French Awesome Words

by

GABRIEL WYNER fluent-forever.com

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Copyright © 2014 by Gabriel Wyner Published digitally worldwide via the Fluent Forever website and blog Fluent-Forever.com Cover design: Sandra Salsbury Illustrations: Sandra Salsbury (illustratingreddit), Zach Weiner (Saturday Morning Breakfast Cereal), Michelle Czajkowski (Ava’s Demon), Christopher Hastings (The Adventures of Dr. McNinja), Katie Tiedrich (Awkward Zombie), Chris Jones (Captain Excelsior and Snowflakes), Anthony Clark (Nedroid), Andrea Tsurumi (her website), Der-shing Helmer (The Meek) and Jess Fink (Chester 5000 XYV). First Edition by Gabriel Wyner

Fluent-Forever.com

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Your first 625 words

Welcome to the Most Awesome Word List

seems the most apple-like. As a result, you’ll have a harder time remembering pomme, and even if you do remember, you’ll take much longer to find it. And unfortunately, that’s not even the end of the story. While you’re having this mental fight, you’ve probably just made the situation a little worse for next time. Every time you think of two things at once, they interconnect. So if you’re busy thinking about pommes, poires and pêches, and you’re not particularly sure which one’s which, then you’re jumbling those three fruits together into a messy jam of “Fairly confusing French fruits that start with the letter P.” You’ll be more likely to remember all three fruits the next time you try to retrieve the word for pear or peach. I’ve run into this problem quite a bit on my own, especially in French, where I learned a lot of Similar Words at the same time. I still  have problems remembering whether sept is 6 or 7, or whether jaune is yellow or green.

You Have Ever Seen! These words will form the foundation of your language. They’re some of the most frequent words you’ll encounter in any language, and they’re all relatively easy to learn using pictures. In addition, because these words are grouped together into stories, they will be much easier to memorize when compared with the typical word lists that you find in language textbooks and classrooms, where you learn colors one day, types of vegetables the next day, members of the family the following day, etc. What’s the story behind these lists? The research on this topic revolves around the concept of interference.1  Here’s the idea: Suppose you’re living in Paris, taking a beginning French class. One day, you learn a bunch of fruit names: une pomme (apple), une poire (pear), une pêche (peach). A few days later, you see an apple at a fruit stand and try to recall the word in French. Your brain jumps into action, looking for your word through several possible routes. It’s a fruit! It’s a French word I learned a few days ago! It starts with a P!

Looking at the numbers The concept of interference has been researched in a lot of different contexts, and I’ve linked five related studies at the end of this article, if you’d like to read more.

And because  you happened to learn three French fruits that start with the letter P (and all on the same day), you’re kind of screwed. Memories compete. When you try to recall your word, your three French fruits get into a kind of mental tugof-war, while you try to figure out which one

One of the first studies (Waring, 1997) gave test subjects a group of three to six words and their “translations” into a fake foreign language (apple = tisahl, pear = nugaw), and recorded how long it took

1 For more on interference, check out this Wikipedia article: En.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interference_theory

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each subject to memorize the translations. Half of the subjects got a group of closely related words (jacket, shirt, sweater), and half got unrelated words (frog, car, rain). The researchers would quiz subjects (what’s the word for “jacket”?) until they could remember every new translation within three seconds (‘jacket’ is…ummm…iddek!), and recorded the number of times they needed to repeat the tests until a subject successfully memorized a word. These are their results:

lesson and again one week later. In both cases, the kids had a harder time remembering Similar Words:

And they took longer to finish every SimilarWord quiz, taking an average of 5.8 minutes to finish, compared to 4.9 minutes for unrelated-word quizzes.

So What Are Our Options, Then? When you go by the numbers, learning Similar Words at the same time is a terrible idea. Granted, it

Similar Words took more than 35% longer to learn, at 11.3 repetitions for a group of similar words, compared to 7.2 repetitions for a group of unrelated words. This isn’t particularly efficient.

feels a lot more comfortable; you can feel like you’ve accomplished something whenever you learn new words (I learned all the colors today!), but given the detrimental effects it has on learning, we need some other options. So what are our alternatives?

Still, time isn’t everything. What about retention? Once you memorize a group of similar or unrelated words, how well do they stick?

In most studies, the alternative to word groups involved learning a jumble of totally unrelated words, and that works quite well. If you’ve browsed through my website or Appendix 5 of my book, you’ve probably run across my list of 625 words to learn in every language.

In a 2008 study, researchers tested these ideas in a school, teaching Turkish kids 40 unrelated  English words (peg, key, rat, sun) and 40 related words (20 foods and 20 animals) in a classroom setting, and testing them afterwards on how well they could match English words and pictures. They tested them immediately after each 2

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The first version of that list was presented in typical groups (animals, professions, etc.), but based upon the research, I started playing around with the idea of an alphabetical list. Normally, an alphabetical list would solve the similar word problem at the expense of adding a new problem: the words would all sound similar. But if you start with an alphabetical list in English and then translate it

room, try on, cash register – rather than words that fit in the same category, like sweater, shirt, jacket, and coat. They’re  related  words, rather than similar words, and there’s a huge  difference between them.

into your target language, you basically create a randomly ordered list anyway. So I put my English word list in alphabetical order, translated it into Hungarian, and learned that list. In practice, I found that memorizing words was much easier. I stopped getting my greens confused with my yellows (although I still get six confused with seven; I didn’t follow my own advice when it came to numbers, and Hungarian’s six and seven – hat and hét – are extremely similar looking).

repetitions to learn a group of words like “frog, hop, slimy, pond, croak, and  green,” when compared with “cloud, erase, social, office, lose, and risky“:

Learning related words – words that form stories – worked even better than totally random words. Subjects needed approximately 10% fewer

Alphabetical lists are also a lot easier to use; I could just skim through a Lonely Planet Phrasebook, circle my A-words, then circle my B-words, and after 30 minutes, I had good translations for every word in my list. As such, I decided to supply an alphabetical list in my book and added an alphabetical list to my website.

Why? When you learn related words, they form close associations with each other – frog connects with green and pond. These associations will help you remember the cluster of words later.

But alphabetical and random orders aren’t an especially satisfying way to learn (“I learned 10 random words today” is not as rewarding as “I learned all the fruits today!”), and fortunately, they’re not our only options. In one of the earliest studies, researchers tried out groups of words that shared the same theme. These are words that tell a story – sweater, wool, navy blue, striped, changing

This happened with your three French fruits – pomme, poire and pêche – too, but in that case, the words were so similar that they interfered with each other; you couldn’t remember which was which.

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website and in Chapter 4 of the book.2 Learn each of your words individually, on its own terms. Play Spot-the-Differences with Google Images and discover what makes French grenouilles different from English frogs. Find personal connections for vert (green) and use mnemonics to remember the genders of your étangs (ponds). This process will build up memorable associations within each word, and make those words much easier to recall long term. By virtue of the fact that you’re learning words like woman at the same time as you’re learning to wear and skirt, you’ll find that those words stick even better, because they’ll naturally form associations with each other. Those associations will be further reinforced by the illustrations on top of each page.3 All in all, this word list will help you learn your first 625 words faster, and make that process substantially more fun. Enjoy!

In our frog story, however, the words are all different enough that you won’t have trouble confusing them, and so the net result is a set of words that’s easier to remember. These sets of words can also provide you with the sense of accomplishment that’s missing from random or alphabetical lists (“I learned the slimy-green-frog story today!”). This makes the learning process more fun, which makes you more likely to stick with it.

What’s this list and how do I use it? This is the exact same list of 625 words that I provide in Appendix 5 of the book and on my website. The primary difference is that I’ve grouped those words into 89 little stories that will help build associations between those words and make them faster to memorize, easier to retain long term, and more fun to study. I’ve also commissioned illustrations of each of those stories to further reinforce the associations between the words (and to make the word lists much more pleasant to use).

Sources for further reading4

To save you some time, I’ve also commissioned professional translators to go through the 625 word lists and give you good, common translations for each word, accurate phonetic transcriptions, gender and/or counter words (when appropriate to the language) and added commentary when there are a few different translations that could be used for a given English word. Use this list in the exact same way you’d use a random or alphabetical list, as I describe on my

•

Effects on vocabulary acquisition of presenting new words in semantic sets versus semantically unrelated sets (Erten, 2008)

•

Semantic category effects in second language word learning (Finkbeiner, 2003)

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The negative effects of learning words in semantic sets: A replication (Waring, 1997)

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The effects of semantic and thematic clustering on the learning of second language vocabulary (Tinkham, 1997)

2 If you’re using Anki, you’ll find a guide to the flashcards you’ll be using here: http://fluent-forever.com/gallery/simple-word-flashcards 3 Remember, you’ll be playing Spot-The-Differences and finding your own illustrations for each word in this list. The illustrations you’ll find throughout this list are only here to help reinforce the associations between your words and make them easier to remember. 4 I’ll try to keep updated, non-pay walled links to these articles on this page: http://fluent-forever.com/efficient-way-to-learn-vocabulary

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terre – ciel – haut – lune – un – blanc point – étoile

©2014 Michele Czajkowski

French Word

Part of Speech

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

terre

f. noun

tɛʁ

earth

ciel

m. noun

sjεl

sky

haut

adverb

o

up

lune

f. noun

lyn

moon

un

Card. number /m. indefinite article

œ̃

one

3

blanc

m. adjective

blã

white

4

point

m. noun

pwɛ̃

dot

étoile

f. noun

e.twal

star

1

2

1 [terre] – This word generally refers to “earth” or “soil.” When referring to the Earth, you capitalize this word (“la Terre”). You can also use “la planète bleue” (the blue planet). “la planète bleue” means the earth. 2 [haut] - “Haut” can mean both “top” and “high” 3 [un] - Feminine form: une 4 [blanc] - Feminine form: blanche

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vendredi – serveur – se lever – dos – douleur

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

vendredi

m. noun

vɑ̃.dʁə.di

Friday

serveur

m. noun

sɛʁ.vœʁ

waiter

se lever

verb

sə lə.ve

to stand

1

dos

m. noun

do

back (body)

2

douleur

f. noun

du.lœʁ

pain

1 [se lever] – “To stand” has several possible translations: “être” (to be), “être debout” (to be upright), and “se trouver.” When describing the location of something, we would use “se trouver”. For example, “The house stands alone on the hill” = “La maison se trouve isolée sur la colline.” In some cases, it can be translated using “se lever” such as in the sentence “The judge asked us all to stand” = “Le juge nous demanda à tous de nous lever.” However, using “se lever” after a good night’s sleep for example is the translation of “to get up” while the noun form of stand, such as in “to take a stand” = “prendre position.” 2 [dos] – “la colonne vertébrale” = “spine”

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compter – cent un – jeune – chien parc – sauter

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

compter

verb

kɔ̃.te

to count

cent un

card. number

sɑ̃.oẽ

101

jeune

adjective

ʒœn

young

chien

m. noun

ʃjɛ̃

dog

parc

m. noun

paʁk

park

sauter

verb

so.te

to jump

1 [compter] – “compter sur quelqu’un” = to count on somebody.

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printemps – mars – vingt – peu profond rivière – glace – fondre

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

printemps

m. noun

pʁɛ.̃ tɑ̃

spring

mars

m. noun

maʁs

March

vingt

card. number

vɛ̃

20

peu profond

adjective

pø pʁo.fɔ̃

shallow

rivière

f. noun

ʁi.vjɛʁ

river

glace

f. noun

ɡlas

ice

fondre

verb

fɔ̃dʁ

to melt

Notes

1 [rivière] – Another possible translation is “un fleuve,” which describes rivers that connect to the ocean. However, since there are only four of these in France, “une rivière” is more commonly used.

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verbe

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

French Word verbe

Part of Speech (and gender)

Pronunciation in IPA vɛʁb

m. noun

English Translation verb

Notes 1

1 [verbe] – This is the first ‘category’ word in this dictionary. To learn a word like “verbe,” use 2-3 other words on your flashcards, along with images. So “verbe” might be “se lever, compter, sauter...,” with pictures of standing, counting or jumping. You can do this for any categories, like “animal,” “adjective” or “number.” Category words are handy to learn because you can re-use them to help you learn more specific words within a given category (i.e., [picture of two people kissing] + “verb” = “to kiss”, [different picture of two people kissing] + “noun” = “a kiss”, etc.)

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embrasser – cou – toucher – corps relations sexuelles – mariage

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

embrasser

verb

ɑ̃.bʁa.se

to kiss

cou

m. noun

ku

neck

toucher

verb

tu.ʃe

to touch

corps

m. noun

kɔʁ

body

relations sexuelles

f.noun

ʁə.la.sjɔ̃ sεk.sɥεl

sex (the act)

1

mariage

m. noun

ma.ʁjaʒ

marriage

2

1 [relations sexuelles] – Use “la relation sexuelle” or “les relations sexuelles (pl.)” when you refer to the act itself. “Sexe” = “genitals” or “sexuality.” 2 [mariage] – ‘Mariage’ can also be used for ‘wedding’

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janvier – premier – nouveau – sport exercice – sain

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

French Word

Part of Speech (and gender)

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

janvier

m. noun

ʒɑ̃.vje

January

premier

ord. number

pʁə.mje

1st

nouveau

adjective

nu.vo

new

sport

m. noun

spɔʁ

sport

exercice

m. noun

ɛɡ.zɛʁ.sis

exercise

sain

adjective

sɛ̃

healthy

1 [nouveau] – The feminine form is “nouvelle.” 2 [exercice] – The expression “faire de l’exercice” is used to mean “to do some exercise.”

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Notes

1

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cinq – pied – petit – femme porter – oreille – bague – serré – jupe

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

cinq

card. number

sɛk̃

5

pied

m. noun

pje

foot

petit

adjective

pə.ti

short

femme

f. noun

fam

woman

porter

verb

pɔʁ.te

to wear

oreille

f. noun

o.ʁɛj

ear

bague

f. noun

baɡ

ring

3

Serré

adjective

se.ʁe

tight

4

jupe

f. noun

ʒyp

skirt

1

2

1 [pied] – France uses the metric system, so this unit of measure doesn’t show up often in French. 2 [porter] – ‘Porter’ also means ‘to carry’ 3 [bague] – There are some other words with this same meaning: “un anneau” (pl. des anneaux) is generally a solid metal ring without jewels, and “une alliance” is a wedding ring; “engagement ring” = “une bague de fiançailles”; “The Lord Of The Rings” = ““Le Seigneur des Anneaux.” 4 [serré] – Some other words used in similar situations: “a tight rope” = “une corde raide” or “une corde tendue” whereas “a tight situation” = “une situation tendue.” “Difficile” and “délicate” can also be used in place of “tendue.” However, “friends who are very close (tight-knit friends)” = “des amis très proches.”

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sourd – parents – bruyant – téléphone bébé – pleurer – larme

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

sourd

adjective

suʁ

deaf

1

parents

m. noun

pa.ʁɑ̃

parent

2

bruyant

adjective

bʁɥi.jɑ̃

loud

3

téléphone

m. noun

te.le.fɔn

telephone

4

bébé

m. noun

be.be

baby

5

pleurer

verb

plə.ʁe

to cry

larme

f. noun

laʁm

tear (drop)

1 [sourd] – “Un sourd-muet” = “a deaf-mute.” 2 [parents] – This word is usually used in plural to refer to one´s mother and father because “un parent” in French means a “relative.” 3 [bruyant] - When talking about “loud music” = “une musique forte” although “bruyant” means “noisy.” For example, “Le bar était si bruyant qu’ils ne s’entendaient pas parler.” = “The bar was so loud that they couldn’t hear each other talk.” If we are talking about a loud color, the correct translation is “criard” or “voyant.” For example, “Lots of people wear loud clothes when they go to the beach.” = ‘Beaucoup de gens portent des vêtements voyants pour aller à la plage” We can even use “tape-à-l’oeil,” which has the same meaning as do “criard” and “voyant.” 4 [téléphone] – “Un portable” = a mobile phone 5 [bébé] – “Bébé’ is always used in the masculine form, whether the baby is male or female.

