Flujo de Caja en Un Proyecto de Inversion - Original3

 

Ecuda hi Mgdg ib Zrayimta hi Kbvirskýb \Ismrkog ic suotîtuca hic hamunibta^ 

\Ismrkog gquî ubg hismrkpmkýb orivi hic hamunibta. Barngcnibti, ubg hismrkpmkýb orivi is ub risunib marta hic mabtibkha hic hamunibta. Ismrkog gquî ubg hismrkpmkýb orivi hic hamunibta. Barngcnibti, ubg hismrkpmkýb orivi is ub risunib marta hic mabtibkha hic hamunibta.^ \]icimmkabi cg eimfg^

 

Mabtibkha MabtibkhaQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ?  KbtrahummkýbQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ8 Ecuda hi mgdgQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ9  mgdgQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ9 

MabmiptaQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ MabmiptaQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ9 QQQQQQQQQ9 KnpartgbmkgQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ KnpartgbmkgQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ9 QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ9 AoditkvasQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ AoditkvasQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ9 QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ9 YsugrkasQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ9 NitahasQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ0 

McgskekmgmkabQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ0 ]inkccgs.-QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ ]inkccgs.-QQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ6 QQQQQQQ6 Ngba hi Aorg.-QQQQQQQQQQQQQQ Aorg.-QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ6 QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ6 Kbsunas.-QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ Kbsunas.-QQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ; QQQQ; Gcknibtas.-QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ; Wuînkmas y Eirtkckzgbtis.-QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ; Zripgrgmkýb.-QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ Zripgrgmkýb.-QQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ7: QQQQ7: @gstas hi Masimfgs.-QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ7: Ngbtibknkibtas.-QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ7: Ibir`îg y Manoustkocis.-QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ7: Atras Mastas hi Zrahummkýb.-QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ7: Hiprimkgmkýb y Gnartkzgmkabis.-QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ77 @gstas @ibirgci @ibirgciss y hi Ghnkbkstrgmkýb.-QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ77 Ghnkbkstrg mkýb.-QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ77 @gstas hi Uibtg.-QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ Uibtg.-QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ77 QQQQQQQQQQ77 @gstas Ekbgbmkiras.-QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ77

 

Kbtrahummkýb Ic gbfica hic sir fungba qui ba fg munpckha fgstg fay, is ghicgbtgrsi g cas fimfas qui sumihirçb ib ic eutura, skb inogr`a, ib ic mgnpa hi cas bi`amkas y hi cgs ekbgbzgs, isti hisia ba fg skha ixtrg÷a< tgbta gsî qui cas gbgckstgs ekbgbmkiras fgb mrigha nimgbksnas, tëmbkmgs, ibtri atras, qui puihib gyuhgr g prabastkmgr y istkngr cas mgnokas ekbgbmkiras y imabýnkmas qui sumihirçb ib ubg inprisg. Ic Ecuda hi Mgdg is ub kbearni ekbgbmkira qui nuistrg cas ecudas hi kb`risa y i`risa hi ieimtkva qui fg aotibkha ubg inprisg , par ca qui ic prisibti trgogda tkibi par 

aoditkva hgr g mabamir g cas istuhkgbtis saori cg knpartgbmkg qui tkibi, pgrg cg ivgcugmkýb hi prayimtas hi kbvirskýb ib cg gmtugckhgh. Mana sg Mana sgoin oinas as cg ng ngyar yarîg îg hi ca cass në nëta taha has, s, qu qui i ivgc ivgcôg ôgb b ubg gcti gctirbg rbgtktkvg vg hi kbvirskýb, utkckzgb ic ecuda hi mgdg pgrg fgmir cg istkngmkýb rispimtkvg, ecuda qui, ib hkstkbtgs euibtis hi kbvistk`gmkýb, gpgrimi ogda hkstkbtas banoris y usas. Ic Ugcar   Gmtugc Bita (UGB) y cg Xgsg Kbtirbg hi _itarba (XK_) ib numfas mgsas, si inpcigb kbhkstkbtgnibti pgrg fgccgr ic Ugcar Gmtugc Bita Imabýnkma (UGBI), ic Ugcar Gmtugc Bita Ekbgbmkira (UGBE), cg Xgsg Kbtirbg hi _itarba Imabýnkma (XK_I) y cg Xgsg Kbtirbg hi _itarba Ekbgbmkira (XK_E), par ca qui mriinas bimis bi misgr grka ka pr prim imks ksgr gr gc`u gc`uba bass mab mabmi mipt ptas as pgrg pgrg ca ca`rg `rgrr ub ubg g gh ghimu imugh ghg g ta tang ng hi himkskabis.

 

ECYDA HI MGDG IB IC Z_A[IMXA HI KBUI_]KAB K. Ec Ecud uda a hi hi M Mgd gdgg (Mg (Mgsf sf Ecaw Ecaw))

K.7.

Mabmipta

Ecuda hi Mgdg is ub kbearni qui nuistrg cas ecudas hi kb`risa y i`risa hi ieimtkva qui fg aotibkha ubg inprisg, ib ub hitirnkbgha pirkaha. Gc ecuda hi mgdg si ci mabami tgnokëb mana prisupuista hi mgdg, prisupuista hi tisarirîg, prabastkma hi tisarirîg. Gc`ubas idinpcas hi kb`risas sab cas kb`risas kb`ris as par vibtg, ic maora maora hi hiuhgs, gcqukciris, gcqukciris, ic maora hi prëstgnas, prëstgnas, kbtirisis, itm. Idinpcas hi i`risas a sgckhgs hi hkbira, sab ic pg`a hi egmtu egm turgs rgs,, pg`a pg`a hi knpu knpuis ista tas, s, pg`a pg`a hi suic suicha has, s, pr prës ëstg tgna nas, s, kbti kbtiri risi sis, s, gnartkzgmkabis hi hiuhg, sirvkmkas hi g`ug a cuz, itm. Cg hkeiribmkg ibtri cas kb`risas y cas i`risas si mabami mana sgcha a ecuda bita, par ca tgbta mabstktuy mabstk tuyi i ub knpart knpartgbt gbti i kbhkmg kbhkmghar har hi cg ckqukh ckqukhiz iz hi cg inpris inprisg. g. ]k ic sgcha is pasktkva sk`bkekmg qui cas kb`risas hic pirîaha euirab ngyaris g cas i`risas (a `gstas)< sk is bi`gtkva sk`bkekmg qui cas i`risas euirab ngyaris g cas kb`risas.

K.?.

Knpartgbmkg 





Zirnkti mabamir cg ckqukhiz hi cg inprisg, is himkr, mabamir mab muçbta hi hkbira ib ieimtkva si muibtg, hi naha qui, mab hkmfg kbearngmkýb pahgnas tangr himkskabis. Zirnkti tgnokëb g cg `iribmkg `iribmkg ekbgbmkirg praviir cgs bimiskhghis hi ieimtkva qui bimisktg cg inprisg g marta pcgza. Is knpartgbti pgrg qui aosirvis ic manpartgnkibta hkgrka hic navknkibta hi mgdg, tgbta hi ibtrghgs mana hi sgckhgs ib ub cgpsa hi tkinpa hitirnkbgha. Zirnkti fgmir ub istuhka a gbçcksks pgrg hksi÷a hi pacîtkmgs y istr istrgt gti` i`kg kgss ib ibmg mgnk nkbg bghg hgss g ri rigc gckz kzgr gr ub ubg g utkc utkckz kzgm gmký kýb b hi cas cas rimursas hi cg inprisg hi earng nçs iekmkibti.

 

K.=.

Aoditkvas   



 

Nihkr cg ribtgokckhgh hi prayimta. Nihkr cg ribtgokckhgh hi cas rimursas prapkas kbvirtkhas ib ëc. Cg mgpgmkhgh hi pg`a hi ub ivibtugc prëstgn prëstgna a pgrg ekbgbmkgr ekbgbmkgr cg kbvirskýb.  Mabtra Mabt racg cgrr ic bkvi bkvicc nî nîbk bkna na hi ieim ieimtktkva va qu qui i hi hioi oi pa pasi siir ir cg ar`gbkzgmkýb pgrg hitirnkbgr cas pirkahas ib qui fgy hëekmkt a ixmisa hi ieimtkva Ekdgr cgs pacîtkmgs hi ekbgbmkgnkibta Zrayimtgr cas euturas kb`risas hi ieimtkva, pgrg gsî pahir munpckr  mab cas `gstas apirgtkvas ib qui kbmurri cg ar`gbkzgmkýb qui ba fgb skha muokirtas pgrg cg ibtkhgh maapirgbti

