Fourozan MCQ From 4th Edition

14: The 7Pv+ header field formerly $nown as the service type field is now called the _______ field. a. 7T" b. chec$sum c. differentiated ser%ices d. none of the above 15: 7n 7Pv08 options are inserted between the _________ and the ___________ data. a. base headerB e3tension header  b. base $eader1 upper-layer data c. base headerB frame header  d. none of the above 26: 7Pv0 allows _________ security provisions than 7Pv+. a. more b. less c. the same level d. none of the above 21: 7n 7Pv08 when a datagram needs to be discarded in a congested networ$8 the decision is based on the _______ field in the base header. a. hop limit b. priority c. ne3t header  d. none of the above 22: 7n 7Pv08 the _______ field in the base header and the sender 7P address combine to indicate a uni#ue path identifier for a specific flow of data. a. flo( label b. ne3t header  c. hop limit d. destination 7P address

"2APER ,+ 1: A _______ address is an internetwor$ address with universal Kurisdiction. a. physical b. logical c. a and b

d. none of the above

2: The logical addresses in the 7nternet are called _______ addresses. a. port b. IP c. mail d. none of the above !: A ________ is a local address. 7ts Kurisdiction is over a local networ$. a. p$ysical b. logical c. a and b d. none of the above +: 7f the sender is a host and wants to send a pac$et to another host on the same networ$8 the logical address that must be mapped to a physical address is ______. a. t$e destination IP address in t$e datagram $eader  b. the 7P address of the router found in the routing table c. either a or b d. none of the above -: 7f the sender is a host and wants to send a pac$et to another host on another networ$8 the logical address that must be mapped to a physical address is ______. a. the destination 7P address in the datagram header  b. t$e IP address of t$e router found in t$e routing table c. either a or b d. none of the above 0: The sender is a router that has received a datagram destined for a host on another networ$. The logical address that must be mapped to a physical address is ______. a. the destination 7P address in the datagram header  b. t$e IP address of t$e router found in t$e routing table c. either a or b d. none of the above : The sender is a router that has received a datagram destined for a host on the same networ$. The logical address that must be mapped to a physical address is ______. a. t$e destination IP address in t$e datagram $eader  b. the 7P address of the router found in the routing table c. either a or b d. none of the above

b. Star  c. Bus d. )ing

: (ommunication between a computer and a $eyboard involves ______________ transmission. a. simplex b. halfduple3 c. fullduple3 d. automatic

4: A television broadcast is an e3ample of _______ transmission. a. simplex b. halfduple3 c. fullduple3 d. automatic

5: A _______ connection provides a dedicated lin$ between two devices. a. point-to-point b. multipoint c. primary d. secondary

16: 7n a _______ connection8 more than two devices can share a single lin$. a. pointtopoint b. multipoint c. primary d. secondary

11: 7n _______ transmission8 the channel capacity is shared by both communicating devices at all times. a. simple3 b. halfduple3 c. full-duplex d. halfsimple3 halfsimple 3

4: 7n _______8 a table associating a logical address with a physical address is updated manually. a. static mapping b. dynamic mapping c. physical mapping d. none of the above 5: _______ is a dynamic mapping protocol in which a physical address is found for a given logical address. a. ARP b. )A)P c. both a and b d. none of the above 16: The target hardware address on an thernet is _______ in an A)P re#uest. a. >x>>>>>>>>>>>> b. 6.6.6.6 c. variable d. class dependent 11: An A)P reply is normally _______. a. broadcast b. multicast c. unicast d. none of the above 12: An A)P re#uest is normally _______. a. broadcast b. multicast c. unicast d. none of the above 1!: A techni#ue called ______ is used to create a subnetting effect. a. A)P b. )A)P c. proxy ARP d. none of the above 1+: A _______ is an A)P that acts on behalf of a set of hosts. a. A)P b. )A)P c. proxy ARP d. none of the above

1-: 7(P is a _________ layer protocol. a. data lin$ b. transport c. net(or) d. none of the above 10: 7(P messages are divided into two broad categories: _____________. a. 6uery and error reporting messages b. re#uest and response messages c. re#uest and reply messages d. none of the above 1: An 7(P message has _____ header and a variablesi,e data section. a. a 10byte b. a !2byte c. an -byte d. none of the above 14: hich of the following is true about 7(P messages/ a. An 7(P error message may be generated for an 7(P error message. b. An 7(P error message may be generated for each fragment. c. An 7(P error message may be generated for a multicast datagram. d. none is true 15: hich of the following is true about 7(P messages/ a. An 7(P error message may be generated for an 7(P error message. b. An I"MP error message may be generated only for t$e first fragment. c. An 7(P error message may be generated for a multicast datagram. d. none is true 26: 7P is a companion to the ______ protocol. a. ;*P b. T(P c. 7( d. none of t$e abo%e 21: 7P is _______ protocol. a. an error reporting b. a group management c. a transmission d. none of the above

22: 7P helps a ________ router create and update a list of loyal members related to each router interface. a. broadcast b. unicast c. multicast d. none of the above 2!: 7P operates __________. a. locally b. globally c. both a and b d. none of the above 2+: An 7P #uery is sent from a _______ to a _______. a. hostB host b. hostB router  c. router1 $ost or router  d. none of the above 2-: The _______ is used by a router in response to a received leave report. a. general #uery message b. special 6uery message c. membership report d. none of the above 20: The least significant 2! bits in a +4bit thernet address identify a ________. a. multicast router  b. host c. multicast group d. none of the above 2: The _______ field of the 7P message is all ,eros in a #uery message. a. version b. type c. group address d. none of the above 24: A multicast message is sent from _______ to _______. a. one sourceB one destination b. one source1 multiple destinations c. multiple sourcesB one destination d. none of the above

25: 7n networ$s that do not support physical multicast addressing8 multicasting can be accomplished through _______. a. mapping b. #ueries c. tunneling d. none of the above !6: 7f four hosts on a networ$ belong to the same group8 a total of _______ sent in response to a general #uery message. a. one membership report is b. t(o members$ip reports are c. three membership reports are d. none of the above !1: 7n 7P8 a membership report is sent _______. a. once b. t(ice c. three times d. none of the above !2: 7n 7P8 the general #uery message ___________________ group. a. does not define a particular  b. e3plicitly defines a c. can define more than one d. none of the above !!: An 7P pac$et is carried in an __________ pac$et. a. ;*P b. IP c. thernet frame d. none of the above !+: The 7P pac$et that carries an 7P pac$et has a value of _______ in its protocol field. a. ! b. , c. 1 d. none of the above

"2APER ,, 1: 7n _______ delivery8 both the deliverer of the 7P pac$et and the destination are on the same networ$. a. a connectionless b. a direct c. an indirect d. none of the above 2: 7n _______ delivery8 the deliverer of the 7P pac$et and the destination are on different networ$s. a. a connectionoriented b. a direct c. an indirect d. none of the above !: 7n _______ forwarding8 the full 7P address of a destination is given in the routing table. a. ne3thop b. networ$specific c. $ost-specific d. default +: 7n _______ forwarding8 the mas$ and destination addresses are both 6.6.6.6 in the routing table. a. ne3thop b. networ$specific c. hostspecific d. default -: 7n _______ forwarding8 the destination address is a networ$ address in the routing table. a. ne3thop b. net(or)-specific c. hostspecific d. default 0: 7n _______ forwarding8 the routing table holds the address of Kust the ne3t hop instead of complete route information. a. next-$op b. networ$specific c. hostspecific d. default