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sombre – théâtre – roi – aimer mille un – nuit

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

sombre

adjective

sɔb̃ ʁ

dark

1

théâtre

m. noun

te.ɑtʁ

theater

2

roi

m. noun

ʁwa

king

aimer

verb

e.me

to love

mille un

card. number

mil œ̃

1001

nuit

f. noun

nɥi

night

3

1 [sombre] – “Dark” can be translated as “foncé” when talking about a color. For example, “dark blue” = “bleu foncé;” It can also mean “obscure” (when there is no light around) or “sombre.” We can also say “dans le noir.” 2 [théâtre] – The word “théâtre” is used for live representations of plays like those of Shakespeare, for example. If you refer to the place where movies are projected, the common word is “un cinéma” or, even more commonly, just say “ciné.” i.e. “aller au ciné” = “to go to the movies.” A more popular expression for the same idea is “se faire un ciné.” 3 [aimer] – “Être amoureux” (f. adj. amoureuse) = “to be in love.”

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nom

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

French Word nom

Part of Speech (and gender)

Pronunciation in IPA nɔ̃

m. noun

15

English Translation noun

Notes

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hiver – deuxième – février – marcher froid – nord – ville – pluie – mouillé – gris

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

hiver

m. noun

i.vɛʁ

winter

deuxième

ord. number

dø.zjɛm

2nd

février

m. noun

fe.vʁi.je

February

marcher

verb

maʁ.ʃe

to walk

froid

adjective

fʁwa

cold

nord

m. noun

nɔʁ

north

ville

f. noun

vil

town

pluie

f. noun

plɥi

rain

mouillé

adjective

mu.je

wet

gris

adjective

ɡʁi

gray

Notes

1

2

1 [deuxième] – Note: One may use “second” when there are only two elements in a group, but this is not mandatory. 2 [ville] – “Une commune” /kɔ.myn/ is correct if you’re referring to the administrative entity (the equivalent of the term “city” in the United States when you use it strictly to designate an administrative entity without reference to the size). If you refer to “town” as a settlement that is larger than a village, then the correct translation is “une ville,” which is a very common word. In fact, in France, “un village” is “une commune” of 2000 or less inhabitants while “une ville “ is “une commune” of more than 2000 inhabitants. “Une commune” is any town (“une ville”), village (“un village”) or area that has its own council.

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acheter – cadeau – vélo – il – argent

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

acheter

verb

a.ʃø.te

to buy

cadeau

m. noun

ka.do

gift

1

vélo

m. noun

ve.lo

bike

2

il

pronoun

il

it

3

argent

m. noun

aʁ.ʒɑ̃

money

4

1 [cadeau] – The word “un présent” is also used in French and has the same meaning as it does in English. 2 [vélo] – Une bicyclette [bi.si.klɛt] can also be used although it’s slightly more formal than “vélo.” It’s roughly the equivalent of “bicycle vs bike” in English. 3 [il] – Because all French nouns are gendered, there’s no difference between “He is big” (Il est grand) and “It is big” (Il est grand), as long as you’re talking about a masculine object. The feminine form is “elle.” There is an impersonal form for “It’s” (as in “It’s so weird!”), which is “C’est”. If your grammar book doesn’t cover the differences between pronouns well, check out this article: http://tinyurl.com/c-est-il-est 4 [argent] “Argent” can mean both “silver” and “money”

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habillement – magasin – panneau – vendre long – ample – pantalon – poche – prix – quatre-vingts

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

clothing

1

m. noun

a.bij.mɑ̃ ma.ɡa.zɛ̃

store/shop

2

panneau

m. noun

pa.no

sign

3

vendre

verb

to sell

long

adjective

vɑ̃dʁ lɔ̃

ample

adjective

loose

pantalon

m. noun

ɑ̃pl pɑ̃.ta.lɔ̃

poche

f. noun

pɔʃ

pocket

prix

m. noun

pʁi

price

quatre-vingts

card. number

ka.trə.vɛ̃

80

habillement

m. noun

magasin

long 4

pants

1 [habillement] – The generic term is “ habillement”/abijmɑ̃/, which describes everything that can be worn. “Un habit” is a very common word that is synonymous with “un vêtement.” Another very common term is “prêt-à-porter,” which literally means “ready to wear” and is often used for items found in stores and fashion magazines. 2 [magasin] – “Une boutique” [butik] is also a very common word for a shop as is “un commerce.” 3 [panneau] – “Un signe” is used for hints and hand gestures. Other possible options are “signalisation” and “un panneau (pl. des panneaux) de signalisation” for signs on the road or billboards. 4 [ample] – “Loose” can generally be translated as “ample” when talking about clothing. “Les femmes enceintes portent souvent des robes amples.” = “Pregnant women often wear loose dresses.” If, instead, you’d like to talk about a loose screw or a loose wheel, use “desserré.”

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soixante-dix – million – année – ancien dur – pierre – montagne – tomber – mort

©2014 Katie Tiedrich

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

soixante-dix

card number

swa.sɑ̃t dis

70 

million

card number

mi.ljɔ̃

million

année

f. noun

a.ne

year

1

ancien

adjective

ɑ̃.sjɛ̃

old (new)

2

dur

adjective

dyʁ

hard

pierre

f. noun

pjɛʁ

stone

montagne

f. noun

mɔ̃.taɲ

mountain

tomber

verb

tɔ̃.be

to fall

mort

adjective

mɔʁ

dead

3

1 [Année] – You can also use ‘an’, depending on the context. This is explained on this website: http://www.french-linguistics.co.uk/ grammar/when_to_use_an_annee.shtml 2 [ancien] – “Ancien” is also a translation for the word “former” when talking talking about something like the former president. 3 [mort] – “Décédé” = “deceased.” “Mort” can also be used as a feminine noun, which you can see on p.46

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adjectif

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

French Word adjectif

Part of Speech (and gender) m. noun

Pronunciation in IPA ad.ʒɛk.tif

20

English Translation adjective

Notes

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camion – pneu – terre – porter – poids

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

camion

m. noun

ka.mjɔ̃

truck

pneu

m. noun

pnø

tire

terre

f. noun

tɛʁ

ground

porter

verb

pɔʁ.te

to carry

poids

m. noun

pwɑ

weight

Notes

1

1 [terre] – Both “le sol” and “la terre” can be used to refer to the surface on which we walk, crawl, or fall (i.e. “tomber par terre” ). “Sol” and “terre” can also be used to designate the ground (solid matter); another meaning of “le(s) sol(s)” is “superficial layer of the earth.” While “la terre” is also used to refer to the planet Earth, the word “sol” cannot be used in the same way.

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zéro – courbé – cercle – nombre

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

French Word

Part of Speech (and gender)

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

zéro

card. number

ze.ʁo

zero

courbé

adjective

kuʁ.be

curved

cercle

m. noun

sɛʁkl

circle

nombre

m. noun

nɔb̃ ʁ

number

1 [nombre] - When referring to a phone number, a registration number, etc. , use the word ‘numéro’ instead.

22

Notes

1

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juin – chaud – plage – sable – île – paradis

©2014 Michelle Czajkowski

French Word

Part of Speech (and gender)

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

juin

m. noun

ʒɥɛ̃

June

chaud

adjective

ʃo

hot/warm

plage

f. noun

plaʒ

beach

sable

m. noun

sɑbl

sand

île

f. noun

il

island

paradis

m. noun

pa.ʁa.di

heaven

Notes

1

2

1 [chaud] – “Hot” and “warm” can both be translated as “chaud.” As “hot” is considered warmer than “warm,” we can translate it as “très chaud” while “brûlant” = “scalding” and “tiède” = “lukewarm.” 2 [paradis] – “Le paradis” is the common word used in opposition to the “l’enfer” (cf. l’enfer et le paradis). However, the word “ciel” (sky) is used to refer to heaven in other cases like in the prayer “Notre Père qui êtes aux Cieux” (sgl. “ciel”) = “Our Father who art in Heaven.” Both translations are possible; it just depends on the individual situation

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cochon – quatre – jambe – sale – creuser – sol manger – maïs – plante

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

cochon

m. noun

ko.ʃɔ̃

pig

quatre

card. Number

katʁ

4

jambe

f. noun

ʒɑ̃b

leg

sale

adjective

sal

dirty

creuser

verb

kʁø.ze

to dig

sol

m. noun

sɔl

soil

manger

verb

mɑ̃.ˈʒe

to eat

maïs

m. noun

ma.is

corn

plante

f. noun

plɑ̃t

plant

Notes 1

2

3

4

1 [cochon] – “When referring to the meat, you should say “porc” (for example: “Une côtelette de porc” = “a pork chop”). “Porc” can also be used to describe the animal itself. 2 [jambe] – Only used for humans or horses. To describe other animals’ legs, use the word “patte” 3 [sol] – “La terre” is used to refer to the earth, but “le sol” refers to soil and the ground on which we walk. 4 [maïs] – A trema (also known as an umlaut) over an ‘i’ creates a new syllable in which the vowels are separated. For example, “maïs” is pronounced [ma.is].

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famille – s’asseoir – bas – verre – bas – bateau appareil photo – photo – mer

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

French Word

Part of Speech (and gender)

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

famille

f. noun

fa.mij

family

s’asseoir

verb

sa.swaʁ

to sit

bas

adverb

ba

down, low

verre

m. noun

vɛʁ

glass

bas

adverb

ba

bottom

bateau

m. noun

ba.to

boat

appareil photo

m. noun

a.pa.ʁɛj fo.to

camera

photo

f. noun

fo.to

photograph

mer

f. noun

mɛʁ

sea

Notes

1

1 [photo] – “Une photo” is the diminutive for “une photographie.” “Photographie” is used to refer to both a physical picture and the technique/art of taking pictures.

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artiste – cuivre – outil – beau – argile – lampe trente – centimètre – grand

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

French Word

Part of Speech (and gender)

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

artiste

m. noun

aʁ.tist

artist

cuivre

m. noun

kɥivʁ

copper

outil

m. noun

u.ti

tool

beau

adjective

bo

beautiful

argile

f. noun

aʁ.ʒil

clay

lampe

f. noun

lɑ̃p

lamp

trente

card. number

tʁɑ̃t

30

centimètre

m. noun

sɑ̃.ti.mɛtʁ

centimeter

grand

adjective

ɡʁɑ

tall/large/big

1 [beau] – “Belle” is the feminine form. In formal language, we can say “ravissant/ravissante.” 2 [grand] – A similar option is the word “haut” = high.

26

Notes

1

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bon marché – hôtel – sept – jour plastique – lit

©2014 Chris Jones

French Word

Part of Speech (and gender)

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

bon marché

adjective

bɔ̃ maʁ.ʃe

cheap

1

hôtel

m. noun

o.tɛl

hotel

2

sept

card. number

sɛt

7

jour

m. noun

ʒuʁ

day

plastique

m. noun

plas.tik

plastic

lit

m. noun

li

bed

3

1 [bon marché] – Literal translation: “Good value.” 2 [hôtel] – The /H/ at the beginning of “hôtel” is known as an “H muet” (mute H) as opposed to the “H aspiré” (aspirated H). All /H/s are silent in French, but the H muet allows for liaison (So the /N/ in “un hôtel” isn’t silent; the phrase is pronounced /ɛ_̃ no.tɛl/). The H aspiré, in contrast, shows up in loan words and doesn’t allow for liaison (so “un haïku” is pronounced /ɛ̃ aj.ku/). In the written language, H muet is treated as if it were a vowel, so you’ll write “l’hôtel” (the hotel) instead of “le hôtel,” but you’ll write “le haïku,” rather than “l’haïku.” Keeping track of which H is in which word is a good candidate for mnemonics (All ‘H aspiré’ words can be associated with hurricaneforce winds, whereas all ‘H muet’ words can be associated with a sad Parisian mime, for instance). 3 [jour] – Use “la journée” to emphasize the duration of an event or state. For example, “J’ai passée toute la journée au bureau” = “I spent the whole day at the office.”

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palais de justice – avocat – calme – voix milliard – dollar – contrat – signer

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

palais de justice

m. noun

pa.lɛ də ʒys.tis

court

avocat

m. noun

a.vo.ka

lawyer

calme

adjective

kalm

quiet

voix

f. noun

vwa

voice

milliard

m. noun

mi.ljaʁ

billion

dollar

m. noun

do.laʁ

dollar

contrat

m. noun

kɔ̃.tʁa

contract

signer

verb

si.ɲe

to sign

Notes 1

2

1 [palais de justice] – “Un palais de justice” refers to the building in which the law is administered. The word “un tribunal” (pl. “les tribunaux”) is commonly used to designate both the building and the judicial authority. Less commonly used is “La Cour”(with capital C), which corresponds to the people in charge of justice in the “palais de justice” (like the magistrates, for example). An example of the use of this is in “La Cour de justice de l’Union Européenne” (The magistrates of the EU). 2 [ calme] – “Quiet” can also be translated as “silencieux” if it is used to mean “not noisy.” For example, during a tennis competition, the commentator could say, “Quiet, please!” = “Silence s’il vous plaît!”

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soir – onze – quinze – maison serrure – dormir

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

soir

m. noun

swaʁ

evening 

onze

card. number

ɔz̃

11

quinze

card. number

kɛ̃z

15

maison

f. noun

mɛ.zɔ̃

home

serrure

f. noun

se.ʁyʁ

lock

dormir

verb

dɔʁ.miʁ

to sleep

Notes 1

2

1 [soir] – Use the word “la soirée” when the emphasis is on the duration of the evening. 2 [maison] – “Maison” is the most commonly used expression. However, “chez soi” and “à la maison,” which both mean “at home” are equally common. “Le foyer” is sometimes used to refer to a family unit. i.e. “le foyer familial” = the marital home.

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cœur – maladie – médecin – pousser – aiguille médicament – vivant

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

cœur

m. noun

kœʁ

heart

1

maladie

f. noun

ma.la.di

disease

2

médecin

m. noun

med.sɛ̃

doctor

3

pousser

verb

pu.se

to push

aiguille

f. noun

ɛ.ɡɥij

needle

médicament

m. noun

me.di.ka.mɑ̃

medicine

vivant

adjective

vi.vɑ̃

alive

4

1 [cœur] – The “oe” in coeur is traditionally written as one character as follows: œ. 2 [maladie] – The word “une infection” is also commonly used, as it is in English, when talking about a disease caused by germs or bacteria. 3 [médecin] – The term “médecin” is a bit more formal than “docteur,” which is used very often. “Un médecin” is used for someone who has obtained the title of doctor in medicine, but a familiar term is “un toubib.” In contrast, “un docteur” refers to anyone who has obtained “un doctorat” which is the equivalent of a Ph.D (or M.D.) and can also be obtained in fields other than medicine such as in law. 4 [médicament] – When referring to the medication we drink or swallow in order to cure an illness, we used “un/les médicament(s),” but “la médecine” is used when talking about the treatment of illness and injuries by doctors and nurses.

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chat – suivre – trois – aveugle – souris

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

chat

m. noun

ʃa

cat

suivre

verb

sɥivʁ

to follow

trois

card. number

tʁwɑ

3

aveugle

adjective

a.vœɡl

blind

souris

f. noun

su.ʁi

mouse

31

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papier – lettre – banque – chef – emploi oui – heureux – homme

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

French Word

Part of Speech (and gender)

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

papier

m. noun

pa.pje

paper

lettre

f. noun

lɛtʁ

letter

banque

f. noun

bɑ̃k

bank

chef

m. noun

ʃɛf

manager

2

emploi

m. noun

ɑ̃.plwa

job

3

oui

adverb

wiː

yes

heureux

adjective

oeʁø; øz

happy

homme

m. noun

ɔm

man

1

4

1 [papier] – The word “une feuille” = “sheet of paper” can also be used. 2 [chef] – When talking about the manager of a sales department, “un chef” = “a leader.” Using “un chef” to refer to “a boss” is very popular too but in a less formal style (the abrievation “PDG” = “président directeur général” is often used like CEO in the United States). “Un patron” means the same as “un chef.” 3 [emploi] – “Un job” is commonly used but is less formal than “un emploi” = “employment.” 4 [heureux] – “Happy birthday” = “Joyeux anniversaire,” but “content” is the translation for “glad,” which is a milder term than “happy.” “Happy” is closer to “joyful” (“joyeux”) in meaning.