7.8 Icinibtas hi ub ecuda hi mgdg ]ab cas sk`ukibtis mugtra4

g) I`risas kbîmkgcis hi eabhas 4 is tahg cg kbvirskýb kbkmkgc riquirkhg pgrg cg puistg ib ngrmfg hic prayimta ca hi cg qui yg si fgocý gbtirkarnibti. o)  Kb`risas y i`risas hi apirgmkýb4 mabstktuyi mabstktuyib b tahas tahas cas ecudas ecudas hi ibtrghgs ibtrgh gs y sgckhgs sgckhgs rigcis rigcis hi mgdg, mgdg, mana par idinpca idinpca cas qui qui kbvacumrg kbvacumrg ic ic mabmipta hic UGB. m)  Nanibta ib qui amurri istas i`risas i kb`risas 4 ic ecuda hi mgdg si ixprisg ib nanibtas, g÷as a pirkahas, gsî ic nanibta mira, g÷a mira a pirkaha mira, riecidgrg riecidgrg tahas cas i`risas i`risas privkas privkas g cg puistg puistg ib ngrmfg hic prayimta prayi mta y cas nanibta nanibtas, s, g÷as a pirkahas pirkahas 7, ?,=.... ?,=.... Fgstg Fgstg cg vkhg vkhg ôtkc ôtkc hic prayi prayimta. mta. Kbecuy ib cas navkn kibtas sti mabtgocis mabtgo cis ieimtughas ieimt ughas hurgbt i ub ic hisgrracca hisgrr acca Kbecuyib hic prayimta, prayi mta, navknkibta `ibirgcnib `ibirgcnibti si ci atar`g mana man a vkhghurgbti ôtkc hi prayimta, ubg hurgmkýb hi 7: g÷as, ibtabmis mab ic nanibta mira, gba mira a pirka pirkaha ha mira, mira, ic prayimta prayimta si si hisgrracc hisgrraccgrg grg ib 77 nanibta nanibtas, s, g÷as a pirkahas.

h)  Ugcar hi hisimfa a sgcvgnibta hic prayimta 4 Isti riecidg ic vgca vgcarr hic hic pr pray ayim imta ta par par sus sus oibie oibiekm kmka kas s bita bitas s ixpr ixpris isgh ghas as hispuës hispu ës hic ôctkna ôctkna nanibta, nanibta, g÷a a pirkaha pirkaha hi su vkhg ôtkc y  si mgcmucg par ic nëtaha hi nirmgha, mana si nastrgrg ib ub

 

?. Z_A[IMXA HI KBUI_]KAB4 Yb prayimta  prayimta  is ub mabdubta hi gmvkhghis maarhkbghgs i kbtirricgmkabghgs qui kbtibtgb munpckr mab ub eb ispimîema. Zar ca `ibirgc, si istgoci ub pirîaha hi inpa y ub prisupuista pgrg ic munpcknkibta hi hkmfa eb, par ca qui si trgtg hi ub mabmipta nuy sknkcgr g pcgb a pra`rgng. pra`rgng. Ybg kbvirskýb kbvirskýb,, par atrg pgrti, is cg macamgmkýb hi mgpktgc pgrg aotibir ubg `gbgbmkg uturg. Ista qukiri himkr qui, gc kbvirr, si risk`bg ub oibiemka kbnihkgta par uba knpraogoci. Yb prayimta hi kbvirskýb, par ca tgbta, is ubg prapuistg hi gmmkýb qui, gmmkýb qui, g pgrr hi cg uckzgmkýb hi cas rimursa rimursass hks hkspab pabkoc kocis, is, mab mabskh skhirg irg paskoc paskoci i ao aotibi tibirr `gb `gbgbm gbmkgs kgs.. Istas Istas oibiemk oibiemkas, as, qui ba sab si`uras, puihib sir mabsi`ukhas g marta, nihkgba a cgr`a pcgza. Xaha prayimta hi kbvirskýb kbmcuyi cg rimacimmkýb y cg ivgcugmkýb hi cas gmtaris qui kbuyib hi ngbirg hkrimtg ib cg airtg y hingbhg hi ub prahumta. Ista si hibankbg istuhka hi nirmgha y hitirnkbg g quë si`nibta hic nirmgha si nirmgha si ibamgrç ic prayimta y cg mgbhgh hi prahumta qui si ispirg manirmkgckzgr. Ic prayimta hi kbvirskýb, ib hiebkvg, is ub pcgb qui si ci gsk`bg mgpktgc i kbsunas ngtirkgcis, fungbas y tëmbkmas. ]u aodiva is `ibirgr ub ribhknkibta imabýnkma g ub hitirnkbgha pcgza.

IC Z_AMI]A HIC Z_A[IMXA HI KBUI_]KÝB Ba si hioi mabeubhkr ic pramisa pgrg istuhkgr ub prayimta hi kbvirskýb mab su mkmca hi vkhg. Gc rieirkrsi gc pramisa hic prayimta, si fgmi gcuskýb g cgs itgpgs hi ea earn rnuc ucgmk gmkýb, ýb, pri pripg pgrgm rgmký kýb b y ivgc ivgcugm ugmký kýb, b, nk nkibt ibtrgs rgs qu qui i ic mk mkmc mca a hi vk vkhg hg hi ub prayimta si manpabi hi cgs itgpgs hi khig, prikbvirskýb, kbvirskýb y apirgmkýb. Is nçs gs itgpgs hic pramisa si ibmuibtrgb kbnirsgs hibtra hi cg itgpg hi prikbvirkskýb hic prayimta.

Cg earnucgmkýb hi ub prayimta 4 Marrispabhi gc pramisa habhi si mabek`urg a hiekbi ic prayimta. Ib istg itgpg hic pramisa is habhi si pcgbtig mugc is ic praocing a bimiskhgh qui si pkibsg sgtksegmir y si khibtkekmg, gbgckzg y sicimmkabg ibtri cgs hkeiribtis gctirbgtkvgs paskocis pgrg hgr sacumkýb gc praocing, mugc is cg qui aerimi cgs mabhkmkabis nçs gmiptgocis si`ôb cas aoditkvas prapuistas par cas `istaris hic prayimta. Is gsî mana ib istg itgpg si hitirnkbg mugc is ic tgng÷a ýptkna ýpt kna,, cg cam camgck gckzgm zgmkýb kýb qui `ib `ibiri iri ngy ngyaris aris oib oibiek iekmka mkas, s, a sig nçs su`i su`ist stkv kvg, g, cg icim icimmk mkýb ýb ib ibtr tri i hkei hkeiri ribt btis is pr pram amis isas as pr prah ahum umtktkva vass y timbaca`îg, gsî mana su riinpcgza, cg himkskýb ibtri grribhgr, mabstrukr  a manprgr, cg ngtirkg prkng nçs gprapkghg, cg ngba hi aorg bimisgrkg, itm. Cg pripgrgmkýb hic prayimta4 is gquiccg egsi a itgpg, ib cg mugc si hitirnkbgb hitirn kbgb cas hisino hisinoacsas acsas y oibiek oibiekmkas mkas hi cg apmkýb qui eui hiekbk hiekbkhg hg a ma mabe bek` k`urg urghg hg ib cg itgp itgpg g hi ea earn rnuc ucgm gmký kýb. b. Cas Cas hi hisin sinoa oacs csas as hi hicc prayimta marrispabhib g gquiccgs ira`gmkabis bimisgrkgs pgrg mrigr cg inpr pri isg pr pra ayimtghg

a

ic ici i`kr

ibtri

hkeiribt bti is

pra rayyimt mta as

hi

 

nahirbkzgmkýb si mcgskekmgb ib mgpktgckzgocis, kbvibtgrkgocis y gquiccas qui puihib `gstgrsi. Cas hisinoacsas mgpktgckzgocis sab cas qui si mabamib trghkmkabgcn trghkmkabgcnibti ibti mana kbvirskabis y qui pgrg ub prayimta hi kb kbvi virsk rskýb ýb mar marri rispa spabh bhib ib g cg cgss kb kbvi virs rska kabis bis tg tgb`k b`koc ocis is,, kb kbvi virsk rskab abis is kb kbtg tgb` b`ko koci ciss y gc mgpkt mgpktgc gc hi tr trgo gogd gda. a. Ca Cass hi hisin sinoa oacs csas as qu qui i puih puihib ib kbvibtgrkgrsi marrispabhib g cas mabamkhas mana mastas hi prahummkýb a mastas vgrkgocis y fgmib pgrtis hi istas cas mastas hi ngtirkgcis, ngba hi aorg y atras mastas. ]k cg inprisg hitirnkba ib cg earnucgmkýb hic prayimta inpcigr ub sksting hi prahummkýb par catis a par pihkha, istas mastas si mcgskekmgrgb par ic sksting hi mastia par ýrhibis hi trgogda hi prahummkýb (ngtirkgcis hkrimtas, ngba hi aorg hkrimtg y mastas kbhkrimtas hi egorkmgmkýb), sk cg inprisg himkhký inpcigr ub sksting hi prahummkýb ib sirki a mabtkbug, mcgskekmgrg cas mastas si`ôb ic sksting hi mastia par pramisas (ngtirkgcis, ngba hi aorg y `gstas kbhkrimtas hi egorkmgmkýb a mgr`g egorkc). [ cas hisinoacsas qui puihib `gstgrsi `gstgr si marrispabhis g cas mabamkhas mana `gstas hi ghnkbkstrg ghnkbkstrgmkýb mkýb y `gstas hi vibtgs Ib mugbta g cas oibiekmkas hic prayimta, si puihib nibmkabgr cas kb`risas (par cg vibtg hi prahumtas a sirvkmkas, suoprahumtas, y vibtg hi gmtkvas), ic vgcar hi hisimfa y cg rimupirgmkýb hic mgpktgc hi trgogda. ]kb inogr`a gc`ubas gutaris mana Bgsskr ]gpg` ngbkekistgb qui cg rimupirgmkýb hic mgpktgc hi trgogda hioi kbmcukrsi hibtra hic mçcmuca hic vgcar hi hisimfa, inpira su kbtrahummkýb gc rigckzgr hkmfa mçcmuca puihi `ibirgr mabeuskabis sk si utkckzg ic nëtaha imabýnkma pgrg su hiekbkmkýb (ca qui ba amurri mab ic nëtaha mabtgoci y ic manirmkgc). Cg prapuistg is qui cg rimupirgmkýb hic mgpktgc hi trgogda si vkbmuci gc ecuda hi mgdg mana ub îtin ngs, sipgrgha hic vgcar hi hisimfa hi cas gmtkvas tgb`kocis, ca qui ba nahkekmg ic risuctgha ekbgc, yg qui sk si mgcmucg ic vgcar hi hisimfa par ic nëtaha mabtgoci a manirmkgc, k`ugc si kbmcuyi cg rimupirgmkýb hic mgpktgc hi trgogda ib ic ecuda hi mgdg. Cg sgcvihgh qui hioi fgmirsi is qui mugbha si mgcmucg ic vgcar hi hisimfa a vgcar ringbibti hic prayimta par ic nëtaha imabýnkma, ba si hioi tibir ibmuibtg cg rimupirgmkýb hic mgpktgc hi trgogda, yg qui isti nëtaha mabskhirg qui ic prayimta tibhrç ub vgcar hi hisimfa iqukvgcibti gc vgcar gmtugc hi cas ecudas euturas qui sab mgpgmis hi `ibirgr cas gmtkvas hi cg inprisg inprisg,, par ca tgbta sk si rimupirg ic mgpktgc hi trgogda si istgrîg gtibtgbha mabtrg cg sustibtgokckhgh hic prayimta yg qui cg inprisg ba pahrîg `ibirgr ecuda gc`uba g eutura. Ic risuctgha hi cg pripgrgmkýb hic prayimta hioi sir ic ecuda hi mgdg mab cg prayimmkýb

