Foundation Design for Reciprocating Compressors_Arya

:!

e c p ro r o ca c a t n g c o p re r e ss ss o Comp Compre ress ssor or oper operat atin in

are

freq freque uenc ncie ie

close fo foun founda dati tion on natu natura ra freq freque uenc ncie ie to avoi avoi

inco incorp rpor orat atio io

oper operat atin in

oo ooti ting ng

problems

into into lump lumped ed-p -para arame mete ter, r,

rest restin in

soil soils. s.

Reci Recipr proc ocat atin in

es

Co.,

ou oust ston on iver iversi sity ty of

an ou oust ston on

achi achine nes. s.

ry

ra

sors sors s, nter nterna nall-co co bu bust st on en ines ines an um prod prod ce reci recipr proocati cating ng forc forces es si gl cy inde inde engi engine ne is in eren erentl tl un unba ballance anced, d, ho ever ever in ltic ltic li de en ines ines an co ress ressor or

and Rola Roland nd P. Drew Drewye yer, r,

Th CE-L CE-Lum um us eorg eorg incu incus, s,

mass mass-sp -spri ring ng-da -dash shpo po

usto usto

in

them

7. re uenc uenc es usua usua ly li very very cl se to th

atur atural al

requ requen enci cies es rt

Th

gnit gnitud ud

of vibr vibrat atio io

ra

ra

ampl amplit itud ud re

at reson resonan ance ce cond condii-

s.

se si

re

tion esig esig

ri th

mach machin ine. e.

crit criter eria ia

A. can experi-

ra

can

sp re

dyna dynami mi

subg subgra rade de

re

re

ing

reaction,"

vert vert ca

an

tl

isti istingv ngv brat bratio io

de

re

sual sually ly inde indepe penn-

rc ..J

-c

sU'b sU'b othe othe

re or s, contraryto th su

expe expens nsiv iv

an

ti

91

rd

elas elasti ticc- alfalf-sp spac ac theo theory ry ry ro

th

~tFz

cons consum umin ing. g.

E.lastic~half-space theory. and to as

be handled with some simplifieation.v -s

se -i sp

of energy

HYDROCARBONROCESSING

The

so ro ry Fig. Fig. 1- ix vibr vibrat at on odes odes of bloc blockk-ty type pe foun founda dati tion on (Tra (Tra slatio lationa na modes modes vertic vertical, al, longi longitud tudin inal, al, latera lateral. l. Rotat Rotation ional modes modes twisti twisting ng rocki rocking ng pitchi pitching ng). ).

TABLE

c ta n l u a r Gr

t:":'Il.

ertical

u) Gr

2(1

Horizontal

k"

Roddnll

'2 --.... I"-T---"-,-I

(A VERnCA EXCITATION

(B HORIZONTAL TRANSLATION

0_".

1 -

k.

' B l . 1I

e} G6

(1

l=": a",BL;.

SGr."

Pitching

........t:

k"

7 8Gr

,.,1__"

oo tn

"+

1-.

16

Torsion

No solution available. Us equivalen circular footing eqa,

ke--Gr'

T,(t)

II.

K..m~

f1C.

" •• " s

_2!_

of

hlr..

2i

LIB.

TABLE

f(

spri

co stant'

Motion Vertical

(D TORSIONA EXCITAnON T,(t)

u)

Horizontal

),

cl ng

Note,

i tc h

i. th

'0

fe ti

ep

of e mb ed me n

r;

is the equivalen

an

IJ

foundatiOl

after some time.

TABLE Fig.

-Qscillation

tica

ro le

odes

erti al

ic

ti

Mode of Vlbra. tlon

la er

es lt

ck

ibit

ca

is

be considered. Failure

(1)

criteria.

{2} static an io

fo

litu

re

ance co io

Hort-

r.-~

zontal

th fo ti g, (3) vibralo it an eler ti

TorsIon-

at

itions an tead

th tate

re ulting ib atio

C.

0.288

"fT."

