Fluidos en Reposo y Movimiento

 

 IPR R\@ FI LB\@GR ^G M A@ GBLP @GIR AAF @FPRG ^GAALB\XG_ ?875

NA\CBFP LI _LXFPF

\i naucbf ls naucbf ls ui `fijuitf bl mfaã`uags bcstrcoucbgs ga gzgr qul sl mgitclili uicbgs pfr nulrzgs `fdlscvgs bãocals y pfr nulrzgs ljlr`cbgs pfr ags pgrlbls bl ui rl`cpclitl. Rgitf afs aíqucbfs `fmf afs egsls sfi naucbfs. Ag rgmg bl ag nísc`g qul lstubcg afs naucbfs, rl`col la ifmorl bl ml`çic`g bl afs naucbfs ag `uga g su vlz, tclil vgrcgs `agscnc`g`cfils, uig bl laags: * Dcbrfstçtc`g:  Frclitg su gtli`cði g afs naucbfs li lqucacorcf, f slg naucbfs li rlpfsf. Dcbrfstçtc`g: Frclitg Afs nau naucbf cbfss li rlp rlpfsf fsf   sfi sfi sust sustgi gi`c `cgs gs li ags ags qul qul if lx lxcs cstl tlii nu nulr lrzg zgss qul qul gatl gatlrl rlii su mfvcmclitf f pfsc`cði. @grg`tlrístc`g: Ag nulrzg ljlr`cbg sforl `ugaquclr pgrtí`uag bla naucbf ls ag mcsmg li tfbgs ags bcrl``cfils. Pc ags nulrzgs nulrgs blsceugals, ag pgrtí`uag sl blspagzgríg li ag bcrl``cði bl ag nulrzg rlsuatgitl. X_FXCLBGBLP BL AFP NA\CBFP LI _LXFPF Ag Bliscbgb Lstg sl blncil `fmf la `f`clitl bl litrl ag mgsg y vfaumli bl uig sustgi`cg. Ls bl`cr: p=m/v  Ag uicbgb bl mlbcbg ls la kcafergmf pfr mltrf `uoc`f (7ke/) guiqul elilrgamlitl sl lxprlsg li la scstlmg @EP li ergmfs pfr `litímltrf `uoc`f (7 e/) Bliscbgb rlagtcvg: yAg=Xrlscði me/v = (m/v)e = pe Ag prlscði (X) ls ag rlag`cði litrl ag nulrzg plrplibc`uagr (N) ljlr`cbg sforl ag suplrnc`cl y la çrlg (G) bl ag mcsmg X=N/G  Nulrzg = Ilwtfi (I) Çrlg = Mltrfs `ugbrgbfs () Xrlscði = Ilwtfi pfr mltrf ga `ugbrgbf (I/ )

Cie. Mgf & @F.

 

 IPR R\@ FI LB\@GR ^G M A@ GBLP @GIR AAF @FPRG ^GAALB\XG_ ?875

(I/ ) = Xgs`ga (Xg) Ag prlscði li afs aíqucbfs Ag prlscði li ui puitf bla citlrcfr bl ui aíqucbf li rlpfsf ls prfpfr`cfiga g ag prfnuibcbgb d Pc sl `fiscblrgi bfs aíqucbfs bcnlrlitls, g ag mcsmg prfnuibcbgb, ag prlscði ls mgyfr `ugibf la acqucbf ls mçs blisf Ag prlscði if blplibl bla çrlg bla rl`cpclitl y, li `fisl`uli`cg, if blplibl bla vfaumli bla aíqucbf `fitlicbf 

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L`ug`cði nuibgmlitga bl ag dcbrfstçtc`g: X7-X? = p.e(d7-d?) Lstg ceugabgb mulstrg qul: 

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Ag bcnlrli`cg bl prlscði litrl bfs puitfs bl ui naucbf li rlpfsf blplibl bl ag bcnlrli`cg bl gaturgs y Gblmçs , sc afs puitfs lstçi li ag mcsmg prfnuibcbgb li la citlrcfr bla aíqucbf, sfpfrtgi ag mcsmg prlscði ciblplibclitlmlitl bl ag nfrmg n frmg bla rl`cpclitl

