Fuel Trim
July 11, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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I^NL ]TGK Buønz Khrgb Khxgkglghb` Khxgkglghb` khxgkglghb`.bubnzAhlukb`.duh p.kx
gh Chrrhsc` Kgounl Hbonl kgounl.ohrcghchrAhlukb`.duhp. kx
D^HQ
D^HQ
Ohrc
Lópnz Shcrhknbt` J`sç Hbt`bg` j`sn.l`pnzshcAhlukb`.duhp.kx j`sn.l`pnzshcAhlukb`.duhp.kx D^HQ
Lópnz Kuø`z @swhlm` `swhlm`.l`pnzAhlukb`.duhp.kx D^HQ
Dnbnkçrgth ^bgvnrsgmhm Hutób`kh mn Qundlh Ihculthm mn cgnbcghs mn lh Nlnctróbgch Gbonbgnrëh nb Sgstnkhs Hut`k`trgcns Qr`i. Igmnl Kgtrn Lópnz Qrgkhvnrh 4141
Tnsuknb-. Nl c`kpnbshm`r mn c`kdustgdln ` iunl trgk ns ub hjustn c`btr`lhm` p`r nl QCK phrh l`orhr lh kèxgkh nigcgnbcgh p`sgdln murhbtn lh `pnrhcgób `pnrhcgób mn l`s gbynct`rns, c`kprnbmnr su iubcg`bhkgnbt` iubcg`bhkgnbt ` hyumh h vgsuhlgzhr su gkp`rthbcgh gkp`rthbcgh nb nl hpr`vncfhkgnbt` hpr`vncfh kgnbt` mn c`kdustgdln y su gkphct` nb lh dúsqunmh mn lh rnmuccgób mn ohsns c`bthkgbhbtns nkgtgm`s p`r nl vnfëcul`. L`s hjustns nsthrèb nb iubcgób mn lh c`bmgcgób mn khbnj` y mnpnbmn mgrncthknbtn mn lh chbtgmhm mn hgrn qun iluyn fhcgh nl k`t`r, nstn phrèkntr` mnpnbmn nxclusgvhknbtn mnl c`bmuct`r, nl rnst` l` fhrè nl QCK. Qhlhdrhs clhvn- iunl iunl trgk, hjustn, c`kpnbshm`r, lhkdmh, @4, nkgsg`bns.
gbynct`rns,
knzclh,
G. G B]T@M^CCG@ B]T@M^CCG@B B Hctuhlkn Hctuhl knbtn btn t`m`s t`m`s l`s vnfëcu vnfëcul`s l`s qun shlnb shlnb h lh vnbth vnbth cunbthb c`b ub sgstnkh mn gbynccgób mn c`kdustgdln, çstn ns nl sustgtut` mnl sgstnkh mn chrdurhm`r. Nxgstn orhb vhrgnmhm mn sgstnkhs mn gbynccgób mn c`kdustgdln c`k` lh gbynccgób mgrncth OMG, l`s sgstnkhs ]SG, ]ISG, nbtrn `tr`s. Lh khy`rëh hctu hctuhl hlkn knbt btnn dhsh dhshbb su iubc iubcg` g`bh bhkg kgnb nbt` t` nb nl us` us` mn gbynct`rns y nb qun nl c`kdustgdln sn gbyncth mgrncthknbtn nb lh cèkhrh mn c`kdustgób, sg dgnb nxgstnb vhrghbtns c`k` lhs qun nkplnhb turd`c`kprns`rns nl prgbcgpg` ns nl kgsk` y usuhlknbtn sól` chkdgh lh b`knbclhturh snoúb lh khrch mn qun sn trhtn. ^bh vnz hclhrhm` nst` y sgnbm` c`bscgnbtns mn l`s sgstnkhs qun nxgstnb y sn ushb nb lh hctuhlgmhm p`mnk`s nbi`chrb`s hl `djntgv` mntnbnr ubh mgvnrsgmhm mn sgstnkhs mn gbynccgób y su iubcg`bhkgnbt` mn i`rkh kès nspncëigch. Nl `djntgv` mn l`s sgstnkhs hctuhlns mn gbynccgób ns hyumhr h rnmucgr hl kèxgk` l`s bgvnlns mn c`bthkgbhcgób qun nkgtnb l`s vnfëcul`s c`b k`t`rns mn c`kdustgób gbtnrbh y lh úbgch i`rkh mn l`orhr çstn `djntgv` ns khxgkgzhbm` lh nigcgnbcgh mn lh khy`r chbtgmhm mn sgstnkhs gbv`lucrhm`s, gbv`lucrhm`s, hsë puns phrh l`orhr nstn igb ns bncnshrg` c`bthr c`b ub khronb hkplg` qun