32(1-.)

pro'

~BL(B'+LI) r. &.

Be--

(5)

"+

0.1 ...

pro'

(l+,,+B+> ;".a+

Ie

0.50

pro'

fe

Co .....

for

ar us

lu

,;.. (1+".B.,,>

It

3(1-0)

B+----

";B. 0.15...

3(I-v)

B.----

ag ificatio

ancho

th

7-S.

B,.------

PitchInll

--c: -a 0.425

yr."

ck is investigated

C.G.

(4)

r.-~

D.

Ratio (I-v)

Vertical

Roddng

atio

amic settle en la

M.

im

(C.G.) of

for

For

act.

and

B+

in term. of

h/,•. Value

by ir

machin

ta

ti

ibra io

as the

en ated

can An isolation

(OSHA).

system ev

ra

is

ti

to

ther

te

to

1.5

.....

11/1

1/111

-~

, . . -

i-""'""

r1.0

1Io1~

°l~

!Xl

!au

. .. .. . n o t J lO I I Ii b l

1.584

D 4 > ' . . 23

D",•...

.782

1.041

1.

D••...

-.05

10

B4>" .222

115

ft...

.06

1 1. 75 8

l b o . f t ./ R a d .

"4

73

(f) Tot.al d a m p i n g

1:4>..

l b o . f t ./ B a d .

IJS23

C IJ :

32

B•...

damping

(d) Magnijicatioa faet.or

r.

1. 35

10'

lbo./ft.

(d) Geometrical d a m p i n g ratio

--

r...

15.75 ft.

.. 2 7. 5 f t

~ 4 > . . 0.45

erect.

e ) V ib r n g f o c e ( mu . . .bIoIute amp!.)

21.50 ft.

.. 1 5 .7 5 f t

1.232

1Is"

(d EqvL spring conatan

(rpm)

388515.8

l b . . .. .. . l .f t .

Fig.

coellietent

~~

815144.4 l b . . .. .. . . .( t .

11.14 ft.

r...

Ex";t.ti ..

PitclUa. 1 4> (m ac h 14>(footing)

382318132.2 l b . . .. .. . · / f t

II

Ef .1

(e) Sprin~ COIIIItant

(b)~_fnlq.

Rock;.. I!xcil.ti ..

Hori_tal

11.14 ft.

r...

Ta

& eq .

O.K.

ti

I!xcitati .. (".Direct; ••

!xcitati ..

382318/32.2 I b . . .. .. . / f t .

II

12

Embedment f o r . p ri n g COIIItaDt

(e) Iatemal

sf

Will

111,&;.] Spriac Co_tut (a Eqvl radius (rect. f t c > . r.

tria fo

(z.DirectiDll)

-(0·'+0-')

1 =:!:

ly is

Vmical

Sn..rce

m-

883 psf

1 5 . 7 5 ( 27 . 5 )

4). It

80

··

382,318

S"u 2.5 ks ~~'-(\~(-,) 2.5 ksf

0.2

weight

382,318 lbs,

Footing

1,250

Slep

324,843 lbs.

machin

-(1.0SOX17104 +1.287XI521) +25.176Xlll' =.81148X1O"' BAD

1.12

55 RP 1110lU'M 1611.2lU'M

M4>M•. =I.836 4>-:!:M4>Tq./~

-(1.121X34000 +l.594Xl2350) 1l.758XIO· -4.1l158XIO"'f BAD

X,-X+.·R. -.058398XIO"'f +.81148X1O"'fX88 -.l80XIO'"' ia.

'<

T,-4>·R.

-U158XIO"'fX88 -.433XIO'"' in

T R( P

1.201

-1.201X725 -879.7lbL

TR P)

1.125 l.490

PT.-ETR·T",. +1.490XI521 2 15 08 . bo ft

T R( P T R( S

1.145 1.724

4 >. . : ! :T R · T . . +1.124Xl2350 -6022l.4 n. ft.