: The idea of address aggregation was designed to alleviate the increase in routing table entries when using ________. a. classful addressing

b. classless addressing c. both a and b d. none of the above 4: The principle of ________ states that the routing table is sorted from the longest mas$ to the shortest mas$. a. first mas$ matching b. shortest mas$ matching c. longest mas) matc$ing d. none of the above 5: The use of hierarchy in routing tables can ________ the si,e of the routing tables. a. reduce b. increase c. both a and b d. none of the above 16: _______ deals with the issues of creating and maintaining routing tables. a. "orwarding b. Routing c. *irecting d. 9one of the above 11: A _______ routing table contains information entered manually. a. static b. dynamic c. hierarchical d. none of the above 12: A _______ routing table is updated periodically using one of the dynamic routing protocols. a. static b. dynamic c. hierarchical d. none of the above 1!: The input and output ports of a router perform the ________ layer functions of the router. a. p$ysical and data lin) b. networ$ c. transport d. none of the above 1+: The routing processor of a router performs the ________ layer functions of the router. a. physical and data lin$ b. net(or)

c. transport d. none of the above 1-: The tas$ of moving the pac$et from the input #ueue to the output #ueue in a router is done by  _________. a. input and output ports b. routing processor  c. s(itc$ing fabrics d. none of the above 10: A static table is one _______. a. (it$ manual entries b. which is updated automatically c. either a or b d. none of the above 1: A dynamic table is one _______. a. with manual entries b. ($ic$ is updated automatically c. either a or b d. none of the above 14: "or purposes of routing8 the 7nternet is divided into ___________. a. wide area networ$s b. autonomous networ$s c. autonomous systems d. none of the above 15: ____________ is a group of networ$s and routers under the authority of a single administration. a. An autonomous system b. An area c. a and b d. none of the above 26: )outing inside an autonomous system is referred to as _______________. a. interdomain routing b. intradomain routing c. both a and b d. none of the above 21: )outing between autonomous systems is referred to as ____________. a. interdomain routing b. intradomain routing c. both a and b

d. none of the above 22: 7n _______ routing8 the least cost route between any two nodes is the route with the minimum distance. a. path vector  b. distance %ector  c. lin$ state d. none of the above 2!: 7n ________8 each node maintains a vector %table& of minimum distances to every node. a. path vector  b. distance %ector  c. lin$ state d. none of the above 2+: 7n distance vector routing8 each node periodically shares its routing table with _________ and whenever there is a change. a. every other node b. its immediate neig$bors c. one neighbor  d. none of the above 2-: The )outing 7nformation Protocol %)7P& is an intradomain routing based on _________ routing. a. distance %ector  b. lin$ state c. path vector  d. none of the above 20: The metric used by _______ is the hop count. a. d. none of the above 2: The  today is a _______ clientserver service8 in which a client using a browser can access a service using a server. a. limited

b. vast c. distributed d. none of the above !: The _________ is a standard for specifying any $ind of information on the 7nternet. a. R& b. ;>) c. )>; d. none of the above +: 7n a ;)>8 the _______ is the clientserver program used to retrieve the document. a. path b. protocol c. host d. none of the above -: 7n a ;)>8 the ______ is the computer on which the information is located. a. path b. protocol c. $ost d. none of the above 0: 7n a ;)>8 an optional ________ can be inserted between the host and the path8 and it is separated from the host by a colon. a. path b. protocol c. host d. none of t$e abo%e

: 7n a ;)>8 the _______ is the full name of the file where the information is located. a. pat$ b. protocol c. host d. none of the above 4: A coo$ie is made by the ________ and eaten by the _________. a. clientB client b. clientB server  c. ser%er1 ser%er  d. none of the above

5: The documents in the  can be grouped into ______ broad categories. a. two b. t$ree c. four  d. none of the above 16: A _______ document is a fi3edcontent document that is created and stored in a server. The client can get a copy of the document only. a. static b. dynamic c. active d. none of the above 11: _____________ is a language for creating eb pages. a. CTTP b. 2M& c. "TTP d. none of the above 12: A _______ document is created by a eb server whenever a browser re#uests the document. a. static b. dynamic c. active d. none of the above 1!: ___________ is a technology that creates and handles dynamic documents. a. 7( b. "HI c. (7 d. none of the above 1+: *ynamic documents are sometimes referred to as _________ dynamic documents. a. clientsite b. ser%er-site c. both a and b d. none of the above 1-: "or many applications8 we need a program or a script to be run at the client site. These are called  _______________ documents. a. static b. dynamic c. acti%e d. none of the above

10: b. PPB SP c. A21 ESP d. none of the above 4: ______ provides authentication at the 7P level. a. A2 b. SP c. PP d. SS> 5: ______ provides either authentication or encryption8 or both8 for pac$ets at the 7P level. a. AC b. ESP c. PP d. SS> 16: 7PSec uses a set of SAs called the ________. a. SA* b. SA' c. SA/B d. none of the above 11: ______ is the protocol designed to create security associations8 both inbound and outbound. a. SA b. (A c. D*( d. I4E 12: 7D creates SAs for _____. a. SS> b. PP

c. IPSec d. GP

1!: 7D is a comple3 protocol based on ______ other protocols. a. two b. t$ree c. four  d. five 1+: 7D uses _______. a. A9s that must communicate through the global 7nternet. a. GPP b. G9P c. G99

d. PN

26: A _______ layer security protocol provides endtoend security services for applications. a. data lin$ b. networ$ c. transport d. none of the above 21: ______ is actually an 7T" version of _____  a. T>SB TSS b. SS>B T>S c. &S1 SS& d. SS>B S>T 22: _______ provide security at the transport layer. a. SS> b. T>S c. either %a& or %b& d. bot$ ;a< and ;b< 2!: ______ is designed to provide security and compression services to data generated from the application layer. a. SS> b. T>S c. either %a& or %b& d. bot$ ;a< and ;b< 2+: Typically8 ______ can receive application data from any application layer protocol8 but the protocol is normally CTTP. a. SS> b. T>S c. either %a& or %b& d. bot$ ;a< and ;b< 2-: SS> provides _________. a. message integrity b. confidentiality c. compression d. all of t$e abo%e

20: The combination of $ey e3change8 hash8 and encryption algorithms defines a ________ for each SS> session. a. list of protocols b. cip$er suite c. list of $eys d. none of the above 2: 7n _______8 the cryptographic algorithms and secrets are sent with the message. a. 7PSec b. SS> c. T>S d. PHP 24: c. PHP d. none of the above 25: ______ was invented by Phil Himmerman. a. 7PSec b. SS> c. PHP d. none of the above !6: ________ provides privacy8 integrity8 and authentication in email. a. 7PSec b. SS> c. PHP d. none of the above !1: 7n PP8 to e3change email messages8 a user needs a ring of _______ $eys. a. secret b. public c. either %a& or %b& d. both %a& and %b& !2: 7n ______8 there is a single path from the fully trusted authority to any certificate. a. D7>C b. PP c. D*( d. none of the above

a. binary tree b. spanning tree c. multiway tree d. none of the above 0: A _______ >A9 allows several >A9s to be connected. a. bac)bone b. wireless c. wired d. none of the above : A bac$bone is usually a ______. a. bus b. star  c. eit$er ;a< or ;b< d. neither %a& nor %b& 4: A virtual local area networ$ %G>A9& is configured by _________. a. soft(are b. physical wiring c. hardware d. none of the above 5: embership in a G>A9 can be based on _________. a. port numbers b. A( addresses c. 7P addresses d. all of t$e abo%e 16: G>A9s can_________. a. reduce networ$ traffic b. provide an e3tra measure of security c. either %a& or %b& d. bot$ ;a< and ;b< 11: _________ is Kust a connector. a. An active hub b. A passi%e $ub c. either %a& or %b& d. neither %a& nor %b&

12: 7n a startopology thernet >A98 _______ is Kust a point where the signals coming from different stations collideB it is the collision point.

a. An active hub b. A passi%e $ub c. either %a& or %b& d. neither %a& nor %b& 1!: ________ is part of the mediaB its location in the 7nternet model is below the physical layer. a. An active hub b. A passi%e $ub c. either %a& or %b& d. neither %a& nor %b& 1+: A _______ is a device that operates only in the physical layer. a. passive hub b. repeater  c. bridge d. router  1-: A ________receives a signal and8 before it becomes too wea$ or corrupted8 regenerates the original bit pattern. 7t then sends the refreshed signal. a. passive hub b. repeater  c. bridge d. router  10: A __________ forwards every frameB it has no filtering capability. a. passive hub b. repeater  c. bridge d. router  1: ________ is actually a multiport repeater. 7t is normally used to create connections between stations in a physical star topology. a. An acti%e $ub b. A passive hub c. either %a& or %b& d. neither %a& nor %b&

