbp bput utfj fjgr gr ks kstè tè kedkejhjg. Dufejg trfnfiks ke ue jgdubketg dgbg uef `gif jk dæmdumg u gtrg thpg jk frd`hvg, jknks aufrjfrmg pfrf kvhtfr quk kstk sk ngrrk g phkrjf. Fmauegs kquhpgs y fpmhdfdhgeks thkeke mf ouedhôe jk futgaufrjfjg, pkrg eg tk dgeoâks tfetg. Dufejg aufrjfs mgs jftgs sk arfnfe ke km jhsdg jurg `fstf quk tu jkdhjfs ngrrfrmgs. Mf bkbgrhf ^FB sk bhjk ke bkafnytks (BN) g ahafnytks (AN). Dufetf bæs bkbgrhf ^FB tkeaf tu dgbputfjgr, bæs dgsfs pgjræs `fdkr fm bhsbg thkbpg. Th eg thkeks mf suohdhketk bkbgrhf ^FB, pgjræs egtfr quk tu grjkefjgr  sk pgek mketg fm tkekr bud`gs prgarfbfs fnhkrtgs. [e nht ks mf uehjfj uehjfj bæs pkquk pkquköf öf jk jftgs. [e nytk kquhvfmk f gd`g nhts. [e bkafnytk ks, fm bkegs, ue bhmmôe jk nytks y ue ahafnytk sge bhm bhmmgeks jk nytks. Bhdrgprgdksfjgr. Ks ue dhrduhtg kmkdtrôehdg quk fdtùf dgbg [ehjfj Dketrfm jk Srgdksg (DS[) jk uef dgbputfjgrf. Mmfbfjgs pgr bud`gs dgbg km ”dkrknrg‒. Ks ue dhrduhtg bhdrgsdôphdg dgesthtuhjg pgr bhmmgeks jk trfeshstgrks hetkarfjgs ke uef ùehdf phkzf phk zf pmf pmfef ef jk pgd pgdg g ksp kspks ksgr. gr. Km bhd bhdrgp rgprgd rgdksf ksfjgr jgr (bhd (bhdrg) rg) sk ked kedfra fraf f jk rkfmhzfr tgjfs mfs gpkrfdhgeks jk dæmdumg y jk dgetrgmfr mg quk pfsf ke mf dgbputfjgrf rkdhnhkejg heogrbfdhôe y jfejg ôrjkeks pfrf quk mgs jkbæs kmkbketgs trfnfike.

 F^V[HZKDZ[^F DHTD. DHTD. Mf tkdegmgaâf DHTD (Dgbpmkx Hestrudthge Tkt Dgbputkr) efdhô jk mf bfeg jk Hetkm, drkfjgr ke 6816 jkm prhbkr bhdrgd`hp quk pkrbhthrâf km efdhbhketg jk mf heogrbæthdf pkrsgefm. Bæs dgedrktfbketk, skrâf ke 681> dufejg fpfrkdkrâf km 0303, prhbkr d`hp dfpfz jk prgdksfr 0 nhts, suohdhketk pfrf rkprksketfr eùbkrgs y mktrfs. Dge mf pgshnhmhjfj jk dgmgdfr tgjgs mgs dhrduhtgs ke ue sgmg d`hp y mf dfpfdhjfj jk bfekifr eùbkrg y mktrfs efdkrâf mf dufrtf akekrfdhôe jk grjkefjgrks, mf jk mgs dgegdhjgs dgbg SD u grjkefjgrks pkrsgefmks. Mgs bhdrgprgdksfjgrks DHTD thkeke ue dgeiuetg jk hestruddhgeks quk sk dfrfdtkrhzf pgr skr buy fbpmhg y pkrbhthr gpkrfdhgeks dgbpmkifs ketrk gpkrfejgs shtufjgs ke mf bkbgrhf g ke mgs rkahstrgs hetkregs. Kstk thpg jk frquhtkdturf jhohdumtf km pfrfmkmhsbg ketrk hestruddhgeks, pgr mg quk ke mf fdtufmhjfj mf bfygrâf jk mgs shstkbfs DHTD jk fmtg rkejhbhketg hbpmkbketfe ue shstkbf quk dgevhkrtk jhd`fs hestruddhgeks dgbpmkifs ke vfrhfs hestruddhgeks shbpmks, mmfbfjfs akekrfmbketk bhdrghestruddhgeks.

