Fractions

 

1 6

 

LESSON CONTENTS

Read fractions and describe fractions as parts of a whole

EXERCISE SUMMARY VIDEO

Represent a fraction with a diagram Write a fraction for  a given diagram Determine the position of a fraction on a number line

*Please click on the red button.

 

Read fractions

A fraction

is a part of a

whole.

Read as: ¨ ‡ One quarter or one on e over four.©ª

1 4

¸ ¹ º

 

Fraction

Description

Read as

2 3

Two out of thr three ee pa part rtss

Two th thir irds ds or tw two over three

1

One out of two parts

One half or one over two

Three Thre e ou outt of fo four ur pa part rtss

Three Thre e qu quar arte ters rs or th thre ree e over four

3

Thrree out of fiv Th five e pa parrts

Thrree over fiv Th ive e

5 3

Thre Th ree e out out of of e eig igh ht par parts ts

Thre Three e over over ei eigh ghtt

Seven out of twelve parts

Seven or twelve

Nineteen out of twenty six parts

Nineteen over twenty six

2 3 4

8 7 12

19

26

 

To

represent a fraction with a diagram

Fraction

3 4

2 6 4 9

Diagram The shaded area represents 3 parts out of 4 equal parts of the whole object. The shaded area represents 2 parts out of 6 equal parts of the whole object. The shaded area represents 4 parts out of 9 equal parts of the whole object.

 

To

write a fraction for a given diagram

Diagram

Fraction (the shaded part)

2 5 3 8 7 13

 

Remember this!

 

To

determine the position of a fraction on a number line

A

fraction can be shown on a number  line. For example: a) 0

1

2

3

4

5

5

5

5

1

b) 0

1

2

3

4

7

7

7

7

What is the fraction shown by x? T

5

he fraction shown by x is 7

 x 

6 7

1

 

LESSON CONTENTS EXERCISE

Exercise 3.1

SUMMARY VIDEO

*Please click on the red button.

 

1.

Wri rite te the the foll followi owing ng in in words: words:

4

a)

7

a) Fo Four ur ove overr seven seven

11

b)

c)

12

31 72

d) 29

56

b) Ele Eleven ven over over twelv twelve e c) Th Thirt irty y on one e over  over  seventy two d) Twen wenty ty nine over over fifty fifty six

 

1.

Write Write the the fractions fractions to represent represent the shaded shaded area area in each of the following diagrams:

4

a)

a)

8 2

b) b)

c)

c)

4 1

2

 

‡ A frac fractio tion n is a number number tha thatt represents a part of 2a whole. 3

Fract ctio ions ns can can be repre represe sent nted ed ‡ Fra on a number line. 0

1 5

2 5

3 5

4 5

1

 

VIDEO LESSON CONTENTS

Find equivalent fractions for a given fractions

EXERCISE

Determine whether two given

SUMMARY

fractions are equivalent Compare the values of  two given fractions Arrange

order 

fractions in

Simplify fractions to the lowest terms *Please click on the red button.

 

To

find equivalent fractions for a given fraction

1

1

1

1

8

8

8

8

Equivalent fractions are fractions of the same value. For example, fractions 4

Fractions of shaded area is 4 8

1

and 2 are both same value. 8

1 2

4

8

1 =

2

Fractions of shaded area is 1 2

 

Find two fractions that are equivalent 1 to 4 .

The shaded area are the same size. Thus, 1 2 !

4

4

4 1

4

!

8

1

16

 

To

determine whether two given fractions are equivalent

Determine whether  2

or 

6

and 3 are 9 equivalent.

6

2

2v3

6

6 z3

3 and 9 are equivalent.

3

3v 3

9

9 z3

2 Therefore,

6

2

9

3

 

How much is RED? RED?

1 2

= Equivalent fractions

3 6

 

How much is BLUE ?

2 4

= Equivalent fractions

8 16

 

To

compare the values of two given fractions

The value

of two given fractions can be compared. 1)

Make Make the the two denomi denominat nators ors equal.

2)

Compar Compare e the the nume numerat rators ors..

 

Compare

2 7

with

3 14

2 .

!

7

2 2

4 !

7 2 14

Therefore,

2 >  =

<

=

greater than less than

"

3 14

7

or 

3 14



2 7

 

To

arrange fractions in order 

Fractions can be arranged in order  on a number line.

5 3 1 , and  4  Arrange 8 8 in increasing order on a number line (from the smallest to the largest).

 

1 4

0

!

1v 2 4v 2

!

