Fotoquimica de La Vision

 

  IKFT]KM MD IKPBKFCK S @O[TCBCFK DVFTDGK ZPOIDVCOHKG MD IKPBKFCK S @CO[TCBCFK

KP]ÂFTGO FCDH]ÂICFO

]DBK

> IO]O[TÂBCFK MD GK YCVCÖH

FTPVO

> @CO[TCBCFK KZGCFKMK

MOFDH]D

> POS KGD\KHMDP KGYKPD^ BKPPDPOV

KGTBHO

> NOVÃ KH]OHCO MD GK FPT^ YCGGKHTDYK

HCYDG

> CY

FCFGO

> YCC

IDFLK MD DH]PDEK > GTHDV ;< OF]T@PD MDG 0:0;

C[TC]OV, ZDPÞ

 

 

CH]POMTFFCÖH G k iotoquâbcfk md gk vcscöh ds dg dstumco qud sd `ksk dh gks trkhsiorbkfcohds quâbcfks provofkmks provofkmks o fktkgczkmks por gk dbcscöh o k`sorfcöh md guz vcsc`gd o rkmckfcöh ugtrkvcogdtk, dsto qucdrd mdfcr, gk guz qud dhtrk kg ono pksk por gk förhdk, gudeo ktrkvcdsk dg lubor kfuoso y dhtrk kg frcstkgcho por gk pupcgk, md kggâ gos rkyos pkskh por dg lubor vâtrdo d chfcmdh so`rd gk rdtchk. ]rkhsiorbk gk rkmckfcöh md gk guz dh sdûkgds qud pudmkh sdr dhvckmks kg fdrd`ro, mohmd sd promufd gk sdhskfcöh md vcscöh. vcscöh.  

K fohtchukfcöh, sd mdtkggkrë dh qud fohscstd dg profdso md gk Iotoquâbcfk md gk vcscöh.

 

Iotoquâbcfk md gk vcscöh

Gk iotoquâbcfk ds kqudggk bkhcidstkfcöh qud sufdmo, fukhmo uhk mdtdrbchkmk sustkhfck k`sor`d uhk fcdrtk fkhtcmkm md iotohds lkfcãhmogks rdkffcohkr. Dsto fohggdvk k qud örekho prchfcpkg md gk vcscöh, dg Ono, fubpgd uhk iuhfcöh chmcspdhsk`gd dh gk fkptkfcöh md cbëedhds, iceurks, fogords, iorbks, dtf. Guz Gk guz (mdg gktâh (mdg gktâh gux, gufcs) ds gk pkrtd md gk rkmckfcöh gk rkmckfcöh dgdftrobkehãtcfk qud pudmd sdr pdrfc`cmk por dg dg ono  ono lubkho (Ukgtoh & Pdyds, Pdyds, ;3 ;.  ;.  Fãgugks `cpogkrds> Vd `cpogkrds> Vd fohdftkh foh gks tdrbchkfcohds schëptcfks md gos iotorrdfdptords (Egutkbkto dxfctkmor) y trkhsbctdh gks sdûkgds lkfck gks fãgugks ekhegcohkrds. (EK@K chlc`cmor). Vd lkh mdsfrcto 3 tcpos boriogöecfos, < md dstks forrdspohmdh k fãgugks pkrk fohos y uh tcpo pkrk `kstöh 0.  Fãgugks lorczohtkgds>

 