b`s pnrkgt pnrkgthh trh trhdhj dhjhr hr nb iubcgó iubcgóbb mn l`s rnqunr rnqunrgkg gkgnbt nbt`s `s gbsthbtèbn`s, ns mncgr c`bthr c`b ub sgstnkh qun pnrkgth c`rrnc c`r rnccg` cg`bns bns ` c`kpnb c`kpnbshc shcg`b g`bns ns mn l`s phrèkn phrèkntr` tr`ss qun c`btr`lh qun nstçb nb iubcgób mn lh sgtuhcgób nb qun h çstn sn ln nxgon rnsp`bmnr. Ns nb rnspunsth h t`m` nst` qun nxgstn nl Iunl ]rgk ` hjustn mn c`kdustgdln. GG. KHTC@ ]N@TGC@ °Xuç ns nl Iunl ]rgk0
Lh chbtgmhm mn c`kdustgdln rnqunrgmh phrh `pnrhr ub k`t`r c`rrncthknbtn mnpnbmn mn lh chbtgmhm mn hgrn qun iluyn fhcgh lhs cèkhrhs mn c`kdustgób. Mhm` qun nl c`bmuct`r c`btr`lh nl iluj` mn hgrn (chroh) c`b nl pnmhl mn hcnlnrhm`r, nl kómu kómul` l` mn c` c`bt btr` r`ll mn trnb trnb k`tr k`trgz gz (Q (QCK CK)) só sól` l` pu punm nmnn c`btr`lhr nl c`kdustgdln. Lh c`kputhm`rh ush snbs`rns phrh knmgr ` chlculhr nl iluj` mn hgrn, c`tnjh c`b ub khph mn rnl rnlhcg hcgób ób hgrn-c hgrn-c`kd `kdust ustgdl gdlnn nb su knk`rg knk`rghh pnrkhb pnrkhbnbt nbtnn y nbt`bcns nsc`on nl hbcf` mn puls` c`rrnct` mn gbynct`r phrh qun nstn c`gbcgmh c`b nl iluj` mn hgrn. Nl puls` mn gbynct`r prnpr`orhkhm` pr`vnnrè nxhcthknbtn ub orhk` mn c`kdustgdln p`r chmh orhk` mn hgrn (ubh rnlhcgób rnlh cgób hgrn-c`kd hgrn-c`kdustg ustgdln dln nstnqug`k nstnqug`kçtrg çtrgch), ch), pnr` nl QCK chsg sgnkprn hjusth nl hbcf` mn puls` mnl gbynct`r phrh pr`vnnr kès ` knb`s c`kdustgdln mnl nspncgigchm` nb nl khph. Nstn hjustn ns nl qun sn c`b`cn c`k` “iunl trgk‛.
pr`p`rcgób rgch mn hgrn-c`kdustgdln y knb`r qun 8.1 ns ub c`khbm` phrh ubh knzclh p`drn. Nb c`bmgcg`bns mn nsthm` nsthdln, nstn c`khbm` huknbth y mgskgbuyn c`bsthbtnknbtn phrh hltnrbhr nbtrn ubh knzclh rgch y p`drn phrh ubh `pnrhcgób hmncuhmh mnl chthlgzhm`r. Kucfhs fnrrhkgnbths mn nschbn` k`strhrèb y orhigchrèb nstn búknr` nb Ol`dhl @DM-GG. Sf`rt ]nrk Iunl ]rgk (S]I]) Glustrhcgób 8.Mghorhkh qun kunstr kunstrh h cók` `pnrh nl iunl trgk.
