Flujometria-Melvin Medina

 

3:3:  

B`ufdamtrán

Am`vhl Amehln 33.797.:27 (@ncdrntdrhd em hlstruamltnohÿl) H]Z _nlthnid Anrhþd 39-9-3:3:

 

 

´^uè ms b`ufdamtrán4  @n embhlhohÿl tèolhon em uln b`ufdamtrán d urdb`ufdamtrán ms `n onlthene em vd`uaml ahoohdln` (drhln) m`hahlnen pdr ulhene em thmapd. _m mxprmsn ml oa? (d a`) ehvhehed pdr smiuled. s miuled. M` b`ufd ahoohdln` ml oun`quhmr pmrsdln ld ms odlstnltm, shld sh ld qum vnrán n `d `nrid em `n ahoohÿl, enled `uinr n ulns ourvns em b`ufd onrnotmrásthons. Ounled ul urÿ`did rmn`hzn mstn prumcn mstî ahehmled `n onlthene em drhln qum `n vmfhin em` pnohmltm ms onpnz em drhlnr pdr smiuled, `n eurnohÿl em `n ahoohÿl y oun`quhmr onlthene em b`ufd hltmrahtmltm.

 B`ufd em b`uheds odaprmlshc`ms odaprmlshc`ms   B`ufd em b`uheds hlodaprmlshc`ms hlodaprmlshc`ms   @n odaprmshch`hene  @n  odaprmshch`hene em ul b`ufd ms cîshonamltm uln  @n hlodaprmshch`hene ms uln nprdxhanohÿl y sm ehom  @n hlodaprmshch`hene qum m` b`ufd ms hlodaprmshc`m sh `n `n emlshene  emlshene pmranlmom  pmranlmom nprdxhanenamltm odlstnltm n `d `nrid em tded m` b`ufd. Zdr `d tnltd, m` vd`uaml m`  vd`uaml em tdens `ns pdrohdlms `ns pdrohdlms em` b`uhed pmranlmom b`uhed pmranlmom hln`tmrned sdcrm m` oursd em su advhahmltd ounled m` b`ufd d m`  b`uhed ms hlodaprmshc`m.  Ml msmlohn, `ns emlshenems em `ds `áquheds sdl odlstnltms y nsá m` b`ufd em m``ds ms táphonamltm hlodaprmshc`m.

amehen ml m` onachd em `n emlshene. @ds insms sdl ml imlmrn` auy odaprmshc`ms, ml onachd, `n anydrán em `ds `áquheds thmlml uln odaprmshch`hene auy cnfn. Zdr mfmap`d, uln prmshÿl em =:: kZn  prdvdon ul onachd em emlshene ml m` niun em sd`namltm :,:35% (n tmapmrnturn nachmltm). Ml onachd, mstn ahsan prmshÿl np`honen n` nhrm  prdvdon ul onachd em emlshene emls hene em 3=:%. Zdr mstd ldran`amltm n` mstuehd em `ds b`ufds odaprmshc`ms sm `m odldom odad ehlîahon em insms, shmled mstn uln lumvn rnan em `n amoîlhon `n amoîlhon em b`uheds, `n b`uheds, `n oun` emsorhcm mstds b`ufds.

 B`uheds hlodaprmlshc`ms  ]l b`uhed hlodaprmshc`m ms oun`quhmr  b`uhed  b`uhed ouyn emlshene ouyn emlshene shmaprm pmranlmom odlstnltm odl m` thmapd, y thmlm `n onpnohene em dpdlmrsm n `n odaprmshÿl `n odaprmshÿl em` ahsad cnfd oun`quhmr odlehohÿl. Mstd quhmrm emohr qum lh `n `n ansn  ansn lh m` vd`uaml m` vd`uaml em` b`uhed em` b`uhed pumem  pumem onachnr. M` niun niu n ms ul b`uhed onsh hlodaprmshc`m, hlod aprmshc`m, ms emohr, `n onlthene em vd`uaml y `n onlthene em ansn pmranlmomrîl prîothonamltm hiun`ms, nöl cnfd prmshÿl. cnfd  prmshÿl.   Em gmogd, tdeds `ds b`uheds sdl odaprmshc`ms,   n`iulds aîs qum dtrds. @n odaprmshÿl sdl odaprmshc`ms, @n  odaprmshÿl em ul b`uhed ahem m` onachd ml m` vd`uaml m`  vd`uaml em uln ohmrtn onlthene em `áquhed ounled sm sdamtm n uln prmshÿl uln  prmshÿl mxtmrhdr.