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vous – huit – chaise – restaurant – étroit – table dîner – vin – poulet – soupe – cuillère

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

French Word

Part of Speech (and gender)

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

Vous

pronoun

vu

you (plural)

huit

card. number

ɥit

8

chaise

f. noun

ʃɛz

chair

restaurant

m. noun

restaurant

étroit

adjective

ʁɛs.to.ʁɑ̃ e.tʁwa

table

f. noun

tabl

table

dîner

m. noun

di.ne

dinner

vin

m. noun

vɛ̃

wine

poulet

m. noun

pu.le

chicken

3

soupe

f. noun

sup

soup

4

cuillère

f. noun

kɥi.jɛʁ

spoon

1

narrow 2

1 [Vous] – “Vous” is also used to address one person formally. 2 [dîner] – “Un dîner” refers to the dinner that is eaten at around 19:00. “Un souper” can also be used to refer to this meal, but it is more old-fashioned. Usually, we use “un souper” = supper to refer to meals that are eaten very late (around midnight) such as a meal after watching a movie, for example. 3 [poulet] – There are also alternative options. One of these is the feminine word “poule” like it is used in “poule-au-pot”= boiled chicken, while “le poulet” refers to a young cock (“un coq” like in “coq-au-vin”) or a young “poule,” which is a female chicken. 3 [soupe] – An alternative translation is “un potage.”

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trente et un – date – décembre – neige – chaussure aller – forêt – vent – secouer – mince – feuille

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

trente et un

card. number

tʁɑ̃.t_e œ̃

31

date

f. noun

dat

date

décembre

m. noun

de.sɑ̃bʁ

December

neige

f. noun

nɛʒ

snow

chaussure

f. noun

ʃo.syʁ

Shoe

1

aller

verb

a.le

to go

2

forêt

f. noun

fo.ʁɛ

forest

vent

m. noun

vɑ̃

wind

secouer

verb

sə.kwe

to shake

mince

adjective

mɛ̃s

thin

feuille

f. noun

fœj

leaf

3

1 [chaussure] – (pl. “les chaussures”) We usually say “des chaussures” or “une paire de chaussures” because we use two of them at a time. 2 [aller] – A more formal translation is “se rendre (à...)” followed by the place to which you are going. 3 [secouer] – The verb “agiter” (to agitate) is also possible and common. However, if a person is shaking as a result of cold weather, the correct translation is “trembler” (de froid), but “to shake hands with sb” = “serrer la main à quelqu’un.”

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femme – petit – diamant – noces robe – dimanche – jeter – riz

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

femme

f. noun

fam

wife

petit

adjective

pə.ti

small/little

diamant

m. noun

dja.mɑ̃

diamond

noces

f. noun

nɔs

wedding

robe

f. noun

ʁɔb

dress

dimanche

m. noun

di.mɑ̃ʃ

Sunday

jeter

verb

ʒə.te

to throw

riz

m. noun

ʁi

rice

Notes

1

1 [noces] – Use “les noces”/nɔs/ to refer to the wedding ceremony and for expressions like “honeymoon” = “voyage de noces” or a diamond wedding = “noces de diamant.” However, when talking about a “wedding anniversary” = “anniversaire de mariage”, “wedding cake” = “gâteau de mariage,” or “wedding present”= “cadeau de mariage,” use “mariage.” Both expressions are possible, but the first is a bit more old-fashioned.

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octobre – jeudi – deux – équipe – vingt-deux joueur – pied – ballon – supporter

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

French Word

Part of Speech (and gender)

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

octobre

m. noun

ɔk.tɔbʁ

october

jeudi

m. noun

ʒø.di

Thursday

deux

card. number

dø

2

équipe

f. noun

e.kip

team

vingt-deux

card. number

vɛ̃t.dø

22

joueur

m. noun

ʒwœʁ

player

pied

m. noun

pje

foot

ballon

m. noun

ba.lɔ̃

ball

2

supporter

m. noun

sy.pɔʁ.tɛʁ

fan (sports)

3

1

1 [joueur] – The feminine form is “une joueuse” /ʒwøz/. 2 [ballon] – French has several words for ball depending upon the size and usage. Use “un ballon” for soccer, “une balle” for tennis or golf, and “une boule” for bowling and billiards.” 3 [supporter] – Use “un supporter”/sy.pɔʁ.tɛʁ/ or “un supporteur” if you refer to sports.

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battre – cheval – fort – animal – tirer lourd – boîte

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

battre

verb

batʁ

to beat/hit

cheval

m. noun

ʃə.val

horse

fort

adjective

fɔʁ

strong

animal

m. noun

a.ni.mal

animal

tirer

verb

ti.ʁe

to pull

lourd

adjective

luʁ

heavy

2

boîte

f. noun

bwat

box

3

1 [lourd] – “Pesant” is a less common option. 2 [boîte] – Another common translation is “une caisse.” For example, “a toolbox” = “une caisse à outils.”

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horloge – neuf – quarante – matin soleil – lumière – café – nez – sentir

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

horloge

f. noun

ɔʁ.lɔʒ

clock

neuf

card. number

nœf

9

quarante

card. number

ka.ʁɑ̃t

40

matin

m. noun

ma.tɛ̃

morning

soleil

m. noun

so.lɛj

sun

lumière

f. noun

ly.mjɛʁ

light (noun)

café

m. noun

ka.fe

coffee

nez

m. noun

ne

nose

sentir

verb

sɑ̃.tiʁ

to smell

1 [horloge] – Another common translation is “un réveil” = “an alarm clock.” 2 [matin] – Use “la matinée” to emphasize the duration. For example, “faire la grasse matinée” = “to sleep in.”

38

Notes 1

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devant – salle de bains – fenêtre – voir œil – jardin

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

devant

adverb

də.vɑ̃

in front

salle de bains

f. noun

sal də bɛ̃

bathroom

fenêtre

f. noun

fə.nɛtʁ

window

voir

verb

vwaʁ

to see

œil

m. noun

œj

eye

jardin

m. noun

ʒaʁ.dɛ̃

garden/yard

Notes

1

2

1 [salle de bains] – “Une salle de bains” is where you’d go to take a bath or shower. If you want to go to the bathroom (i.e. the toilet), you’d ask “Où sont les toilettes?” = “Where are the toilets?” 2 [Œil] – The plural form is ‘les yeux’ \jø\ (the eyes)

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attraper – six – kilogramme – laid plat – poisson

©2014 Der-shing Helmer

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

attraper

verb

a.tʁa.pe

to catch

six

card. number

sis

6

1

kilogramme

m. noun

ki.lo.ɡʁam

kilogram

2

laid

adjective

lɛ

ugly

plat

adjective

pla

flat

poisson

m. noun

pwa.sɔ̃

fish

1 [six] – The pronunciation of the /X/ in “six” varies. It is typically silent when used before a noun that starts with a consonant. For example, in “six jours,” “six” sounds like “see.” However, when it is used before a word that starts with a vowel, /X/ takes on a /Z/ sound instead, and when it’s at the end of a phrase or at the end of a number that’s not followed by a noun, like “J’en ai quarante-six,” the /X/ is pronounced like “eese.” 2 [kilogramme] – The common translation is “un kilo.” For example, “Je voudrais un kilo d’oranges s’il vous plaît” = “I’d like a kilo of oranges, please.”

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tu – apprendre – dix – doigt – ordinateur programme – technologie



©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes 1

tu

pronoun

ty

you (singular)

apprendre

verb

a.pʁɑ̃dʁ

to learn

dix

card. Number

dis

10

doigt

m. noun

dwa

finger

ordinateur

m. noun

ɔʁ.di.na.tœʁ

computer

programme

m. noun

pʁo.ɡʁam

program (computer)

technologie

f. noun

tɛk.no.lo.ʒi

technology

1 [tu] – “Tu” is used to address a friend, a relative or a child; it is informal. To address someone formally, use “vous”

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je – cuisiner – œuf – petit déjeuner cuisine – bon – tasse – orange – jus

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

je

pronoun

ʒə

I

cuisiner

verb

kɥi.zi.ne

to cook

1

œuf

m. noun

œf

egg

2

petit déjeuner

m. noun

pə.ti de.ʒø.ne

breakfast

cuisine

f. noun

kɥi.zin

kitchen

bon

adjective

bɔ̃

good

tasse

f. noun

tɑs

cup

orange

f. noun

o.ʁɑ̃ʒ

orange

jus

m. noun

ʒy

juice

1 [cuisiner] – There is a difference between “cuisiner” and “cuire.” “Cuisiner” means to prepare the food (i.e. following a recipe) while “cuire” means to apply the heat (i.e. to grill). In a familiar sense and unrelated to food, “cuisiner quelqu’un” means to keep asking someone questions in order to get informations (to pump). For example, “La policier cuisine le suspect” = “The police officer pumps the suspect. “ 2 [Œuf] – The plural form of “œuf”, “œufs” has a radically different pronunciation: /ø/

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gare – drogue – payer – prison – adulte douze – mois

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

gare

f. noun

ɡaʁ

train station

drogue

f. noun

dʁɔɡ

drug

payer

verb

pe.je

to pay

prison

f. noun

pʁi.zɔ̃

prison

adulte

m. noun

a.dylt

adult

douze

card. number

duz

12

mois

m. noun

mwa

month

Notes

1

1 [prison] – “La taule” is the common word for prison, but “un établissement pénitentiaire” or just “un pénitencier” = “a penitentiary.”

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cent deux – température – sec été – sueur – août – piscine – chaud

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

French Word

Part of Speech (and gender)

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

cent deux

card. number

sɑ̃ dø

102

température

f. noun

tɑ̃.pe.ʁa.tyʁ

temperature

sec

adjective

sɛk

dry

été

m. noun

e.te

summer

sueur

f. noun

sɥœʁ

sweat

août

m. noun

ut

August

piscine

f. noun

pi.sin

pool

chaud

adjective

ʃo

hot/warm

Notes

1

1 [chaud] – “Hot” and “warm” canboth be translated as “chaud.” As “hot” is considered warmer than “warm,” we can translate it as “très chaud” while “brûlant” = “scalding” and “tiède” = “lukewarm.”

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nature – chanter – jaune – oiseau – aile arbre – bois – épais – racine

©2014 Jess Fink

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

nature

f. noun

na.tyʁ

nature

chanter

verb

ʃɑ̃.te

to sing

jaune

adjective

ʒon

yellow

oiseau

m. noun

wa.zo

bird

aile

f. noun

ɛl

wing

arbre

m. noun

aʁbʁ

tree

bois

m. noun

bwɑ

wood

épais

adjective

e.pɛ

thick

racine

f. noun

ʁa.sin

root

45

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treize – étage – bâtiment – passer – mort

©2014 Christopher Hastings

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

treize

card. number

tʁɛz

13

étage

m. noun

e.taʒ

floor

1

bâtiment

m. noun

bɑ.ti.mɑ̃

building

2

passer

verb

pa.se

to pass by

3

mort

f. noun

mɔʁ

death

4

1 [étage] – When using the term “floor” to designate the different levels of a building, use the word “étage.” Note the differences between US and UK English in translating these three French terms: (FR) Rez-de-chaussée/Premier étage/Deuxième étage = (US) First floor/ Second floor/Third floor = (UK) Ground floor/First floor/Second floor. When referring to the part of the room on which you walk, the word “le sol” = “floor” is used. 2 [bâtiment] – “Un édifice” and “une construction” ( from the verb “construire” = to build) are also commonly used. 3 [passer] – In some cases, “to pass by” can also mean “ignorer” (to ignore something) and even “snober” (to snub). The preposition “by” can be translated by “devant” or “à côté.” For example, “It’s hard to pass by a mirror without looking at your reflection” = “Il est difficile de passer devant un miroir sans regarder son reflet.” It contains both the idea of moving physically past or next to something and to ignore it voluntarily or not. “Ne pas prêter attention à quelque chose” = “Not to pay attention to” = to ignore. 4 [mort] – Use “la mort” to refer to the death of someone or something, but “un mort” (feminine: “une morte”) = “a death.” The Grim Reaper = La Grande Faucheuse

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dessiner – stylo – image – pendre mur – art

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

dessiner

verb

de.si.ne

to draw

stylo

m. noun

sti.lo

pen

image

f. noun

i.maʒ

image

pendre

verb

pɑ̃dʁ

to hang

mur

m. noun

myʁ

wall

art

m. noun

aʁ

art

Notes

1

2

1 [pendre] – The best option is the verb “pendre” /pɑ̃dʁ/. The verb “suspendre” is the same as “to suspend” in American English. It can also mean “to stop or delay an activity” so you may want to discard it as your main translation. “Accrocher” means “to hook.” 2 [art] – When referring to a genre in general, we usually use the indefinite article. i.e. “la musique, le cinéma, la peinture, etc.”

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dix-huit – trou – jeu – jouer vert – jardin – perdre

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

dix-huit

card. number

di.z_ɥit

18

trou

m. noun

tʁu

hole

jeu

m. noun

ʒø

game

jouer

verb

ʒwe

to play

vert

adjective

vɛʁ

green

perdre

verb

pɛʁdʁ

to lose

jardin

m. noun

ʒaʁ.dɛ̃

garden/yard

48

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grand – main – masculin – film – acteur

©2014 Zach Weiner

French Word

Part of Speech (and gender)

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

grand

adjective

ɡʁɑ̃

large/big/tall

main

f. noun

mɛ̃

hand

masculin

adjective

mas.ky.lɛ̃

male

film

m. noun

film

movie

acteur

m. noun

ak.tœʁ

actor

Notes

1

1 [film] – This could also be translated by the word “cinéma” in certain expressions like “a movie star” = “une star (or “une étoile”) du cinéma.” The translation is correct, but it does depend on the situation.

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garçon – morceau – citron – sucre gâteau – fourchette – assiette – dix-sept – avril

©2014 Michelle Czajkowski

French Word

Part of Speech (and gender)

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

garçon

m. noun

ɡaʁ.sɔ̃

boy

morceau

m. noun

mɔʁ.so

piece

citron

m. noun

si.tʁɔ̃

lemon

sucre

m. noun

sykʁ

sugar

gâteau

m. noun

ɡɑ.to

cake

fourchette

f. noun

fuʁ.ʃɛt

fork

assiette

f. noun

a.sjɛt

plate

dix-sept

card. number

di.sɛt

17

avril

m. noun

a.vʁil

April

1 [morceau] – “Une pièce” is also used. “Mettre quelque chose en pièces” = “to smash something to pieces.” 2 [gâteau] – The word “cake” is also used in French.

50

Notes

1

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mercredi – marché – nourriture – déjeuner pain – bœuf – banane

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

French Word

Part of Speech (and gender)

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

mercredi

m. noun

mɛʁ.kʁə.di

Wednesday

marché

m. noun

maʁ.ʃe

market

nourriture

f. noun

nu.ʁi.tyʁ

food

1

déjeuner

m. noun

de.ʒœ.ne

lunch

2

pain

m. noun

pɛ̃

bread

bœuf

m. noun

bœf

beef

banane

f. noun

ba.nan

banana

3

1 [nourriture] – The word “un aliment” (pl. “des aliments”) is also very common but the translation is correct. 2 [déjeuner] – Another possible translation is “un repas,” which can be both “a meal” and “lunch.” For example, “un panier-repas” = “packed lunch.” 3 [boeuf] – (pl. “des bœufs” /bø/). When written formally, use “un bœuf.” “le bœuf bourguignon” is a famous recipe.

