FP6000CS8000CS Manual
November 12, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
YZI A@H EAK@XI@A@JI EA@YAL Autfeatkj L-Zialir
C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ EA@YAL JFHI4
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JRIAXKF@ HAXI4 JRIAXKF@ HAXI4 RILIAZI4
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RILIAZI HAXI4
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1.>
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CFRI_FRH K` tma`gk`o yfu cfr tmi priciri`ji okvi` us, ZEK^AJG Z.p.A. ks olah tf wiljfei yfu tf kts wkhi jkrjli fc Jlki`ts a`h mfpis tmat tmi usi fc tmks eajmk`i jfeplitily jfeplitily satksckis yfu. Xmks ea`ual ja` bi usih cfr efhil C^3>>>JZ a`h C^=>>>JZ was priparih wktm tmi ake tf allfw yfu tf fpirati f` tmi varkfus jfepf`i`ts, ixplak` tmi varkfus fpiratkf`s cfr eak`ti`a`ji a`h fpiratkf`. _miri `ft iixp xpri riss sslly k` k`hkja hkjati tihh by tm tmi
,k ,k` `st stru rujt jtkf kf` `s ric riciir tf tf all all ttmmi abfvi bfvi ei`tkf tkf`ih
efhils.. K` frhir tf ouara`tii a satkscajtfry livil fc icckjki`jy, lkci a`h pircfrea`ji fc tmi eajmk`i, wi uroi yfu tf sjrupulfusly fbsirvi tmi k`strujtkf`s jf`tak`ih k` tmks ea`ual.
^LIAZI RIAH XMKZ EA@YAL JARICYLL[ BICFRI K@ZXALLK@O XMI EAJMK@I. XMKZ EA@YAL KZ A@ K@XIORAL ^ARX FC XMI ^RFHYJX A@H EYZX AL_A[Z XAG XAGI I _KXM XMI ZAEI Y^ XF KXZ HKZEA@XLK@O.
8
ZEK^AJG Z.p.A. ks absflutily `ft rispf`skbli cfr a`y hkrijt fr `ft hkrijt jf`siqui`ji hui tf prfpir fr `ft prfpir usi fc tmks kssuk`o fr fc tmi systie sfctwari a`h mas oft rkomt tf eagi tijm`kjal efhkckjatkf` efhkckjatkf` f` mks systie a`h f` mks ea`ual wktmfut ahvksk`o tmi usirs.
ZEK^AJG Z.p.A. - Skali Skttfrkf Si`itf, 8 - 28>13 Za` ^illiork`f X. (BO) - Ktaly - Xil. +:;.>:89.8>8>> - Cax +:;.>:89.8>8>;
Hkjm kjmkara karaz zkf kf`i `i hk jf jf`cf `cfrek rektî tî J JI I IJ Hijlaratkf` fc jf`cfrekty Kl cabbrkja`ti cabbrkja`t i ZEK^AJG Z.p.A., jf` k`s k`sihkaei`tk ihkaei`tk prfhuttkvk prfhut tkvk k` Ska X Xassf, assf, ?9 Z.^illi Z.^illiork`f ork`f X Xirei irei (BO) Ktalka i ucckjk aeek`kstratkvk k` Ska ^kazzalu`oa, :> Za` Okfva``k Bka`jf (BO) Ktalka. Xmi jfepa`y ZEK^AJG Z.p.A., wktm prfhujtkf` skti k` Za` ^illiork`f Xirei (BO) - Ktaly, Ska Xassf, ?9 a`h miah-quartirs k` Za` Okfva``k Bka`jf (BO) - Ktaly, Ska ^kazzalu`oa :>
hkjmkara jmi la eajjmk`a hijlaris tmat tmi eajmk`i tkpf4 typi4
jf`cizkf`atrkji a`oflari autfeatkja
sirki4 sirkis4
C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
autfeatkj L-Zialir
efhillf4 efhil4 eatrkjfla `.4 sirkal `r. a``f hk jfstr uzkf`i uzkf`i44 yiar fc jf`strujtkf`4
2>>;
í jf`cfrei alli hkrittkvi jfeu`k tarki
jfeplkis wktm IJ Hkrijtkvis
;=/:?/JI
Jf`jir`i`ti kl rkavvkjk`aei`tf hilli liokslazkf`k hiolk Zt Jf`jir`i`ti Ztatk atk eiebrk rilatkvi alli eajjmk`i F` tmi apprfxkeatkf` fc tmi laws fc tmi Eiebir Ztatis rilatk`o tf eajmk`iry
2>>8/1>=/JI
Jfepatkbklk tî ili Jfepatkbklk ilittrfeao`itkja ttrfeao`itkja Ilijtrfeao`itkj Ilijtrfeao `itkj jfepatkb jfepatkbklkty klkty
;2/:1/JII
2>>3/;9/JI
Bassa ti`skf`i Lfw vfltaoi
i alli `frei aref`kzzati hk buf`a pratkja jfstruttkva, tra juk4
a`h wktm Maref`kzih Zta`harhs4 Eajjmk`i pir of eea i eatirki plastkj mi - Zkjurizza - Eajjmk Eajjmk `i pir sfcckaookf pir la prfhuzkf`i hk jfrpk javk - Riquksktk pir la prfoittazkf`i i jfstruzkf`i. Zacity fc rubbir a`h plastkjs eajmk`is - Blfw efulhk`o eajmk`is k`ti`h-
I@ 822
ih cfr tmi prfhujtkf` fc mfllfw artkjlis - Riqukriei`ts cfr hisko` a`h jf`strujtkf`
I@ KZF 121>>-1
Zkjurizza hil eajjmk`arkf. Jf`jittk cf`haei`talk, prk`jkpk oi`iralk hk prfoittazkf`i. Xirek`flfoka hk basi. Zacity fc eajmk`iry. Baskj jf`jipts, oi`iral prk`jkplis cfr hisko Baskj tirek`flfoy.
I@ KZF 121>>-2
Zkjurizza hil eajjmk`arkf. Jf`jittk cf`haei`talk, prk`jkpk oi`iralk hk pr foitta foittazkf`i. zkf`i. Z Zpijkckjmi pijkckjmi i prk`jkp k tij`kjk . Zacity fc eajmk`iry. Baskj jf`jipts, oi`iral prk`jkplis cfr hisko`. Xijm`kjal prk`jkplis a`h spijkckjatkf`s.
I@ 2;8
Zkjurizza hil eajjmk`arkf. Hksta`zi hk skjurizza pir kepihkri kl raooku`okei`tf hk zf`i pirkjflfs pirkjflfs i jf` olk artk supirkfrk. Zacity fc eajmk`iry. eajmk`ir y. Zacity hksta`jis tf privi`t ha`oir zf`is crfe bik`o riajmih by tmi uppir lkebs.
I@ :8;
Zkjurizza hil eajjmk`arkf. Zpazk ek`kek pir ivktari lf sjmkajjkaei`tf hil jfrpf. Zacity fc eajmk`iry. Ek`keue oaps tf avfkh jrusmk`o fc parts fc tmi muea` bfhy.
I@ 3>2>8-1
Zkjurizza hil eajjmk`arkf. Iqukpaookaei`tf ilittrkjf hilli eajjmk `i. ^arti ^arti 14 riofl i oi`ira oi`iralk. lk. Zacity fc eajmk`iry. Ilijtrkjal Iqukpei`t fc Eajmk`is. ^art 14 Oi`iral rulis.
I@ 3>8:;-1
Ap parijjm parij jm kat uri ur i ass asskie kieati ati hk pr ft ftizkf izkf `i i ea`fv ea` fvra ra pir bassa bas sa ti`sk f`i (quahrk B . X.) X.) Lfw vfltaoi swktjmoiar a`h jf`trfloiar assieblkis (Lfw vfltaoi pa`ils)
Kl sfttfsjr kttfri pir l'azki l'azki`ha `ha Xmi jfepa`y u`hirsko`ir @fei4
Okusippi
@aei4 Jfo`fei4
@ava
Zur`aei4 Cu`zkf`i
Lioali Rapprisi`ta`ti
Jmaroi4
Lioal Riprisi`tatkvi
Za` ^illiork`f Xirei, Hata\hati
[ ^ .......................................................... F Ckrea\sko`aturi J
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
ZYEEAR[ IJ Hijlaratkf` fc jf`cfrekty ..........................................................................................................................................9
1.
RI RIOY OYLAXKF@ LAXKF@Z Z A@H OI OI@I @IRAL RAL K@ZX K@ZXRY RYJX JXKF KF@Z @Z ... ...... ...... ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... ...... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ;
1.1. 1.2. 1.:. 1.8. 1.9.
MF_ XF JF@ZYLX A@H YZI XMKZ EA@YAL ............ .................. ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... .........; ...; _ARRA@X[ _ARRA@X[ JF@HKXKF@Z JF@HKXKF@Z ..... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... .......... ........... ............ ............ ........... ......; .; LIOAL RICIRI@JIZ RICIRI@JIZ ........... ................. ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ........; ..; RIEARGZ RIEARGZ F@ OI@IRAL OI@IRAL ZACIX[ ZACIX[ ............ .................. ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ........1> ..1> LIOI@H LIOI@H ............ .................. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ........11 ..11
2. 2.1.
EAJMK@ EAJMK@I I K@Z K@ZXALL XALL AXKF@ .... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........1: ....1: HIZJRK^XKF@ HIZJRK^XKF@ FC XMI EAJMK@I EAJMK@I ............ .................. ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ .......1: .1:
2.2. 2.:. 2.8. 2.9. 2.3. 2.?. 2.=. 2.;. 2.1>. 2.11. 2.12. 2.1:.
ZACIX[ ZACIX[ Z[ZXIE Z[ZXIE ............ ................. ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ............ ............. ............ ........... ........... .......1: .1: JF@XRFL JF@XRFL Z[ZXIEZ Z[ZXIEZ ........... ................. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ........18 ..18 _IKOMX A@H HKEI@ZKF HKEI@ZKF@Z @Z FC XMI XMI ^AJ ^AJGIH GIH EA EAJMK@I JMK@I ............ .................. ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... .......13 .13 _IKOMX A@H HKEI@ZKF@Z HKEI@ZKF@Z FC XMI EAJMK@I EAJMK@I ............ .................. ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ........... ........13 ...13 XRA@Z^FRX XRA@Z^FRX A@H Y@^AJGK@O Y@^AJGK@O ........... ................. ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............. ........1? .1? ^FZKXKF@K@O ^FZKXKF@K@O A@H LISILLK@O LISILLK@O ............ .................. ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... .......... ........... ............ ............ .......1? .1? C^3>>>JZ C^3>>>JZ A@H C^=> C^=>>>JZ >>JZ L-ZIAL L-ZIALIR IR A@H X89> X XY@@IL Y@@IL ^ ^FZKXKF FZKXKF@K@O @K@O ...... ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ .........1= ...1= AZZIEBLK@O AZZIEBLK@O XMI AJJYEYLA AJJYEYLAXKF@ XKF@ ^MFXFI ^MFXFILIJXR LIJXRKJ KJ JILLZ JILLZ (F^XKF@A (F^XKF@AL) L) ...... ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ........1= ...1= HIEFLKXKF@ A@H HKZ^FZAL ........................................................................................................................1= ........................................................................................................................1= ILIJXRKJAL JF@@IJXKF@Z ................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................1= .....................1= XIJM@KJAL XIJM@KJAL HAXA CFR XMI ILIJXRKJ JF@@IJXKF@ ............ .................. ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ........1; ..1; JF@HKXKF@Z FC YZI .....................................................................................................................................1; .....................................................................................................................................1;
:.
K@CF K@CFREAXKF REAXKF@ @ F@ XMI EAJMK@I ...... .......... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........21 ....21
:.1. :.2. :.:. :.8. :.9. :.3.
F^IRAXK@O F^IRAXK@O CIAXYRIZ CIAXYRIZ FC XMI EAJMK@I ........... ................. ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ .......... .......... .......21 .21 EAJMK@I EAJMK@I KHI@XKCKJAX KHI@XKCKJAXKF@ KF@ ........... ................. ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ .........21 ...21 XIJM@KJAL XIJM@KJAL Z^IJKCKJAXK Z^IJKCKJAXKF@Z F@Z FC XMI ^RFHYJX ........... ................. ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... .......21 ..21 HAXA CFR XMI ^@IYEAXKJ ^@IYEAXKJ K@ZXALLAXKF@ K@ZXALLAXKF@ ............ .................. ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ........22 ..22 HIXIREK@K@O HIXIREK@K@O XMI RIIL'Z RIIL'Z I]AJX _KHXM ............ .................. ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ .......... .......... .......22 .22 CKLE RIIL‛Z RIIL‛Z EA]. EA]. ZKTI LKEKXZ LKEKXZ ............ ................. ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ..........22 ....22
8.
^RI ^RI^ARAXKF@ ^ARAXKF@ XF XMI YZI FC XMI EAJMK@ EAJMK@I I .... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .......2: ...2:
8.1. 8.2. 8.:. 8.8. 8.9. 8.3. 8.?. 8.=. 8.;. 8.1>. 8.11. 8.12.
AHDYZXK@O AHDYZXK@O XMI BILX XF XMI ^RFHYJX'Z _KHXM _KHXM ........... ................. ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ........2: ..2: AHDYZXK@O AHDYZXK@O XMI ^AJGAOI MIKOMX ...... ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ .........2: ...2: ^FZKXKF@K@O ^FZKXKF@K@O FC XMI CKLE RIIL ............ .................. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ............ ........28 .28 AHDYZXK@O AHDYZXK@O XMI XMI CKLE _K@HK@O RFLLIR'Z RFLLIR'Z MIKOMX MIKOMX ........... ................. ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... .......29 ..29 ARRA@OK@O ARRA@OK@O XMI CKLE JFYRZI ............ ................. ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ ...........29 .....29 AHDYZXK@O AHDYZXK@O XMI EKJRF^IRCFRA EKJRF^IRCFRAXFRZ XFRZ ........... ................. ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ .........23 ...23 AHDYZXK@O AHDYZXK@O XMI CKLE ZI^ARAXK ZI^ARAXK@O @O RFHZ ........... ................. ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ .........23 ...23 CKLE ^FZKXKF@K@O ^FZKXKF@K@O ........... ................. ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ............ ............. ............ ........... ........... .......23 .23 CKRZX CKLE ZIALK@O ZIALK@O ..... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............2? ......2? ZJRA^ CKLE OYKHI HISKJI ............................................................................................ .......................................................................................................................2? ...........................2? ZJRA^ CKLE _K@HIR .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................2= .............................2= RIOYLAXKF@ CFR XMI ^AJGAOK@O FC LF_ ^AJGZ ...............................................................................2;
9.
ILIJXR ILIJXRF@K F@KJ J BFARH .... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ...... ..:1 :1
9.1. 9.2. 9.:. 9.8. 9.9. 9.3. 9.?. 9.=. 9.;. 9.1>. 9.11. 9.12. 9.1:.
ILIJXRF@KJ ILIJXRF@KJ BFARH GI[Z HIZJRK^XKF@ HIZJRK^XKF@ ............ .................. ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ .......... .......... .......:1 .:1 ZXARXK@O ZXARXK@O Y^ XMI EAJMK@I EAJMK@I ........... ................. ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ........... ........:2 ...:2 EA@YAL EA@YAL F^IRAXKF@ F^IRAXKF@ EFHI ............ .................. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........:: ...:: AYXFEAXKJ AYXFEAXKJ F^IRAXK@O F^IRAXK@O EFHI ........... ................. ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ...........:8 ......:8 CFREAX CFREAX ^ARAEIXIRZ ^ARAEIXIRZ ........... ................. ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ........... ........:9 ...:9 F^IRAXFR F^IRAXFR EI@Y ........... ................. ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ .......... .......... ............ ............ ........... ...........82 ......82 HAXA HKZ^LA[ HKZ^LA[ ........... ................. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............. ............. ........... ........... ............ ..........8: ....8: Z[ZXIE Z[ZXIE ZIXY^ ............ .................. ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... .......... ........... ............ ............ ............ ........83 ..83 YXKLKX[ YXKLKX[ ............ .................. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ......... ......... ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ...........8? ......8? Z[ZXIE ^ARAEIXIRZ ..................................................................................................................................8; ..................................................................................................................................8; ^ARXKJYLAR JFEBK@AXKF@ FC XMI GI[Z ....................................... ................................................................................................91 .........................................................91 IEIROI@J[ ^YZM-BYXXF@ ........................................................................................................................91 ........................................................................................................................91 EAJMK@I ZXAXIZ ...........................................................................................................................................92 ...........................................................................................................................................92
3.
EAJMK@ EAJMK@I I YZI .... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .......99 ...99
3.1. 3.2.
K@XI@XIH K@XI@XIH YZI ............ ................. ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ .......... ........... ............. ........... ........... ............ ..........99 ....99 F^IRAXK@O F^IRAXK@O ^RK@JK^LIZ ^RK@JK^LIZ ............ .................. ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ..........99 ....99
?
3.:. 3.8. 3.9. 3.3.
ZIXY^ ............ .................. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ........... ........... ............ ........... ........... ............99 ......99 JMIJGK@O JMIJGK@O CFR OFFH F^IRAXK@O JF@HKXKF@Z JF@HKXKF@Z ............. ................... ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ........93 ..93 HA@OIRFYZ HA@OIRFYZ ARIAZ ........... ................. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ........... ...........93 ......93 CFREAX CFREAX JMA@OI K@ZXRYJXKF@Z K@ZXRYJXKF@Z ............ .................. ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ........... ........... ............ ............ ............ ............ ..........93 ....93
?.
EAK@XI EAK@XI@A@JI @A@JI A@H R RI^AKRZ I^AKRZ ...... ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ .......9? ...9?
?.1. ?.2. ?.:. ?.8. ?.9. ?.3.
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Y@KX EM:8>>81 (C^=>>>JZ) .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................?: ................?: 12a Y@KX EM:8>>82 (C^=>>>JZ) .......................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................................?: .........?: 1:. Y@KX E[:?>>2; - E[:?>>29 .....................................................................................................................?8 18. Y@KX EM:?>>12 - EM:?>>>= .................................................................................................. ....................................................................................................................?9 ..................?9 19. 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Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
JMA^XIR 1 - RIOYLAXKF@Z A@H OI@IRAL K@ZXRYJXKF@Z 1.1 MF_ XF JF@ZYLX JF@ZYLX A@H YZI XMKZ EA@YAL Giipk`o Gii pk`o fc tmks ea`ua ea`uall
• Xmks ea`u ea`ual al jfstktuti jfstktutiss k`tioral k`tioral part part fc tmi eajmk` eajmk`i i a`h tmus tmus eust eust bi gipt gipt cfr as lf`o lf`o as tmi eajmk`i ks k` tmi usir‛s pfssisskf` fr, kc tmat bi tmi jasi, ma`hih fvir tf a`y ftmir usir fr subsiqui`t fw`ir. • Ysi tmks tmks ea`ual ea`ual k` a way tmat tmat wkll `ft `ft haeaoi haeaoi all all fr part part fc kts kts jf`ti`ts jf`ti`ts.. • Hf `ft `ft riefvi, riefvi, tiar tiar fr fr riwrkti riwrkti parts parts fc tmks tmks ea`ual ea`ual cfr a`y a`y riasf`. riasf`. • I`suri I`suri tmat a`y a`y aei`hei` aei`hei`tt tf tmks ea`ual ea`ual si`t si`t tf yfu ks k`jfrpfrati k`jfrpfratih h k` tmi ea`ual ea`ual ktsilc. ktsilc. Jf`sultatkf` fc tmi ea`ual ea`ual
Xmi jf`sultatkf` fc tmks ea`ual ks eahi iasy bi tmi k`sirtkf`, k` tmi ckrst paois, fc a sueeary, wmkjm allfws tmfsi jf`sultk`o kt tf keeihkatily lfjati tmi tfpkj riqukrih a`h, k` tmi last paois, fc a` a`alytkjal k`hix. Xmi jmaptirs ari frhirih cfllfwk`o sujm a strujturi tf cajklktati tmi risiarjm fc tmi riqukrih k`cfreatkf`. Eitmfh Ei tmfh fc uphatk`o tmi ea`ual ea`ual k` jasi fc efhkc kjatkf`s tf tmi eajmk`i
Xmi hisjrkptkf`s a`h hrawk`os jf`tak`ih k` tmi prisi`t ea`ual ari k`ti`hih as `f` ricutatkvi. ZEK^AJG Z.p.A. risirvis tmi rkomt at a`y efei`t tf appfrt efhkckjatkf`s tf kts eajmk`is (wmkli giipk`o tmikr issi`tkal jmarajtirkstkjs), cfr tmi purpfsi fc keprfvk`o tmikr cu`jtkf`alkty a`h jfeeirjkal a`h aistitmkj valui, wktm `f fblkoatkf` tf uphati ea`uals a`h privkfus prfhujtkf` ixjipt k` ixjiptkf`al jasis. A`y uphatk`o fr k`tioratkf` fc tmi ea`ual ari tf bi jf`skhirih as k`tioral parts fc tmi ea`ual. _i wfulh lkgi tf tma`g yfu k` ahva`ji cfr all tmi suooistkf`s tmat yfu eay wa`t tf cfrwarh tf us k` frhir tf brk`o abfut curtmir keprfviei`ts keprfviei`ts tf tmi eajmk`i. ZEK^AJG Z.p.A. - Skali Skttfrkf Si`itf, 8 - 28>13 Za` ^illiork`f X. (BO) - Ktaly - Xil. +:;.>:89.8>8>> - Cax +:;.>:89.8>8>;
1.2 _ARRA@X[ JF@HKXKF@Z Xmi eajmk`i ks si`t tf tmi Jlki`t riahy tf bi k`stallih, a`h mavk`o passih, at fur cajtfry, all ixpijtih tists a`h trkals, k` jfeplka`ji wktm tmi jurri`t rioulatkf`s. _ktmk` tmi ouara`tii pirkfh ZEK^AJG Z.p.A. u`hirtagis tf riefvi a`y ivi`tual claws cl aws a`h hicijts, f` tmi jf`hktkf` tmat tmi eajmk`i mas bii` jfrrijtly usih, a`h tmat tmi k`hkjatkf`s cfu`h k` kts ea`uals mavi bii` Xmiea`ucajturk`o warra`ty mas ahicijts valkhktycfu`h fc :39by hays tmiXmi hatiwarra`ty fc purjmasi a`hf`ly jfvirs all tmirispijtih. eatirkals a`h tmi crfe buklhir. ks valkh cfr tmi frkok`al buyir a`h subdijt tf tmi jf`hktkf` tmat tmi warra`ty jirtkckjati ks huly ckllih k` all kts sijtkf`s a`h pfstih wktmk` 2> hays crfe tmi hati fc purjmasi. Xmi warra`ty ks `f lf`oir valkh kc tmi eajmk`i mas bii` haeaoih tmrfuom ajjkhi`t, eksusi, briaghfw`s hui tf atefspmirkj aoi`ts, eak`ti`a`ji eak`ti`a`ji fpiratkf`s fr efhkckjatkf`s efhkckjatkf`s jarrkih fut by u`autmfrksih pirsf``il fr `ft bilf`ok`o tf tmi sirvkjk`o hipartei`t fc ZEK^AJG Z.p.A. Jf`sueptkf` eatirkals, parts subdijt tf `freal wiar a`h tiar, tra`spfrt crfe tmi usir tf tmi sirvkjk`o ji`tri fr vkji-virsa as will as labfur ari ixjluhih crfe tmi warra`ty a`h tmiricfri ari tf bi pakh by tmi Buyir.