Xrci`cpcf bl Xgs`ga Pc gpac`gmfs uig prlscði lxtrg g `ugaquclr puitf bl ui naucbf li rlpfsf, lstg prlscði sl trgismctcrç lxg`tgmlitl ceuga g tfbfs afs puitfs bla naucbf. Ljlmpaf: sc prlscfigmfs `fi ags mgif mg ifss ag sup suplr lrnc nc`c `cll bl ui ea eafo foff aa aali liff bl gc gcrl rl,, `u `uga gaqu qucl clrr sl sl`tf `tfrr bl blit itrf rf bl blaa na nauc ucbf bf lxplrcmlitgrg la mcsmf gumlitf bl prlscði. Xrci`cpcf bl Grquímlbls Rfbf `ulrpf sumlrecbf li ui naucbf lxplrcmlitg ui lmpujl vlrtc`ga, dg`cg grrcog, qul mcbl ceuga ga plsf bla vfaumli bla aíqucbf blspagzgbf. Xgrg bltlrmcigr uig lxprlscði pgrg ag nulrzg bl lmpujl, supfiegmfs qul ui sðacbf sl li`ulitrg sumlrecbf blitrf bl ui aíqucbf `uyg bliscbgb ls , `fmf af mulstrg ag sceuclitl nceurg. Ag `grg suplrcfr bla `cacibrf, qul sl li`ulitrg g uig prfnuibcbgb , lxplrcmlitg uig nulrzg ljlr`cbg sforl ag suplrnc`cl G. Lstf sl lxprlsg `fmf: X7 = p7 . e . d7 @fmf = /G litfi`ls N7 = X7 . G Cie. Mgf & @F.

 

 IPR R\@ FI LB\@GR ^G M A@ GBLP @GIR AAF @FPRG ^GAALB\XG_ ?875

N7 = p7 . e . d7 . G Ag prlscði li afs egsls 7. Ag prlscði gtmfsnãrc`g gtmfsnãrc`g:: Ag tclrrg lstç rfblgbg pfr uig `gpg bl gcrl, bl tga mgilrg qul ifsftrfs y tfbf `ugitf ifs rfblg ifs pfblmfs `fiscblrgr `fmf `ulrpfs sumlrecbfs li ui naucbf y li `fisl`uli`cg, gtmfsnãrc`g.. lxplrcmlitgmfs uig prlscði qul sl `fif`l `fi la ifmorl bl prlscði bl  prlscði gtmfsnãrc`g Ag mlbcbg bl ag prlscði gtmfsnãrc`g , lqucvgal g ag prlscði dcbrfstçtc`g prfbu`cbg pfr uig `faumig bl 5>8 mm bl mlr`urcf. Xfr tgitf: X gtm= p. e. d Ls bl`cr, Xgtm = 70.>88 . 3,4807 m Ke/ m0. 8,5>m Xgtm = 787.0?< Xg ?. Rliscði suplrnc`cga: Li la citlrcfr bl ui aíqucbf, `gbg mfaã`uag ls gtrgíbg li tfbgs bcrl``cfils, pfr ags blmçs `fi uig nulrzg bl `fdlscði bl frceli lal`trfmgeiãtc`f, `uyg rlsuatgitl ls iuag. Pci lmogref, ags mfaã`uags qul sl li`ulitrgi li ag suplrnc`cl bl `fitg`tf litrl la gcrl y la aíqucbf sfaf sfi gtrgíbgs pfr ags mfaã`uags vl`cigs bl afs agbfs y bl gogjf, puls if lxcstl nulrzg bl gtrg``cði li`cmg bl laags. Bl lstg nfrmg sl prfbu prfbu`l `l ui lstgb lstgbff bl plrmgi plrmgilitl litl tliscði li ag suplrn suplrnc`cl c`cl bla aíqucbf qul dg`l qul sl `fmpfrtl `fmf uig plaí`uag laçstc`g.

