FprEN 12697-47

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE

FINAL DRAFT FprEN 12697-47

EUROPÄISCHE NORM  April 2012 ICS 93.080.20

Will supersede EN 12697-42:2005

English Version

Bituminous mixtures - test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part 42:  Amount of foreign matter in reclaimed asphalt Mélanges bitumineux - Méthodes d'essai pour mélange hydrocarboné à chaud - Partie 42: Quantité de matériaux étrangers présents dans les agrégats d'enrobés

 Asphalt - Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt Heißasphalt - Teil 42: Fremdstoffgehalt in Ausbauasphalt

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for unique acceptance procedure. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 227. If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as t he official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom. Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comm ents, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation. Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and

shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2012 CEN

All rights rights of exploitation in any form and by any any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.

Ref. No. FprEN 12697-47:2012: E

FprEN 12697-42:2012 (E)

Content

Page

Foreword ..............................................................................................................................................................3 1

Scope ......................................................................................................................................................6

2

Normative references ............................................................................................................................6

3

Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................6

4

Principle ..................................................................................................................................................7

5

Apparatus ...............................................................................................................................................7

6

Preparation of the sample .....................................................................................................................7

7

Procedure ...............................................................................................................................................7

8

Expression of results ............................................................................................................................8

9

Test report ..............................................................................................................................................8

10

Precision data ........................................................................................................................................9

Annex A.1 A.2 A.3 A.4 A.5 A.6

A (informative) Amount of foreign matter in finer fractions ............................................................. 10 Additional definitions ......................................................................................................................... 10 Apparatus ............................................................................................................................................ 10 Preparation of the sample .................................................................................................................. 10 Procedure ............................................................................................................................................ 11 Expression of results ......................................................................................................................... 11 Test report ........................................................................................................................................... 11

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FprEN 12697-42:2012 (E)

Foreword This document (FprEN 12697-42:2012) has been prepared by Technical Comm ittee CEN/TC 227 “Road materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This document is currently submitted to the Unique Acceptance Procedure. This document will supersede EN 12697-42:2005. The significant changes from that document are: — definition of coarse foreign matter includes 8 mm minimum size; — solvent for hydrocarbons made less specific; — classifications for material brought directly into line with those in EN 13108-8; — source of reclaimed asphalt to be reported clarified; — annex for analysis of finer material added. WARNING — The methods described in this draft European Standard require the use of solvents that are hazardous to health and are subject to occupational exposure limits as described in relevant legislation and regulations. Exposure levels are related to both handling procedures and ventilation provision and it is emphasised that adequate training should be given to staff employed in the usage of these substances. This document is one of a series of standards as listed below: EN 12697-1, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 1: Soluble binder content. EN 12697-2, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution. EN 12697-3, Bituminous mixtures —Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 3: Bitumen recovery: Rotary  evaporator. EN 12697-4, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 4: Bitumen recovery: Fractionating column. EN 12697-5, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 5: Determination of the maximum density. EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 6: Determination of bulk density  of bituminous specimens. EN 12697-7, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 7: Determination of bulk density  of bituminous specimens by gamma rays. EN 12697-8, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 8: Determination of void  characteristics of bituminous specimens. EN 12697-9, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 9: Determination of the reference density. EN 12697-10, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 10: Compactibility.

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FprEN 12697-42:2012 (E)

EN 12697-11, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 11: Determination of the affinity between aggregate and bitumen. EN 12697-12, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 12: Determination of the water  sensitivity of bituminous specimens. EN 12697-13, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 13: Temperature measurement. EN 12697-14, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 14: Water content. EN 12697-15, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 15: Determination of the segregation sensitivity. EN 12697-16, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 16: Abrasion by studded tyres. EN 12697-17, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 17: Particle loss of porous asphalt specimen. EN 12697-18, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 18: Binder drainage. EN 12697-19, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 19: Permeability of specimen. EN 12697-20, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 20: Indentation using cube or  Marshall specimens. EN 12697-21, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 21: Indentation using plate specimens. EN 12697-22, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 22: Wheel tracking. EN 12697-23, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 23: Determination of the indirect tensile strength of bituminous specimens. EN 12697-24, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 24: Resistance to fatigue. EN 12697-25, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 25: Cyclic compression test. EN 12697-26, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 26: Stiffness. EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 27: Sampling. EN 12697-28, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 28: Preparation of samples for  determining binder content, water content and grading. EN 12697-29, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 29: Determination of the dimensions of a bituminous specimen. EN 12697-30, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 30: Specimen preparation by  impact compactor. EN 12697-31, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 31: Specimen preparation by  gyratory compactor. EN 12697-32, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 32: Laboratory compaction of  bituminous mixtures by a vibratory compactor.

