FN-6 Operation Manual

Operation manual of FN-6 ground-to-air missile weapon system

Operation Manual of FN-6 Ground-to-air Missile Weapon system

Operation manual of FN-6 ground-to-air missile weapon system

Contents 1. General description 1.1 System composition 1.2 Combat airspace 2. Combat procedures 2.1 Preparation procedure before combat 2.2 Launching procedure 2.3 Missile flight 3. Safety operation rule 3.1 General requirement 3.2 Warning 3.3 Safe notes during launching the missile Appendix Launching zone and killing zone

Operation manual of FN-6 ground-to-air missile weapon system

1. General description FN-6 is a single-man-portable, shoulder-fired ground- to- air missile weapon system (This manual only concerns combat equipment). Under the visual condition, by head-on and tail-chase attack (mainly head-on), the combat equipment can intercept the fighter, fighter-bomber, strike aircraft and armed helicopter whose speed is no more than 300m/s, maneuver overload is no more than 6 and the flight height is no more than 4000m. The combat equipment can also cooperate with other air defense equipment to protect the marching troops and important places. Featured by easy-operation (with manual and automatic launching), flexible-launching (launched in standing or kneeling posture, refer to Fig.1-1 and Fig.1-2) and “fire-and-forget” ability, FN-6 missile can be launched not only from trench, wide-land, wetland and roof of buildings, but also from ships and the armed vehicles driving in the flat road (the speed is no more than 20km/h).

Fig.1-1 Standing launch

Fig.1-2 Kneeling launch

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Operation manual of FN-6 ground-to-air missile weapon system

Guidance section Missile MIT Launching tube

GPGSD

Combat equipment

Fuse/Warhead section Motor section

LM OAD

Fig.1-3 Composition diagram of combat equipment

1.1 System composition FN-6 weapon system consists of combat equipment, testing cabin and training equipment. Combat equipment consists of HNT-6 missile-in-tube (MIT), ND-6 ground power/gas supply device (GPGSD), SK-6 launching mechanism (LM) and MG-6 optical aiming device (OAD) (Fig.1-3). The optical aiming device or mechanical aiming device can be selected according to practical combat condition. “Operation and maintenance manual of HNT-6 missile-in-tube” see the Appendix 1. “Operation and maintenance manual of ND-6 ground power/gas supply device” see the Appendix 2. “Operation and maintenance manual of SK-6 launching mechanism” see the Appendix 3. “Operation and maintenance manual of MG-6 optical aiming device” see the Appendix 4. Missile-in-tube, the basic part of weapon system, is composed of missile and launching tube, etc. (see Fig.1-4) The missile is composed of guidance section, fuse/warhead section, and motor section.

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Operation manual of FN-6 ground-to-air missile weapon system

Fig.1-4 Missile-in-tube

The guidance section consists of IR seeker and control section, see Fig.1-5. The section fulfils all functions of missile guidance system. IR seeker collects target’s IR radiating energy and measures moving features of target to form a command signal. The control section circuit converts the command signal to a control signal to form an actuator (control surface)-deflecting signal to control the direction change of control surface, and control the missile to fly towards the target by guidance law.

Fig.1-5 Guidance section

Fuse/warhead section (see Fig.1-6) consists of fuse and warhead. The main function of fuse is to send an igniting signal to ignite warhead at the moment when the missile hits a target directly. The target is killed, blasted and ignited by fragment from warhead explosion, overpressure of explosion shock wave and high-temperature metal burning material.

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Operation manual of FN-6 ground-to-air missile weapon system

Fig.1-6 Fuse/warhead section

Motor consists of launching motor, delay igniter and chief motor, see Fig.1-7. The chief motor is a dual-thrust, single combustion chamber solid rocket motor. Its basic operating process is as follows: first launch missile from the launching tube by launching motor, so that the missile obtains required speed and spinning rate to leave the tube. The delay igniter ensures ignition of chief motor beyond a safe distance for protection of the shooter. The missile is speeded to a predetermined cruise speed by the first-stage thrust of chief motor, then the flight speed of the missile is slowly increased by the second-stage thrust until the operation of chief motor is terminated.

Fig.1-7 Motor

The launching mechanism is composed of structural components and electronic circuitry. It serves the function of supplying power for onboard

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Operation manual of FN-6 ground-to-air missile weapon system

equipment, running and rotating gyro, unlocking, signal analysis and implementation of launching procedure during launching preparation and launching process. The missile will be launched by the operation of shooter. Fig.1-8 is the launching mechanism.

Fig.1-8 Launching mechanism

Ground power/gas supply device will provide ±20V,＋5V power for the onboard equipment, and the high-pressure pure argon which can cool the indium antimonide detector quickly. It is expendable. Fig.1-9 is the Ground power/gas supply device.