BLIPCBG BLP BL GAE\IGP P\PRGI@CGP

Cie. Mgf & @F.

RLMG:

 

 IPR R\@ FI LB\@GR ^G M A@ GBLP @GIR AAF @FPRG ^GAALB\XG_ ?875

NA\CBFP Ag dcbrfbciçmc`g ls ag pgrtl bl ag dcbrçuac`g qul sl li`greg bl lstubcgr la `fmpfrtgmclitf bl afs aíqucbfs li mfvcmclitf. Pleúi lstg blncic`cði pfblmfs `agscnc`gr `fmf naucbfs  g afs naucbfs g aíqucbfs y aíqucbfs  y egsls. egsls. Xgrg  Xgrg laaf sl `fiscblrg litrl ftrgs `fsgs ag vlaf`cbgb, ag prlscði, la naujf y la egstf bl aíqucbf. Li la lstubcf bl ag dcbrfbciçmc`g, la tlfrlmg bl Olrifuaac, qul trgtg bl ag aly bl ag `fislrvg`cði bl ag lilreíg ls bl prcmfrbcga cmpfrtgi`cg, puls sl÷gag qul ag sumg bl ags lilreígs `ciãtc`g, pftli`cga, y bl prlscði bl ui aíqucbf li mfvcmclitf li ui puitf bltlrmcigbf ls ceuga g ag bl ftrf puitf `ugaquclrg. Ag ml`çic`g bl naucbfs civlstceg ags prfpclbgbls bl ui naucbf cblga sci nrc``cði y tgmocãi lstubcg ags `grg`tlrístc`gs bl ui naucbf vcs`fsf li la `uga sl prlslitg nrc``cði. \i naucbf ls `fmprliscoal `fmprl iscoal `ugibf su bliscbgb vgríg bl g`ulrb g`ulrbff `fi ag prlscði qul rl`col rl`col;; tga ls la `gsf bla gcrl y frtfs egsls lstubcgbfs pfr ag glrfbciçmc`g. Ag dcbrfbciçmc`g dcbrfbciçmc`g lstubcg  lstubcg ag bciçmc`g bl naucbfs ci`fmprlscoals. Xfr lxtliscði, bciçmc`g bl naucbfs. Xgrg laaf sl `fiscblrgi litrl ftrgs `fsgs ag vlaf`cbgb, prlscði, naujf y egstf bla naucbf. Xgrg la lstubcf bl ag dcbrfbciçmc`g ifrmgamlitl sl `fiscblrgi trls gprfxcmg`cfils cmpfrtgitls: Wul la naucbf ls ui aíqucbf ci`fmprlscoal, ls bl`cr, qul su bliscbgb if vgríg `fi la `gmocf bl prlscði, g bcnlrli`cg bl af qul f`urrl `fi afs egsls. Pl `fiscblrg blsprl`cgoal ag pãrbcbg bl lilreíg pfr ag vcs`fscbgb, yg qul sl supfil qul ui aíqucbf ls ðptcmf pgrg naucr y lstg l stg pãrbcbg ls mu`df mlifr `fmpgrçibfag `fi ag cilr`cg bl su mfvcmclitf. Pl supfil qul la naujf bl afs aíqucbfs ls li rãecmli lstgoal f lstg`cfigrcf, ls bl`cr, qul ag vlaf`cbgb bla aíqucbf li ui puitf ls ciblplibclitl bla tclmpf. 

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Ag dcb dcbrfb rfbciç ciçmc`g mc`g tcl tclil il iuml iumlrfs rfsgs gs gpa gpac`g c`g`cf `cfils ils cib cibust ustrcg rcgals als,, `fm `fmff bcs bcsl÷f l÷f bl `gi `gigal gals, s, `fistru``cði bl pulrtfs y prlsgs, ngorc`g`cði bl ogr`fs, turocigs, lt`.  ls uig bl ags mgeictubls prci`cpgals li la lstubcf bl ag dcbrfbciçmc`g. Pl La egstf La  egstf  f `gubga `gubga ls blncil `fmf la vfaumli bl aíqucbf Β^  qul  qul nauyl pfr uicbgb bl tclmpf Βt. Pus uicbgbls li la Pcstlmg Citlrig`cfiga sfi afs m0/s y su lxprlscði mgtlmçtc`g: Lstg nðrmuag ifs plrmctl sgolr ag `gitcbgb bl aíqucbf qul pgsg pfr ui `fibu`tf li `clrtf citlrvgaf bl tclmpf f bltlrmcigr la tclmpf qul tgrbgrç li pgsgr `clrtg `gitcbgb bl aíqucbf.

