Formulasi Masker Sheet Yang Mengandung Kefir Susu Kambing Etawa Sebagai Anti-Aging
October 7, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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Download Formulasi Masker Sheet Yang Mengandung Kefir Susu Kambing Etawa Sebagai Anti-Aging...
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EG^BVHJT@ BJTKF^ TM F F \ PJAC PJAC BFACJALVAC KFE@^ TVTV KJBN@AC F\JSJ TFNJCJ@ J JA A \@ -J -JC C @ AC
TK^@YT@
GHFM? UFAAP D. T. T@\GBYVH A@B :9:3
Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
EG^BVHJT@ BJTKF^ TM F F \ PJAC PJAC BFACJALVAC KFE@^ TVTV KJBN@AC F\JSJ TFNJCJ@ J JA A \@ -J -JC C @ AC
TK^@YT@ L`joukja sfnjcj` sjhjm sjtu syjrjt uatuk bfbpfrghfm cfhjr Tjrojaj Ejrbjs` pjlj Ejkuktjs Ejrbjs` Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
GHFM? UFAAP D. T. T@\GBYVH A@B :9:3
Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
YFACFTJMJA TK^@YT@
EG^BVHJT@ BJTKF^ TM F F \ PJAC PJAC BFACJALVAC KFE@^ TVTV KJBN@AC F\JSJ TFNJCJ@ J JA A \@ -J -JC C @ AC GHFM? UFAAP D. T. T@\GBYVH A@B :9:3 Yfbn`bn`ac @,
Yja`t`j Yfacuo`,
Yrge. Lr. Ouh`j ^fvfay, B.T`., Jpt.
Yrge. Lr. Mjk`b Njacua, Jpt.
A@Y :06=93:9:0=59:>99: :06=93:9:0=59:>99:
A@Y :06>9::3:0=994:99 :06>9::3:0=994:99> >
Yfbn`bn`ac @@,
Yrge. Lr. Ouh`j ^fvfay, B.T`., Jpt. A@Y :06=93:9:0=59:>99 :06=93:9:0=59:>99: :
Lrj. Ouja`tj \jauw`ojyj, B.T`., Jpt. A@Y :06:::9>:=33:9>99: :06:::9>:=33:9>99:
Lrs. Turyjatg, B.T`., Jpt. A@Y :05:95:0:00:94:99 :05:95:0:00:94:99: :
Lrj. Ouja`tj \jauw`ojyj, B.T`., Jpt. A@Y :06:::9>:=33:9>99 :06:::9>:=33:9>99: : Bflja, Bjrft >9:3 Ejkuhtjs Ejrbjs`, Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj Lfkja,
Yrge. Lr. Bjser`j, B.T., Jpt. A@Y :06393>4:0=59:>99: :06393>4:0=59:>99:
Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
KJ\J YFACJA\J^
Yuo` lja syukur kfmjl`rjt \umja Pjac Bjmj Fsj yjac tfhjm bfbnfr`kja kjrua`j yjac nfrh`bpjm sfm`accj pfauh`s ljpjt bfayfhfsj`kja skr`ps` yjac nfrouluh ‘Egrbuhjs` Bjskfr Tmfft yjac Bfacjaluac Kfe`r Tusu Kjbn`ac Ftjwj sfnjcj` Jat`-Jc`ac ‒. Tkr`ps` `a` l`joukja sfnjcj` sjhjm sjtu syjrjt uatuk bfbpfrghfm cfhjr Tjrojaj Ejrbjs` l` Ejkuhtjs Ejrbjs` Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj. Kfe`r susu kjbn`ac ftjwj bfrupjkja sujtu kgbpgafa yjac njayjk l`bjaejjtkja ljhjb prgluk pfrjwjtja kuh`t kjrfaj bfacjaluac JMJ ( Jhpmj ( Jhpmj Mylrgxyh Jd`ls), Jd`ls), v`tjb`a N4 lja prgv`tjb`a N6. Egrbuhjs` kfe`r susu kjbn`ac ftjwj ljhjb sfl`jja bjskfr smfft l`bjksulkja uatuk ljpjt l`cuajkja hfn`m prjkt`s l`njal`ac lfacja nfatuk sfl`jja bjskfr hj`a lja bjbpu bfa`ackjtkja pfaftrjs` zjt jkt`e kf ljhjb kuh`t wjojm sfnjcj` jat`-jc`ac . Mfaljkayj mjs`h pfafh`t`ja `a` bfaojl` bjsukja kfpjlj pfauh`s tfatjac bjaejjt lja ljyj cuaj ljr` kfe`r susu kjbn`ac ftjwj ljhjb n`ljac kgsbft`kj. Yjlj kfsfbpjtja `a`, lfacja sfcjhj kfrfaljmja mjt` pfauh`s bfacudjpkja tfr`bj kjs`m yjac sfnfsjr-nfsjrayj kfpjlj @nu Yrge. Lr. Ouh`j ^fvfay, B.T`., Jpt., lja @nu Lrj. Ouja`tj \jauw`ojyj, B.T`., Jpt., yjac tfhjm bfhujackja wjktu lja tfajcj ljhjb bfbn`bn`ac pfauh`s lfacja pfaum kfsjnjrja lja tjaccuac ojwjn, bfbnfr`kja pftuaouk lja sjrja-sjrja sjrj a-sjrja sfhjbj pfafh`t`ja pf afh`t`ja m`accj sfhfsj`ayj sfhfsj` ayj skr`ps` `a`. Yfauh`s oucj bfacudjpkja tfr`bj kjs`m kfpjlj @nu Yrge. Lr. Bjser`j, B.T., Jpt., sfhjku Lfkja Ejkuhtjs Ejrbjs` yjac tfhjm bfayfl`jkja ejs`h`tjs kfpjlj pfauh`s sfhjbj pfrkuh`jmja l` Ejkuhtjs Ejrbjs`. Vdjpja tfr`bj kjs`m oucj pfauh`s sjbpj`kja kfpjlj @nu Lrj. \ut` ^g`lj, B.T`., Jpt., sfhjku lgsfa
`v Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
pfbn`bn`ac jkjlfb`k, Njpjk Yrge. Lr. Mjk`b Njacua, Jpt., sfhjku kftuj pfacuo`, Njpjk Lrs. Turyjatg, B.T`., Jpt., sfhjku jaccgtj pfacuo` yjac tfhjm bfbnfr`kja sjrja uatuk bfayfbpurajkja skr`ps` `a`, sfrtj Njpjk lja @nu stje pfacjojr Ejkuhtjs Ejrbjs` VTV yjac tfhjm njayjk bfbn`bn`ac pfauh`s sfhjbj bjsj pfrkuh`jmja m`accj sfhfsj`. Yfauh`s oucj bfbpfrsfbnjmkja rjsj tfr`bj kjs`m yjac tjk tfrm`accj kfpjlj kfhujrcj, Njpjk Lrs. M. T`tgbpuh, @nu P. Yurnj, T.T`., B.T`., lja jl`kku, @acr`l @ac r`l T`tgbpuh T`tgbpuh tfrd`atj tfrd`atj jtjs h` b pj m j a kjs`m sjyjac sjyjac,, lgj lja sfbjac sfbjacjt jt yjac tjk tfra`hj` lfacja jpj pua. \fr`bj kjs`m oucj pfauh`s udjpkja kfpjlj tfbja-tfbja Ejrbjs` Fkstfas` jackjtja >9:< uatuk kfnfrsjbjja lja lgrgacja sfbjacjtayj, sfrtj sfbuj p`mjk yjac t`ljk ljpjt l`sfnutkja sjtu pfrsjtu yjac tfhjm njayjk bfbnjatu m`accj sfhfsj`ayj pfauh`sja skr`ps` `a`.
Bflja, Yfauh`s,
Efnrujr` >9:3
Ufaay D. T. T`tgbpuh A@B :=.:>%), rfludfl tmf aubnfr ge spgt (>4.44%) jetfr < wffks ge trfjtbfat, wm`dm tmf nfst rfdgvfry tmjt smgwfl wjs tmf fvfaafss jal bg`sturf. Dgadhus`ga? \mf kfe`r ge ftjwj cgjt b`hk dja nf egrbuhjtfl `atg smfft bjsk jal smgwfl tmf nfst jat`-jc`ac jdt`v`ty ga 5% dgadfatrjt`ga ge kfe`r ge ftjwj cgjt b`hk. Kfywgrls? egrbuhjt`ga, kfe`r ge ftjwj cgjt b`hk, smfft bjsk, jat`-jc`ac.
v``` Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
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MJHJBJA YFACFTJMJA
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:.: Hjtjr Nfhjkjac ............................................ ................................................................... ......................... ..
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:.> Yfrubusja Bjsjhjm ............................................ ............................................................. .................
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:.4 M`pgtfs`s Yfafh`t`ja ............................................ ............................................................. .................
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NJN @@ \@AOJVJA YVT\JKJ ................................. ....................................................... ............................ ......
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>.: Tusu Kjbn`ac Ftjwj .......................................... ........................................................... .................
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>.> Kfe`r .......................................... ................................................................. ........................................... ....................
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>.>.: Ttjrtfr kfe`r ............................................ ................................................................. .....................
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>.>.> Yrgsfs pfbnujtja kfe`r .............................................. ..............................................
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>.4 Jhpmj Mylrgxy Jd`l (JMJ) (JMJ) ........................................... ................................................. ......
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`x Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
>.< U`tjb`a N4 lja U`tjb`a N6 ...................................... ................................................ .......... >.6
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Kuh`t ............................................ Kuh`t .................................................................. ....................................... .................
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Jajtgb` lja e`s`ghgc` kuh`t ...................... .................................... ..............
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>.6.:.: Fp`lfrb`s ........................................... ................................................. ......
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>.6.:.> Lfrb`s ........................................... ..................................................... ..........
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>.6.:.4 Hjp`sja sunkut`s ...................................... ......................................
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Yfaujja L`a`
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>.5.:
\jalj-tjalj pfaujja l`a` ....................................... .......................................
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Yfayfnjn pfaujja l`a` ........................................... ...........................................
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>.3 Jat`-jc`ac ........................................... ................................................................. ................................ ..........
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Bjskfr Tmfft .......................................... ................................................................. ............................ .....
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>.0 Fssfadf Fssfadf ........................................... .................................................................. .................................... .............
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>.:9 Tk`a Jajhyzfr ................... .......................................... .............................................. ............................ .....
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>.:9.: Yfacukurja kgal`s` kuh`t lfacja lfacja sk`a sk`a jajhyzfr .....
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>.:9.> Yjrjbftfr pfacukurja ......................................... ............................................ ...
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NJN @@@ BF\GLF YFAFH@\@JA ........................................... ............................................................ .................
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4.4
Yfacjbn`hja lja Yfacghjmja Tjbpfh ................................ ................................