Fig.1-9 Ground power/gas supply device

Installed on the launching tube, the optical aiming device will enlarge the distance of surveillance, track, and aiming to improve the

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Operation manual of FN-6 ground-to-air missile weapon system

operation ability of combat equipment. Fig.1-10 is the optical aiming device.

Fig.1-10 Optical aiming device

The container provides a good environment for storage and transportation of the combat equipment in order to guarantee its performance and life. There are 5 kinds of containers: No.1 for two missiles-in-tube and four ground power/gas supply devices; No.2 for one launching mechanism with jacket and one protective eyeglasses; No.5 for one optical aiming device; No.6 for spare parts and tools of missile-in-tube; and No.7 for spare parts of launching mechanism. The general picture of basic combat equipment of FN-6 ground-to-air missile weapon system refers to Fig.1-11. 1.2 Combat airspace The combat airspace of FN-6 missile combat equipment is: Max. interception altitude: 4000m Min. interception altitude: 15m Max. slant range: 5500m Min. slant range: 800m (head-on attack), 500m (tail-chase attack) Max. short-cut course: 2800m In appendix, the diagram of theoretical combat zone (launching zone, killing zone) is provided when the combat equipment intercepts the high and low speed targets.

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Operation manual of FN-6 ground-to-air missile weapon system

Fig.1-11Combat equipment of FN-6 missile weapon system 1.Ground power/gas supply device; 2. Launching mechanism; 3. Optical aiming device; 4. Missile-in-tube.

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Operation manual of FN-6 ground-to-air missile weapon system

2. Combat procedures The combat procedures include preparation procedure before combat, launching procedure and missile flight. 2.1 Preparation procedure before combat The preparation procedure before combat is composed of the procedure converting from package status to marching status, and the procedure converting from the marching status to combat status. 2.1.1 Converting from package status to marching status The procedure of converting form package status to marching status is as follows: a. Remove the lead seal, open the No.1 container. b. Rotate the document box cover on container, take out the packing list and related paper, check if the document is complete, then make sure if the products inside are complete as per packing list. c. Take out one missile-in-tube and one ground power/gas supply device, mount the latter on the former, and carry the missile-in-tube on left shoulder by right-declined with the head downwards. d. Remove the lead seal, open the No.2 container, take out one launching mechanism with jacket and one protective eyeglass. Take out one ground power/gas supply device from No.1 container and place it into the jacket and carry them on the right shoulder by left-declined. e. Take out the optical aiming device and sheath from No.5 container, then put the optical aiming device into the jacket and carry it on the left shoulder by right-declined. Note: 1) The above procedure is for the case of using optional optical aiming device. 2) Procedure “e” can be omitted in the case of no optional optical

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Operation manual of FN-6 ground-to-air missile weapon system

aiming device. 3) In marching status: The shooter carries the jacket containing launching mechanism, protective eyeglasses and back-up ground power/gas supply device on right shoulder by left-declined, and carries the missile-in-tube (connected with the ground power/gas supply device) on left shoulder by right-declined, with the head of missile-in-tube downwards, refer to Fig.2-1.

Fig.2-1 Marching status

2.1.2 Converting from marching status to combat status The procedure converting from marching status to combat status is as follows: a. The shooter kneels down by one leg or squats and moves the missile-in-tube with ground power/gas supply device to the front of chest. b. Take out the launching mechanism from jacket and connect it with the missile-in-tube. c. Remove the fore and aft covers.

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Operation manual of FN-6 ground-to-air missile weapon system

d. Take out the optical aiming device from its jacket, and connect it with launching tube. Open the fore cover of optical aiming device, and determine if the eye lens filter is needed according to background. e. Carry the weapon on shoulder. f. Aim at the targets through optical aiming device. Note: 1) The above procedure is for the case of using optional optical aiming device. 2) Procedure “d” can be omitted when the optical aiming device is not adapted, and procedure “f” shall be altered to: Raise the fore and aft aiming device and leading indicating pin on the launching tube, and aim at targets through mechanical aiming device. 2.2 Launching procedure The launching procedure is divided into manual launching and auto launching procedure. 2.2.1 Manual launching procedure a. Aim at the target through mechanical or optical aiming device (note: keep away from sunlight during aiming). b. Once the target is found, turn the impact trigger of ground power/gas supply device according to the direction of arrow to activate the device. c. The stable light signal will be showed in the optical aiming device after the seeker captures the target, and the stable light and sound signal will appear on the launching tube. d. Press the launching trigger to the first position when the target enters the launching zone, then the seeker will be unlocked from electric-locking status and track the target stably. e. According to the type, speed, altitude, right/left course, short-cut course and slant range of the target, set corresponding elevation/azimuth