14: A ________ operates in both the physical and the data lin$ layer. a. passive hub

b. repeater  c. bridge d. router  15: A _______ can chec$ the A( addresses contained in the frame. a. passive hub b. repeater  c. bridge d. router  26: A ______ has a table used in filtering decisions. a. passive hub b. repeater  c. bridge d. none of the above 21: A ________ is a device in which the stations are completely unaware of its e3istence. a. passive hub b. repeater  c. simple bridge d. transparent bridge 22: 7 462.1d specification8 defines _________ criteria for a transparent bridges. a. two b. t$ree c. four  d. none of the above 2!: A spanning tree is a graph in which there is no _____. a. node b. branch c. loop d. arc 2+: 7n a bridged >A98 the _______ algorithm creates a topology in which each >A9 can be reached from any other >A9 through one path only. a. spanning tree b. binary tree c. unary tree d. none of the above 2-: A threelayer switch is a $ind of ________. a. repeater  b. bridge

c. router  d. none of the above 20: A twolayer switch is a ______. a. repeater  b. bridge c. router  d. none of the above 2: Some new twolayer switches8 called _______ switches8 have been designed to forward the frame as soon as they chec$ the A( addresses in the header of the frame. a. cut-t$roug$ b. gothrough c. comethrough d. none of the above 24: A _______ is a threelayer device that handles pac$ets based on their logical addresses. a. repeater  b. bridge c. router  d. none of the above 25: A ______ normally connects >A9s and A9s in the 7nternet and has a table that is used for ma$ing decisions about the route. a. repeater  b. bridge c. router  d. none of the above !6: A ______ switch is a faster and more sophisticated router. a. twolayer  b. t$ree-layer  c. fourlayer  d. none of the above !1: A ________ is normally a computer that operates in all five layers of the 7nternet model or seven layers of A9 in a remote bac$bone connected by remote bridges. a. point-to-point b. multipoint c. multidrop d. none of the above !-: G>A9s create _________ domains. a. unicast b. multicast c. broadcast d. none of the above !0: 7n a%n& _______ configuration8 the administrator types the port numbers8 the 7P addresses8 or other characteristics8 using the G>A9 software. a. manual b. automatic c. semiautomatic d. none of the above !: 7n a%n& _____ configuration8 the stations are automatically connected or disconnected from a G>A9 using criteria defined by the administrator. a. manual b. automatic c. semiautomatic d. none of the above

!4: 7n a%n& ______ configuration8 the initiali,ing is done manually8 with migrations done automatically. a. manual b. automatic

c. semiautomatic d. none of the above

"2APER +0 1: _______ is a firstgeneration cellular phone system. a. AMPS b. *APS c. S d. none of the above 2: __________ is a secondgeneration cellular phone system. a. APS b. /-AMPS c. S d. none of the above !: ____________ is a digital version of APS. a. S b. /-AMPS c. 7S5d. none of the above +: ___________ is a secondgeneration cellular phone system used in urope. a. HSM b. *APS c. 7S5d. none of the above -: ________ is a secondgeneration cellular phone system based on (*A and *SSS. a. S b. *APS c. IS-C7 d. none of the above

0: The __________ cellular phone system will provide universal personal communication. a. firstgeneration b. secondgeneration c. t$ird-generation d. none of the above

: 7n a ______ handoff8 a mobile station only communicates with one base station. a. $ard b. soft c. medium d. none of the above 4: 7n a ______ handoff8 a mobile station can communicate with two base stations at the same time. a. hard b. soft c. medium d. none of the above 5: _______ is an analog cellular phone system using "*A. a. AMPS b. *APS c. S d. none of the above 16: APS operates in the 7S _____ band. a. >>-M25 b. 566C, c. 1466C, d. none of the above 11: 7n APS8 each band is divided into ______ channels. a. 466 b. 566 c. 1666 d. none of t$e abo%e 12: APS has a fre#uency reuse factor of _______. a. 1 b. ! c. d. 8 1!: APS uses ______ to divide each 2-C, band into channels. a. !/MA b. T*A c. (*A d. none of the above 1+: *APS uses ______ to divide each 2-C, band into channels.

a. "*A b. T*A c. (*A d. bot$ ;a< and ;b< 1-: S allows a reuse factor of _______. a. 1 b. 3 c. d.  10: S is a digital cellular phone system using ________. a. "*A b. T*A c. (*A d. bot$ ;a< and ;b< 1: 7S5- is based on ____________. a. "*A b. (*A c. *SSS d. all of t$e abo%e 14: 7S5- uses the 7S _______band. a. 466C, b. 566C, c. 1566C, d. eit$er ;a< or ;c< 15: 7S5- uses the _______ satellite system for synchroni,ation. a. HPS b. Teledesic c. 7ridium d. none of the above

26: 7n an 7S5- system8 the fre#uencyreuse factor is normally _____. a. + b. ! c. d.  21: 7n the third generation of cellular phones8 _______ uses (*A. a. IM-/S

b. 7T( c. 7TT( d. 7TS( 22: 7n the third generation of cellular phones8 ________ uses (*A2666. a. 7T*S b. IM-M" c. 7TT( d. 7TS( 2!: 7n the third generation of cellular phones8 ______ uses a combination of (*A and T*A. a. 7T*S b. 7T( c. IM-" d. 7TS( 2+: 7n the third generation of cellular phones8 _______ uses T*A. a. 7T*S b. 7T( c. 7TT( d. IM-S" 2-: The period of a satellite8 the time re#uired for a satellite to ma$e a complete trip around the arth8 is determined by _________ law. a. 4eplerGs b. 9ewton?s c. >> and +7@>>> d. none of the above 25: >< satellites are normally below an altitude of ________ $m. a. 1666 b. ,>>> c. !666 d. none of the above !6: ______ is based on a principle called trilateration. a. HPS b. Teledesic c. 7ridium d. none of the above !1: >owarthorbit %>< d. none of the above

!+: ________ satellites provide time and location information for vehicles and ships. a. HPS b. 7ridium c. Teledesic d. none of the above !-: 7ridium satellites are ________satellites. a. < b. < c. &E*

d. none of the above !0: ________ satellites can provide direct universal voice and data communications for handheld terminals. a. PS b. Iridium c. Teledesic d. none of the above !: Teledesic satellites are _________satellites. a. < b. < c. &E* d. none of the above !4: ________ satellites will provide universal broadband 7nternet access. a. PS b. 7ridium c. eledesic d. none of the above

"2APER +8 1: _______ is a standard developed by A9S7 for fiberoptic networ$s. a. S*NE b. S*C c. either %a& or %b& d. neither %a& nor %b&

2: _______ is a standard developed by 7T;T. a. S d. none of the above 4: hat is the result of A9*ing 2-+ and 1-/ a. 2-+ b. += c. 6 d. none of the above 5: hat is the result of A9*ing 152 and 0-/ a. 152 b. 0c. 0= d. none of the above 16: hich one is not a contiguous mas$/ a. 2--.2--.2--.2-+ b. 2--.2--.22+.6 c. ,77.+=.>.> d. all are 11: The number of addresses in a class ( bloc$ is _______. a. 0-8-!+ b. 1088210 c. ,70 d. none of the above

12: The number of addresses in a class ' bloc$ is _______. a. 07@730 b. 1088210 c. 2-0 d. none of the above 1!: The number of addresses in a class A bloc$ is _______. a. 0-8-!+ b. +0@888@,+0 c. 2-0 d. none of the above 1+: The number of addresses assigned to an organi,ation in classless addressing _______. a. can be any number  b. must be a multiple of 2-0 c. must be a po(er of , d. none of the above

1-: The first address assigned to an organi,ation in classless addressing _______. a. must be a power of + b. must be e%enly di%isible by t$e number of addresses c. must belong to one of the A8 '8 or ( classes d. none of the above 10: hich address could be the beginning address of a bloc$ of !2 classless addresses/ a. 2.+.0.b. 2.+.0.10 c. ,.=.0.0= d. none of the above 1: hich address could be the beginning address of a bloc$ of 10 classless addresses/ a. 2.+.0.b. 2.+.0.1c. 2.+.0.02 d. none of t$e abo%e 14: hich address could be the beginning address of a bloc$ of 2-0 classless addresses/ a. 2.+.0.b. 2.+.0.1c. ,.=.0.> d. none of the above 15: hat is the first address of a bloc$ of classless addresses if one of the addresses is 12.2.2.0@2/

a. 12.2.2.6 b. 12.2.2.!2 c. +,.,.,.0= d. none of the above 26: hat is the first address of a bloc$ of classless addresses if one of the addresses is 12.2.2.0@16/ a. +,.>.>.> b. 12.2.6.6 c. 12.2.2.2 d. none of the above

21: hat is the first address of a bloc$ of classless addresses if one of the addresses is 12.2.2.12@24/ a. 12.2.2.6 b. 12.2.2.50 c. +,.,.,.++, d. none of the above 22: "ind the number of addresses in a bloc$ of classless addresses if one of the addresses is 12.2.2.@2+. a. !2 b. 0+ c. ,70 d. none of the above 2!: "ind the number of addresses in a bloc$ of classless addresses if one of the addresses is 12.2.2.@!6. a. 2 b. = c. 4 d. none of the above 2+: hat is the last address of a bloc$ of classless addresses if one of the addresses is 12.2.2.12@24/ a. 12.2.2.10 b. 12.2.2.112 c. +,.,.,.+,8 d. none of the above 2-: hat is the last address of a bloc$ of classless addresses if one of the addresses is 12.2.2.0@!6/ a. 12.2.2.2

b. +,.,.,.0 c. +,.,.,.8 d. none of the above 20: An organi,ation is granted a bloc$B one address is 2.2.2.0+@26. The organi,ation needs 16 subnets. hat is the subnet prefi3 length/ a. @26 b. #,= c. @2d. none of the above