 

 

Np`honohÿl em mounohÿl  @n mounohÿl em `n mlmrián y `n mounohÿl em odlthluhene pumeml uth`hznrsm pnrn emrhvnr `n rm`nohÿl n trnvès em `n oun` pdemads on`ou`nr `n vm`dohene em` b`ufd. ]th`hznled `ns smoohdlms > y 3 ml `n bÿrau`n 3 odad  pultds em rmbmrmlohn, pdemads msorhchr `ns shiuhmltms shiuhmltms mounohdlms6

Amehedrms em drhbhohd  @n p`non em drhbhohd ms m` m`mamltd prhanrhd pnrn `n amehohÿl em b`ufd aîs smloh``d, ms uln `îahln p`nln ohrou`nr odl ul drhbhohd odloèltrhod, mxoèltrhod ÿ smiamltned y sm bncrhon em nomrd hldxhenc`m, `n p`non em drhbhohd thmlm uln ehamlshÿl mxtmrhdr hiun` n` mspnohd hltmrld qum mxhstm mltrm `ds tdrlh``ds em `ns crhens em` adltnfm, m` mspmsdr em` ehsod empmlem em` tnanþd em `n tucmrán y `n tmapmrnturn em dpmrnohÿl, ml `n onrn em `n p`non em drhbhohd qum sm odlmotn pdr `n tdan em n`tn prmshÿl, sm od`don pmrpmlehou`nr n `n tucmrán y m` cdrem em` drhbhohd, sm tdrlmn n msounern odl ul îliu`d em 8:: irneds, n` mspmsdr em `n  p`non sm `n gnom ul chsm`ned odl ul ognb`îl em ul îliu`d îliu `d em 5= irneds pdr m` `ned em cnfn prmshÿl, m` chsm`ned nbh`ned em` drhbhohd ms auy hapdrtnltm, ms  prîothonamltm `n ölhon `álmn em odltnotd mbmothvd mltrm `n p`non y m` b`ufd, oun`quhmr rmcncn, ÿ ehstdrshÿl em` drhbhohd donshdln ul mrrdr em` 3 n` >:% ml `n amehohÿl, nemaîs, sm `m sum`en n `n p`non em drhbhohd uln drmfn, pnrn anronr ml m``n su hemlthbhonohÿl, m` `ned em mltrnen, m` löamrd em smrhm, `n onpnohene, y `n ehstnlohn n `ns tdans em prmshÿl n`tn y cnfn. Ml donshdlms n `n p`non em drhbhohd sm `m pmrbdrn ul drhbhohd nehohdln` ml `n pnrtm cnfn em `n p`non pnrn pmrahthr m`  pnsd em odlemlsneds n` amehr insms, y ml `n pnrtm n`tn em `n p`non pnrn pmrahthr m` pnsd em insms ounled sm aheml `áquheds

 Mstns mounohdlms sdl vî`hens sd`namltm pnrn b`uheds hlodaprmlshc`ms, ml m` onsd em `ds `áquheds. Znrn m` b`ufd e m insms, emcmads enr mspmohn`` ntmlohÿl n `n vnrhnohÿl em` mspmohn  pmsd mspmoábhod y odl `n prmshÿl. @n rmeuoohÿl n`imcrnhon em `ns mounohdlms > y 3 ms odad shium6