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FprEN 12697-42:2012 (E)

EN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 33: Specimen prepared, by  roller compactor. EN 12697-34, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 34: Marshall test. EN 12697-35, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 35: Laboratory mixing. EN 12697-36, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 36: Determination of the thickness of a bituminous pavement. EN 12697-37, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 37: Hot sand test for the adhesivity of binder on precoated chippings for HRA. EN 12697-38, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 38: Common equipment and  calibration. EN 12697-39, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 39: Binder content by ignition. EN 12697-40, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 40: In-situ drainability  EN 12697-41, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 41: Resistance to de-icing  fluids. EN 12697-42, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 42: Amount of coarse foreign matter in reclaimed asphalt. EN 12697-43, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 43: Resistance to fuel. EN 12697-44, Bituminous mixtures   Test methods for hot mix asphalt    Part 44: Crack propagation by  semi-circular bending test  prEN 12697-45, Bituminous mixtures   Test methods for hot mix asphalt    Part 45: Saturation ageing tensile stiffness (SATS) conditioning test  prEN 12697-46, Bituminous mixtures   Test methods for hot mix asphalt    Part 46: Low temperature cracking and properties by uniaxial tension tests EN 12697-47, Bituminous mixtures   Test methods for hot mix asphalt    Part 47: Determination of the ash content of natural asphalts prEN 12697-48, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 48: Interlayer bond  strength1) prEN 12697-49, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 49: Determination of friction 1) after polishing  prEN 12697-50, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 50: Scuffing resistance of  1) surface course asphalt 

1)

In preparation

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FprEN 12697-42:2012 (E)

1

Scope

This European Standard specifies a visual method of determining the amount and components of coarse foreign matter in reclaimed asphalt. A method for determining the amount and components of finer foreign matter in reclaimed asphalt is given in Annex A. This method does not completely categorise the foreign matter that can occur in asphalt. NOTE 1 For the use of reclaimed asphalt in asphalt mixtures, it is important to know the components in the reclaimed asphalt and to what extent coarse foreign matter is present that can influence the properties of the asphalt mix. NOTE 2 The method is not intended to categorise all foreign materials but rather to ensure that the amount of coarse foreign materials are minimised.

2

Normative references

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 932-1:1996, Test for general properties of aggregates — Part 1: Methods for sampling . EN 933-2, Test for geometrical properties of aggregates — Part 2: Determination of particle size distribution — Test sieves, nominal size of apertures. EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 27: Sampling 

3

Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 932-1:1996 and the following apply. 3.1 reclaimed asphalt asphalt made reusable by milling of asphalt road layers, by crushing of lumps torn up from asphalt pavements and asphalt from surplus production 3.2 coarse foreign matter  matter that is greater in size than 8 mm in reclaimed asphalt not derived from asphalt pavements or surplus production, and cold asphalt produced with cut-back bitumen 3.3 primary source quarry or pit from which aggregate has traditionally been used successfully in the manufacture of one or more types of asphalt 3.4 secondary source quarry, pit or other source from which aggregate has not traditionally been used successfully in the manufacture of any type of asphalt

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FprEN 12697-42:2012 (E)

4

Principle

The test methodology for determining the amount and components of coarse foreign matter in reclaimed asphalt consists of the visual inspection and determination of the composition of two sub-samples, taken from a representative sample of reclaimed asphalt. NOTE An optional method for determining the amount and components of finer foreign matter in reclaimed asphalt is given in Annex A.

5

Apparatus

5.1

Sieve, with a nominal aperture size of 8 mm, conforming to EN 933-2.

5.2

Balance to weight to 1 g.

5.3

Sampling divider , conforming to either EN 932-1 or EN 12697-27.

5.4

Hydrochloric acid, 1 mol/l.

5.5

Solvent for hydrocarbons.

5.6

Water .

6

Preparation of the sample

6.1 The reclaimed asphalt on the feedstock shall be visually inspected for the presence of coarse foreign materials. When coarse foreign matter is present, take a representative sample of reclaimed asphalt from the feedstock. The sample shall be at least 20 kg. 6.2 Sieve the sample using the sieve described in 5.1. Take the portion of the sample remaining in the sieve and divide it into two sub-samples by means of the sampling divider. NOTE The composition of the fraction of the sample remaining in the sieve is taken to be representative of the composition of the total amount of reclaimed asphalt from which the sample was taken.

7

Procedure

7.1 The two sub-samples shall be visually inspected for the presence of coarse foreign matter and the composition of each sub-sample shall be established as specified in 7.2. Each sub-sample shall be visually inspected and its composition determined and the two analyses shall be independent of each other. NOTE 1 Cold asphalt produced with cut-back bitumen may be hard to distinguish from "asphalt". However in that case the cold asphalt may be considered as “asphalt”: any cut-back in the reclaimed asphalt will affect binder. Distinction is favourable as the presence of flux may influence the final binder properties to an unwanted level or may lead to safety risks during the production of recycling asphalt. NOTE 2 Because of the strong influence of the analyst on the test result executing the test twice by two independent analyses is required.

7.2

Each sub-sample shall be sorted into: a) natural aggregate and material derived from asphalt;

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FprEN 12697-42:2012 (E)

b) group 1 materials such as − cement concrete, including cement concrete products; − bricks; − sub base materials (excluding natural aggregate); − cement mortar and − metal. c)

group 2 materials such as: − synthetic materials; − wood and − plastics.