Fhy m`s tgp`s mn iunl trgk ` hjustn mn c`kdustgdln, l`botnrk tnrk y sf`rt sf`rt-tn -tnrk rk,, ` snh hjustns hjustns h lhro` lhro` y c`rt` c`rt` plh plhz` z` rnspnctgvhknbtn, hmnkès mn qun l`s búknr`s c`rrnsp`bmgnbtns h nst`s hjustns sn kunstrhb nb nl nscèbnr c`k` ub p`rcnbthjn mn c`kdustgdln hornohm` ` rnsthm` mn lh chbtgmhm mn c`kdustgdln prnpr`orhkhmh. Y`leswhonb llhkh hl iunl trgk “hmhpthcgób mn snbs`r mn `xëonb`‛ kgnbtrhs qun I`rm p`r su phrtn clhsgigch hl iunl trg trgk k c`k` c`k` “ub k`bgt`r k`bgt`r c`btg c`btgbu` bu`‛‛ qun `pnrh cuhbm` cuhbm` nl sgstnkh mn c`btr`l mn c`kdustgdln sn nbcunbtrh `pnrhbm` nb lhz` cnrrhm`. Nst` b`s kunstrh qun nl iunl trgk ns ub cèlcul` c`btgbu` dhshm` nb lh gbi`rkhcgób qun rnp`rth nl snbs`r mn `xëonb`. ^b nxtrh mn `xëonb` nb nl sgstnkh mn nschpn gbmgch ubh rnlhcgób mn knzclh hgrn-c`kdustgdln p`drn, nbt`bcns nl QCK huknbth nl hbcf` mn puls` mnl gbynct`r phrh hornohr kès c`kdustgdln (p`sgtgvn iunl trgk). Q`r nl c`btrhrg`, kuy p`c` `xëonb` nb nl sgstnkh sgstnkh mn nschpn gbmgch ubh knzclh knzclh rgch chushbm` hsë qun nl QCK rnmuzch nl hbcf` mn puls` mnl gbynct`r (bnohtgvn iunl trgk).
Murhbtnn lh `pnrhc Murhbt `pnrhcgób gób b`rkhl b`rkhl nb lhz` lhz` cnrrhm cnrrhm`, `, nl QCK nkplnh l`s cèlcul`s phrh l`s hjustns mn c`kdustgdln h c`rt` plhz` (S]I]) phrh c`bsthbtnknbtn c`btr`lhr lh rnlhcgób mn hgrn-c hgrn-c`kd `kdust ustgdl gdlnn lgonr lgonrhkn hknbtn btn rgc rgchh y lun luno` o` lgonrh lgonrhkn knbtn btn p`drn. Nst` ns bncnshrg` phrh qun nl c`bvnrtgm`r chthlëtgc` cukplh c`b su trhdhj` c`rrncthknbtn y nl pr`knmg` mn l`s chkdg`s rgc`s-p`drns nsthrè mnbtr` ` cnrch mn lh kgthm mnl rhbo` mn snøhl mnl snbs`r mn `xëonb`. Nsth gbi`rkhcgób sn k`strhrè nb lhs orèigchs mn rnlhcgób mn nqugvhlnbcgh, snbs`r mn `xëonb` y S]I] nb ub nscèbnr.
Lh iórkulh phrh nl cèlcul` mn iunl trgk ns: Khsh mnhgrn mnhgrn∟(S]I] ∟ L]I] ) Khsh mn c`kdustgdln c`kdustgdln ; Tnlhcgób Tnlhcgó b mn nqugvhlnbcgh nqugvhlnbcgh∟8=.9 kunstrh h l`s mht`s c`rrnsp`bmgnbtns c`rrnsp`bmgnbtns h Glustrhcgób 3. ]hdlh qun kunstr S]I] y L]I] dhj` = cgrcubsthbcghs mn `pnrhcgób mginrnbtns. mginrnbtns.
L`bo ]nrk Iunl ]rgk (L]I])
prnsnbth orèigchknbtn cók` Glustrhcgób 4. Nsqunkh qun prnsnbth cók` sn rnhlgzh lh c`kpnbshcgób mn c`kdustgdln.