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épaule – sac – gauche – côté – lever

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

épaule

f. noun

e.pol

shoulder

sac

m. noun

sak

bag

gauche

f. noun, adjective

ɡoʃ

left

côté

m. noun

ko.te

side

lever

verb

lə.ve

to lift

Notes

1

2

1 [gauche] – In directions, “on the left” = “à gauche.” 2 [lever] – “Lever” is the translation of “to raise” (a hand) or “to rise” (sun). “To raise “ can also be translated as “soulever,” as there is little difference between the two.

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elle – s’étendre – chambre – plafond ventilateur – air – temps – seize – après-midi

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

elle

pronoun

ɛl

she

s’étendre

verb

se.tɑ̃dʁ

 to lie down

chambre

f. noun

ʃɑ̃bʁ

bedroom

plafond

m. noun

pla.fɔ̃

ceiling

ventilateur

m. noun

vɑ̃.ti.la.tœʁ

fan (appliance)

air

m. noun

ɛʁ

air

temps

m. noun

tɑ̃

time

seize

card. number

sɛz

16 

après-midi

m. noun

a.pʁɛ mi.di

afternoon

Notes

1

2

1 [s’étendre] – “S’allonger” is also acceptable and very common. “Se coucher” can also be used in this instance for this meaning. 2 [temps] – “An hour” = “une heure.” For example, “Quelle heure est-il?” = “What time is it?” “Fois” refers to a particular number of times an action is done. For example, “J’ai sauté deux fois.” = “I jumped two times.”

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avion – billet – intérieur – aéroport tout droit – derrière

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

French Word

Part of Speech (and gender)

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

avion

m. noun

a.vjɔ̃

plane

billet

m. noun

bi.jɛ

ticket

1

intérieur

m. noun, adjective

ɛ̃.te.ʁjœʁ

inside

2

aéroport

m. noun

a.e.ʁo.pɔʁ

airport

tout droit

adverb

tu dʁwa

straight ahead

derrière

adverb

dɛ.ʁjɛʁ

back (direction)

1 [billet] – “un billet (de train)” = “a (train) ticket.” 2 [intérieur] - The adverb for “inside” is “dedans.”

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portable – réseau – quatre-vingt-dix – minute appeler – ami – rire

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

portable

m. noun

pɔʁ.tabl

cell phone

réseau

m. noun

ʁe.zo

network

quatre-vingt-dix

card. number

ka.trə vɛ̃ dis

90

minute

f. noun

mi.nyt

minute

appeler

verb

a.pə.le

to call

2

ami

m. noun

a.mi

friend

3

rire

verb

ʁiʁ

to laugh

1

1 [portable] – “Portable” is also often used as are “un téléphone cellulaire” or “un téléphone portable.” However, “portable” is more common. 2 [appeler] – An alternate translation of “to call” is “téléphoner” = “to make a call” or “to phone.” 3 [ami] – The feminine form is “une amie” while “une pote” = “a buddy” in an informal register.

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sœur – nager – lac – eau

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

sœur

f. noun

sœʁ

sister  

nager

verb

na.ʒe

to swim

lac

m. noun

lak

lake

eau

f. noun

o

water

1 [sœur] –Another common word is “une frangine”, which is informal.

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voisin – construire – quatre-vingt-un – carré mètre – maison – orange – peinture

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

voisin

m. noun

vwa.zɛ̃

neighbor

construire

verb

kɔ̃.stʁɥiʁ

to build

quatre-vingt-un

card. number

ka.trə vɛ̃ oẽ

81

carré

m. noun

ka.ʁe

square

mètre

m. noun

mɛtʁ

meter 

maison

f. noun

mɛ.zɔ̃

house

orange

adjective

o.ʁɑ̃ʒ

orange

peinture

f. noun

pɛ̃.tyʁ

paint

1 [carré] – “Au carré “ is used in mathematical formulae like E=MC “squared.” 2 [peinture] – Use “un tableau” when you refer to a painting.

57

Notes

1

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frère – soixante – seconde – haut – colline course – courir – rapide

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

frère

m. noun

fʁɛʁ

brother

soixante

card. number

swa.sɑ̃t

60

seconde

f. noun

sə.ɡɔ̃d

second

haut

adjective

o

high

colline

f. noun

ko.lin

hill

course

f. noun

kuʁs

course

courir

verb

ku.ʁiʁ

to run

rapide

adjective

ʁa.pid

fast

1 [frère] – Another common word is “un frangin.” Another common word is “un frangin”, which is informal. 2 [haut] - “Haut” can mean both “top” and “high” 3 [course] – Another option is the word “une compétition,” which is also common. However, this translation is correct.

58

Notes 1

2

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président – gagner – élection – mardi novembre – troisième

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

président

m. noun

pʁe.zi.dɑ̃

president

gagner

verb

ɡa.ɲe

to win

élection

f. noun

e.lɛk.sjɔ̃

election

mardi

m. noun

maʁ.di

Tuesday

novembre

m. noun

no.vɑ̃bʁ

November

troisième

ord. number

tʁwa.zjɛm

3rd

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samedi – bar – vingt et un – bière – bouteille mal – étudiant – université

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

French Word

Part of Speech (and gender)

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

samedi

m. noun

sam.di

Saturday 

bar

m. noun

baʁ

bar

vingt et un

card. number

vɛ̃ te oẽ

21

bière

f. noun

bjɛʁ

beer

bouteille

f. noun

bu.tɛj

bottle

mal

adjective

mal

bad

1

étudiant

m. noun

e.ty.djɑ̃

student

2

université

f. noun

y.ni.vɛʁ.si.te

university

1 [mal] –Another word for ‘bad’ is ‘mauvais’. Both words are used, but in different contexts. ‘Mauvais’ can modify a noun (“un mauvais acteur” - “a bad actor”), and is associated with wrong, disgusting, etc. “Mal” cannot modify a noun directly (you have to use it with a verb, as in “C’est mal” - “That’s bad/wrong”) and usually refers to evil or pain. 2 [étudiant] – The correct translation is “un étudiant” (feminine: “une étudiante”). “Un (feminine: une) élève” = “a pupil” while “un écolier” (feminine: “une écolière”) = “a school pupil” or a “schoolboy/schoolgirl” (from “school” = ”école”).

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race – peau – couleur – humain lutter – triste

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes 1

race

f. noun

ʁas

race (ethnicity)

peau

f. noun

po

skin

couleur

f. noun

ku.lœʁ

color

humain

m. noun

y.mɛ̃

human

2

lutter

verb

ly.te

to fight

3

triste

adjective

tʁist

sad

1 [race] – The word “race” was suppressed from French legislation last year, but the translation is correct. This is just to say that this word has been the object of a debate whether or not it should be considered pejorative; a more neutral word is “une ethnie.” 2 [humain] – “un être humain” = “a human being.” 3 [lutter] – You can use “une lutte” or “un combat” as nouns, both meaning “a fight.”

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sympathique – secrétaire – extérieur – bureau bus – soixante-deux – bibliothèque – carte

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

French Word

Part of Speech (and gender)

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

sympathique

adjective

sɛ.̃ pa.tik

nice

secrétaire

m. noun

sə.kʁe.tɛʁ

secretary

extérieur

m. noun/adj.

ɛk.ste.ʁjœʁ

outside

bureau

m. noun

by.ʁo

office 

bus

m. noun

bys

bus

soixante-deux

card. number

swa.sɑ̃t dø

62

bibliothèque

f. noun

bi.bli.jo.tɛk

library

carte

f. noun

kaʁt

card

Notes

1

2

1 [extérieur] - “The adverb for “outside” is “dehors.” 2 [bus] – The correct translation is just “a bus,” which is an extremely common word in French. Another very common word is “ un car.” However, there is a slight difference between the two: Normally, “un bus” is reserved for public transport in the city whereas “un car” is for longer distances between cities (the equivalent of “a coach” in English).

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clair – bleu – chemise – policier pistolet – tirer – meurtre

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

clair

adjective

klɛʁ

light (color)

bleu

adjective

blø

blue

chemise

f. noun

ʃə.miz

shirt

2

policier

m. noun

po.li.sje

police officer

3

pistolet

m. noun

pis.to.lɛ

gun

4

tirer

verb

ti.ʁe

to shoot

meurtre

m. noun

mœʁtʁ

murder

1

5

1 [clair] – “Light” is translated by “clair” when we are talking about colors. For example, “light-blue” = “bleu clair.” If you want to emphasize the presence of light, you could say “lumineux/lumineuse”= “bright” or “éclairé” (translation of the participle “lighted”); “lit” = “éclairé” or “allumé” or “illuminé.” 2 [chemise] – You can use “Un chemisier” for “blouse”, and “un haut” for “a top.” 3 [policier] – The familiar/pejorative but the often used term is “les flics” = “the cops” and “un policier” = “a police officer/a policeman.” 4 [pistolet] – If you refer to a weapon, use “une arme.” 5 [meurtre] – Another common word is “un assassinat” = “assassination.”

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enseignant – école – cinquante – moitié – cent enseigner – enfant – crayon – note

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

enseignant

m. noun

ɑ̃.se.ɲɑ̃

teacher

1

école

f. noun

e.kɔl

school

2

cinquante

card. number

sɛ̃.kɑ̃t

50

moitié

f. noun

mwa.tje

half

cent

card. number

sɑ̃

100

enseigner

verb

ɑ̃.se.ɲe

to teach

enfant

m. noun

ɑ̃.fɑ̃

child

crayon

m. noun

kʁɛ.jɔ̃

pencil

note

f. noun

nɔt

note

3

1 [enseignant] – “Enseignant” is the general term (feminine: “une enseignante” /ɑ̃.sɛ.ɲɑ̃t/). A couple of more specific terms are “un maître” for elementary school and “un professeur” for middle school - college. 2 [école] – There are some more specific schools: “une école maternelle” = “preschool/kindergarten,” “une école primaire” = “elementary school,” “un collège” = “middle school,” and “un lycée” = “high school.” 3 [moitié] – “Une moitié” /mwa.ti/ is a better option. “Un demi” cannot be used in isolation; there must be another word after it - (unless if you’re in a bar and you mean…a beer). This “rule” doesn’t apply to “une moitié.”

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fille – rêve – sourire – reine – genre féminin – or – tête – riche

©2014 Michelle Czajkowski

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

fille

f. noun

fij

girl

rêve

m. noun

ʁɛv

dream

sourire

verb

su.ʁiʁ

to smile

reine

f. noun

ʁɛn

queen

genre

m. noun

ʒɑ̃ʁ

sex (gender)

féminin

adjective

feminɛ̃/feminin

female

or

m. noun

ɔʁ

gold

tête

f. noun

tɛt

head

riche

adjective

ʁiʃ

rich

Notes

1

2

3

1 [rêve] – Another less common translation is “un songe;” “A Midsummer Night’s Dream” = “Le songe d’une nuit d’été.” 2 [genre] – “Le sexe” and “le genre” are both possible although we often find “sexe” on forms. 3 [riche] – The adjective can have other meanings. If we are talking about a perfume, for example, it can be translated by “fort,” “intense,” “puissant,” or “prononcé.”

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auteur – cinquante-deux – semaine – écrire mille – page – livre

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

auteur

m. noun

o.tœʁ

author 

cinquante-deux

card. number

sɛ.̃ kɑ̃t dø

52

semaine

f. noun

sə.mɛn

week

écrire

verb

e.kʁiʁ

to write

mille

card. number

mil

1000

page

f. noun

paʒ

page

livre

m. noun

livʁ

book

Notes 1

2

1 [auteur] – Other common terms are “un écrivain” = “a writer” (author of books) and “un romancier” = “a novelist” while “un auteur” is the generic term. 2 [livre] – “Livre” can mean both “pound” and “book”

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boîte de nuit – lent – musique – écouter instrument

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

boîte de nuit

f. noun

bwat də nɥi

club

lent

adjective

lɑ̃

slow

musique

f. noun

my.zik

music

écouter

verb

e.ku.te

to listen

instrument

m. noun

ɛ̃s.tʁy.mɑ̃

instrument

Notes 1

1 [boîte de nuit] – This can also be translated as “une discothèque,” “une disco,” and less commonly, “un club.” The primary translation, “une boîte de nuit,” works well for ‘nightclub’ ( we commonly use the word “une boîte” in expressions like “aller en boîte”). However, “a club” can also refer to the place where the members of a club meet, as in a sporting club, and the word “un club” is also largely used in this sense: “un club sportif,” “un club de scrabble,” “un club du troisième âge”, etc.

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sud – ouest – endroit – cinquante et un espace – voler

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

sud

m. noun

syd

south

ouest

m. noun

wɛst

west

endroit

m. noun

ɑ̃.dʁwa

location

cinquante et un

card. number

sɛ.̃ kɑ̃t e oẽ

51

espace

m. noun

es.pas

(outer) space

voler

verb

vo.le

to fly

Notes

1

1 [endroit] – The words “un lieu” (pl. “des lieux”) and “une place” [plas] are also very common and have the same meaning. However, “une place” is more specifically used to refer to a square (flat, open space) in a town or a city.

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lundi – train – quatre-vingt-deux – est direction – pauvre – mère – travailler – grande ville

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

lundi

m. noun

lœ̃.di

Monday

train

m. noun

tʁɛ̃

train

quatre-vingt-deux

card. number

ka.trə vɛ̃ dø

82

est

m. noun

ɛst

east

direction

f. noun

di.ʁɛk.sjɔ̃

direction

pauvre

adjective

povʁ

poor

mère

f. noun

mɛʁ

mother

travailler

verb

tʁa.va.je

to work

grande ville

f. noun

gʁɑ̃d vil

city

Notes

1

1 [grande ville] – A city is “une grande ville” (a big town) compared to a “ville” (town) or a “village” (village). We consider a city to be larger than a town. See the note on “town.”

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science – magazine – cerveau – penser nucléaire – chaleur – énergie

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

science

f. noun

sjɑ̃s

science

magazine

m. noun

ma.ga.zin

magazine

cerveau

m. noun

sɛʁ.vo

brain

penser

verb

pɑ̃.se

to think

nucléaire

adjective

ny.kle.ɛʁ

nuclear

chaleur

f. noun

ʃa.lœʁ

heat

énergie

f. noun

e.nɛʁ.ʒi

energy

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quatre-vingt-onze – essence – moteur – voiture transport – conduire – pont – tourner – droite – arrêter

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

quatre-vingt-onze

card. number

ka.trə vɛ̃ ɔ̃z

91

essence

f. noun

e.sɑ̃s

gasoline

moteur

m. noun

mɔ.tœʁ

engine

voiture

f. noun

vwa.tyʁ

car

transport

m. noun

tʁɑ̃s.pɔʁ

transportation

conduire

verb

kɔ̃.dɥiʁ

to drive

pont

m. noun

pɔ̃

bridge

tourner

verb

tuʁ.ne

to turn

droite

adverb

dʁwat

right

3

arrêter

verb

a.ʁe.te

to stop

4

1

2

1 [essence] – In French, “de l’essence” refers to gas at a gas station. For example, “Je voudrais de l’essence, s’il vous plaît, “ ou “Le plein, s’il vous plaît.” In contrast, “une essence” is more equal in meaning to the same word in English. For example, “The essence of Life” or to refer to the essence of a perfume. 2 [transport] – Use the direct article with this word as in “le transport” or “les transports.” If you need to use the indefinite article “un,” you could say “un moyen de transport”(a mode of transportation). 3 [droite] – When giving directions, “on the right” = “à droite.” 4 [arrêter] – The verb “stopper” has the same meaning and is equally common.