NOTE 1 If necessary, washing the material with water before inspection may be helpful in order to facilitate the inspection. NOTE 2 In case of doubt, the presence of concrete can be proved by use of hydrochloric acid, and asphalt by use of  dichloromethane.

7.3 The mass of asphalt, cold asphalt produced with cut-back bitumen and coarse foreign matter not derived from asphalt (divided into side materials and other materials), shall each be determined to an accuracy of 1 g. 7.4 Calculate the content of asphalt, cold asphalt produced with cut-back bitumen and coarse foreign matter not derived from asphalt (divided into side materials and other materials) in the sub-sample, as a percentage by mass, to an accuracy of 0,1 % by mass. 7.5 If the mass of coarse foreign matter obtained from the sub-samples by each independent analyse differs from that obtained by the other independent analyse by more than 5 % by mass, the cause of this difference shall be investigated. NOTE If no explanation for a difference in mass is found, a new representative sample is taken and the test is performed once more.

8

Expression of results

Calculate the content of material derived from asphalt, coarse foreign matter derived from asphalt and coarse foreign matter not derived from asphalt, expressed as the average of the results of both analyses, to an accuracy of 0,1 % by mass.

9

Test report

The test report shall include the following information: a)

identification of the feedstock;

b)

source of reclaimed asphalt (mixture and locations from which the feedstock has been derived, if known);

c)

tonnage of the feedstock;

d)

content of material derived from asphalt, coarse foreign matter derived from asphalt and coarse foreign matter not derived from asphalt, expressed as the average of the results of both independent analyses, to an accuracy of 0,1 % by mass;

e)

date on which and the time at which the test was carried out.

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FprEN 12697-42:2012 (E)

10 Precision data Precision data are not available.

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FprEN 12697-42:2012 (E)

Annex A (informative) Amount of foreign matter in finer fractions

NOTE 1 Generally, the finer fractions of foreign matter in a sample of reclaimed asphalt are assumed to be similar to that of the coarse foreign matter. However, there are situations which cast doubt on that assumption, including: - when the reclaimed asphalt is exposed to significant amounts of small wind-blown detritus; - when the reclaimed asphalt has been transported in vehicles previously used for a material of predominant size less than 8 mm without adequate cleaning; and - when the reclaimed has been stored alongside a material of predominant size less than 8 mm. In such circumstances, testing a smaller fraction may be considered to be prudent. NOTE 2 Testing for smaller fractions of foreign matter will be considerably more difficulty than testing for coarse foreign matter, and it is assumed that the repeatability and reproducibility will be significantly greater (although no precision studies have been undertaken as yet). Therefore, undertaking such tests is only required when strictly necessary.

A.1 Additional definitions finer foreign matter  matter that is greater in size than 4 mm but smaller than 8 mm in reclaimed asphalt not derived from asphalt pavements or surplus production, and cold asphalt produced with cut-back bitumen Note 1 to entry: It is also possible to use fractions 6,3/8 mm or 5,6/8 mm, but the result will not be for the finer foreign matter as defined here. The fraction actually tested needs to be clearly associated with the result in any report.

A.2 Apparatus A.2.1

Equipment defined in Clause 5.

A.2.2

Sieve, with a nominal aperture size of 4 mm, conforming to EN 933-2.

NOTE

It is possible to use a sieve with a nominal dimension of 6,3 mm or 5,6 mm.

A.3 Preparation of the sample A.3.1 The reclaimed asphalt on the feedstock shall be visually inspected for the presence of finer foreign materials. When finer foreign matter is present, take a representative sample of reclaimed asphalt from the feedstock. A.3.2 Sieve the sample using the sieves described in 5.1 and A.2.2. Take the portion of the sample passing the first sieve but remaining in the second sieve and divide it into two sub-samples by means of the sampling divider. Both sub-samples shall contain between 100 and 200 particles. NOTE 1 The composition of the fraction of the sample remaining in the sieve is taken to be representative of the composition of the total amount of reclaimed asphalt from which the sample was taken. NOTE 2 The sample retained on the sieve when determining the coarse foreign material can be used for determining the finer foreign material after removing the undersized. The sample can be reduced to the correct number of particles by splitting the sample and discarding half, repeating as necessary.

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FprEN 12697-42:2012 (E)

A.4 Procedure Follow the procedure in Clause 7 except for finer foreign matter rather coarse foreign matter.

A.5 Expression of results Calculate the content of material derived from asphalt, finer foreign matter derived from asphalt and finer  foreign matter not derived from asphalt, expressed as the average of the results of both analyses, to an accuracy of 0,1 % by mass.

A.6 Test report The test report shall include the information in Clause 9 together with: a)

content of material derived from asphalt, finer foreign matter derived from asphalt and finer foreign matter  not derived from asphalt, expressed as the average of the results of both independent analyses, to an accuracy of 0,1 % by mass;

b)

fraction size tested.

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