2: An organi,ation is granted a bloc$B one address is 2.2.2.0+@2-. 7f the subnet prefi3 length is @248 what is the ma3imum number of subnets/ a. 2 b. + c.  d. none of the above 24: An organi,ation is granted a bloc$ of classless addresses with the starting address 155.!+.0.0+@24 . Cow many addresses are granted/ a. 4 b. +0 c. !2 d. none of the above 25: An organi,ation is granted a bloc$ of classless addresses with the starting address 155.!+.0.124@25 . Cow many addresses are granted/ a.  b. 10 c. !2 d. none of the above !6: An organi,ation is granted a bloc$ of classless addresses with the starting address 155.!+.!2.6@2 . Cow many addresses are granted/ a. 4 b. 10 c. 3, d. none of the above !1: hat is the default mas$ for class A in (7*) notation/ a. @5 b. # c. @10

d. none of the above !2: hat is the default mas$ for class ' in (7*) notation/ a. @5 b. @4 c. #+0 d. none of the above

!!: hat is the default mas$ for class ( in (7*) notation/ a. #,= b. @4 c. @10 d. none of the above !+: 7n classless addressing8 the ______ is another name for the common part of the address range. a. suffi3 b. prefix c. netid d. none of the above !-: 7n classless addressing8 the _______ is the varying part %similar to the hostid&. a. suffix b. prefi3 c. hostid d. none of the above !0: 7n classless addressing8 the prefi3 length defines the _____________. a. netid b. hostid c. mas) d. none of the above !: 7n a bloc$8 the prefi3 length is @2+B what is the mas$/ a. ,77.,77.,77.> b. 2--.2--.2+2.6 c. 2--.2--.6.6 d. none of the above !4: 7n a bloc$8 the prefi3 length is @1-B what is the mas$/ a. ,77.,7=.>.> b. 2--.2--.2--.6

c. 2--.2--.2--.124 d. none of the above !5: 7n a bloc$8 the mas$ is 2--.2--.152.6B what is the prefi3 length/ a. @26 b. @24 c. #+ d. none of the above +6: An 7Pv0 address is _________ bits long. a. !2 b. 0+ c. +, d. none of the above +1: An 7Pv0 address consists of ________ bytes %octets&B a. + b. 4 c. +0 d. none of the above +2: To ma$e addresses more readable8 7Pv0 specifies ____________notation. a. dotted decimal b. $exadecimal colon c. both a and b d. none of the above +!: 7n he3adecimal colon notation8 a 124bit address is divided into _______ sections8 each _____ he3adecimal digits in length. a. 4: 2 b. 4: ! c.  = d. none of the above ++: An 7Pv0 address can have up to __________ colons. a. 4 b. 8 c. + d. none of the above +-: An 7Pv0 address can have up to __________ he3adecimal digits. a. 10 b. 3, c. 4

d. none of the above +0: 7n 7Pv08 _______ address defines a single computer. a. a unicast b. a multicast c. an anycast d. none of the above

+: 7n 7Pv08 ____ address defines a group of computers with addresses that have the same prefi3. a. a unicast b. a multicast c. an anycast d. none of the above +4: 7n 7Pv08 _________ address defines a group of computers. a. a unicast b. a multicast c. an anycast d. none of the above +5: 7n 7Pv08 the ________ prefi3 defines the purpose of the address. a. type b. purpose c. both a and b d. none of the above -6: 7n 7Pv08 the___________ address is generally used by a normal host as a unicast address. a. pro%ider-based unicast b. lin$ local c. site local d. none of the above -1: 7n 7Pv08 a _________address comprises 46 bits of ,ero8 followed by 10 bits of one8 followed by the !2bit 7Pv+ address. a. lin$ local b. site local c. mapped d. none of the above -2: 7n 7Pv08 a ___________ address is an address of 50 bits of ,ero followed by !2 bits of 7Pv+ address. a. lin$ local b. site local c. mapped

d. none of t$e abo%e

-!: 7n 7Pv08 a _______ address is used if a >A9 uses the 7nternet protocols but is not connected to the 7nternet for security reasons. a. lin) local b. site local c. mapped d. none of the above -+: 7n 7Pv08 a ______address is used if a site with several networ$s uses the 7nternet protocols but is not connected to the 7nternet for security reasons. a. lin$ local b. site local c. mapped d. none of the above

"2APER ,> 1: A besteffort delivery service such as 7Pv+ includes _______. a. error chec$ing b. error correction c. datagram ac$nowledgment d. none of t$e abo%e 2: 7n 7Pv+ header8 an C>9 value of decimal 16 means _______. a. there are 16 bytes of options b. there are +6 bytes of options c. there are 16 bytes in the header  d. t$ere are => bytes in t$e $eader  !: 7n 7Pv+8 what is the value of the total length field in bytes if the header is 24 bytes and the data field is +66 bytes/ a. =, b. +6 c. 16 d. +2 +: 7n 7Pv+8 what is the length of the data field given an C>9 value of 12 and total length value of

+68666/ a. !58544 b. +68612 c. +686+4 d. 3C@C7, -: An 7Pv+ datagram is fragmented into three smaller datagrams. hich of the following is true/ a. The EiFdo not fragmentE@iF bit is set to 1 for all three datagrams. b. The EiFmore fragmentE@iF bit is set to 6 for all three datagrams. c. $e identification field is t$e same for all t$ree datagrams. d. The offset field is the same for all three datagrams. 0: 7n 7Pv+8 if the fragment offset has a value of 1668 it means that _______. a. the datagram has not been fragmented b. the datagram is 166 bytes in si,e c. the first byte of the datagram is byte 166 d. t$e first byte of t$e datagram is byte >> : 7n 7Pv+8 what is needed to determine the number of the last byte of a fragment/ a. 7dentification number  b. to 0> bytes long b. is always 26 bytes long c. is always 06 bytes long d. depends on the T; 5: hich of the following is a necessary part of the 7Pv0 datagram/ a. Base $eader  b. 3tension header  c. *ata pac$et from the upper layer  d. %a& and %c& 16: 7n 7Pv08 the _______ field in the base header restricts the lifetime of a datagram. a. version b. ne3theader  c. $op limit d. neighboradvertisement 11: The ________ protocol is the transmission mechanism used by the T(P@7P suite. a. A)P

MCQ ON COMPUTER NETWORKS  Textbook  Textbook Referred: eferred: Data Communication &

Networking (Please Note All the Correct Answers Are Marked As BOLD)

CHAPTER 1 1: The _______ is the physical path over which a message travels. a. Protocol b. Medium c. Signal d. All the above

2: The information to be communicated in a data communications system is the _______. a. edium b. Protocol c. Message d. Transmission

!: "re#uency of failure and networ$ recovery time after a failure measured as the _______ of a networ$. %A& %A& Perf Perfor orma manc nce e %'& %'& Secur ecurit ity y %(& %(& )eli )eliab abil ilit ity y %*& %*& "eas "easib ibil ilit ity y

+: An unauthori,ed user is a networ$ _______ issue. a. Performance b. )eliability c. Security d. All the above -: hich topology re#uires a central controller or hub/ a. esh b. Star  c. 'us d. )ing 0: hich topology re#uires a multipoint connection/ a. esh

12: 7n the original A)PA9T8 _______ were directly connected together. a. IMPs b. host computers c. networ$s d. routers

1!: This was the first networ$. a. (S9T b. 9S"9T c. A9S9T d. ARPANE

1+: hich organi,ation has authority over interstate and international commerce in the communications field/ a. 7T;T b. 7 c. !"" d. 7Sine coding c. 'loc$ coding d. 9one of the above

26: Two common scrambling techni#ues are ________. a. 9)H and )H b. A7 and 9)H c. B?S and 2/B3 d. anchester and differential anchester  21: The most common techni#ue to change an analog signal to digital data is called __________. a. PA> b. P"M c. sampling d. none of the above 22: The first step in P( is ________. a. #uanti,ation b. modulation c. sampling d. none of the above 2!: There are three sampling methods: __________. a. #uanti,ed8 sampled8 and ideal b. ideal8 sampled8 and flattop c. ideal@ natural@ and flat-top d. none of the above

2+: ______ finds the value of the signal amplitude for each sampleB ____ finds the change from the

previous sample. a. *B P( b. P"M1 /M c. *B ( d. none of the above 2-: hile there is %are& only _____ way%s& to send parallel data8 there is %are& three subclass%es& of serial transmission. a. oneB two b. twoB three c. one1 t$ree d. none of the above

20: 7n ______ transmission8 we send 1 start bit %6& at the beginning and 1 or more stop bits %1s& at the end of each byte. a. synchronous b. async$ronous c. isochronous d. none of the above

