Fobia Spesifik

FOBIA SPESIFIK 

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Defnisi  Penyakit

Ketakutan (Fobia) adalah kecemasan yang luar biasa, terus menerus dan tidak realistis, sebagai respon terhadap keadaan eksternal tertentu.  Fobia spesifk adalah adanya rasa

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Epidemiologi •

Studi epidemiologis menunjukkan bahwa obia adalah salah satu gangguan jiwa yang paling la!im di "merika Serikat. Sekitar # hingga $% persen populasi diperkirakan terkena gangguan yang menyulitkan dan kadang & kadang membuat ketidakmampuan etidakmampu an ini. Perkiraan yang lebih modern

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Etiologi •

Fobia Spesifk dapat timbul akibat pemasangan objek atau situasi spesifk dengan rasa takut dan panik. *mumnya, kecenderungan kecenderungan nonspesifk untuk mengalami rasa takut takut atau ansietas membentuk latar belakang+ ketika suatu peristiwa khusus ( contohnya menyetir) digabungkan dengan pengalaman emosional (contohnya kecelakaan), kecelakaan), orang tersebut rentan

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Factor Genetik  Studi melaporkan bahwa dua pertiga sampai tiga perempat proband yang terkena sedikitnya memiliki kerabat derajat pertama yang memiliki obia spesifk dengan tipe sama, tetapi studi kembar dan adopsi yang penting belum •

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Gambaran Klinis •

 emuan  emuan utama pada pemeriksaan pemeriksaan status mental adalah adanya rasa takut takut yang tidak rasional dan ego& distonik akan suatu situasi, aktiitas, atau objek spesifk+ pasien mampu menggambarkan cara mereka

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Kriteria diagnosis Gangguan Waam menurut DS!"I#"$% asa

takut berlebihan yang nyata, menetap dan tidak beralasan, dicetuskan oleh adanya atau antisipasi terhadap suatu objek atau situasi spesifk ( cth /

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1ont.. Penghindaran,

antisipasi ansietas atau distress pada situasi yang ditakuti mengganggu ungsi rutin normal, pekerjaan (atau akademik) atau aktiitas maupun hubungan social

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Diagnosis Banding  4ipokondriasis  5angguan

obsesi kompulsi 

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 erapi  erapi $erapi Psikologik&   erapi  erapi perilaku perila ku merupakan terapi yang

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1ont.. $erapi erap i Farmakologis armakolo gis 0bat 8 obat yang eekti adalah SS9 (serotonin (s erotonin selectie re&uptake inhibitor), khususnya untuk obia