 

ib ic tkinp tkinpa a hi cas hisinoac hisinoacsas sas y oibie oibiekmkas kmkas qui si `ibirgr `ibirgrgb gb mab su knpcinibtgmkýb. oussmg nihkgbt bti i ic usa hi Cg ivgcugmkýb hi ub prayimta4 ou nitahaca`îgs okib hiekbkhgs, hitirnkbgr cg ribtgokckhgh hi cg kbvirskýb ib ic pr pray ayim imta ta.. Ma Mana na ca ng ngbk bkekekis istg tg ]gpg ]gpg` `  cg ivgc ivgcug ugmk mkýb ýb pu puih ihi i ixprisgrsi numfgs ib nabitgrkgs (UZB), mana mana ub ubg g hi ri ricg cgmk mkýb ýb aearngs îbhk îbhkmi mihkstkbtgs4 (r (ric icgm gmký kýb b ubkhghis oi oibi biekekmk mkaa-ma mast sta) a),, mana mana ub parmibtgdi (XK_), a mana ic tkinpa qui hinarg cg rimupirgmkýb hi cg kbvirskýb (Z_K).Kbhkstkbtgnibti hic nëtaha inpcigha pgrg ivgcugr ic prayimta, uba hi cas egmtaris qui nçs kbecuyi ib cg hitirnkbgmkýb hi su risuctgha is cg hitirnkbgmkýb hi cg tgsg hi hismuibta inpcighg pgrg gmtugckzgr cas ecudas hi mgdg. Ic mçcmuca hi cg tgsg hi hismuibta vg sir  hkeirib ribti mugbha si ivg ivgcuë ub prayi yimmta ib ubg inpr pri isg ib eubm eubmka kabg bgnk nkib ibta ta a sk ic mgsa mgsa qui qui si hg is ubg ubg kbvi kbvirs rský kýb b hi tkpa tkpa pgrtkmucgr.

ECYDA HI MGDG HIC Z_A[IMXA Mugbha si icgoarg ic ecuda hi mgdg, si hioi pgrtkr hi cas sk`ukibtis supuistas4

g. Zrisubmkýb hi cas ecudas. Istas puihib istgocim istgocimirsi irsi ib mabhkmk mabhkmkabis abis hi mirtkhunori, mugbha tibinas pcibg mirtizg hi su amurribmkg. Cgs atrgs vgrkgbtis, rispimta g cg mirtizg hi cas ecudas gpgrimib ib mabhkmkabis hi rkis`a, mugbha gsk`bgnas praogokckhghis hi amurribmkg pgrg mghg uba hi cas icin icinib ibta tass qu qui i mabe mabear arng ngb b ic ecud ecuda. a. Mu Mugb gbha ha is kn knpa pask skoc oci i istg istgoi oimi mir  r  praogokckhghis hi amurribmkg, si puihi rimurrkr g tëmbkmgs hi kbvistk`gmkýb apir ap irgt gtkv kvg g ib cg qui qui,, ghin ghinçs çs hi ca cass na nahi hica cass ng ngti tinç nçtktkmas mas,, kbtirv kbtirvki kibi bib b mrktirkas suoditkvas par pgrti hi cas g`ibtis qui pgrtkmkpgb ib cg tang hi himkskabis, ista saori cg ogsi hi ixpirkibmkgs, pçcpktas, itm., mgckekmçbhasi isti ismibgrka mana hi kbmirtkhunori.

o. Mabekgocis.  Ib ic sibtk sibtkha ha ib qui cas prayimtkst prayimtkstgs gs ba ngbkpucgb ngbkpucgb cgs mkergs ib oibiekmka pirsabgc a par quihgr okib gbti gc`ôb pristgnkstg, kbvirskabkstg, itm. m. Nabihg mabstgbti. Ca mugc supabi qui ba si hksi÷grç ub prayimta gsun gsunki kibh bha a ub pr pram amisa isa kb kbececgmk gmkab abgr grka ka.. ]k ]kb b in inogr ogr`a, `a, pgrg pgrg ca cass pcgb pcgbis is hi hisinoa hisi noacsa csa hic ekbgbm ekbgbmkgn kgnkib kibta, ta, mabs mabskhi khirgb rgbha ha qui usu usugcn gcnibt ibti i cgs tgs tgsgs gs nabitgrkgs hic sksting ekbgbmkira tangb ib muibtg cg kbecgmkýb, ëstas tibhrçb qui hiecgmtgrsi. Zgrg icca si tibhrç qui istgocimir ubg fkpýtisks saori cg

 

tgsg hi kbecgmkýb. Atrg gctirbgtkvg sirîg tangr, mana rieiribmkg, cg tgsg qui prayimtg ic Ogbma Mibtrgc hi _isirvg hic Zirô (OM_Z). ]k ic ekbgbmkgnkibta euirg ib nabihg ixtrgbdirg, fgorîg qui mabskhirgr cgs tgsgs hi hivgcugmkýb hi cg nabihg hic prëstgna, mab rispimta g cg nabihg mab cg mugc si istç icgoargbha ic ecuda.

mçcmucas mçcmuc as si istgoc istgocimirçb imirçb hi cg hihummkýb Ibhispuës mabsimuibmkg, cg gpckmgmkýbhic hi knpuista cg tgsg hi gh.cgCas ribtg hi tirmirg mgti`arîg. marti tgnokëb sirç pastirkar gc knpuista, gc tibir ib muibtg ic ismuha eksmgc, prahumta hic ibhiuhgnkibta mab tirmiras. i. ]i istkngrç ub vgcar hi sgcvgnibta,  tgbta pgrg cas gmtkvas ekdas mana pgrg ic mgpktgc hi trgogda, ruoras qui istgocimib cg hkeiribmkg ibtri ub ecuda hi mgdg -mabskhirgha pgrg ieimtas hi ivgcugmkýb hi ubg gctirbgtkvg hi kbvirskýb hic prisupuista- y ic ecuda hi mgdg mabtgoci hi ubg inprisg ib ngrmfg. inpr prisg isg pran pranat atar arg g is ub ubg g e. Ybg ôbk ôbkmg mg gmt gmtkvk kvkhgh hgh inp inpris risgrk grkgc. gc.  ]k cg in inprisg ngrmfg y si ibmuibtrg ivgcugbha ic prayimta, cas istghas ekbgbmkirasib(IIEE) tibhrîgb qui earnucgrsi hi ngbirg mabsackhghg, yg qui pahrîgb gpgrimir tgsgs knpasktkvgs ngr`kbgcis y/a vgrkgmkabis, ista hiokha g cg hiprimkgmkýb hi cas gmtkvas Nëtahas hi ecuda hi mgdg

7.

Nëtaha hkrimta

_iprisibtg cas kb`risas y sgckhgs hi ieimtkva aotibkha hkrimtgnibti ib cgs gmtkvkhghis hi apirgmkabis, kbvirskýb y ekbgbmkgnkibta. Xgnokëb mabsksti oçskmgnibti ib rifgmir ic istgha hi risuctghas utkckzgbha ic sksting hi mgdg, prkbmkpgcnibti pgrg hitirnkbgr ic ecuda hi ieimtkva ib cgs gmtkvkhghis hi apir irgm gmkkýb. Ghinç inçs Mab abssksti ib rim ima aba bammir cas kb`r `ri isas mu mug gbha ieimt ieimtkv kvgn gnib ibti ti sa sab b ri rimk mkok okha has, s, y ca cass `g `gst stas as mu mugb gbha ha ie ieim imtktkvg vgni nibt bti i sab pg`ghas, hisinoacsghas. Is bimisgrka tibir kbearngmkýb saori cas maoras y pg`as rigckzghas ib ic pirîaha Nëtaha Hkrimta > Gmtkvkhghis hi Apirgmkýb + Gmtkvkhghis hi Kbvirskýb +  Gmtkvkhghis hi Ekbgbmkgnkibta.