2: 7n _________ transmission8 we send bits one after another without start or stop bits or gaps. 7t is the responsibility of the receiver to group the bits. a. sync$ronous b. asynchronous c. isochronous d. none of the above 24: The ________ mode provides synchroni,ation for the entire stream of bits must. 7n other words8 it guarantees that the data arrive at a fi3ed rate. a. synchronous b. asynchronous c. isoc$ronous d. none of the above

25: A _________ digital signal includes timing information in the data being transmitted. a. self-sync$roni5ing b. selfmodulated c. selftransmitted selftransmi tted d. none of the above !6: 7n decoding a digital signal8 the receiver calculates a running average of the received signal power8 called the _______.

a. baseline b. base c. line d. none of the above !1: The ________ rate defines the number of data elements sent in 1sB the ______ rate is the number of  signal elements sent in 1s. a. data1 signal b. signalB data c. baudB bit d. none of the above !2: The signal rate is sometimes called the ____ rate. a. baud b. bit c. signal d. none of the above

!!: The data rate is sometimes called the ___ rate. a. baud b. bit c. signal d. none of the above !+: 7n a _____ scheme8 all the signal levels are on one side of the time a3is8 either above or below. a. polar  b. bipolar  c. unipolar  d. all of the above !-: 7n ______ schemes8 the voltages are on the both sides of the time a3is. "or e3ample8 the voltage level for 6 can be positive and the voltage level for 1 can be negative. a. polar  b. bipolar  c. unipolar  d. all of the above !0: 7n _____8 the level of the voltage determines the value of the bit. a. 9)H7 b. NR?-& c. both %a& and %b& d. neither %a& nor %b&

!: 7n ______8 the change or lac$ of change in the level of the voltage determines the value of the bit. a. NR?-I b. 9)H> c. both %a& and %b& d. neither %a& nor %b&

!4: The idea of )H and the idea of 9)H> are combined into the ________ scheme. a. Manc$ester  b. differential anchester  c. both %a& and %b& d. neither %a& nor %b&

!5: The idea of )H and the idea of 9)H7 are combined into the ________ scheme. a. anchester  b. differential Manc$ester  c. both %a& and %b& d. neither %a& nor %b& +6: 7n _______ encoding8 the duration of the bit is divided into two halves. The voltage remains at one level during the first half and moves to the other level in the second half. The transition at the middle of the bit provides synchroni,ation. a. anchester  b. differential anchester  c. bot$ ;a< and ;b< d. neither %a& nor %b&

+1: 7n ___________ there is always a transition at the middle of the bit8 but the bit values are determined at the beginning of the bit. 7f the ne3t bit is 68 there is a transitionB if the ne3t bit is 18 there is none. a. anchester  b. differential Manc$ester  c. both %a& and %b& d. neither %a& nor %b&

+2: 7n anchester and differential anchester encoding8 the transition at the middle of the bit is used for  __________.  __________. a. bit transfer  b. baud transfer  c. sync$roni5ation d. none of the above

+!: The minimum bandwidth of anchester and differential anchester is ____ that of 9)H. a. the same as b. t(ice c. thrice d. none of the above ++: 7n _______encoding8 we use three levels: positive8 ,ero8 and negative. a. unipolar  b. bipolar  c. polar  d. none of the above

+-: The _____ scheme uses data patterns of si,e 2 and encodes the 2bit patterns as one signal element belonging to a fourlevel signal. a. +'-' b. ,B+ c. >T! d. none of the above

+0: The ______ scheme uses three levels %IG8 68 and G& and three transition rules to move between the levels. a. +'-' b. 2'1J c. M&-3 d. none of the above +: ______ substitutes eight consecutive ,eros with 666G'6G'. a. '+'4 b. C*'! c. B?S d. none of the above

+4: ______ substitutes four consecutive ,eros with 666G or '66G a. '+'4 b. 2/B3 c. '4HSf  d. none of the above

"2APER 7

1: ASD8 PSD8 "SD8 and JA are e3amples of ________ conversion. a. digitaltodigital b. digital-to-analog c. analogtoanalog d. analogtodigital

2: A and " are e3amples of ________ conversion. a. digitaltodigital b. digitaltoanalog c. analog-to-analog d. analogtodigital

!: 7n JA8 both ________ of a carrier fre#uency are varied. a. fre#uency and amplitude b. phase and fre#uency c. amplitude and p$ase d. none of the above +: 7f the baud rate is +66 for a JPSD signal8 the bit rate is ________ bps. a. 166 b. +66 c. >> d. 1066 -: 7f the bit rate for an ASD signal is 1266 bps8 the baud rate is ________. a. !66 b. +66 c. 066 d. +,>> 0: 7f the bit rate for an "SD signal is 1266 bps8 the baud rate is ________. a. !66 b. +66 c. 066 d. +,>> : 7f the bit rate for a 10JA signal is +666 bps8 what is the baud rate/ a. !66 b. +66 c. +>>> d. 1266 4: 7f the baud rate for a 0+JA signal is 26668 what is the bit rate/

a. !66 b. +66 c. 1666 d. +,>>> 5: iven an A radio signal with a bandwidth of 16 DC, and the highestfre#uency component at 6DC,8 what is the fre#uency of the carrier signal/ a. 8>> 425 b. 6- DC, c. 16 DC, d. (annot be determined from given information

16: _______ conversion is the process of changing one of the characteristics of an analog signal based on the information in the digital data. a. /igital-to-analog b. Analogtoanalog c. Analogtodigital d. *igitaltodigital 11: hich of the following is not a digitaltoanalog conversion/ a. ASD b. PSD c. "SD d. AM 12: 7n ________8 the amplitude of the carrier signal is varied to create signal elements. 'oth fre#uency and phase remain constant. a. AS4 b. PSD c. "SD d. JA

1!: 7n _________8 the fre#uency of the carrier signal is varied to represent data. 'oth pea$ amplitude and phase remain constant. a. ASD b. PSD c. !S4 d. JA 1+: 7n ________8 the phase of the carrier is varied to represent two or more different signal elements. 'oth pea$ amplitude and fre#uency remain constant. a. ASD b. PS4

c. "SD d. JA 1-: A constellation diagram shows us the __________ of a signal element8 particularly when we are using two carriers %one inphase and one #uadrature&. a. amplitude and p$ase b. amplitude and fre#uency c. fre#uency and phase d. none of the above

10: Juadrature amplitude modulation %JA& is a combination of ___________. a. ASD and "SD b. AS4 and PS4 c. PSD and "SD d. none of the above

1: ________ uses two carriers8 one inphase and the other #uadrature. a. ASD b. PSD c. "SD d. AM 14: _________ conversion is the representation of analog information by an analog signal. a. *igitaltoanalog b. Analog-to-analog c. Analogtodigital d. *igitaltodigital 15: Analogtoanalog conversion is needed if the available bandwidth is _______. a. lowpass b. band-pass c. either %a& or %b& d. neither %a& nor %b&

26: hich of the following is not an analogtoanalog conversion/ a. A b. P c. " d. AM

21: 7n _____ transmission8 the carrier signal is modulated so that its amplitude varies with the changing amplitudes of the modulating signal. a. AM b. P c. " d. none of the above

22: 7n _____ transmission8 the fre#uency of the carrier signal is modulated to follow the changing voltage level %amplitude& of the modulating signal. The pea$ amplitude and phase of the carrier signal remain constant8 but as the amplitude of the information signal changes8 the fre#uency of the carrier changes correspondingly. a. A b. P c. !M d. none of the above 2!: 7n _____ transmission8 the phase of the carrier signal is modulated to follow the changing voltage level %amplitude& of the modulating signal. a. A b. PM c. " d. none of the above

2+: 7n _______8 the pea$ amplitude of one signal level is 6B the other is the same as the amplitude of the carrier fre#uency. a. PSD b. **4 c. "SD d. none of the above

2-: Cow many carrier fre#uencies are used in 'ASD/ a. 2 b. + c. 6 d. none of the above

20: Cow many carrier fre#uencies are used in '"SD/

b. +> c. 26 d. none of the above

!+: The "ederal (ommunications (ommission %"((& allows ______ $C, for each " station. a. 26 b. +>> c. 266 d. none of the above

"2APER 0 1: The sharing of a medium and its lin$ by two or more devices is called _______. a. modulation b. encoding c. line discipline d. multiplexing

2: hich multiple3ing techni#ue transmits analog signals/ a. "* b. T* c. * d. ;a< and ;c< !: hich multiple3ing techni#ue transmits digital signals/ a. "* b. /M c. * d. 9one of the above

+: hich multiple3ing techni#ue shifts each signal to a different carrier fre#uency/ a. "* b. T* c. 'oth %a& and %b& d. None of t$e abo%e

