Forces in Fluid Worksheets

Physical Science Pressure 1

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Forces in Fluid Worksheet I

Name _____________________________ Sect ______

Define

2

Formula

3

Units

Fluid Pressure a Define fluid b

How does a fluid exert a pressure

c

Air pressure 1 Define 2

How measured

3

What is/are Standard Pressure(s)

4

Balanced Forces a Define

5

b

How do they affect us

c

How do they protect us

Variation in Fluid Pressure a Define b

air pressure and elevation

c

fluid pressure and depth

Transmitting pressure in a fluid 1 Pascal’s Principle a Define b

Examples

c

How are forces multiplied (see figure 9)

d

How is the Heart an example of a force pump

e

How does a Medicine dropper use fluid pressure

Physical Science

Forces in Fluid Worksheet II Name ____________________________ Sect ______

Hydraulic systems a Define b

What will they do

c

How do they do it

d

Examples

e

Natural applications

Buoyancy 1 Define 2

Give examples

Archimedes’ principle a State the principle b

When will objects float

c

When will objects sink

d

Density

e

Does buoyancy relate to something other than density also.

Boyle’s Law – Pressure and volume are in an indirect relationship. If pressure increases, volume decreases. P1 * V1 = P2 * V2

(make sure all pressure units and volume units are the same)

Physical Science Forces in Fluids Worksheet III Name __________________________________ Sect ___ (MUST SHOW ALL MATH WORK) Calculate the pressure if: (find the answer in N/cm2) i 200 N pushes on a 10 cm x 10 cm surface: _____________________________ ii 200 N pushes on a 10 cm x 1.0 cm surface: _____________________________ iii 200 N pushes on a 1.0 cm x 1.0 cm surface: _____________________________ iv 1000N pushes on a 10 cm x 1 cm surface: _______________________________ If the pressure of the atmosphere is applying a pressure of 1 ATM. on the front of your hand, what is pressing on the back of your hand?

A can crushes when attached to a vacuum pump because the air is removed from inside the can by the pump. This causes the outside air pressure to overcome the interior pressure and air outside tries to move inside. The same can would crush if 1 inch of boiling water is in the can, heat is removed and an airtight plug is applied to the can. Why? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Why do municipal water suppliers store water in tall water tanks? Be specific! _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ Where is there more pressure; at the top of the dam or at the bottom of the dam? WHY? _________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ If a 20 N force is applied to a 4cm2 piston answer the following if attached to the same fluid: a The force applied to a 16 cm2 piston:______________________________________________________ b The force applied to a 200 cm2 piston: ____________________________________________________ c The area that would supply a 200 N force:

If metal sinks, how can we build boats that float in water out of metal? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ If a 1200 cm3 block that weighs 1400g in air is placed in water, how much will it seem to weigh while under water? Density of water is 1 g/cm3.

Physical Science Forces in Fluids Worksheet IV Name _______________________________ Sect_____ (MUST SHOW ALL MATH) Why does an Iceberg float with only a small portion above the surface of the water? Density of ice= .92g/cm3

Describe how a “Density Column” can be built. (see page 363 in your text)

Find the density of a block that is 20cm x 15cm x 10cm and has a mass of 4500 grams.

If a boat builder wants a ship to ride high in the water, describe the best shape of the boat.

What are the special characteristics that allow a submarine to go from positive to negative buoyancy?

Find the volume of a balloon if a 230 ml balloon is at 5 ATM. if the pressure changes to 1150mmHg.

In the diagram below, if the car is applying a downward force of 1million N on a piston that has an area of 200000cm2, find the force needed on the other piston which has an area of 250 cm2.

What are the equivalent values to 1 Standard Atmosphere of pressure? __________mmHg __________kPa ___________Lbs/in 2 __________ Torr What are the equivalent values to 2.75 Standard Atmospheres of pressure? __________mmHg __________kPa ___________Lbs/in 2 __________ Torr

Physical Science Forces in Fluids Worksheet V Name _______________________________ Sect_____ (MUST SHOW ALL MATH) 1 Fill in the blanks a 475 mmHg = ____________ATM b 2.5 ATM = ____________kPa c 850 Torr = ____________mmHg d 90 lb/in2 = ____________ATM e 250 kPa = ____________ mmHg 2

If a balloon is in a 3 ATM pressurized container and has a volume of 1250 ml, what will the volume be if the balloon is released into the room with a barometric pressure of 745 mmHg?

3

If an iceberg has a mass of 30,000,000 grams, what mass of ice will be above water? (Dice = .92g/ml)

4

A hydraulic auto lift is operated by movement of a small piston with 2.5 cm2 area. If a 20 N force is applied to the small cylinder, find the force that can be applied on the larger 300 cm2 piston attached to the lift.

5

If a 2.5 liter jug is filled with water, how many grams of water will be used?