1.: LIOAL RICIRI@JIZ Xmi eajmk`i "Autfeatkj L-Zialir" jfeplkis tf tmi Liokslatkvi ^rfvkskf`s fc tmi law tmat rioulatis tmi cfllfwk`o Hkrijtkvis4 Iurfpia` Hkrijtkvis f` eajmk`iry a`h/fr assieblkis • ;=/:?/JI - F` tmi tmi apprfxkeatkf` apprfxkeatkf` fc fc tmi laws fc tmi Eiebir Eiebir Ztatis Ztatis rilatk`o rilatk`o tf eajmk`iry. eajmk`iry. • 2>>3/;9/IJ a`h ;:/3=/IIJ - Lfw vfltaoi hkrijtkvi. • 2>>8/1>=/IJ a`h ;2/:1/IIJ - Ilijtrfeao`itkj jfepatkbklkty. Xijm`kjal sta`harhs applkih f` eajmk`iry a`h assieblkis
;
Jma ptir 1 - Ri Ri oulatk oula tkf`s f`s a `h oi `i ral k`strujtk k`strujtkf`s f`s
• I@ 822 - Zacity Zacity fc rubbi rubbirr a`h plastkjs plastkjs eajmk` eajmk`is is - Blfw efulhk efulhk`o `o eajmk`i eajmk`iss k`ti`hih k`ti`hih cfr cfr tmi prfhujtkf` fc mfllfw artkjlis - Riqukriei`ts Riqukriei`ts cfr hisko` a`h jf`strujtkf`. • I@ KZF 121>>-1 121>>-1 - Zacity Zacity fc eajmk`i eajmk`iry ry - baskj jf`jipt jf`jipts, s, oi`iral oi`iral prk`jkpli prk`jkpliss cfr hisko`4 hisko`4 tirek`flfoy a`h eitmfhs. • I@ KZF 121>>-2 121>>-2 - Zacity Zacity fc eajmk`i eajmk`iry ry - baskj jf`jipt jf`jipts, s, oi`iral oi`iral prk`jkpli prk`jkpliss cfr hisko`4 hisko`4 tijm`kjal prk`jkplis a`h spijkckjatkf`s. • I@ 2;8 - Zacity Zacity fc eajmk` eajmk`iry iry - Zacity Zacity hksta`ji hksta`jiss tf privi`t privi`t ha`oi ha`oirr zf`is crfe crfe bik`o bik`o riajmih by tmi uppir lkebs. • I@ 3>2> 3>2>8-1 8-1 - Ilijt Ilijtrkj rkjal al Iqukp Iqukpei ei`t `t fc Eajmk Eajmk`is `is.. • I@ 81 81= = - Iei Ieiro roi` i`jy jy stf stfp. p. • I@ :8; - Zacity Zacity fc eajmk`iry eajmk`iry - Ek`keue Ek`keue oaps oaps tf avfkh avfkh jrusmk`o jrusmk`o fc parts parts fc tmi muea` muea` bfhy bfhy.. • I@ 1>9> 1>9> - Zaci Zacity ty fc eajm eajmk`i k`iry ry - Rksg Rksg assis assissei sei`t. `t. • I@ =11 =11 - Zacity fc eajmk eajmk`iry `iry - Zacity Zacity hksta`ji hksta`jiss tf privi`t privi`t ha`oir ha`oir zf`is zf`is crfe bik`o bik`o riajmih by tmi lfwir lkebs. • I@ =;8 -1 - Zacity Zacity fc eajmk` eajmk`iry iry - Irof`fekj Irof`fekj riqukri riqukriei`t ei`tss cfr tmi hisko` hisko` fc fc hksplays hksplays a`h jf`trfl ajtuatfrs - part 14 muea` k`tirajtkf` wktm hksplays a`h jf`trfl ajtuatfrs. • I@ =;8-2 =;8-2 - Zacity Zacity fc eajmk`i eajmk`iry ry - Irof`fekj Irof`fekj riqukri riqukriei` ei`ts ts cfr tmi hisko hisko` ` fc hksplays hksplays a`h a`h jf`trfl ajtuatfrs - part 24 hksplays. • I@ =;8-: =;8-: - Zacity Zacity fc eajmk`i eajmk`iry ry - Irof`fekj Irof`fekj riqukri riqukriei` ei`ts ts cfr tmi hisko hisko` ` fc hksplays hksplays a`h a`h 1>
jf`trfl ajtuatfrs - part :4 jf`trfl ajtuatfrs. • I@ ;9: - Zacity Zacity fc eajmk`ir eajmk`iryy - Oi`iral Oi`iral riqukriei riqukriei`ts `ts cfr tmi tmi hisko` hisko` a`h jf`strujt jf`strujtkf` kf` fc ckxih a`h efvabli ouarhs. • I@ 9>>;;-1 9>>;;-1 - Zacity Zacity fc eajmk`i eajmk`iry ry - Zko`allk`o Zko`allk`o a`h a`h eargk`o eargk`o prk`jkp prk`jkplis lis - part 14 vksual, vksual, auhkbli a`h tajtkli sko`als.
1.8 RIEARGZ F@ OI@IRAL ZACIX[ Xmi fpiratfr, bicfri startk`o tf wfrg wktm tmks eajmk`i, eust mavi ajqukrih ajqukr ih i`fuom g`fwlihoi f` tmi lfjatkf`, cu`jtkf` fc tmi jf`trfls, jmarajtirkstkjs fc tmi eajmk`i, a`h eust mavi riah tmks ea`ual k` all kts i`tkrity.. Xmi ieplfyir eust sii tf kt tmat kts pirsf``il ks k`cfreih f` tmi cfllfwk`o tfpkjs rilatkvi tf tmi saci usaoi fc tmi eajmk`i4 • Aj Ajjk jkhhi`ts rksg rksgs. s. • Hivkji Hivkjiss eia`t eia`t cfr cfr tmi sacit sacityy fc tmi fpi fpirat ratfr fr.. • Oi`iral Oi`iral ajjkhi` ajjkhi`ts ts privi`tkf privi`tkf` ` rulis as prfvkhi prfvkhih h by k`tir`atkf k`tir`atkf`al `al hkrijtkvi hkrijtkviss a`h by tmi laws fc tmi jfu`try fc histk`atkf` fc tmi eajmk`is. Kt ks `ijissary tf jfeply tf tmi cfllfwk`o oi`iral prijautkf`s4 • Hf `ft `ft k`stall k`stall tmi eajmk`i eajmk`i k` arias arias pfsk` pfsk`o o a rksg fc fc ixplfskf ixplfskf` ` fr ckri. ckri. • Hf `ft tiepir tiepir wktm, wktm, riefvi riefvi fr efhkcy efhkcy tmi sacity sacity hivkjis hivkjis77 k` sujm jasis jasis ZEK^AJG ZEK^AJG Z.p.A. Z.p.A. hijlk`is a`y rispf`skbklkty f` tmi sacity fc kts eajmk`is. • Hf `ft efhkcy efhkcy parts parts fc tmi tmi eajmk`i eajmk`i tf k`stal k`stalll ftmir hivkjis hivkjis wktmfu wktmfutt prkfr autmfrk autmfrkzatkf zatkf` ` by ZEK^AJG Z.p.A.7 k` jasi fc u`autmfrkzih efhkckjatkf`s tmi cfreir wkll `ft bi milh rispf`skbli cfr a`y pfsskbli jf`siqui`jis. • Hf `ft fpirat fpirati i tmi eajmk` eajmk`i i k` autfeatk autfeatkjj efhi wktm wktm tmi ckxih ckxih fr efbkl efbkli i prftijtkf` prftijtkf`ss riefvih. • Hf `ft `ft fpi` fpi` tmi tmi cusi cusi blfj blfjgs gs wktm wktm tmi tmi eak`s eak`s f`. f`. • Hf `ft `ft k`tirvi`i k`tirvi`i f` swktjmi swktjmis, s, valvis valvis a`h si`sfrs si`sfrs wktmfu wktmfutt autmfrkza autmfrkzatkf`. tkf`. • Hf `ft k`tirvi k`tirvi`i `i f` tmi tmi efvk`o efvk`o parts parts ivi` ivi` wktmfut wktmfut tmi akh akh fc fbdijts fbdijts fr tffls. tffls. • Hf `ft `ft ea`u ea`uall allyy fkl fr fr orias oriasi i a`y a`y efvk` efvk`oo pa part. rt.
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
• Bicfri Bicfri jarryk`o jarryk`o fut a`y a`y wfrg f` tmi ilijtrkja ilijtrkjall k`stallatk k`stallatkf`, f`, i`suri i`suri tmat tmat tmi vfltaoi vfltaoi mas mas bii` hksjf``ijtih. • Actir Actir a` ahdustei` ahdustei`tt fr sijurkty sijurkty fpiratkf fpiratkf`, `, ristfri ristfri tmi stati stati fc tmi eajmk` eajmk`i i wktm ajtkvi ajtkvi prftijtkf`s. AXXI@XKF@! Xmi fpiratfr, tmi eak`ti`a`ji a`h jlia`k`o pirsf``il eust sjrupulfusly ahmiri tf bftm tmi rioulatkf`s cfr tmi privi`tkf` fc ajjkhi`ts a`h tmi sacity rioulatkf`s fc tmi Jfu`try fc histk`atkf` fc tmi eajmk`i a`h tmi pla`t, biskhis tmi k`strujtkf`s, war`k`os a`h oi`iral rulis jf`jir`k`o tmi sacity k`jluhih k` tmk s ea`ual. Hurk`o eak`ti`a`ji fr ripakr wfrg f` tmi eajmk`i, tmi lattir lattir mas tf bi smut hf w`, a`h tmi spijkal sk o` als (EAJMK@I FCC FCC CF CFR R EAK@XI@ EAK@XI@A@JI, A@JI, HF @FX ZXARX ZXARX,itj...) ,itj...) mavi tf b i usih. Eagi sur i tmat tmi swktj mis ari `ft riri-k`sirtih k`sirtih by u`autmfrk zih zih pirsf``i
1.9 LIOI@H All k`strujtkf`s a`h `ftis jf`tak`ih k` tmks ea`ual ari orapmkjally riprisi`tih k` tmi cfllfwk`o way4
AXXI@XKF@4 RIAH JARICYLL[ JA RICYLL[ BICFRI F^IRAXK@O. F^IRAXK@O.
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Jma ptir 1 - Ri Ri oulatk oula tkf`s f`s a `h oi `i ral k`strujtk k`strujtkf`s f`s
_AR@K@O! HF@‛X XFYJM.
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_AR@K@O! BICFRI F^IRAXK@O, JMIJG XMAX XMI EAJMK@I X[^I KZ XMI F@I XMAX MAZ MA Z BII@ B II@ BFYOMX. BFYOMX.
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
JMA^XIR 2 - EAJMK@I K@ZXALLAXKF@ 2. 2.11 HIZJ HIZJRK^ RK^XKF XKF@ @ FC XM XMI I EAJM EAJMK@ K@I I Cko. 2.1.1
OLFZZAR[ 1
K`ciih jf`viyfr bilt
2
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8
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9
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2. 2.2 2 ZACI ZACIX[ X[ Z[Z Z[ZXI XIE E Cko. 2.2.1
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2
Ckxih prftijtkf`s eahi fc plixkolas a`h smiit tmat riqukri spijkal iqukpei`t tf bi riefvih. riefvih.
:
Zacity si`sfrs efu`tih f` tmi sialk`o bar.
8
Zacity lkekt swktjmis plajih f` tmi eajmk`i craei a`h k`ti`hih tf stfp tmi eajmk`i kc tmi efvabli prftijtkf`s fpi` u`ixpijtihly.
9
Ieiroi`jy pusm-buttf`.
1:
Jma ptir 2 - Eajmk`i k`sta lla tk tkf` f`
2. 2.: : JF@X JF@XRF RFLL Z[ZXI Z[ZXIEZ EZ
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2
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GT>1>19;
Basi Clixtrf`-^fwir
8
GT>1>19:
Clixtrf`-K/F
9
I^>1>1;= I^>1>2>>
Ieiroi`jy buttf`
3
I^>1>1:;
Eak` swktjm
Kt ja` tu t ur` tmi eajmk`i f` a`h fcc
Kt i`ablis yfu tf sit up tmi eajmk`i cfr tmi cu`jtkf`s kt ks
:
ixpijtih tf pircfre.
pusm-
Kt stfps tmi eajmk`i k` jasi fc a` ieiroi`jy
?
I^::>>>2 I^ >>21
Lkom komtk` tk`o jf jflu lue e`
Xmi ORII@ lkomt sko`als tmat tmi eajmk`i ks f` ZXARX. Xmi RIH lkomt sko`als sko`als tmat tmi eajmk`i eajmk`i ks f` ALARE. Xmi BLYI lkomt sko`als tmat tmi eajmk`i ks f` ZXF^. Xmi K@XIREKXXI@X ORII@ lkomt sko`als tmat tmi eajmk`i ks f` ^AYZI. Xmi K@XIREKXXI@X BLYI lkomt sko`als tmat tmi sialk`o bar ks miatk`o up
=
IC1>>>=8
Sirtkjal hitijtkf` pmftfilijtrkj jill
Kt hitijts a`h ef`ktfrs viry lfw pajgaois pajgaois
;
IC1>>>=8
Mfrkzf`tal hitijtkf` pmftfilijtrkj ji
Kt hitijts a`h ef`ktfrs viry `arrfw pajgaois
1>
IC1>>>=3
Ckle si`sfr
u`wk`hk`o
Kt ajtkvatis tmi riil-mflhir eftfr wmi` tmi ckle ks bik`o hraooih.
IC1>>>22
Efvabli bilt hitijtk`o si`sfr (F`ly cfr C^3>>>JZ)
Kt hitijts tmi efvabli bilt orfup pfsktkf` a`h privi`ts tmi sialk`o wmi` tmi orfup mk`hirs tmi sialk`o bar. Kc tmi si`sfr ks hksjf``ijtih a`h tmi paraeitir "efvabli bilt" ks ajtkvatih, tmi eajmk`i wkll `ft wfrg.
IC1>>>22
Xmi si`sfr tf ajtkvatis tmi sialk`o bar sacity
Kt hitijts tmi prisi`ji fc a` fbdijt hurk`o tmi sialk`o bar's hfw`strfgi
18
11
12
Kt allfws tmi jarh tf g`fw tmi sialk`o bar pfsktkf`, by hitijtk`o tmi pfsktkf` fc tmi sialk`o bar jylk`hir rfh. Xmks allfws tmi eajmk`i tf jaljulati tmi sialk`o tkei, tf hiajtkvati tmi sialk`o bar sacity si`sfr hurk`o tmi sialk`o, itj… F`ji tmi sjrap riil mas riajmih kts cull japajkty, tmi pmftfjill si`hs tmi sko`al tf tmi bfarh. Xmi hksplay wkll tmi` smfw tmi war`k`o war`k`o "RIIL-ZJRA^-CYLL" "RIIL-ZJRA^-CYLL"
1:
IC111>>> IC >>>3
^fskt fsktkf kf` ` tra tra`sh shu uji jir r
18
IC1>>19>
^mftfjill sjrap riil
19
IC>1>>8;
Mkom/lfw pajgaoi ekjrf-swktjm
Kt jmijgs tmi pfsktkf` fc tmi mikomt ahdustk`o systie a`h stfps kt as sff` as tmi eaxkeue fr ek`keue mikomt ks riajmih.
13
I^>1>1;1 I^>1>1;;
Ypstrfgi/ hfw`strfgi pusmbuttf` jf`tajts
Kt ahdusts tmi eajmk`i ajjfrhk`o tf tmi pajgaoi, by efhkcyk`o tmi mikomt fc tmi squaris, fc tmi hraook`o rfllir a`h fc tmi sialk`o bar.
1?
I^>1>1;: I^>1>1;;
Ckle prissk`o jylk`hir silijtfr
Kt siparatis tmi 2 wmiils fc tmi ckle hraook`o hivkji, wmi` tmi ckle ks pfsktkf`ih. pfsktkf`ih.
1=
IC1>>>22
Zialk`o bar pfsktkf` si`sfr
Kt hitirek`is tmi fpi`k`o pfsktkf` fc tmi sialk`o bar.
IC1>>>22
Riil-mflhir si`sfr
1;
fc
cull
allfws tf virkcy v irkcy tmi pfsktkf` fc tmi riil-mflhi r iil-mflhirr rfllir. Kc tmi rfllir Ktrfllir ks fpi` hurk`o tmi eajmk`i fpiratkf`, tmi irrfr “RIIL-EFXFR-F^I@“ “RIIL-EFXFR-F^I @“ wkll bi hksplayih f` tmi bfarh.
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
Cko. 2.:.1
ILIJXRKJAL JABK@IX
Cko. 2.:.2
Cko. 2.:.:
19
Jma ptir 2 - Eajmk`i k`sta lla tk tkf` f`
2.8 _IKOMX _IKOMX A@H HKEI@ZKF@ HKEI@ZKF@Z Z FC XMI ^AJGIH ^AJGIH EA EAJMK@I JMK@I Cko. 2.8.1
C^3>>>JZ jarhbfarh jasi
C^=>>>JZ jasi pajgaok`o
pajgaok`o
]
22>> ee
239> ee
[
192> ee
1?8> ee
T
199> ee
1?3> ee
_IKOMX
Go33>
Go =1>
13
2.9 _IKOMX _IKOMX A@H A@H HKEI@ZKF HKEI@ZKF@Z @Z FC XMI XMI EAJMK@I EAJMK@I Cko. 2.9.1
C^3>>>JZ
C^=>>>JZ
]
2>;> ee
29:? ee
[
18:: ee
13:: ee
T
1939-13?9 ee
1333-1??3 ee
_IKOMX Go 99>
Go ?2>
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
2.3 XRA@Z^FR XRA@Z^FRXX A@ A@H H Y@^ Y@^AJGK@O AJGK@O ZEK^AJG Z.p.A. k` cu`jtkf` fc tmi eia`s fc tra`spfrt a`h fc tmi typi fc prfhujts tf bi smkppih utklkzis pajgaok`os ahiquati tf ouara`tii tmi k`tiorkty a`h prisirvatkf` hurk`o tra`spfrtatkf`. Kt ks rijfeei`hih tf ma`hli wktm oriat jari tmi eajmk`i hurk`o tra`spfrt a`h pfsktkf`k`o. Xmi cfrwarhir ks rispf`skbli cfr iviry haeaoi tmat eay fjjur hurk`o tra`spfrt. Y`pajg tmi u`kt eagk`o suri `ft tf haeaoi a`y ixpfsih parts.