Dxcstdh trds tcpos md fãgugks lorczohtkgds> L C> Ho posddh kxöh y fohtkftkh prdidrdhtdbdhtd fohos ronos y vdrmds, kuhqud tkb`cãh foh fohos kzugds. L CC> Foh kxöh, fohtkftkh fohos kzugds, pdro tkb`cãh foh otros tcpos md fohos k hcvdg md sus tdrbchkfcohds mdhmrâtcfks. L CCC> Vdbdnkhtds k gks fãgugks L C, kuhqud md bkyor tkbkûo y dvctkh fukgqucdr fohtkfto foh fohos kzugds. 6.  6.  Fãgugks ekhegcohkrds> Vu kxöh sd sctþk k hcvdg md gk fkpk md gks ic`rks mdg hdrvco öptcfo y sogo sd bcdgchdgczk k hcvdg mdg hdrvco öptcfo, por iudrk mdg m dg ego`o ofugkr, kuhqud pudmk dxcstcr bcdgchczkfcöh chtrk`ug`kr. =.  =.  Fãgugks kbkfrchks> Zrdsdhtkh uh fudrpo fdgugkr sctukmo dh gk fkpk hufgdkr chtdrhk y uhks progohekfcohds qud sd dxtcdhmdh por gk fkpk pgdxciorbd chtdrhk. Ho rdfc`dh fohdxcohds mcrdftks md gos iotorrdfdptords, scho sogo md fãgugks `cpogkrds y md otrks fãgugks kbkfrchks, dstk`gdfcdhmo k su vdz fohdxcohds foh fãgugks ekhegcohkrds y rdtrokgcbdhtkhmo tkb`cãh k fãgugks `cpogkrds. Iotorrdfdptords  Iotorrdfdptords  8 Vdebdhto Dxtdrho> Voh fcgcos dspdfckgczkmos iorbkmos por sëfugos kpgkhkmos, qud ds mohmd sd dhfudhtrkh pcebdhtos vcsukgds (Opschks). 8 Vdebdhto Chtdrho> Fohtcdhd dg hþfgdo y dg fctopgksbk foh sus orekhdgos, foh k`uhmkhtds bctofohmrcks. 8 ]drbchkg Vdhsctcvo> Dhtrk dh fohtkfto foh uhk o bës fãgugks `cpogkrds.

Ice. 0 Iorbk dstrufturkg md gos iotorrdfdptords Iudhtd> Zropck

 

  Mcidrdhfck dhtrd foho y `kstöh

Ice. 6 Mcidrdhfcd foho y `kstöh Iudhtd> Zropck

Iotoquâbcfk md gk vcscöh> Iototrkhsmuffcöh Dg dstâbugo ds gk guz. Gk rkmckfcöh dgdftrobkehãtcfk posdd uhk gohectum md ohmk qud vk mdsmd gos 55: hb (Pono) y 6 8 Iksd C> Kftcvkfcöh md gos iotopcebdhtos. 8 Iksd CC> Lcpdrpogkrczkfcöh. 8 Iksd CCC> Pdfupdrkfcöh y kmkptkfcöh. Fkbpos rdfdptcvos

 

Dxcstd uh mdtdrbchkmo hþbdro md iotorrdfdptords dspdfâicfos pkrk uhk sogk fãgugk ekhegcohkr. Dh dstd sdhtcmo, tomo dg fohnuhto md iotorrdfdptords qud dstcbugk uhk bcsbk fãgugk Ekhegcohkr, forrdspohmd kg Fkbpo Pdfdptcvo md dsk fãgugk. Gks fãgugks ekhegcohkrds, icscogöecfkbdhtd, prdsdhtkh potdhfckgds md kffcöh pdrbkhdhtdbdhtd y pkrk lkfdr vkrckr su rdspudstk, ds prdfcso dstcbugkrgks dh sus rdspdftcvos Fkbpos Pdfdptcvos. 8 Fdhtro OH y pdrcidrck OII> Vc uh dstâbugo kidftk kg fkbpo vcsukg dh gk g k pdrcidrck dstd chlc`crë gk kftcvcmkm md gk fãgugk ekhegcohkr, bcdhtrks qud, sc dg dstâbugo kidftk dg fdhtro mdg fkbpo rdfdptcvo, dstd dxfctkrë gk kftcvcmkm md gk fãgugk ekhegcohkr. 8 Fdhtro OII y pdrcidrck OH> Gos dstâbugos ds tâbugos tcdhdh gos didftos fohtrkrcos md gos fkbpos rdfdptcvos mdg prcbdr tcpo.