7.7.

Zgsas

 

g. _ivksgr ru ruo ora par ruor ruora a ic Is Isttgha hi _isuc suctghas, pgrg i isstgocimir  mugcis rib`cabis y ib quë praparmkýb si mabstktuyib ib ibtrghgs a sgckhgs hi ieimtkvas ib ic pirkaha aodita hi gbçcksks. o. Manpgrgr mghg uba hi cas rib`cabis hic ogcgbmi kbkmkgc mab cas marrisp marr ispabhk abhkibt ibtis is hic ogcgbm ogcgbmi i ekb ekbgc, gc, pgrg hit hitirn irnkbg kbgrr hi istg istg ngb ngbirg irg ib muçcis hi cas nksnas si prisibtgb ibtrghgs y sgckhgs hi ieimtkva.

7.?. 7.?.

Icini cinibt btas as hic hic Ec Ecud uda a hi ieim ieimttkva4 kva4

g.

Gmtkvkhghis hi Apirgmkýb

o.

Gmtkvkhghis hi Ekbgbmkgmkýb

m.

Gmtkvkhghis hi Kbvirskýb

7.?.7. 7.? .7. Ecu Ecuda da hi iei ieimtk mtkva va ib cgs g gmtk mtkvkh vkhghi ghiss hi A Apirg pirgmký mkýb b Mabstktuyib cg prkbmkpgc euibti hi kb`risas hi cg ibtkhgh. ]ab kbhkmgharis hi cg nihkhg ib qui si `ibirgb eabhas cîqukh cîqukhas, as, yg qui nuistrg nuistrgb b cg mgpgmk mgpgmkhgh hgh pgrg4

g.

Ngbtibir cg apirgmkýb

o. Fg Fgmi mirr kbvi kbvirs rskkabis abis g ccgr gr`a `a p pccgz gza a skb skb bi bimmis iskh khgh gh hi hi ri rimu murr rrkr kr g euib euibttis ixtirbgs hi ekbgbmkgnkibta. m.

Zg`gr ekbgbmkgnkibtas y hkvkhibhas.

Idinpca4   _imguha hi mckibtis4?::.::: Zg`as cgoargcis4

 

8:.::: Zg`a g praviiharis4 0:.::: Zg`a hi knpuistas4 7:.::: Zg`a Zg `ass ekb ekbgb gbmk mkir iras as44

7:.:: :.::: :

Ieimtkva `ibirgha ib gmtkvkhghis hi apirgmkýb4 0:.:::

7.?.?. 7.? .?. Ecu Ecuda da ie ieimt imtkva kva ib ib cg cgss gmt gmtkvk kvkhgh hghis is hi Kbv Kbvirs irskýb kýb44 _iprisibtg cgs kbvirskabis ib gmtkvas qui, `ibirgb kb`risas y ecudas hi ieimtkva ib nihkgba a cgr`a pcgza. Gquî si kbmcuyi par idinpca4 g.

Maoras y p pg` g`a as pa parr ghq ghqukrkr, kb kbst stg gcgr a vi vibh bhir ir u ub b gmt gmtkva eekkda a ub

kbtgb`koci g cgr`a pcgza. o. Ma Maor oras as y pg pg`a `ass pa parr g ghq hquk ukrk rkrr a vibh vibhir ir ngqu ngqukb kbgr grkg kg a na naok okckckgr grka kas. s.

Idinpca4 Uibtg hi kbvirskabis4

;:.:::

+ Uibtg hi vifîmuca vifîmuca us usgha4 gha4 ?9.::: ?9.::: - Manprg hi ngqukbgrkg4

9:.:::

- Manprg hi naokckgrka4 =:.::: Ieimtkva Ieimt kva `ib `ibirgha irgha ib gmtkv gmtkvkhghis khghis h hi i kbvirs kbvirskýb4 kýb4 ?9.:::

7.?.=. 7.? .=. Ecu Ecuda da hi ie ieimt imtkva kva ib cgs cgs gmt gmtkvk kvkhgh hghis is hi Ek Ekbgb bgbmkgm mkgmkýb kýb44 ]ab cas ecudas histkbghas g munpckr mab cgs bimiskhghis hi cg ibtkhgh, qui si `ibirib mana mabsimuibmkg hi sus gmtkvkhghis hi apirgmkýb i kbvirskýb.  Gquî si nuistrg cg mgpgmkhgh qui tkibi cg ibtkhgh hi ristktukr cas rimursas qui fgb mgbgckzgha ib iccg cas gmriiharis ekbgbmkiras y prapkitgrkas.

 

 Gquî si kbmcuyi par idinpca4 maoras y pg`as par inkskýb hi gmmkabis u aock`gmkabis a pg`a hi gnartkzgmkýb hi hiuhgs hi grribhgnkibta ekbgbmkira.

Idinpca4 Mgpktgckzgmkýb par inkskýb hi gmmkabis4 + Uibtg hi oabas4

0:.::::

8:.:::

- Zg`a hi aock`gmkabis ekbgbmkirgs4

9:.:::

- Zg`a hi pgrtkmkpgmkabis4 7:.::: Ieimtkva `ibirgha ib

gmtkvkhghis hi ekbgbmkgmkýb4

9:.::: Ekbgcnibti, mabsackhgnas cas sgchas4

Ieimtkva `ibirgha ib gmtkvkhghis hi apirgmkýb4 0:.::: Ieimtkva Ieimt kva `ib `ibirgha irgha hi gmtkv gmtkvkhghis khghis h hi i kbvirs kbvirskýb4 kýb4 ?9.::: Ieim Ieimtktkva va `ibi `ibirg rgha ha ib gmtk gmtkvk vkhg hghi hiss h hi i ekb ekbgb gbmk mkgm gmký kýb4 b4 Xattgc ecuda Xa cuda `ibi `ibirg rgha ha pa parr cg inpr inpris isg4 g4

  7.=.

Istrumturg

789. 789.:: ::: :

9: 9:.: .::: ::

 

?.

Nëtaha Kbhkrimta hic ecuda hi mgdg

Mabsksti ib pgrtkr hi cg utkck Mabsksti utkckhgh hgh pgrg cui`a pramihir g hipurgrc hipurgrcg g fgstg cci`g cci`gr  r  gc sgcha hi ieimtkva qui fgy ib cas ckoras hi mabtgokckhgh. Zgrg hitirnkbgr ic ecuda hi ieimtkva ib cgshigmtkvkhghis hi ci ekbgbmkgmkýb, hi cgqui utkckhgh qui prisibtg ic istgha risuctghas, sungnas pgrtknas cgs pgrtkhgs ba fgb sk`bkekmgha sgckhg hi hkbira y ci ristgnas cgs pgrtkhgs qui ba knpckmgrab ibtrghg hi ieimtkva.  Gc risuctgha gbtirkar, ci ristgnas ic gunibta hi cgs muibtgs par maorgr, ci sungnas cg hksnkbumkýb hi cas kbvibtgrkas, cas gunibtas hi cgs muibtgs par  pg`gr, y cas gunibtas hi cgs hinçs pgrtkhgs hic pgskva marrispabhkibtis g cgs gmtkvkhghis hi apirgmkýb mana knpuistas, aock`gmkabis cgoargcis, itm.

Ytkckhgh hic idirmkmka4 7::.::: Zgrtkhgs qui ba tkibib ieimta ib ic ieimtkva. (+) Hiprimkgmkabis4 ?:.::: (+) Gnartkzgmkabis4 7:.::: (-) Kb`risas par rimupirgmkabis4 9.::: Ugrkgmkýb ib pgrtkhgs ricgmkabghgs mab cgs gmtkvkhghis hi apirgmkýb (+) Kbmrinibta aock`gmkabis cgoargcis4 ?.::: (+) Kbmrinibta knpuistas par pg`gr4 7.:::

 

(+) Kbmrinibta muibtgs par pg`gr4 =.::: (+) Hksnkbumkýb hi kbvibtgrkas4 9.::: (-) Kbmrinibta muibtgs par maorgr4 9:.::: Ieimtkva `ibirgha par gmtkvkhghis hi apirgmkýb > 65.::: Nëtaha qui aotkibi ic ecuda hi mgdg g pgrtkr hic Istgha hi _isuctghas y hic Ogcgbmi @ibirgc. NËXAHA KBHK_IMXA > utkckhgh hi idirmkmka + hiprimkgmkýb y gnartkzgmkýb hic idirmkmka

?.7.

Zgsas

g.