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4.4.:
Yfbnujtja kfe`r susu kjbn`ac ftjwj (Tjbpfh) (Tjbpfh) ....
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4.4.>
Yfafatuja butu kfe`r susu kjbn`ac ftjwj ............
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4.4.>.: Yfacuo`ja kjljr jsjb hjktjt .....................
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4.4.>.> Yfacukurja pM .......................................... ................................................ ......
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4.4.4.4 Yfacukurja v`skgs`tjs ..................................... .....................................
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4.< Egrbuhjs` Tfl`jja Bjskfr Tmfft ........................................... ...........................................
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4.6
4. Egrbuhj bgl`e`kjs` ............................................ ...................................................... ..........
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4.5
4.5
4.3
4.6 Yfafatuja Butu E`s`k Tfl`jja ............................................. ............................................... ..
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4.6.: Yfacuo`ja mgbgcfa`tjs sfl`jja kfe`r bjskfr smfft bjskfr smfft
>3
4.6.> Yfacjbjtja stjn`h`tjs sfl`jja kfe`r bjskfr smfft ............................................ .................................................................. ................................ ..........
>3
4.6.4 Yfacjbjtja stjn`h`tjs bjskfr smfft yjac tfhjm l`nfr` sfl`jja kfe`r ........................................... ..................................................... ..........
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4.6.< Yfacukurja pM ........................................... ............................................................ .................
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4.6.6 Yfacuo`ja v`skgs`tjs sfl`jja kfe`r bjskfr smfft s mfft .........
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4.6.5 Yfacuo`ja kjljr jsjb hjktjt ljhjb ljhj b sfl`jja bjskfr smfft bjskfr smfft .......................................... ............................................................... .....................
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4.5 Vo` @r`tjs` tfrmjljp Kuh`t Tukjrfhjwja ................................ .................................. ..
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4.3 Yfacuo`ja Fefkt`v`tjs ............................................ ............................................................. .................
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4.= Jajh`s`s Ljtj .......................................... ................................................................ ................................ ..........
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NJN @U MJT@H LJA YFBNJMJTJA ........................ ............................................ ............................ ......
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Mjs`h pfacjbjtja stjn`h`tjs sfl`jja kfe`r bjskfr smfft ......................................... ............................................................... .................................... ..............
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.6 Mjs`h pfacuo`ja v`skgs`tjs sfl`jja kfe`r bjskfr smfft ................... ......................................... ............................................ .................................... ..............
46
.5 Mjs`h pfacuo`ja kjljr jsjb hjktjt ljhjb ljhjb sfl`jja kfe`r bjskfr smfft bjskfr smfft .......................................... ........................................................ ..............
45
.> Yrgsfs pfbnujtja kfe`r
Bfaurut Vsb`jt` (>993), hjackjm-hjackjm pfbnujtja kfe`r jljhjm susu sfcjr l`pjstfur`sjs` jtju l`pjajskja pjlj sumu =6¿-09¿D sfhjbj 49 bfa`t. Yrgsfs pjstfur`sjs` susu sfnfhub efrbfatjs` nfrtuouja uatuk? :. Bfalfajturjs` wmfy wmfy prgtf`a prgtf`a jcjr susu l`mjs`hkja hfn`m kfatjh. >. Bfacm`hjackja kjaluacja b`krgnj jwjh yjac tfrljpjt ljhjb susu jcjr pfrtubnumja ljr` b`krgnj stjrtfr t`ljk tfrsj`ac` pjlj bjsj pfrtubnumja. pfrtubnumja. 4. Bfacurjac` oubhjm G > ljhjb susu yjac sfdjrj agrbjh sfm`accj njktfr` kfe`r ljpjt nfrkfbnjac n`jk lfacja nj`k (\jb`af lja ^gn`asga, :0=0). Kfbul`ja l`l`ac`akja, l`bjsukkja 4-6% nut`r-nut`r kfe`r lja l`jluk bfrjtj. L``akunjs` pjlj sumu kjbjr jcjr prgsfs efrbfatjs` nfrhjacsuac. Tfhjbj prgsfs efrbfatjs` `a` jkja tfrojl` pfbnfatukja jsjb hjktjt, jhkgmgh, DG >, lja sfayjwj-sfayjwj yjac bfacmjs`hkja ehjvgr lja jrgbj. N`hj susu suljm bfaccubpjh hjhu l`sjr`ac lfacja bfaccuajkja sjr`acja uatuk bfaljpjtkja nut`r-nut`r kfe`r kfbnjh`. Kfe`r yjac suljm l`sjr`ac s`jp uatuk l`b`aub. Nut`r nut`r kfe`r yjac l`pfrghfm l`dud` lfacja j`r bjtjac l`ac`a uatuk uatuk l`pjkj` hjc` pjlj wjktu hj`a (M`ljyjt, lkk., >995).
= Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
>.4 J hpmj hpmj M yl ylrgxy rgxy J d`l (J (JM M J )
JMJ jljhjm jsjb grcja`k yjac tfrl`r` ljr` > (luj) rjatj` kjrnga jtju hfn`m yjac sfbjk`a pjaojac rjatj` kjrngaayj jkja sfbjk`a nfrjt bghfkuhayj. Fefkt`v`tjs JMJ ljhjb kgsbft`k l`pfacjrum` ghfm pM lja kgasfatrjs`. Jhpmj Mylrgxy Jd`l (JMJ) (JMJ) tfrl`r` ljr` jsjb ch`kghjt, jsjb hjktjt, jsjb bjhjt, jsjb tjrtrjt, jsjb bjalfhjt lja jsjb s`trjt (L`tofa YGB ^@, >995). Tf`r`ac nfrkfbnjacayj `hbu pfacftjmuja tfkaghgc`, ejktgr- ejktgr yjac bfayfnjnkja pfaujja kuh`t, sfpfrt` nfrkurjacayj kfhfbnjnja kuh`t lja fhjst`s`tjs kuh`t ljpjt l`jtjs` lfacja pfaccuajja kgsbft`k yjac bfacjaluac njmja jkt`e Jhpmj Mylrgxy Jd`l (JMJ) yjac (JMJ) yjac pjlj ububayj l`cuajkja sfnjcj` pfhfbnjn lja fxegh`jat (L`tofa (L`tofa YGB ^@, >995). Jsjb hjktjt bfrupjkja sjhjm sjtu ljr` Jhpmj Mylrgxy Jd`l (JMJ), (JMJ), yj`tu kgbpgafa yjac bfacjaluac rjatj` m`lrgks` l` pgs`s` jhej. Jsjb hjktjt sjacjt l`rfkgbfaljs`kja uatuk bfadfrjmkja lja bfhfbnjnkja kuh`t. Jsjb `a` sjacjt buljm l`sfrjp lja t`ljk nfrnjmjyj njc` kuh`t (Twfftbja, >993).
>.<
U`tjb`a N4 lja U`tjb`a N6
A`jd`ajb`lj (U`tjb`a N4) bfrupjkja njc`ja ljr` kgfaz`b a`dgt`ajb`lf jlfa`af l`audhfgt`lf (AJL), AJL pmgspmjtf (AJLY) lja nfatuk rfluks`ayj (AJLM lja AJLYM) yjac pfat`ac njc` rfjks` n`gk`b`j pjlj kuh`t (Turojatg, lkk., >9:5). AJLYM bfrupjkja kgejktgr ljhjb s`atfs`s dfrjb`lf lja AJLM nfreuacs` bfacmjbnjt s`atfs`s ch`kgsjb`agch`kja. Tfhj`a `tu, a`js`ajb`lj oucj ljpjt bfa`ackjtkja prgluks` hjp`sja prgtf`a pfh`aluac kuh`t, bfacmjbnjt trjasefr bfhjagsgb bfauou kfrjt`ags`t lja fefk jat`b`krgnj (Sgmhrjn lja Krfet, >9:< >9:9:5 >9:5). ). Bj kj aj a su bn fr v` tj b` a N4 l` j at jr ja yj susu, susu, tfh tfhur ur,,
0 Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
ljc`ac, `kja lja kjdjac-kjdjacja (Njacua, >996). Yrg-v`tjb`a N6 (L-Yjatmfagh), jajhgc jhkgmgh jsjb pjatgtfajt lja bfrupjkja prgv`tjb`a ljr` kgbpgafa N-kgbphfks uatuk euacs` agrbjh kuh`t lja rjbnut. Lgktfr kuh`t tfhjm hjbj bfacftjmu` euacs` pjatmfagh ljhjb bfaojcj kfsfmjtja kuh`t (Turojatg, lkk., >9:5). Bjkjaja subnfr v`tjb`a N6 jatjrj hj`a, pjl`-pjl`ja, rgt`, susu lja sfrfjh (Tutgbg lja Jaccrj`a`, >9:9). L-pjatmfagh bfa`ackjtkja prgh`efrjs` e`nrgnhjs l` hjp`sja lfrb`s yjac bfrupjkja hjp`sja tfacjm kuh`t l`bjaj kfrutja tfrnfatuk, jkt`v`tjs e`nrgnhjs n`jsjayj t`ljk mjayj bfaj`kkja oubhjm tftjp` oucj bfa`ackjtkja s`atfs`s ljr` sfbuj kgbpgafa bjtr`ks kuh`t, sfpfrt` kghjcfa, fhjst`a lja chydjas sfrtj bfbpfrnj`k` kuh`t sfdjrj kfsfhurumja sfpfrt` ljfrjm yjac tfrhukj jtju bjtr`ks kuh`t yjac t`ljk tfrjtur sfpfrt` kfr`put jtjupua cjr`s-cjr`s mjhus (\glgrgv, >9:6).
>.6
Kuh`t
Kuh`t bfrupjkja grcja tfrnfsjr, tfrhujs pjlj tunum k`tj. ^jtj-rjtj grjac lfwjsj bfb`h`k` hujs kuh`t sfk`tjr :39->99db > lfacja nfrjt jatjrj :6-:3kc (\jngr lja Nhj`r, >990). Kuh`t oucj sjacjt kgbphfks, fhjst`s lja sfas`t`e, sfrtj nfrvjr`js` pjlj kfjljja `kh`b, ubur, ofa`s kfhjb`a, rjs, lja hgkjs` tunum (Sjs`tjjtbjloj, :003).Kuh`t bfrupjkja tjrcft utjbj prgluk kgsbft`k.Kgasubfa bfaccuajkja prgluk kgsbft`k pjlj kuh`t bfrfkj uatuk bfbnfrs`mkja, bfh`aluac`, bfhfbnjnkja, lja sfnjcj`ayj (Njk` lja Jhfxjalfr, >9:6). >.6.: Jajtgb Jajtgb`` lja e`s`ghgc` kuh`t
Bfaurut Loujalj (>993), pfbnjc`ja kuh`t sfdjrj cjr`s nfsjr tfrsusua jtjs t`cj hjp`sja utjbj, yj`tu ?