 

Mf bhdrgprgarfbfdhôe ks uef dfrfdtkrâsthdf hbpgrtfetk y kskedhfm jk dfsh tgjfs mfs frquhtkdturfs DHTD. Mf bhdrgprgarfbfdhôe shaehohdf quk dfjf hestruddhôe jk bæquhef ks hetkrprktfjf pgr ue bhdrgprgarfbf mgdfmhzfjg ke uef bkbgrhf ke km dhrduhtg hetkarfjg jkm prgdksfjgr. Mfs hestruddhgeks dgbpukstfs sge jkdgjhohdfjfs hetkrefbketk y kikdutfjfs dge uef skrhk jk bhdrghestruddhgeks fmbfdkefjfs fmbfdkefjfs ke uef ^GB hetkref. Sfrf kstg sk rkquhkrke jk vfrhgs dhdmgs jk rkmgi, fm bkegs ueg pgr bhdrghestruddhôe. Ks fsâ ketgedks dgbg mgs d`hps DHTD uthmhzfe dgbfejgs quk hedgrpgrfe uef arfe jhvkrshjfj jk pkquköfs hestruddhgeks pfrf rkfmhzfr uef ùehdf gpkrfdhôe. Dufejg km shstkbf gpkrfthvg g uef fpmhdfdhôe rkquhkrk jk uef jk kstfs fddhgeks, kevâf fm prgdksfjgr km egbnrk jkm dgbfejg pfrf rkfmhzfrmf iuetg dge km rkstg jk heogrbfdhôe dgbpmkbketfrhf quk sk ekdkshtk. Skrg dfjf ueg jk kstgs dgbfejgs jk mf ^GB jkm DHTD vfrâfe jk tfbfög y, pgr mg tfetg, km d`hp jknk ke prhbkr muafr vkrhohdfr dufetg kspfdhg rkquhkrk km dgbfejg pfrf kikdutfrsk y pgjkr fsâ rkskrværskmg ke mf bkbgrhf hetkref. Fjkbæs, km prgdksfjgr jknk jktkrbhefr mf ogrbf dgrrkdtf jk dfrafr y fmbfdkefr km dgbfejg, prgdksgs fbngs quk rfmkethzfe km rkejhbhketg r kejhbhketg jkm shstkbf. Km prgdksfjgr kevâf ketgedks km dgbfejg sgmhdhtfjg f uef uehjfj quk mg jksdgjhohdf ke hestruddhgeks bæs pkquköfs quk pgjræe skr kikdutfjfs pgr ue efeg-prgdksfjgr, efeg-prgdksfj gr, uef kspkdhk jk prgdksfjgr jketrg jkm prgdksfjgr. X fm eg skr mfs hestruddhgeks hejkpkejhketks, puks sge hestruddhgeks bkegrks prgdkjketks jk mf jksdgjhohdfdhôe jk uef hestruddhôe bfygr, sômg pukjk rkfmhzfrsk uef hestruddhôe dfjf vkz.  F trfvès jk mf dgbpmkif dgbpmkif dhrduhtkrâf jkm d`hp, km efeg-prgd efeg-prgdksfjgr ksfjgr kikdutf dfjf uef jk mfs hestruddhgeks jkm dgbfejg. Km jkspmfzfbhketg pgr kstf dhrduhtkrâf tfbnhèe rfmkethzf km prgdksg. Sfrf rkfmhzfr uef sgmf hestruddhôe ue d`hp DHTD rkquhkrk jk duftrg f jhkz dhdmgs jk rkmgi.

Ketrk mfs ngejfjks jk DHTD jkstfdfe mfs shauhketks9 ±

^kjudk mf jhohdumtfj jk drkfr dgbphmfjgrks.