Iototrkhsmuffcöh Iksd C (Kftcvkfcöh mdg iotopcebdhto)

Dg iotopcebdhto sd mcvcmd dh mos> Dg pcebdhto (Opschk) y gk vctkbchk K (Pdtchkg) Gk fãgugk iotorrdfdptork lkfd schkpscs foh gks fãgugks `cpogkrds (Egutkbkto), gks qud sd fobuhcfk foh gk fãgugk ekhegcohkr (EK@K). Dh gk Bdb`rkhk fdgugkr, gk Pomopschk (Pdtchkg fcs) trkhsbdb`rkhk dstë ksofckmk k uhk tE]Z. Gk guz fkb`ck gk iorbk md fcs k trkhs, `gkhqudkhmo gk fãgugk y kftcvk gk mcserdekfcöh md E]Z, gc`drkhmo gk uhcmkm kgpglk qud kftcvk gk EBZ iosiomcdstdrkzk qud mcsbchuyd gos hcvdgds md fEBZ. Iotototrkhsmuffcöh Iksd CC (Fkb`cos md pdrbdk`cgcmkm cöhcfk)

Dg iotorrdfdptor posdd fkhkgds md bdb`rkhk pkrk dg pkso md Hk+, mdpdhmcdhtds mdg fEBZ, y bkhtcdhdh uhk fkrek (+) kg chtdrcor md gk fãgugk. Kg mcsbchucr dg vogubdh md fEBZ, dg fkhkg md Hk+ sd fcdrrk, edhdrkhmo uhk lcpdrpogkrczkfcöh chtrkfdgugkr md fkrek (-). Dsto pdrbctd qud dh gk schkpscs IP mcsbchuyd gk gc`drkfcöh md Egutkbkto, go qud edhdrk uhk `knk dh gk gc`drkfcöh md EK@K, mdtdhcdhmo gk chlc`cfcöh y pomkbos vdr.

Iototrkshmuffcöh iksd CCC (Pdfupdrkfcöh y kmkptkfcöh)

Dh gk kusdhfck md iotohds, gk Pdfovdrchk kftcvk gk Eukhcgkto Eukhcg kto Fcfgksk, bdmckmk por Fk0+, go qud dstcbugk gk sâhtdscs md fEBZ, qud, kg kgfkhzkr uh hcvdg suicfcdhtd, k`rd gos fkhkgds md Hk+, mdsdhfkmdhkhmo mdsdhfkmdhkh mo gk gc`drkfcöh gc `drkfcöh md Egutkbkto, lcpdrpogkrczkhmo gks fãgugks @cpogkrds (Euzbëh, 0:;5).

 

  FOHFGTVCÖH Vd ggdeö k gk fohfguscöh md gk iotoquâbcfk md gk vcscöh md qud ds uh profdso md vkrcks dtkpks por dg fukg gk guz (rkmckfcöh dgdftrobkehãtcfk) ds k`sor`cmk por gk fkpk kfuosk mdg ono ggdekhmo k gk fãgugks föhcfks o `kstohds qud fohvcdrtdh gk dhdreâk gubchosk k dhdreâk quâbcfk, ggdekhmo ichkgbdhtd k gks fãgugks hdurohkgds qucdhds vkh k mkr gk chtdrprdtkfcöh md gos o`ndtos, sdeþh sus mcbdhscohds.

 

Pdidrdhfcks Kg`dggk, F. B. (;336). Chtromuffcöh k gk fcdhfck md gos bktdrckgds. Bkmrcm> D@FOBZ, V.K.  Fgkro, I. (0::3). Md Hdwtoh k Dhcstdch y kgeo bks.  Vkhtckeo md Flcgd> F lcgd> Thcvdrscmkm Fktogcfk md Flcgd. Euzbëh, Z. (Nudvds md Bkrzo md 0:;5). ]dfhogoeâk Bãmcfk dh Oitkbogoeâk Oitkbogoeâk. O`tdhcmo md lttp>//tdfhogoeckbdmcfkoitkgbo.`goespot lttp>//tdfh ogoeckbdmcfkoitkgbo.`goespot.fob/0:;5/:=/ioto .fob/0:;5/:=/iotoqucbcfk-md-gk-vcscoh.ltbg qucbcfk-md-gk-vcscoh.ltbg ]keekrt, F. V. (0::3). @cogoeâk> Gk uhcmkm y gk mcvdrscmkm md gk vcmk.  ]lobsob, 0::