:9 Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
>.6.:.: Fp`lfrb`s
Hjp`sja fp`lfrb`s tfrl`r` jtjs ? j. Hjp`sja njsjh jtju strjtub cfrb`ajt`vub Hjp`sja njsjh bfrupjkja hjp`sja fp`lfrb`s pjh`ac njwjm lja nfrnjtjs lfacja lfrb`s. Ljhjb hjp`sja njsjh tfrljpjt bfhjags`t. Bfhjags`t jljhjm sfh lfalr`t`k yjac bfbnfatuk bfhja`a. Bfhja`a nfreuacs` bfh`aluac` kuh`t tfrmjljp s`ajr bjtjmjr`. n. Hjp`sja bjhp`cm` jtju strjtub sp`agsub Hjp`sja bjhp`cm` jtju l`sfnut oucj pr`dkhf dfhh hjyfr bfrupjkja hjp`sja fp`lfrb`s yjac pjh`ac kujt lja tfnjh. \frl`r` ljr` nfnfrjpj hjp`s sfh yjac nfrnfatuk pgh`cgajh yjac nfsjrayj nfrnflj-nflj jk`njt jljayj b`tgs`s sfrtj sfh `a` bjk`a lfkjt kf pfrbukjja bjk`a cfpfac nfatukayj. Yjlj hjp`sja `a` njayjk bfacjaluac ch`kgcfa. d. Hjp`sja crjauhjr jtju strjtub crjauhgsub Hjp`sja crjauhjr tfrl`r` ljr` > jtju 4 hjp`s sfh cfpfac, nfr`s` nut`r-nut`r (crjauh) kfrjtgm`jh`a. Ttrjtub crjauhgsub oucj tjbpjk ofhjs l` tfhjpjk tjacja lja kjk`. l. Hjp`sja hus`lub jtju strjtub hus`lub Hjp`sja hus`lub tfrhftjk tfpjt l` njwjm hjp`sja kgrafub. \frl`r` ljr` sfhsfh cfpfac tjapj `at`. f. Hjp`sja tjaluk jtju strjtub kgrafub Hjp`sja tjaluk bfrupjkja hjp`sja tfrhujr yjac tfrl`r` ljr` nfnfrjpj hjp`s sfh cfpfac yjac bjt`, t`ljk nfr`at`, lja prgtgphjsbjayj tfhjm nfrunjm bfaojl` kfrjt`a. Yjlj pfrbukjja hjp`sja `a` sfh-sfh bjt` tfrus bfafrus bfac bfacfhupjs fhupjs tjapj tfrh`mjt.
:: Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
>.6.:.> Lfrb`s
Hjp`sja lfrb`s jljhjm hjp`sja l`njwjm fp`lfrb`s yjac ojum hfn`m tfnjh ljr`pjlj fp`lfrb`s. \frl`r` ljr` hjp`sja fhjst`s lja e`nrgsj pjljt lfacja fhfbfafhfbfa sfhuhjr lja egh`kfh rjbnut. Tfdjrj cjr`s nfsjr l`njc` bfaojl` luj njc`ja yjka`? j. Yjrs pjp`hjrf, yj`tu njc`ja yjac bfagaogh kf fp`lfrb`s f p`lfrb`s lja nfr`s` uouac sfrjnut sjrje lja pfbnuhum ljrjm. n. Yjrs rft`kuhjjrf, yj`tu njc`ja l` njwjmayj yjac bfagaogh kf jrjm sunkutja. Njc`ja `a` tfrl`r` jtjs sfrjnut-sfrjnut pfauaojac sfpfrt` sfrjnut kghjcfa, fhjst`a, lja rft`kuh`a. Hjp`sja `a` bfacjaluac pfbnuhum ljrjm, sjrje, rjbnut, kfhfaojr kfr`acjt, lja kfhfaojr sfnjsfj. >.6.:.4 Hjp`sja sunkut`s
Hjp`sja `a` bfrupjkja hjaoutja lfrb`s, t`ljk jlj cjr`s tfcjs yjac bfb`sjmkja lfrb`s lja sunkut`s. \frl`r` ljr` ojr`acja `kjt hgaccjr nfr`s` sfh-sfh hfbjk l` ljhjbayj. Tfh-sfh hfbjk bfrupjkja sfh nuhjt, nfsjr, lfacja `at` tfrlfsjk kf p`acc`r s`tgphjsbj hfbjk yjac nfrtjbnjm. Ojr`acja sunkutja bfacjaluac syjrje, pfbnuhum ljrjm lja h`bef, kjatuac rjbnut, lja l` hjp`sja jtjs ojr`acja sunkutja tfrljpjt kfhfaojr kfr`acjt. Euacs` ojr`acja sunkutja jljhjm pfayfkjt pjajs, njatjhja tfrmjljp trjubj, lja tfbpjt pfaubpukja pfaubpukja fafrc`. >.6.> Euacs` k kuh`t uh`t
Kuh`t
bfbpuayj`
njayjk
euacs`
fsfas`jh
yjac
pfat`ac
njc`
kfnfrhjacsuacja m`lup bjaus`j, yj`tu? :. Tfnjcj` pfh`aluac. Yfat`acayj euacs` pfh`aluac `a` l``hustrjs`kja ljhjb sujtu kgatfks prgpfrt` pfacmjhjac (njrr`fr ( njrr`fr ). ). Mjh `a` bfbuack`akja kfhjacsuacja m`lup bjaus`j ljhjb sumu lja kfhfbnjnja yjac nfrvjr`js`, lja jljayj
:> Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
njmjyj ljr` h`ackuacja sfpfrt` zjt-zjt k`b`j, njktfr`, jhfrcfa, ojbur jtju rjl`js`. >. Bfbpfrtjmjakja mgbfgstjs`s. Kuh`t jljhjm grcja utjbj uatuk bfaojcj kgal`s` mgbfgstjs`s tunum, tfrutjbj ljhjb mjh rfcuhjs` pjajs, tfkjaja ljrjm lja fksrfs`. 4. Grcja sfasgr` utjbj tfrmjljp kgal`s` h`ackuacja, sfpfrt` pjajs, tfkjaja lja rjsj sjk`t (Sjhtfrs, >993).
Cjbnjr >.: Ttruktur kuh`t (Tmj`, ft jh., >990).
>.5
Yfaujja L`a`
Jc`ac jtju pfaujja jljhjm prgsfs jhjb`jm pjlj kfm`lupja bjaus`j, kjrfaj jljayj rjl`kjh nfnjs yjac sfdjrj tfrus bfafrus tfrnfatuk nj`k bfhjhu` prgsfs bftjngh`sbf bjupua jk`njt ljbpjk afcjt`e h`ackuacja (Jrlm`f, >9::). Tf`r`ac
:4 Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
lfacja nfrtjbnjm us`j, sfhurum jspfk ljhjb tunum k`tj bfauaoukkja fefk ljr` pfaujja. Yfrunjmja tfrsfnut tfrojl` sfdjrj jhjb`. Yfaujja l`a` n`sj tfrojl` pjlj s`jpj sjoj. \frutjbj l` @algafs`j yjac bfrupjkja ljfrjm ljfrjm nfr`kh`b trgp`s lfacja lfacja `atfas`tjs s`ajr bjtjmjr` yjac t`acc` (Buh`yjwja lja Tur`jaj, >9:4). Yfaujja l`a` jljhjm prgsfs pfaujja kuh`t yjac hfn`m dfpjt ljr` wjktuayj. N`sj tfrojl` sjjt ubur k`tj bfbjsuk` us`j >9-49 tjmua. Yfaujja l`a` ljpjt tfrojl` kjpja sjoj. Yjlj us`j bulj, rfcfafrjs` kuh`t tfrojl` sft`jp >=-49 mjr`. ^fcfafrjs` sfbjk`a bfhjbnjt sf`r`ac lfacja nfrtjbnjmayj us`j. Bfbjsuk` us`j 69 tjmua, rfcfafrjs` kuh`t tfrojl` sft`jp 43 mjr` (Aggrb`almjwjt`, >9:4). >.5.: \jalj-tjalj pfaujja l`a`
Yrgsfs pfaujja kuh`t yjac nfrhjacsuac hfn`m dfpjt ljr` yjac sfmjrusayj l`kfajh lfacja pfaujja l`a` yjac bfb`h`k` tjalj-tjalj pjlj kuh`t, jatjrj hj`a? :. Kuh`t bfaojl` sjacjt kfr`ac jk`njt ljr` nfrkurjacayj jkt`v`tjs kfhfaojr b`ayjk lja kfr`acjt kuh`t sfrtj pfauruaja kfbjbpuja kuh`t uatuk bfajmja j`r sfrtj kuh`t kfm`hjacja kfhfbnjpja l` ljhjb sfh kuh`t (sjwjr kuh`t). >. Kuh`t bfaojl` t`p`s jk`njt j k`njt nfrkurjacayj kfbjbpuja uatuk bfbnfatuk sfh njru l` hjp`sja kuh`t. Cjaccuja pjlj rjbnut bfayfnjnkja kfrgatgkja rjbnut. 4. Tfnjh`kayj kuh`t tfrjsj kjsjr, kusjb lja nfrs`s`k jk`njt nfrkurjacayj kfbjbpuja kuh`t uatuk bfhfpjskja sfh kuh`t hjbj uatuk l`cjat` sfh kuh`t njru. Yfayfnjn pfaujja l`a`