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Operation manual of FN-6 ground-to-air missile weapon system

leading. f. Press the launching trigger to the second position, and the missile is launched. g. After launching, the shooter can shift to shield place. In the case of multi-batch enemy aircrafts, the shooter should prepare for the next launching. 2.2.2 Automatic launching procedure a. Same as the item “a” in clause 2.2.1. b. Same as the item “b” in clause 2.2.1. c. Same as the item “c” in clause 2.2.1. d. When the target enters the launching zone, just press the trigger to the second position. e. If the seeker captures the target stably, it will be unlocked automatically. Set the elevation/azimuth leading within one second. If the angular velocity q = 1 / s  q  10 / s , the missile will be launched automatically. Tab.1 Target velocity and shooting mode Elevation Head-on attack Low-speed Not add target Tail-chase Head-on attack High-speed target Tail-chase Fixed target

Add 10º Not add Not add

Leading Azimuth Add 2.5º-5º along the target flight direction If the target entering angle is no less than 45º, add 10º along the target flight direction; if the target entering angle is less than 45º, add 5º along the target flight direction. Not add

2.2.3 Leading In order to decrease the initial deviation of trajectory effectively and shorten the correcting time, the leading is required to be set during

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Operation manual of FN-6 ground-to-air missile weapon system

launching. The hit probability will be improved (especially for the near zone) if the leading is suitable. 2.2.3.1 Set of leading The set of leading is relative to the flight characteristics (velocity, course,

altitude)

of

targets

and

the

shooting

mode

(head-on

attack/tail-chase), etc. Choose the leading according to the requirements in tab.1 during launching. In the table, the “target-entering angle” is the acute angle between target flight direction and line of sight during launching, refer to the Fig.2-2. Sight-line direction In head-on attack launching

Sight-line direction In tail-chase launching

Flight direction of target Entering angle of target

Flight direction of target

Launching site

Launching site Target entering angle during head-on attack launching

Entering angle of target

Target entering angle during tail-chase launching

Fig.2-2 The schematic diagram of target entering angle

2.2.3.2 Methods of setting leading a. Add the leading by means of mechanical aiming device and indicating pin See the Fig.2-3, “A ” is the convex point of indicating pin, and “B” is the end of pin. The distance between “O” and “A” indicates the elevation leading of 20º; the distance between “O” and “C” indicates the azimuth leading of 10º. “D”, “E” and “F” are the middle points of “BC”, “CD” and “BD” respectively, and indicate the elevation leading of 5º, 10º

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Operation manual of FN-6 ground-to-air missile weapon system

and 15º respectively. “G” is the middle point of “OC” and indicates the azimuth leading of 5º. Based on the symmetry theory, “H” indicates the azimuth leading of 5º, and “I” indicates the azimuth leading of 10º. The example of setting leading is as follows: When attacking a high-speed target in head-on mode from right course, the initial aiming center is the mechanical aiming device center “O”. Before launching, the azimuth and elevation leading are both required adding by 10 (in Fig.2-3, the “D” is the leading point), so the shooter aims at the target through “D” point.

Fig. 2-3 The leading diagram of mechanical aiming device and indicating pin

b. Adding the leading by graduation board of optical aiming device The angle scale of elevation and azimuth is indicated in the graduation board of optical aiming device. Fig.2-4 indicates the graduation of leading in the board. Each grid of the board indicates 5, and there are 4 grids in azimuth and 3 in elevation, so elevation leading can be added up to 15, and the azimuth leading can be added by 10. For example, if attacking the high-speed target entering from left course in head-on mode, the cross center with circle is the initial aiming center. The 10elevation leading and 5azimuth leading are needed(in

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Operation manual of FN-6 ground-to-air missile weapon system

Fig.2-4, “A” is the point of leading). The shooter aims the target through “A” point (refer to Fig.2-4).

Fig.2-4 Adding leading via graduation board of optical aiming device

2.2.3.3 Notes of adding leading a. Aim the target through leading point directly after adding the elevation /azimuth leading simultaneously. b. The shooter should track the target stably by leading point before the missile leaves tube. 2.3 Missile flight The missile-borne battery is activated after the launching mechanism delivers the launching command. The ground power transfers to the missile-borne power 0.6s later. The fuse is power on. The missile-borne gas vessel is opened 0.15s later. The missile-block pin drops out 0.15s later. The launching motor ignites, and the missile begins moving forward. Meanwhile, the missile spins in the tube under the action of lateral inclined component of the motor thrust. When the motor thrust overload is more than or equal to 35 and lasts more than 45ms, a reference signal of the fuse clock is generated. The time circuit of the fuse begins to count time. The missile moves in the tube for about 0.05～0.085s. The initial velocity is about 30m/s and the spinning rate is about 20r/s while leaving.