D. Dynami

anal is Forces generate

by

th recipro(z

lateral (x),

(q,)

longitudinal (y), torsional

an

«(J)

pi ch ng (.p)

or ar an on qu he response is negligible Therefore, dynami vide

St

883

of (z),

modes.

vi on analysis is only

ar applicable ck

50

oscillatio

design criteria Static

be

ap

Cond tion

pr po

ar

or

,250 psf. O.K.

2. coincide, O.K.

magn fica io

acto

Equa io

6(a

houl preferably be

less

than 1.5 slightly higher fo th

econdary operatin

is

peed

0.0001 L-_..J...-...L-...L-'-..L..J...L.l3ol..-_-'-.....I,.....I,--L.A...JL..:U PM E XP LA N

ea ea es gr ater an nt he allowabl soil pressure give fo th static load conditions ce 2,127.1 lbs, [*21,508.3 *2.127.1 PTI/I 34,323.4Ibs. ft 60,221.4 lbs. ft 90 degrees, bu this comb na io is

TO AVOI

ed na Transmitte Moments, (2.75) *870.7 (8.0)] conservative.

2,127.1

4.

MAINTeNANC

959.2 psL< 0.75 (2,500

nt

at

pl

pe

883

10

DOLLARS. YP

Ea PM

Flg. 6--Vibration perfor ance of rotati

achi es.'

frequenc

acceptab e.

ou

psf

817.7

BREAKDOWN. EC

of 58

cp

an

b. Velocity is

Pbtl1/1l

73.2

T 10 N O F C AS E

7r

ar therefor (cps)

7r

be

ompa ed to

(585/6

(0.000701)

displacement

0.0429 in sec. This veloci

acceptable. ad

he

7r

displace en is only

f2

should be within si ac eler on than th permissibl deflecting capability of th connecte piping system. In hi pl am ce co he ef ca dynami loads will be negligible

dy

ne "AU

this example-problem ag ha pr ng larger fo th secondar frequency.

on

en

an

ar

less

gh

co

vibratio amplitudes ar 0.000701 an 0.000433 he ve tica an ho izon al di ection respectively Thes HYDROCARBON

ul

PROCESSING

nc hi ex

ue

es na

at

ca ot

0.81m or,

cu

1.2 er ca 0.8 1m

In 0.8 229

FOUNDATION DESIGN

-U bala ce forc an co le differen crank arrangements'

Couplet

For •• Crl

PrillllU1

S.conda",

1" w i t h o u t

F'

A r .. . g c l lc o t

SiDgl era

fo

S.coDd.",

Prim.",

(O..'i)F'w i t h eounterwt&

TO.02

P'

..ith-

ou eoUDtcrwt&.

er&DU It ISO" Tw I n- li n c y li ad e n

None

2"Dwith Oppooe

!A Tw

::

enunterwta.

c y li ud e n

(1.41)F'

90

eraIIka

'f

!::

(l.41)1"D without enunterwt&. (0.107)1"

without

counterwtL

(0.107)1'

..J

a.

F'D

::::E

0.002

wo cy

de

Cyliuden

0.001

at

on

90

wo cy Dd

a.

ODe

with

(1.41)1'

enunterwt&

on

crank

Oppooe

i3 0.0005

without

2 1 " w i th ou t counterwta.

P'with

c y li D d e

couotenrtl.

_aka at 120-

Three

(3.46)F'D

without enuoterwta. (1.73)F'D with enunterwt&.

0.0002 0.0001

Fou

'--_.l.--L.-L...L.I...L..L.U.;lio.._..I---J..3..J-L..LJ-LJI

10,000

FREQUENCY CPM

c y li nd e r

Cranks

FROM REIHERAND MEISTER (1931) (STEADY STAT VIBRATIONS) FROM RAUSCH (1943)-(STEADY STATE VIBRATIONS) .< FROM CRANDelL (1949) (DUE TO BLASTING

(3.46)1"D

at

(l.41)F'D

180"

without enuoterwta.