Njayjk ejktgr yjac `kut nfrpfacjrum ljhjb prgsfs pfaujja l`a`, nj`k ejktgr `atr`as`k (ljr` ljhjb tunum sfal`r`) bjupua ejktgr fkstr`as`k (h`ackuac (h`ackuacja). ja). Nfnfrjpj ejktgr tfrsfnut jkja l`ofhjskja sfnjcj` nfr`kut? j. Ejktgr `atr`as`k (`atr`as`d ( `atr`as`d jc`ac ) Yfaujja yjac tfrojl` sfdjrj jhjb`. Yfaujja `atr`as`k tfrojl` sfdjrj hjbnjt, tfrus bfafrus lja lfcrjljs` ojr`acja yjac `rfvfrs`nfh. \`ljk njayjk yjac ljpjt l`hjkukja uatuk bfadfcjm pfaujja sfdjrj `atr`as`k. Jlj nfrnjcj` ejktgr `atfrajh yjac nfrpfacjrum pjlj prgsfs pfaujja kuh`t, yj`tu ubur, rjs, cfaft`k, mgrbgajh lja ejktgr hj`aayj n. Ejktgr fkstr`as`k (fxtr`as`d (fxtr`as`d jc`ac ) H`ackuacja H`ackuac ja m`lup bjaus`j yjac t`ljk ayjbja njc` kuh`t ljpjt ljpj t nfrupj sumu, kfhfbnjnja, pghus`, lja tfrutjbj s`ajr VU. T`ajr bjtjmjr` jljhjm ejktgr h`ackuacja tfrnfsjr yjac ljpjt bfbpfrdfpjt prgsfs pfaujja l`a` kjrfaj ljpjt bfrusjk sfrjnut kghjcfa kuh`t lja bjtr`ks lfrb`s sfm`accj kuh`t bfaojl` t`ljk fhjst`s, kfr`ac, lja kfr`put jtju sfr`ac l`sfnut lfacja pmgtgjc`ac lfacja pmgtgjc`ac . Kgatjk lfacja njmja k`b`j tfrtfatu ljhjb wjktu yjac dukup hjbj ljpjt bfbpfrdfpjt pfaujja kuh`t, sfpfrt` pfbjkj`ja lftfrcfa lja pfbnfrs`m yjac bfacjaluac jhkgmgh nfrhfn`mja jkja bfacm`hjackja hfbjk pfrbukjja kuh`t sfm`accj bfayfnjnkja kfkfr`acja kuh`t. Nfnfrjpj cjyj m`lup oucj bfb`du tfrnfatukayj kfrutja pjlj wjojm, l` jatjrjayj jljhjm kgasubs` jhkgmgh yjac nfrhfn`mja bfayfnjnkja kuh`t tfrlfm`lrjs` sfm`accj bfbpfrbuljm buaduhayj kfrutja. Ygs`s` t`lur yjac sjhjm oucj nfrpfrja ljhjb tfrnfatukayj kfrutja. Kfrutja l` jrfj p`p` lja ljcu pjlj ububayj buaduh jk`njt pgs`s` t`lur yjac bfayjbp`ac sfljackja pgs`s` t`lur
:6 Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
tfhuackup ljpjt bfayfnjnkja tfrnfatukayj kfrutja l` jrfj ljm`. Njayjkayj erfkufas` kfl`pja bjtj sfrtj kfn`jsjja bfay`p`tkja bjtj bfayfnjnkja gtgt-gtgt l` sfk`tjr jh`s lja ljm` ljm` nfkfroj hfn`m kfrjs sfm`accj bfbpfrpjrjm kfrutja l` jrfj ljm` (Yutrg, :003; Sjs`tjjtbjloj, :003; Tft`jnul`, >9:.3 J Jat at`` -j -jc` c`ac ac
Jat`-jc`ac jljhjm prgsfs uatuk bfadfcjm jtju bfbpfrhjbnjt fefk pfaujja. \frjp` jat`-jc`ac jkja jkja hfn`m nj`k o`kj l`hjkukja sfl`a` buack`a, kft`kj sfh-sfh tunum bjs`m sfmjt lja nfreuacs` lfacja nj`k. Kfbjouja tfkaghgc` lja `hbu pfacftjmuja kgsbft`k, pfauruaja lja pfacmjbnjtja pfaujja ljpjt l`hjkukja jcjr kuh`t ljpjt tfrh`mjt hfn`m bulj (^fvfay, lkk., >9:5). Bjaejjt sfl`jja jat`-jc`ac bfaurut Buh`yjwja lja Tur`jaj (>9:4) , yj`tu? :. Bfadfcjm kuh`t ljr` kfrusjkja lfcfafrjt`e yjac bfayfnjnkja kuh`t tfrh`mjt kusjb lja kfr`put. >. Kuh`t tjbpjk hfn`m sfmjt, dfrjm, lja jwft bulj. 4. Kuh`t tjbpjk kfayjh, fhjst`s, lja ojum ljr` tjalj-tjalj pfaujja l`a`.
>.=
Bjskfr Tmf Tmff ft
Bjskfr smfft tfhjm njayjk l`cuajkja pjlj Js`j \`bur, hfbnjrja bjskfr ububayj tfrnujt ljr` kj`a aga wgvfa, wgvfa, sfrjt kfrtjs, n`gsfhuhgsj, lja sfnjcj`ayj. Ljpjt bfa`ackjtkja fefk bfhfbnjnkja, bfbut`mkja lja jat` jat`--jc`ac , tftjp` kurjac bjbpu bfbnfrs`mkja lja bfacjackjt sfh kuh`t bjt` (Hff, >9:4). Bfaurut Hff (>9:4), ofa`s-ofa`s hfbnjrja bjskfr jljhjm j ljhjm sfnjcj` nfr`kut? j. \`pf aga wgvfa Bfaccuajkja njmja tfkst`h sfpfrt` pghyprgpyhfaf sfpfrt` pghyprgpyhfaf lja v`sdgsf rjyga. rjyga.
:5 Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
Kfuatuacja? ehfks`nfh, t`ljk buljm rgnfk, nfrs`ejt m`lrge`h sfm`accj bjbpu bfrfsjp fssfadf fssfadf,, lja t`ljk bfa`accjhkja s`sj fssfadf l` ljhjb kfbjsja. Kfruc`ja? pfaccuajja yjac tfrhjhu hjbj ljpjt bfayfnjnkja kuh`t kfr`ac.
n. \`pf sfrjt kfrtjs ( puhp) puhp) Jwjhayj sfrjt kfrtjs bfrupjkja njmja ljsjr pfbnujtja bjskfr smfft , tftjp` tfhjm l`cjat` lfacja njmja aga wgvfa. wgvfa. Kfuatuacja? t`p`s lja bjbpu bfhfkjt nj`k lfacja kuh`t. Kfruc`ja? t`ackjt pfrfsjpja fssfadf tfrnjtjs lja buljm rgnfk kjrfaj t`p`s. d. \`pf n`gsfhuhgsj Bfrupjkja tfkaghgc` tfrnjru pfbnujtja bjskfr smfft , bfaccuajkja sfhuhgsj jhjb` ljr` mjs`h efrbfatjs` b`krggrcja`sbf, lja t`ljk bfac`r`tjs` kuh`t. Kfuatuacja? sjacjt bjbpu bfhfkjt pjlj kuh`t sfm`accj t`ljk buljm tfrhfpjs. Kfruc`ja? n`jyj pfbnujtja rfhjt`e hfn`m bjmjh. l. \`pf dmjrdgjh Bfaccuajkja sfrnuk jrjac ljr` njbnu bgsg yjac falfb`k l` \j`wja yjac l`djbpurkja lfacja njmja aga wgvfa ljhjb prgsfs pfbnujtjaayj. Kfuatuacja? ehfks`nfh, bjbpu bfrfsjp` fssfadf fssfadflfacja lfacja nj`k, kjaluacja sfrnuk jrjac ljpjt bfa`ackjtkja pfayfrjpja fssfadf kf ljhjb kuh`t. Kfruc`ja? n`jyj pfbnujtja hfn`m bjmjh l`njal`ac t`pf aga wgvfa. wgvfa. f. \`pf ofh` L`nujt lfacja bfadjbpurkja fssfadf lja cfhh`ac jcfat , kfbul`ja l`dftjk lfacja dftjkja bjskfr bfacmjs`hkja ofh` yjac trjaspjrja lfacja nfatuk bfayfrupj` wjojm. Kfuatuacja? pfaccuajjaayj pfaccuajjaayj hfn`m prjkt`s prj kt`s l`njal`ac t`pf bjskfr hj`aayj. Kfru c`ja ja?? kfbj bpuj a pfaft rjs` fssfa df kf ljhjb kuh`t hfn`m kurjac
:3 Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
l`njal`ackja ofa`s bjskfr smfft bjskfr smfft hj`aayj.
>.0
F ssf ssfadf adf Fssfadf nukja bfrupjkja t`pf sfl`jja kgsbft`k njru. Jhjsja yjac
bfbnujt fssfadf hjku l` pjsjrja jljhjm pfrunjmja cjyj m`lup kgasubfa, sfnjcj` dgatgm, bjsyjrjkjt `ac`a bfayflfrmjajkja rut`a`tjs kgsbft`k mjr`ja bfrfkj uatuk bfacmfbjt wjktu, cjbnjrja njmwj kgasfatrjt nfrjrt` prgluk tfrsfnut bfb`h`k` fefk yjac hfn`m nj`k, ayjbja l`cuajkja kjrfaj pfacfbnjacja lfsj`a wjljm, pfacfbnjacja euacs` njmja pfhfbnjp, lja njmja ejrbjsft`k (B`tsu`, :003). \jnfh >.: \`pf-t`pf fssfadf (B`tsu`, :003).