-: 7n synchronous T*8 for EiFnE@iF signal sources of the same data rate8 each frame contains _______  slots. a. 9i:n9#i: b. EiFnE@iF I 1 c. EiFnE@iF  1

d. 6 to EiFnE@iF 0: 7n T*8 the transmission rate of the multiple3ed path is usually _______ the sum of the transmission rates of the signal sources. a. greater t$an b. less than c. e#ual to d. not related to

: hich multiple3ing techni#ue involves signals composed of light beams/ a. "* b. T* c. '/M d. none of the above

4: _________ utili,ation is the use of available bandwidth to achieve specific goals. a. "re#uency b. Band(idt$ c. Amplitude d. 9one of the above

5: ________ can be achieved by using multiple3ingB ______ can be achieved by using spreading. a. Efficiency1 pri%acy and antiamming b. Privacy and antiKammingB efficiency c. Privacy and efficiencyB antiKamming d. fficiency and antiKammingB privacy

16: ________ is the set of techni#ues that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single data lin$. a. *emodulating b. Multiplexing c. (ompressing d. 9one of the above 11: 7n a multiple3ed system8 __ lines share the bandwidth of ____ lin$. a. 1B EiFnE@iF b. 1B 1 c. 9i:n9#i:1 + d. EiFnE@iFB EiFnE@iF

12: The word ______ refers to the portion of a _______ that carries a transmission. a. c$annel1 lin) b. lin$B channel c. lineB channel d. lineB lin$

1!: ______ can be applied when the bandwidth of a lin$ %in hert,& is greater than the combined bandwidths of the signals to be transmitted. a. T* b. !/M c. 'oth %a& or %b& d. 9either %a& or %b& 1+: "S is an _________techni#ue. a. analog b. digital c. either %a& or %b& d. none of the above

1-: ____ is designed to use the high bandwidth capability of fiberoptic cable. a. "* b. /M c. * d. 9one of the above 10: ______ is an analog multiple3ing techni#ue to combine optical signals. a. "* b. T* c. '/M d. 9one of the above

1: _____ is a digital process that allows several connections to share the high bandwidth of a lin$. a. "* b. /M c. * d. 9one of the above

14: _____ is a digital multiple3ing techni#ue for combining several lowrate channels into one highrate one.

a. "* b. T* c. * d. 9one of the above

15: e can divide ____ into two different schemes: synchronous or statistical. a. "* b. /M c. * d. none of the above

26: 7n ________ T*8 each input connection has an allotment in the output even if it is not sending data. a. sync$ronous b. statistical c. isochronous d. none of the above

21: 7n ________ T*8 slots are dynamically allocated to improve bandwidth efficiency. a. synchronous b. statistical c. isochronous d. none of the above 22: 7n ________8 we combine signals from different sources to fit into a larger bandwidth. a. spread spectrum b. line coding c. bloc$ coding d. none of the above 2!: _______ is designed to be used in wireless applications in which stations must be able to share the medium without interception by an eavesdropper and without being subKect to Kamming from a malicious intruder. a. Spread spectrum b. ultiple3ing c. odulation d. 9one of the above. 2+: The _______ techni#ue uses  different carrier fre#uencies that are modulated by the source signal.  At one moment8 the sign modulates one carrier fre#uencyB at the ne3t moment8 the signal modulates another carrier fre#uency. a. "*

b. *SSS c. !2SS d. T*

2-: The ______ techni#ue e3pands the bandwidth of a signal by replacing each data bit with EiFnE@iF bits. a. "* b. /SSS c. "CSS d. T*

"2APER 8 1: Transmission media are usually categori,ed as _______. a. fi3ed or unfi3ed b. guided or unguided c. determinate or indeterminate d. metallic or nonmetallic

2: Transmission media lie below the _______ layer. a. p$ysical b. networ$ c. transport d. application

!: _______ cable consists of an inner copper core and a second conducting outer sheath. a. Twistedpair  b. "oaxial c. "iberoptic d. Shielded twistedpair  +: 7n fiber optics8 the signal is _______ waves. a. lig$t b. radio c. infrared d. very lowfre#uency -: hich of the following primarily uses guided media/ a. cellular telephone system b. local telep$one system c. satellite communications

d. radio broadcasting

0: hich of the following is not a guided medium/ a. twistedpair cable b. coa3ial cable c. fiberoptic cable d. atmosp$ere : hat is the maKor factor that ma$es coa3ial cable less susceptible to noise than twistedpair cable/ a. inner conductor  b. diameter of cable c. outer conductor  d. insulating material

4: 7n an optical fiber8 the inner core is _______ the cladding. a. denser t$an b. less dense than c. the same density as d. another name for 

5: The inner core of an optical fiber is _______ in composition. a. glass or plastic b. copper  c. bimetallic d. li#uid

16: hen a beam of light travels through media of two different densities8 if the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle8 _______ occurs. a. reflection b. refraction c. incidence d. criticism

11: hen the angle of incidence is _______ the critical angle8 the light beam bends along the interface. a. more than b. less than c. e6ual to d. none of the above

12: Signals with a fre#uency below 2 C, use _______ propagation. a. ground b. s$y c. lineofsight d. none of the above

1!: Signals with a fre#uency between 2 C, and !6 C, use ______ propagation. a. ground b. s)y c. lineofsight d. none of the above

1+: Signals with a fre#uency above !6 C, use _______propagation. a. ground b. s$y c. line-of-sig$t d. none of the above

1-: A parabolic dish antenna is a%n& _______ antenna. a. omnidirectional b. bidirectional c. unidirectional d. horn

10: A%n& _____ medium provides a physical conduit from one device to another. a. guided b. unguided c. either %a& or %b& d. none of the above

1: ________ cable consists of two insulated copper wires twisted together. a. (oa3ial b. "iberoptic c. (isted-pair  d. none of the above

14: _______ cable is used for voice and data communications. a. (oa3ial b. "iberoptic c. (isted-pair  d. none of the above 15: __________ consists of a central conductor and a shield. a. "oaxial b. "iberoptic c. Twistedpair  d. none of the above 26: _____ cable can carry signals of higher fre#uency ranges than _____ cable. a. TwistedpairB fiberoptic b. (oa3ialB fiberoptic c. "oaxial1 t(isted-pair  d. none of the above 21: ______ cables are composed of a glass or plastic inner core surrounded by cladding8 all encased in an outside Kac$et. a. (oa3ial b. !iber-optic c. Twistedpair  d. none of the above

22: ______ cables carry data signals in the form of light. a. (oa3ial b. !iber-optic c. Twistedpair  d. none of the above

2!: 7n a fiberoptic cable8 the signal is propagated along the inner core by _______. a. reflection b. refraction c. modulation d. none of the above 2+: _________ media transport electromagnetic waves without the use of a physical conductor. a. uided b. nguided c. ither %a& or %b& d. 9one of the above

2-: )adio waves are _________. a. omnidirectional b. unidirectional c. bidirectional d. none of the above 20: icrowaves are _________. a. omnidirectional b. unidirectional c. bidirectional d. none of the above

2: _______ are used for cellular phone8 satellite8 and wireless >A9 communications. a. )adio waves b. Micro(a%es c. 7nfrared waves d. none of the above

24: ________ are used for shortrange communications such as those between a P( and a peripheral device. a. )adio waves b. icrowaves c. Infrared (a%es d. none of the above

"2APER  1: Traditionally8 _____ methods of switching have been important. a. four  b. t$ree c. five d. si3

2: e can divide today?s networ$s into ____ broad categories. a. four  b. t$ree c. five d. two

!: Pac$etswitched networ$s can also be divided into ______subcategories: virtualcircuit networ$s and datagram networ$s a. four  b. three c. t(o d. five +: A ________ networ$ is made of a set of switches connected by physical lin$s8 in which each lin$ is divided into EiFnE@iF channels. a. lineswitched b. frameswitched c. circuit-s(itc$ed d. none of the above -: (ircuit switching ta$es place at the ________ layer. a. data line b. p$ysical c. networ$ d. transport

0: 7n _______8 the resources need to be reserved during the setup phaseB the resources remain dedicated for the entire duration of data transfer phase until the teardown phase. a. datagram switching b. circuit s(itc$ing c. frame switching d. none of the above : 7n _________8 there is no resource allocation for a pac$et. a. datagram s(itc$ing b. circuit switching c. frame switching d. none of the above

4: 7n _________8 resources are allocated on demand. a. datagram s(itc$ing b. circuit switching c. frame switching d. none of the above

5: 7n __________8 each pac$et is treated independently of all others. a. datagram s(itc$ing b. circuit switching c. frame switching d. none of the above

