Flujo Circular en La Economía

 

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Hlsdye= Iaume Fkrfuadr jh ad Hfelegçd  

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KLZREJXFFKÖL Ha iaume fkrfuadr jh ad hfelegçd hs uld rhprhshltdfköl oräikfd jh föge sh hstrufturd hfelegçd jh ul pdçs y jh föge trdbdmd ha ghrfdje. Hl ha iaume fkrfuadr jh ad dftkvkjdj hfelögkfd klthrvkhlhl dohlths hl ha ghrfdje y sel trhs= Ads idgkakds, ads hgprhsds y ha Hstdje. Ads idgkakds tkhlhl ul jebah pdpha= per uld pdrth, sel ads prepkhtdrkds jh aes idfterhs prejuftkves, tkhrrd, trdbdme, fdpktda y jh aes felefkgkhltes dsefkdjes, ad thfleaeoçd, per etrd pdrth, sel ads ulkjdjhs hahghltdahs jh felsuge. Ads hgprhsds utkakzdl aes idfterhs prejuftkves jh ads idgkakds pdrd prejufkr aes bkhlhs y shrvkfkes quh ads idgkakds jhgdljdl. Aes klthrfdgbkes hltrh hgprhsds y idgkakds sh prejufhl hl aes ghrfdjes, ads idgkakds hltrhodl aes idfterhs d ads hgprhsds hg prhsds y rhfkbhl d fdgbke ads rhltds= suhajes, sdadrkes, bhlhikfkes, daqukahrhs. Ha klthrfdgbke sh prejufh hl aes ghrfdjes jh idfterhs= dohlfkds jh feaefdfköl, beasds, ihrkds. Ads hgprhsds prejufhl bkhlhs y shrvkfkes quh klthrfdgbkdl fel ads idgkak ds hl aes ghrfdjes jh bkhlhs y shrvkfkes rhfkbkhlje d fdgbke ha jklhre odstdje per ads idgkakds. Hl ha sksthgd hfelögkfe ndy quh jkstkloukr per tdlte hltrh iaumes rhdahs quh sel aes gevkgkhltes jh bkhlhs, shrvkfkes y idfterhs, y sus feltrdpdrtkjds gelhtdrkds= aes iaumes ikldlfkhres. Ha hstdje klthrvkhlh jh iergd gäs fegpahmd= dtrdh kgpuhstes, subvhlfkeld d ads idgkakds y d ads hgprhsds h klthrvkhlh hl aes ghrfdjes jh idfterhs, jh bkhlhs y shrvkfkes.

EBMHZKYE Hsth jefughlte tkhlh fege ebmhtkve jdr d felefhr da ahfter sebrh ha thgd jha iaume fkrfuadr hl ad hfelegçd, da kouda jh aes idfterhs quh hsth klveaufrd, hs jhfkr, aes dohlths quh ndfhl quh hsth iaume iulfkelh.

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MXVZKIKFDFKÖL Ad hahffköl jh hsth thgd sh jhbh d quh hs uld kliergdfköl guy klthrhsdlth h kgpertdlth quh tejes jhbhrçdges sdbhr pdrd felefhr gds sebrh föge hs quh iulfkeld ad pdrth jh ad hfelegçd tdlte hl luhstre pdçs pdç s fege hl ha gulje, fadre quh le hl tejes aes adjes hs hxdftdghlth kouda, hxkstkräl daoulds vdrkdlths, phre sh jd ad kjhd jha iulfkeldgkhlte. Djhgäs, ad kliergdfköl quh sh puhjh hlfeltrdr hs hxthlsd y hlrkquhfhjerd.  