\`pf
\fkaghgc`
Kf`st`bfwjja Tfdjrj ubub bfacjaluac mubfktja hfn`m njayjk ljr` \`pf hgs`ga Tghun`h`sjs`, hgs`ga. \fksturayj ljpjt l`jtur lfacja pfb`h`mja trjaspjrja/ b`krgfbuhs`, mubfktja lja pgh`bfr hjrut j`r sfrtj vjr`js` kgbn`ajs` h`pgsgb sfb` kflujayj. \`pf `a` bfrupjkja t`pf fssfadf pjh`ac trjaspjrja ubub. \`pf `a` bfacjaluac njayjk fbgh`fa (kgbpgafa \`pf b/j \`pf fbuhs` b`ayjk), sjacjt dgdgk uatuk sfl`jja yjac bfacjaluac \`pf j/b njayjk njmja pfayfrjp VU lja njmja b`ayjk hj`aayj. \`pf j/b/j \`pf j/b dgdgk uatuk sfl`jja yjac wjtfrprgge . \`pf `a` tfhjm l`cuajkja sfojk hjbj. \fksturayj l`jtur kgbn`ajs` b`ayjk pjljt jtju sfb`-pjljt lja hfbjk \`pf b`ayjk
-
\`pf hj`a
mfwja jtju b`ayjk tubnumja lfacja prgpgrs` yjac nfrnflj. \`pf `a` t`ljk sfnjcus t`pf fssfadfhj`a sfm`accj suljm t`ljk jlj l` pjsjrja. Fssfadf uatuk \- zgaf zgaf yjac njayjk bfasfkrfs` sfnub. \`pf hgs`ga Bfacjaluac sfrnuk pfayfrjp sfnub jcjr r`jsja wjojm lfacja nfrtjmja hfn`m hfn`m hjb hjbjj sfrnuk Fssfadf yjac bfbpuayj` fefk cfrb`s`lj uatuk sfl`jja \`pf jhkgmgh ofrjwjt
>.:9 Tk` Tk ` a J aj ajhyz hyzf fr
Yjlj jajh`s`s kgavfas`gajh, kgavfas`gajh, l`jcags`s l`hjkukja lfacja bfacjaljhkja kfbjbpuja pfacjbjtja sfbjtj. Mjh `a` ljpjt bfaojl`kja l`jcags`s bfaojl` nfrs`ejt := Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
sunofkt`e lja nfrcjatuac pjlj pfrsfps` pjrj lgktfr. Yfbfr`ksjja sfpfrt` `a` bfb` bf b`h` h`k` k` kfku rj acj a pj pjlj lj s`s ` jajh` jajh`s` s`ss ssfd fdjr jrjj kh` a` s- `a st ru bf at jh lja lja t`l t`ljk jk jljayj rfkjbja mjs`h pfbfr`ksjja yjac buljm l`pjmjb` pjs`fa (Jrjbg, >9:>). Tk`a jajhyzfr bfrupjkja sfnujm pfrjackjt yjac l`rjadjac uatuk bfal`jcags`s kfjljja pjlj kuh`t. Tk`a jajhyzfr bfbpuayj` s`stfb tfr`atfcrjs` uatuk bfalukuac l`jcags`s l`jcags`s lgktfr yjac t`ljk mj mjayj ayj bfh`put` hjp`sja kuh`t tfrjtjs, bfhj`akja oucj bjbpu bfbpfrh`mjtkja s`s`-s`s` kuh`t yjac hfn`m ljhjb ljr` hjp`sja kuh`t (Jrjbg, >9:>). >.:9.: Yfacukurja kgal`s` kuh`t lfacja sk`a jaj ajhy hyzzfr
Bfaurut Jrjbg (>9:>), nfnfrjpj pfacukurja yjac ljpjt l`hjkukja lfacja bfaccuajkja sk`a bfaccuajkja sk`a jajhyzfr , yj`tu? :. :. Bg`sturf Bg`sturf (Kjljr j`r) Yfacukurja kjljr j`r l`hjkukja lfacja bfaccuajkja jhjt bg`sturf dmfdkfr yjac tfrljpjt ljhjb pfrjackjt sk`a jajhyzfr Jrjbg. Djrjayj lfacja bfafkja tgbngh pgwfr lja l`hfkjtkja pjlj pfrbukjja kuh`t. Jackj yjac l`tjbp`hkja pjlj jhjt bfrupjkja pfrsfatjsf kjljr j`r ljhjb kuh`t yjac l`ukur. >. Tfnub (Kjljr b`ayjk) Yfacukurja kjljr b`ayjk l`hjkukja lfacja bfaccuajkja jhjt g`h dmfdkfr yjac tfrljpjt ljhjb pfrjackjt sk`a jajhyzfr Jrjbg. Djrjayj lfacja bfafbpfhkja njc`ja sfasgr yjac tfhjm l`pjsjac spgas pjlj pfrbukjja kuh`t. Jackj yjac l`tjbp`hkja pjlj jhjt bfrupjkja pfrsfatjsf kjljr b`ayjk ljhjb kuh`t yjac l`ukur. 4. 4. Fvfaafss Fvfaafss (Kfmjhusja) Yfacukurja kfmjhusja kuh`t l`hjkukja lfacja pfrjackjt sk`a jajhyzfr pjlj hfasj pfrnfsjrja 59x lja bfaccuajkja bfaccuajkja hjbpu sfasgr n`ru (agrbjh). Kjbfrj Kjbfrj
:0 Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
l`hftjkkja pjlj pfrbukjja kuh`t yjac jkja l`ukur kfbul`ja tfkja tgbngh djpturf uatuk bfbegtg lja sfdjrj sfdjrj gt gb j t ` s m js`h nfrupj nfrupj jackj jackj lja k kgal`s gal`s`` kuh kuh`t `t yjac l`ljpjtkja jkja tjbp`h pjlj hjyjr kgbputfr. Yjrjbftfr pfacukurja
Yfacukurja kuh`t lfacja lfacja bfaccuajkja sk`a bfaccuajkja sk`a jajhyzfr sfdjrj gtgbjt`s jkja
>9 Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
bfajbp`hkja mjs`h ljhjb nfatuk jackj lja jackj yjac l`ljpjtkja jkja sfdjrj hjacsuac hjac suac l`sf l` sf su j ` kj a lfacja lfacja pjrj pjrj bftfr yjac tfhjm tfhjm l`jtu l`jturr sflf sflfb`k b`k`ja `ja rupj rupj pjlj pjlj jhjt. Yjrjbftfr mjs`h pfacukurjaayj ljpjt l`h`mjt pjlj \jnfh >.>. \jnfh >.> Yjrjbftfr mjs`h mj s`h pfacukurja lfacja sk`a lfacja sk`a jajhyzfr
Yfacukurja
Yjrjbftfr (%)
Kjljr j`r ( Bg`sturf) Bg`sturf)
Lfm`lrjs`
Agrbjh
M`lrjs`
9 — >0
49 — 49 — 69
6: — 6: — :99 :99
Kfmjhusja ( Fvfaafss) Fvfaafss)
Mjhus
Agrbjh
Kjsjr
9 — 4:
4> — 4> — 6:
6> — 6> — :99 :99
Kfd`h
Nfnfrjpj nfsjr
Tjacjt nfsjr
9 — :0
>9 — >9 — 40
9 — 40
9 — 6>
64 — 64 — :99 :99
Ygr` ( Ygrf) Ygrf)
>: Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
NJN @@@ BF\GLF YFAFH@\@JA
Bftglf pfafh`t`ja `a` l`hjkukja sfdjrj fkspfr`bfatjh. Yfafh`t`ja bfh`put` pfbnujtja kfe`r kfe` r susu kjbn`ac ftjwj, pfacuo`ja pfacuo`ja kuhj`tjs kfe`r (uo` pM, v`skgs`tjs lja kjljr jsjb hjktjt), pfbnujtja sfl`jja kfe`r susu kjbn`ac ftjwj, pfafatuja butu e`s`k sfl`jja yjac bfacjaluac kfe`r susu kjbn`ac ftjwj (pfacjbjtja grcjaghfpt`s, uo` mgbgcfa`tjs, pfacukurja pM, pfacukurja tgtjh jsjb hjktjt ljhjb sfl`jja kfe`r, lja pfafatuja v`skgs`tjs), uo` `r`tjs` lja pfacuo`ja fefkt`v`tjs sfl`jja bjskfr smfft bjskfr smfft yjac bfacjaluac kfe`r susu kjbn`ac ftjwj. Yfafh`t`jja `a` l`hjkukja l` Hjngrjtgr`ub Kgsbftghgc` lja Ejrbjs` E`s`k Ejkuhtjs Ejrbjs` Tubjtfrj Vtjrj, Bflja.
4.:
Jhjt lja Njmja
4.:.: Jhjt
Jhjt-jhjt yjac l`cuajkja jljhjm afrjdj jajh`t`k, jhjt-jhjt cfhjs, hubpjac, djwja pgrsfh`a, stjbefr, kfrtjs pfrkjbfa, pfajacjs j`r, spjtuhj, sul`p, tgphfs kjdj, jhjt pfayfcfh, njtjac pfacjluk, pjad`, pfayjr`ac, pM bftfr (Mjaaj @astrubfat), p`pft tftfs, t`su, sfrnft, pgt phjst`k, v`sdgbftfr Nrggke`fhl , tfrbgbftfr, jhjt sk`a jhjt sk`a jajhyzfr lja lja bg`sturf dmfdkfr (Jbjrg Muv`s). 4.:.> Njmja
Njmja-njmja yjac l`cuajkja jljhjm susu kjbn`ac ftjwj, stjrtfr kfe`r, ftjagh 05%, ch`sfr`a, nut`hfa ch`kgh, xjatmja cub, a`pjc`a, a`pjsgh, jquj LB, pjreub (dullhf-njny pgwlfr ), ), YHC Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
4.>
Tukjrfhjwja
Tukjrfhjwja yjac l`p`h`m jljhjm :> grjac bjmjs`sw` l` Ejkuhtjs Ejrbjs` VTV lfacja kr`tfr`j sfnjcj` nfr`kut? :. Sja`tj nfrnjlja sfmjt >. Vs`j jatjrj >9-49 tjmua 4. \`ljk jlj r`wjyjt pfayjk`t pfa yjk`t yjac nfrmunuacja nfrmunuacja lfacja jhfrc` >-:= 9D. \jmjp sfhjaoutayj stjrtfr sfhjaoutayj stjrtfr kfe`r kfe`r l`bjsukkja kf ljhjb tgphfs susu, l``akunjs` pjlj sumu rujac sfhjbj Yfafatuja Bu Butu tu Kfe`r Tusu Kjbn`ac Ftjwj 4.4.>.: Yfacuo`ja Kjljr Jsjb Hjktjt
Bfaurut Valfrwggl (:0=0), uo` bftglf tr`trjs` `a` l`hjkukja lfacja bfac`s` nurft lfacja AjGM 9,: A pfrhjmja-hjmja sfm`accj t`ljk jlj cfhfbnuac uljrj l`ljhjbayj. Tusu l`t`bnjac ljhjb Frhfabfyfr sfnjayjk := crjb, hjhu l`tjbnjmkja 9,6 (:9 tftfs) pmfaghptmjhf`a :% sfnjcj` `al`kjtgr. Kfbul`ja l`hjkukja t`trjs` lfacja AjGM 9,: A sjbn`h l`kgdgk sjbpj` tfrnfatuk wjraj bfrjm bulj yjac stjn`h. Tftfhjm `tu pfbjkj`ja t`tfr l`djtjt lja js`l`tjs susu l`m`tuac sfnjcj` pfrsfa jsjb hjktjt. Tfnfhub erffzf Tfnfhub erffzf lryfr ? Ó Ó 09 Ó :99 % 2 99% % ℁ ℁ Ó :9 :999 99
Tftfhjm erffzf Tftfhjm erffzf lryfr ? % 2
Ó Ó 09 ( ( ℁ ℁ Ó ) ) Ó :999 :999
Ó :99%
A 2 agrbjh`tjs hjrutja AjGM yjac l`cuajkja l`cuajkja sfnjcj` pfat`tfr ep 2 ejktgr pfacfadfr 4.4.>.> Yfacukurja pM
Yfafatuja pM sfl`jja sfnfhub lja sfsuljm erffzf sfsuljm erffzf lryfr l`hjkukja l`hjkukja lfacja bfaccuajkja jhjt pM bftfr. Jhjt tfrhfn`m ljmuhu
l`hjkukja k kjh`nrjs` jh`nrjs` lfacja
bfaccuajkja hjrutja ljpjr stjaljr (pM 3,9:) lja hjrutja ljpjr pM jsjb (pM 994). 4.4.4.4 Yfacukurja v`skgs`tjs
Yfacuo`ja v`skgs`tjs l`hjkukja lfacja bfaccuajkja jhjt v`skgbftfr Nrggke`fhl lfacja djrj l`t`bnjac :99 c kfe`r susu kjbn`ac ftjwj, kfbul`ja l`jtur sp`alfh lja kfdfpjtja yjac l`cuajkja v`skgbftfr Nrggke`fhl l`ojhjakja. U`skgs`tjs ljr` kfe`r susu jkja tfrnjdj. U`skgs`tjs l`m`tuac lfacja pfrsjbjja? U`skgs`tjs (dY) 2 skjhj yjac tfrnjdj x ejktgr kgavfrs`
4.<
Egrbuhjs` F ssf ssfadf adf Tfl`jja Bjskfr Tmf Tmff ft
4.9:6)? ^/
Tjdrja-96 NC
>,99%
Bjk`crffa Effh (Yfat`hfa Ch`kgh)
6,99%
Bjk`hfaf CD (Nut`hfa Ch`kgh)
6,99%
YFC-59 Mylrgcfajtfl YFC-59 Mylrgcfajtfl Djstgr G`h
9,96%
Bjk`bgussf :> (Tgl`ub (Tgl`ub Yghyjdryhjtf) Yghyjdryhjtf)
9,>9%
Yfacjwft
9,49%
Lf-@ga`zfl Sjtfr
=3,-5%
Ch`sfr`a
6,99%
Nut`hfa ch`kgh
6,99%
YFC-6
Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
4.% (E:), ) lja 5% (E4). Egrbuhj sfl`jja tjapj kfe`r susu kjbn`ac ftjwj l`nujt sfnjcj` nhjakg (E9). Egrbuhjs` Egrbuhjs` bjskfr smfft bjskfr smfft ljpjt ljpjt l`h`mjt pjlj \jnfh 4.:. \jnfh 4.: Egrbuhj sfl`jja kfe`r bjskfr smfft bjskfr smfft
Ag
Kgasfatrjs` (%)
Njmja
E9
E:
E>
E4
:.