H knmgmh qun nl k`t`r nbvnjncn y l`s cglgbmr`s yh b` sn snllhb mn khbnrh ubgi`rkn, lh c`kpnbshcgób mn c`kdustgdln h c`rt` plhz` punmn tnbnr ubh tnbmnbcgh hlth ` dhjh lh khy`r phrtn mnl tgnkp`. Nl QCK tgnbn lh chphcgmhm mn hprnbmnr nsth tnbmnbcgh y hlkhcnbhrlh nb lh knk`rgh, y ushrè nsn bú búkn knr` r` nb nl cè cèlc lcul ul`` mn mnll hjus hjustn tn mn c` c`kd kdus ustg tgdl dlnn ph phrh rh c`kpnbshr l`s chkdg`s qun chushb lh tnbmnbcgh. Nsh ns lh c`kpnbshcgób mn c`kdustgdln h lhro` plhz` (L]I]).
Nsth ns lh rnlhcgób hgrn-c`kdustgdln mnsnhmh, ub c`khbm`
Mhm` qun nl hjustn mn c`kdustgd c`kdustgdln ln ns ub cèlcul` c`btgbu`, c`btgbu`, khbtnbnr ub ihct`r c`bsthbtn murhbtn nl cèlcul` fhcn p`sgdln qun S]I] vunlvh h su rhbo` b`rkhl, l` qun pnrkgtn ubh rnhccgób kès rèpgmh y prncgsh h chkdg`s kès orhbmns nb lhs
nkgtgm` p`r nl QCK. Khy`r qun 8.1 ns nl c`khbm` phrh ubh
c`bmgcg`bns mn `pnrhcgób, c`k` lh hcnlnrhcgób.
Tnlhcgób mn nqugvhlnbcgh
Nb onbnrhl, nl L]I] thrmh nbtrn cgbc` y 41 snoubm`s nb chkdghr y mhm` qun sn hlkhcnbh nb lh knk`rgh cuhbm` sn hphoh nl k`t`r nsn kgsk` vhl`r L]I] sn ush lh próxgkh vnz qun nl sgstnkh nbtrh nb `pnrhcgób mn lhz` cnrrhm`. Nsths trns vhrghdlns nb nl cèlcul` mnl c`kdustgdln (S]I], L]I] L]I ] y rnl rnlhcg hcgób ób mn nqugvh nqugvhlnb lnbcgh cgh)) s`b onbnrh onbnrhmhs mhs p`r nl QCK. Lh úbgch `trh vhrghdln, lh khsh mn hgrn, sn kgmn c`b ub snbs`r.
Qusf dutt`b Mgsplhy K`t`r CC Crgsthl mn Cuhrz` Gbtnorhm` punbtn F Chphcgt`rns cnrèkgc`s. ` 1.8uI
Nb rnsuknb
Qhrh c`kprnbmnr cók` lhs vhrghdlns gbiluynb nb nl hjustn mn c`kdustgdln, c`bsgmnrn nst`: cuhbm` nl sgstnkh nstè nb lhz` hd hdgn gnrt rt`` b` fh fhyy hj hjus ustn tn mn c` c`kd kdus ustg tgdl dlnn p` p`rq rqun un nl QCK QCK khbtgnbn lhs trns vhrghdlns c`btr`lhmhs nb 8.1. Lh úbgch vhrghdln qun hincth nl rnqunrgkgnbt` mn c`kdustgdln ns nl iluj` mn hgrn, y nl cèlcul` sn vn hsë: Khsh mn hgrn∟(8.1∟8.1 ) Khsh mn c`kdustgdln c`kdustgdln ;
∟
8.1 8=.9=
Hloubhs pnrs`bhs pgnbshb nb L]I] c`k` ub hjustn oruns` y S]I] c`k` ub hjustn igb`. ^bh mnigbgcgób kès tçcbgch snrëh hmgt hmgtgv gv`` y kult kultgp gplg lgch chtg tgv` v`.. L` L`ss cè cèlc lcul ul`s `s hm hmgt gtgv gv`s `s mn c`kpnbshcgób mn c`kdustgdln (S]I]) b` chkdghrèb kucf` c`b lh vnl`cgmhm ` chroh mnl k`t`r. Q`r njnkpl`, ubh iuoh mn vhcë` pr`mucgrëh ub cèlcul` hmgtgv` p`rqun l`s ninct`s mn nsh iuoh huknbthb kuy p`c` c`b nl huknbt` mn lh vnl`cgmhm mnl k`t`r. L` L`ss cèlcu èlcull`s mn c` c`k kpn pnbs bshhcg cgób ób mn c` c`k kdu dusstg tgddln kultgplgchtgv`s (L]I]) s`b khy`rns h knmgmh qun huknbth lh vnl`cgmhm mnl k`t`r ` lh chroh p`rqun, p`r njnkpl`, nl ninct` ninc t` mn ub gbynct`r gbynct`r phrcghlknbtn phrcghlknbtn `dstrugm` `dstrugm` huknbth huknbth h knmgmh qun huknbth lh vnl`cgmhm y lh chroh.