Cko. 2.3.1
Xmi lkctk`o fc tmi eajmk`i efhuli eust bi jarrkih fut by eia`s fc mfkstk`o systies fpiratk`o crfe bilfw7 hui tf tmi pajgaok`o efhalktkis, kt ks `ft pfsskbli tf usi mfkstk`o systies fpiratk`o crfe abfvi. Lkct tmi eajmk`i crfe tmi lf`oir skhi a`h ahdust tmi cfrgs fc tmi cfrglkct at tmi eaxkeue hksta`ji hksta`ji crfe iajm ftmir.
1? AXXI@XKF@! Bicfri ma`hlk`o ma`hlk`o e agi suri tmat tmat tmi mfks tk`o iqukpei`t ari suktabli tf lkct tmi lfah tmat mas tf bi ma`hlih. K` tmi jasi jasi fc lf`o stfrk`o, plaji tmi eajmk`i k` a smiltirih smiltirih i`vkrf`ei`t i`vkrf`ei`t wktm a tiepiraturi bitwii` -19¾J a`h +99¾J hiorii fc muekhkty, varkabli bitwii` :>% a`h ;> ;>% % wktmfut jf`hi`satkf`.
2. 2.?? ^FZKX ^FZKXKF@ KF@K@ K@O O A@H LI LISI SILL LLK@ K@O O Cko. 2.?.1
Eagi suri tmat tmi clffr, k` tmi k`stallatkf` aria, hfis `ft prisi`t krrioularktkis tmat eay privi`t tmi `freal a`h jfrrijt pfsktkf`k`o fc tmi eajmk`i. ^laji a spkrkt livil f` tmi bilt's uppir skhi a`h tmi` livil tmi eajmk`i usk`o tmi ahdustabli suppfrt ciit tmi` lfjg tmie by tkomti`k`o tmi lfjg`uts
Jma ptir 2 - Eajmk`i k`sta lla tk tkf` f`
2.= C^3>>>JZ C^3>>>JZ A@H C^=>>>JZ C^=>>>JZ L-ZIALIR L-ZIALIR A@ A@H H X89> XY@@I XY@@ILL ^FZKXKF@K@O F`ji tmi eajmk`i mas bii` livillih, plaji tmi eajmk`i's jf``ijtk`o bilt as jlfsi as pfsskbli tf tmi tu``il's. Eagi suri tmat tmi tu``il's bilt ks gipt apprfxkeatily apprfxkeatily 1 ee mkomir tma` tmi sialir's, sf as tf privi`t tmi callk`o fvir fc pajgaois at tmi tu``il k`lit zf`i. Ahdust tmi mikomt by ajtk`o f` tmi ahdustabli suppfrt ciit. ^fsktkf` tmi tu``il k` sujm a way as tf mavi tmi wrappih pajgaoi pircijtly ji`trih f` tmi tu``il's bilt Cko. 2.=.1
1=
2.; AZZIEBLK@O AZZIEBLK@O XMI AJJYEYL AJJYEYLA AXKF@ ^MFXFILI ^MFXFILIJXRKJ JXRKJ JI JILLZ LLZ (F^XKF@AL) Cko. 2.;.1
Xwf orfups fc pmftfilijtrkj jills ari supplkih alf`o wktm tmi eajmk`i. F`i orfup ks tf bi plajih twf eitirs amiah fc tmi eajmk`i k`lit a`h ks k`ti`hih tf hitijt a`y pfsskbli i`h fc clux. Xmi ftmir orfup ks tf bi plajih twf eitirs actir tmi tu``il a`h ks ajjueulatkf`. eia`t tf hitijt a`y pfsskbli prfhujt Actir plajk`o a livil f` tmi uppir part fc tmi craei, livil tmi eajmk`i usk`o tmi ahdustabli suppfrt ciit tmi` lfjg tmie by tkomti`k`o tmi lfjg`uts.
2.1> 2.1 > HIEFLKX HIEFLKXKF@ KF@ A@H HKZ^ HKZ^FZAL FZAL AXXI@XKF@! Xmi eajmk`i hfis `ft jf`tak` ha`oirfus jfepf`i`ts fr substa`jis tmat riqukri pa partkjul rtkjul ar riefval riefval prfjihuris. Rioarhk`o Rioarhk`o tmi ilkek`atkf` fc tmi varkfus eatirkals, kt ks `ijissary tf cfllfw tmi rioulatkf`s fc tmi Jfu`try k` wmkjm tmi tu``il wkll bi hksea`tlih.
2.111 ILIJXR 2.1 ILIJXRKJAL KJAL JF@@IJ JF@@IJXKF@ XKF@Z Z Al Alll fp fpirat iratkf kf `s cf r tm i jf `` ``ijt ijt kf ` tf tm i eak`s eak `s eust eu st bi jar rk ih fu t wk tm `f vf lt ltaoi aoi applkih tf tmi eajmk`i.
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
AXXI@XKF@! K` tmi jasi wmkjm s feif`i wa wa`ts `ts ajjiss tf tmi ili ilijtrkjal jtrkjal s ystie, rieiebir rieiebir tf t ur` fc c tmi pfwir supply a`h wakt at liast 9 ek`utis bicfri fpiratk`o.
Iartmi`k`o Ia rtmi`k`o ks jfepulsfry! Xmi eajmk`i's jf``ijtkf` tf tmi eak`s eust bi jarrkih fut k` tmfrfuom jfeplka`ji wktm t mi ri rioulatkf`s oulatkf`s fc tmi usir's jfu`try. Eagi Ea gi suri tmat t mi criqui`jy criqui`jy a`h vfltaoi fc tmi eajmk`i's pfw ir supply (a (as s k` hkjatih f` tmi `aeiplati tf bi cfu`h f` tmi riar fc tmi eajmk`i) jfrrispf`h tf tmi eak`s'.
2.12 XIJM@KJAL HAXA HAXA CFR XMI ILIJXRKJ JF@@IJXKF@ Xab. 2.12.1
C^3>>>JZ
C^=>>>JZ
RAXIH SFLXAOI
2:> S
2:> S
RAXIH CRIQYI@J[
9>-3> -3> Mz
9>-3> Mz
RAXIH ^F_IR
:29> _
:=9> _
RAXIH JYRRI@X
1:,9 A
13 A
AXXI@XKF@! Xmi eajmk`i's supply lk`i eust bi iqukppih wktm a tmireal eao`itkj jkrjukt briagir japabli fc wkt msta`hk `o tm i ratih valuis statih k` tabli 2.12.1 2.12.1
2. 2.1: 1: JF@H JF@HKXK KXKF@ F@Z Z FC YZI Eagi suri tmat tmiri ks i`fuom spaji cfr iasy applkjatkf` a`h eak`ti`a`ji. XMI EAJMK@I @IIHZ A@ K@ZXALLAXKF@ K@ A JLFZIH A@H _ILL AKRIH ZYRRFY@HK@O, _MIRI XMIRI ARI @FX A@[ I]^LFZKF@ FR CKRI HA@OIRFYZ. XMI EK@KEYE LKOMXK@O EYZX BI :>> LY].
Eagi suri tmat tmiri ks i`fuom spaji cfr iasy applkjatkf` a`h eak`ti`a`ji. ^fsktkf` tmi eajmk`i k` tmi pla``ih spaji wktm `f muekhkty, claeeabli eatirkals, oas, a`h ixplfskvis a`h eagk`o suri tmat kt ks livil f` tmi clffr. _i suooist fpiratk`o tiepiraturis tiepiraturis varyk`o crfe +1>¾J tf +8>¾J wktm a rilatkvi muekhkty crfe :>% tf =>% wktm `f jf`hi`satkf`. Xmi akrbfr`i `fksi ks lfwir tma` ?> hB. C^3>>>JZ a`h C^=>>>JZ L-Zialir's K^ jlass ratk`o 5 K^98 AXXI@XKF@! Xmi prissuri a`h tmi plati ajfustkjal pfwir fc tmi eajmk`i ja` jma`oi hipi`hk`o f` tmi eatirkal fc jf`tak`irs tf bi pajgaoih. Xmiricfri, tmi usir eust pircfre a` assissei`t f` tmi `fksi ixpfsuri fc mks pirsf``il k` ajjfrha`ji wktm tmi typis fc pajgaois wfrgih, sf as tf iqukp mks fpiratfrs wktm suktabli pirsf`al prftijtkf` iqukpei`t.
1;
_mkti paoi
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
JMA^XIR : - K@CFREAXKF@ F@ XMI EAJMK@I :.1 F^IRA F^IRAXK@ XK@O O CIA CIAXYRIZ XYRIZ FC XMI XMI EAJMK@ EAJMK@I I Xmi L-sialirs C^3>>>JZ a`h C^=>>>JZ ja` ajmkivi a` futput fc 9> a`h :> ppe rispijtkvily, cfr a prfhujt wktm tmi cfllfwk`o hkei`skf`s4 19> ee lf`o, 2>> ee laroi a`h :>> ee mkom.
:.2 EAJMK@ EAJMK@I I KHI KHI@XK @XKCKJA CKJAXKF@ XKF@ Cko. :.2.1
F` tmi riar fc iviry eajmk`i ks applkih a `aeiplati smfwk`o tmi IJ, eargk`o, tmi eak` tijm`kjal hata sujm as efhil, sirkal `., pfwir, itj., tf bi `ftkckih tf tmi buklhir k` jasi fc prfblies.
:.: XIJM@KJAL XIJM@KJAL Z^IJKCKJA Z^IJKCKJAXKF@Z XKF@Z FC XXMI MI ^RFHYJX
21
Cko. :.:.1
^ajgaoi eax. skzi lkekts ^ajgaoi eax. wikomt lkekt4 :> go
C3>>>JZ
C^=>>>JZ
[ (ee)
] (ee)
T (ee)
[ (ee)
] (ee)
T (ee)
9> ?> ;> 11> 1:> 19> 1?>
3>> 9:> 91> 8;> 8?> 89> 8:>
8>> :=> :3> :8> :2> :>> 2=>
9> ?> ;> 11> 1:> 19> 1?>
=>> ?:> ?1> 3;> 3?> 39> 3:>
3>> 9=> 93> 98> 92> 9>> 8=>
2>>
8>>
29>
1;> 21> 2:> 29>
31> 9;> 9?> 99>
83> 88> 82> 8>>
Jma ptir : - K`c K`cfrea frea tk tkf` f` f` tmi ea e a jmk`i jmk`i
:.8 HAX HAXA CFR XMI ^@IYEA ^@IYEAXKJ K@ZXALLA K@ZXALLAXKF@ XKF@ Cko. :.8.1
Xmi akr rioulatkf` p`iueatkj efhuli jfepfsih fc a pahlfjg valvi a`h a rioulatfr ckltir, wktm rilatkvi prissuri oauoi usih tf rioulati tmi akr prissuri k` tmi jkrjukt. ^riss tmi pusm buttf` f` tmi hksjf``ijtk`o swktjm 1, tur` tmi ma`h orkp fc tmi rioulatfr 2 2 sf tmat akrf`clfws k`tf tmi pla`t. tmi akr prissuri tmi prissuri oauoiJmijg 8. Xf jf``ijt, k`sirt tmi akr sfurji k` tf tmi Ý1> ee : k`lit ckttk`o. Jfeprissih akr4
^ahlfjgih hksjf``ijtk`o swktjm Bffst jf`trfl Ý1> ^fwir supply ^rissuri oauoi Ckltir ^rissuri swktjm
1 2 : 8 9 3
22
• _frgk frgk`o `o pris prissu suri ri44 3 Bar
• Eax Eax jf`su jf`suept eptkf` kf`44 3 @fre @freal al lkti lktir/ r/ jkjl jkjlff • Eax. Eax. hi hior orii ii fc kepu kepurkt rkty4 y4 - sflkh partkjlis 8> ¹e. - lkqukh partkjlis4 >.9 ^^E
:.9 HIXIRE HIXIREK@K K@K@O @O XM XMI I RIIL'Z RIIL'Z I]AJX I]AJX _KHXM _KHXM Jaljulati tmi ixajt wkhtm fc tmi ckle riil by eiasurk`o tmi pajgaoi's mikomt T a`h wkhtm [ 4 Cko. :.9.1
CKLE _KHXM 5 [ + T + (sjrap 1>> ÿ 19>ee)
:.3 CKLE RIIL RIIL‛Z EA]. ZKTI ZKTI LKEKXZ LKEKXZ Xmi L-Zialir mas bii` hisko`ih cfr tmi pajgaok`o fc hkvirskckih prfhujts, ra`ok`o crfe tmi cffh tf tmi tijm`kjal k`hustry. Xmks eajmk`i ja` bi ru` wktm all gk`hs fc smrk`g ckles (pflyflick`, pflyprfpyli`i a`h pflyprfpyli`ibasih ckles) wktm a oauoi crfe 1> tf :> ¹e. Justfekzih lfofs a`h eissaois eay bi ciaturih, prfvkhih tmat tmiy cully jf`cfre tf tmi ixkstk`o rioulatkf`s. Xmi ckle eay bi ekjrfpircfratih by tmi eajmk`i's ekjrfpircfratfrs wmi` tmi ckle ks ieplfyih ji`tircflhih.
Cko. :.3.1
A
C^3>>>JZ
C^=>>>JZ
3>> ee
=>> ee
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
JMA^XIR 8 - ^RI^ARAXKF@ XF XMI YZI FC XMI EAJMK@I Xf pripari tmi eajmk`i fc a `iw cfreat k`put tmi ea`ual efhi wktm tmi start-up fpiratkf`s alriahy eahi a`h riek`h tmat tmi sialk`o bar efvis alsf wktm tmi sacity hffrs fpi`. Eagi tmiricfri tmi ahdustei`ts hitaklih miri bilfw.
8.1 AHDYZXK AHDYZXK@O @O XMI XMI BILX BILX XF XMI XMI ^RFHYJX ^RFHYJX'Z 'Z _KHXM _KHXM Xmi jf`viyfr bilt eust bi ahdustih tf tmi ixajt wkhtm fc tmi prfhujt. Ajt f` blfjg f` tmi riar fc tmi eajmk`i Cko. 8.1.1
2:
8.2 AHDYZXK@O AHDYZXK@O XMI ^AJGAOI MIKOMX MIKOMX K` frhir tf ahdust tmi eajmk`i ajjfrhk`o tf tmi pajgaoi mikomt, priss tmi pusm-buttf`s A fr B , sktuatih abfvi tmi ckle hraook`o orfup. Cko. 8.2.1
Xmisi pusm-buttf`s efhkcy tmi mikomt fc sfei iliei`ts k` tmi eajmk`i, tmus pirekttk`o a qukjg jma`oifvir. Kc tmi pajgaoi mikomt k`jriasis, priss A 7 kc kt hijriasis, priss B . K` frhir tf jfrrijtly ahdust tmi eajmk`i ajjfrhk`o tf tmi pajgaoi, always by eia`s fc tmisi pusmbuttf`s, tmi uppir mikomt, wmkjm small bisystie 9-1> ee tma` tmi prfhujt mikomt. Asahdust a jf`siqui`ji, jf`siqui` ji, squari tmi mikomt ahdustk`o autfeatkj wkll mkomir ahdust tmi pfsktkf` fc tmi sialk`o bar a`h fc tmi ckle hraook`o rfllirs, as will as tmi fpi`k`o a`oli fc tmi sialk`o bar orfup, wmkjm wkll bi tmi fptkeue a`oli cfr tmi prfhujt tf bi pajgaoih. pajgaoih.
Jma ptir 8 - ^ripa ratkf` ratkf` tf tmi us i fc tmi ea jmk`i jmk`i
Cko. 8.2.:
8.: ^FZKXKF@ ^FZKXKF@K@O K@O FC FC XMI CCKLE KLE RIIL RIIL Bicfri pfsktkf`k`o tmi ckle riil k` tmi u`wk`hir, ahdust tmi efvabli stfps H a`h I. Xmikr 28
pfsktkf` f` tmi tmik`hkjatfr pajgaoiA mikomt. fc tmi all,eajmk`i ahdust tmi squari as k`hkjatihhipi`hs k` pfk`t 8.27 sktuatihCkrst k`skhi wkll uppir efvi f`tf tmi mikomt, ekllkeitrkj rulir B , sktuatih f` tmi bajg jartir a`h wkll hksplay a ckouri, hick`ih "pajgaoi mikomt valui" Cko. 8.:.1
pajgaoi valui58
mikomt
By usk`o tmks valui, pfsktkf` tmi efvabli stfp H by eia`s fc tmi ekllkeitrkj rulir sktuatih f` tmi riil-mflhir as a riciri`ji. Cko. 8.:.2
pajgaoi mikomt valui58
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
Cko. 8.:.:
F`ji tmi efvabli stfp H, mas bii` ahdustih, pfsktkf` tmi ckle riil by giipk`o tmi riil's fpi` skhi f` tmi rkomt (Cko. 8.:.:.). Xmi rfh efu`tih f` tmi riil-mflhir wkll milp siparati tmi twf ihois fc tmi ckle. Fpi` tmi twf ihois a`h k`sirt tmi rfh. At tmks pfk`t, pfsktkf` tmi efvabli stfp I a`h casti` kt wktm tmi rilatkvi ma`hli.
8.8 AHDYZXK@O AHDYZXK@O XMI CKLE CKLE _K@HK _K@HK@O @O RFLLIR'Z RFLLIR'Z MIKOMX MIKOMX Cko. 8.8.1
B sktuatih bimk`h Ahdust tmi rfllirbiarirs, tmi jarh-mflhir sf tmat tmi rfllir ks pfsktkf`ih at tmi mikomt k`hkjatih by tmi "pajgaoi mikomt valui" wktm rioarhs tf tmi ekllkeitrkj rulirs sktuatih f` tmi ckle wk`hk`o orfup. Kc tmi pfsktkf`k`o ks jfrrijt, tmi rfllir wkll bi at malc tmi tmi pajgaoi pajgaoi mikomt fr a earg bilfw. At tmks pfk`t eagi suri tmat tmi twf ihois fc tmi ckle ari pircijtly alko`ih (kc tmi uppir ihoi ks cfu`h tf bi lf`oir, lfwir tmi rfllir)..
8.9 ARRA@OK ARRA@OK@O @O XXMI MI CKLE CKLE JFYR JFYRZI ZI Cko. 8.9.1
By rftatk`o tmi ma`hli 1 a ckle ks k`sirtih tmrfuom tmi rfllirs. Xmi ckouris bilfw smfw (labils lfjatih f` tmi eajmk`i riil mflhir) tmi ckle passaoi k`skhi tmi u`wk`hir a`h jmaptir 9 paraorapms ixplak` tmi ahdustei`ts fc pfk`ts A,B ,J,H,I.
AXXI@XKF@! Ac Actir tir tm i fp irat iratkf kf `, hf `f t cf ro it tf pu t tm i ma`hl ma` hli i bajg baj g tf kt kts s k` kt kal pfsktk f`, sf tmat tmi ckle ja` u`wk`h.
29
Jma ptir 8 - ^ripa ratkf` ratkf` tf tmi us i fc tmi ea jmk`i jmk`i
8.3 AHDYZXK@O AHDYZXK@O XMI EKJRF^IRCFRA EKJRF^IRCFRAXFRZ XFRZ Cko. 8.3.1
By tur`k`o tmi hfwils 2, yfu ja` ahdust tmi mikomt fc tmi `iihlis fc tmi ekjrf pircfratfrs, tmus efhkcyk`o tmi pircfratkf` ajjfrhk`o tf tmi pajg a`h tf tmi typi fc ckle k` usi7 efrifvir, kt ks pfsskbli tf riefvi sfei `iihlis, k` frhir tf rihuji tmi pircfratkf`. Xur` tmi ma`hlis 1 k` frhir tf ahdust tmi ekjrf pircfratfr ajjfrhk`o tf tmi typi a`h tmi wkhtm fc tmi riil k` usi.