Kfe`r susu kjbn`ac ftjwj
-
>
<
5
>.
Ch`sfr`a
6
6
6
6
4.
Nut`hfa Ch`kgh
6
6
6
6
9,9>
=.
Ftjagh 05%
4
4
4
4
0.
Yjreub Dullhf-Njny Ygwlfr
q.s
q.s
q.s
q.s
:9.
Jquj LB jl
:99
:99
:99
:99
4. Yfacjbjtja stjn`h`tjs sfl`jja kfe`r bjskfr sm smf fft
Tfnjayjk :99 c ljr` bjs`ac-bjs`ac egrbuhj sfl`jja l`bjsukkja kf ljhjb wjljm. Kfbul`ja l`hjkukja pfacjbjtja bfh`put` nfatuk, pfrunjmja wjraj lja nju ljr` sfl`jja bjskfr smfft sftfhjm sfhfsj` l`nujt lja ljhjb pfay`bpjaja sfhjbj :> b`accu. 4.6.4 Yfacjbjtja stjn`h`tjs bjskfr sm smf fft yjac tfhjm l`nfr` sfl`jja kfe`r
Tfl`jja bjskfr smfft bjskfr smfft yjac tfhjm l`nfr` sfl`jja kfe`r l`hjkukja pfacjbjtja bfh`put` nfatuk, pfrunjmja wjraj lja nju ljr` sfl`jja bjskfr smfft sftfhjm sfhfsj` l`nujt lja ljhjb ljhjb pfay`bpjaja pfay`bpjaja sfhjbj :> b`accu (sft`jp pfacjbjtja lfacja : kfbjsja kfbjsja njru, sft`jp 4 b`accu sfkjh`). Yfacjbjtja l`hjkukja lfacja djrj bjskfr smfft bjskfr smfft l`nfatjackja l` jtjs jhjs (kjdj). 4.6.< Yfacukurja pM
Yfafatuja pM sfl`jja l`hjkukja lfacja bfaccuajkja jhjt pM bftfr. Jhjt tfrhfn`m ljmuhu l`kjh`nrjs` lfacja bfaccuajkja hjrutja ljpjr stjaljr (pM 3,9:) lja hjrutja ljpjr pM jsjb (pM 3
Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
Kfbul`ja fhfktrglj l`dud` lfacja j`r suh`ac, hjhu l`kfr`ackja lfacja t`ssuf t`ssuf.. Tjbpfh l`nujt ljhjb kgasfatrjs` : %, yj`tu l`t`bnjac : c sfl`jja lja l`hjrutkja ljhjb j`r suh`ac m`accj :99 bh. Kfbul`ja fhfktrglj l`dfhupkja ljhjb hjrutja tfrsfnut. L`n`jrkja jhjt bfauaoukkja mjrcj pM sjbpj` kgastja. Jackj yjac l`tuaoukkja pM bftfr bfrupjkja pM sfl`jja (^jwh`as, (^j wh`as, >994). 4.6.6 Yfacuo`ja v`skgs`tjs sfl`jja kfe`r bjskfr sm smf fft
Yfacuo`ja v`skgs`tjs l`hjkukja lfacja bfaccuajkja jhjt v`skgbftfr Nrggke`fhl lfacja djrj l`t`bnjac :99 c sfl`jja kfe`r bjskfr smfft kfe`r susu kjbn`ac ftjwj, kfbul`ja l`jtur sp`alfh lja kfdfpjtja yjac l`cuajkja v`skgbftfr Nrggke`fhl v`skgbftfr Nrggke`fhl l`ojhjakja. l`ojhjakja. U`skgs`tjs ljr` sfl`jja kfe`r jkja tfrnjdj. 4.6.5 Yfacuo`ja kjljr jsjb hjktjt ljhjb sfl`jja kfe`r bjskfr sm smf fft
Bfaurut Valfrwggl (:0=0), uo` bftglf tr`trjs` `a` l`hjkukja lfacja bfac`s` nurft lfacja AjGM 9,: A pfrhjmja-hjmja sfm`accj t`ljk jlj cfhfbnuac uljrj l`ljhjbayj. Tfl`jja kfe`r l`t`bnjac ljhjb frhfabfyfr sfnjayjk >9 crjb, hjhu l`tjbnjmkja 9,6 (:9 tftfs) pmfaghptmjhf`a :% sfnjcj` `al`kjtgr. Kfbul`ja l`hjkukja t`trjs` lfacja AjGM 9,: A sjbn`h l`kgdgk sjbpj` tfrnfatuk wjraj bfrjm bulj yjac stjn`h. Tftfhjm `tu pfbjkj`ja t`tfr l`djtjt lja js`l`tjs sfl`jja l`m`tuac sfnjcj` pfrsfa jsjb hjktjt. % 2
4.5
Ó Ó 09 ℁ ℁ Ó :9 :999 99
Ó :99 99% %
Vo` @r`tjs` tfrmjljp Kuh`t Tukjrfhjwja
Vo` `r`tjs` l`hjkukja tfrmjljp sfl`jja bjskfr smfft kfe`r susu kjbn`ac ftjwj lfacja bjksul uatuk bfacftjmu` njmwj bjskfr smfft yjac yjac l`nujt ljpjt bfa`bnuhkja `r`tjs` pjlj kuh`t jtju t`ljk. @r`tjs` ljpjt l`njc` bfaojl` > kjtfcgr`,
>=
Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
yj`tu `r`tjs` pr`bfr yjac jkja sfcfrj t`bnuh sfsjjt sftfhjm tfrojl` pfhfkjtja jtju pfayfatumja
pjlj kuh`t, lja
`r`tjs` sfkualfr yjac rfjks`ayj njru t`bnuh
nfnfrjpj ojb sftfhjm pfayfatumja lja pfhfkjtja pjlj kuh`t (L`tofa YGB ^@, :0=6). Tukjrfhjwja yjac jkja bfaccuajkja kgsbft`kj njru ljpjt l`hjkukja uo` tfbpfh prfvfat`e ( pjtdm tfst ), ), yj`tu lfacja bfbjkj` kgsbft`k tfrsfnut l` tfbpjt hj`a, b`sjhayj l`njc`ja hfacja njwjm jtju l` nfhjkjac ljua tfh`acj. Tftfhjm l`n`jrkja sfhjbj >%) d. Kfhgbpgk Kfhgbpgk @@@ ? 4 sukjrfhjwja uatuk bjskfr smfft bjskfr smfft E> E> (9 bfa`t. Tftfhjm `tu bjskfr l`hfpjs lja wjojm l`l`jbkja sfhjbj 6 bfa`t jcjr s`sj fssfadf ljpjt bfrfsjp m`accj sfbpuraj. Yfrunjmja kgal`s` kuh`t l`ukur sjjt sfnfhub lja sftfhjm jph`kjs` bjskfr smfft bjskfr smfft sft`jp sft`jp b`accu sfhjbj < b`accu lfacja
>0
Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
bfaccuajkja jhjt sk`a jhjt sk`a jajhyzfr . 4.=
Jajh`s`s Ljtj
Ljtj mjs`h pfafh`t`ja l`jajh`s`s bfaccuajkja prgcrjb TYTT (Ttjt`st`djh ( Ttjt`st`djh Yrgludt jal Tfrv`df Tghut`ga) Tghut`ga) >:.
49
Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
NJN @U MJT@H LJA YFBNJMJTJA
%) E>? Bjskfr Tmfft egrbuhj egrbuhj @@ (kgasfatrjs` kfe`r susu kjbn`ac ftjwj ? Bjskfr Tmfft egrbuhj egrbuhj @@ (kgasfatrjs` kfe`r susu kjbn`ac ftjwj 0-40 yj`tu pjlj kgal`s` agrbjh. Tftfhjm pfaccuajja bjskfr smfft , kfhgbpgk nhjakg t`ljk bfauaoukkja pfa`ackjtja kfmjhusja kuh`t yjac dukup nfrjrt` (:,==%), sfljackja pjlj E:, E>, lja E4 bfauaoukkja pfa`ackjtja kfmjhusja kuh`t lfacja pfrsfatjsf pfbuh`mja bjs`ac-bjs`ac sfnfsjr sfnfsj r
5,46%, lja 4>,:3%. Egrbuhj 4 bfauaoukkja pfa`ackjtja kfmjhusja kuh`t ljr` kgal`s` agrbjh bfaojl` mjhus. Crje`k pfacjrum pfbjkj`ja bjskfr smfft bjskfr smfft tfrmjljp pfa`ackjtja kfmjhusja kuh`t sukjrfhjwja sfhjbj fbpjt b`accu pfrjwjtja ljpjt l`h`mjt pjlj Cjbnjr E4 Jwjh
B`accu:
B`accu>
B`accu4
B`accu<
Sjktu
rje`k `k mjs`h pf ac uk ur ja kfmj kfmjhu husja sja ( fvfaafss ) pjlj pjlj k uh `t wj wjojm ojm Cjbnjr -6:; Kjsjr 6>-:99 (Jrjbg, ( Jrjbg, >9:>). E9? Bjskfr Tmfft egrbuhj egrbuhj nhjakg E:? Bjskfr Tmfft egrbuhj egrbuhj @ (kgasfatrjs` kfe`r susu kjbn`ac ftjwj >%) E>? Bjskfr Tmfft egrbuhj egrbuhj @@ (kgasfatrjs` kfe`r susu kjbn`ac ftjwj
9,6= >6 >0
4= 43,4 º >,99
43 4,9=
4< 49,5 º :,64
4> >=,9 º :,34
>= >6,4 º >,9=
% Yfbuh`mja 9,99% 9,99% >,54% 9,==% % =,44% 5,=:,:9% :=,34% 49,66% >3,69% >5,4>% >=,:>%
Kftfrjacja? Ygr` nfrukurja kfd`h 9-:0; Ygr` nfrukurja sfljac >9-40; Ygr` nfrukurja nfsjr 9:>). E9? Bjskfr Tmfft egrbuhj egrbuhj nhjakg E:? Bjskfr Tmfft egrbuhj egrbuhj @ (kgasfatrjs` kfe`r susu kjbn`ac ftjwj >%) E>? Bjskfr Tmfft egrbuhj egrbuhj @@ (kgasfatrjs` kfe`r susu kjbn`ac ftjwj 9:>). Ljr` Lj r` ljtj ljtj yja jac c l`pfrg l`pfrghfm hfm ljpjt ljpjt l` h `m j t njmwj njmwj E: lj a E> , bf au ao uk kj a jljayj pfacfd`hja ukurja pgr` bjs`ac-bjs`ac sfnfsjr 5,==,:>%. Crje`k pfacjrum p pff b j k j ` j a bjskfr smfft bjskfr smfft tfrmjljp ukurja pgr` kuh`t sukjrfhjwja sfhjbj fbpjt
Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
b`accu pfrjwjtja ljpjt l`h`mjt pjlj Cjbnjr
B`accu4
B`accu<
Sjktu
Cjbnjr 9-40; Ygr` nfrukurja nfsjr 9:>). E9? Bjskfr Tmfft egrbuhj egrbuhj nhjakg E:? Bjskfr Tmfft egrbuhj egrbuhj @ (kgasfatrjs` kfe`r susu kjbn`ac ftjwj >%) E>? Bjskfr Tmfft egrbuhj egrbuhj @@ (kgasfatrjs` kfe`r susu kjbn`ac ftjwj -tj`hfl)
,::<
,::<
,94<
,9*(:-tj`hfl
,>99 n
,>99 n
,:99 n
,:99 n
,:99 n
_
T`c.)R j. Crgup`ac Ujr`jnhf? Egrbuhj n. Agt dgrrfdtfl egr t`fs.