16: 7n _______ there are no setup or teardown phases. a. datagram s(itc$ing b. circuit switching c. frame switching d. none of the above 11: A _________ networ$ is a cross between a circuitswitched networ$ and a datagram networ$. 7t has some characteristics of both. a. %irtual-circuit b. pac$etswitched c. frameswitched d. none of the above

12: e can say that a pac$et switch has _______ types of components. a. two b. three c. four  d. none of the above 1!: The simplest type of switching fabric is the ______ switch. a. crosspoint b. crossbar  c. TS7 d. STS

1+: A ________ switch is a multistage switch with microswitches at each stage that route the pac$ets based on the output port represented as a binary string. a. crossbar  b. TS7 c. banyan d. none of the above

1-: 7n a banyan switch8 for 4 inputs and 4 outputs8 we have _____ stages. a. 4 b. + c. 3 d. 2

10: 7n a banyan switch8 for 4 inputs and 4 outputs8 we have _____ microswitches at each stage. a. 4 b. = c. ! d. 2

1: A ________ switch combines spacedivision and timedivision technologies to ta$e advantage of the best of both. a. S b. SSS c. TTT d. none of the above 14: The most popular technology in timedivision switching is called the _________. a. ST7 b. 7TS c. SI d. none of the above

15: 'ased on the (los criteria8 if 9 L 2668 then EiFnE@iF must be e#ual to or greater than ____. a. +> b. 26 c. !6 d. +6

26: 'ased on the (los criteria8 if 9 L 2668 then EiF$E@iF must be e#ual to or greater than ____. a. 21 b. +C c. !1 d. +1

21: 'ased on the (los criteria8 if 9 L 2668 then the minimum number of crosspoints is greater than or e#ual to _______. a. +7@,>> b. 148666 c. +28666 d. 268666 22: 7n a onestage space division switch8 if 9 L 2668 the number of crosspoints is ______. a. 168666 b. 268666 c. =>@>>> d. !68666

2!: 7n a threestage space division switch8 if 9 L 2668 the number of crosspoints is ______. a. +68666 b. greater than +68666 c. less t$an =>@>>> d. greater than 1668666 2+: A ________ switch combines crossbar switches in several %normally three& stages. a. multistage b. multiple crossbar  c. multiple path d. none of the above 2-: 7n _______ switching8 the paths in the circuit are separated from one another spatially. a. timedivision b. space-di%ision c. twodimensional d. threedimensional

20: A switched A9 is normally implemented as a _______ networ$. a. %irtual-circuit b. datagram c. circuitswitched d. none of the above 2: 7n a ________ networ$8 two types of addressing are involved: global and local. a. %irtual-circuit b. datagram c. circuitswitched d. none of the above 24: The networ$ layer in the 7nternet is designed as a __________ networ$.

a. virtualcircuit b. datagram c. circuitswitched d. none of the above 25: A switch in a datagram networ$ uses a routing table that is based on the ______ address. a. source b. destination c. local d. none of the above !6: The _______ address in the header of a pac$et in a datagram networ$ normally remains the same during the entire Kourney of the pac$et. a. source b. destination c. local d. none of the above

"2APER C 1: A local telephone networ$ is an e3ample of a _______ networ$. a. pac$etswitched b. circuit-s(itc$ed c. messageswitched d. none of the above

2: The local loop has _______ cable that connects the subscriber telephone to the nearest end office. a. t(isted-pair  b. coa3ial c. fiberoptic d. none of the above

!: *ata from a computer are _______B the local loop handles _______ signals. a. analogB analog b. analogB digital c. digitalB digital d. digital1 analog

+: _______ is suitable for businesses that re#uire comparable upstream and downstream data rates.

b. do(nstream c. upstream and downstream d. none of the above 11: 7n an C"( networ$8 the downstream data are modulated using the _______ modulation techni#ue. a. PSD b. AM c. P( d. ASD 12: 7n an C"( networ$8 the upstream data are modulated using the _______ modulation techni#ue. a. JA b. PS4 c. P( d. ASD 1!: The standard for data transmission over an C"( networ$ is called _______. a. (9S b. /*"SIS c. (TS d. A*S> 1+: The original telephone networ$8 which is referred to as the plain old telephone system %P c. 26B 21 d. none of the above 2!: 7n "TP8 _______ is the service type used by the 7P protocol because this is an interactive connection between a user %human& and a server. a. ma3imi,e throughput b. minimi5e delay c. minimi,e error  d. none of the above 2+: "or the control connection8 "TP uses the __________ character set a. regular AS(77 b. '(*7( c. N AS"II d. none of the above 2-: *uring an "TP session the control connection is opened _______. a. exactly once b. e3actly twice c. as many times as necessary d. none of the above 20: *uring an "TP session the data connection is opened _______. a. e3actly once b. e3actly twice c. as many times as necessary d. none of the above 2: 7n "TP8 a file can be organi,ed into records8 pages8 or a stream of bytes. These are types of an attribute called _______. a. file types b. data structures c. transmission modes d. none of the above 24: 7n "TP8 there are three types of _______: stream8 bloc$8 and compressed. a. file types b. data structures c. transmission modes d. none of the above 25: 7n "TP8 AS(778 '(*7(8 and image define an attribute called _______. a. file type

 _____services. a. switchedB inband b. outofbandB inband c. s(itc$ed1 leased d. leasedB outofband 2+: The two most common digital services are ________ service and ______. a. switched@-0B switched@0+ b. s(itc$ed#701 //S c. **SB swiched 0+ d. leasedB outofband 2-: The term EiFmodemE@iF is a composite word that refers to the two functional entities that ma$e up the device: a signal _______ and a signal _______. a. modulator1 demodulator  b. demodulatorB modulator  c. modernB demo d. none of the above 20: ost popular modems available are based on the ________standards. a. -series b. =series c. G=series d. none of the above

2: ______technology is a set of technologies develpoed by the telephone companies to provide high data rate transmission. a. AS> b. /S& c. >*S d. none of the above

24: The traditional cable TG system used ________cable end to end. a. twistedpair  b. coaxial c. fiberoptic d. none of the above

25: The second generation of cable networ$s is called a%n& _________ networ$.

a. 2!" b. C(" c. ("C d. none of the above !6: The C"( networ$ uses _______ cable. a. twistedpair  b. coa3ial c. fiberoptic d. a combination of ;b< and ;c<

!1: To use a cable networ$ for data transmission8 we need two $ey devices: a ______ and a _________  a. (B (S b. (TB (TS c. "M1 "MS d. none of the above

"2APER +> 1: hich error detection method uses one?s complement arithmetic/ a. Simple parity chec$ b. Twodimensional parity chec$ c. ()( d. "$ec)sum 2: hich error detection method consists of Kust one redundant bit per data unit/ a. Simple parity c$ec) b. Twodimensional parity chec$ c. ()( d. (hec$sum !: 7n cyclic redundancy chec$ing8 what is the ()(/ a. The divisor  b. The #uotient c. The dividend d. $e remainder 

+: 7n cyclic redundancy chec$ing8 the divisor is _______ the ()(. a. The same si,e as b. one bit less than c. one bit more t$an d. none of the above

-: A burst error means that two or more bits in the data unit have changed. a. doublebit b. burst c. singlebit d. none of the above 0: 7n ________ error correction8 the receiver corrects errors without re#uesting retransmission. a. bac$ward b. onward c. for(ard d. none of the above : 7n ________ error correction8 the receiver as$s the sender to send the data again. a. bac$ward b. retransmission c. forward d. none of the above 4: e can divide coding schemes into two broad categories: ________ and ______coding. a. bloc$B linear  b. linearB nonlinear  c. bloc)1 con%olution d. none of the above

5: 7n modulo2 arithmetic8 __________ give the same results. a. addition and multiplication b. addition and division c. addition and subtraction d. none of the above 16: 7n modulo2 arithmetic8 we use the ______ operation for both addition and subtraction. a. D*R b. !