1

3

5

4

8

8

Thus,

2 8



3 8

2 8



1

5 8

 

To

simplify fractions to the lowest terms.

12 Simplify

the fraction 30 to its lowest terms.

12

30

12 z 6 !

30 z 6

2 !

5 12

2

Therefore, the lowest terms of 30 is 5 .

 

VIDEO LESSON CONTENTS

Exercise 3.2

EXERCISE SUMMARY

*Please click on the red button.

 

1.

Which one Which one of the the two two given given fract fractions ions is bigger?

6 a)

b)

c)

7

,

3 7

a)

6 7

5 , 2 9 3

b)

2 3

1

c)

3

3 5

,

5

2

2 d)

5 , 2 8 3

d)

3

 

2.

Find the lowest terms for the following fractions:

12

a)

b)

c)

30

a)

63 81

b)

48

c)

72

2 5 7

9

2 3 15

d)

60 128

d) 32

 

Just for fun!

 

Equivalent fractions are fractions of the same value. 1 2

!

2 4

!

3 6

 

VIDEO LESSON CONTENTS

Recognise mixed numbers

EXERCISE SUMMARY

Represent mixed numbers with diagrams Write mixed numbers on given diagram Compare and arrange mixed numbers on a number line *Please click on the red button.

 

To

recognise mixed numbers

mixed number contains a whole number and a A

2 7 13

fraction. Examples of mixed numbers are 1 1 , 2 4 3

5

,3

3 7

. Whole number 

fraction

 

To

represent mixed numbers with diagrams

Diagram

Mixed number  1

1

2

2

3 4

 

To

write mixed number based on given diagrams diag rams

1)

The mixed number is

2

5 8

.

 

To

write mixed number based on given diagrams diag rams

2)

The

mixed number is 1

3 4

.

 

To

write mixed number based on given diagrams diag rams

3)

7 The

mixed number is 2

10

.

 

To

compare and arrange mixed numbers on a number line

A

mixed number 

can be shown on a number line.

Activity Lets do it together!

 

VIDEO LESSON CONTENTS EXERCISE SUMMARY

Exercise 3.3

Please click on the red button.  

1.

Write the mixed number which represents the shaded parts of each diagram below:

a)

2

2

a) b)

c)

1

b)

1

c)

1

2 5 3 4

 

Just for fun!

 

 A mixed number is a number  number  which consists of a whole number  and a fraction. 1

4

2 2 ,3 5

 

VIDEO LESSON CONTENTS EXERCISE SUMMARY

Recognise proper and improper fractions from given fractions Change mixed numbers into improper fractions Change improper fraction into whole number or  mixed number 

Please click on the red button.  

To

recognise proper and improper fractions from given fractions

Example:

3 1  A proper fraction is a fraction with the numerator less than the denominator.

2

3

8

5

11

2 27

15

 

To

recognise proper and improper fractions from given fractions

Example:

57  An improper fraction is a fraction with the numerator equal to or  greater than the denominator.

27 25

31

2 2

7 6 5 3

 

To

change mixed numbers into improper fractions Follow these steps:

a) Multiply Multiply the whole whole  A mixed number can be changed into an improper fraction.

number by the denominator. b) Add the product product (a) (a) to the numerator. n umerator. c) Reta Retain in th the e denominator.

 

1. Change

the whole numbers into improper fractions. Use the denominator in the bracket. 8 (denominator 2)

8!

!

8 1

8v 2 1v 2

!

16

2

 

2.

Change

6

1

3 into an

improper fraction.

6

1 !

6 v 3 1

3

3 !

18  1

3 19

!

3

 

To

change improper fraction into whole who le number or mixed number 

20 1. Change 4

number.

into a whole

20 4

!

5

Since

20 is divisible by 4, then the fraction is a whole number.

 

To

change improper fraction into whole who le number or mixed number 

17

2.

Change 8

into a mixed number.

17

8

!

2

1

8

 

VIDEO LESSON CONTENTS EXERCISE SUMMARY

Exercise 3.4

*Please click on the red button.  

1.

Change the following mixed numbers into improper fraction.

7

a)

2

b)

71 3

c) 3

9

11

20

a)

25 9

b) 22 3

c) 71 20 1

d) 20 1

4

d) 8

4

 

Just for fun!

 

‡ A proper fraction is a 1

3

fraction with thethan the numerator less denominator.

, 2 4

‡ An improper fraction is a fraction with the numerator  equal to or more than the

5 58 , 8 27

denominator.