Francis DK Ching - Visual Dictionary 3

SITEWORK fill To I'2lse an existing grne with earth., ~ or other materla~ or the , ~Iltltyof rnat.erbl usea In Pullalng ~-- .. ----.-- --.-------. ------.---' .. up the Ieve! of an a r e a . ! ""'" ~4rouna GI'O\JI1J has ~n ralseJ to 3 higher level !:y fjlb~ with hard ruDPIe. dS stone or mien prick. Also called

rough grading

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The cutting. filling. ana sh3plng of earth In p~eparatlon for finish gradlng.

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-. fine grading The precise graal"i! of an area ailer rough graQing to prepare for paving. seeaJng. or planting.

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grade nake A stake man:lng the amount of cut or flll required to ~rlng the ground to a specified level.

rrt.1Jsc cal1ed §rad4 U~.

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the

point on a con5tnIctlon Site. esp. where the ~ r()IJ nd IMtetS the foundation of a

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The elevatlon of the orIglna I ground ~ ~Ion or grading ~ Also ~Ile.d vaa~

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reflll an eXcavation with earth. stene. or other material. esp. the space around exterior founaatlon walls.

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eu1lgraM Th~ prep;a~earth surface upon which 2

p2vement. concrete slab. or foundation Is ~11t. A su~grak should bostapkt. anln

well arid ~ relatively free of frost action.

...... --.... needle

underpinning A system of SlJpports that enaDles an exlstlng fOe r'ePullt. strengthened. or detpened. esp. the ~fUl SlJP?Xt required wben a new exumIon III adJdnlng property is ~pet' than t.~ existIng found3tlon.

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~ackfill

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J,.elowgraae - .... ---.---- ··-··--···--..

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Occurring or situated!:>elow the

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The ~at~ of drlv~. w;ols.lawns. or ather~ SIIt'faus ~ ~ ofcons~ orgraalng opomtions. Al:so. finished grade.

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grade .................. --... -.. ---

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A short Peam pas~ through a wan 35 a temporary support while the found3tlon or part ~eath Is repalre-d. altered. or strengthend Also called

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nudr~ 17e.1m.

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~d&horcs

An uprig hUlmpet' for supporting a dead load during the structural alteration of 2 pulJalng. esp. one of two supports for a needle.

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SITEWORI< ,wale --------- ------ -... --... -. -.-. --.- -.... -.. -.-- ..-.-.-... - ~

runoff

site drain3g8

A shallow depression formed by the l!1t.ersection of two groond slopes, often designed to direct or divert the

Somethil14 that drains cr flows off,.s flows off the !Jna In streams.

The surface and sullsurface drainage of a site In o r' to prevent the ccllectlon of exuss surface water or . gl'OtJnawater. .

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runoff of sumu water.

surface drainage The grading and sumclng of 3 site In order to divert rain ana other surface

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water Into natural drainage pattems or a storm sewer system.

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springs,

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largely of surface

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The process by which groundwater I s ! '. . ~ '.. :. 1j'~':'1 absarbtdlntothewatertal:rie.

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cutcff Awall or other structure Intenaea to elIminate or reduce percolation through porous strata.

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.. - curtain drain

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;:~:::~~~~~~ ~~~~h-' ----·-1~2~7T~~·.:-;::::;~~ ~;~'~~'.~~ which the earth Is saturated wtth wa ter.

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A drain placed l1etween the souru of water;lnd the area to l1e protected.

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perched w4TUrta~1e

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A W3terta~ofUmIWarea,held' above the noot13l watertal:rie by an ImpeTYlouS byer.

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I :~::;~I~i~nUrcepting draIn.

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Aperforated pipe Installed In porous fill to draw off groundW3ter.

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....... --..... French drain

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A drainage trench filled to ground level with loose stones or rock fragments.

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Adrain or c~nnel p3sslng under a

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A corn; rete OI"II13S0nry retaining 1';311 :.luhe Inlet of a drain orcufvert.

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conveying groundwater to a pelnt of disposal, as a storm sewer system. Excess groundwater reduces the badcarrying capacity of a foundatlon soil and Increases the hydrost3tlc pressure on a l1ulldlng foundation.

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- .. -.----------. --- are.idraln A drain for collecting surface water or r.llnwaterfrom a I1asement floor or paved 3re3 .

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AconcreU OI"lI1asonry retaining 1'1311 ;ottM outletofa drain or culvert.

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rectangular cross section.

An underground network of piping for

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A reinforced concrete culvert having ~

subsurface drainage

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box culvert

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rwdorsldewal\:.

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culvert

.-..--.--- ........ --....... dry well

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Adr.llnage ptt lined with gravel or ru!1!71e to reGelve surfau water and allow It to percelaU away to :.lUsorPent earth underground. Also called ,11~~ wetl.

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--.-

~nhole

Acovered hsorl1 large amounts of water and to expand to

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several tl~ Its natural volume.

loam A rich soil containing" rdatlvely equal mixture of sa rJ and slit and a sm,lIler proportion of clay !lna organic matter.

loess An unstratlfle.d. cohesive. loamy deposit deposited Dy wind.

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SOIL geotechnical Of or pertainIng to the practical applications of geologica/science In civil engineering.

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Atu~Umit5

foundatIon investigation

The levas of water content defining the Po\JndJ~ ~UI1 the different states of con~ncy of a plastic or cohesive soli. lIS ~ !1y standard tests. I~uid

The investigation and classification of a foundation solll7ased on observation and tests of material dlsclosea by l7or1ngs or excavations to obtain the information necessary for the deslgn of a foundation system. Includln9 the shearing strength. compressluillty. cohesion. expansiveness. permeal7J1lty. ana molswre ccnterrt of the scli. the elevation of the water ta!lle. and the antlclpated total and differential settlement. Also called su17surface Investlg3tfon.

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The W3~conttnt. expressed as ;,I ~~ of Iry ~ht. at which a soli p2~ fmn , pbs~ to a liquid state. p~,ticlt.yindd

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The nurnen:.1 d1ffertn