8.? AHDYZXK@O AHDYZXK@O XMI XMI CKLE ZI^ARA ZI^ARAXK@O XK@O RFHZ Cko. 8.?.1
Xmi ckle siparatk`o rfh mas bii` efu`tih f` tmi riil-mflhir wktm tmi ake fc siparatk`o tmi ckle's ihois. Xmi rfh's i`h eust bi pircijtly alko`ih wktm tmi riil sf as tf riajm tmi ckle‛s k`tir`al cflh. Lffsi` tmi ma`hli J a`h ahdust tmi rfh.
23
8. 8.= = CKLE CKLE ^FZKX ^FZKXKF KF@K @K@O @O Cko. 8.=.1
F`ji tmi ckle mas of`i tmrfuom tmi riilmflhir as (Zii at 8.9“ARRA@OK@O XMI CKLE JFYRZI― JFYRZI― a pao. pao. 29) kt eust bi hkrijtih tmrfuom tmi squaris plajih f` tmi jf`viyfr bilt. Y`wk`h at liast twf eitirs fc ckle crfe tmi riil a`h tmi` prfjiih as smfw` k` Cko. 8.=.1. Xmi ckle cflh eust bi cflhih f` ktsilc tf cfre a ;>-hiorii-a`oli. Xmi twf trka`olis eust tmi` bi arra`oih f`tf tmi squaris.
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
8.; CKRZX CKRZX CKLE ZIALK@ ZIALK@O O F`ji tmi ckle mas bii` arra`oih as k`hkjatih k` paraorapm 8.=, kt ks pfsskbli tf prfjiih wktm tmi ckrst sialk`o. Ckrst fc all fpi` tmi uppir hffr hffr a`h plaji tmi ckle crf`t part k`skhi tmi ckle-hrkvk`o ckle-hrkvk`o hivkji i`surk`o tmat tmi twf claps ari pircijtly pircijtly lk`ih. Xmks hivkji ks usih tf allfw tm tmi i clfwk`o fc tmi ckle sjrap ckle hurk`o tmi lfahk`o pmasi fc tmi prfhujt f` tmi jf``ijtk`o bilt. Xf pircfre tmks fpiratkf`, k`sirt tmi k`ktkal part fc tmi ckle bitwii` tmi 2 wmiils ( A A ) fc tmi ckle oukhi hivkji (cko. 8.;.1)7 actir tmat, tur` tmi silijtfr B tf pfsktkf` > k` frhir tf bi abli tf fpi` tmi twf hraook`o wmiils a`h lit tmi ckle tmrfuom. K` frhir tf jlfsi tmi twf hraook`o wmiils, tur` aoak` tmi silijtfr tf pfsktkf` 1. Eagi suri tmat yfu ari k` ea`ual efhi. ^riss C1 cfr a sijf`h, k` frhir tf ajtkvati tmi sialk`o a`h tmi` C2 tf ajtkvati tmi ckle hraook`o. Altir`ati sflhirk`o a`h hraook`o jyjlis tf eagi up a jfupli fc eitris fc sjrap sjr ap ckle sf tmat kt ks succkjki`tly lf`o tf bi abli tf pass k`skhi tmi efbkli oukhi : a`h subsiqui`tly tf bi abli tf ckx kt tf tmi sjrap ckle rijfviry riil. F`ji tmi sjrap ckle i`h mas bii` ckxih f` tmi ck` 1 (ricir tf cko. 8.11.2 fc cfllfwk`o paoi) priss C: a`h ristfri tmi sjrap ckle rijfviry systie. systie. Cko. 8.;.1
2?
AXXI@XKF@! Xmi sialk`o sialk`o bar f`ly pircfres tmi sialk`o jyj li wmi` tmi prftijtkf` ks j lfsih. Mfwivir Mfwivir,, pay atti`tkf` tmat k` tmi sialk`o aria tmiri ari `f fbdijts fr parts fc tmi fpiratfr bfhy.
8.1> 8.1 > ZJRA^ ZJRA^ CKLE OYKHI OYKHI HISKJI HISKJI Cko. 8.1>. 8.1>.1 1
Xmi sjrap ckle oukhi hivkji 1 giips tmi sjrap ckle
alko`ih a`h ilkek`atis tmi ixtir`al sialk`o a`oli lict f` tmi lict fc tmi bfttfe (Cko.8.1>.1) fc pajgaoi 2.
Jma ptir 8 - ^ripa ratkf` ratkf` tf tmi us i fc tmi ea jmk`i jmk`i
8. 8.11 11 ZJ ZJRA RA^ ^ CK CKLE LE _K@ _K@HI HIR R Xmi sjrap ckle wk`hir ks k`ti`hih tf jfllijt tmi ckle sjrap f` tmi riil cfr iasy hkspfsal. Actir tagk`o tmi sjrap ckle tmrfuom tmi hrkvk`o a`h sjrap ckle oukhi hivkjis, cfllfw tmi k`hkjatkf`s prfvkhih bilfw. Cko. 8.11.1
Cko. 8.11.2
2=
@fw ckx tmi sjrap ckle i`h f` tmi ck` 1 wmkjm ks f` tmi hksg. Xmi Xmi eajmk`i wkll autfeatkjally autfeatkjally wkll wk`h tmi ixjiihk`o ckle f` tmi hivkji. _mi` tmi sjrap ckle rijfviry riil riajmis tmi eaxkeue hkei`skf`s, tmi eajmk`i wkll pausi. Xmi riahk`o "RIIL-ZJRA^-CYLL" wkll appiar f` tmi hksplay. @fw tagi tmi jfkl fcc by u`sjriwk`o tmi ma`hwmiil 2 a`h riefvi tmi hksg :.(Cko. 8.11.2).
Cko. 8.11.2
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
Kc tmiri ari a`y prfblies wktm tmi sjrap ckle ti`skf`k`o, ahh tmi blfjg 8 supplkih wktm tmi eajmk`i. By brk`ok`o tmi blfjg `iar tmi rfllir, tmi ti`skf`k`o livir wikomt k`jriasis, tmus k`jriask`o tmi sjrap ckle ti`skf`k`o7 by efvk`o tmi blfjg tfwarhs tmi livir culjrue, tmi ti`skf`k`o ks rihujih Cko. 8.11.:
2;
8.12 RIOYLAXKF@ RIOYLAXKF@ CFR CFR XMI ^AJGAOK@O ^AJGAOK@O FC LF_ LF_ ^ ^AJGZ AJGZ Xmi Zekpajg autfeatkj L-sialirs ja` pajgaoi prfhujts fc hkcciri`t hkei`skf`s, wktmfut `iihk`o tf efhkcy tmi eajmk`i strujturi7 a`yway, k` frhir tf keprfvi tmi pajgaok`o fc viry lfw prfhujts (liss tma` 2 je mkom), kt ks rijfeei`hih tf ahdust tmi squaris pfsktkf`, k` frhir tf fbtak` tmi seallist pajgaoi.
Cko. 8.12.2
Cko. 8.12.1
Riefvi tmi skhi oukhi 1 sktuatih f` tmi jf``ijtkf` bilt, k` frhir cfr tmi prfhujt tf bi jlfsir tf tmi sialk`o bar (sii pkjturi 8.12.1) a`h ahdust tmi squaris mikomt k` tmi lfwist pfsktkf` as tf tmi prfhujt, by eia`s fc tmi sjriw 2 (sii pkjturi 8.12.2).
Jma ptir 8 - ^ripa ratkf` ratkf` tf tmi us i fc tmi ea jmk`i jmk`i
Cko. 8.12.:
:>
Efvi tmi uppir squari : alf`o tmi mflis, by pusmk`o tmi 8 sjriws 9 k` tmi hkrijtkf` k`hkjatih k` tmi pkjturi7 k` tmi saei way, ahdust tmi pfsktkf` fc tmi lfwir squari 8 by eia`s fc tmi 8 sjriws 3. (Cko 8.12.:) Xmi bilfw pkjturis smfw tmi alko`ei`ts fc tmi squaris k` tmi “sta`harh― pfsktkf` a`h k` tmi bist pfsktkf` cfr tmi pajgaok`o fc lfw prfhujts (lfwir tma` 2 je).
Cko. 8.12.8
Zta`harh ri rioulatkf` fc fc tm tmi sq squaris
Rioulatkf` fc tmi squaris cfr tmi pajgaok`o fc lfw prfhujts
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
JMA^XIR 9 - ILIJXRF@KJ BFARH 9.1 ILIJXRF@KJ BFARH GI[Z HIZJRK^XKF@ Cko. 9.1.1
Xmi tmi Autfeatkj L-Zialir‛s ilijtrf`kj bfarh ks jfepfsih fc tmi cfllfwk`o iliei`ts4
EAK@ Z_KXJM4 Kt ja` tur` tmi eajmk`i f` a`h fcc.7
^F_IR4 pusm buttf`4 buttf`4 kt jf``ijts jf``ijts pfwir 7
ZXARX pusm buttf`4
F` autfeatkj a`h siekautfeatkj efhi, kt starts tmi eajmk`i prfhujtkf`7 ZXF^ pusm buttf`4
F` autfeatkj efhi, kt stfps tmi eajmk`i4 K` jasi fc sflvih prfblies, kt hick`ktily ja`jils tmie, tmus pirekttk`o tf ri-start tmi eajmk`i7
By prissk`o a`h mflhk`o tmi giy cfr abfut 1 sijf`h, kt pircfres tmi sflhirk`o (pusm buttf` ajtkvi f`ly k` ea`ual efhi)
Kt pircfres tmi ckle hraook`o (pusm buttf` ajtkvi f`ly k` ea`ual efhi)
@ft ajtkvi
:1
Jma pti r 9 - IL ILi jtrf`kj jtrf`kj b bfa fa rh
Zilijt tmi "AYXFEAXKJ" eajmk`i fpiratkf` efhi
Efhi tf bi silijtih tf pfsktkf` tmi ckle a`h kts ahdustei`ts
I@XIR pusm buttf`4 efhkckis a`h/fr jf`ckres a paraeitir7
ARRF_ giys4 ja` bi usih tf of tmrfuom tmi ei`u a`h tf sit a`h/fr efhkcy tmi paraeitirs.
Li Lict ct gi giy4 y4 :2
brfw brfwsi siss tm tmrf rfuo uom m tm tmi i va vark rkfu fuss ei`u ei`us. s.
Rk Rkom omtt gi giy4 y4 Yp
brfw brfwsi siss ttmr mrfu fuom om tm tmi i va vark rkfu fuss ei` ei`us us.. a`h hfw` giys
, ari usih tf efvi tmrfuom tmi ei`u tf efhkcy
paraeitirs. Xf ef efhkcy kcy a parae raeiti tirr, ef efvi f`tf kt aa` `h pri prisss.
^riss `fw tmi up
a`h hfw`
tf i`ti i`tirr ttmmi ef efhkckj kckjaatk tkff` ei ei`u. `u.
, tf iccijt tmi efhkckjatkf` a`h tmi` giip tmi giy
prissih cfr f`i sijf`h tf jf`ckre kt.
Hksplay alpma`ueirkj bajglkomtih 2 lk`is a`h 13 jmarajtirs. jmarajtir s.
9.2 ZXARXK@O ZXARXK@O Y^ XMI EAJMK@I [fu ja ja` ` tur tur` ` tmi tmi eajm eajmk` k`i i f` f` by by rrft ftat atk` k`o o tmi tmi eak` eak` sw swktktjm jm giy
, tmi cfllfwk`o vkhif hksplay appiars4
f` F@ a` a`h h tmi tmi` ` pri priss ssk` k`o o tmi tmi
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
Cko. 9.2.1
F` tmi ckrst lk`i tmi typi fc eajmk`i ks hksplayih a`h f` tmi sijf`h tmi sfctwari riliasi lfahih.
Cko. 9.2.2
Zubsiqui`tly tmi cfllfwk`o hksplay wkll appiar4
BAR- AHD YZ XEI@ BARI@X X ZXARX+I@XIR
@fw pircfre tmi ahdustei`t fc tmi sialk`o bar7 k` tmks pmasi tmi eajmk`i jaljulatis tmi fpiratkf` pfsktkf`s. Gi Giip pr issih bft m giys a`h u`tkl tmi bar mas pircfreih a jfepliti jyjli. Xmi ahdustei`t jyjli k`jluhis a jfepliti fpi`k`o, a jfepliti jlfsk`o cfr abfut : sijf`hs, a`h a ck`al fpi`k`o. Kc tmisi giys ari riliasih bicfri tmi jyjli mas bii` jfeplitih tmi bar wkll fpi` aoak` a`h kt wkll bi `ijissary tf pircfre aoak` tmi prfjihuri. AXXI@XKF@!! HYRK@O XMKZ ^MAZI, BICFRI ^IRCFREK@O XMI ABFSI-EI@XKF@IH AHDYZXEI@X XMI ZACIX[ HISKJIZ FC XMI XMI ZIALK@O BA R ARI @FX AJXKSI.
Bicfri pircfrek`o tmks pmasi virkcy tmat tmiri ari `f fbdijts, ispijkally part fc tmi fpiratfr's bfhy, k` tmi sialk`o aria7 _AR@K@O4 tmi efviei`t fc tmi sialk`o bar eay jausi ha`oir fc seasmk`o, jut a`h bur`s. Actir pircfrek`o tmi ahdustei`t pmasi a`h f`ji tmi risksta`jis mavi bii` miatih tmi eajmk`i wkll sit tmi eak` hksplay4 Cko. 9.2.:
F`ji tmks hksplay mas appiarih yfu ja` ajjiss tmi Ea`ual fr Autfeatkj efhi.
Z [Z XIE XIE- RIAH RIAH[ @- ^AJ ^AJGZ >>>>>
9.: EA@YAL F^IRAXKF@ F^IRAXKF@ EFHI Xmrfuom tmi EA@YAL efhi fc tmi eajmk`i, yfu ja` ahdust tmi cfreat cfrea t jma`oi a`h tmi jma`oi fc tmi riil ahdustei`t.
::
Jma pti r 9 - IL ILi jtrf`kj jtrf`kj b bfa fa rh
Xf sit tmi eajmk`i f` EA@YAL efhi priss tmi apprfprkati giy
.
Xmi cfllfwk`o vkhif hksplay wkll appiar a`h tmi cfllfwk`o giy cu`jtkf`s wkll bi ajtkvatih4
Cko. 9.:.1
C1
5
EA@Y
C2
5 E> 9
ZIALK@O AJXKSAXKF@
:8
Kt ajtkvatis tmi sialk`o bar efviei`t k` ea`ual efhi. ^riss C1 cfr f`i sijf`h tf pircfre a sialk`o jyjli . Xmks fpiratkf` ja` f`ly bi pircfreih wmi` tmi prftijtkf` ks jlfsih. AXXI@XKF@! Ea`ual efhi ks ajtkvi ivi` wmi` tmi prftijtkf` ks fpi`. CKLE HRAOOK@O AJXKSAXKF@
Kt ajtkvatis tmi hraook`o wmiil efviei`t k` ea`ual efhi. ^riss C2 k`tirektti`tly tf hrao tmi ckle k` tmi sialk`o aria. AXXI@XKF@! Ea`ual efhi ks ajtkvi ivi` wmi` tmi prftijtkf` ks fpi`.
AXXI@XKF@! K` EA@YAL efhi tmi u`wk`hir ks always ajtkvi. AXXI@XKF@! ZMFYLH XMI EA@YAL GI[ BI ^RIZZIH _MI@ XMI EAJMK@I F^IRAXIZ K@ AYXFEAXKJ EFHI, KX _KLL ^IRCFRE A ZXF^ ^RFJIHYRI BICFRI ^AZZK@O XF EA@YAL EFHI. XF RIXYR@ XF AYXFEAXKJ AYXFEAXK J EFHI ^RIZZ XMI GI[.
.
9.8 AYXFEAXKJ AYXFEAXKJ F^IRAXK@O EFHI As sff` as tmi riil mas bii` assieblih a`h tmi cfreat ahdustei`t mas bii` pircfreih tmi yfu ja` silijt tmi efhi.
.
Kt fpiratis tmrfuom tmi cfllfwk`o giys4
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea e a `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ ^=>>>JZ
Ztart tmi pajgaok`o jyjli
Ztfp tmi jyjli
AXXI@XKF@! Xmi eajmk`i f`ly fpiratis wmi` tmi hffr ks jlfsih. Bicfri pircfrek`o pfsskbli ahdustei`t fc riil, ckle fr prfhujt pfsktkf`k`o, hf `ft fpirati f` AYXFEAXKJ efhi but k` EA@YAL efhi.
9.9 CFREAX CFREAX ^ARAEIXIRZ
Ztar artk tk`o `o crfe crfe tmi tmi ei`u, i`u, pris priss s
tmi tmi cfll cfllfw fwk` k`o o hksp hkspla lay y wkll wkll ap appi piar ars s4
:9
Cko. 9.9.1
0C FREAX- ^ ARAE F^ IRAXFR IRAXFR-- EI@Y
^r ^ris iss s
a` a`h h sil silij ijtt tmi tmi cfre cfreat at wm wmkj kjm m smf smful ulh h bi bi efh efhkc kcki kih4 h4
Cko. 9.9.2
C FREAX- XF XF-- EFHK C [ * EF1 EFHIL
>1
tmi paraeitirs tmat wkll tmi` bi smfw` wkll ricir tf tmi cfreat k`hkjatih k` tmi sijf`h lk`i. Xmi (*) prijihk`o tmi cfreat typi sko`als tmat tmi hksplayih cfreat ks ajtkvi. Xmi paraeitirs ari autfeatkjally savih f` ixktk`o tmieiefry, ei`u. kt ks pfsskbli tf ahdust varkfus Kt ks pfsskbli tf stfri up tf 1> eiefrkis. K`skhi iajm paraeitirs
Jma pti r 9 - IL ILi jtrf`kj jtrf`kj b bfa fa rh
^riss
tf oit tf tmi cfllfwk`o hksplay4
Cko. 9.9.:
Ah tmi`
tf of tmrfuom tmi varkfus
0ZIA 0Z IALK LK @O- BAR
kties (ZIALK@O BAR, ^AJGAOI, AHDYZX
CKLE, F^XKF@Z, ZASI CFREAX).
^AJG
Zialk`o Zi alk`o bar4 ^rss
a`h tmi`
a`h of tmrfuom tmi varkfus subei`us4
1 • Xiepira epiraturi turi B1 Cko. 9.9.8
:3
XIE^ IRAXYR IRAXYRII- B1 W ¾J JUU > >> >>
Kt k`hkjatis tmi tiepiraturi k` ¾J at wmkjm tmi skhi sialk`o bar mas bii` sit. (ra`oi crfe +1>>¾J tf +:>>¾J7 rijfeei`hih4 +1;>¾J).
2 • Xiepiratur i B2 Cko. 9.9.9
XIE^ IRAXYR IRAXYRII- B2 W ¾ JU >> >> >
Kt k`hkjatis tmi tiepiraturi tiepiraturi k` ¾J at wmkjm tmi crf`t sialk`o bar mas bii` sit. (ra`oi crfe +1>>¾J tf +:>>¾J7 rijfeei`hih4 +1;>¾J).
: • Zialk` Zialk` o tke i Cko. 9.9.3
ZIALK LK @O- XIE^ ZIA WsU
> . > >> >>
Kt smfws tmi sialk`o tkei a`h ks ixprissih k` sijf`hs (ra`oi crfe > tf 3 sij.7 rijfeei`hih4 >,= sij.).
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
^ajgaoi4
^ris ^r isss
a` a`h h tm tmie ie
a` a`h h of tm tmrf rfuo uom m tm tmi i va vark rkfu fuss su sube bei` i`us us44
1 • Eultkpa ultkpajga jgaoi oi Cko. 9.9.?
EYLXK ^ AJG I@ABLIH
Kc kt ks I@ABLIH, tmi eajmk`i pajgaois pajgaois tmi prfhujt by usk`o tmi pajgs li`otm as a paraeitir7 kc kt ks HKZABLIH, tmi pajgaok`o prfjiss ks jf`trfllih by tmi k`ciih pmftfjills tmat jaljulati tmi pajg skzi. Xmi ajtkvatkf` fc tmi eultkpajg ks `ijissary wmi` tmi prfhujt ks jfepfsih fc efri tma` f`i lffsi pajg fr wmi` tmi pmftfjill ja` `ft hitijt tmi prfhujt li`otm jfrrijtly.
2 • ^ajgaoi li`otm li`ot m
:?
Cko. 9.9.=
^AJG^AJG- LI@OM LI@OMX W eeU >>>
^liasi sit tmi li`otm fc tmi pajg tf bi pajgaoih (kt ks fblkoatfry tf sit tmks paraeitir kc tmi eultkpajg cu`jtkf` ks i`ablih). Kc yfu sit a tff lfw valui as jfeparih tf tmi prfhujt skzi, tmi sialk`o bar wkll tfujm tmi prfhujt.
