Four Theories of Punishment

c
  



  
  

@

  


KEY WORDS: p
 
 
± the death penalty for a crime or offence.





± the idea that punishments should be of such a nature that they will put people off committing crime. 


  ± restore to normal life.


 ± the idea that punishments should try to change criminals so they will not commit crimes again. 
  ± the idea that punishments should make criminals pay for what they have done wrong.


 



c
  



  
  

@@ Retribution is the theory that criminals should pay for their crime. Many people think this should be the main reason for punishment because: ^ Ôt makes criminals pay for their crime in proportion to the severity of the crime they have committed. Ôn the past retributive punishments would have killed those who committed murder and taken the eyes out of those who blinded someone.

^ Ôt makes criminals suffer for what they have done wrong. Criminals make their victims suffer, so the criminals should also suffer. ^ Ôt actually punishes the criminal, the dictionary definition of punish is µto make an offender suffer for what they have done and this is exactly what retribution does.

@p Deterrence is the theory that the punishment should put people off committing crime. Many people think deterrence should be the main reason for punishment because the aim of punishment is to stop people committing crime. The deterrent should be so severe no one will dare to commit crimes. For example: ^ Ôf someone knows they will have their hand cut off if they are caught stealing. ^ Ôf people know they will be executed if they are found guilty, they will not commit murder.

  


 



c
  



  
  

 Reform is the theory that criminals should be taught not to commit crime again. Many people think reform should be the main reason for punishment because: ^ They believe the only way to stop crime is to reform the criminal so that they become honest law-abiding citizens who will not want to commit crimes again. ^ They believe that most criminals commit crimes because of their upbringing and because they do not know how to live without crime. ^ Reformative punishments often involve giving criminals education and qualifications so that they can find a proper job and no longer feel the need to be a criminal (rehabilitation of offenders).

@p@ arotection is the theory that punishment should protect society from criminals and their activities. Many people think this should be the main reason for punishment, so, for example, they think: ^ Capital punishment is a good punishment for murderers and terrorists because if they are dead they cannot threaten people. ^ ‰ong prison sentences are a good punishment for violent people or persistent burglars as they keep them out of society so that people and their property are protected. ^ Community service can be a good punishment for hooligans and vandals because it keeps them off the streets in their leisure time.

N.B Most forms of punishment are a mixture of theories. For example, imprisonment can deter, protect, inflict retribution and give reformation through education, training and counselling.


 



c
  



  
  


        !
  "  !#
$        %"&
! &
!    " "  #'
$               
 



c
  



  
  

     )*     + 
&, # $-
  
 "   #

$ 
 ! " "& 
 
 ! #.
$                  (