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soixante-douze – heure – nettoyer – manteau sang – tache – cher – facture

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

soixante-douze

card. number

swa.sɑ̃t duz

72

heure

f. noun

œʁ

hour

nettoyer

verb

ne.twa.je

to clean

manteau

m. noun

mɑ̃.to

coat

sang

m. noun

sɑ̃

blood

tache

f. noun

taʃ

stain

cher

adjective

ʃɛʁ

expensive

facture

f. noun

fak.tyʁ

bill

Notes

1

1 [facture] – “L’addition” is another very common term that we use in restaurants and cafés. For example, “demander l’addition” = “to ask for the bill” or “l’addition s’il vous plaît” = “the bill please.” Another word that is used is “une note,” which we use in expressions like “une note salée” = “a stiff/expensive bill” ( word for word : a bill with salt!)

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bas – vallée – ferme – nourrir – vache – lait mélanger – fromage

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

bas

adjective

ba

down, low

vallée

f. noun

va.le

valley

ferme

f. noun

fɛʁm

farm

nourrir

verb

nu.ʁiʁ

to feed

vache

f. noun

vaʃ

cow

lait

m. noun

lɛ

milk

mélanger

verb

me.lɑ̃.ʒe

to mix / stir

fromage

m. noun

fʁo.maʒ

cheese

Notes

1

1 [mélanger] – “Mélanger” is the correct translation of “to mix,” which means to stir or shake one substance with another so that they become a single substance. “Remuer” is the translation of “to stir” and means that you move something slighty. “Mixer” means the same as “mélanger,” but it may suppose the use of an appliance such as a food mixer, for example.

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nous – quatrième – juillet – entendre exploser – rouge

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

nous

pronoun

nu

we

quatrième

ord. number

ka.tʁi.jɛm

4th

juillet

m. noun

ʒɥi.je

July

entendre

verb

ɑ̃.tɑ̃dʁ

to hear

exploser

verb

ɛk.splo.ze

explode

rouge

adjective

ʁuʒ

red

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mari – visage – barbe – dix mille court – noir – cheveux

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

French Word

Part of Speech (and gender)

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

mari

m. noun

ma.ʁi

husband 

visage

m. noun

vi.zaʒ

face

barbe

f. noun

baʁb

beard

dix mille

card. number

di mil

10000

court

adjective

kuʁ

short (vs long)

noir

adjective

nwaʁ

black

cheveux

m. noun

ʃə.vø

hair

Notes

1

1 [cheveux] – Always use the plural form when describing someone’s hair. For example, “She has brown hair.” It’s only used in the singular when describing a single strand of hair.

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lèvre – dent – parler – consonne – son

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

lèvre

f. noun

lɛvʁ

lip

dent

f. noun

dɑ̃

tooth

1

parler

verb

paʁ.le

to speak / say

2

consonne

f. noun

kɔ̃.sɔn

consonant

son

m. noun

sɔ̃

sound

1 [dent] – Teeth being plural, the correct translation is “les dents;” “une dent” = “a tooth.” 2 [parler] – “To speak” = “parler.” For example, “Do you speak English?” = “Parlez-vous anglais?” “To say” = “dire” as in “My friend says ‘Hello’.’ = “Mon ami dit ‘bonjour’.”

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quatorze – quatre-vingt-douze – trouver – pays profond – océan – vague – non – carte – bord – monde

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

French Word

Part of Speech (and gender)

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

quatorze

card. number

ka.tɔʁz

14 

quatre-vingt-douze

card. number

ka.trə vɛ̃ duz

92

trouver

verb

tʁu.ve

find

pays

m. noun

pe.i

country

profond

adjective

pʁo.fɔ̃

deep

océan

m. noun

o.se.ɑ̃

ocean

vague

f. noun

vaɡ

wave

non

adverb

nɔ̃

no

carte

f. noun

kaʁt

map

bord

m. noun

bɔʁ

edge

monde

m. noun

mɔ̃d

world

Notes

1

1 [carte] – “Une carte” is the translation that is used for maps of countries, states, or the Earth. When referring to a city or subway map (or a course or something similar), use “un plan.” Carte can also mean “card”, as seen on p.62.

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goûter – sel – huile – porc – pomme

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

French Word

Part of Speech (and gender)

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

goûter

verb

gu.te

to taste

sel

m. noun

sɛl

salt

huile

f. noun

ɥil

oil

porc

m. noun

pɔʁ

pork

pomme

f. noun

pɔm

apple

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soixante et un – rue – coin – église – prêtre se marier

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

soixante et un

card. number

swa.sɑ̃t e oẽ

61

rue

f. noun

ʁy

street

coin

m. noun

kwɛ̃

corner

église

f. noun

e.ɡliz

church 

prêtre

m. noun

pʁɛtʁ

priest

1

se marier

verb

ma.ʁje

to marry

2

1 [prêtre] – Use “un curé” when you refer to a parish priest. 2 [se marier] – “Épouser” is another very common verb. For example, “Elle a épousé son conjoint il y a deux ans.” = “She married her husband two years ago.” We can also use “prendre pour époux/épouse” = “to take for husband/wife.”

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grand-père – chapeau – costume – faible genou – prier – Dieu – paix

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

grand-père

m. noun

ɡʁɑ̃.pɛʁ

grandfather

chapeau

m. noun

ʃa.po

hat

costume

m. noun

kos.tym

suit

faible

adjective

fɛbl

weak

genou

m. noun

ʒə.nu

knee

prier

verb

pʁi.je

to pray

Dieu

m. noun

djø

God

paix

f. noun

pɛ

peace

1 [genou] – (pl. “les genoux”)

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journal – reporter – attaque – armée – métal navire – brûler – dix-neuf – quarante et un – guerre

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

journal

m. noun

ʒuʁ.nal

newspaper 

reporter

m. noun

ʁə.pɔʁ.tɛʁ

reporter

attaque

f. noun

a.tak

attack

armée

f. noun

aʁ.me

army

métal

m. noun

me.tal

metal

navire

m. noun

na.viʁ

ship

brûler

verb

bʁy.le

to burn

dix-neuf

card. number

diz noef

19

quarante et un

card. number

ka.ʁɑ̃t e oẽ

41

guerre

f. noun

ɡɛʁ

war

Notes

1

2

1 [reporter] – Use “un reporter” when you refer to a reporter. The word “un journaliste” also exists and is very common but it’s the translation of the word “journalist” not “reporter.” 2 [armée] – We commonly say “l’armée.”

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argent – matière – ordinateur portable – fermer

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

French Word

Part of Speech (and gender)

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

argent

m. noun

aʁ.ʒɑ̃

silver

matière

f. noun

ma.tjɛʁ

material

ordinateur portable

m. noun

ɔʀ.di.na.toeʀ pɔʀ.tabl

laptop

fermer

verb

fɛʁ.me

to close

1 [argent] “Argent” can mean both “silver” and “money” 2 [ordinateur portable] – You can say either “un ordinateur portable” or “laptop.”

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mai – cinquième – graine – grandir rose – fleur – couper

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

mai

m. noun

mɛ

May

cinquième

ord. number

sɛ.̃ kjɛm

5th

graine

f. noun

ɡʁɛn

seed

1

grandir

verb

ɡʁɑ̃.diʁ

to grow

2

rose

adjective

ʁoz

pink

fleur

f. noun

flœʁ

flower

couper

verb

ku.pe

to cut

1 [graine] – The word also exists in masculine “des grains.” You can also use the feminine word, “les semences.” 2 [grandir] – The translation can change depending on the context. Use the verb “pousser” when you talk about plants. The verbs “croître” or “(s’)accroître” are also possible. For example, “La population s’accroît rapidement.” = “The population grows rapidly.” Finally, the verb can also be translated by “augmenter” or “(se) développer” in particular if we are talking about business, such as “Notre entreprise s’est développée rapidement cette année.” = “Notre entreprise a connu une expansion rapide cette année.” All of these verbs are common (“croître”) or very common (“augmenter”, “se développer”, “pousser”, “grandir”).

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automne – saison – septembre – camp fille – se réveiller – mou – herbe – orteil

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

automne

m. noun

o.tɔn

fall

saison

f. noun

season

septembre

m. noun

sɛ.zɔ̃ sɛp.tɑ̃bʁ

camp

m. noun

camp

fille

f. noun

kɑ̃ fij

se réveiller

verb

sø ʁe.ve.je

to wake

mou

adjective

mu

soft

2

herbe

f. noun

ɛʁb

grass

3

orteil

m. noun

ɔʁ.tɛj

toe

4

September 1

daughter

1 [camp] – “Un camp” or “un campement” are two very common, synonymous terms. “Une colonie de vacances” only refers to a holiday camp for kids . We find the word “camp” or “campement” in “camp de concentration,” “campement de réfugiés,” “camp de naturistes,” “camp militaire” for example. 2 [mou] – Several meanings are possible, but the main two are “mou” (feminine: “molle”) or “moelleux” (feminine: “moelleuse”). For example, if we are talking about a bed, a soft bed = “un lit moelleux” or “ un lit douillet.” Another main meaning is “doux” (feminine: “douce”) such as in “soft music” = “une musique douce.” “Soft” can also be translated by “tendre” if we are talking about a person, but “a soft drink” = “une boisson gazeuse” or “un soda.” 3 [herbe] – “Le gazon” and “la pelouse”= “lawn” 4 [orteil] – We often use the term “les doigts de pieds,” which is of course a less scientific term, but very commonly used. We also often use the plural.

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clé – appartement – porte – cent onze ils – habiter

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

clé

f. noun

kle

key

appartement

m. noun

a.paʁ.tə.mɑ̃

apartment

porte

f. noun

pɔʁt

door

cent onze

card. number

sɑ̃ ɔz̃

111

ils

pronoun

il

they

habiter

verb

a.bi.te

to live

1 [clé] – “Une clé” and “une clef” are both correct spellings. 2 [ils] – The feminine form is “elles” /ɛl/.

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toit – vieux – malade – grand-mère – laver savon – propre

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

toit

m. noun

twa

roof

vieux

adjective

vjø

old (young)

malade

adjective

ma.lad

sick

grand-mère

f. noun

ɡʁɑ̃ mɛʁ

grandmother

laver

verb

la.ve

to wash

savon

m. noun

sa.vɔ̃

soap

2

propre

adjective

pʁɔpʁ

clean

3

1

1 [vieux] – Use the expression “une personne âgée” when referring to an elderly person. The feminine form of “vieux” is “vieille” 2 [savon] – “Savon” is the generic term, which can be in liquid or in powder form. “Une savonnette” is also used and refers to the small solid cube we use in a bathroom. 3 [propre] – “net / nette” = “neat.” When speaking and using the familiar register, we say “C’est clean!” = “It’s clean!”

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célèbre – groupe musical – haut – radio chanson – cent mille – personne – foule – danser

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

célèbre

adjective

se.lɛbʁ

famous

1

groupe musical

m. noun

ɡʁup my.zi.kal

band

2

haut

adverb

o

top

3

radio

f. noun

ʁa.djo

radio

chanson

f. noun

ʃɑ̃.sɔ̃

song

cent mille

card. number

sɑ̃ mil

100,000

personne

f. noun

pɛʁ.sɔn

person

foule

f. noun

ful

crowd

danser

verb

dɑ̃.se

to dance

4

1 [célèbre] – “Connu” is another well-known option. 2 [groupe musical] – “Band” refers to “un groupe musical,” but the term could also refer to a group of people who have joined together because they share a common interest or beliefs; it could be “une bande de clowns” or “une bande d’acrobates, de jongleurs (jugglers),” etc. 3 [haut] – Since the top is the summit, we must be precise when using “tout en haut.” “Top” is a word that we have adopted in the French language. e.g. “être au top” = “to be at one’s best.” Haut can mean both “top” and “high” 4 [foule] – “La cohue” is also a common word and refers to a crowd that is agitated; we often say, “C’est la cohue!” = “It’s a crush!” but use “la populace” (populace) in the familiar register.

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il – méchant – tuer – fils – couteau – enfer feu – religion

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

il

pronoun

il

he

méchant

adjective

me.ʃɑ̃

mean

tuer

verb

tɥe

to kill

fils

m. noun

fis

son

couteau

m. noun

ku.to

knife

enfer

m. noun

ɑ̃.fɛʁ

hell

feu

m. noun

fø

fire

religion

f. noun

ʁə.li.ʒjɔ̃

religion

Notes

1

2

1 [méchant] – The first translation possible is “méchant” (unkind, malicious). For example, “That was a mean thing you did.” = “Ce que tu as fait était vraiment méchant.” Another possible translation is “avare” or “radin” (stingy, miserly). For example, “Scrooge is a mean character” = “Scrooge est un personnage avare.” A third “mean” can also be translated by “moyen” (feminine: “moyenne”) = (average). e.g. “The mean score on the test was 70%.” = “Le résultat moyen au test a été de 70%.” There are still other possible meanings such as “simple.” e.g. “My grandmother was just a mean factory worker.” = “Ma grand-mère n’était qu’une simple ouvrière.” There’s also “bas” (feminine: “basse”) such as in, “His motives are mean and vile.” = “Ses motivations sont basses et viles.” In other sentences, “mean” can be translated by “malveillant” (malevolent), but we use “élimé” (shabby) if we are talking about clothing for example; we can also use “super,” “sacré,” or “d’enfer” when we use the word in a familiar register. 2 [enfer] – “C’est l’enfer!” = “It’s hell!”

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soixante-onze – victime – poison – thé mourir

©2014 Andrea Tsurumi

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

soixante-onze

card. number

swa.sɑ̃t e ɔz̃

71

victime

f. noun

vik.tim

victim

poison

m. noun

pwa.zɔ̃

poison

thé

m. noun

te

tea

mourir

verb

mu.ʁiʁ

to die

1 [poison] – Another option is “le venin” = “venom.”

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patient – blessure – casser – bras – os hôpital – salle – quarante-deux

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

patient

m. noun

pa.sjɑ̃

patient

blessure

f. noun

ble.syʀ

injury

1

casser

verb

ka.se

to break

2

bras

m. noun

bʁɑ

arm

os

m. noun

ɔs

bone

hôpital

m. noun

o.pi.tal

hospital

3

salle

f. noun

sal

room

4

quarante-deux

card. number

ka.ʁɑ̃t dø

42

1 [blessure] – Use”blessure”/blesyʀ/ when referring to an injury to a person’s body or to their feelings. “Un dommage” (prejudice) is also possible. 2 [casser] – Use “casser,” which is the most common verb. The verb “rompre” is also widely used. 3 [hôpital] – “Un hôpital” designates a public establishment while “une clinique” refers to a private one. 4 [salle] – There are two or three very common words in French for this concept. The first possible translation is “une salle” as in the following cases: “bathroom” = “salle de bain;” “dining-room” = “salle à manger;” “living-room” = “salle de séjour;” “classroom = salle de classe.” However, if we talk about a bedroom, we use the other very common word, “une chambre.” Therefore, if you go to a hotel, you would ask for “une chambre” ; “hotel room” = “chambre d’hôtel;” “student room” = “chambre d’étudiant;” “guestroom/spare room” = “chambre d’amis.” The third option is “une pièce,” which is a generic term for any room, so a bedroom is “une pièce,” a bathroom is “une pièce,” a kitchen is “une pièce,” an office is “une pièce,” and so on.