Ckle ahdustei`t
^riss
a`h tmie
a`h of tmrfuom tmi varkfus subei`us4
Ckle ahva`ji Cko. 9.9.;
C K LE- AHSA@JI W eeU >>>
Kt k`hkjatis tmi qua`tkty fc ckle tf bi u`rfllih bicfri tmi pajg (valui crfe > tf :>>ee). Kt ks rijfeei`hih tf i`tir a valui iqual tf at liast malc fc tmi prfhujt‛s mikomt a`h a`y way `ft liss tma` 1> ee.
Jma pti r 9 - IL ILi jtrf`kj jtrf`kj b bfa fa rh
: • Ckle hilay Cko. 9.9.1>
Xmks ks tmi qua`tkty fc ckle tf bi u`rfllih actir hitijtk`o tmi pajg i`h. (valui crfe > tf :>> ee7 kt ks rijfeei`hih tf i`tir a valui iqual tf malc fc tmi prfhujt‛s mikomt).
CK LE- HILA[ ILA[ W eeU
>>>
8 • Ckle riti`tkf` Cko. 9.9.11
Xmks paraeitir smfulh bi usih kc kt ks `ijissary tf rihuji tmi ckle ti`skf` k` tmi sialk`o zf`i, wmi` tmi pajgs ari viry mkom. _mi` tmi pajg ks f` tmi jf``ijtkf` bilt, kt :=
wkll bi hraw` bajg bicfri tmi sialk`o, k` frhir tf avfkh tmi ckle ti`skf`k`o. Xmi valui fc tmi paraeitir “ckle rijfviry“ smfulh bi ahhih alsf tf “ckle hilay―. Cfr ixaepli, kc yfu sit tmi valui 1>> k` tmi “ckle rijfviry―, yfu smfulh ahh 1>> ee tf tmi privkfusly sit valui “ckle hilay―.
CK LE- RIJF RIJFSIR[ W eeU >>>
9 • Bilts spiih spiih Cko. 9.9.12
Kt k`hkjatis tmi bilts spiih wktm riciri`ji tf tmi ratih spiih. BIL BILXX- Z^IIH W %U
>>>
Zit spiih C^3>>>JZ
9>%
1>>%
19>%
C^=>>>JZ
1> e/ek`
2> e/ek`
:> e/ek`
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
3 • Y`wk`hir tkei-fut Cko. 9.9.1:
RIIL- EFXFRXFR- HILA[ W es U >> >> >
Xmks ei`u rioulatis tmi riil-mflhir eftfr's tkei-fut paraeitir, actir tmi ckle hrkvi pmasi. Kt ks eia`t tf rihuji tmi ckle ti`skf`k`o k` tmi sialk`o zf`i. (ra`oi crfe > tf 1>>> es). Kt ks rijfeei`hih tf usi kt wmi` tmiri prfblies k` tmi sialk`o jfr`ir zf`i.ariKc sfei yfu ajtkvati tmks paraeitir, ahdust tmi ckle ahva`ji ajjfrhk`oly.
? • Ckle hrkvk`o hilay hilay Cko. 9.9.18
HRA HRAO O- HILA ILA[ W eeU >> >
Xmks paraeitir mas tmi cu`jtkf` tf rijfvir tmi ckle ixjiss f` tmi crf`t part (rioulatkf` crfe > tf 9> ee) Kt ks rijfeei`hih cfr tmi pajgk`o fc lfw prfhujts.
Fptkf`s
^rss
a`h tmie
a`h of tmrfuom tmi varkfus subei`us4
1 • Efvabli fvabli bilt bilt Cko. 9.9.19
EFBK LI- BILX I@ABLIH
tmks cu`jtkf` ks ajtkvatih, actir tmi sialk`o wktmfut a`y fbstajlis hui tf tmi sialk`o bar, tmi k`ciih jf`viyfur bilt oits lf`oir a`h apprfajmis tmi jf``ijtkf` bilt7 tma`gs tf tmks cu`jtkf`, kt ks iaskir tf tra`scir smfrt pajgaois. pajgaois. Xmks cu`jtkf` ks rijfeei`hih rijfeei`hih cfr prfhujts liss tma` ?> ee lf`o. Kc tmks paraeitir ks sit f` "HIAJXKSAXIH", tmi jf`viyfurs hf `ft apprfajm iajm ftmir. Xmks prfjiss rihujis tmi prfhujtkf` japajkty. japajkty. Xmks cu`jtkf` ks sta`harh f` tmi C^ 3>>>JZ a`h kt ks fptkf`al f` tmi C^=>>>JZ.
:;
Jma pti r 9 - IL ILi jtrf`kj jtrf`kj b bfa fa rh
2 • ^ajgaoi ahva`ji hitijtk f` Cko. 9.9.13
^ AJGJG- A^ ^ RFA RFAJM I@ABLIH
Kc tmks fptkf` mas bii` "I@ABLIH", tmi k`ciih jf`viyfr bilt giips ru``k`o u`tkl a`ftmir pajgaoi ks hitijtih. Kc "HKZABLIH", tmi k`ciih jf`viyfr bilt stfps f`ji tmi pajgaoi bik`o prfjissih passis tmi sialk`o zf`i.
@.B 4 Cfr pajgs wmfsi skzis ari fvir 1> je fr fr lfwir tma` 1 je, kt ks ahvksabli `f `ftt tf usi kt.
: • ^ajgaoi pirjiptkf` pirjipt kf` Cko. 9.9.1?
^AJG ^AJG-- RIAH RIAHK @O MFRK TF@XAL MF TF@XAL
Kc yfu sit "MFRKTF@XAL", tmi prisi`ji fc tmi pajg wkll bi hitijtih by tmi mfrkzf`tal pmftfjills. _i ahvksi tf pricir tmks cu`jtkf` efhi, as tmi eajmk`i fpiratis bittir. Xmks efhi ja` bi usih cfr pajgs mkomir tma` 2 je.
^AJG ^AJG-- RIAH RIAHK @O SIRXK JAL SIRXK JAL
Kc yfu sit "SIRXKJAL", tmi prisi`ji fc tmi pajg wkll bi hitijtih by tmi virtkjal pmftfjills.Kt smfulh bi usih cfr tmi prfhujts lfwir tma` 2 je.
8>
^AJG ^AJG-- RIAH RIAHK @O
MFRK T. + SIR IRXK XK J
Kc yfu silijt tmi fptkf` "MFRKTF@XAL+SIRXKJAL", tmi prisi`ji fc tmi pajg wkll bi hitijtih by bftm pmftfjills (tmi mfrkzf`tal f`i a`h tmi virtkjal f`i). _i ahvksi kts usi cfr smapih prfhujts, wmi` kt ks kepfsskbli tf fpirati wktm tmi eultkpajg i`ablih7 tmi eajmk`i fpiratk`o spiih eust bi ahiquatily rihujih.
8 • Ckle earg hitijtkf ` (F^X (F^XKF@ KF@AL) AL) Cko. 9.9.1=
Xmi ajtkvatkf` fc tmks paraeitir paraeitir riqukris tmi purjmasi fc tmi rilatkvi fptkf`al orfup― earg riahk`o orfup―.
CK C K LE- EARG ( ee)
>>>
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
9 • Raeps Raeps jf`tr fl Cko. 9.9.1;
Kc tmi cu`jtkf` ks HKZABLIH, tmi eajmk`i wkll fpirati k` tmi `freal-sta`harh efhi. Kc kt ks I@ABLIH, tmi start start a`h stfp raeps raeps fc tmi k`ciih bilt wkll bi efri orahual, k` frhir tf cajklktati tmi pajgaok`o fc stajgih pajgs.
EFXFRFXFR- RAE^ I@ABLIH
Kc tmks paraeitirfpirati ks i`ablih, tmi eajmk`i wkll autfeatkjally wktm tmi “pajg apprfajm― hksablih.
3 • Ru``k`o efhi Cko. 9.9.2>
Xmks ei`u allfws tf silijt tmi hiskrih wfrgk`o efhi. (Autfeatkj, siek-autfeatkj, ea`ual a`h passaoi crii)
F^ F^ IRAXK IRAXK F@ AYXFEAXK J AYXFE
81
Zavi Za vi cfr cfreat4 eat4 ^rss
tmi cfllfwk`o hksplay wkll appiar4
Cko. 9.9.21
@I_- C FREAX- @AE @AEI # EF1 EFHIL > 1
^riss
a`h, wktm tmi giys
a`h
,kt ks `fw pfsskbli tf vkiw tmi lkst fc all
tm tmii aava vaklklab abli li cf cfre reat ats. s. Zili Zilijt jt tm tmi i his hiskr krih ih cf cfre reat at a` a`h h pri priss ss Cko. 9.9.22
@I_- C FREAX- @AE @AEI EF1 EFHI FHIL > 1
tf jf jf`c `ckr kre. e.
Jma pti r 9 - IL ILi jtrf`kj jtrf`kj b bfa fa rh
Kt ks `fw pfsskbli tf efhkcy tmi cfreat `aei usk`o tmi arrfw giys. Efvi Ef vi bi bitw twii ii`` tmi tmi li litt ttir irss wktm wktm jmfsi`). ^riss tmi giy
a` a`hh a`h
ja`j ja`jil il tmi tmi siq siqui ui`j `ji, i, pri priss ss khi`tkckjatkf` by prissk`o
(a ha hasm sm wkll wkll k`hk k`hkja jati ti tm tmat at tm tmii litt littir ir ma mass bi bii` i` tf ru` tmrfuom tmi alpma`ueirkj jmarajtirs. jmarajtir s. Xf
cfr cfr f`i f`i sijf sijf`h `h,, ftm ftmir irwk wksi si jf` jf`ckckre re tm tmi i `iw `iw cf cfre reat at's 's .
9.3 F^IRAXFR EI@Y EI@Y Cr Crffe tm tmi ea eak` ei`u pri priss ss
a`h tm tmi ccf fllf llfwk` wk`o vkh vkhi if hk hksp spllay ap appiars4 rs4
Cko. 9.3.1
82
0 F^ IRA IRAXFR XFR-- EI@Y ZXA ZXAXK XK ZXK JZ- HAXA
^riss
k`
frhir
tf
hksplay
tmi
subei`u4
^ajgs jfu`tir Cko. 9.3.2
Kc yfu sit a paraeitir valui mkomir tma` >,
^ AJG JGZ Z - JF JFY Y@XI XIR R ]]]]]
tmi eajmk`i wklltfpajgaoi fc pajgs jfrrispf`hk`o tmi sita `uebir valui. Actir tmi eajmk`i mas riajmih tmi sit valui, kt wkll stfp a`h tmi paraeitir wkll bi sit f` >. Xmi eak` vkhif hksplay wkll hksplay tmi cfllfwk`o eissaoi4 • Kc yfu yfu sit sit a para paraei eitir tir valui valui mmkom komir ir tma` tma` >, tmi eajmk`i wkll pajgaoi a `uebir fc pajgs jfrrispf`hk`o tf tmi sit valui. Actir tmi eajmk`i mas riajmih tmi sit valui, kt wkll stfp a`h tmi paraeitir wkll bi sit f` >. • kc tmi tmi parae paraeiti itirr valui valui ks sit sit f` f` >4 >4 tmi tmi `uebir fc pajgs alriahy pajgaoih
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
Rieak`k` Ri eak`k` o pajgs Cko. 9.3.:
^AJG GZ RIEAK @K @O- ^AJ ]]]]]
Xmks vkhif f`ly hksplays tmi `uebir fc pajgs tf bi ma`hlih kc tmi ^AJGZ JFY@XIR mas bii` sit.
@FXIZ4 A`y ZXARX fr ZXF^ wkll `ft accijt tmi pajgs jfeputatkf`. Xmi pajgs jausk`o a`y
irrfrs ari `ft tagi` k`tf jf`skhiratkf`. K` frhir tmi risit tmi jfeputatkf`, pliasi ck`ksm tmi `uebir fc pajgs prforaeeih fr risit tmi valui fc ^AJGZ JFY@XIR.
9.? HAX HAXA HKZ^LA[ ^riss
tf oit tf tmi cfllfwk`o hksplay4
Cko. 9.?.1
At tmks pfk`t tmi cfllfwk`o paraeitirs ja` bi hksplayih4 0ZXAXK ZXK JZ- HAXA 0ZXAXK YX YXK LK X[
1 • Bars Bars tiepi tiepira raturi turi Cko. 9.?.2
B BA AR- XIE^ W ¾ JU B1 >>> - B2 >>>
Kt smfws tmi tiepiraturi fc tmi sialk`o bars (B15skhi sialk`o bar7 B25crf`t sialk`o bar).
2 • ^ajgaoi jfu `tir Cko. 9.?.:
Kt smfws tmi `uebir fc pajgaois prfjissih sk`ji tmi ajtkvatkf` fc tmi eajmk`i. ^ AUJGZ JGZ - > EA JM K@ ^A W@ > JMK > >> >> > IH > > >> >>
8:
Jma pti r 9 - IL ILi jtrf`kj jtrf`kj b bfa fa rh
: • ^ajgaoi li`otm li`ot m hitijtk f` Cko. 9.?.8
Kt smfws tmi hitijtih pajgaoi li`otm. L LI@O I@OM MX- EIAZY IAZYRI ^AJ ^AJGW eeU >>>
8 • Aviraoi pajgaoi li`ot m Cko. 9.?.9
Kt smfws tmi aviraoi li`otm fc tmi pajgaois prfjissih. ^A ^AJGJG- LI@OM LI@OMX ASIRAO IRAOIW eeU
>>>
9 • ^rk`t ji`tirk`o
88
Cko. 9.?.3
Xmi valui ja` f`ly bi ajtkvatih wmi` tmi earg riahk`o ks i`ablih.
RG-- FC C Z IX EARG ee ]]]
3 • K`sta`ta`ifus K`sta`ta`ifus prfhu jtkf` rati Cko. 9.?.?
Kt istkeatis tmi `uebir fc pajgaois wmkjm ja` bi prfjissih k` f`i ek`uti. Z@A^ - ^RFH Z@A^ ^RFHYJXK F@ W @/ ek ` U >> . >
? • Aviraoi Aviraoi prfhuj tkf` Cko. 9.?.=
Kt smfws tmi `uebir fc pajgaois prfjissih A AS SR- ^ RFH RFHYJXK F@ W @/ ek ` U > >. >. >
pir ek`utiprfjissih by jf`skhirk`o tmi ajtkvatkf` tftal fc tmi pajgaois sk`ji tmi fc tmi eajmk`i.
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
= • K`sta`ta`ifus K`sta`ta`ifus icckj icckj ki`jy Cko. 9.?.;
Z@A^ZMFX ICCK ICCK JK I@J[W %U >> >
^irji`taoi fc tmi pajgaois wmkjm ja` bi prfjissih by tmi eajmk`i, jaljulatih wktm rioarhs tf tmi eajmk`i's wfrgk`o tkei a`h assissih aoak`st a` aviraoi fc :9 pajgaois pir ek`uti.
; • Aviraoi icckj ki`jy Cko. 9.?.1>
ASIRAOI ICCK ICCK JK I@J[W %U >> >
^irji`taoi fc tmi pajgaois wmkjm mavi bii` prfjissih fvir tmi eajmk`i's i`tkri wfrgk`o tkei, fr sk`ji tmi last hata RIZIX fpiratkf`, a`h assissih aoak`st a` aviraoi fc :9 pajgaois pir ek`uti.
1> • A`fealfus pajgaois jfu`t ir
89
Cko. 9.?.11
A@F A@FE EALFYZ ALFYZ - ^ AJGZ AJGZ W @U > > > >> >> >
Kt smfws tmi `uebir fc pajgaois wmkjm mavi riqukrih a eajmk`i stfp fr wmkjm hkh `ft jf`cfre tf tmi skzi lkekts sit cfr tmi cfreat u`hir prfhujtkf`.
11 • K`tir` K`tir` al tiepiratu ri Cko. 9.?.12
Kt smfws tmi k`tir`al tiepiraturi fc tmi jf`trfl jarh. K @XIR@A XIR@AL XIE^W ¾ JU
>> >
12 • ^ajgaoi tftal Cko. 9.?.1:
XFXA XFXALL- ^ AJGZ JGZ W @U > > > > >> > > > > >> >>
Kt smfws tmi tftal `uebir fc pajgaois prfjissih up tf tmi jmijg. Xmks jfu`t ja``ft bi risit tf zirf.
Jma pti r 9 - IL ILi jtrf`kj jtrf`kj b bfa fa rh
1: • Hata Hata risittk` o Cko. 9.?.18
Xmi silijtkf` fc RIZIXRIZI X- HAXA @F - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -
risits al all tmi hata
hksplayih k` tmi ei`u "HKZ^LA[ HAXA".
9.= Z[ZXIE ZIXY^ Zta tart rtk` k`o o crf crfe e tmi tmi priv privkf kfus us ei`u ei`u,, sil silij ijtt
tm tmi i cfl cfllf lfwk wk`o `o eiss eissao aoi i wkl wklll bi bi hks hkspl play ayih ih44
Cko. 9.=.1
^riss
tf oit tf tmi cfllfwk`o hksplay4
K @ZIRX- ^AZZ ^AZZ _FRH ----------------
83
Cko. 9.=.2
AJX- LIS LISIL ^ AZZ AZZ _FRH
W 1U ]]]]]
Kt ks `fw pfsskbli tf i`tir tmi passwfrh ^RFOR tf ajtkvati tmi YXKLKXKIZ EI@Y a`h tmi Z[ZXIE ^ARAEIXIRZ ^ARAEIXIRZ EI@Y.
^asswfrh jma`oi4 ^riss
a`h tmie
a`h efvi trfuom
1 • Livi Livill 2 ^ ^a asswfrh sswfrh Cko. 9.=.:
LIS LISIL ^ AZZ _FRH
W 2U >>>>>
Kt allfws yfu tf jma`oi tmi passwfrh tf i`tir tmi ei`u CFREAX ^ARAEIXIRZ7 Xmi hicault passwfrh ks ^RFOR.
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
2 • Livil : ^asswfrh Cko. 9.=.8
Y`usabli by tmi usir. LIS LISIL ^ AZZ _FRH
W :U >>>>>
AXXI@XKF@!
KKc tmi II^RFE ks risit, risit, tmi hicault passwfrhs passwfrhs ari risit.. risit..
9.; YXKLKX[ Crfe rfe tmi tmi eak` ei`u pris riss
a`h a`h tmi tmi cf cflllfwk lfwk` `o vkh vkhif hksp ksplay lay aap ppiars4 rs4
Cko. 9.;.1
^riss 0Y 0YX XK LK X[ Z[ Z [Z XIE- ^ ARAE RAE
a`h
k`sirt
tm tmi
passwfrh
“^RFOR― a`h tmi cfllfwk`o vkhif hksplay appiars4
Cko. 9.;.2
0ZIX 0ZIX-- LJH LJH JFEY@K JAXK JAXK F@
a`h tmi` priss tf sjrfll tmi varkfus kties (ZIX LJH a`h JFEEY@KJAXKF@Z a`h JMA@OI ^A ^AZZ_FRH) a` a`h i`tir tmi riqukrih pull-hfw` ei`u.
Zit LJH4 ^riss
a`h tma`
a`h sjrfll tmi vkhif hksplays4
1 • L a` a` ou ou ao ao i Cko. 9.;.:
Ei`u tmat sits tmi la`ouaoi. LA@OYAOI
I@OLK ZM I@O
tf
8?
Jma pti r 9 - IL ILi jtrf`kj jtrf`kj b bfa fa rh
2 • Hata lf jg Cko. 9.;.8
AJX- HAXAXA- BLFJG BLFJG @F
Kc yfu silijt [IZ, kt wkll bi pfsskbli tf jma`oi tmi paraeitirs ixjluskvily k` tmi ei`u ^RFOR. _mi` yfu liavi tmks ei`u, kt wkll `ft bi pfsskbli tf efhkcy tmi hata a`y lf`oir, but f`ly tf riah tmie. up ks @F, wmkjm eia`s tmat ktXmikssta`harh alwayssit pfsskbli tf efhkcy tmi paraeitirs.
: • Risit Risit hks play Cko. 9.;.9
RIZ- HK Z^LA Z^ LA[ [ AL_A[Z A[Z - F@
@F @F
Kc @F ks sit tmi systie ristarts crfe tmi last lk`i hksplayih cfr efri tma` 9 ek`utis, fr ilsi kt ristarts crfe tmi startk`o ei`u.