]hdlh mn chbtgmhmns Khtnrghl Tnsgstnbcghs Mg`m`s QGC Mgsplhy K`t`r Crgsthl mn cuhrz` Qunbtn F Chphcgt`rns
Nspncgigchcgób
Chbtgmhm
331 `fk 8e `fk 8b=118 89i6=h LCM 89x4 84v-CC = KFz
3 8 = 8 8 8 8
L473M 1.8uI
8 4
Knt`m`l`oëh.
Qhrh nstn chs` t`khrnk`s ub k`t`r mn MC phrh nkulhr nl k`vgkgnbt` ` iubcg`bhkgnbt` mn lh vèlvulh GHC. Sn b`s pus` ub rnt` y nrh nl b` utglgzhr snrv` k`t`r phrh lh rn rnhl hlgz gzhc hcgó góbb mn nsth nsth prèc prèctg tgch ch y us usèr èrhk hk`s `s ub k`t` k`t`rr mn c`rrgnbtn c`btgbuh. C`b nst` nb knbtn phrh onbnrhr nl chkdg` nb nl snbtgm` mn ogr` mnl k`t`r mn c`rrgnbtn c`btgbuh pr`p`bnk`s nl us` mn ub hrrnol` punbtn F phrh p`mnr l`orhrl`. Qhrh nst` utglgzhrnk`s ub QGC qun iubcg`bhrh c`k` ubgmhm mn c`btr`l phrh lhs hccg`bns mnl k`t`r, phrh c`btr`lhr nl ogr` mnl kgsk` y hsë mn nsth i`rkh sgkulhr lh shlgmh y nbtrhmh mnl
vs TQK, nb Glustrhcgób =. Orèigch qun kunstrh S]I] y L]I] vs bhrhbjh sn hprncgh nl S]I] y nb hzul nl L]I], igbhlknbtn nb orgs lhs TQK, bótnsn qun nl iunl trgk vh mn -4>% h 4>%.
GGG. KH]NTGHLNS W KN]@M@S
vèstho` mn lh vèlvulh GHC. Qr`p`bnk`s nl sgougnbtn cómgo` rnhlgzhm` nb Kgcr`C`mn Stumg`: ]TGSH;%11111888 ]TGSD;%11111111 Q@T]D;1
Khtnrghlns
GBGCG@:
Tnsgstnbcghs. 331 `fk. ` 81e `fk ` Mg`m`s rnctgigchm`rns. rnctgigchm`rns. `
8b=118 QGC 89I6=h
MNIGBN LCMPMTNO Q@T]D MNIGBN LCMPMDG] 1 MNIGBN LCMPTSTNO Q@T]D MNIGBN LCMPTSDG] = MNIGBN LCMPNTNO Q@T]D
MNIGBN LCMPNDG] > LCM@^] $In, 8, " NX^GQ@ 4" lcm`ut $in, $c1, "Qrhctgch 3" QH^SN 611 LCM@^] $in,8 lcm`ut "Gbo Sgst Hut`k" LCM@^] $in,$c1, "Gbtnrihcns y Tnm" QTN1: GI Q@T]H.4;8 ]FNB S]@Q8 O@]@ QTN8 S]@Q8: Q@T]H.3 ; 8 Q@T]H.= ; 8 QH^SN >1 O@]@ QTN1 QTN8: GI Q@T]H.1;8 ]FNB MNTNCFH O@]@ QTN4
grcugt` Glustrhcgób > Qr`punsth mn ccgrcugt`
C` C`bb nl cg cgrc rcug ugt` t` tn tnrk rkgb gbhm hm`` pr`c pr`cnm nmnr nrnk nk`s `s h c` c`rr rrnr nr lh sgkulhcgób. GY. TNS^L]HM@S Chpturhs mn lh sgkulhcgób
MNTNCFH: Q@T]H.3 ; 8 Q@T]H.= ; 1 O@]@ QTN1 QTN4: GI Q@T]H.8 ; 8 ]FNB GZX^GNTMH O@]@ QTN1 GZX^GNTMH: Q@T]H.3 ; 1 Q@T]H.= ; 8 O@]@ QTN1 Mnigbgk`s punrt`s mn nbtrhmhs, mn l`s cuhlns sn rncgdgrè ub puls` mnl pusf phrh p`mnr hctgvhr ub snbtgm` mn ogr`, `tr` phrh nl `tr` snbtgm` y igbhlknbtn ub tnrcnr d`tób phrh fhcnr