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plier – langue – ouvrir – bouche voyelle

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

plier

verb

pli.je

to bend

langue

f. noun

lɑ̃ɡ

tongue

ouvrir

verb

u.vʁiʁ

to open

bouche

f. noun

buʃ

mouth

voyelle

f. noun

vwa.jɛl

vowel

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cent dix – livre – léger – soldat – brun poussière – pattern – tee-shirt

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

French Word

Part of Speech (and gender)

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

cent dix

card. number

sɑ̃ dis

110

livre

f. noun

livʁ

pound

léger

adjective

le.ʒe

light (heavy)

soldat

m. noun

sɔl.da

soldier

brun

adjective

bʁœ̃

brown

poussière

f. noun

pu.sjɛʁ

dust

pattern

m. noun

pa.tɛʁn

pattern

2

tee-shirt

m. noun

ti.ʃœʁt

t-shirt

3

1

1 [livre] – France uses the metric system. The translation is correct, but this unit of measurement is simply not commonly used in France. “Livre” can mean both “pound” and “book” 2 [pattern] – In French, “modèle” is the cut or the shape of the clothes, whereas “pattern” is the pattern on the clothes. In the example “a short, vichy (checkered) dress” = “une robe courte en vichy”, vichy is the “pattern” and short dress is the “modèle.” 3 [tee-shirt] – Both options are correct: T-shirt or tee-shirt.

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père – regarder – trente-deux – pouce télévision – large – écran – boire – frais – boisson

©2014 Sandra Salsbury

Part of Speech (and gender)

French Word

Pronunciation in IPA

English Translation

Notes

père

m. noun

pɛʁ

father

regarder

verb

ʁə.ɡaʁ.de

to watch

trente-deux

card. number

tʁɑ̃t dø

32

pouce

m. noun

pus

inch

1

télévision

f. noun

te.le.vi.zjɔ̃

 television

2

large

adjective

laʁʒ

wide

écran

m. noun

e.kʁɑ̃

screen

boire

verb

bwaːʁ

to drink

frais

adjective

fʁɛ

cool

boisson

f. noun

bwa.sɔ̃

beverage

3

1 [pouce] – France uses the metric system. The translation is correct, but this unit of measurement is simply not commonly used in France. 2 [télévision] – The informal “une télé” is a very common and frequently used diminutive. 3 [frais] – The feminine form is “fraîche.”

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Index 1: Your First 625 (in Thematic Order, with notes and page numbers) Key: Category words (i.e. ‘animal’) are designated with a little superscript C (Like thisC). Learn these words word by using 2-3 other pictures/words on your flashcards (i.e. ‘animal = dog, cat, fish...’). Check out the “Special Scenarios” section of the 2nd Gallery to see an example.

tire - pneu [21], gasoline - essence [71], engine - moteur [71], ticket - billet [54], transportation - transport C [71] Location: big city - grande ville [69], house maison [57], apartment - appartement [85], street - rue [79], airport - aéroport [54], train station - gare [43], bridge - pont [71], hotel - hôtel [27], restaurant - restaurant [33], farm - ferme [73], court - palais de justice [28], school - école [64], office  - bureau [62], room - salle [90], town - ville [16], university - université [60], club - boîte de nuit [67], bar - bar [60], park - parc [7], camp - camp [84], store/shop - magasin [18], theater - théâtre [14], library - bibliothèque [62], hospital - hôpital [90], church  - église [79], market - marché [51], country - pays [77], building - bâtiment [46], ground - terre [21], (outer) space - espace [68], bank - banque [32], location - endroit C [68]

Easily Confounded Images (i.e., ‘girl’ looks like ‘daughter’) are designated with an asterisk (Like this*). These are groups of words that will use very similar images (girl/daughter, marriage/wedding). Learn these words by adding a personal touch (i.e., the name of a ‘daughter’ you might know) or an additional word or two in your target language (i.e., daughter might go with mother/father). Again, see the “Special Scenarios” section of the 2nd Gallery for examples. Animal: dog - chien [7], cat - chat [31], fish poisson [40], bird - oiseau [45], cow - vache [73], pig - cochon [24], mouse - souris [31], horse - cheval [37], wing - aile [45], animal animal C [37]

Clothing: hat - chapeau [80], dress - robe [35], suit - costume [80], skirt - jupe [12], (dress) shirt - chemise [63], t-shirt - tee-shirt [92], pants - pantalon [18], shoe - chaussure [34], pocket - poche [18], coat - manteau [72], stain - tache [72], clothing - habillement [18]

Transportation Related: train - train [69], plane - avion [54], car - voiture [71], truck - camion [21], bike - vélo [17], bus - bus [62], boat - bateau [25], ship - navire [81],

Color: red - rouge [74], green - vert [48], blue - bleu [63], yellow - jaune [45], brown

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- brun [92], pink - rose [83], orange - orange [57], black - noir [75], white - blanc [5], gray gris [16], color - couleur C [61]

(ethnicity) - race [61], sex (the act) - relations sexuelles [10], sex (gender) - genre [65], murder - meurtre [63], prison - prison [43], technology - technologie [41], energy énergie [70], war - guerre [81], peace - paix [80],  attack - attaque [81], election - élection [59], magazine - magazine [70], newspaper  - journal [81],   poison - poison [89], gun - pistolet [63], sport - sport [11], course - course [58], exercise - exercice [11], ball ballon [36], game - jeu [48], price - prix [18], contract - contrat [28], drug - drogue [43], sign - panneau [18], science - science [70], God - Dieu [80]

People: son - fils* [88], daughter - fille* [84], mother - mère [69], father - père [93], parents - parents [13], baby - bébé [13], man - homme [32], woman - femme [12], brother - frère* [58], sister  - sœur* [56], family famille [25], grandfather - grand-père [80], grandmother - grand-mère [86], husband  mari* [75], wife - femme* [35], king - roi [14], queen - reine [65], president - président [59], neighbor - voisin [57], boy - garçon [50], girl - fille [65], child - enfant [64], adult - adulte [43], human - humain [61], friend - ami [55],   victim - victime [89], player - joueur [36], fan (sports) - supporter [36], crowd foule [87], person - personne C [87]

Art: band - groupe musical [87], song chanson [87], instrument - instrument [67], music - musique [67], movie - film [49], art - art [47]

Job: teacher - enseignant [64], student étudiant [60], lawyer - avocat [28], doctor médecin [30], patient - patient [90], waiter serveur [6], secretary - secrétaire [62], priest - prêtre [79], police - policier [63],   army - armée [81], soldier - soldat [92], artist artiste [26], author  - auteur [66], manager - chef [32], reporter - reporter [81], actor acteur [49], job - emploi C [32]

Beverages: coffee - café [38],  tea - thé [89], wine - vin [33], beer - bière [60], juice - jus [42], water - eau [56], milk - lait [73], beverage - boisson C [93] Food Related: egg - œuf [42], cheese fromage [73], bread - pain [51], soup - soupe [33], cake - gâteau [50], chicken - poulet [33], pork - porc [78], beef - bœuf [51], apple - pomme [78], banana - banane [51], orange - orange [42], lemon - citron [50], corn maïs [24], rice - riz [35], oil - huile [78],  seed - graine [83], knife - couteau [88], spoon - cuillère [33], fork - fourchette [50], plate assiette [50], cup - tasse [42], breakfast - petit déjeuner [42], lunch - déjeuner [51], dinner -

Society: religion - religion [88], heaven paradis [23], hell - enfer [88], death - mort [46], medicine - médicament [30], money argent [17], dollar - dollar [28], bill - facture [72], marriage - mariage* [10], wedding - noces* [35], team - équipe [36], race

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dîner [33], sugar - sucre [50], salt - sel [78], bottle - bouteille [60], food - nourriture C [51]

[6], toe - orteil [84], finger - doigt [41], foot pied [36], hand - main [49], leg - jambe [24], arm - bras [90], shoulder - épaule [52], heart - cœur [30], blood - sang [72], brain - cerveau [70], knee - genou [80], sweat - sueur [44], disease - maladie [30], bone - os [90], voice - voix [28], skin - peau [61], body - corps [10]

Home Related: table - table [33], chair chaise [33], bed - lit [27], dream - rêve [65], window - fenêtre [39], door - porte [85], bedroom - chambre [53], kitchen - cuisine [42], bathroom - salle de bains [39], pencil - crayon [64], pen - stylo [47], photograph - photo [25], soap - savon [86],  book - livre [66], page - page [66], key - clé [85], paint peinture [57], letter - lettre [32], note - note [64], wall - mur [47], paper - papier [32], floor - sol [46], ceiling - plafond [53], roof - toit [86], pool - piscine [44], lock - serrure [29], telephone - téléphone [13], garden - jardin [39], yard - jardin [48], needle - aiguille [30], bag - sac [52], box - boîte [37], gift - cadeau [17], card - carte [62], ring - bague [12], tool outil [26], home - maison [29]

Nature Related: sea - mer* [25], ocean océan* [77], river - rivière [8], mountain - montagne [19], rain - pluie [16], snow  neige [34], tree - arbre [45],  sun - soleil [38], moon - lune [5], world - monde [77], earth - terre [5], forest - forêt [34], sky - ciel [5], plant - plante [24], wind - vent [34], soil - sol [24], flower - fleur [83], valley  - vallée [73], root - racine [45],  lake - lac [56], star - étoile [5], grass - herbe [84], leaf - feuille [34], air air [53], sand - sable [23], beach - plage [23], wave - vague [77], fire - feu [88], ice - glace [8], island - île [23], hill - colline [58], heat chaleur [70], nature - nature C [45]

Electronics: clock - horloge [38], lamp lampe [26], fan (appliance) - ventilateur [53], cell phone - portable [55], network - réseau [55], computer - ordinateur [41], program (computer) - programme [41], laptop ordinateur portatif [82], screen - écran [93], camera - appareil photo [25],   television télévision [93], radio - radio [87]

Materials: glass - verre [25], metal - métal [81], plastic - plastique [27], wood - bois [45], stone - pierre [19], diamond - diamant [35], clay - argile [26], dust - poussière [92], gold - or [65], copper - cuivre [26], silver - argent [82], material - matière C [82]

Body Related: head - tête [65], neck - cou [10], face - visage [75], beard - barbe [75], hair - cheveux [75], eye - œil [39], mouth - guele* [91], lip - lèvre* [76], nose - nez [38], tooth dent [76], ear - oreille [12], tear (drop) - larme [13], tongue - langue [91], back (body) - dos

Math: meter  - mètre [57], centimeter centimètre [26], kilogram - kilogramme [40], inch - pouce [93], foot - pied [12], pound- - livre [92], half - moitié [64], circle cercle [22], square - carré [57], temperature - température [44], date - date [34], weight

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Numbers: 0 - zéro [22], 1 - un [5], 2 - deux [36], 3 - trois [31], 4 - quatre [24], 5 - cinq [12], 6 - six [40], 7 - sept [27], 8 - huit [33], 9 - neuf [38], 10 - dix [41], 11 - onze [29], 12 - douze [43], 13 - treize [46], 14  - quatorze [77], 15 - quinze [29], 16  - seize [53], 17 - dix-sept [50], 18 - dix-huit [48], 19 - dix-neuf [81], 20 - vingt [8], 21 - vingt et un [60], 22 - vingtdeux [36], 30 - trente [26], 31 - trente et un [34], 32 - trente-deux [93], 40 - quarante [38], 41 - quarante et un [81], 42 - quarante-deux [90],   50 - cinquante [64], 51 - cinquante et un [68], 52 - cinquante-deux [66], 60 soixante [58], 61 - soixante et un [79], 62 soixante-deux [62], 70  - soixante-dix [19], 71 - soixante-onze [89], 72 - soixante-douze [72], 80 - quatre-vingts [18], 81 - quatrevingt-un [57], 82 - quatre-vingt-deux [69], 90 - quatre-vingt-dix [55], 91 - quatre-vingtonze [71], 92 - quatre-vingt-douze [77], 100 - cent [64], 101 - cent un [7], 102 - cent deux [44], 110 - cent dix [92], 111 - cent onze [85], 1000 - mille [66], 1001 - mille un [14], 10000 - dix mille [75], 100000 - cent mille [87], million - million [19], billion - milliard [28], 1st - premier [11], 2nd - deuxième [16], 3rd - troisième [59], 4th - quatrième [74], 5th cinquième [83], number - nombre C [22] Note: If you search for a number (one, two, three), you’ll find pictures of objects (1 apple, 2 monkeys, etc.). This usually works until 10. Then search for the digits (10, 11, 12). You’ll find colorful numerals, address signs, etc. Use these images (picture of hotel room #33) instead of text (#33); these

- poids [21], edge - bord [77], corner - coin [79] Misc Nouns: map - carte [77], dot - point [5], consonant - consonne [76], vowel - voyelle [91], light (noun) - lumière [38], sound son [76], yes - oui [32], no - non [77], piece - morceau [50], pain - douleur [6],   injury blessure [90], hole - trou [48], image - image [47], pattern - pattern [92], noun - nomC [15], verb - verbeC [9], adjective - adjectif C [20] Note: Use Noun, Verb, & Adjective as labels to help distinguish between very similarlooking words (i.e., to die (verb), death (noun), dead (adjective)) Directions: top - haut [87], bottom - bas [25], side - côté [52], front - devant [39], back (direction) - derrière [54], outside - extérieur [62], inside - intérieur [54], up - haut [5], down - bas [25], left - gauche [52], right droite [71], straight - tout droit [54], north - nord [16], south - sud [68], east - est [69], west - ouest [68], direction - direction C [69] Note: You may not find all of these in your glossary, and you may have trouble finding pictures even if you do. That’s fine. Skip them for now, or use my collection of images for directions and prepositions at Fluent-Forever. com/Appendix5 Seasons: summer - été [44], spring printemps [8], winter - hiver [16], fall automne [84], season - saison C [84]

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pictures easier to remember and they don’t get mixed up as easily.

(minuto). Don’t worry about plural forms (you don’t need the word for “minutes” yet)

Months: January - janvier [11], February - février [16], March - mars [8], April - avril [50], May - mai [83], June - juin [23],   july juillet [74], August - août [44], September - septembre [84], October - octobre [36], November - novembre [59], December décembre [34] Note: You’ll usually find pictures of holidays and weather. Add in the number of each month (#1-12) to get more specific.

Verbs: work - travailler [69], play - jouer [48], walk - marcher [16], run - courir [58], drive conduire [71], fly - voler [68], swim - nager [56], go - aller* [34], stop - arrêter [71], follow - suivre [31], think - penser [70], speak/say parler [76], eat - manger [24], drink - boire [93], kill - tuer [88], die - mourir [89], smile - sourire [65], laugh - rire [55], cry - pleurer [13], buy - acheter* [17], pay - payer* [43], sell - vendre* [18], shoot - tirer [63], learn apprendre [41], jump - sauter [7], smell - sentir [38], hear  - entendre* [74], listen - écouter [67]*, taste - goûter [78], touch - toucher [10], see - voir [39], watch - regarder [93], kiss - embrasser [10],  burn - brûler [81], melt - fondre [8], dig - creuser [24], explode - exploser [74], sit - s’asseoir [25], stand - se lever [6], love - aimer [14],  pass by - passer [46], cut - couper [83], fight - lutter [61],  lie down - s’étendre [53], dance - danser [87], sleep - dormir [29], wake - se réveiller [84], sing chanter [45], count - compter [7],  marry - se marier [79], pray - prier [80], win - gagner [59], lose - perdre [48], mix/stir - mélanger [73], bend - plier [91], wash - laver [86], cook - cuisiner [42], open - ouvrir [91], close - fermer [82],   write - écrire [66], call - appeler [55], turn - tourner [71],   build - construire [57], teach - enseigner [64], grow - grandir [83], draw - dessiner [47], feed - nourrir [73], catch - attraper [40], throw - jeter [35], clean - nettoyer [72],  find - trouver [77], fall - tomber [19], push - pousser [30], pull - tirer

Days: Monday - lundi [69], Tuesday - mardi [59], Wednesday - mercredi [51], Thursday jeudi [36], Friday - vendredi [6], Saturday  samedi [60], Sunday - dimanche [35] Note: You’ll usually find pictures of people going to work on Mondays and partying on Fridays/Saturdays, etc. To get more specific, use an image of a weekly calendar with weekends greyed out and indicate which day you want. I have an English-free one at Fluent-Forever.com/Appendix5. Time Related: year - année [19], month mois [43], week - semaine [66], day - jour [27], hour - heure [72], minute - minute [55], second - seconde [58], morning - matin [38], afternoon - après-midi [53], evening  - soir [29], night - nuit [14], time - temps C [53] Note: You’ll find pictures of clocks and calendars. If needed, define each time division in terms of another time division, i.e. 60 x minuto = 1 ___ (ora), 1 ora = 60 x ____

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[37], carry - porter [21], break - casser [90], wear - porter [12], hang - pendre [47], shake - secouer [34], sign - signer [28], beat/hit battre [37], lift - lever [52], live - habiter [85] Note: For verbs, you’ll probably need to learn your language’s word for “verb” and add it to any verb that could masquerade as a noun (to kiss vs a kiss). I give you guidelines for this in the “Special Scenarios” section of the Gallery.