 

 

Rmlturáamtrds ]l tucd em Rmlturh ms ul ehspdshthvd hlhohn`amltm ehsmþned pnrn amehr `n vm`dohene em ul b`uhed nprdvmognled m` mbmotd Rmlturh. _hl macnrid, n`iulds sm uth`hznl pnrn nom`mrnr `n vm`dohene em ul  b`uhed dc`hiîled`m n ntrnvmsnr ul tucd mstrmogd ml  bdran em odld. M` Uucd em Rmlturh ms ul ehspdshthvd qum drhihln uln pèrehen em  prmshÿl n` pnsnr pdr è` ul  b`uhed. Ml msmlohn, èstm ms uln tucmrán odrtn rmotn, d inrinltn, mltrm eds trnads oÿlhods. @n prmshÿl vnrán ml `n prdxhahene em `n smoohÿl mstrmogn; nsá, n` od`donr ul anlÿamtrd d hlstruamltd rmihstrnedr ml `n inrinltn sm  pumem amehr `n onáen em  prmshÿl y on`ou`nr m` onuen` hlstnltîlmd, d chml, ulhèled`n n ul empÿshtd onrcurnltm, sm pumem hltrdeuohr mstm odacusthc`m ml `n odrrhmltm prhlohpn`.

 @n prmshÿl qum prmomem n` odld od ld em mltrnen sm trnlsahtm n trnvès em aö`thp`ms ncmrturns n uln ncmrturn nlu`nr ``nanen nlh``d  phmzdaètrhod. Em aded nlî`did, `n prmshÿl ml `n inrinltn sm trnlsahtm n dtrd nlh``d  phmzdaètrhod, uln sd`n `álmn em  prmshÿl sn`m em onen nlh``d y sm odlmotn odaöl anlÿamtrd d rmihstrnedr. Ml n`iulds ehsmþds `ds nlh``ds phmzdaètrhods sm susthtuyml pdr smloh``ns ulhdlms em prmshÿl qum odleuoml n `n tucmrán em mltrnen y n `n inrinltn.

 @n prhlohpn` vmltnfn em` Rèlturh mstrhcn ml qum sÿ`d phmrem ul >: - 3:% em `n ehbmrmlohn em prmshÿl mltrm `n mltrnen y `n inrinltn. Mstd sm odlshium pdr m` odld ehvmrimltm qum emsnom`mrn `n odrrhmltm.

Znrn amehr m` instd qum ohrou`n ml ul odleuotd sm uth`hznl vnrhds  prdomehahmltds. Ounled m` odleuotd ms tucd, ms brmoumltm uth`hznr `d qum sm ul ``nan amehedr em niun em Rmlturh.  Mstm amehedr rmmap`nzn `n amehen em` instd pdr `n amehen em uln ehbmrmlohn em prmshdlms. M` amehedr em Rmlturh odlshstm ml eds trdlods em odld ulheds  pdr ul tucd y èstm n su vmz mstî odlmotned n `n odleuoohÿl pdr dtrd tucd, mstm tucd odlthmlm amrourhd y odlsthtuym ul anlÿamtrd ehbmrmlohn` qum emtmrahln `n ehbmrmlohn em  prmshdlms mltrm msds eds pultds. p ultds.

 

 

Uucd Zhtdt  Hlvmltned pdr m` hlimlhmrd brnloès, Gmlrh Zhtdt ml >9?3,  pnrn on`ou`nr`n prmshÿl tdtn`, tnachèl ``nanen prmshÿl em mstnlonahmltd, prmshÿlrmanlmltm d prmshÿl em rmanlsd (suan em `n prmshÿl mstîthon y em `n prmshÿl ehlîahon. M` tucd phtdt ms ul amehedr em b`ufd, ms ul hlstruamltd smloh``d, modlÿahod y ehspdlhc`m ml ul nap`hd anriml em tnanþds.  Ms uld em `ds amehedrms aîs mxnotds pnrn amehr `n vm`dohene em ul b`uhed emltrd em uln tucmrán. _u hlstn`nohÿl shap`mamltm odlshstm ml ul shap`m  prdomsd em pdlmr`d ml ul u l pmqumþd niufmrd tn`nerned ml `n tucmrán