Glustrhcgób 9 K`t`r phrhm`
nl phr` t`thl. Lhs nbtrhmhs hbhlóogchs rnogmhs p`r l`s puls`s mnl pusf, nbtrhb hl QGC y nstn lhs pr`cnsh phrh igbhlknbtn nbvghr 4 shlgmhs, ubh phrh chmh snbtgm` mn ogr`, qun vhb c`bnvthmhs h bunstr` gbtnorhm` mn punbtn F L473M. Nl mghorhkh nlçctrgc` b`s qunmh mn lh sgougnbtn i`rkh:
Glustrhcgób ? Ogr` h lh gzqugnrmh gzqugnrmh
c`bsgmnrhdln nb nl c`bsuk` mn c`kdustgdln, p`r njnkpl` y ns nvgmnbtn qun nl gbtnbt` mn c`kpnbshr b` hyumhrè nb l` hds`lut` prncgshknbtn p`rqun sn trhth mn ubh ihllh mn ub c`kp`bnbtn vgthl.
Glustrhcgób 6 Ogr` h lh mnrncfh
Hl k`knbt` k`knbt` mn mghob`st mghob`stgchr gchr ub vnfëcul vnfëcul`` c`b nl “cfnce “cfnce nbogbn‛ nbcnbmgm` y tnbgnbm` gmnh mn qun lh ihllh nstè nb nl sgstnkh mn gbynccgób mn c`kdustgdln ` nschpn nl k`bgt`rn` p`r nscèbnr mnl iunl trgk b`s punmn hyumhr h mhr c`b lh ihllh mn i`rk i`rkhh kès kès snbc snbcgl gllh lh yh qun qun b` b`ss k`st k`strh rhrè rè có cók` k` sn c`kp`rthb l`s vhl`rns qun mnscrgdnb nl iubcg`bhkgnbt` mn l`s gbynct`rns, mn hquë qun nl QCK hl s`drnphshr l`s lëkgtns mn p`rcnbthjn nsthdlncgm`s nb nl iunl trgk hctgvh lh luz mnl tnstgo` “cfnce nbogbn‛ y nst` sól` hyumhrëh h c`bigrkhr ubh ihllh nb l`s sgstnkhs knbcg`bhm`s hbtnrg`rknbtn, usuhlknbtn lh lhss ihll ihllhs hs sunln sunlnbb tn tnbn bnrr `rgon `rgonbb nb ub snbs` snbs`rr mn `xëon `xëonb` b` hvnrghm`,, ub gbynct`r hvnrghm` hvnrghm` hvnrghm` ` thphm`, ub c`rt` nb lh snøhl mnl QCK hl kgsk` gbynct`r ntc. Igbhlknbtn hl c`kprnbmnr nl iubcg`bhkgnbt` n gkp`rthbcgh mnl iunl trgk n gkplnknbthr ub cgrcugt` qun b`s pnrkgth nkulhr çsth iubcgób p`mnk`s hs`cghr mn i`rkh kès gbtnorhl nl iubcg`bh iubcg`bhkgnb kgnbt` t` nb c`bjubt` c`bjubt` mn nlnknbt nlnknbt`s `s nstumgh nstumghm`s m`s hb hbtnr tnrg`r g`rkn knbtn btn y qun sn vnb gbv`l gbv`luc ucrh rhm`s m`s nb nl óptgk óptgk`` iu iubc bcg` g`bh bhkg kgnb nbt` t` mn mnll vn vnfë fëcu cul` l` c` c`k` k` ns nl cu cunr nrp` p` mn hcnlnrhcgób, nl snbs`r mn iluj` mn khsh mn hgrn (KHI), nl snbs`r mn p`sgcgób mn hcnlnrhm`r (]QS), nl snbs`r mn `xëonb`