E9 E4 E4 —
Kgal`s` Jwjh Bg`sturf B: Bg`sturf B B> > Bg Bg`sturf `sturf B4 Bg`sturf B< Bjaa-Sm`tafy V
,999
:,699
,999
,999
,999
5,999
3,699
5,999
5,999
5,999
->,:>:
-:,6=:
->,:>:
-:,004
->,:>:
Jsybp. T`c. (>-tj`hfl)
,94<
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,9*(:-tj`hfl
,:99 n
,>99 n
,:99 n
,:99 n
,:99 n
S`hdgxga S _
T`c.)R j. Crgup`ac Ujr`jnhf? Egrbuhj n. Agt dgrrfdtfl egr t`fs.
3 E> —
Kgal`s` Jwjh Bg`sturf B: Bg`sturf B B> > Bg Bg`sturf `sturf B4 Bg`sturf B< Bjaa-Sm`tafy V
4,999
,999
>,999
,999
,999
S`hdgxga S
0,999
5,999
=,999
5,999
5,999
_
-,3,:>:
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->,9>4
->,:>:
Jsybp. T`c. (>-tj`hfl)
,,:>:
Jsybp. T`c. (>-tj`hfl)
,95=
,4:3
:,999
,93>
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Fxjdt T`c. [>*(:-tj`hfl [>*(:-t j`hfl
,:99 n
,399 n
:,999 n
,:99 n
,:99 n
_
T`c.)R j. Crgup`ac Ujr`jnhf? Egrbuhj n. Agt dgrrfdtfl egr t`fs.
—
E> E4
Kgal`s` Jwjh Bg`sturf B: Bg`sturf B B> > Bg Bg`sturf `sturf B4 Bg`sturf B< Bjaa-Sm`tafy V
:,999
,699
>,999
4,699
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S`hdgxga S
3,999
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3,999
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-:,=>5
-:,>0:
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,900
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,:03
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Fxjdt T`c. [>*(:-tj`hfl
,>99 n
,:99 n
,99 n
_
T`c.)R j. Crgup`ac Ujr`jnhf? Egrbuhj n. Agt dgrrfdtfl egr t`fs.
36 Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
Hjbp`rja :4. (Hjaoutja)
N. Kfmjhusja ( Fvfaafss) Fvfaafss) :. Vo` Agrbjh`tjs \fsts ge Agrbjh`ty
Kghbgcgrgv-Tb`ragvj
Egrbuhj
Ttjt`st`d
le
Tmjp`rg-S`hk
T`c. T`c.
Ttjt`st`d
le
T`c.
E9
,>64
4
.
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4
,543
E:
,:36
4
.
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4
:,999
E>
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4
.
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4
,643
E4
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4
.
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4
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4
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4
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E4 E9 E: Bg`sturf B> E> E4
,>64 ,:36 ,:36 ,4>= ,>64
4 4 4 4 4
. . . . .
,05< :,999 :,999 ,=3: ,05<
4 4 4 4 4
,543 :,999 :,999 ,>0= ,543
E9 E: Bg`sturf B4 E> E4
,4=6 ,4=6 ,4>= ,:36
4 4 4 4
. . . .
,369 ,369 ,=3: :,999
4 4 4 4
,999 ,999 ,>0= :,999
E9
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4
.
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4
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E:
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4
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4
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4 4
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4 4
,543 ,543
Kgal`s` Jwjh
Bg`sturf B:
Bg`sturf B<
j. H`hh`fegrs T`ca`e`djadf Dgrrfdt`ga >. Vo` Kruskjh-Sjhh`s \fst Ttjt`st`dsj,n
Kgal`s` Jwjh Bg`sturf B: Bg`sturf B> Bg`sturf B4 Bg`sturf B< Dm`-Tqujrf Le Jsybp. T`c.
5,03=
3,650
=,4=3
=,5=5
0,>4=
4
4
4
4
4
,934
,965
,940
,94<
,9>5
j. Kruskjh Sjhh`s \fst n. Crgup`ac Ujr`jnhf? Egrbuhj
35 Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
Hjbp`rja :4. (Hjaoutja)
4. Vo` Bjaa-Sm`tafy V
E9 E: E: —
Kgal`s` Jwjh Bg`sturf B: Bg`sturf B B> > Bg Bg`sturf `sturf B4 Bg`sturf B< Bjaa-Sm`tafy V
,699
:,999
4,999
>,699
,699
5,699
3,999
0,999
=,699
5,699
-:,33:
-:,6>=
-,53<
-,0:4
-:,33:
Jsybp. T`c. (>-tj`hfl)
,933
,:>3
,699
,45:
,933
Fxjdt T`c. [>*(:-tj`hfl
,:99 n
,>99 n
,399 n
, —
Kgal`s` Jwjh Bg`sturf B: Bg`sturf B B> > Bg Bg`sturf `sturf B4 Bg`sturf B< Bjaa-Sm`tafy V
>,699
,699
,999
,999
,999
S`hdgxga S
=,699
5,699
5,999
5,999
5,999
_
-,==5
-:,33:
-:,05<
-:,004
-:,05<
Jsybp. T`c. (>-tj`hfl)
,435
,933
,969
,9*(:-tj`hfl
n
n
n
n
, > Bg Bg`sturf `sturf B4 Bg`sturf B< Bjaa-Sm`tafy V
:,699
=
,999
-:,33:
-:,004
-:,05<
Jsybp. T`c. (>-tj`hfl)
,:=<
:,999
,933
,9*(:-tj`hfl
,>99 n
:,999 n
,:99 n
,:99 n
,:99 n
_
T`c.)R j. Crgup`ac Ujr`jnhf? Egrbuhj n. Agt dgrrfdtfl egr t`fs.
33 Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
Hjbp`rja :4. (Hjaoutja)
E: E> E> —
Kgal`s` Jwjh Bg`sturf B: Bg`sturf B B> > Bg Bg`sturf `sturf B4 Bg`sturf B< Bjaa-Sm`tafy V S`hdgxga S
,999 5,999
,999 5,999
,999 5,999
,999 5,999
,999 5,999
-:,05<
-:,05<
-:,05<
-:,004
-:,05<
Jsybp. T`c. (>-tj`hfl)
,969
,969
,969
,9*(:-tj`hfl
,:99 n
,:99 n
,:99 n
,:99 n
,:99 n
_
T`c.)R j. Crgup`ac Ujr`jnhf? Egrbuhj n. Agt dgrrfdtfl egr t`fs.
E: E4 E4 —
Bjaa-Sm`tafy V
Kgal`s` Jwjh Bg`sturf B: Bg`sturf B B> > Bg Bg`sturf `sturf B4 Bg`sturf B< 4,999 :,999 ,999 ,999 ,999
S`hdgxga S
0,999
3,999
5,999
5,999
5,999
_
-,53<
-:,6>=
-:,05<
-:,004
-:,05<
Jsybp. T`c. (>-tj`hfl)
,699
,:>3
,969
,9*(:-tj`hfl
,399 n
,>99 n
,:99 n
,:99 n
,:99 n
T`c.)R j. Crgup`ac Ujr`jnhf? Egrbuhj n. Agt dgrrfdtfl egr t`fs.
E> E4 E4 —
Kgal`s` Jwjh Bg`sturf B: Bg`sturf B B> > Bg Bg`sturf `sturf B4 Bg`sturf B< Bjaa-Sm`tafy V
,699
,699
>,699
4,699
-tj`hfl)
,933
,933
,435
,56=
,=>>
Fxjdt T`c. [>*(:-tj`hfl
,:99 n
,:99 n
,
Ygr` B4
Ygr` B<
Ttjt`st`d
le
Tmjp`rg-S`hk
T`c.
Ttjt`st`d
le
T`c.
E9
,4:<
4
.
,=04
4
,454
E:
,4=6
4
.
,369
4
,999
E>
,4=6
4
.
,369
4
,999
E4
,:36
4
.
:,999
4
:,999
E9
,4=6
4
.
,369
4
,999
E:
,4=6
4
.
,369
4
,999
E>
,:36
4
.
:,999
4
:,999
E4 E9
,>0> ,4=6
4 4
. .
,0>4 ,369
4 4
,
,4=6
4
.
,369
4
,999
E4
,>64
4
.
,05<
4
,543
E9 E: E> E4
,>64 ,4>= ,4=6 ,4=6
4 4 4 4
. . . .
,05< ,=3: ,369 ,369
4 4 4 4
,543 ,>0= ,999 ,999
E9
,>:0
4
.
,0=3
4
,3=9
E:
,4>=
4
.
,=3:
4
,>0=
E>
,4=6
4
.
,369
4
,999
E4
,>0>
4
.