(color) - clair [63], nuclear - nucléaire [70], famous - célèbre [87] Note: For a few of these adjectives, you may need to learn your language’s word for “adjective” and add it in cases of ambiguity (i.e., to clean vs a clean room). Subject Pronouns: I - je [42], you (singular) - tu [41], he - il [88], she - elle [53], it - il/elle [17], we - nous [74], you (plural) - vous [33], they - ils [85] Note: The main goal of including some pronouns now is to give you a few words to refer to yourself or someone else. We’ve tried to include some footnotes helping to explain the pronouns you have available, but you’ll get a more in-depth discussion of them in your grammar book. Note that you don’t yet need him, her, his, their, etc. It’s generally best to get to those later, once you’re done with the 625 and are ready for some grammar. How do you learn these without translations? Use pictures of people pointing at themselves/each other. I have a collection of these at Fluent-Forever.com/Appendix5 if your Google Image searches don’t turn up anything good. Use these images, and if your language, has different sorts of pronouns for different sorts of relationships (i.e., friends vs acquaintances), then take a few minutes to think of some people you’d use these pronouns with. Use their names on your flashcards.

Adjectives: long - long [18], short (vs long) court [75], tall - grand [26], short - petit [12], wide - large [93], narrow - étroit [33], large/ big - grand [49], small/little - petit [35], slow - lent [67], fast - rapide [58], hot - chaud [44], cold - froid [16], warm - chaud [23], cool - frais [93], new - nouveau [11], old (new) ancien [19], young - jeune [7], old (young) vieux [86], good - bon [42], bad - mal [60], wet - mouillé [16], dry - sec [44], sick - malade [86], healthy - sain [11], loud - bruyant [13], quiet - calme [28], happy - heureux [32], sad - triste [61], beautiful - beau [26], ugly - laid [40], deaf - sourd [13], blind - aveugle [31], nice - sympathique [62], mean - méchant [88], rich - riche [65], poor - pauvre [69], thick - épais [45], thin - mince [34], expensive - cher [72], cheap - bon marché [27], flat - plat [40], curved - courbé [22], male - mâle [49], female - féminin [65], tight - serré [12], loose - desserré [18], high - haut [58], low bas [73], soft - mou [84], hard - dur [19], deep - profond [77], shallow - peu profond [8], clean - propre [86], dirty - sale [24],  strong fort [37], weak - faible [80], dead - mort [19], alive - vivant [30], heavy - lourd [37], light (heavy) - léger [92], dark - sombre [14], light

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Index 2: Your First 625 (in Alphabetical Order, English - French) 0 - zéro [22] 1 - un [5] 2 - deux [36] 3 - trois [31] 4 - quatre [24] 5 - cinq [12] 6 - six [40] 7 - sept [27] 8 - huit [33] 9 - neuf [38] 10 - dix [41] 11 - onze [29] 12 - douze [43] 13 - treize [46] 14  - quatorze [77] 15 - quinze [29] 16  - seize [53] 17 - dix-sept [50] 18 - dix-huit [48] 19 - dix-neuf [81] 20 - vingt [8] 21 - vingt et un [60] 22 - vingt-deux [36] 30 - trente [26] 31 - trente et un [34] 32 - trente-deux [93] 40 - quarante [38] 41 - quarante et un [81] 42 - quarante-deux [90] 50 - cinquante [64] 51 - cinquante et un [68] 52 - cinquante-deux [66] 60 - soixante [58] 61 - soixante et un [79] 62 - soixante-deux [62] 70  - soixante-dix [19] 71 - soixante-onze [89] 72 - soixante-douze [72] 80 - quatre-vingts [18] 81 - quatre-vingt-un [57] 82 - quatre-vingt-deux [69] 90 - quatre-vingt-dix [55] 91 - quatre-vingt-onze [71]

92 - quatre-vingt-douze [77] 100 - cent [64] 101 - cent un [7] 102 - cent deux [44] 110 - cent dix [92] 111 - cent onze [85] 1000 - mille [66] 1001 - mille un [14] 10000 - dix mille [75] 100000 - cent mille [87] 1st - premier [11] 2nd - deuxième [16] 3rd - troisième [59] 4th - quatrième [74] 5th - cinquième [83] actor - acteur [49] adjective - adjectif [20] adult - adulte [43] afternoon - après-midi [53] air - air [53] airport - aéroport [54] alive - vivant [30] animal - animal [37] apartment - appartement [85] apple - pomme [78] april - avril [50] arm - bras [90] army - armée [81] art - art [47] artist - artiste [26] attack - attaque [81] august - août [44] author  - auteur [66] baby - bébé [13] back (body) - dos [6] back (direction) - derrière [54] bad - mal [60] bag - sac [52] ball - ballon [36] banana - banane [51]

band - groupe musical [87] bank - banque [32] bar - bar [60] bathroom - salle de bains [39] beach - plage [23] beard - barbe [75] beat/hit - battre [37] beautiful - beau [26] bed - lit [27] bedroom - chambre [53] beef - boeuf [51] beer - bière [60] bend - plier [91] beverage - boisson [93] bike - vélo [17] bill - facture [72] billion - milliard [28] bird - oiseau [45] black - noir [75] blind - aveugle [31] blood - sang [72] blue - bleu [63] boat - bateau [25] body - corps [10] bone - os [90] book - livre [66] bottle - bouteille [60] bottom - bas [25] box - boîte [37] boy - garçon [50] brain - cerveau [70] bread - pain [51] break - casser [90] breakfast - petit déjeuner [42] bridge - pont [71] brother - frère [58] brown - brun [92] build - construire [57] building - bâtiment [46] burn - brûler [81] bus - bus [62] buy - acheter [17]

100

cake - gâteau [50] call - appeler [55] camera - appareil photo [25] camp - camp [84] car - voiture [71] card - carte [62] carry - porter [21] cat - chat [31] catch - attraper [40] ceiling - plafond [53] cell phone - portable [55] centimeter - centimètre [26] chair - chaise [33] cheap - bon marché [27] cheese - fromage [73] chicken - poulet [33] child - enfant [64] church  - église [79] circle - cercle [22] city - grande ville [69] clay - argile [26] clean - nettoyer [72] clean - propre [86] clock - horloge [38] close - fermer [82] clothing - habillement [18] club - boîte de nuit [67] coat - manteau [72] coffee - café [38] cold - froid [16] color - une couleur [61] computer - ordinateur [41] consonant - consonne [76] contract - contrat [28] cook - cuisiner [42] cool - frais [93] copper - cuivre [26] corn - maïs [24] corner - coin [79]

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count - compter [7]

country - pays [77] course - course [58] court - palais de justice [28] cow - vache [73] crowd - foule [87] cry - pleurer [13] cup - tasse [42] curved - courbé [22] cut - couper [83] dance - danser [87] dark - sombre [14] date - date [34] daughter - fille [84] day - jour [27] dead - mort [19] deaf - sourd [13] death - mort [46] december - décembre [34] deep - profond [77] diamond - diamant [35] die - mourir [89] dig - creuser [24] dinner - dîner [33] direction - direction [69] dirty - sale [24] disease - maladie [30] doctor - médecin [30] dog - chien [7] dollar - dollar [28] door - porte [85] dot - point [5] down - bas [25] draw - dessiner [47] dream - rêve [65] dress - robe [35] drink - boire [93] drive - conduire [71] drug - drogue [43] dry - sec [44] dust - poussière [92] ear - oreille [12] earth - terre [5] east - est [69] eat - manger [24] edge - bord [77] egg - œuf [42]

election - élection [59] energy - énergie [70] engine - moteur [71] evening  - soir [29] exercise - exercise [11] expensive - cher [72] explode - exploser [74] eye - œil [39] face - visage [75] fall - automne [84] fall - tomber [19] family - famille [25] famous - célèbre [87] fan(appliance) - ventilateur [53] fan(sports) - supporter [36] farm - ferme [73] fast - rapide [58] father - père [93] february - février [16] feed - nourrir [73] female - féminin [65] fight - lutter [61] find - trouver [77] finger - doigt [41] fire - feu [88] fish - poisson [40] flat - plat [40] floor - sol [46] flower - fleur [83] fly - voler [68] follow - suivre [31] food - nourriture [51] foot - pied [12] foot - pied [36] forest - forêt [34] fork - fourchette [50] friday - vendredi [6] friend - ami [55] front - devant [39]

go - aller [34] god - dieu [80] gold - or [65] good - bon [42] grandfather - grand-père [80] grandmother - grand-mère [86] grass - herbe [84] gray - gris [16] green - vert [48] ground - terre [21] grow - grandir [83] gun - pistolet [63] hair - cheveux [75] half - moitié [64] hand - main [49] hang - pendre [47] happy - heureux [32] hard - dur [19] hat - chapeau [80] he - il [88] head - tête [65] healthy - sain [11] hear  - entendre [74] heart - cœur [30] heat - chaleur [70] heaven - paradis [23] heavy - lourd [37] hell - enfer [88] high - haut [58] hill - colline [58] hole - trou [48] home - maison [29] horse - cheval [37] hospital - hôpital [90] hot - chaud [44] hotel - hôtel [27] hour - heure [72] house - maison [57] human - humain [61] husband  - mari [75]

game - jeu [48] garden - jardin [39] gasoline - essence [71] gift - cadeau [17] girl - fille [65] glass - verre [25]

I - je [42] ice - glace [8] image - image [47] inch - pouce [93] injury - blessure [90]

101

inside - intérieur [54] instrument - instrument [67] island - île [23] it - il/elle [17] january - janvier [11] job - emploi [32] juice - jus [42] july - juillet [74] jump - sauter [7] june - juin [23] key - clé [85] kill - tuer [88] kilogram - kilogramme [40] king - roi [14] kiss - embrasser [10] kitchen - cuisine [42] knee - genou [80] knife - couteau [88] lake - lac [56] lamp - lampe [26] laptop - ordinateur portable [82] large/big - grand [49] laugh - rire [55] lawyer - avocat [28] leaf - feuille [34] learn - apprendre [41] left - gauche [52] leg - jambe [24] lemon - citron [50] letter - lettre [32] library - bibliothèque [62] lie down - s’étendre [53] lift - lever [52] light (heavy) - léger [92] light (noun) - lumière [38] light(color) - clair [63] lip - lèvre [76] listen - écouter [67] live - habiter [85] location - endroit [68] lock - serrure [29] long - long [18]

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loose - ample [18] lose - perdre [48] loud - bruyant [13] love - aimer [14] low - bas [73] lunch - déjeuner [51] magazine - magazine [70] male - mâle [49] man - homme [32] manager - chef [32] map - carte [77] march - mars [8] market - marché [51] marriage - mariage [10] marry - se marier [79] material - matière [82] may - mai [83] mean - méchant [88] medicine - médicament [30] melt - fondre [8] metal - métal [81] meter  - mètre [57] milk - lait [73] million - million [19] minute - minute [55] mix/stir - mélanger [73] monday - lundi [69] money - argent [17] month - mois [43] moon - lune [5] morning - matin [38] mother - mère [69] mountain - montagne [19] mouse - souris [31] mouth - bouche [91] movie - film [49] murder - meurtre [63] music - musique [67] narrow - étroit [33] nature - nature [45] neck - cou [10] needle - aiguille [30] neighbor - voisin [57] network - réseau [55] new - nouveau [11]

newspaper  - journal [81] nice - sympathique [62] night - nuit [14] no - non [77] north - nord [16] nose - nez [38] note - note [64] noun - nom [15] november - novembre [59] nuclear - nucléaire [70] number - nombre [22] ocean - océan [77] october - octobre [36] office  - bureau [62] oil - huile [78] old (young) - vieux [86] old(new) - ancien [19] open - ouvrir [91] orange - orange [42] orange - orange [57] outside - extérieur [62] page - page [66] pain - douleur [6] paint - peinture [57] pants - pantalon [18] paper - papier [32] parent - parents [13] park - parc [7] pass by - passer [46] patient - patient [90] pattern - pattern [92] pay - payer [43] peace - paix [80] pen - stylo [47] pencil - crayon [64] person - personne [87] photograph - photo [25] piece - morceau [50] pig - cochon [24] pink - rose [83] plane - avion [54] plant - plante [24] plastic - plastique [27] plate - assiette [50] play - jouer [48] player - joueur [36] pocket - poche [18]

102

poison - poison [89] police - policier [63] pool - piscine [44] poor - pauvre [69] pork - porc [78] pound - livre [92] pray - prier [80] president - président [59] price - prix [18] priest - prêtre [79] prison - prison [43] program (computer) - programme [41] pull - tirer [37] push - pousser [30] queen - reine [65] quiet - calme [28] race (ethnicity) - race [61] radio - radio [87] rain - pluie [16] red - rouge [74] religion - religion [88] reporter - reporter [81] restaurant - restaurant [33] rice - riz [35] rich - riche [65] right - droite [71] ring - bague [12] river - rivière [8] roof - toit [86] room - salle [90] root - racine [45] run - courir [58] sad - triste [61] salt - sel [78] sand - sable [23] saturday  - samedi [60] school - école [64] science - science [70] screen - écran [93] sea - mer [25] season - saison [84] second - seconde [58]

secretary - secrétaire [62] see - voir [39] seed - graine [83] sell - vendre [18] september - septembre [84] sex (gender) - genre [65] sex (the act) - relations sexuelles [10] shake - secouer [34] shallow - peu profond [8] she - elle [53] ship - navire [81] shirt - chemise [63] shoes - chaussure [34] shoot - tirer [63] short - petit [12] short (vs long) - court [75] shoulder - épaule [52] sick - malade [86] side - côté [52] sign - panneau [18] sign - signer [28] silver - argent [82] sing - chanter [45] sister   - soeur [56] sit - s’asseoir [25] skin - peau [61] skirt - jupe [12] sky - ciel [5] sleep - dormir [29] slow - lent [67] small/little - petit [35] smell - sentir [38] smile - sourire [65] snow  - neige [34] soap - savon [86] soft - mou [84] soil - sol [24] soldier - soldat [92] son - fils [88] song - chanson [87] sound - son [76] soup - soupe [33] south - sud [68] space - espace [68] speak/say - parler [76] spoon - cuillère [33]

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sport - sport [11] spring - printemps [8] square - carré [57] stain - tache [72] stand - se lever [6] star - étoile [5] stone - pierre [19] stop - arrêter [71] store/shop - magasin [18] straight - tout droit [54] street - rue [79] strong - fort [37] student - étudiant [60] sugar - sucre [50] suit - costume [80] summer - été [44] sun - soleil [38] sunday - dimanche [35] sweat - sueur [44] swim - nager [56] table - table [33] tall - grand [26] taste - goûter [78] tea - thé [89] teach - enseigner [64] teacher - enseignant [64] team - équipe [36] tear (drop) - larme [13] teacher - enseignant [64] team - équipe [36] tear (drop) - larme [13] technology - technologie [41] telephone - téléphone [13] television - télévision [93] temperature - température [44] theater - théâtre [14] they - ils [85] thick - épais [45] thin - mince [34] think - penser [70] throw - jeter [35] thursday - jeudi [36] ticket - billet [54]

tight - serré [12] time - temps [53] tire - pneu [21] toe - orteil [84] tongue - langue [91] tool - outil [26] tooth - dent [76] top - haut [87] touch - toucher [10] town - ville [16] train - train [69] train station - gare [43] transportation - transport [71] tree - arbre [45] truck - camion [21] t-shirt - tee-shirt [92] tuesday - mardi [59] turn - tourner [71] ugly - laid [40] university - université [60] up - haut [5] valley  - vallée [73] verb - verbe [9] victim - victime [89] voice - voix [28] vowel - voyelle [91] waiter - serveur [6] wake - se réveiller [84] walk - marcher [16] wall - mur [47] war - guerre [81] warm - chaud [23] wash - laver [86] watch - regarder [93] water - eau [56] wave - vague [77] we - nous [74] weak - faible [80] wear - porter [12] wedding - noces [35] wednesday - mercredi [51] week - semaine [66] weight - poids [21]