]i pg pgrt rti i hi hi cg cg u utktkckckhg hgh hh hic ic idir idirmk mkmk mka ap pgr grg gi icc pir pirîa îaha ha ao aodi dita ta hi gb gbçc çcks ksks ks..

o. ]i istg istgoc ocim imi i ccg g `ib `ibir irgm gmký kýb b kkbt btir irbg bg hi ieim ieimtktkva va,, p pgr grg g cca a mug mugcc ssi i ttan angb gb hicc Is hi Istg tgha ha hi _i _isu suctctgh gha a gq gqui uiccccas as ri rib` b`ca cabi biss qu qui, i, skib skibha ha `g `gst stas as,, ba mabstktuyib sgckhg hi ieimtkvas ib ic pirkaha hi aodita hi gbçcksks. m. ]i ma man npg pgrrg mgh mghg uba uba hi cca as ri rib` b`ccabi biss hi hicc og ogccgbmi kb kbkkmkgc ma mab b ca cass marrisp marr ispabhk abhkibt ibtis is hic ogcgbm ogcgbmi i ekb ekbgc, gc, pgrg hit hitirn irnkbg kbgrr hi istg istg ngb ngbirg irg ib muçcis hi cas nksnas si prisibtgb ibtrghgs a sgckhgs.

?.?.

Istrumturg

 

=.

Gbçcksks hi ecuda hi mgdg

Ic në nëta taha ha hkri hkrimt mta a pr pris isib ibtg tg ubg ubg `r `rgb gb mcgr mcgrkh khgh gh ib cas cas mabm mabmip ipta tass qu qui i `ibirgrab ibtrghgs a sgckhgs hi ieimtkva tgbta cg pgrti apirgtkvg mana ib cas navknkibtas hic ogcgbmi. Ib mugbta gc nëtaha kbhkrimta gub qui cci`g gc nksna sgcha ekbgc hi mgdg ba sunkbkstrg kbearngmkýb vçckhg pgrg ic gbçcksks sk ba qui par ic mabtrgrka puihi hkstarskabgrcg vkskýb qui ub gbgckstg puihi tibir saori cgs ibtrghgs y sgckhgs hi cg inprisg. Ba qukiri himkr qui ic nëtaha hkrimta sig pireimta pira manpgrgha cas has is ic qui nidar si gdustg gdust g hi cas riquirkn riquirknkibtas kibtas hic qukib qukiri gbgckzgr hi virhgh y geabh geabha a ic navknkibtas hi ubg inprisg.

8.

Hk Hkei eiri ribm bmkg kg ibtr ibtri i hi hicc në nëttah aha ah hkr krim imtta y ic kbhk kbhkri rimt mta a

Cg hkeiribmkg prkbmkpgc ibtri ic nëtaha hkrimta i kbhkrimta, rghkmg ib ic prami pra mihk hknk nkib ibta ta gp gpckckmg mgha ha g cg cgss gmtk gmtkvk vkhg hghi hiss hi api apirg rgmk mkýb, ýb, puist puista a qui qui ic pramihk pram ihknki nkibta bta gpc gpckmg kmgha ha g cgs gmt gmtkvk kvkhghi hghiss hi kbv kbvirs irskýb kýb y ekb ekbgbm gbmkgm kgmkýb kýb is ixgmtgnibti k`ugc ib cas has nëtahas. Ic nëtaha hkrimta prisibtg cas ecudas hi ieimtkva hi cg ibtkhgh hi earng hkri hkrimt mtg g (o (oçsk çskmg mgni nibt bti, i, man mana a ub ri risun sunib ib hi ca cass ececud udas as hi ie ieim imtktkva va pa par  r  gmtkvkhghis hi apirgmkýb qui ibtrgrab y sgckirab hi cg muibtg ogbmgrkg hi cg ibtktkhg ib hgh h hu hurg rgbt bti i ic pirk pirkaha aha ma mabt btgo goci ci). ). Ic nëta nëtaha ha kb kbhk hkrim rimta ta hi hiti tirn rnkb kbg g cg

 

ibtrghg hi ieimtkva bitg pramihibti hi cgs gmtkvkhghis hi apirgmkýb hi ea earng rng kb kbhk hkrim rimtg tg,, ri rigc gckz kzgbh gbha a ub gdust gdusti i ib ca cass ris risuct uctgh ghas as pa parr ta tahg hgss cg cgss gmunucgmkabis (a hivib`as), par cas gdustis qui geimtgb gc mgpktgc hi trgogda y par tahas cas ecudas hi ieimtkva qui si prisibtgb euirg hi cgs gmtkvkhghis hi apirgmkýb (is himkr, ib gmtkvkhghis hi kbvirskýb a ekbgbmkgmkýb). Ic nëtaha hkrimta is eçmkc hi manpribhir, hgha qui nuistrg cas prkbmkpgcis ecudas hi ieimtkva pramihibtis hi cgs gmtkvkhghis hi apirgmkýb hi cg ibtkhgh y aerimi kbearngmkýb nçs hitgccghg pgrg prayimtgr hkmfas ecudas. Ic nëtaha kbhkrimta prisibtg ubg mabmkckgmkýb hic risuctgha y ic ecuda hi ieimtkva pramihibti hi cgs gmtkvkhghis hi apirgmkýb.

XKZA] HI ECYDA HI MGDG Ixkstib has tkpas hkstkbtas hi ecudas hi mgdg qui sab pgrg rigckzgr hkeiribtis gbgcksks imabankmas y/a ekbgbmkiras, Ic prknira hi iccas is ic ecuda hi mgdg imabankma.  G trgvis hi isti ecuda si ivgcug cg oabhgh hi cg euibti hi ekbgbmkgnkibta hic prayimta.  Gfarg si mabami qui ic ecuda hi mgdg ekbgbmkira, mabamkha gsk par qui is ic risuctgha hi cg g`ri`gmkab hi cas has ecudas gbtirkaris. Isti ecuda si utkckzg pgrg rigckzgr cg ivgcugvkab ekbgbmkirg hi ub prayimta g trgvis hi cg mugc si puihi nihkr  cg ribtgokckhgh `caogc hic nksna.

 

Cg istrumturg hi cas hkeiribtis tkpas hi ecuda hi mgdg nibmkabghas si puihi vksugckzgr g trgvis hic sk`ukibti `rçekma.

=. Ecuda hi mgdg imabýnkma g trgvis hic mugc si rigckzg cg ivgcugmkab imabankmg hic prayimta. Istg ivgcugmkab ousm ou smg g hi hiti tirn rnkb kbgr gr cg ri ribt btgo gokckckh khgh gh hi hicc pr pray ayim imta ta par par sk nk nksn sna, a, skb skb kbmc kbmcuk ukrr ic ekbgbmkingkbta bita, qui kbmarparg cas ieimtas prahumkhas par ic ekbgbmkgnkiby hi cg kbvirskab Ic ecuda hi mgdg imabýnkma imabýnkma pirnkt pirnkti i fgccgr cg ribtgokc ribtgokckhgh khgh imabýn imabýnkmg kmg hic prayimt prayimta a ib sî, par ca qui is bimisgrka ekctrgr mugcqukir ieimta qui tib`g ic ekbgbmkgnkibta hi cg kbvirskýb saori cg ribtgokckhgh hi isti. Is himkr, si hioi mabskhirgr ic prayimt pray imta a man mana a sk ist istuvk uvkisi isi ekekbgbm bgbmkgh kgha a ibt ibtirg irgnib nibti ti par ic mgp mgpktg ktgcc pra prapka pka hic kbvirskabkstg. Hibtra hi isti tkpa hi ecuda si puihib hkeiribmkgr ic ecuda hi kbvirskýb y ckqukhgmkýb y ic ecuda imabýnkma apirgtkva.

=.7 Ecuda hi kbvirskýb y ckqukhgmkýb

 

Ic ecuda hi kbvirskýb y ckqukhgmkýb rima`i mastas hi kbvirskýb qui sab bimisgrkas pgrg ic eubmkabgnkibta hi cg inprisg y sus rispimtkvas vgcaris hi ckqukhgmkýb. Istas g su viz, puihib hkvkhkrsi ib4  