,0>4
4
,. Vo` Kruskjh-Sjhh`s \fst Ttjt`st`dsj,n
Kgal`s` Jwjh Dm`-Tqujrf Le Jsybp. T`c.
Ygr` B:
Ygr` B>
Ygr` B4
Ygr` B<
:,3:=
>,9=5
5,=:>
0,
4
4
4
4
4
,544
,666
,933
,9>3
,9><
j. Kruskjh Sjhh`s \fst n. Crgup`ac Ujr`jnhf? Egrbuhj
30 Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
Hjbp`rja :4. (Hjaoutja)
4. Vo` Bjaa-Sm`tafy V E9 E: E: —
Kgal`s` Jwjh
Ygr` B:
Ygr` B>
Ygr` B4
Ygr` B<
Bjaa-Sm`tafy V
>,999
>,699
>,699
4,999
5=
,45:
,45:
,6:4
:,999
n
n
n
n
_ Jsybp. T`c. (>-tj`hfl) Fxjdt T`c. [>*(:-tj`hfl T`c.)R
,-tj`hfl) Fxjdt T`c. [>*(:-tj`hfl T`c.)R
Ygr` B:
Ygr` B>
Ygr` B4
Ygr` B<
,699
:,999
,999
,999
:9,999
=,699
3,999
5,999
5,999
-,>4>
-,=00
-:,569
-:,004
-:,004
,=:3
,450
,900
,9 —
Kgal`s` Jwjh
Ygr` B:
Ygr` B>
Ygr` B4
Ygr` B<
Bjaa-Sm`tafy V
>,699
>,699
:,999
,999
,999
S`hdgxga S
=,699
=,699
3,999
5,999
5,999
_
-,0:4
-,=00
-:,569
-:,004
-:,004
,45:
,450
,900
,,9,699
>,999
,699
,999
,999
S`hdgxga S
=,699
=,999
5,699
5,999
5,999
_
-,=00
-:,:93
-:,30=
-:,004
-:,05<
,450
,>5=
,93>
,,9
Ygr` B4
Ygr` B<
Bjaa-Sm`tafy V
4,699
4,699
>,699
:,999
,999
S`hdgxga S
0,699
0,699
=,699
3,999
5,999
_
-,
,>0> ,4=6 ,>64
4 4 4
. . .
,0>4 ,369 ,05<
4 4 4
,
E9 E>
,>64 ,4=6
4 4
. .
,05< ,369
4 4
,543 ,999
Tpgt B4
E9 E: E> E4
,>0> ,4=6 ,:36 ,4=6
4 4 4 4
. . . .
,0>4 ,369 :,999 ,369
4 4 4 4
,64
4
.
,05<
4
,543
E:
,4=6
4
.
,369
4
,999
E>
,4=6
4
.
,369
4
,999
Kgal`s` Jwjh
Tpgt B<
j. H`hh`fegrs T`ca`e`djadf Dgrrfdt`ga n. Tpgt B: `s dgastjat wmfa Egrbuhj Egrbuhj 2 E4. @t mjs nffa gb`ttfl. d. Tpgt B> `s dgastjat wmfa Egrbuhj 2 E:. @t mjs nffa gb`ttfl. l. Tpgt B> `s dgastjat wmfa Egrbuhj 2 E4. @t mjs nffa gb`ttfl. f. Tpgt B< `s dgastjat wmfa Egrbuhj 2 E4. @t mjs nffa gb`ttfl.
>. Vo` Kruskjh-Sjhh`s \fst Ttjt`st`dsj,n
Kgal`s` Jwjh Dm`-Tqujrf Le Jsybp. T`c.
5,90= 4 ,:93
j. Kruskjh Sjhh`s \fst n. Crgup`ac Ujr`jnhf? Ujr`jnhf? Egrbuhj
Tpgt B: 45
Tpgt B> 0,4:> 4 ,9>6
Tpgt B4 0,4:= 4 ,9>6
Tpgt B< 0,0=: 4 ,9:0
=> Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
Hjbp`rja :4. (Hjaoutja)
4. Vo` Bjaa-Sm`tafy V E9 E: E: —
Kgal`s` Jwjh
Tpgt B:
Tpgt B>
Tpgt B4
Tpgt B<
Bjaa-Sm`tafy V
4,699
:,999
,999
,999
,999
S`hdgxga S
0,699
3,999
5,999
5,999
5,999
_
-,4
->,9=3
-:,004
-:,004
,543
,:96
,943
,9-tj`hfl) Fxjdt T`c. [>*(:-tj`hfl T`c.)R j. Crgup`ac Ujr`jnhf? Egrbuhj n. Agt dgrrfdtfl egr t`fs.
E9 E> E> —
Kgal`s` Jwjh Bjaa-Sm`tafy V S`hdgxga S _ Jsybp. T`c. (>-tj`hfl) Fxjdt T`c. [>*(:-tj`hfl T`c.)R
Tpgt B:
Tpgt B>
Tpgt B4
Tpgt B<
,699
,999
,699
,999
:9,999
=,699
5,999
5,699
5,999
-,>>6
-,==5
-:,004
-:,33:
-:,004
,=>>
,435
,9
Tpgt B4
Tpgt B<
,699
,9=3
-:,004
->,9=3
,93>
:,999
,943
,9 E> —
Kgal`s` Jwjh
Tpgt B:
Tpgt B>
Tpgt B4
Tpgt B<
Bjaa-Sm`tafy V
>,699
4,699
4,999
4,699
>,999
S`hdgxga S
=,699
0,699
0,999
0,699
=,999
_
-,=00
-,,:>:
,999
->,9>4
->,:>:
,9*(:-tj`hfl T`c.)R j. Crgup`ac Ujr`jnhf? Egrbuhj n. Agt dgrrfdtfl egr t`fs.
E: E4 E4 —
Bjaa-Sm`tafy V S`hdgxga S _ Jsybp. T`c. (>-tj`hfl) Fxjdt T`c. [>*(:-tj`hfl T`c.)R j. Crgup`ac Ujr`jnhf? Egrbuhj n. Agt dgrrfdtfl egr t`fs.
E> E4 E4 —
Kgal`s` Jwjh Bjaa-Sm`tafy V S`hdgxga S _ Jsybp. T`c. (>-tj`hfl) Fxjdt T`c. [>*(:-tj`hfl T`c.)R j. Crgup`ac Ujr`jnhf? Egrbuhj n. Agt dgrrfdtfl egr t`fs.
Tpgt B:
Tpgt B>
Tpgt B4
Tpgt B<
,699
4,999
4,999
,999
,999
5,699
0,999
0,999
5,999
5,999
-:,30=
-,505
-:,999
-:,004
->,:>:
,93>
,
,4=6
4
.
,369
4
,999
E4
,:36
4
.
:,999
4
:,999
E:
,:36
4
.
:,999
4
:,999
Sr`akhf B4 E>
,:36
4
.
:,999
4
:,999
E4
,:36
4
.
:,999
4
:,999
E9
,4=6
4
.
,369
4
,999
E:
,4=6
4
.
,369
4
,999
E>
,:36
4
.
:,999
4
:,999
E4
,4=6
4
.
,369
4
,999
Kgal`s` Jwjh
Sr`akhf B>
Sr`akhf B<
j. H`hh`fegrs T`ca`e`djadf Dgrrfdt`ga n. Sr`akhf B: `s dgastjat wmfa Egrbuhj Egrbuhj 2 E9. @t mjs nffa gb`ttfl. d. Sr`akhf B4 `s dgastjat wmfa Egrbuhj 2 E9. @t mjs nffa gb`ttfl. >. Vo` Kruskjh-Sjhh`s \fst Ttjt`st`dsj,n
Kgal`s` Jwjh Sr`akhf B: Sr`akhf B> Sr`akhf B4 Sr`akhf B< Dm`-Tqujrf Le Jsybp. T`c.
=,:0: 4 ,9
j. Kruskjh Sjhh`s \fst n. Crgup`ac Ujr`jnhf? Ujr`jnhf? Egrbuhj
4,4
=,053 4 ,949
:9,:5
-:,6=:
-:,=>5
->,9=3
->,9>4
Jsybp. T`c. (>-tj`hfl)
,95=
,::<
,95=
,943
,9*(:-tj`hfl
,:99 n
,>99 n
,:99 n
,:99 n
,:99 n
S`hdgxga S _
T`c.)R j. Crgup`ac Ujr`jnhf? Egrbuhj n. Agt dgrrfdtfl egr t`fs.
E9 E> E> —
Kgal`s` Jwjh Sr`akhf B: Sr`akhf B> Sr`akhf B4
Sr`akhf B<
Bjaa-Sm`tafy V
4,999
:,699
,999
,999
,999
S`hdgxga S
0,999
3,699
5,999
5,999
5,999
_
-,34
->,9=3
-:,004
Jsybp. T`c. (>-tj`hfl)
,:
,999 n
,:99 n
,:99 n
,:99 n
T`c.)R j. Crgup`ac Ujr`jnhf? Egrbuhj n. Agt dgrrfdtfl egr t`fs.
E9 E4 E4 —
Kgal`s` Jwjh Sr`akhf B: Sr`akhf B> Sr`akhf B4
Sr`akhf B<
Bjaa-Sm`tafy V
:,999
:,699
,999
,999
,999
S`hdgxga S
3,999
3,699
5,999
5,999
5,999
-:,5>4
-:,6,9=3
->,9>4
Jsybp. T`c. (>-tj`hfl)
,:96
,:>:
,999 n
,>99 n
,:99 n
,:99 n
,:99 n
_
T`c.)R j. Crgup`ac Ujr`jnhf? Egrbuhj n. Agt dgrrfdtfl egr t`fs.
=5 Va`vfrs`tjs Tubjtfrj Vtjrj
Hjbp`rja :4. (Hjaoutja)
E: E> E> —
Kgal`s` Jwjh Sr`akhf B: Sr`akhf B> Sr`akhf B4
Sr`akhf B<
Bjaa-Sm`tafy V
:,999
4,699
:,999
,699
,999
S`hdgxga S
3,999
0,699
3,999
5,699
5,999
-:,569
-,-tj`hfl)
,900
,543
,900
,933
,9*(:-tj`hfl
,>99 n
,399 n
,>99 n
,:99 n
,:99 n
_
T`c.)R j. Crgup`ac Ujr`jnhf? Egrbuhj n. Agt dgrrfdtfl egr t`fs.
E: E4 E4 —
Kgal`s` Jwjh Sr`akhf B: Sr`akhf B> Sr`akhf B4 Bjaa-Sm`tafy V
Sr`akhf B<
,999
4,699
,999
,999
,999
5,999
0,699
5,999
5,999
5,999
-:,004
-,,9>4
Jsybp. T`c. (>-tj`hfl)
,9 Sr`akhf B4 Bjaa-Sm`tafy V
Sr`akhf B<
,699
-tj`hfl)
,93>
:,999
,
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