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Operation manual of FN-6 ground-to-air missile weapon system

The snap-on tail fin sleeves on the missile when the missile lifts off. The missile flies a safety distance for more than 8m by means of inertia before the first stage of the chief motor operates. The fuse releases the first stage safety when the chief motor operates. And it releases the second stage safety when the missile flies for about 1.6s, and 0.03s later the initiation circuit charges. The detonator and booster are aligned. The fuse is ready. When the missile encounters the target, the fuse detonates the warhead. If the missile misses the target, the fuse detonates the warhead for missile self-destruct when the missile flies for about 16s. The missile guidance and control function are implemented by the guidance system. The four-element detector of the seeker receives the infrared signal of the target and forms an output signal, whose amplitude is direct proportional to the angular velocity of line-of-sight, and whose phase is consistent with the target azimuth. This signal is delivered to the autopilot to control the deflection of control surface and form control force. The missile flies to the target by proportional guidance law. While attacking the high speed target, a forward offset signal Uqy is applied in the guidance loop before the missile hits the target to make the hit point move forward to the critical part of the target.. The operation procedure of the combat equipment, refer to the Fig.2-5: Launching preparation and procedure of combat equipment.

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Operation manual of FN-6 ground-to-air missile weapon system

Discover and track the target Activate the ground power and gas supply device Deliver gas to the detector and power to the electronic combination and missile-borne equipment Start and stabilize the gyro rotation Put the launching trigger to the second position No sound and light signal

No

Target captured?

Green lamp lighting and the sound producing continuously

No No sound and light signal

Target captured? Yes Green lamp lighting, and the sound producing continuously

Yes Green lamp lighting, and the sound producing continuously

Put the launch trigger to the first position

Unlock the gyro of the seeker

Unlock gyro

Green lamp blinking and q ＜1(°)/s the sound producing continuously Launch trigger returns to zero

Manual launch for low velocity target

q analysis

q ＞12(°)/s Green lamp not lighting, and the sound producing intermittently

Activate and transfer the missile-borne power Activate the missile-borne gas Initiate electrical squib of the missile-block pin, Drop missile-block pin out

Put launching trigger to the first position Ignite launching motor Unlock gyro Missile lift off Put launch trigger to the second position Fig.2-5 Launching preparation and procedure of combat equipment

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Put the launch trigger to the second position

Operation manual of FN-6 ground-to-air missile weapon system

3. Safety operation rule 3.1 General requirement a. The combat equipment should be kept well, ready for combat at any moment. b. The operation of the combat equipment should follow this rule strictly. c. Only specially trained and qualified personnel is allowed to operate the combat equipment. d. Drop out or collision is forbidden. 3.2 Warning a. Forbid to take out the missile from tube. b. Forbid to aim the missile-in-tube without the front cover at the sun . c. Forbid to turn the impact trigger of ground power/gas supply device when not launching the missile. d. Forbid to jump off vehicle or high position while carrying combat equipment. e. Forbid to lay the unpackaged combat equipment directly on the floor of the vehicle carriage during moving. 3.3 Safety notes during launching the missile a. To avoid the missile falling down to the earth, the elevation angle of launching should not be less than15º; to avoid the plume of motor endangering the shooter, the elevation angle of launching should not be more than 60º when launching in standing posture ,and not more than 40º when launching in kneeling posture. b. Requirement of launching site. Any person, ammunition or inflammable is forbidden to be close to the shooter in 10m if there is blindage.

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Operation manual of FN-6 ground-to-air missile weapon system

Any person, ammunition or inflammable is forbidden to be in the 90 fan section of 18m diameter behind the shooter if there is gravel in the launching site. There should not be high constructions (wall, blindage wall or claybank) within 0.5m behind the back end of launching tube. c. Forbid to remove the launching mechanism when operating the missile-in-tube. d. Forbid to down-decline the head of launching tube before the missile leaves the tube when the trigger of launching mechanism is pressed to the second position. e. Forbid to press the trigger of launching mechanism to the second position in following situations: · The included angle between line of sight to the target and sun is 15. · The stable continuous light and sound signal for target acquisition is not generated when manual launching. · Any of flight parameters of target (velocity, altitude, short-cut course, etc.) exceeds the permitted range. f. Forbid to launch the missile when the aft cover is not removed.

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Operation manual of FN-6 ground-to-air missile weapon system

Appendix Launching zone and killing zone 4000

y(m)

3000

2000

1000

0 -8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

0 x(m)

2000

4000

6000

Theoretical launching zone (solid line) and killing zone (dotted line) against the low-speed target

A-1

8000

Operation manual of FN-6 ground-to-air missile weapon system

5000

4000

y(m)

3000

2000

1000

0 -8000

-6000

-4000

-2000

x(m)

0

2000

4000

Theoretical launching zone (solid line) and killing zone (dotted line) against high-speed targets

A-2

6000