+-1;r-

Cranks at 90

( O. 7 1 ) " D

. 0P '

with counterwt&

S i l c y l in d e r )..~

Fig. -frequency.'

ra

li

ib

litu

ti

la

crank r & d i . . (iLl c o uu ee ti u, -r o

.. cyliuder_nter r c c i p . wt.

(1,353.1) 1,082.5 rpm, 1.2 1,623.7 rp primar an secondar machin frequencie ar 585 wm and 1,170 th ri ry rati fr th resonanc appear critical at th secondar operatin fre1170, design is judge acceptable. quency, i.e., 0.8 1.2 t;

0.8 1 m 0. (1,475.5 1. 1, 75.5 :::; 1,770.

1,180.4

primar an secondar machin frequencie also fall outsid of thes range an therefore, no resonance condition are. possible.

f. Transmissibility factor (usually considered fo high frequenc machines mounte on springs) Th transmissi lity ac rs es than TR values ar greate than indicating that th dynami force are amplified ib es ince th forc ay in ocking ("') scillation is also possible

C.G.

(iL)

(lb.) PrIDllllY

Seenndu)'

Environmental demands

1. Ph siological effect

on

persons. Fig. example, Fig.

indicate vi ration to

"barel

notice

585 cpm

fo

axim

vibratio

am litu

0.000701 in.

2. Psychologica effect on persons. Us th same propeople no connecte tica barrie

3. Th

illa io re thos irecti ns

e og t

d i . t t a n c e (in.)

o n e c y li nd e r (0.0000284) rW ( rp m) '

it machin operations an acous-

ay be ecessary

am ru ture th li it exampl chec show no danger

in

ig 6.

4. Resonanc of structural components (superstructure

(4)) foundation. Pitchin sidered in in la ed re rovide th ac in anufacturer. owever twist-

0.5 fr tu al freq ency le eate than 1.5. othe structural co po ents ar involved in th example.

rizo al fo ce form co plane. Th oriz ntal translatio an need ot be coupled if

Conclusian. Th foundation is an acce le an r. atic th am lysisconfir th adequacy of th proposed foundation conas proposed, is acceptable.

in rizo ta th rockin mode

k.

NOMENCLATURE

A. A, a,

B.,B.,B""B"B. b, c••

D.

C. C"' C,

D.

c. c~

D.p. DH F(t)

f. f.

1",,1,,1.

Constant

of integratio

n gt h o f

k., ./c.,

t an gu l

u nd at i

bl

~,

k, t.

ng

mode

n,.,

Damping coefficient Critical dampin coefficien nt l, ro ki Da ping rati

t wi st i

p it ch i

cic.

de

n.

frequency fit. Equivalent radius fo rectangula

r.

R...

f o t in g i n t h

Sa" T. T.

TR TR(P) TR(S)

th

quency Ti e, sec.

o;

a-

W,

Initia velocity in./sec. Tota weight of machin plus foundation,lbs ig o un d t i n , l bs .

X.

direction, in ot is la

tks Case Institut

:x

.D

has Z.

engine

in

t....

nuclea hio,

powe plants an arin regi3tered is e:x:asan Cali ornia.

z. (t

p•

i3 Civil--Structural (koup, th CE-Lummus Co., H0'U8ton He is respomible or RoLAND

D RE W Y1 i

drafting accomplished in tks Houston Offies He holds :a .M e:x:perien.c in engineering 15 year re ated to tks petrom ; r . d manage en he ical an ki hway C01£8truct on indust ies. i3 register prof ssiona ngin er in is Te:x:aB,A rkansas an ouisiana chairman

stru .tural engineer ng an

unin dire ts grad

holds

He is is registered professional engineer in Te:x:as,Kentucky, Florida, West Virginia Ne Merica an California

PROCESSING

a.", a"

P. P. P. P. ' I f _ , ' I f. , 1 1 . , 1 1 .

w.