2: 7f an thernet destination address is 6:61:62:6!:6+:6-8 then this is a ______ address. a. unicast b. multicast c. broadcast d. any of the above !: 7f an thernet destination address is 64:6:60:6-:++:!!8 then this is a ______ address. a. unicast b. multicast c. broadcast d. any of the above +: hich of the following could not be an thernet unicast destination/ a. =38B0"/E+>>> b. ++:AA:(1:2!:+-:!2 c. +0:-0:21:1A:*:"+ d. +4:!2:21:21:+*:!+ -: hich of the following could not be an thernet multicast destination/ a. ':':0(:*:16:66 b. ':AA:(1:2!:+-:!2 c. 8"70,++A/E!= d. 4!:!2:21:21:+*:!+ 0: _______ is the most widely used local area networ$ protocol. a. To$en )ing b. To$en 'us c. Et$ernet d. none of the above : The 7 462.! Standard defines _________ (SA@(* as the access method for firstgeneration 16 bps thernet. a. +-persistent b. ppersistent c. nonpersistent d. none of the above

4: The _______ layer of thernet consists of the >>( sublayer and the A( sublayer. a. data lin) b. physical c. networ$ d. none of the above

5: The _____ sublayer is responsible for the operation of the (SA@(* access method and framing. a. >>( b. 77 c. MA" d. none of the above 16: ach station on an thernet networ$ has a uni#ue _______ address imprinted on its networ$ interface card %97(&. a. -byte b. !2bit c. =-bit d. none of the above 11: The minimum frame length for 16bps thernet is _______bytes. a. !2 b. 46 c. 124 d. none of t$e abo%e 12: The ma3imum frame length for 16bps thernet is ________ bytes. a. +7+ b. 1-66 c. 1266 d. none of the above 1!: _________ uses thic$ coa3ial cable. a. +>Base7 b. 16'ase2 c. 16'aseT d. 16'ase" 1+: __________ uses thin coa3ial cable. a. 16'aseb. +>Base, c. 16'aseT d. 16'ase"

1-: _________ uses four twistedpair cables that connect each station to a common hub. a. 16'aseb. 16'ase2 c. +>Base- d. 16'ase" 10: ________ uses fiberoptic cable. a. 16'aseb. 16'ase2 c. 16'aseT d. +>Base-! 1: "ast thernet has a data rate of ________bps. a. 16 b. +>> c. 1666 d. 168666 14: 7n _________8 autonegotiation allows two devices to negotiate the mode or data rate of operation. a. Standard b. !ast Et$ernet c. igabit thernet d. Tenigabit Tenigabit thernet 15: __________ uses two pairs of twistedpair cable. a. +>>Base-D b. 166'ase"= c. 166'aseT+ d. none of the above 26: _________ uses two fiberoptic cables. a. 166'aseT= b. +>>Base-!D c. 166'aseT+ d. none of the above

21: _________ uses four pairs of voicegrade8 or higher8 twistedpair cable. a. 166'aseT= b. 166'ase"= c. +>>Base-= d. none of the above 22: igabit thernet has a data rate of ________bps. a. 16

b. 166 c. +>>> d. 168666 2!: igabit thernet access methods include _______ mode. a. halfduple3 b. fullduple3 c. bot$ ;a< and ;b< d. neither %a& nor %b& 2+: __________ uses two optical fibers and a shortwave laser source8 a. +>>>Base-SD b. 1666'ase>= c. 1666'aseT d. none of the above 2-: __________uses two optical fibers and a longwave laser source. a. 1666'aseS= b. +>>>Base-&D c. 1666'aseT d. none of the above 20: __________ uses four twisted pairs. a. 1666'aseS= b. 1666'ase>= c. +>>>Base- d. none of the above 2: ________ uses shortwave 4-6nm multimode fiber. a. +>HBase-S b. 16'ase> c. 16'ase d. none of the above 24: ________uses longwave 1!16nm single mode fiber. a. 16'aseS b. +>HBase-& c. 16'ase d. none of the above 25: ________ uses 1--6mm single mode fiber. a. 16'aseS b. 16'ase> c. +>HBase-E

d. none of the above

!6: 7n thernet addressing8 if the least significant bit of the first byte is 68 the address is _________. a. unicast b. multicast c. broadcast d. none of the above !1: 7n thernet addressing8 if the least significant bit of the first byte is 18 the address is _________. a. unicast b. multicast c. broadcast d. none of the above !2: 7n thernet addressing8 if all the bits are 1s8 the address is _________. a. unicast b. multicast c. broadcast d. none of the above !!: ______defines a protocol data unit %P*;& that is somewhat similar to that of C*>(. a. A( b. &&" c. >>; d. none of the above !+: The purpose of the _______ is to provide flow and error control for the upperlayer protocols that actually demand these services a. A( b. &&" c. >>; d. none of the above !-: 7n the thernet8 the _______field is actually added at the physical layer and is not %formally& part of the frame. a. ()( b. preamble c. address d. none of the above

!0: 7n the thernet frame8 the _______ field contains error detection information. a. "R" b. preamble c. address d. none of the above !: Standard thernet %16bps& uses _______ encoding a. 9)H b. A7 c. Manc$ester  d. differential anchester  !4: 166'aseT= uses _________ bloc$ coding and ________ line coding. a. +'@-'B 9)H b. 4'@16'B 9)H c. =B#7B1 M&-3 d. 4'@16'B 9)H !5: 166'ase"= uses _________ bloc$ coding and ________ line coding. a. =B#7B1 NR?-I b. 4'@16'B 9)H c. +'@-'B >T! d. 4'@16'B 9)H +6: 166'aseT+ uses ________ line coding. a. 9)H b. B0 c. >T! d. anchester  +1: 1666'aseS=8 1666'ase>=8 and 1666'ase(= use _________ bloc$ coding and ________ line coding. a. +'@-'B 9)H b. B#+>B1 NR? c. +'@-'B >T! d. 4'@16'B 9)H +2: 1666'aseT uses ________ line coding. a. =/-PAM7 b. 4'0T c. >T! d. anchester 

: 7n 7 462.118 a station with ________mobility can move from one 'SS to another8 but the movement is confined inside one SS. a. notransition b. BSS-transition c. SStransition d. none of the above 4: 7n 7 462.118 a station with ________ mobility can move from one SS to another. a. notransition b. 'SStransition c. ESS-transition d. none of the above 5: 7n 7 462.118 _______ is an optional access method that can be implemented in an infrastructure networ$ %not in an ad hoc networ$&. a. *(" b. P"! c. either %a& or %b& d. neither %a& nor %b& 16: 7n 7 462.118 when a frame is going from one station in a 'SS to another without passing through the distribution system8 the address flag is _____  a. >> b. 61 c. 16 d. 11 11: 7n 7 462.118 when a frame is coming from an AP and going to a station8 the address flag is  _______. a. 66 b. >+ c. 16 d. 11 12: 7n 7 462.118 when a frame is going from a station to an AP8 the address flag is _____. a. 66 b. 61 c. +> d. 11

c. D** d. none of the above

2!: The secret $ey between members needs to be created as a ______ $ey when two members contact D*(. a. public b. session c. complimentary d. none of the above 2+: __________ is a popular session $ey creator protocol that re#uires an authentication server and a tic$etgranting server. a. D*( b. 4erberos c. (A d. none of the above 2-: A%n& ________is a federal or state organi,ation that binds a public $ey to an entity and issues a certificate. a. D*( b. Derberos c. "A d. none of the above 20: A%n& ______ is a hierarchical system that answers #ueries about $ey certification. a. D*( b. PD7 c. "A d. none of the above 2: The _______ criterion states that it must be e3tremely difficult or impossible to create the message if the message digest is given. a. one-(ayness b. wea$collisionresistance c. strongcollisionresistance d. none of the above 24: The ________ criterion ensures that a message cannot easily be forged. a. onewayness

26: The original 7 462.118 uses _________. a. "CSS b. *SSS c. +1: 'luetooth uses ______method in the physical layer to avoid interference from other devices or other networ$s. a. *SSS b. !2SS c. "*A d. none of the above

"2APER +7 1: A repeater is a connecting device that operates in the _______ layer of the 7nternet model. a. p$ysical b. data lin$ c. networ$ d. all of the above 2: A _______ regenerates a signal8 connects segments of a >A98 and has no filtering capability. a. repeater  b. bridge c. router  d. none of the above !: A _______ is a connecting device that operates in the physical and data lin$ layers of the 7nternet model. a. repeater  b. bridge c. router  d. none of the above

+: A ________ bridge can forward and filter frames and automatically build its forwarding table. a. simple b. dual c. transparent d. none of the above -: A bridge can use the _________ algorithm to create a loopless topology.

a. binary tree b. spanning tree c. multiway tree d. none of the above 0: A _______ >A9 allows several >A9s to be connected. a. bac)bone b. wireless c. wired d. none of the above : A bac$bone is usually a ______. a. bus b. star  c. eit$er ;a< or ;b< d. neither %a& nor %b& 4: A virtual local area networ$ %G>A9& is configured by _________. a. soft(are b. physical wiring c. hardware d. none of the above 5: embership in a G>A9 can be based on _________. a. port numbers b. A( addresses c. 7P addresses d. all of t$e abo%e 16: G>A9s can_________. a. reduce networ$ traffic b. provide an e3tra measure of security c. either %a& or %b& d. bot$ ;a< and ;b< 11: _________ is Kust a connector. a. An active hub b. A passi%e $ub c. either %a& or %b& d. neither %a& nor %b&

12: 7n a startopology thernet >A98 _______ is Kust a point where the signals coming from different stations collideB it is the collision point.