8= 8 • Always f` Cko. 9.;.3
Kc [IZ ks sit tmi hksplay hksplay lkomt ks always always f`, fr ilsi kt ofis fcc actir a 2 ek`uti k`ajtkvkty. AL_A[Z A[Z - F@ @F - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -
Jfeeu`kjatkf`s4 ^riss
a`h tmie
a`h efvi tmrfuom tmi hksplays4
1 • Hata tra`sci tra`scirrk`o rrk`o Cko. 9.;.?
Xra`seksskf` fc all tmi hata stfrih f` tmi II^RFE. Kt ks pfsskbli tf tra`scir all tmi hata jf`jir`k`o tmi cfreats as will as tmi
HAXA XRA@ XRA@Z EK Z ZK F@
@F
systie a`h jf`ckouratkf` paraeitirs. paraeitirs.
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
2 • Hata rijiptk f` Cko. 9.;.=
HAXA RIJIK RIJIK SI
@F
Rijiptkf` fc all tmi hata stfrih f` tmi II^RFE. Kt ks pfsskbli tf rijikvi all tmi hata jf`jir`k`o tmi cfreats as will as tmi systie a`h jf`ckouratkf` paraeitirs.
: • Mfst Lk`g Cko. 9.;.;
Ajtkvatis jfeeu`kjatkf` tf k`tir`al Mfst. MF MFZX- LK @G
@F
8 • _aktk`o cfr lk`g Cko. 9.;.1>
8;
_AK X- CFR CFR- LK @G W ek ` U > >> >>
Xmi eaxkeue mflhk`o tkei fc tmi lk`g wktmfut k`cfreatkf` ixjma`oi ks sit
9.1> Z[ZXIE ^ARAEIXIRZ Crfe rfe tmi tmi YXKL YXKLKX KXKI KIZ Z EI@Y, I@Y, priss riss
tf oit ttff tm tmii cf cflllfwk lfwk` `o hksp ksplay4 lay4
Cko. 9.1>.1
^riss 0Z 0Z[ [Z XIE- ^ ARAE RAE JF@ JF@CK O- ^ARA ^ARAE E
Bar pfsktkf` 1 • Zialk` lk`o o prissur prissuri i
^riss
tf oi oit tf tf tm tmi cf cfllfwk`o hk hksplay4
a`h tmie
k` frhir tf of
tmrfuom tmi kties lkst fc tmi ei`u (BAR ^FZKXKF@ a`h CLY]).
Jma pti r 9 - IL ILi jtrf`kj jtrf`kj b bfa fa rh
Cko. 9.1>.2
0BA 0BAR- ^FZK ^FZK X. CLF_
^r ^riiss
tf oit tf tmi tmi cfll cfllf fwk` wk`o hksp ksplay4 lay4
Cko. 9.1>.:
ZIA Z IALK LK @O ^RIZZY ^RIZZYR RIW %U
9>
Kt k`hkjatis tmi `ijissary prissuri cfr sialk`o, as jfeparih tf tmi eaxkeue avaklabli prissuri. Xmi hicault prissuri ks sit at 9> %7 kts valui ja` jma`oi crfe > tf 1>>%.
9>
Clux ^riss
tf oit tf tmi cfllfwk`o hksplay4
Cko. 9.1>.8
^riss 0CLF_ - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - -
a`h tmiek
tf of tmrfuom
tmi hkcciri`t kties (I@H FC CLY] XKEIFYX, AJJYEYLAXKF@ XKEI-FYX).x Quistf paraeitrf í attkvabkli jf`tatta`hf la ZEK^AJG Z.p.A sflf jf` l‛ajqukstf hil oruppf fptkf`al (Zii at ?.=“F^XK “F^XKF@AL― F@AL― at pao. pao. 1>2)
1 • I`h fc clux tkei tkei--fut Cko. 9.1>.9
I@ I@H H- CLF_ CLF_ AJ AJXK SAXK F@W s U >>
Kc tmi k`lit pmftfilijtrkj jill mas `ft hitijtih a`y k`jfek`o pajgaoi cfr a sit tkei, tmi eajmk`i ofis f` "^AYZI" a`h tmi jfrrispf`hk`o irrfr war`k`o "I@H FC CLY]" wkll bi hksplayih.
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
2 • Ajjue ulatkf` tkei-fut Cko. 9.1>.3
AJJYEYLAXK F@ AJJYE AJ AJXK SAXK F@W s U >>
Kt ricirs tf tmi eaxkeue tkei hurk`o wmkjm tmi pmftfilijtrkj jill ja` bi fbsjurih by tmi pajgaoi. Actir tmks sit tkei, tmi eajmk`i ofis f` "^AYZI" a`h tmi jfrrispf`hk`o jfrrispf`hk `o irrfr war`k`o "FYXLIX-AJJYEYLAX" wkll bi hksplayih
: • ^ri-k`lit i`ablih Cko. 9.1>.?
Ei`u i`ablk`o tmi rilay wmkjm k`hkjatis tmat tmi k`ciih jf`viyfur ks slkhk`o. ^RI^RI- K @LIX LIX I@ABLIH
91 8 • Eultkcu` jtkf` rilay rilay jf`tr fl Cko. 9.1>.=
EFHALK X[X[- RILA[ RILA[- 8 @F@I
Kc yfu silijt @F@I, tmi rilay ks `ft ajtkvi. Kc yfu silijt ^RK@XIR, tmi rilay 8 okvis a` kepulsi fc 9>> es sy`jmrf`kzih wktm tmi sialk`o.
9.11 ^ARXKJYLAR JFEBK@AXKF@ FC XMI GI[Z +
cf cfrr 1 si sijf jf`h `h44 wmi wmi` ` a si sial alk` k`o o jyj jyjli li `i `iih ihss tf tf bi bi pir pircf cfre reih ih k` frhi frhirr ttf f jmi jmijg jg
tmi eajmk`i's wfrgk`o jf`hktkf`s. Xmks cu`jtkf` ks ajtkvi k` tmi autfeatkj a`h siek-autfeatkj siek-autfeatkj efhis a`h hurk`o tmi sialk`o bars' miatk`o up prfjiss as will.
9.12 IEIROI@J[ ^YZM-BYXXF@ _mi` tmi eajmk`i ks stfppih wktm tmi ieiroi`jy pusm buttf`, all fpiratkf fpiratkf`s `s ari stfppih. Xf ristfri, priss tmi pusm buttf`
Jma pti r 9 - IL ILi jtrf`kj jtrf`kj b bfa fa rh
9.1: EAJMK@I ZXA ZXAXIZ Actir tmi L-Zialir mas bii` startih, tmi vkhif wkll hksplay a wiljfek`o eissaoi eissaoi ckrst, a`h tmi` tmi "EAJMK@I "EAJMK@ I ZXAXI", ZXAXI", wmkjm ks eia`t tf prfvkhi a hisjrkptkf` hisjrkptk f` fc tmi C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ Zialir's pircfrea`ji. Xmi eajmk`i statis ari tmi cfllfwk`o4 • ZX ZXF^ F^ K@ ^RFOR RFORI IZZ
Xmi eajmk`i ks ru``k`o a stfppk`o prfjihuri jf`skstk`o k` tirek`atk`o tmi pajgaoi bik`o prfjissih a`h ieptyk`o tmi jf``ijtk`o bilt. • EAJM AJMK@I ZXF ZXF^^IH
Xmi eajmk`i ks stfppih. Xmi stfppk`o prfjihuri mas bii` ajtkvatih fr altir`atkvily a` irrfr mas fjjurrih. • ZX ZXARX ARX-Y -Y^ ^ K@ ^RFO ^RFORI RIZZ ZZ
Xmi eajmk`i ks ru``k`o tmi start-up prfjihuri, wmkjm jf`sksts k` lfahk`o tmi hata rilatk`o tf tmi wfrgk`o efhi silijtih. • ^A YZI
Kc tmi "I@H FC CLY] XKEI-FYX" fr tmi "AJJYEYLAXKF@ XKEI-FYX" paraeitirs mavi bii` ajtkvatih, tmi eajmk`i ofis f` pausi u`tkl a pajgaoi ks hitijtih f` tmi k`ciih jf`viyfr bilt fr tmi ajjueulatkf` mas bii` riefvih crfe mi eajmk`i futlit. • BAR BARZ Z MIAXK@O Y^
Xmkstmi eissaoi ks jf`trfllih by a varkabli earok` fc bar miatk`o up tiepiraturi fc ± 1> ¾J f` sit tiepiraturi. 92
Xmi pajgaois wkll `ft bi prfjissih u`tkl tmi wfrgk`o tiepiraturi mas bii` riajmih.
CFREAX ^ARAEIXIRZ EI@Y ZXRYJXYRI
_mkti paoi
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
JMA^XIR 3 - EAJMK@I YZI 3.11 K@XI 3. K@XI@ @XIH XIH YZ YZI I Xmi C^3>>>JZ a`h C^=>>>JZ L-Zialir mas bii` hisko`ih, jf`strujtih a`h sflh cfr tmi pajgaok`o fc a hkvirkskckih ra`oi fc cffh pajgaois, sujm as bfttlis, dars, ja`s, itj., by eia`s fc smrk`g-wrappk` smrk`g-wrappk`o o prfjihuri. Kt ks cfrbkhhi` tf4 • Efhk Efhkcy cy tmi tmi eaj eajmk mk`i `i jy jyjl jli7 i7 • Ys Ysi i `f` `f` frk frkok ok`a `all ppar arts ts77 • Efhkcy Efhkcy tmi ilijtrkja ilijtrkjall jf``ijtkf jf``ijtkf`s `s tf by-pa by-pass ss tmi k`tir`a k`tir`all sacitkis7 sacitkis7 • Riefvi Riefvi tmi prftij prftijtkf tkf`s `s k`sta k`stalli llih h Bicfri pircfrek`o a`y efhkckjatkf` kt ks `ijissary tf jf`tajt ZEK^AJG Z.p.A. tf fbtak` tmi riliva`t autmfrkzatkf`. autmfrkzatkf`. AXXI@XKF@! Kt ks ` ft pfss kbli tf/[ tf/[fu fu ja` `ft pajga pajgaoi oi a`ytmk`o cfr wmkjm tmi eajmk`i ks `ft arra`oih arra`oih fr wmkj m ekomt bi ha`oirfus ha`oirfus cfr tmi usir fr cfr tmi eajmk`i
3.2 F^IRA F^IRAXK@ XK@O O ^RK@ ^RK@JK^ JK^LIZ LIZ Xmi C^3>>>JZ a`h C^=>>JZ L-Zialir mas bii` hisko`ih cfr tmi pajgaok`o fc lffsi as will as assieblih prfhujts by eia`s fc ji`tircflhih smrk`g ckle. Xmi eajmk`i ja` bi fpiratih by a tijm`kjka` fr altir`atkvily kt ja` bi dfk`ih tf ftmir eajmk`is f` tmi prfhujtkf` lk`i. Xmi C^3>>>JZ a`h C^=>>JZ ks jmarajtirkzih by tmrii hkcciri`t fpiratk`o efhis4 •
Ea` u al ef ef h i4
tmi eajmk`i's u`kts ari ajtkvatih by silijtk`o tmi jfrrispf`hk`o syebfl4 (Zii at 9.2“ZXARXK@O 9.2“ZX ARXK@O Y^ XMI EAJMK@I― tf pao. :2) •
Ziekek-au tf tf ea eatkj tkj ef efh hi i44
a `iw prfhujtkvi jyjli ks startih k` jf`cfrekty wktm privkfusly sit paraeitirs iviry tkei tmi ZXARX pusm-buttf` ks prissih7 •
Aut f fe e at k j e f h i4
wmi` tmi ZXARX pusm-buttf` ks prissih, tmi eajmk`i sits ktsilc f` jf`tk`ufus wfrgk`o efhuli k` ajjfrha`ji wktm tmi privkfusly sit paraeitirs7 •
^as s ao i c r ii4
by prissk`o tmi ZXARX pusm-buttf` tmi jf`viyfr a`h futlit bilts ari ajtkvatih, wmkli tmi sialk`o bar efvis upwarh tf kts mkomist pfsktkf`. All fpiratkf`s jf`jir`k`o tmi prfhujtkvi jyjli ja` bi efhkckih a`h jf`trfllih crfe tmi jf`trfl pa`il. Xmks aspijt mas assurihly ahhih tf tmi i`ma`jih virsatklkty fc tmi eajmk`i, wmkjm eay bi u`hfubtihly jf`skhirih suktabli cfr tmi pajgaok`o fc a wkhi ra`oi fc prfhujts k` tmikr hkvirskckih smapis a`h hkei`skf`s.
3.: ZIXY^ Xmi eajmk`i smfulh `ft `iih a`y partkjular ahdustei`ts bicfri bik`o put k`tf prfhujtkf`, as ktahvksih mas alriahy bii` tistih by fur pirsf``il at fur Kt ks a`ymfw tf jmijg iajm part,a`h a`hjalkbratih tf jarry fut tmi tijm`kjal ahdustei`ts ahdustei`t s wmkjm eay bipla`t. riqukrih, k` frhir tf i`suri tmat tmi eajmk`i ru`s prfpirly7 hurk`o tra`spfrtatkf` a`h ma`hlk`o, k` cajt, briagaois fr hksplajiei`ts k` tmi jf`trfl a`h fpiratk`o systies eay mavi tagi` plaji.
99
Jma ptir 3 - Eajmk`i Eajmk`i u si
3.8 JMIJGK@O JMIJGK@O CFR OFFH OFFH F^IRA F^IRAXK@O XK@O JF JF@HKXKF@ @HKXKF@Z Z 1 • Bilt Bilt sijt sijtkf kf` `4
• Jmijg Jmijg tmi jf`vi jf`viyfr yfr bilts bilts cfr cfr pfsskb pfsskbli li haeao haeaois. is. • Jmijg Jmijg kc tmi rfl rfllir lirss ari efvk` efvk`o o criil criilyy. • Jmijg Jmijg tmat all tmi bilts bilts mavi mavi a lk`iar lk`iar efviei`t efviei`t a`h tmat tmat tmiri tmiri ari `f briagao briagaois, is, tiark`o tiark`o fr cflhs tmat ja` privi`t tmi `freal fpiratkf`. 2 • ^`iueatkj sijtk f`4
• Xist tmi tmi akr pkpis pkpis a`h jmijg jmijg tmat tmiri tmiri ari `f `f liagaoi liagaois. s. • Jmijg Jmijg tmat tmi pkpis pkpis ari `ft `ft hksjf`` hksjf``ijti ijtih h crfe tmi ckttk` ckttk`os. os. • Jlia Jlia` ` tmi tmi cklt ckltir ir f` f` tmi tmi akr akr hujt hujt.. • Jmijg Jmijg tmat tmat tmiri tmiri ks ks `f wati watirr k` tmi tmi akr akr ckltir ckltir..
3.9 3.9 HA@OI HA@OIRFY RFYZ Z ARIAZ ARIAZ • Hf `ft `ft tfujm tfujm tmi ahmiskvi ahmiskvi tapi tapi riil wmkli wmkli kt ks u`wk`h u`wk`hk`o. k`o. • Hf `ft usi usi tmi eajmk` eajmk`i i kc tmiri ari ari a`y briaga briagaois ois tf eijma` eijma`kjal kjal fr ilijtr ilijtrkj kj eiebirs. eiebirs. • Hf `ft `ft usi tmi tmi eajmk eajmk`i `i wktm wktm prftijtk prftijtkf`s f`s fpi` fpi` fr hksjf`` hksjf``ijti ijtih. h. 93
• Hurk`o Hurk`o start-up start-up prfjihu prfjihuri ri cfr siarjmk` siarjmk`o o tmi pfsktkf pfsktkf` ` fc tmi bar, bar, tmi tmi sacity sacity hivkjis hivkjis hf `ft wfrg. Giip tmiricfri a` apprfprkati hksta`ji crfe tmi saei partkis. • Xmi sialk` sialk`o o bar ks a efvk`o efvk`o eijma eijma`kjal `kjal part part a`h a`h ja` prfvfgi prfvfgi juts juts a`h sgk` sgk` bur`s. bur`s. • AXXI@XKF@! AXXI@XKF@! K` autfeatkj efhi a`h hurk`o tmi bar ahdustei`t fpiratkf` hf `ft put yfur ma`hs cfr a`y riasf` k`skhi tmi ckle smapi trka`olis.
3.3 CFREA CFREAXX JMA@ JMA@OI OI K@ZXRY K@ZXRYJXKF JXKF@Z @Z Xf jma`oi tmi eajmk`i‛s cfreat tmat ks bik`o eajmk`ih, cfllfw tmks p rfjihuri4
•
EIJM EIJMA@KJ A@KJAL AL CFR CFREA EAX X JM JMA@O A@OI I ^RFJ ^RFJIH IHYR YRI I
1 • Ahdust tmi jf`viyfr bilt's wkhtm aj-
jfrhk`o tf tmi pajgaoi's skzi (Zii at 8.1“AHDYZXK@O XMI BILX XF XMI ^RFHYJX'Z ^RFHYJ X'Z _KHXM― _KHXM― tf pao. 2:).
2 • Ahdust tmi uppir squari's mikomt aj-
jfrhk`o tf tmi prfhujt's (Zii at 8.2“AHDYZXK@O XMI MIKOMX―― tf pao. 2:) MIKOMX
^AJGAOI
: • Riplaji tmi ckle riil wmi` `ijis-
sary (Zii at 8.:“^FZKXKF@K@O FC XMI CKLE RIIL― RIIL― tf pao. pao. 28) 8 • Rioulati tmi ckle wk`hk`o rfllir (Zii at 8.?“AHDYZXK@O XMI CKLE ZI^ARAXK@O RFHZ― tf
pao. pa o. 23 23)) pao. 2?) 9 • Rioulati tmi sjrap oukhi hivkji (Zii at 8.1>“sjrap CKLE OYKHI HISKJI― tf pao. •
ILIJX ILIJXRF RF@K @KJ JC CFR FREA EAX X JMA@ JMA@OI OI ^RFJ ^RFJIH IHYR YRI I
9.?“HAXA A HKZ^LA[― HKZ^LA[― tf pao. 8:) 1 • Zit tmi paraeitirs cfr tmi `iw cfreat (Zii at 9.?“HAX
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
JMA^XIR ? - EAK@XI@A@JI A@H RI^AKRZ AXXI@XKF@! Bicfri biok`k`o a`y typi fc eak`ti`a`ji fpiratkf` k`hkjatih k` tmks jmaptir, u`liss ftmirwksi riqukrih, swktj m fcc tmi eajmk`i, swktjm vfltaoi fcc ajtk`o f` tmi eak` swktjm, pull fut tmi pfwir supply jabli crfe tmi eak`s a`h hksjf``ijt tmi tubi tmat ciihs cii hs t mi p`iueatkj p`iueatkj pla`t.
?.1 X[^I FC JMIJGK@O CRIQYI@J[ A@H EAK@XI@A@JI F^IRAXKF@Z Xab. ?.1.1
HAKL[ EAK@XI@A@JI JMARX (12 MFYRZ FC _FRGK@O) K@CIIH JF@SI[FR BILX JF@@IJXK@O BILX
Riefvi jartf` a`h prfhujt riskhuals wktm jfeprissih akr Jlia` tmi si`sfr‛s li`s a`h ritrfriclijtfrs Riefvi jartf` a`h prfhujt riskhuals wktm jfeprissih akr Jlia` tmi efvabli prftijtkf`s wktm sfct jlftms a`h ware watir
^RFXIJXKF@Z
Eagi suri tmat tmi sacitkis a`h sko`allk`o a`h war`k`o hivkjis ari fpiratk`o jfrrijtly Jmijg cfr pfsskbli briagaoi f` tmi juttir
ZIALK@O Y@KX
Jlia` tmi blahi Zwktjm fcc tmi eajmk`i vfltaoi Riefvi tmi ckle riil
EAJMK@I JLIA@K@O
Ysi ware watir wktmfut prissuri a`h eagi suri yfu hf `ft hkrijtly spray tmi ilijtrkj a`h ilijtrf`kj jfepf`i`ts Ysi sfct jlftms tf hry tmi eajmk`i kc kt ks stkll wit
^AJGAOI HIXIJXK@O ^MFXFILIJXRKJ JILLZ Y@KX
Jlia` tmi jf`viyfr bilt's pmftfilijtrkj jills wktm a sfct jlftm
Xab. ?.1.2
EF@XML[ EAK@XI@A@AJI JMARX (28> MFYRZ FC _FRGK@O)
Xi`skf` a`h lk`i up tmi bilts JF@SI[FR A@H JF@@IJXK@O BILXZ
CKLE HRKSK@O BILX Y@KX
Riplaji tmi bilts wmi` `ijissary (k` jasi fc lajiratkf`s fr miavy wiar) Jmijg tmi tkomti`k`o pulliy Jmijg tmi bilt tkomti`k`o Riplaji tmi bilts kc tmiy ari jut fr wfr`
9?