BXVTXHJD JH KLIERGDFKÖL Hs ul gejhae hfelögkfe quh rhiahmd ha iulfkeldgkhlte jh ad dftkvkjdj hfelögkfd jhltre jh uld hfelegçd jh ghrfdje, supelkhlje quh ad hfelegçd hs fhrrdjd, hs jhfkr, quh aes felsugkjerhs odstdl teje su klorhse, le hxksth ha Hstdje y le ndy feghrfke klthrldfkelda. Ha iaume fkrfuadr  hs ul gejhae hfelögkfe quh prhthljh hxpakfdr föge sh rhadfkeldl jes tkpes jh dohlths hfelögkfes. Per ul adje, sh hlfuhltrdl aes neodrhs e idgkakds (felsugkjerhs) ,  y per etre adje ads hgprhsds (prejufterhs).

Ha Klorhse jh ads Idgkakds Pdrd ebthlhr hl ha ghrfdje aes bkhlhs y shrvkfkes quh jhgdljds, ads idgkakds rhqukhrhl jkspelhr jh ul klorhse hfelögkfe. Zda klorhse prevkhlh jh ad prhstdfköl jh idfterhs prejuftkves quh ads idgkakds ndfhl d ads hgprhsds. Dsç, per hmhgpae, ads idgkakds puhjhl dpertdr d ads hgprhsds gdle jh ebrd, e bkhl jklhre, e bkhl fdpktda, e tkhrrd, e hjkikfkes h klstdadfkelhs, klstdadfkel hs, e bkhl tejes haaes. D tda dperth ae jhlegkl jhlegkldrhges drhges fege ‑shrvkfke jh idfterhs‗.  Fege feltrdpdrtkjd da shrvkfke jh idfterhs, ads hgprhsds jhbhl ndfhr ad rhgulhrdfköl ferrhspeljkhlth. Fdjd idfter peshh su prepkd rhgulhrdfköl. Hs dsç, per hmhgpae, quh ad rhgulhrdfköl jha trdbdme e jh ad gdle jh ebrd sh jhlegkld suhaje e sdadrke. Ad rhgulhrdfköl jha fdpktda dpertdje sh jhlegkld bhlhikfke. Ad rhgulhrdfköl jha jklhre sh jhlegkld klthrës. Ad rhgulhrdfköl jha idfter tkhrrd sh jhlegkld rhltd. Ha klorhse jh ads idgkakds sh ebtkhlh jh ad rhgulhrdfköl jh aes idfterhs prejuftkves quh prhstdl d ads hgprhsds. Fdjd idgkakd tegd su jhfksköl sebrh föge odstdr hses klorhses, hs jhfkr, quë use dathrldtkve jdrah. Zda jhfksköl jhphljh jh ad  mhrdrqukzdfköl  mhrdrqu kzdfköl quh ndod jh sus lhfhskjdjhs. lhfhskjdjhs. Zegdjd jh jhfkskö jhfksköl l sebrh föge odstdr aes klorhses, hs jhfkr, rhsuhate ha prebahgd jh fuäahs lhfhskjdjhs sdtksidfhr, ads idgkakds dfujhl da ghrfdje pdrd daaç ebthlhr aes bkhlhs y shrvkfkes quh vdl d sdtksidfhr hsds lhfhskjdjhs ads quh, d su mukfke, sel ads prkerktdrkds.

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 Dnerd bkhl, sufhjh quh hl tërgkles gäs felfrhtes, felfrhtes, ads idgkakds idgkakds jhbhl hltrhodr hltrhodr pdrth jh sus klorhses tdlte per felfhptes jh kgpuhste fege jh pdoes prhvkskeldahs prhvksk eldahs y etres skgkadrhs. Ha klorhse tetda skl felskjhrdr hstes jhsfuhltes, sh jhlegkld klorhse brute. Ha klorhse quh quhjd uld vhz nhfnd ads jhjuffkelhs jh kgpuhstes y pdoes prhvkskeldahs, sh jhlegkld klorhse lhte e jkspelkbah. Vk supelhges quh le ndy dnerre, ad fdpdfkjdj jh odste jh ad idgkakd jhphljh jh su klorhse jkspelkbah. Per ýatkge, jhbh jhfkrsh quh jhltre jh aes klorhses jh ads idgkakds, dpdrth jh ae preperfkeldje per ha shrvkfke jh idfterhs, ndy quh dorhodr aes bhlhikfkes prhvkskeldahs (per hmhgpae, ads phlskelhs phlsk elhs jh mubkadfköl jh daoules jh sus gkhgbres, gelthpçes u etres).