Glustrhcgób 7 Qhr` t`thl
Y. C@BCL^SGÓB Orhcghs hl mnshrr`ll` mn nsth prèctgch p`mnk`s c`bclugr qun ns mn sukh gkp`rthbcgh gkp`rthbcgh nl c`rrnct` c`rrnct` iubcg`bhkgnbt` iubcg`bhkgnbt` mn t`m`s l`s c`kp`bnbtns gkplgchm`s nb nl sgstnkh mn hmkgsgób mn hgrn, hsë c`k` nl mn gbynccgób mn c`kdustgdln, chdn rnshlthr lh c`kplnjgmhm mnl iubcg`bhkgnbt` mnl sgstnkh qun c`btr`lh nl iubcg`bhkgnbt` óptgk` mn l`s gbynct`rns mn c`kdustgdln. Sg dgnb nl QCK c`b hyumh mnl iunl trgk fhrè t`m` l` p`sgdln p`r c`kpnbshr c`kpnbshr cuhlqugnr cuhlqugnr mnspnrinct` mnspnrinct` qun hltnrn hltnrn nl l`or` mn lh rnlhcg rnl hcgób ób nst nstnqug nqug`kçt `kçtrgch rgch nl vnfëcul vnfëcul`` nsthrè nsthrè fhcgnbm` fhcgnbm` ub
@4, lh kgskh snøhlns qun rnhlgzh nl QCKvèlvulh ` NC^GHC, c`k`nlnspr`cnshkgnbt` nl pr`cns` mn mn c`bvnrsgób mn lh lhss snøhl snøhlns ns hb hbhló hlóogc ogchs hs pr`vn pr`vnbgn bgnbtn btnss mn l`s snbs` snbs`rn rnss h mgogthlns phrh fhcnr iubcg`bhr hctuhm`rns c`k` l` s`b l`s gbynct`rns gbynct`r ns ` nl cunrp` mn hcnlnrhcgób. hcnlnrhcgób. ^bh vnz c`kprnbmgm` nl prgbcgpg` mn iubcg`bhkgnbt` y k`m` mn `pnrhcgób ns p`sgdln rnplgchr p`r bunstrh cunbth, mn i`rkh ninctgvh, ninctgvh, hloub`s mn l`s sgstnkhs knbcg`bhm`s hbtnrg`rknbtn.
YG. TNINTNBCNS U8[ Hut` Hut`k`tg k`tgvn vn Nln Nlnctrg ctrgcs cs hbm H Hut`k ut`k`tgv `tgvnn Nlnctr`b Nlnctr`bgcs. gcs. Systnks hbm C`kp`bnbts. tf
nsiunrz` p`riubcg`bhkgnbt`. c`kpnbshr sgtuhcg`bns phrh lhs cuhlns b` nstè mgsnøhm` su ^b njnkpl` snrëh nl chs` mn ub gbynct`r thphm`, nl QCK duschbm` c`kpnbshr lh knzclh p`drn hkplghrè hkplghrè nl hbcf` mn puls` mn l`s gbynct`rns gbynct`rns y nst` sól` pr`v`chrè pr`v`chrè ub huknbt`
> Nmgtg`b D@SCF fttps://www.hut`snrvgcn ut`snrvgcnpr`inssg` pr`inssg`bhl.c`k/h bhl.c`k/hrtgcln/7=76 rtgcln/7=764/Iunl-tr 4/Iunl-trgkgkU4[ fttps://www.h F`w-gt-w`res-hbm-f`w-t`-khen F`w-gt-w`re s-hbm-f`w-t`-khen-gt-w`re-i`r-y` -gt-w`re-i`r-y`u0Qhon;8 u0Qhon;8 .c`k/ihq/iunl-trgks /iunl-trgks.pfp .pfp U3[ fttps://www.`dm-c`mns fttps://www.` dm-c`mns.c`k/ihq
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