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Skrbhtk rkjudhr km dgstg tgtfm jkm shstkbf.

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^kjudk mgs dgstgs jk drkfdhôe jk sgotwfrk.

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Bkigrf mf dgbpfdtfdhôe jk dôjhag.

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Ofdhmhtf mf jkpurfdhôe jk krrgrks.

Kikbpmg jk bhdrgprgdksfjgrks nfsfjgs ke mf tkdegmgaâf DHTD9 ±

Hetkm 030?, 0300, 03>0?, 0340?, 03:0?.

 

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Bgtgrgmf ?0333, ?0363, ?03>3, ?0343, ?0:3.

 F^V[HZKDZ[^F ^HTD. ^HTD. Nusdfejg fubketfr mf vkmgdhjfj jkm prgdksfbhketg sk jksdunrhô ke nfsk f kxpkrhbketgs quk, dge uef jktkrbhefjf frquhtkdturf jk nfsk, mf kikdudhôe jk prgarfbfs dgbphmfjgs jhrkdtfbketk dge bhdrghestruddhgeks y rkshjketks ke bkbgrhf kxtkref fm dhrduhtg hetkarfjg rksumtfnfe skr bæs kohdhketks, arfdhfs f quk km thkbpg jk fddksg jk mfs bkbgrhfs sk ouk jkdrkbketfejg dgeogrbk sk bkigrfnf su tkdegmgaâf jk kedfpsumfjg. Mf hjkf kstuvg hesphrfjf tfbnhèe pgr km `kd`g jk quk bud`fs jk mfs dfrfdtkrâsthdfs quk krfe hedmuhjfs ke mgs jhskögs trfjhdhgefmks jk DS[ pfrf fubketfr mf vkmgdhjfj kstfnfe shkejg haegrfjfs pgr mgs prgarfbfs quk krfe kikdutfjgs ke kmmfs. Fjkbæs, mf vkmgdhjfj jkm prgdksfjgr ke rkmfdhôe dge mf bkbgrhf jk mf dgbputfjgrf quk fddkjâf krf dfjf vkz bæs fmtf. Jknhjg f quk sk thkek ue dgeiuetg jk hestruddhgeks shbpmhohdfjg, èstfs sk pukjke hbpmfetfr pgr `frjwfrk jhrkdtfbketk ke mf DS[, mg dufm kmhbhef km bhdrgdôjhag y mf ekdkshjfj jk jkdgjhohdfr hestruddhgeks dgbpmkifs. Mf frquhtkdturf ^HTD ouedhgef jk bgjg buy jhokrketk f mf DHTD, su gnikthvg eg ks f`grrfr ksoukrzgs kxtkregs pgr pfrtk jkm sgotwfrk dge sus fddksgs f mf ^FB, sheg ofdhmhtfr quk mfs hestruddhgeks h estruddhgeks skfe kikdutfjf kikdutfjfs s mg bæs ræphjfbketk pgshnmk. Mf ogrbf jk dgeskauhrmg ks shbpmhohdfejg km thpg jk hestruddhgeks quk kikdutf km prgdksfjgr. Fsâ, mfs hestruddhgeks bæs nrkvks y skedhmmfs jk ue prgdksfjgr ^HTD sge dfpfdks jk kikdutfrsk bud`g bæs fprhsf quk mfs hestruddhgeks bæs mfrafs y dgbpmkifs jk ue d`hp DHTD. The kbnfrag, kstk jhskög rkquhkrk jk bud`f bæs ^FB y jk uef tkdegmgaâf jk dgbphmfjgr bæs fvfezfjf. Mf rkmfthvf skedhmmkz jk mf frquhtkdturf jk mgs prgdksfjgrks ^HTD dgejudk f dhdmgs jk jhskög bæs dgrtgs dufejg sk jksfrrgmmfe eukvfs vkrshgeks, mg quk pgshnhmhtf shkbprk mf fpmhdfdhôe jk mfs bæs rkdhketks tkdegmgaâfs jk skbhdgejudtgrks.. Sgr kmmg, mgs prgdksfjgrks ^HTD eg sgmg thkejke f gorkdkr skbhdgejudtgrks uef dfpfdhjfj jk prgdksfbhketg jkm shstkbf jk > f : vkdks bfygr, sheg quk mgs sfmtgs jk dfpfdhjfj quk sk prgjudke jk akekrfdhôe ke akekrfdhôe sge bud`g bfygrks quk ke mgs DHTD.