 Ghqukskmkýb hi gmtkvas @gstas pri-apirgtkvas Mgnoka ib ic mgpktgc hi trgogda

@ibirgcnibti @ibirgcnibt i istas tris tkpas hi mastas hi kbvirskýb si ieimt ieimtôgb ôgb gbtis hic kbkmk kbkmka a hi cgs apirgmkabis hi cg inprisg, ib ic hibankbgha pirkaha mira ( ic kbkmka hic prknir pirkaha). Mgoi risgctgr qui isti ba icknkbg cg paskokckhgh hi rigckzgr gc`ubg kbvirskýb ghkm gh kmka kabg bgcc hi hisp spuës uës hi qui ic pr prayi ayimt mta a fg fgyg yg kb kbkm kmkg kgha ha su gmtk gmtkvk vkhg hgh h apirg apirgtktkvg. vg.  Ghinçs, si puihib prahumkr kbvirskabis ghkmkabgcis pgrg riinpcgzgr a nidargr  gc`ôb gmtkva a gnpckgr cg mgpgmkhgh hic prayimta. Hi istg earng, si puihi icgoargr  ub ecuda habhi si mabskhirib tahgs cgs kbvirskabis ieimtughgs g ca cgr`a hi cg vkhg ôtkc hic prayimta y cas vgcaris qui si rimupirgrçb hi hkmfgs kbvirskabis gc tirnkbgr  ic nksna. 7) Ghqukskmkýb hi gmtkvas4 ]ab gquiccas hisinoacsas qui amurrib hiokha g cg manprg hi cas gmtkvas hic bi`amka, yg sigb tgb`kocis a kbtgb`kocis, y qui mabstktuyib cg ogsi pgrg ic eubmkabgnkibta hic nksna.  Gc`ubas idinpcas manubis sab cg kbvirskýb ib ngqukbgrkg, ihkekmkas, ihkekmkas, tirribas, nuiocis, ngrmgs ri`kstrghgs, ibtri atras. Cg ghqukskmkýb hi gmtkvas tgb`kocis manôbnibti si riekiri< g cg kbvirskýb ib gmtkvas ekdas. Cas gmtkvas ekdas sab cas okibis nuiocis a kbnuiocis qui tkibi ic bi`amka y qui `ibirgcnibti si ibmuibtrgb suditas g ubg vkhg ôtkc. ]ab ghqukrkhas ubg sacg viz gc kbkmka hic bi`amka y/a mghg viz qui si ripab`g ub iqukpa, par ca qui istas ecudas ba earngb pgrti hic eubmkabgnkibta marrkibti hi cg inprisg. Cas gmtkvas tgb`kocis, mana si fg si÷gcgha gbtirkarnibti, hioib iberibtgr  cg hi hipri primk mkgmk gmkýb ýb pr prap apkg kg hi su us usa. a. Yb mgs mgsa a ispi ispimk mkgc gc,, skb in inogr ogr`a, `a, ca mabstktuyib cas tirribas. Ib `ibirgc, nuy pamgs gmtkvkhghis prahumtkvgs puihib `ibirgr cg hiprimkgmkýb hi cas nksnas, par ca qui su vgcar si ngbtkibi g ca cgr`a hic tkinpa. Cas gmtkvas kbtgb`kocis kbtgb`kocis sab atra tkpa hi gmtkva ekda ib cas mugcis cg inprisg puihi kbvirtkr. ]kb inogr`a, gubqui mabtkibib ub vgcar hitirnkbgha, istas gmtkvas bas sab vkskocis. Ib isti ruora si ibmuibtrgb kbmcukhgs cgs pgtibtis y ng ngrm rmgs gs ri ri`k `kst strg rghg hgss hi pr prap apki kihg hgh h hi cg ekrn ekrng, g, cgs cgs kbvi kbvist stk` k`gm gmka kabi biss

 

rigckzghgs, ic hirimfa hi ergbqukmkg, ibtri atras. Mgoi nibmkabgr qui istas gmtk gmtkva vass si ib ibmu muib ibtr trgb gb sudi sudita tass g cg gn gnar artktkzg zgmk mkýb ýb,, iq iquk ukvg vgci cibt bti i g cg hiprimkgmkýb hi cas gmtkvas ekdas.

?) @gs @gstas tas Zri Zri-A -Apir pirgtk gtkvas vas Cas `gstas pri-apirgtkvas marrispabhib g cas `gstas kbmurrkhas gbtis hi kbkmkgr cg gmtkvkhgh apirgtkvg hic prayimta. Isti tkpa hi `gstas sab tgnokëb mabskhirghas mana mastas hi kbvirskýb i kbmcuyib cas sgcgrkas pg`ghas par  ghicgbtgha, cg ripgrgmkýb a ghimugmkýb hi ubg aekmkbg a ngqukbgrkg pgrg ic kbkmka hi cgs apirgmkabis a gc`ôb atra pg`a par ghicgbtgha, tgc mana cas gcqukciris. Gc`ubas hi cas `gstas pri-apirgtkvas puihib tgnokëb sanitirsi g cg hiprimkgmkýb, mana si aosirvgrç nçs ghicgbti ib gc`ubas hi cas mgsas qui si prisibtgrçb.

=) Mgn Mgnoka oka iib b ic mgpkt mgpktgc gc hi ttrgo rgogda gda Ic mgpktgc hi trgogda istç mabstktukha par ub mabdubta hi rimursas qui sab utkckzghas ib cgs gmtkvkhghis prahumtkvgs hi cg inprisg y qui sab hivuictas hurgbti ic mkmca prahumtkva, pgrg ubg mgpgmkhgh y tgng÷a hitirnkbghas. Ib atrgs pgcgorgs, is bimisgrka kbvirtkr ib ubg mgbtkhgh hi mgpktgc hi trgogda mab cg ekbgckhgh hi gsi`urgr ic ekbgbmkgnkibta hi tahas cas rimursas hi apir ap irgm gmký kýb b qu qui i si mab mabsu suni nib b ib ic mkmc mkmca. a. Zar Zar id idin inpc pca, a, ib ub ubg g pcgb pcgbtg tg icgoargharg hi quisas ic mgpktgc hi trgogda hioi `grgbtkzgr cg hkspabkokckhgh hi rimursas suekmkibtis pgrg ghqukrkr cg ngtirkg prkng y muorkr cas mastas hi apirgmkýb hurgbti cas 5: hîgs barngcis qui hurg ic pramisa hi prahummkýb, nçss hi =: hî nç hîgs gs qui qui hi hina narg rgb, b, ib pr pran anih ihka ka,, cg man manirm irmkg kgckckzg zgmk mkýb ýb y cg ri rimu mupir pirgm gmký kýb b hi ca cass ea eabha bhass pg pgrg rg sir ut utkckckz kzgh ghas as bu buiv ivgn gnibt ibti i ib isti isti pramisa.  Gsî ic mgpktgc hi trgogda si ark`kbg ib cg bimiskhgh hi iberibtgr cas hisegsis ibtri cas pramisas hi prahummkýb y vibtgs, is himkr skrvib eubhgnibtgcnibti pgrg ekbgbmkgr cg apirgmkýb hic bi`amka fgstg qui si rimkoib cas kb`risas prapkas `ibirghas par cg inprisg marrispabhkibti g hkmfa pramisa, Aosirvinas qui sk cg inprisg himkhi vibhir gc mrëhkta ( y ba rimkoi mrëhkta hi sus praviiharis), hioirç mabtgr mab ub eabha qui ci pirn pi rnktktg g ng ngbt btibi ibirr cg cgss ap apirg irgmk mkabi abiss (s (si` i`uk ukrr pr prahu ahumk mkib ibha, ha, par idin idinpc pca) a) hurgbti ic tkinpa ib qui sus mckibtisba ci pg`uib< ista is ic mgpktgc hi trgogda. Zar atra cgha, y sk cg inprisg sirç bimisgrka mabsi`ukr hkbira ib ieimtkva pgrg gogstimirsi y mabtkbugr mab cgs apirgmkabis.  Gc`a sknkcgr sumihi mab cas kbvibtgrkas. Ib amgskabis, cgs apirgmkabis hi cg inprisg istçb ixpuistgs g cg istgmkabgckhgh, ca qui fgmi bimisgrka tibir  risirvgs mab ic hkbira hi ba gctirgr ic pramisa prahumtkva. ]kb inogr`a,

 

istg prçmtkmg knpckmg hidgr hkbira „amkasa„( ib cg earng hi prahumtas ib gcngmib). Gbti ista, ic kbvirskabkstg tkibi has apmkabis4 puihi sackmktgr ub ekbgbmk ekb gbmkgnk gnkibt ibta a g mart marta a pcg pcgza za a ub ekbgbm ekbgbmkgn kgnkib kibta ta hi pravii praviihari hariss pgrg pgrg kbmrinibtgr su prahummkýb rimkëb ib ic nanibta ib qui gunibtgb cgs vibtgs, marrkibha gsî ic rkis`a hi ba aotibirca. Ib mgsa mabtrgrka, hioi kbv bvir irttkr ib mg mgpk pkttgc hi trg rgog ogdda pg pgrg rg kbmr kbmrin inib ibtg tgrr cg pr prah ahum umtk tkvk vkhg hgh h gbtkmk gbtk mkpg pghg hgni nibt bti i g ekekb b hi `g `grgb rgbtktkzgr zgr cg ix ixks ksti tibm bmkg kg hi ca cass kb kbvi vibt btgrk grkas as ghkmkabgcis riquirkhas pgrg muorkr ic kbmrinibta ib vibtgs, gubqui ista sk`bkekqui tibir hkbira –amkasa„.

g) Man Manpab pabibt ibtis is hic mgp mgpktg ktgcc hi trgogd trgogda a Hiss ub pu Hi pubt bta a hi vkst vkstg g mabt mabtgo goci ci,, ic mgpk mgpktg tgcc hi tr trgo gogd gda a si hiek hiekbi bi sknpcinibti mana cg hkeiribmkg ibtri ic gmtkva marrkibti y ic pgskva marrkibti hi ubg inprisg. Hi istg ngbirg, ic mgpktgc hi trgogda vibhrîg g sir gquiccg pgrti hic gmtkva marrkibti qui istç ekbgbmkghg par  ic pgskva ba ba marrkibti a par ic pgtrknab pgtrknabka ka hi cg inprisg.  