103

west - ouest [68] wet - mouillé [16] white - blanc [5] wide - large [93] wife - femme [35] win - gagner [59] wind - vent [34] window - fenêtre [39] wine - vin [33] wing - aile [45] winter - hiver [16] woman - femme [12] wood - bois [45] work - travailler [69] world - monde [77] write - écrire [66] yard - jardin [48] year - année [19] yellow - jaune [45] yes - oui [32] you (singular) - tu [41] you(plural) - vous [33] young - jeune [7]

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Index 3: Your First 625 (in Alphabetical Order, French – English) acheter - to buy [17]* acteur - actor [49] adjectif - adjective [20]C adulte - adult [43] aéroport - airport [54] aiguille - needle [30] aile - wing [45] aimer - to love [14] air - air [53] aller - to go [34]* ami - friend [55] ample - loose [18] ancien - old(new) [19] animal - animal [37]C année - year [19] août - August [44] appareil photo - camera [25] appartement - apartment [85] appeler - to call [55] apprendre - to learn [41] après-midi - afternoon [53] arbre - tree [45] argent - money [17] argent - silver [82] argile - clay [26] armée -  army [81] arrêter - to stop [71] art - art [47] artiste - artist [26] assiette - plate [50] attaque -  attack [81] attraper - to catch [40] auteur - author  [66] automne - fall [84] aveugle - blind [31] avion - plane [54] avocat - lawyer [28] avril - April [50] bague - ring [12] ballon - ball [36] banane - banana [51] banque - bank [32]

bar - bar [60] barbe - beard [75] bas - bottom [25] bas - down [25] bas - low [73] bateau - boat [25] bâtiment - building [46] battre - to beat/hit [37] beau - beautiful [26] bébé - baby [13] bibliothèque - library [62] bière - beer [60] billet - ticket [54] blanc - white [5] blessure -  injury [90] bleu - blue [63] boeuf - beef [51] boire - to drink [93] bois - wood [45] boisson - beverage [93]C boîte - box [37] boîte de nuit - club [67] bon - good [42] bon marché - cheap [27] bord - edge [77] bouche - mouth [91]* bouteille - bottle [60] bras - arm [90] brûler -  to burn [81] brun - brown [92] bruyant - loud [13] bureau - office  [62] bus - bus [62] cadeau - gift [17] café - coffee [38] calme - quiet [28] camion - truck [21] camp - camp [84] carré - square [57] carte - card [62] carte - map [77] casser - to break [90]

104

célèbre - famous [87] cent - 100 [64] cent deux - 102 [44] cent dix - 110 [92] cent mille - 100000 [87] cent onze - 111 [85] cent un - 101 [7] centimètre - centimeter [26] cercle - circle [22] cerveau - brain [70] chaise - chair [33] chaleur - heat [70] chambre - bedroom [53] chanson - song [87] chanter - to sing [45] chapeau - hat [80] chat - Cat [31] chaud - hot [44] chaud - warm [23] chaussure - shoes [34] chef - manager [32] chemise - shirt [63] cher - expensive [72] cheval - horse [37] cheveux - hair [75] chien - dog [7] ciel - sky [5] cinq - 5 [12] cinquante -  50 [64] cinquante et un - 51 [68] cinquante-deux - 52 [66] cinquième - 5th [83] citron - lemon [50] clair - light(color) [63] clé - key [85] cochon - pig [24] cœur - heart [30] coin - corner [79] colline - hill [58] compter - to count [7] conduire - to drive [71] consonne - consonant [76]

construire -  to build [57] contrat - contract [28] corps - body [10] costume - suit [80] côté - side [52] cou - neck [10] couper - to cut [83] courbé - curved [22] courir - to run [58] course - course [58] court - short (vs long) [75] couteau - knife [88] crayon - pencil [64] creuser - to dig [24] cuillère - spoon [33] cuisine - kitchen [42] cuisiner - to cook [42] cuivre - copper [26] danser - to dance [87] date - date [34] décembre - December [34] déjeuner - lunch [51] dent - tooth [76] derrière - back(direction) [54] dessiner - to draw [47] deux - 2 [36] deuxième - 2nd [16] devant - Front [39] diamant - diamond [35] Dieu - God [80] dimanche - Sunday [35] dîner - dinner [33] direction - direction [69]C dix - 10 [41] dix mille - 10000 [75] dix-huit - 18 [48] dix-neuf - 19 [81] dix-sept - 17 [50] doigt - finger [41] dollar - dollar [28]

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dormir - to sleep [29] dos - back (body) [6] douleur - pain [6] douze - 12 [43] drogue - drug [43] droite - right [71] dur - hard [19] eau - water [56] école - school [64] écouter - to listen [67]* écran - screen [93] écrire -  to write [66] église - church  [79] élection - election [59] elle - she [53] embrasser - to kiss [10] emploi - job [32]C endroit - location [68]C énergie - energy [70] enfant - child [64] enfer - hell [88] enseignant - teacher [64] enseigner - to teach [64] entendre - to hear  [74]* épais - thick [45] épaule - shoulder [52] équipe - team [36] espace - (outer) space [68] essence - gasoline [71] est - east [69] été - summer [44] étoile - star [5] étroit - narrow [33] étudiant - student [60] exercise - exercise [11] exploser - explode [74] extérieur - outside [62] facture - bill [72] faible - weak [80] famille - family [25] féminin - female [65] femme - wife [35]* femme - woman [12] fenêtre - window [39] ferme - farm [73]

fermer - to close [82] feu - fire [88] feuille - leaf [34] février - February [16] fille - daughter [84]* fille - girl [65] film - movie [49] fils - son [88]* fleur - flower [83] fondre - to melt [8] forêt - forest [34] fort -  strong [37] foule - crowd [87] fourchette - fork [50] frais - cool [93] frère - brother [58]* froid - cold [16] fromage - cheese [73]

herbe - grass [84] heure - hour [72] heureux - happy [32] hiver - winter [16] homme - man [32] hôpital - hospital [90] horloge - clock [38] hôtel - hotel [27] huile - oil [78] huit - 8 [33] humain - human [61]

gagner - to win [59] garçon - boy [50] gare - train station [43] gâteau - cake [50] gauche - left [52] genou - knee [80] genre - sex (gender) [65] glace - ice [8] goûter - to taste [78] graine -  seed [83] grand - large/big [49] grand - tall [26] grande ville - city [69] grandir - to grow [83] grand-mère - grandmother [86] grand-père - grandfather [80] gris - gray [16] groupe musical - band [87] guerre - war [81] habillement - clothing [18] habiter - to live [85] haut - high [58] haut - top [87] haut - up [5]

105

il - he [88] il/elle - it [17] île - island [23] ils - they [85] image - image [47] instrument - instrument [67] intérieur - inside [54] jambe - leg [24] janvier - January [11] jardin - garden [39] jardin - yard [48] jaune - yellow [45] je - I [42] jeter - to throw [35] jeu - game [48] jeudi - Thursday [36] jeune - young [7] jouer - to play [48] joueur - player [36] jour - day [27] journal - newspaper  [81] juillet -  july [74] juin - June [23] jupe - skirt [12] jus - juice [42] kilogramme - kilogram [40] lac -  lake [56] laid - ugly [40] lait - milk [73] lampe - lamp [26]

langue - tongue [91] large - wide [93] larme - tear (drop) [13] laver - to wash [86] léger - light (heavy) [92] lent - slow [67] lettre - letter [32] lever - to lift [52] lèvre - lip [76]* lit - bed [27] livre -  book [66] livre - pound [92] long - long [18] lourd - heavy [37] lumière - light (noun) [38] lundi - Monday [69] lune - moon [5] lutter - to fight [61] magasin - store/shop [18] magazine - magazine [70] mai - May [83] main - hand [49] maïs - corn [24] maison - home [29] maison - house [57] mal - bad [60] malade - sick [86] maladie - disease [30] mâle - male [49] manger - to eat [24] manteau - coat [72] marché - market [51] marcher - to walk [16] mardi - Tuesday [59] mari - husband  [75]* mariage - marriage [10]* mars - March [8] matière- material [82]C matin - morning [38] méchant - mean [88] médecin - doctor [30] médicament - medicine [30] mélanger - to mix/stir [73] mer - sea [25]* mercredi - Wednesday [51]

The Most AWESOME WORDLIST You Have Ever Seen ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

mère - mother [69] métal - metal [81] mètre - meter  [57] meurtre - murder [63] mille - 1000 [66] mille un - 1001 [14] milliard - billion [28] million - million [19] mince - thin [34] minute - minute [55] mois - month [43] moitié - half [64] monde - world [77] montagne - mountain [19] morceau - piece [50] mort - dead [19] mort - death [46] moteur - engine [71] mou - soft [84] mouillé - wet [16] mourir - to die [89] mur - wall [47] musique - music [67] nager - to swim [56] nature - nature [45]C navire - ship [81] neige - snow  [34] nettoyer - to clean [72] neuf - 9 [38] nez - nose [38] noces - wedding [35]* noir - black [75] nom - noun [15]C nombre - number [22]C non - no [77] nord - north [16] note - note [64] nourrir - to feed [73] nourriture - food [51]C nous - we [74] nouveau - new [11] novembre - November [59] nucléaire - nuclear [70] nuit - night [14] océan - ocean [77]* octobre - October [36]

œil - eye [39] œuf - egg [42] oiseau - bird [45] onze - 11 [29] or - gold [65] orange - orange [42] orange - orange [57] ordinateur - computer [41] ordinateur portable - laptop [82] oreille - ear [12] orteil - toe [84] os - bone [90] ouest - west [68] oui - yes [32] outil - tool [26] ouvrir - to open [91]

peu profond - shallow [8] photo - photograph [25] pied - foot [12] pied - foot [36] pierre - stone [19] piscine - pool [44] pistolet - gun [63] plafond - ceiling [53] plage - beach [23] plante - plant [24] plastique - plastic [27] plat - flat [40] pleurer - to cry [13] plier - to bend [91] pluie - rain [16] pneu - tire [21] poche - pocket [18] poids - weight [21] point - dot [5] page - page [66] poison -  poison [89] pain - bread [51] poisson - fish [40] paix - peace [80] policier - police [63] palais de justice pomme - apple [78] - court [28] pont - bridge [71] panneau - sign [18] porc - pork [78] pantalon - pants [18] portable - cell phone [55] papier - paper [32] porte - door [85] paradis - heaven [23] porter - to carry [21] parc - park [7] porter - to wear [12] parents - parent [13] pouce - inch [93] parler - to speak/say [76] poulet - chicken [33] passer -  to pass by [46] pousser - to push [30] patient - patient [90] poussière - dust [92] pattern - pattern [92] premier - 1st [11] pauvre - poor [69] président - president [59] payer - to pay [43]* prêtre - priest [79] pays - country [77] prier - to pray [80] peau - skin [61] printemps - Spring [8] peinture - paint [57] prison - prison [43] pendre - to hang [47] prix - price [18] penser - to think [70] profond - deep [77] perdre - to lose [48] programme père - father [93] program(computer) [41] personne - person [87]C propre - clean [86] petit - short [12] petit - small/little [35] quarante - 40 [38] petit déjeuner quarante et un - 41 [81] - breakfast [42] quarante-deux - 42 [90] quatorze - 14  [77]

106

quatre - 4 [24] quatre-vingt-deux- 82 [69] quatre-vingt-dix - 90 [55] quatre-vingt-douze - 92 [77] quatre-vingt-onze - 91 [71] quatre-vingts - 80 [18] quatre-vingt-un - 81 [57] quatrième - 4th [74] quinze - 15 [29] race - race (ethnicity) [61] racine - root [45] radio - radio [87] rapide - fast [58] regarder - to watch [93] reine - queen [65] religion - religion [88] reporter - reporter [81] réseau - network [55] restaurant - restaurant [33] rêve - dream [65] riche - rich [65] rivière - river [8] rire - to laugh [55] riz - rice [35] robe - dress [35] roi - king [14] rose - pink [83] rouge - red [74] rue - street [79] sable - sand [23] sac - bag [52] sain - healthy [11] saison - season [84]C sale - dirty [24] salle - room [90] salle de bains - bathroom [39] samedi - Saturday  [60] sang - blood [72] s’asseoir - to sit [25] sauter - to jump [7] savon - soap [86] science - science [70] se lever - to stand [6] se marier -  to marry [79] se réveiller - to wake [84] sec - dry [44] seconde - second [58]

The Most AWESOME WORDLIST You Have Ever Seen ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

secouer - to shake [34] secrétaire - secretary [62] seize - 16  [53] sel - salt [78] semaine - week [66] sentir - to smell [38] sept - 7 [27] septembre - September [84] serré - tight [12] serrure - lock [29] serveur - waiter [6] s’étendre -  to lie down [53] relations sexuelles - sex (the act) [10] signer - to sign [28] six - 6 [40] soeur - sister   [56]* soir - evening  [29] soixante - 60 [58] soixante et un - 61 [79] soixante-deux - 62 [62] soixante-dix - 70  [19] soixante-douze - 72 [72] soixante-onze - 71 [89] sol - floor [46] sol - soil [24] soldat - soldier [92] soleil -  sun [38] sombre - dark [14] son - sound [76] soupe - soup [33] sourd - deaf [13] sourire - to smile [65] souris - mouse [31] sport - sport [11] stylo - pen [47] sucre - sugar [50] sud - south [68] sueur - sweat [44] suivre - to follow [31] supporter - fan(sports) [36] sympathique - nice [62] table - table [33] tache - stain [72] tasse - cup [42] technologie - technology [41] tee-shirt - T-Shirt [92]

téléphone - telephone [13] télévision -  television [93] température - temperature [44] temps - time [53]C Terre - earth [5] terre - ground [21] tête - head [65] thé -  tea [89] théâtre - theater [14] tirer - to pull [37] tirer - to shoot [63] toit - roof [86] tomber - to fall [19] toucher - to touch [10] tourner - to turn [71] tout droit - straight [54] train - train [69] transport - transportation [71]C travailler - to work [69] treize - 13 [46] trente - 30 [26] trente et un - 31 [34] trente-deux - 32 [93] triste - sad [61] trois - 3 [31] troisième - 3rd [59] trou - hole [48] trouver -  find [77] tu - you (singular) [41] tuer - to kill [88] un - 1 [5] une couleur - color [61]C université - university [60] vache - cow [73] vague - wave [77] vallée - valley  [73] vélo - bike [17] vendre - to sell [18]* vendredi - Friday [6] vent - wind [34] ventilateur - fan (appliance) [53]

107

verbe - verb [9]C verre - glass [25] vert - green [48] victime -  victim [89] vieux - old (young) [86] ville - town [16] vin - wine [33] vingt - 20 [8] vingt et un - 21 [60] vingt-deux - 22 [36] visage - face [75] vivant - alive [30] voir - to see [39] voisin - neighbor [57] voiture - car [71] voix - voice [28] voler - to fly [68] vous - you(plural) [33] voyelle - vowel [91] zéro - 0 [22]