Mgs dgbfejgs quk hedgrpgrf km d`hp ^HTD ke su ^GB dgestfe jk vfrhfs hestruddhgeks pkquköfs quk rkfmhzfe uef sgmf tfrkf. Mfs fpmhdfdhgeks sge fquâ mfs kedfrafjfs jk hejhdfr fm prgdksfjgr què dgbnhefdhôe jk kstfs hestruddhgeks jknk kikdutfr pfrf dgbpmktfr uef gpkrfdhôe bfygr.

 

 Fjkbæs, mgs dgbfejgs dgbfejgs jk ^HTD sge tgjg tgjgs s jkm bhsbg tfbfög y sk dfrafe y fmbfdkefe jkm bhsbg bgjg. Fm skr kstfs hestruddhgeks pkquköfs y skedhmmfs, eg ekdkshtfe skr jksdgjhohdfjfs ke hestruddhgeks bkegrks dgbg ke km dfsg jk mgs d`hps DHTD, puks yf dgesthtuyke ke sâ uehjfjks jksdgjhohdfjfs. Sgr kmmg, km prgdksfjgr ^HTD eg afstf thkbpg vkrhohdfejg km tfbfög jkm dgbfejg, ke jksdgjhohdfrmg eh ke fvkrhaufr dôbg dfrafrmg y aufrjfrmg. Km prgdksfjgr ^HTD pukjk fjkbæs kikdutfr `fstf 63 dgbfejgs f mf vkz puks km dgbphmfjgr jkm sgotwfrk ks km quk jktkrbhef què dgbfejgs sge hejkpkejhketks y pgr kmmg ks pgshnmk kikdutfr vfrhgs f mf vkz. X fm skr mgs dgbfejgs jkm ^HTD bæs skedhmmgs, mf dhrduhtkrâf pgr mf quk pfsfe tfbnhèe ks bæs skedhmmf. Kstgs dgbfejgs pfsfe pgr bkegs trfeshstgrks, jk ogrbf quk sk kikdutfe dge bæs rfphjkz. Sfrf kikdutfr uef sgmf hestruddhôe egrbfmbketk mks nfstf dge ue dhdmg jk rkmgi. Ketrk mfs vketfifs jk ^HTD tkekbgs mfs shauhketks9 ± Mf DS DS[ [ trfnfif bæs ræp ræphjg hjg fm uthmhzfr bk bkegs egs d dhdmgs hdmgs j jk k rkmgi pfrf k kikdutfr ikdutfr hestruddhgeks. ± [thmhzf ue shstkbf j jk k jhrkddhge jhrkddhgeks ks eg jkstrudthvfs ke ^FB. Ksg shae shaehohdf hohdf quk f jhokrkedhf jk DHTD, ^HTD dgeskrvf jkspuès jk rkfmhzfr sus gpkrfdhgeks ke bkbgrhf mgs jgs gpkrfejgs y su rksumtfjg, rkjudhkejg mf kikdudhôe jk eukvfs gpkrfdhgeks. ± Dfjf hes hestruddhôe truddhôe pu pukjk kjk skr kikdutfjf ke ue sgmg dhdmg jkm DS[ DS[..

Kikbpmg jk bhdrgprgdksfjgrks nfsfjgs ke mf tkdegmgaâf DHTD9 ± BHST, Bhmmhges Hestrudthge Skr Tkdgej. ± SF-^HTD, @kwmktt Sfdlfrj. ± TSF^D, Tdfmfnmk Srgdkssgr Frd`htkdturk, Tue Bhdrgsystkbs. ± SGQK^ SD, Fppmk, Bgtgrgmf k HNB.