n-

Spring constant embedmen factors; vertical horizontal rockin an pitching mode ss ns ty of oi lbs. sec: 1ft.' Frequenc of excitation force, rad./sec Natura frequency, rad./see mi

'Whitman, R. V., and call Loaded Foundations, Dil1l$i"n,

ri

d i t io n i n Complimentar solution aximum dyna ic displace ent, in Initia displace ent, in Initia displacement fo particular solution in Particular solution Complet solution in r at i be fa to ti l, horizontal rockin an pitching odes Phas angle, ad Spring coefficients vertical horizontal rock in it in od

of Ba

Co'

structural mechan cs an stru tura de sign, and he B'Uperviaesfull-scale labora-

HYDROCARBO

!l., a.

t" t(t)

s po ns e i n t h

rection. in

DY

D R . . GEoRGE PINCUS i3

tory

aD

senior dynamics

holds

professional

t io n f t

chine frequenc

author

:speciali3 with H0'U8ton.He i3

ir

footing, ft

to horizontal hi lo t. Allowabl soil pressure ksf. n b l an c ki om nt t. lb b al a it in t, ft lb Transmissibility facto Transmissibility factor fo primar operatin frequency

R;

kips/ft.

C . A RY A is

DR

damping

tion lbs. Forc transmitte in th vertical direction, lbs. Transmitte rockin moment ft. lbs, Transmitte pitching oment, ft lbs. earing pressure du to transmitte dyna ic force, psf.

p....

TR(RES)

bout th

geometri

PT~ PT.

Natura frequency, rp Resonant frequency, rp he od lu s oi l s i Acceleration of gravit 32.2 ft/see.' Dyna ic horizontal force, lbs. Effectiv foundation embedmen depth, ft ss n t o f interia t wi st i g ) '" i t h i ) di r t io ns , l bs . fJ Spring constant

m,

P.

zontal rockin an pitching mode Internal dampin rati Excitation force, lbs. Amplitud of excitation force, lbs. aximum horizontal dyna ic foree, lbs. aximum vertical dyna ic force, lbs. t in g p e hi pm

th petrochemica industry terminals. He i3

to

footin fo segmen i, ft. u i l en t s pr i o ns t t s e rt i l , ri odes zontal, rocking, torsiona an pitching Widt ofbase of achine foundation block, ft. Dvnami magnificatio factor Mass lbs. sec~/ft. ss of se i , l bs . s e ' / t .

MCE,

Fou,,,latiofU. McGraw Hill Book

Proc",,_

l o . . fUIl 01 II.. Soil Me"han."

II1IIl For.rul4lton

Jr. Hall, J. R., Jr.• Richart, W. R. D., V.&,lItton of Soils and p" ... datio",. '",ntice':}{all, fnCo Englewood CUffs. N. J., 1 9 7 0 . Table by reprinted perm.iJsio or P,..,nticc·nall. Inc. Whitma R.. V. "Analysi of Soil-Structure Interaction. A.~tate-o!-th"":Art Civil Enguu,enns. Review'? MIT Soils P v bl ic 4 t' . . . Mauach_tts I D$ ti tu t o f T ed mo lP gY , a mb r a sa . 9~ Eagines and Comof p.......,..,.". Trtuual'tiorlS A5ME. 1'951. au Richart, Tr4r1SlUlio'llS dSCE. Vol. 1 2 7 . Part r, J!,d,O"4r&"" at an ai Processing 4 f t d Pelroleum R_r.nery, 1~_January 1S64. pp 11 1Co.. !clOUS_. 4, 9 6 by Gulf Puhlishin MM

Pape

67.PEM·'' '

Hall J. in Granular Sod't'. ' lor.,,,. Mechanic 1965.

4"

FourullUu.

01 th Divisioa

1967. "Dluipa~on

of Elasti

ee/""",es 4nd 1963. .i

MCE,

'.\'av ~~t;r!IY oundlltto D.VU1Oa,

JOllrfUll of th Soil 1. Janua;