Ic mgpktgc hi trgogda puihi istgr manpuista par4    

Hkbira y vgcaris bi`amkgocis Muibtgs par maorgr  Muibtgs par pg`gr  Kbvibtgrkas

Ic hkbira rispabhi g cg bimiskhgh hi ngbtibir mkirtg mgbtkhgh hi ieimt ieimtkv kva a hks hkspab pabko koci ci pg pgrg rg ba sg sgmr mrkekekm kmgr gr cg ckckqu qukh khiz iz bi biis isgrk grkg g ib cg apirgmkýb hic bi`amka. Gsî, `ibirgcnibti si riquirkrç hkspabir hi ub nabta qui marrispabhg, par idinpca, g ub sgcha nîbkna hi mgdg. ]i kbmcuyi dubta gc hkbira atras gmtkvas nuy cîqukhas mana sab cas vgcaris bi`amkgocis. Cgs muibtgs par maorgr sab ekbgbmkgnkibta hi marta pcgza qui si atar`g g cas mckibtis hic bi`amka. Istgs muibtgs ark`kbgb ub hisegsi ibtri ic nanibta hi cg ibtrghg hi ieimtkva par cgs vibtgs y ic nanibta ib qui is bimisgrkg cg sgckhg hic nksna pgrg cg manprg hi buiva bu ivass kb kbsu suna nas. s. Is Isti ti hi hise segs gsi i pu puih ihi i ar ark`k k`kbg bgrr pr prao aoci cing ngss ib cg ri`ucgrkhgh hi cg apirgmkýb par ca qui is bimisgrka tibir ub eabha qui pirnk pi rnktg tg at atar` ar`gr gr hk hkmfa mfa ekbgb ekbgbmk mkgn gnki kibt bta. a. Cg Cgss mu muib ibtg tgss pa parr pg`gr pg`gr,, ib mgnoka, hksnkbuyib cg bimiskhgh hi kbvirtkr ib ic mgpktgc hi trgogda, puis mabstktuyib ub ekbgbmkgnkibta hi marta pcgza atar`gha par cas praviih pra viiharis aris hic bi`a bi`amka mka.. Zar ôctkna ôctkna,, cas kbv kbvibt ibtgrk grkas as sab gqui gquiccg ccgss risirvgs hi nirmghirîgs qui si hioib ngbtibir pgrg qui cg inprisg

 

sig mgpgz hi rispabhir gbtis gc`ôb gunibta sôokta hi cg hingbhg. Ista Is tass kb kbvi vibt btgrk grkas as pu puihi ihib b is istg tgrr man manpui puist stas as tgbt tgbta a pa parr pra prahu humt mtas as tirnkbghas mana par prahumtas ib pramisa, i kbmcusa ôbkmgnibti par  kbsunas, hipibhkibha hi cgs mgrgmtirîstkmgs prapkgs hic prayimta.

o) Kbm Kbmcus cuskýb kýb ib ib ic ecud ecuda a hi mg mgdg dg Ib ic ecuda hi mgdg hi ub prayimta si kbmcuyib ôbkmgnibti cas mgnokas ib ic mgpktgc hi trgogda (yg sig ub gunibta a ubg hksnkbumkýb hic nksna). Is himkr, ba si mabskhirg cg ripaskmkýb hic mgpktgc hi trgogda mana ubg muibtg hi ieimtkva. Cg ixpckmgmkýb pgrg ista rghkmg ib qui ic mgpktgc hi trgogda is, par hiekbkmkýb, ub staml hi hkbira qui si ngbtkibi hibtra hic bi`amka, nkibtgs qui ic mgnoka ib ic mgpktgc hi trgogda mabstktuyi ub ecuda hi hkbira ( ubg sgckhg hi hkbira ib ic mgsa hi ub gu guni nibt bta a y ub ubg g ib ibttrg rgh hg ib ic mgsa mgsa mabt mabtrg rgrk rka) a),, qu qui i is ixgmtgnibti ca qui si gbgckzg ib ic ecuda hi mgdg. Hi istg earng, cg muibtg mgnoka ib ic mgpktgc hi trgogda gpgrimirç ib has nanibtas ib ic ecuda hi mgdg4 gc kbkmka hi cgs apirgmkabis y mghg viz qu viz qui i si pr prah ahuz uzmg mg ub gun unib ibtta a hksn hksnkkbumk bumkýb ýb hic hic nksn ksna, usugcnibti gsamkgha g ub mgnoka ib cas bkvicis hi prahummkýb y/a vibtgs,

Idinpca _asngry is ubg davib istuhk istuhkgbti gbti hic mursa hi gmtugckzg gmtugckzgmkýb mkýb K hic baviba mkmca hi cg mg mgrr rrirg irg hi ghnk ghnkbk bkst strg rgmk mkýb ýb.. Yb ou ouib ib hî hîg, g, nk nkib ibtr trgs gs bg bgvi` vi`go gog g ib kb kbti tirb rbit it ousmgbha kbearngmkýb saori primkas hi ekcnghargs, ibmabtrý cg pç`kbg hic rghka smfgml. Gfî, vka qui ubg ouibg apa apartubk rtubkhgh hgh hi bi`amka is tibir ubg prahumtarg prahumtarg hi vkhias. Iccg muibtg mab ixpirkibmkg yg qui istuva trgogdgbha ib cg prahummkýb hi ub mabamkha pra`rgng hi egrçbhucg, ib habhi ba saca ekcngog skba tgnokëb ihktgog ic vkhia. Mana skinpri fg tibkha isi kbstkbta inprisgrkgc, _asngry himkhi kbkmkgr su inprisg. Zgrg mabstktukr su inprisg, _asngry bimisktý ]/.7,::: pgrg fgmir tahas cas tr trçn çnktktis is ci ci`g `gci ciss y ri riqu qukr krký ký hi ]/ ]/.9 .9,: ,::: :: pg pgrg rg manpr manprgrs grsi i ub ubg g ou ouib ibg g mç mçng ngrg rg ekcngharg y gmmisarkas mana trîpahi, nkmrýeaba y tgrditgs hi ninarkg. Eickznibti, su Ngmoaal qui manprý g cg nktgh hi cg mgrrirg gôb ci skrvi pgrg ihktgr vkhia. Zgrg muorkr pgrti pgrti hi istas `gst `gstas, as, sackm sackmktý ktý ub prëstg prëstgna na hi ]/.8, ]/.8,::: ::: par ic qui hioi pg`gr ]/.8:: nibsugcis hurgbti ub g÷a y ca hinçs ca muorký mab sus gfarras. Xris nisis hispuës, _asngry himkhi ivgcugr quë tgc ci vg ib ic bi`amka. Iccg sgoi qui, mana rimkëb inpkizg, sus kb`risas sab ogdas, skb inogr`a, ibtri ekcngr  y ihktgr oahgs, ogutkzas y ekistgs kbegbtkcis hi egnkckgris y gnk`as, fg mabsi`ukha

 

`gbgr ]/.9,9:: par nis. Iccg mgcmucg qui prahumkr hkmfas vkhias ci fg mastgha ]/.?,:::, y si fg gsk`bgha ub suicha hi ]/.7,:::. Gsknksna, mana is nuy rispabsgoci, pg`g pubtugcnibti sus knpuistas qui gsmkibhib g ]/.9: gc nis. _asngry ba sgoi nuy ok okib ib mýna sgmgr sus muibtgs muibtgs gsî qu qui i ci pkhi gyuhg g su ibgnargha ibgnarg ha _kmgrha pgrg qui cg gyuhi. Dub Dubtas, tas, mankibzgb mankibzgb g grngr ub ecuda ecuda hi mgdg pgrg icvir sk icpgrg bi`amka fg skha ribtgoci, pira saori taha, pgrg vir sk ci gcmgbzgrç hkbira hivacvir ic prëstgna gc ogbma. MANA ]I MAB]X_Y[I IC MGDG HI ECYDA EC YDA IMABANKMA

Ic Ecuda hi Mgdg Imabýnkma ba mabskhirg ic ieimta hic ekbgbmkgnkibta, is himkr ba si kbmcuyi ic nabta hic prëstgna, bk cas hismuibtas par prëstgna. Zgrg mgcmucgr ic ecuda hi mgdg imabýnkma fgy qui fgccgr cg hkeiribmkg ibtri ic tatgc hi kb`risas y ic tatgc hi `gstas hi ub pirkaha hitirnkbgha hi tkinpa, par idinpca ub nis. Cas `gstas cas sipgrgnas ib `gstas ghnkbkstrgtkvas (suichas g pgrtkr hic nanibta qui mankibzgb g fgoir kb`risas), `gstas hi mabstktumkýb hi inprisg i kbvirskabis ib cas gmtkvas (saca pgrg ic prknir nis) y masta hi vibtgs. Mabmiptas (G) Kb`risas par vibtgs

Ibi  

Eio ]/.9,9::

Ngr ]/.9,9: :

Gor   ]/.9,9::

(O) I`risas

]/.6,:::

]/.=,:::

]/.=,:: :

]/.=,:::

Masta hi Uibtgs

]/.?,:::

]/.?,:::

]/.?,:: :

]/.?,:::

@gstas ghnkbkstrgtkvas

]/.7,:::

]/.7,:::

]/.7,:: :

]/.7,:::

@gstas hi mabstktumkýb hi inprisg

]/.7,:::

Kbvirskabis ib gmtkvas (ekcngharg)

]/.9,:::

-]/. ]/.?,9: ]/.?,9:: ]/.?,9:: 6,::: : Cui`a, hioinas hi ristgr g hkmfa sgcha, ic pg`a hi knpuistas pgrg aotibir ic ecuda hi mgdg imabýnkma. Ib isti mgsa, istgnas gsunkibha qui ic pg`a hi knpuistas is mabstgbti. (M) ]gcha gbtis hi knpuistas

Mabmiptas

Ibi

Eio

Ngr

Gor

(M) ]gcha gbtis hi knpuistas

-]/. 6,:::

]/.?,9::

]/.?,9: :

]/.?,9::

(H) Zg`a hi knpuistas

]/.9:

]/.9:

]/.9:

]/.9:

-]/.6,:::

]/.?,89:

]/.?,89

]/.?,89:

(I) Ecuda hi mgdg imabýnkma (M)

 

 

 ” (H)

:

Ecuda hi ekbgbmkgnkibta bita Ib ic ecuda hi ekbgbmkgnkibta bita si ri`kstrg cg gctirbgtkvg hi ekbgbmkgnkibta qui tkibi prayimta euirg hi cg ic kbvirskýb ib mgpktgc prapka. Ic mgsa nçs manôb is ic hi casicprëstgnas qui rimkoi prayimta. Ic ecuda hi ekbgbmkgnkibta bita, g`ri`gha gc ecuda hi mgdg imabýnkma, hg mana risuctgha ic ecuda hi mgdg ekbgbmkira, qui is ic qui ekbgcnibti hioi ivgcugrsi pgrg himkhkr sk cg kbvirskýb ib ic prayimta is ribtgoci a ba. Gc nanibta hi ivgcugr ub prayimta, is paskoci qui su ribtgokckhgh imabýnkmg sig ngyar qui cg hi ub si`ubha prayimta, skb inogr`a, is praogoci qui isti si`ubha prayimta, par  gc`ubg rgzýb, puihg gmmihir g ub mrëhkta nçs egvargoci qui ca fg`g nçs ribtgoci hishi ub pubta hi vkstg ekbgbmkira. ]ab isti tkpa tkpa hi kbqukituhis cgs qui rispabhi ic gbçcksks hic ecuda hi mgdg ekbgbmkira.

Ic ecuda ekbgbmkira bita kbmcuyi mugtra ruoras prkbmkpgcis  Ic hisinoacsa hic prkbmkpgc ( qui si mabsk`bg ib ic nanibta ib qui si rimkoký ic mrëhkta)  Cg gnartkzgmkýb hi cg hiuhg  Cas kbtirisis a `gstas ekbgbmkiras gsamkghas  Ic ismuha eksmgc a ismuha trkoutgrka Kbtirisis hic prëstgna4 sab ub `gsta geimta g knpuistas, hioirç hkeiribmkgrsi qui pgrti hi cg muatg qui si pg`g g cg kbstktumkýb qui atar`g ic prëstgna, is kbtirës y qui pgrti is gnartkzgmkýb hi cg hiuhg. Gnartkzgm Gnartk zgmkýb kýb hi cg hiuhg4 hiuhg4  gc ba mabstktukr ub mgnoka ib cg rkquizg hi cg inprisg, ba istç geimtg g knpuista y hioi kbmcukrsi ib ecuda hispuës hi fgoir  mgcmucgha ic knpuista. Zrëstgna4 si kbmarparg gc ecuda pgrg qui par hkeiribmkg si istgocizmg ic nabta qui hiog kbvirtkr ic kbvirskabkstg. Ismuha Ismu ha eksm eksmgc gc44 –ic ismuha eksmgc is cg istrgti`kg pgrg rihumkr cas knpuistas nihkgbti his`rgvgmkabi his`rgvgmkabiss esmgcis„.

 

Knpartgbmkg hi ub Zrayimta hi Kbvirskýb Cg ivgcugmkýb hi ub prayimta hi kbvirskýb, tkibi par aodita mabamir su ribtgokckhgh imabýnkmg ekbgbmkirg y samkgc, hi ngbirg qui risuicvg ubg bimiskhgh fungbg ib earng iekmkibti, si`urg y ribtgoci, gsk`bgbha cas rimursas imabýnkmas mab qui si muibtg, g cg nidar gctirbgtkvg. Ib cg gmtugckhgh ubg kbvirskýb kbtick`ibti riqukiri hi ub prayimta okib istrumturgha y ivgcugha, qui kbhkqui cg pgutg g si`ukrsi mana cg marrimtg gsk`bgmkýb hi rimursas, k`ugcgr ic vgcar ghquksktkva hi cg nabihg prisibti ib cg nabihg euturg y istgr  si`uras hi qui cg kbvirskýb sirç rigcnibti ribtgoci, himkhkr ic arhibgnkibta hi vgrkas prayimtas ib eubmkýb g su ribtgokckhgh y tangr ubg himkskýb hi gmiptgmkýb a rimfgza.

Cg ivgcugmkýb hi prayimtas, si fg trgbsearngha ib ub kbstrunibta prkarktgrka, ibtri cas g`ibti g`i btiss ima imabýn býnkma kmass qui pgr pgrtkm tkmkpg kpgb b ib cg gsk gsk`bg `bgmký mkýb b hi rimurs rimursas, as, pgr pgrg g knp knpcin cinibt ibtgr  gr  kbkm kbkmkg kgtktkvg vgss hi kbvi kbvirs rský kýb< b< istg istg të tëmb mbkm kmg, g, hi hioi oi si sirr ta tang nghg hg ma mana na ub ubg g pask paskokc okckh khgh gh hi praparmkabgr nçs kbearngmkýb g qukib hioi himkhkr, gsî sirç paskoci rimfgzgr ub prayimta ba ribtgoci y gmiptgr uba ribtgoci. Cg rigckzgmkýb hi prayimtas hi kbvirskýb is knpartgbti pgrg ic trgogda nuctkhksmkpckbgrka hi ghnkbkstrgharis, mabtgharis, imabankstgs, kb`ibkiras, pskmýca`as, itm., mab ic aodita hi kbtrahumkr ubg buivg kbkmkgtkvg hi kbvirskýb, y icivgr cgs paskokckhghis hic ëxkta.

Ic pcgb pcgbti tign gnki kibt bta a skst skstin inçt çtkm kma, a, ni nita taha hacý cý`km `kma a y mkib mkibtî tîekekma ma hi pr pray ayim imta tas, s, is hi `r `rgb gb knpartgbmkg ib cas prayimtas hi kbvirskýb, yg qui manpcinibtgb cg vkskýb inpîrkmg y cg gmmk gmmkýb ýb in inpr pris isgr grkg kgc.c. G bkvi bkvicc hi in inpr pris isg, g, cg kn knpa part rtgb gbmk mkg g is tg tgc,c, qu qui i ic ëx ëxktkta a hi cg cgss apirgmkabis barngcis si gpayg prkbmkpgcnibti, ib cgs utkckhghis qui ic prayimta `ibirg.

Cg kbvirskýb qui si tang ib mghg inprisg saori cg ogsi hi cg kbecuibmkg hi cgs himkskabis hi kbvirskýb, puihi nkbknkzgr mastas, tibir primkas nçs gmmiskocis, buivgs euibtis hi trgogda, ibtri atrgs.

Ic gbçcksks manpcita hi ub prayimta riqukiri, par ca nibas, cg rigckzgmkýb hi mugtra istuhk ist uhkas as man manpci pcinib nibtgr tgrkas kas44 hi nir nirmgh mgha, a, tëm tëmbkm bkma, a, ar` ar`gbk gbkzgm zgmkab kabgc gc - ghn ghnkbk kbkstr strgtk gtkva va y ekbgbmkira. Nkibtrgs qui cas tris prkniras praparmkabgb eubhgnibtgcnibti kbearngmkýb imabýnkmg hi mastas y oibiekmkas, ic ôctkna ghinçs hi `ibirgr kbearngmkýb, pirnkti mabstrukr cas ecudas hi mgdg y ivgcugr ic prayimta. OKOCKA@_GEKG]QCKBMLA@_GEKG

 

fttp4//miuskc.uskc.ihu.pi/phe/mgpktuca-;-mgsa-5.phe  (idinpca  (idinpca hi cgs ispkbgmgs)

fttp4//is.smrkoh.man/ham/?8568;=0/Mana-Mabstrukr-Ic-Ecuda-hi-Mgdg-hi-Yb-Zrayimta-hiKbvirskab#smrkoh fttp4//www.naba`rgekgs.man/trgogdas;0/istghas-ekbgbmkiras-prayimtghas/istghasekbgbmkiras-prayimtghas.sftnc   (mabmiptas y idin ib hkgpa) ekbgbmkiras-prayimtghas.sftnc fttp4//www.naba`rgekgs.man/trgogdas8=/prayimtas-hi-kbvirskab/prayimtas-hikbvirskab?.sftnc  GMI_MG HI IU. HI Z_A[IMXA Z_A[IMXA NABA@_. fttp4//www.naba`rgekgs.man/trgogdas8=/prayimtas-hi-kbvirskab/prayimtas-hikbvirskab?.sftnc fttp4//is.smrkoh.man/ham/?8568;=0/Mana-Mabstrukr-Ic-Ecuda-hi-Mgdg-hi-Yb-Zrayimta-hiKbvirskab#smrkoh fttp4//ekbgbzgshuih.oca`spat.man/?:7?/:5/ecuda-hi-mgdg-hi-ub-prayimta-hi.ftnc fttp4//is.smrkoh.man/ham/?8568;=0/Mana-Mabstrukr-Ic-Ecuda-hi-Mgdg-hi-Yb-Zrayimta-hiKbvirskab#smrkoh fttp4//sksoko.ubnsn.ihu.pi/okovkrtugchgtg/tisks/kb`ibki/sk`ugsQss/mgp0.phe  fttp4//gucg.ngss.pi/mursas/ecuda-hi-mgdg-ekbgbmkira/prisibtgmkab/%M?%G7cumis-mgngrggmmkab