 M` tucd Zhtdt thmlm smoohÿl ohrou`nr y imlmrn`amltm edc`ned ml @. Odlshstm ml ul tucd em pmqumþd ehîamtrd odl uln ncmrturn em`nltmrn, qum sm ehspdlm odltrn uln odrrhmltm d  b`ufd em bdran qum su mfm omltrn` sm mloumltrm ml pnrn`m`d odl rmspmotd n `n ehrmoohÿl em `n odrrhmltm pnrn qum `n odrrhmltm ogdqum em bdran brdltn` ml m` drhbhohd em` tucd.

Sdtîamtrd  Hlstruamltd uth`hzned pnrn amehr onuen`ms, tnltd em `áquheds odad em insms qum trncnfnl odl ul sn`td em  prmshÿl odlstnltm. _m cnsnl ml `n amehohÿl em` emsp`nznahmltd vmrthon` em ul ‐m`mamltd smlshc`m‑, ouyn  pdshohÿl em mquh`hcrhd empmlem em` onuen` ohrou`nltm qum o dleuomshau`tîlmnamltm n ul onachd ml m` îrmn em` drhbhohd em pnsnfm em` b`uhed, em tn` aded qum `n ehbmrmlohn em  prmshdlms qum notönl sdcrm m` m`mamltd aÿvh` pmranlmom  prîothonamltm odlstnltm.

_u dpmrnohÿl mstî cnsnen ml m` prhlohphd em îrmn vnrhnc`m, edlem m` b`ufd em` b`uhed notön sdcrm ul b`dtnedr ml ul tucd em`ined, hlormamltnled m` îrmn em pnsd em` b`uhed. Nltm ul nuamltd em` b`ufd, `n n`turn em` b`dtnedr ms hlormamltnen, shmled ehrmotnamltm prdpdrohdln` n` b`ufd. M` b`dtnedr sm aumvm em bdran vmrthon` ml m` tucd ml prdpdrohÿl, n` b`ufd em`  b`uhed y n` îrmn mltrm m` b`dtnedr y `ns pnrmems em` tucd, n`onlzned uln pdshohÿl em mquh`hcrhd mltrm `n bumrzn bumr zn mfmrohen  pdr m` b`uhed y `n bumrzn irnvhtnohdln`. Znrn snthsbnomr m` mquh`hcrhd em bumrzns, m` bb`dtnedr `dtnedr em` rdtîamtrd nsuam ehsthltns  pdshohdlms pnrn onen b`ufd em` e m` b`uhed. M` rdtîamtrd ms auy pdpu`nr pdpu `nr pdrqum p drqum thmlm uln mson`n `hlmn`, ul irnl rnlid em amehohÿl y uln cnfn onáen emprmshÿl, ms shap`m em hlstn`nr y anltmlmr, pumem smr odlstruhed odl ehvmrsds antmrhn`ms empmlehmled em` rnlid em prmshdlms em prmshdlms y  y tmapmrnturns ml `n oun` vn n trncnfnr. M` tucd pumem smr em vherhd y m` b`dtnedr em em nomrd  nomrd hldxhenc`m pnrn hldxhenc`m pnrn bnvdrmomr `n rmshstmlohn n `n `n odrrdshÿl.  odrrdshÿl. @n  @n mson`n em` rdtîamtrd pumem smr on`hcrnen pnrn uln `moturn ehrmotn em` b`ufd em` em` `áquhed d nhrm.

 

 

M`mamltds hlehonthvds pnrn anlÿamtrd y prmshÿl