6

If a plastic container is filled with water, how many grams of water will be needed? The dimensions of the container are 30cm x 40cm x 10cm.

7

Find the volume of a balloon if a 230 ml balloon is at 5 ATM. if the pressure changes to 1150mmHg.

8

What is the pressure applied to the top of the table if a 2500 N force is supported on a pedestal with a footprint of 5 cm x 12 cm? Be sure to include units in your answer.

9

What must the density of a Cartesian Diver be if upon applying force to a plastic bottle, the Diver begins to move downward in the bottle?

10 If two liquids are A on top of B in a Density Column, what TWO things do we know about them? a _______________________________________________________________________________ b _______________________________________________________________________________ 11 Why does a Blimp fly? ______________________________________________________________

Forces in Fluids Lab

Names __________________________________________ Sect ___

Stations: Students will work in groups of 3 and collect data at each station. One Write-up/group will be turned in with all names. 1

Station 1: Boyle’s Law Apparatus: Pressure changing volume of trapped gas a With 0 mass on the top, push down on the plunger and let it rise up. Record the volume of the gas. b Place 1 large brass weight on top of the device. Be careful to balance the weight on the apparatus so that they do not tip over. That can break the device. Push the plunger down with a few fingers and let it rise up. Record the mass & volume. c Repeat step b two more times. Record the mass and volume each time. Total Mass

Volume (ml)

0 grams 500 grams 1000 grams 1500 grams The mass of the brass weights provides a force on the gas in the tube which will cause Pressure from the brass weights. Draw a graph of Volume (ml) vs. Pressure (Mass in grams). X axis is the Independent variable while Y is the Dependent. Don’t forget to Title the graph and Label both axis and properly place independent and dependent variables.

2

Station 2: Pressure and Depth of fluid a Fill the milk jug with holes on the side while inside the sink. b Observe the distance (horizontally away from the jug) that water travels out of each hole. c Record what you see paying attention to distance the water shoots from the jug from each hole. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ d What causes the water to shoot out different distances in your observations (Page 351)? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________

3

Station 3: Pressure and unbalanced forces (Caution: Hot Plate and boiling water can injure you. Use Hot Gloves to handle the boiling water containers.) a Fill empty water bottle 1/5 with very hot water and cap tightly. Shake the bottle. Notice the firmness of the bottle. RECORD any changes that you notice after shaking the bottle with Hot water. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ b Hold the bottle under running water, observe and RECORD what happens to the bottle. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ c Explain why these changes take place? (Read Page 350 first)________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Station 4: Buoyancy a Stopper a sink and fill with water. Take a Medicine Vile and steel washers and fill in the following chart. Number of metal washers inside % of vile below water line (estimate) Is vial floating or sinking 0 washers 6 washers 12 washers 18 washers 24 washers 30 washers b What is happening to the vile to cause it to sink deeper in the water as additional metal washers are added? Read the Buoyancy section starting on page 359 before answering ___________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________

5

Station 5: Cartesian Diver Control DO NOT OPEN THE CAP. DO NOT SHAKE OR INVERT THE BOTTLE! a A 2L bottle has been filled with water. A small test tube partially filled with water was inverted and inserted and the bottle was sealed tightly. b Squeeze the bottle to control the test tube “Diver” as it sinks and rises. c Closely observe and RECORD what the water level in the “Diver” is doing as you squeeze and release the bottle. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ d Explain, IN DETAIL, HOW each of these points affect the “Diver” going up and down as you squeeze the bottle? Because the water level changed, what property of the Diver changes_________________________________________ Why does a change in this property cause the diver to rise and fall ___________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________

6

Station 6: Boat Drafts a Place the 10 BB’s into a the test tube. Float it in the water. What is the depth of tube below water ______________mm b Place the 10 BB’s into a watch glass. Float it in water. What is the depth of glass below water _________________mm c What can be deduced from the difference in the sinking data using the term buoyancy(Page 359)? _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Station 7: Pressure and surface area Pressure = Force/area (Do steps a and b at station, calculations can be done later) a Measure in cm the dimensions of the wooden block. L ___________cm W ___________cm H ___________cm b Measure the mass of the block which we are going to use as our force pushing downward ___________________g c What are the appropriate units for pressure in this problem? _____________________________________________ d Calculate the area of the largest surface on the block. _______________________________________________cm2 e Calculate the area of the medium surface on the block. ______________________________________________cm2 f Calculate the area of the smallest surface on the block. ______________________________________________cm2 g Calculate the pressure the block is applying to the table top when on the large surface _____________________g/cm 2 h Calculate the pressure the block is applying to the table top when on the medium surface __________________g/cm 2 i Calculate the pressure the block is applying to the table top when on the small surface _____________________g/cm 2 j Which of the above is the highest pressure and why? _____________________________________________________