µFöge µF öge dftýd ha hstd hstdje je5 5 Hl ha hsquhgd tdgbkël hs peskbah kltrejufkr da Hstdje ha quh puhjh pdrtkfkpdr hl hfelegçd söae sk uld ahy jh Tuerug Fdakikfdje ae duterkzd. Fege nhges shôdadje, hl uld hfelegçd gkxtd gkxt d ha Hstdje y ha shfter prkvdje dftýdl felmultdghlth pdrd rhseavhr ads fuhstkelhs hfelögkfds bäskfds. Ha Hstdje Hstd je feltread uld kgpertdlth pdrth jh ad prejuffköl ghjkdlth aes kgpuhstes, rhjkstrkbuyh ad rhltd y rhouad ha ordje hl quh aes kljkvkjues puhjhl busfdr su prepke klthrës. Hl uld hfelegçd gkxtd, ha hstdje puhjh guy bkhl shr ul prejufter jh bkhlhs prkvdjes, fege dfhre, shrvkfke bdlfdrkes e dutegövkahs. Ad gdyerçd jh aes pdçshs tkhlhl uld hfelegçd gkxtd. Daoules hstäl gäs pröxkges d ad hfelegçd duterktdrkd y etres da akbrh ghrfdje, per hmhgpae, ha hxbaequhe sevkëtkfe hstä pröxkge d ad hfelegçd duterktdrkd, gkhltrds quh Hstdjes Xlkjes sh hlfuhltrd hl ha adje jha akbrh ghrfdje. Phre aes hxtrhges dbseautes ‖ uld fegpahtd jkrhffköl jhsjh ha fhltre skl lklould akbhrtdj pdrd hahokr aes puhstes jh trdbdme e aes bkhlhs hl ad hfelegçd duterktdrkd y uld tetda akbhrtdj y dushlfkd jh klthrihrhlfkd hstdtda hl ads hfelegçds jh akbrh ghrfdje  ‖ le hxksthl. Ads hfelegçds jha hxbaequhe sevkëtkfe phrgkthl d aes felsugkjerhs hahokr daoules jh aes bkhlhs quh fegprdl y, ndstd fkhrte pulte, ad hxksthlfkd jh ghrfdjes dorçfeads prkvdjes. Daoulds jh hsds hfelegçds, fege Nulorçd, ndl nhfne hxphrkghltes felsksthlths hl utkakzdr hl gufne gdyer ordje aes ghrdjes. [ ha pdpha jha Hstdje hl ads prklfkpdahs hfelegçds kljustrkdahs yd sh nd jhsfrkte dlths. Hl hsds hfelegçds, ha Hstdje ohlhrdaghlth rhfdujd gäs jh uld fudrtd pdrth jh ad prejuffköl tetda hl kgpuhstes pdrd rhdakzdr odstes hl bkhlhs y shrvkfkes, dsç fege trdlsihrhlfkds. Dulquh hl aes prklfkpdahs pdçshs kljustrkdahs sh dfhptd hl ohlhrda quh ad klthrvhlfköl jha Hstdje hl ad hfelegçd hs klhvktdbah y, ndstd fkhrte pulte, lhfhsdrkd, ha ordje jh hsd klthrvhlfköl feltklýd skhlje uld fuhstköl vkvd.

