FORM 2, Chap 03-Biodiversity

Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Biodiversity Important Concepts 3.1 3. 1 Va Vari riet ety y of of Liv Livin ing g Thi Thing ngs s and and Th Thei eir r Classification  Quick Refresh Smart Review

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Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Important Concepts

Animals

Biodiversity

Plants

made up of 

Invertebrates examples

made up of 

Vertebrates

Flowering plants

Non-flowering plants

classified into

classified into

classified into

Earthworm

Fish

Monocotyledon

Algae

Squid

Amphibians

Dicotyledon

Fungi

Octopus

Reptiles

Moss

Beetle

Birds

Fern

Mammals TRG ± Scienc Science e Form 2 

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Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Chapter 

3.1

Variety of Living T hings and Their  Classification

Animals  Animals

can be classified into two groups:  Invertebrates  Animals without backbone  Make up the most number of a nimals on the Earth  Have great variety of shapes a nd sizes  Some invertebrates have soft bodies with no bones at all. Examples of these invertebrates are earthworms and octopus  Some invertebrates have coating on the outside of their bodies, also k nown as exoskeletons. Examples of these i nvertebrates are beetle and lobster   Vertebrates  Animals with backbone  All vertebrates are either warm-blooded or cold-blooded  Warm-blooded vertebrates have fixed body temperature  Cold-blooded vertebrates have body temperature that cha nges to the

surrounding temperature  Can be divided into five mai n groups, which are fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals TRG ± Scienc Science e Form 2 

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Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Chapter 

Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

3.1

Class

of vertebrate

Fish

Characteristics Characteristic

of body



Covered and protected by overlapping scales

Type of blood



Cold-blooded

Breathing organ



Gills

Type of fertilisation



Exter nal fertilisation

Method of reproduction

 Lay

Habitat



Examples of animals

eggs

Water 

Sardine, goldfish, eel, clownfish

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Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Chapter 

Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

3.1

Class

of vertebrate

Amphibians

Characteristics Characteristic

of body



Covered by moist skin

Type of blood



Cold-blooded

Breathing organ

 

Gills (tadpole stage) Skins and lungs (adult stage)

Type of fertilisation



Exter nal fertilisation

Method of reproduction

 Lay

Habitat



Examples of animals

eggs (without shell)

Water and land

Frog,

toad, salamander 

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Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Chapter 

Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

3.1

Class

of vertebrate

Reptiles

Characteristics Characteristic

of body



Covered with dry scales

Type of blood



Cold-blooded

Breathing organ

 Lungs

Type of fertilisation



Method of reproduction

 Lay

Habitat



Examples of animals

Inter nal fertilisation eggs (with shell)

Water and land

Crocodile, turtle, s nake

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Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Chapter 

Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

3.1

Class

of vertebrate

Birds

Characteristics Characteristic

of body



Covered with feathers Have beak Have a pair of wi ngs Have a pair of legs covered with dry d ry scales

Type of blood



Warm-blooded

Breathing organ

 Lungs

Type of fertilisation



Method of reproduction

 Lay

Habitat

 Land

  

Examples of animals

Inter nal fertilisation eggs (with shell)

Sparrow, swan, chicken, pigeon 7

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Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Chapter 

Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

3.1

Class

of vertebrate

Mammals

Characteristics Characteristic

of body



Covered with fur or hair  Have a pair of exter nal ears Have sweat gland Have mammary gland (produce milk for the young)

Type of blood



Warm-blooded

Breathing organ

 Lungs

Type of fertilisation



Inter nal fertilisation

Method of reproduction



Give birth to you ng

Habitat

 Land

  

Examples of animals

Lion,

deer, elephant, whale 8

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Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Chapter 

Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

3.1

Plant  Plants

can be classified into two groups:  Flowering plants  produce flower, fruit and seed. They reproduce by seeds  can be classified into monocotyledon and dicotyledon Characteristics Leaf 

Monocotyledon Leaves

with parallel

Dicotyledon Leaves

with network

veins

veins

Number of Cotyledon

One

Two

Type of stem

Soft stem

Woody stem

Type of root

ibrous Fibr

Tap roo rootts sy system

Examples



roo rootts sy system

Maize plant



Rambutan tree

 Non-f lowering plants fl ower,, fruit a nd seed. They reproduce by spores or   do not produce flower

binary fission  can be classified into algae, fungi, moss and fer n TRG ± Scienc Science e Form 2 

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Chapter 

3.1

Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Non-f lowering

plant

Algae

Characteristics

Type of stem, leaf and root

 Do not

Chlorophyll

 Present

Nutrition



Makes its own food (carries out photosynthesis)

Reproduction



Binary fission

Habitat



Water 

Examples of plant

have leaves, stem a nd root

Chlamydomonas, spirogyra, seaweed

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Chapter 

3.1

Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Non-f lowering

plant

Fungi

Characteristics

Type of stem, leaf and root

 Do not

Chlorophyll

 Absent

Nutrition



Reproduction

 Produces

Habitat

 Damp

Examples of plant

have leaves, stem a nd root

Gets food from livi ng or dead organisms (live as parasite) spores (yeast reproduce by buddi ng)

places

Mold, yeast, mushroom

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Chapter 

3.1

Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Non-f lowering

plant

Moss

Characteristics

Type of stem, leaf and root

 

Have leaves and stem Do not have root

Chlorophyll

 Present

Nutrition



Reproduction

 Produces

Habitat

 Damp

Examples of plant

Make its own food (carries out photosynthesis) spores

places

Moss

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Chapter 

3.1

Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Variety of Living Things and Their Classification

Non-f lowering

plant

Fer n

Characteristics

Type of stem, leaf and root



Chlorophyll

 Present

Nutrition



Reproduction

 Produce

Habitat

 Damp

Examples of plant

Have leaves, stem a nd root

Makes its own food (carries out photosynthesis) spores

places

Fer ns

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Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Q.R. 3.1

Quick Refresh

 Living org rga anisms can be classi assifi fied ed into into anim anima als and plants  Habitat is the place that living iving organi organisms sms lives ives,, seek seeks s foo food and and rep repro rodu duce ce  Animals are divided into two group, which is vert verteb ebrat rate e and and inve invert rteb ebra rate te  Most of the ani animals on earth are invert invertebra ebrates tes  Vertebrates

is the animals with backbones. These includes fish, amphibians ibians,, repti reptiles, bird rds s and mammals

 Inve Invert rteb ebra rate tes s is the animals without backbo backbones nes  Plants are divided into two groups, which are f loweri owering ng plants ants and and

non-f loweri owering ng plants  Floweri owering ng plants can be classi assifi fied ed into into mono monoco coty tyledo edon and and dico dicottyledon  Non-f loweri owering ng plants can be classi assiffied ied into into algae, fungi, moss and fern ern

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Chapter 3 : Biodiversity

Smart

Review

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A living thing also known as an org rga anism

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Liv Living ing or orga gan nism isms exis existt in vario arious us shapes apes,, size sizes s and and habitats

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Variations is the differences that exist between the same species of   iving organi organism sm living

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Some mammals have unusual charac aracte teri rist stic ics s than other mammals, such as (a) Whales and dolphins (live in wat water like fish) (b) Bats (have win wings and f ly like ike bird birds) s) (c) Anteaters (body covered wit with dry scales like ike rept reptiiles, lay eggs eggs))

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Inse Insect cts s cons consti titu tute tes s the large argest st numb number er amon among g anim anima als

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