FPSOs

FPSO FLOATING PRODUCTION STORAGE & OFFLOADING

ESPADARTE OVERVIEW

Swivel Stack Overhead Structure Superstructure

Main Bearing Turret Riser I- tubes

Moonpool Lower Bearing Chain Hawse

Espadarte Elevation

Espadarte Turret System

Riser Tie-in Spools Riser Termination Deck Chain Support Arch

Riser I-tubes

Chain Jack

Chain Hawse Riser Bell Mouth

Turret Cut-Away

Espadarte Mooring System

Espadarte Riser System

ESPADARTE SUBSEA LAYOUT

KUITO OVERVIEW

KUITO FIELD LAYOUT

FPSO UTILITY • Proven floating concept – ship – Can survive any non-ice sea environment

• Large topside area for production – Allows for horizontal integration – safety by distance

• Large storage capacity for periodic export – Normal 1-2 week production storage capacity

• Proven offloading capability in tandem or side-by-side – High tandem offload thresholds assure continuous production

HULL SIZE DRIVERS •

Required storage capacity - Shuttling philosophy

– dedicated tankers - parcel size – tankers of opportunity •

Topsides

– required deck area – stability •

Environment

– freeboard in fully loaded conditions (“green water”) – minimum draft in ballasted conditions (“slamming”) – size of the mooring system (anchor leg / turret) • •

Location of the accommodation Location & size of the turret

– internal – external

CONVERSION vs. NEW BUILD • Design field life – at the end of the life of the field, the FPSO should not be older than 30-35 years

• Environment – the fatigue resistance of a tanker is suitable for a 25-year deployment in West Africa – in harsh environment, ships rules do not provide adequate fatigue resistance for long term deployment

• Project planning – conversion: 14 - 24 months (topsides & mooring on critical path) – new construction: 24 to 30+ months (hull on critical path)

• Costs – CAPEX in favor of conversion (but cost and schedule somewhat difficult to predict accurately) – new construction costs (and schedule) can be reduced by accepting an early design freeze date on topsides

RULES & REGULATIONS • Shipbuilding vs. Offshore Standards – piping – selection of materials – accommodations – control & safety systems • Safety – IMO MODU as a reference – SOLAS limited to specific items not covered by MODU – MARPOL with unified interpretation for FPSO’s

FPSO STATION KEEPING AND OFFLOADING Multidirectional environment – Turret – Norm – Buoy / Yoke – Old – Tower/Yoke – Shallow

Single Point Mooring (SPM) Significant wave Height (m) any < 8-10 < 5-6

Offloading – Tandem or side-by-side

Directional environment

– Bow on waves – Beam on waves

spread mooring – Multiple mooring lines tied directly to vessel Significant wave Height (m) < 6-7