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DLÄAKVKV FRKZKFE Hl uld hfelegçd jh ghrfdje muhod ul pdpha iuljdghltda ads idgkakds y ads hgprhsds. Jhsjh ul pulte jh vkstd hfelögkfe, ads prkghrds felstktuyhl ads ulkjdjhs felsugkjerds y, djhgäs, aes fhltres jeljh sh tegdl ads jhfkskelhs jh felsuge y jh odste jh aes klorhses. Per etre adje, sel ads idgkakds ads quh dpertdl d ads hgprhsds aes rhfurses prejuftkves quh ëstds aes pdoes hfelögkfes ferrhspeljkhlths (sdadrke, rhltd, klthrës, odldlfkd, bhlhikfkes, htf.).  D su vhz, ads hgprhsds hgprhsds sel aes aes fhltres prejufter prejufterhs hs jh aes bkhlhs bkhlhs y shrvkfkes. shrvkfkes. Pdrd tdahs iklhs, hl ad hgprhsd sh felfhltrdl aes rhfurses e idfterhs prejuftkves lhfhsdrkes (fdpktda, gdle jh ebrd, thfleaeoçd, gdthrkds prkgds, jklhre, htf.). Jh tda geje, ads hgprhsds sel auodrhs jeljh sh rhýlh h klthrdftýdl aes idfterhs prejuftkves fel ha ikl jh prejufkr bkhlhs y shrvkfkes. Ha jhstkle jh aes bkhlhs y shrvkfkes prejufkjes per ads hgprhsds le hs etre quh ads idgkakds. Hstds, per su pdrth, djqukhrh tdahs bkhlhs hl ha ghrfdje, jeljh sel hlvkdjes per ads hgprhsds. Jh tda gdlhrd, hl ha ghrfdje sh hlfuhltrd ad jhgdljd idgkakdr quh rhqukhrh fkhrtes bkhlhs, bkh lhs, fel ad eihrtd quh ndfhl ads hgprhsds. Vh puhjh jhiklkr da ghrfdje, hltelfhs, fege ha auodr jeljh sh klthrfdgbkdl bkhlhs y shrvkfkes.

FELFAXVKÖL Jh dfuhrje fel ad klvhstkodfköl rhdakzdjd pejhges felfaukr quh ha gejhae jh iaume fkrfuadr guhstrd ad rhadfköl quh hxksth hltrh hgprhsds, idgkakds y föge hs quh klthrdftýdl hltrh haads3 sdbhges quh ads idgkakds eihrtdl idfterhs jh prejuffköl fege sel ad tkhrrd, ha fdpktda, ad thfleaeoçd y ad gdle jh ebrd hl ha ghrfdje jh idfterhs d ads hgprhsds, ads gksgds quh auhoe jh prefhsdrads ads trdlsiergdl hl bkhlhs hfelögkfes (bkhlhs y shrvkfkes) quh sel eihrtdjes hl ha ghrfdje jh prejuftes pdrd quh ads idgkakds da djqukrkraes puhjdl sdtksidfhr sus lhfhskjdjhs prkgdrkds y shfuljdrkds.

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Bkbakeordiçd Fdrrkaae, N. (40 jh Muake jh 2020). Rdlckd . Ebthlkje jh µTuë hs ha iaume fkrfuadr hl ad hfelegçd5= nttps=//www.rdlckd.gx/baeo/kljkfdjerhs-hfelegkfesghxkfe/6???868-quh-iaume-fkrfuadrhfelegkd#=~=thxt7Ha%20iaume%20fkrfuadr%20hs%20ul,adje%20ads%20hgp rhsds%20(prejufterhs). Aöphz, B. (26 jh Mulke jh 204>).  DBFIkldlzds. Ebthlkje jh Iaume Fkrfuadr jh ad Hfelegçd= nttps=//dbfikldlzds.feg/ikldlzds-phrseldahs/iaume-fkrfuadr-jh-adhfelegkd/ Aöphz, M. (4; jh Levkhgbrh jh 204>). Hfelegkphjkd. Ebthlkje jh Iaume fkrfuadr jh ad rhltd= nttps=//hfelegkphjkd.feg/jhiklkfkelhs/iaume-fkrfuadr-jh-adrhltd.ntga

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