Jma ptir ? - Ea Ea k`ti`a `ji a `h ripa krs
Xab. ?.1.2
^RFXIJXKF@Z
Jlia` tmi sacity a`h tmi ieiroi`jy swktjmis Eagi suri tmat tmi p`iueatkj parts ari wfrgk`o jfrrijtly
ZIALK@O Y@KX
Jmijg tmi stati fc tmi ^XCI a`h fc tmi sklkjf`i
Y^^IR ZQYARI
Lubrkjati tmi dfk`t miahs fc tmi sialk`o bar Lubrkjati all efvk`o parts
Xab ?.1.:
MALC-[IAR MAL C-[IAR EAK@XI@A@JI JMARX (19>> MFYRZ FC _FRGK@O)
Eagi suri tmat tmi rfllirs ari `iktmir eagk`o a` a`fealfus `fksi `fr fvirmiatk`o Jlia` a`h lubrkjati tmi hrkvi smact K@CIIH JF@SI[FR BILX
Eagi suri tmat tmi si`sfrs ari prfpirly wfrgk`o Eagi suri tmat tmi oukhis slkhi sefftmly Jmijg tmi bilt's wiar jf`hktkf`s a`h riplaji kt wmi` `ijissary
9=
Jmijg tmi rfllirs' lubrkjatkf` k` jasi fc a`fealfus `fksi fr fvirmiatk`o JF@@IJXK@O BILX
Jmijg tmi bilt's wiar jf`hktkf`s a`h riplaji kt wmi` `ijissary Zfstktukri kl `astrf si usuratf Riplaji tmi blahi
CKLE HRKSK@O BILX
Jmijg tmi rfllirs' lubrkjatkf` k` jasi fc a`fealfus `fksi fr fvirmiatk`o Riplaji tmi wfr` parts Riplaji tmi blahi
ZIALK@O Y@KX
Jlia` a`h lubrkjati tmi efvk`o parts Jmijg a`y a`fealfus `fksi
ZJRA^ _K@HIR ORFY^
Riplaji tmi bilt kc kt ks jut fr wfr` Jmijg a`y a`fealfus `fksi
Aef`o tmi eak`ti`a`ji jmijgs a`h fpiratkf`s fc oi`iral `aturi tmiri ari4 • Lubrkjatkf` • Jlia`k`o • Jmijgs Jmijgs fc fc tmi war`k war`k`o `o a`h a`h sko` sko`all allk`o k`o hivk hivkjis jis • Jmijgs Jmijgs fc fc sacity sacity a`h a`h ieiro ieiroi` i`jy jy hivk hivkjis jis
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
?.2 RI^LAJK@O XMI ZIALK@O BLAHI K` frhir tf riplaji tmi sialk`o blahi, riefvi tmi sialk`o bar's k`skhi a`h futskhi ma`h prftijtkf`s by u`sjriwk`o tmi sjriws 1. Xmi` riefvi tmi sjriws 2 crfe tmi k`skhi fc tmi u`kt a`h riplaji tmi haeaoih blahi. Cko. ?.2.1
9;
Eagi suri tmat tmi sialk`o blahi mas bii` jfrrijtly pfsktkf`ih by jmijgk`o tmat tmi hksta`ji bitwii` tmi blahi's ihoi a`h tmi lfwir skhi fc tmi craei ks fc => ee. Cko. ?.2.2
Jma ptir ? - Ea Ea k`ti`a `ji a `h ripa krs
?.: RI^LAJK@O XMI BRAGI ZMFIZ K` frhir tf riplaji tmi jf`trast sklkjf`i, riefvi tmi ^XCI 17 tagi fcc tmi sklkjf`i, payk`o atti`tkf` `ft tf riefvi tmi bkahmiskvi tapi. Jut tmi `iw sklkjf`i prfckli, wmkjm eust bi as lf`o as tmi flh f`i. Actir jlia`k`o tmi sklkjf`i wktm a sflvi`t, k`sirt kt k` kts oukhi a`h eagi suri kt pircijtly ahmiris tf tmi bkahmiskvi tapi. Jfat tmi sklkjf`i wktm tmi ^XCI a`h wrap tmi sklkjf`i i`hs ] a`h [, k` frhir tf avfkh tmi ^XCI jfek`o fcc tmi sklkjf`i (sii bilfw pkjturi). Cko. ?.:.1
3>
ZKHI A
ZKHI B
?.8 AHDYZXEI@X FC XMI ZIALK@O RFH ^LA@ARKX[ Cko. ?.8.1
Xmi ckle ja` bi pircijtly sialih wmi` tmi blahis tmfrfuomly ahmiri tf tmi jfeparksf` bar. Xmiy ja` bi ahdustih by eia`s fc tmi tmriahih bars 1 wmkjm ari eia`t tf giip tmie k` plaji f`tf tmi blahi-mflhk`o craei. Riefvi tmi smiit prftijtkf` 2 tf pircfre tmks fpiratkf`. Eagi suri tmat tmi blahi a`h tmi jfeparksf` bar pircijtly ahmiri alf`o tmikr i`tkri li`otms.Xmi twf craeis fc tmi sialk`o bar wkll allfw a pircijt sialk`o wmi`, f` jlfsk`o, tmiy ari cfu`h tf bi pircijtly mfrkzf`tal. Kc `ijissary, rioulati tmi tki rfhs fc bftm tmi sialk`o bar a`h tmi jfeparksf` bar.
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
?.9 AHDYZXK@O XMI ZIALK@O BAR‛Z ZI@ZFRZ Cko. ?.9.1
K` frhir tf riplaji tmi sialk`o bar‛s si`sfrs, hksjf``ijt tmie crfe tmi jabli attajmih tf tmi uppir craei. F`ji tmi si`sfrs mavi bii` riplajih, ahdust tmi mikomt sf tmat tmi eijma`kjal suppfrt ks hitijtih bicfri tmi sialk`o1 bar passis kts sit wfrgk`o lkekts.
?.3 JFRRIJX BILXZ XI@ZKF@K@O XI@ZKF@K@O Cko. ?.3.1
31
Kc tmi k`ciih jf`viyfr bilt a`h tmi jf``ijtk`o bilt mavi `ft bii` prfpirly ti`skf`ih, kt eay mappi` tmat sff`ir fr latir tmiy dae. K` frhir tf avfkh tmks prfblie, ajt f` sjriws 1 a`h 2 tf jfrrijtly alko` tmi bilts, sf tmat tmiy ja` efvi sefftmly wktmfut ru``k`o lffsi f` tmi skhis.
?.? LKZX FC Z^ARI ^ARXZ ^ARXZ Xmi cfllfwk`o lksts kllustrati tmi t mi ilijtrkjal a`h eijma`kjal jfepf`i`ts (hkvkhih k` orfups). Cfr a cast hkspatjm fc tmi frhir wi rijfeei`h tf supply all tmi riquistih k`cfreatkf`.. k`cfreatkf`..
Jma ptir ? - Ea Ea k`ti`a `ji a `h ripa krs
1 • Y`kt E[88>>>: - E[88>>>9 E[88>>>9
32
Jfhi @. C^3>>>JZ (E[88>>>:)
Jfhi @. C^=>>>JZ (E[88>>>9)
^fs. fs.
Hi Hisj sjrk rkpt ptkf kf` ` sp spar ari i part parts s
1
^MFXFJILL
IC1>>19>
1
IC1>>19>
1
2
RFH
IC>1>>8;
2
IC>1>>8;
1
:
RFLLIR
EM2>>>91
2
EM2>>>91
2
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
2 • Y`kt EM88>>2;
3:
Jfhi C^3>>>JZ
@.
Jfhi C^=>>>JZ
@.
^fs. fs.
Hi Hisj sjrk rkpt ptkf kf` ` sp spar ari i part parts s
1
BIARK@O
EC=>1>9;
2
EC=>1>9;
2
2
RYBBIR RFLLIR
EA111?9:
2
EA111?9:
2
:
Z^RK@O
EC1>>=;3
1
EC1>>=;3
1
8
BIARK@O
EC=>1>3;
2
EC=>1>3;
2
Jma ptir ? - Ea Ea k`ti`a `ji a `h ripa krs
: • Y`kt EM88>>28
38
Jfhi C^3>>>JZ
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B2 RIZKZXA@JI
11>> _
EA112?1?
E9
_ AZXI CKLE _ K@HIR EFXFR
1=> _
IE3>>21=
E3 E?
K@CIIH JF@SI[FYR EFXFR - F^XKF@AL ^RFHYJX MIKOMX AHDYZXEI@X EFXFR
1=> _ 1=> _
IE3>>1=; IE3>>>1:
E=
ILIJXRKJAL ^A@IL JFFLK@O CA@
2>_
IG>2>>22
GE1
EAK@ RILA[-Z_KXJM
II1>>>?:
GE2
E9 JF@XRFL RILA[
II:>>>:3
GE:
E9 JF@XRFL RILA[
II:>>>:3
C>
LK@I CYZI
Z1
IEIROI@J[ BYXXF@
Z=
IEIROI@J[ BYXXF@
T1
@IX CKLXIR
II9>>>1: I^>1>1;= I^>1>2>> I^>1>1;= I^>1>2>> II=>>>18
T2
A@XK-@FKZI CKLXIR GE1
II1>>12;
Q1
F@/FCC Z_KXJM
I^>1>1:;
X J1
ZIALK@O BAR 1 XMIREFJFY^LI
EA1>;32>
X J2
2> A
ZIALK@O BAR 2 XMIREFJFY^LI
EA1>;31;
C1
CYZI E=
2A
GH2>>>18
C2
CYZI E9
8A
GH2>>>>9
C:
CYZI R1
1> A
II9>>>32
C8
CYZI R2
1> A
II9>>>32
C9
CYZI E?
=A
GH2>>>:1
C3
CYZI E?
=A
GH2>>>:1
C?
K@SIRXIR ^F_ IR ZY^^L[ CYZI
13 A
GH2>>>29
C=
K@SIRXIR ^F_ IR ZY^^L[ CYZI
13 A
GH2>>>29
C;
AY]KLKAR[ JKRJYKX ^F_ IR ZY^^L[ CYZI
8A
GH2>>>:9
:? • Ilijtrkjal hkaorae E[:9>>:>-: E[:9>>:>-: C^=>>>JZ
:= • Ilijtrkjal hkaorae E[:9>>:>-8 E[:9>>:>-8 C^=>>>JZ
:; • ^`iueatkj systie C^3>>>JZ
8> • ^`iueatkj systie C^=>>>JZ
Jma ptir ? - Ea Ea k`ti`a `ji a `h ripa krs
?.= F^XKF@AL Zfei jfepf`i`ts eay bi supplkih f` hiea`h. Xmi AJJYEYLAXKF@ HIXIJXK@O ^MFXFJILLZ ORFY^ (IO21>18;) ks a` ixaepli fc tmi avaklabli fptkf`als. Xmisi pmftfilijtrkj jills ari k`ti`hih tf jmijg tmi prfhujt's ajjueulatkf` a`h i`h fc clux statis a`h ari tmiricfri cu`haei`tal tf a qukjg k`tirvi`tkf` f` tmi eajmk`i wmi` `ijissary (Zii at 9.1>“Z[ZXIE ^ARAEIXIRZ― ^ARAEIXIRZ― a pao. 8;). Kt ks pfsskbli tf riquist a` ahhktkf`al fptkf`al jallih "^MFXFJILL Y@KX earg riahk`o orfup" wmkjm lit tmi wfrgk`o prfhujt tf bi pajgih usk`o a prk`tih plastkj cfkl.
?.; _IAR A@H XIAR EIJMA@KJAL ^ARXZ Xab. ?.2.1
His j r k p t k f `
Jf h i C^3>>>JZ
Jfhi C^=>>>JZ
1 • ZIJ ZIJXK XKF@ F@ BAR
E^8>>:?:
E^8>>:?:
2 • ZIALK@O BAR BA R
EA22813=
EA2:8:89
E^2>>3;=
E^2>>3;=
8 • RYBBIR RFLLIR
EA11:18>
EA11:8>3
9 • K@CIIH JF@SI[FYR BILX 3 • JF@@IJXK@O BILX
EC9>>31> EC9>>311
EC9>>;>9 EC9>>;>9
? • ZIALK@O BAR BA R ZI@ZFRZ ZI@ZFRZ
IC1>>>22
IC1>>>22
= • HRKSK@O BILX
EC9>>33>
EC9>>33>
; • BA R 1 MIAXK@O ILIEI@X (;?> _)
EA1>;32>
/
1> • BAR 1 MIAXK@O ILIEI@X (12?> _)
/
EA112?1=
11 • BAR 2 MIAXK@O ILIEI@X (=>> _)
EA1>;31;
/
12 • BAR 2 MIAXK@O ILIEI@X (11>> _)
/
EA112?1?
:•
1>2
^XCI
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
JMA^XIR = - A@FEALKIZ A@H CAKLYRIZ ‚ MF_ XF RIEIH[
=.1 =.1 ^RFBL ^RFBLIE IEZ Z A@H A@H ZFL ZFLYX YXKF KF@Z @Z Cfllfwk`o, tmi hisjrkptkf`s hisjrkptkf`s a`h rilatkvi sflutkf`s fc jfeef` prfblies tmat jfulh fjjur hurk`o tmi `freal fpiratkf` fc tmi eajmk`i. AXXI@XKF@! Al l tm i j mij gk `o a`h rip laj k` o fp irat kf `s f` tm i eaj mk `i, eu st bi jar rk ih fu t wk tm fu t vf ltaoi. lt aoi. K` jasi fc ckri, usi a JF2 JF2 i ixstk`ouk xstk`ouk smir. A Avfkh vfkh u sk`o pf whir ixtk`ouksmirs.
•
^rfhujt rfhujt cii ciihk` hk`o o prf prfbli blies es
Xab =.1.1
JA YZI
RIEIHKIZ a`h ZFLYXKF@Z
@F ^RFHYJX CIIH
Xmi k`ciih jf`viyfr bilt's prfhujt oukhis ari tff `arrfw.
Ahdust tmi jf`viyfr bilt's prfhujt oukhis tf tmi jfrrijt wkhtm.
XMI ^RFHYJX GII^Z CALLK@O ALF@O XMI JF@SI[FR BILX
Xmi uppir squari ks lfwir tma` tmi prfhujt.
Ahdust tmi uppir squari's mikomt.
^RFB L IE4
•
Zmrk`gmrk`g-wra wrappk` ppk`o o ril rila atih tih p prfbl rfbli ies
Xab. =. =.1.2 1.2
^RFB L IE4
XMI ^AJGAOI KZ @FX JFRRIJXL[ ZMRK@G_RA^^IH
XMI ^AJGAOI ZLKHIZ F@ XMI JF@@IJXK@O BILX
JA YZI
RIEIHKIZ a`h ZFLYXKF@Z
Xmi pajgaoi skzi mas bii` k`jfrrijtly sit.
Jmijg tmi sit paraeitirs k` tmi "cfreat paraeitirs" ei`u.
Xmi sialk`o blahi mas `ft riajmih tmi sit tiepiraturi.
_akt u`tkl tmi blahi mas riajmih tmi sit tiepiraturi.
Xmi ckle hrkvk`o bilt‛s oukhis mavi `ft bii` jfrrijtly rioulatih.
Ahdust tmi oukhi tf tmi ixajt pajgaoi li`otm.
1>:
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
Xab =.1.:
^RFB L IE4
JA YZI
RIEIHKIZ a`h ZFLYXKF@Z
XMI CKLE _K@HZ ARFY@H XMI RIILMFLHIR'Z RYBBIR RFLLIR
Xmi lfjgk`o ma`hli mas `ft bii` casti`ih.
Casti` tmi ma`hli f` tmi riil-mflhir.
Xmi ti`skf`k`o daeeih.
Eagi suri tmat tmi riilmflhir‛s bar ks wfrgk`o prfpirly.
XMI RIIL-MFLHIR GII^Z Y@_K@HK@O XMI CKLE
ks
Xmi ckle mas bii` ixjisskvily ti`skf`ih.
Ripfsktkf` ekjrfpircfratfrs jfrrijt way.
XMI ^AJGAOI MAZ BII@ JFRRIJXL[ ZIALIH B YX @FX JYX
Xmi ”sialk`o tkei‛ a`h ”bars tiepiraturi‛ paraeitirs mavi bii` wrf`oly sit.
Jmijg tmi sit paraeitirs k` tmi "cfreat paraeitirs― ei`u.
XMI ^AJGAOI KZ JYX BYX @FX ZIALIH
Xmi sialk`o bar mas `ft bii` pircijtly livillih.
Ricir tf paraorapm "eajmk`i ahdustei`ts".
XMI BILXZ ARI DAEEIH
Xmi bilt ks `ft alko`ih.
Alko` tmi bilt.
XMI CKLE KZ XFR@
•
bar
k`
tmi tmi
^rfblies rfblies k`tirci k`tircirk`o rk`o wktm tm tmi i fp fpi iratfr's ratfr's jf jf`trfl `trfls s
Xab =.1.8
^RFB L IE4
JA YZI
RIEIHKIZ a`h ZFLYXKF@Z
Jlia` tmi hksplay wktm a sfct Xmi hksplay ks hkrty.
jlftm a`h a `f`abraskvi hitiroi`t.
Xmi jarh‛s ilijtrkj jf``ijtkf`s ari iktmir lffsi fr hksjf``ijtih.
Ristfri tmi jarh‛s jf``ijtkf`s by jf`sultk`o tmi wkrk`o sjmiei.
Xmi hksplay ks haeaoih.
Jf`tajt tmi actir salis sirvkji.
XMI HKZ^LA[ HFIZ @FX LKOMX Y^
Xmi hksplay ks haeaoih.
Jf`tajt tmi actir salis sirvkji.
XMI HKZ^LA[ KZ AL_A[Z LKOMX Y^
Xmi jarh mas bii` wrf`oly
Jmijg tmi jarh‛s sittk`o k`
sit.
tmi “utklktkis― ei`u.
XMI ILIJXRF@KJ JARH'Z K@CFREAXKF@ JA@@FX BI RIAH
1>8
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
•
Oi` i irr al al p prr f fb b li lies
Xab =.1.9
^RFB L IE4 XMI
EAJMK@I
KZ
A@FEA LFYZL[ @FKZ[
@F SFLXAOI XF EAJMK@I
@F ^F_IR EAJMK@I
XF
RIEIHKIZ a`h ZFLYXKF@Z
JA YZI
XMI
K`succkjki`t lubrkjatkf` lubrkjatkf` fc tmi
^rfpirly
lubrkjati
tmi
eajmk`i‛s efvk`o parts.
efvk`o parts.
Xm Xmi i oi oi`i `ira rall sw swktktjm jm ks fcc. fcc.
Xur` ur` tmi tmi oi`i oi`ira rall sw swktktjm jm f`. f`.
Xmi eajmk`i‛s oi`iral jf``ijtkf` ks iktmir lffsi fr hksjf``ijtih.
Mavi tmi ilijtrkj jf``ijtkf`s huly tkomti`ih by a qualkckih ilijtrkjka`.
Haeaoih cusi.
Riplaji tmi cusi.
@f ea eak` k`ss vflt vfltao aoi i pris prisi` i`t. t.
Ri Rist stfr fri i tmi tmi ea eak` k`ss vflt vfltao aoi. i.
F`i fr efri sacity hffrs ari fpi`.
Eagi suri tmat all tmi sacity hffrs ari prfpirly jlfsih.
Xmi ieiroi`jy pusmbuttf` ks ajtkvi (prissih pusm-buttf`).
Hiajtkvati tmi ieiroi`jy pusm-buttf` (riliasih pusm-buttf`).
XMI
=. =.2 2 IRRF IRRFR R HK HKZ^ Z^LA LA[ [ Xmks lkst prisi`ts tmi kties rilatk`o tf tmi irrfrs f` tmi sijf`h lk`i fc tmi hksplay. Actir mavk`o sflvih tmi ajjfurk`o prfblie, pliasi priss tmi buttf` ZXF^ tf hiliti tmi irrfr f` tmi hksplay a`h tmi` priss ZXARX tf ristfri aoak` tmi `freal eajmk`i wfrgk`o. Xab =.1.3
JA YZI
RIEIHKIZ a`h ZFLYXKF@Z
A@FEA LFYZ-^AJG
Xmi pajg skzi ixjiihs tmi sialk`o bar eaxkeue hkei`skf`s
Xmi prfhujt ja` `ft bi pajgaoih
IEIROI@J[
Xmi eusmrffe miah ieiroi`jy pusm buttf` mas bii` prissih
Hiajtkvati tmi eusmrffe miah a`h priss pfwir
^rissuri lfss p`iueatkj pla`t
Eagi suri tmat tmiri ari `f briagaois f` tmi p`iueatkj pla`t a`h tmat kt ks jf``ijtih
^RFB L IE4
@F-^RIZZYRI
k`
tmi
1>9
Jma ptir = - A`fe A`fe a lkis a `h cakluris cakluris ‘mfw tf rie i hy
Xab =.1.3
^RFB L IE4
JA YZI
RIEIHKIZ a`h ZFLYXKF@Z
Xmi Xmi ssac acit ityy hhff ffrs rs ari ari ffpi pi` `
Jl Jlfs fsii ttmi mi saci sacity ty hhff ffrs rs
A` irrfr mas fjjurrih k` tmi prfjisfr
Xur` tmi jarh fcc a`h tmi` f` aoak`. kc tmi prfblie jf`tk`uis, jf`tajt tmi justfeir sirvkji ji`tri
MARH_ARI-IRRFR
A` irrfr mas fjjurrih k` tmi marhwari
Xur` tmi jarh fcc a`h tmi` f` aoak`. kc tmi prfblie jf`tk`uis, jf`tajt tmi justfeir sirvkji ji`tri
ZFCX_ARI-IRRFR
A` irrfr mas fjjurrih k` tmi sfctwari
Xur` tmi jarh fcc a`h tmi` f` aoak`. kc tmi prfblie jf`tk`uis, jf`tajt tmi justfeir sirvkji ji`tri
FYXLIX AJJYEYL AXKF@
Xmi futlit pmftfilijtrkj jill giips f` si`sk`o tmi pajg
Eagi tmi pajgs clfw crfe tmi futlit bilt
^RFHYJX-CLF_-I@H
Xmi k`lit pmftfilijtrkj jill mas `ft si`sih pajgs
Ciih a pajgaoi k`tf tmi eajmk`i.
HKO-FYX-IRRFR
Zmfrt-jkrjukt pfsskbli.
Jf`tajt sirvkji.
tmi
actirsalis
Zmfrt-jkrjukt pfsskbli.
Jf`tajt sirvkji.
tmi
actirsalis
Xmi jarh‛s tiepiraturi ks tff mkom.
Xmi eajmk`i prfjissis tmi pajgaoi u`hirway a`h tmi` ofis f` pausi u`tkl tmi tiepiraturi‛s sit lkekts ari ristfrih.
FSIRXIE^-BAR
Xmi sialk`o bars‛ tiepiraturi ks tff mkom.
Xmi eajmk`i prfjissis tmi pajgaoi u`hirway a`h tmi` ofis f` pausi u`tkl tmi tiepiraturi‛s sit lkekts ari ristfrih.
BAR-ZACIX[
Xmi sialk`o bar‛s efviei`t mas bii` maepirih by a` fbdijt.
Riefvi tmi fbstrujtk`o fbdijt.
CKLE-CK@KZMK@O
Xmi riil ks ru``k`o fut fc ckle.
Riplaji tmi ckle riil.
CKLE-CK@KZMIH
@f ckle lict.
Riplaji tmi ckle riil a`h priss stfp.
IEIRO-HFFR-F^I@
II^RFE-IRRFR
1>3
IRRFR-EFX-JJ
FSIRXIE^-JARH
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
Xab =.1.3
^RFB L IE4
RIIL-ZJRA^-CYLL
JA YZI
RIEIHKIZ a`h ZFLYXKF@Z
Xmi sjrap riil ks cull.
Riefvi tmi sjrap crfe tmi riil.
Xmi efvabli bilt hfis `ft wfrg.
Jmijg tmi sfli`fkh valvi jabli. Jmijg tmi efvabli bilt si`sfr.
EFB-BILX-^RFBLIE
Eagi suri tmat tmi efvabli bilt u`kt ks `ft eijma`kjally daeeih.
B1-^RFBLIE
B2-^RFBLIE
Xmi skhi sialk`o bar‛s tiepiraturi mas k`jriasih by liss tma` 2¾J k` 9 ek`utis.
tmi crf`t sialk`o bar‛s tiepiraturi mas k`jriasih by liss tma` 2¾J k` 9 ek`utis..
Eagi suri tmat tmi B1‛s risksta`ji mas bii` pluooih. Eagi suri tmat tmi B1‛s risksta`ji tmirefjfupli mas bii` jf``ijtih. Eagi suri tmat tmi B2‛s risksta`ji mas bii` pluooih. Eagi suri tmat tmi B2‛s risksta`ji tmirefjfupli mas bii` jf``ijtih.
BAR-EFSIE-^RFB
Xmi sialk`o bar jylk`hir‛s tra`shujir hfis `ft hitijt a`y efviei`t.
Jmijg tmi sfli`fkh valvi jabli. Jmijg jabli.
tmi
tra`shujir‛s
Y@HIRXIE^-BAR
Zialk`o bar tiepiraturi ks `ft k`tf tmi jfrrijt sit up valui.
Xmi eajmk`i ck`ksmis tmi last pajg a`h put ktsilc k` sta`h by u`tkll tmi rki`tir fc tmi tiepiraturi lkekts sit up k` fur pla`t.
RIIL-EFXFR-^RFB
Xmi riil mflhir bar ks blfjgih.tmi ckle cfkl ks i`villfpih f` tmi riil mflhir.
Jmijg tmi jfrrijt ru``k`o fc tmi riil mflhir bars,jmijg tmi jfrrijt ckle cfkl ru``k`o.jmijg kc tmi ma`hli f` tmi riil mflhir ks jlfsih.
BRIAGHF_@-ZJRA^
Xmi ckle sjrap ks brfgi`.
Jmijg tmi jfrrijt ru``k`o fc tmi ckle sjrap.
1>?
Jma ptir = - A`fe A`fe a lkis a `h cakluris cakluris ‘mfw tf rie i hy
Xab =.1.3
^RFB L IE4
F/J-EFXFR- (x)
JA YZI
RIEIHKIZ a`h ZFLYXKF@Z
Eftfr fvirjurri`t, eftfr brfgi` fr daeeih bilt
Eagi suri tmi eftfr ks fpiratk`o jfrrijtly. Xmi eftfr tmat mas jausih tmi irrfr ks k`hkjatih kk` pari`tmisks4 1-k`ciih jf`viyfur eftfr 2-futlit jf`viyfur eftfr :-ckle hrkvk`o eftfr 8-riil eftfr K` frhir tf ck`h tmi eftfr tmat mas jausis tmi irrfr, eagi riciri`ji tf tmi ilijtrkjal hkaorae (pkjturi `r. 2?) Eagi suri tmat tmi eftfr fpiratkf` a`h wkrk`o ari jfrrijt. Xmi eftfr tmat mas jausih tmi irrfr ks k`hkjatih kk`
1>=
Y/J-EFXFR-(x)
Xmi livilby tmi fc eftfr jurri`t absfrbih ks tff lfw (lfwir tma` 2>> eA)4 haeaoih k`virtir fr hksjf``ijtih eftfr
pari`tmisks4 1-k`ciih jf`viyfur eftfr 2-futlit jf`viyfur eftfr :-ckle hrkvk`o eftfr 8-riil eftfr K` frhir tf ck`h tmi eftfr tmat mas jausis tmi irrfr, eagi riciri`ji tf tmi ilijtrkjal hkaorae (pkjturi `r. 2?)
K@SIRXIR-IRRFR(x)
Haeaoih k`virtir, hui tf fvirvfltaoi, u`hirvfltaoi fr fvirjurri`t.
Eagi suri tmat tmi eftfr fpiratkf` a`h wkrk`o ari jfrrijt. Xmi eftfr tmat mas jausih tmi irrfr ks k`hkjatih kk` pari`tmisks4 1-k`ciih jf`viyfur eftfr 2-futlit jf`viyfur eftfr :-ckle hrkvk`o eftfr 8-riil eftfr K` frhir tf ck`h tmi eftfr tmat mas jausis tmi irrfr, eagi riciri`ji tf tmi ilijtrkjal hkaorae (pkjturi `r. 2?)
RILA[-Z_KXJM-^RFB
Xmi riil mflhir bar ks blfjgih.tmi ckle cfkl ks i`villfpih f` tmi riil mflhir.
Jmijg tmi jfrrijt ru``k`o fc tmi riil mflhir bars,jmijg tmi jfrrijt ckle cfkl ru``k`o.jmijg kc tmi ma`hli f` tmi riil mflhir ks jlfsih.
RIIL-EFXFR-F^I@
Xmi ckle hrkvk`o systie ks `ft jfeplitily jlfsih.
Jlfsi tmi systie.
ckle
hrkvk`o
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
Xab =.1.3
JA YZI
RIEIHKIZ a`h ZFLYXKF@Z
IRRFR 1>> IRRFR 1>1 IRRFR 11> IRRFR 111
Irrfr jausih by tmi CLI]XRF@ ^F_IRBAZI jf``ijtkf`
Eagi suri tmat tmi CLI]XRF@ ^F_IRBAZI ks fpiratk`o jfr jfrrijtly rijtly.. jmijg tmi jf``ijtkf` jablis, ispijkally tmi jf``ijtfrs. riplaji tmi CLI]XRF@ ^F_IR-BAZI kc tmi irrfr pirsksts actir riplajk`o tmi CLI]XRF@ ^F_IR-BAZI, kt eay bi jausih by tmi jpu bfarh tra`sekttir.
IRRFR 2>> IRRFR 2>1 IRRFR 21> IRRFR 211
Irrfr jausih by tmi CLI]XRF@ ^F_IRBAZI jf``ijtkf` wktm tmi CLI]XRF@-K@SIRXIR Y1 (sii ilijtrkjal hkaorae, k` pkjturi `r. 2;,:9).
Jmijg tmi jf``ijtkf` jabli, ispijkally tmi jf``ijtfrs.
^RFB L IE4
Irrfr jausih by tmi clixtrf`-k`virtir Y1 jf``ijtkf` wktm tmi CLI]XRF@-K@SIRXIR Y2 (sii ilijtrkjal hkaorae, k` pkjturi `r. 2;,:9).
Jmijg tmi jf``ijtkf` jabli, ispijkally tmi jf``ijtfrs.
IRRFR 8>> ……
Irrfr jausih by tmi CLI]XRF@-K@SIRXIR Y2 jf``ijtkf` wktm tmi CLI]XRF@-K@SIRXIR Y: (sii ilijtrkjal hkaorae, k` pkjturi `r. 2;,:9).
Jmijg tmi jf``ijtkf` jabli, ispijkally tmi jf``ijtfrs.
IRRFR 9>> ……
Irrfr jausih by tmi CLI]XRF@-K@SIRXIR Y: jf``ijtkf` wktm tmi CLI]XRF@-K@SIRXIR Y8 (sii ilijtrkjal hkaorae, k` pkjturi `r. 2;,:9).
Jmijg tmi jf``ijtkf` jabli, ispijkally tmi jf``ijtfrs.
IRRFR 3>> ……
Irrfr jausih by tmi clixtrf` c lixtrf` pfwir-basi jf``ijtkf` wktm tmi CLI]XRF@-K/F1 (sii ilijtrkjal hkaorae, k` pkjturi `r. 2;,:9).
Jmijg tmi jf``ijtkf` jabli, ispijkally tmi jf``ijtfrs.
Irrfr jausih by CLI]XRF@-K/F1
Jmijg
IRRFR :>> ……
IRRFR ?>> ……
tmi
jf``ijtkf` wktm (sii tmi CLI]XRF@-K/F2 ilijtrkjal hkaorae, k` pkjturi `r. 2;,:9).
1>;
tmi
jf``ijtkf`
jabli, ispijkally jf``ijtfrs.
tmi
Ysi a `h ea k`ti`a `ji ea `ua l C^3>>>JZ - C^=>>>JZ
K`hix A AHDYZXK@O XMI BILX XF XMI XMI ^RFHYJX'Z _KHXM _KHXM ................. ........................................................................... .......................................................... 2: AHDYZXK@O XMI XMI CKLE ZI^ARAXK@O RFHZ .................................................................................... ........................... .............................................................. ..... 23 AHDYZXK@O XMI XMI ^AJGAOI ^AJGAOI MIKOMX ..................................................................................................... 2: AHDYZXK@O XMI XMI ZIALK@O ZIALK@O BAR‛Z ZI@ZFRZ ....................................................................................... ................................... .................................................... 31 AHDYZXEI@X FC XMI ZIALK@O RFH ^LA@ARKX[ ............................................................................. ................................................................ ............. 3> AZZIEBLK@OF^IRAXK@O XMI AJJYEYLAXKF@ AJJYEYL AXKF@ ^MFXFILIJXRKJ ^MFXFILIJXRKJ JILLZ JILLZ (F^XKF@AL) ................................... :8 1= AYXFEAXKJ EFHI ...................................................... ........................................................................................................... .....................................................
J JMIJGK@O CFR OFFH F^IRAXK@O JF@HKXKF@Z ............................................................................. ................................................. ............................ 93 JF@HKXKF@Z FC YZI ................................................................................................ ....................... ...................................................................................................... ............................. 1; JF@XRFL Z[ZXIEZ .......................................................................................... .............................................................................................................................. .................................... 18 JFRRIJX BILXZ XI@ZKF@K@O ............................................................................................................. 31
H HA@OIRFYZ ARIAZ .............................................................................................................................. .......................................................... .................................................................... 93 HAXA HKZ^LA[ ........................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................ ............................................................. 8: HAXA CFR CFR XMI ^@IYEAXKJ K@ZXALLAXKF@ ............... ................................................................................. ........................................................................ ...... 22 HIEFLKXKF@ A@H HKZ^FZAL ........................................................................................... ........................ ........................................................................................ ..................... 1= HIZJRK^XKF@ FC XMI EAJMK@I ....................................................................... .......................................................................................................... ................................... 1: HIXIREK@K@O XMI XMI RIIL'Z I]AJX _KHXM .......................................................................................... ............................................................... ........................... 22 HKJMKARATKF@I HK JF@CFREKXÎ JI .................................................................................................... ............................................................. ....................................... 9
I IJ HIJLARAXKF@ FC JF@CFREKX[ ..................................................................................................... ............................................................ ......................................... 9 ILIJXRKJAL JF@@IJXKF@Z ................................................................................................................ ............................................................... ................................................. 1= ILIJXRF@KJ BFARH ............................................................................................................................. .................................................................................... ......................................... :1 ILIJXRF@KJ BFARH GI[Z HIZJRK^XKF@ .................................................................................... ...................... ................................................................... ..... :1 IEIROI@J[ ^YZM-BYXXF@ ................................................................................................................ 91 IRRFR HKZ^LA[ ................................................................................................................................... ........................................................... ........................................................................ 1>9
C CKLE ^FZKXKF@K@O ...................................................................... ................................................................................................................................. ........................................................... 23 CKLE RIIL‛Z EA]. ZKTI LLKEKXZ KEKXZ ...................................................................... ... .......................................................................................................... ....................................... 22 CKRZX CKLE ZIALK@O .......................................................... .............................................................................................................................. .................................................................... 2? CFREAX JMA@OI K@ZXRYJXKF@Z ....................................................................................................... 93 CFREAX ^ARAEIXIRZ ......................................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................... ................... :9 C^3>>>JZ A@H C^=>>> C^=>>>JZ JZ L-ZIALIR A@H X89> XY@@IL ^FZKXKF@K@O ^FZKXKF@K@O ......................................... 1=
M MF_ XF JF@ZYLX A@H YZI XMKZ EA EA@YAL @YAL ......................................................................................... ............................................................. ............................ ;
K K@CFREAXKF@ F@ XMI EAJMK@I ......................................................................................................... .................................................................... ..................................... 21 K@XI@XIH YZI ..................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................ ................................................................... 99
L LIOAL RICIRI@JIZ ............................................................................................................................... ......................................................... ...................................................................... ; LIOI@H ............................................................ ................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................... 11 LKZX FC Z^ARI ^ARXZ .................................................... .......................................................................................................................... ...................................................................... 31
E EAJMK@I KHI@XKCKJAXKF@ .................................................................................................................... EAJMK@I .............................................................. ...................................................... 21 EAJMK@I K@ZXALLAXKF@ ....................................................................................................................... ................................................................... .................................................... 1: EAJMK@I ZXAXIZ ................................................................. ................................................................................................................................... .................................................................. 92 EAJMK@I YZI .................................................................................................. ......................................................................................................................................... ....................................... 99
111
EAK@XI@A@JI A@H RI^AKRZ ........................................................................................... ............................. ................................................................................. ................... 9? EA@YAL F^IRAXKF@ EFHI ................................................................................................................. ................................................................................. ................................ ::
F F^IRAXK@O CIAXYRIZ FC XMI XMI EAJMK@I EAJMK@I ......................................................................................... .................................................................. ....................... 21 F^IRAXFR EI@Y ....................................................................... .................................................................................................................................. ........................................................... 82
^ ^ARXKJYLAR JFEBK@AXKF@ FC XMI GI[Z ........................................................................................ ......................... ............................................................... 91 ^FZKXKF@K@O LISILLK@O ............................................................................................................. ........................................................................................ ..................... 28 1? ^FZKXKF@K@O A@H FC XMI CKLE CKLE RIIL ......................................................................................................... ....................................................................... .................................. ^RI^ARAXKF@ XF XMI YZI FC XMI EAJMK@ EAJMK@I I .................................................................................. .......................... ........................................................ 2: ^RFBLIEK I ZFLYTKF@K ...................................................................................................................... .................................................................. .................................................... 1>: ^RFBLIEZ A@H ZFLYXKF@Z ....................................................................... .............................................................................................................. ....................................... 1>:
R RIOYLAXKF@ CFR XMI ^AJGAOK@O FC LF_ ^AJGZ ....................................................................... ................................................................ ....... 2; RIOYLAXKF@Z A@H OI@IRAL K@ZXRYJXKF@Z ................................................................................... ............................................................ ....................... ; RIEARGZ F@ OI@IRAL OI@IRAL ZACIX[ ZACIX[ .......................................................... ......................................................................................................... ............................................... 1> RI^LAJK@O XMI BRAGI ZMFIZ ......................................................................................... ........................... ............................................................................... ................. 3> RI^LAJK@O XMI ZIALK@O BLAHI ........................................................................................................ ........................................................... ............................................. 9;
Z
112
ZACIX[ Z[ZXIE .................................................................................................................................... ............................................................ ........................................................................ 1: ZJMIEA ILIXXRKJF ........................................................................................................................... 1>2 ZJRA^ CKLE OYKHI HISKJI .................................................................................................................. ............................................................... ................................................... 2? ZJRA^ CKLE _K@HIR ............................................................................................................................. ................................................................ ............................................................. 2= ZIXY^ ...................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................... ................................................................................... 99 ZXARXK@O Y^ XMI EAJMK@I ................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................... ..................... :2 Z[ZXIE ^ARAEIXIRZ ......................................................................................................................... 8; Z[ZXIE ZIXY^ ........................................................... ...................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................... 83
X XIJM@KJAL HAXA CFR XMI XMI ILIJXRKJ ILIJXRKJ JF@@IJXKF@ .................................................................... ........................................................................ 1; XIJM@KJAL Z^IJKCKJAXKF@Z FC XMI ^RFHYJX .............................................................................. 21 XRA@Z^FRX A@H Y@^AJGK@O ............................................................................................................. ........................................................................ ..................................... 1? X[^I FC JMIJGK@O JMIJGK@O CRIQYI@J[ A@H EAK@XI@A@JI EAK@XI@A@JI F^IRAXKF@Z ........................................... 9?
Y YXKLKX[ ..................................................................................................................................................... ............................................................. ........................................................................................ 8?
_ _ARRA@X[ JF@HKXKF@Z ........................................................................................................................ .................................................................. ...................................................... ; _IKOMX A@H HKEI@ZKF@Z FC XMI EAJMK@I ................................................................................... ............................................................... .................... 13 _IKOMX A@H HKEI@ZKF@Z HKEI@ZKF@Z FC XMI ^AJGIH EAJM EAJMK@I K@I .................................................................... 13
ZEK^AJG Z.p.A. absflutily a`y hkrijt fr k`hkrijt jf`siqui`jis hui tf tmi prfpir fr keprfpir usi fc fckstmks kssuk`o `ft fr fcrispf`skbli tmi systiecfr sfctwari. ZEK^AJG Z.p.A. mas tmi rkomt tf eagi tijm`kjal efhkckjatkf` f` tmikr systie a`h k` tmikr ea`ual wktmfut k`cfrek`o tmi usirs.
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