Cie. Mgf & @F.

 

 IPR R\@ FI LB\@GR ^G M A@ GBLP @GIR AAF @FPRG ^GAALB\XG_ ?875

uigg `f `fisl isl`u `uli li`cg `cg bl ag `f `fis islr lrvg vg`cð `cðii bl ag li lilr lreí eígg li af afss La prci`cpcf La  prci`cpcf  bl bl  Olrifuaac Olrifuaac  ls ui aíqucbfs li mfvcmclitf. Lstgoal`l qul li ui aíqucbf ci`fmprlscoal y if vcs`fsf, ag sumg bl ag prlscði dcbrfstçtc`g, ag lilreíg `ciãtc`g pfr uicbgb bl vfaumli y ag lilreíg pftli`cga ergvctgtfrcg pfr uicbgb bl vfaumli, ls `fistgitl g af agref bl tfbf la `cr`uctf. Ls bl`cr, qul bc`dg mgeictub tfmg la mcsmf vgafr li `ugaquclr pgr bl puitfs bla `cr`uctf. Pu lxprlscði mgtlmçtc`g ls: bfibl X  ls  ls ag prlscði dcbrfstçtc`g, χ ag bliscbgb,  e ag g`lalrg`cði bl ag ergvlbgb, d ag gaturg bla puitf y v  ag   ag vlaf`cbgb bla naucbf li lsl puitf. Afs suoíibc`ls 7 y ? sl rlnclrli g afs bfs puitfs bla `cr`uctf. Ag ftrg l`ug`cði qul `umpali afs naucbfs if `fmprlscoals ls ag l`ug`cði l`ug`cði  bl bl  `fitciucbgb `fitciucbgb,, qul lstgoal`l qul la `gubga ls `fistgitl g af agref bl tfbf la `cr`uctf dcbrçuac`f, ls bl`cr, qul ag `gitcbgb bl naucbf qul pgsg bl uig zfig bla tuof pulbl blncicrsl pfr la prfbu`tf bla çrlg bl ag sl``cði bla tuof pfr ag vlaf`cbgb vlaf`cbgb bla naucbf li lsg zfig y ag ag bliscbgb. E = G7v 7 = G?v ? bfibl G ls la çrlg bl ag sl``cði bla `fibu`tf pfr bfibl `cr`uag la naucbf y v  su   su vlaf`cbgb mlbcg. Li lazgr `gsf naucbfs `fmprlscoals, bfibl ag l`ug`cði bls.Olrifucaac if lsfils vçacbg, utcaczgr utcac ag bl nfrmuag`cði nfrmua g`cði mçs `fmpa `fmpaltg ltg bl Igvcl Igvclr r y Ptfkl Ptfkls. Lstgs l`ug`c l`ug`cfils sfi ls ag il`lsgrcf lxprlscði mgtl mg tlmç mçtc tc`g `g bl ag `f `fisl islrv rvg` g`cð cðii bl mg mgsg sg y bl `g `git itcb cbgb gb bl mf mfvc vcmc mcli litf tf.. Xg Xgrg rg na nauc ucbf bfss `fmprl `fm prlsco scoals als plr plrff if vcs vcs`fs `fsfs, fs, tgm tgmocã ocãii aag aagmgb mgbfs fs nau naucbf cbfss `fa `fafcb fcbgal gals, s, sl rlb rlbu`l u`lii g ags l`ug`cfils bl Lualr. Bgicla Olrifuaac nul ui mgtlmçtc`f qul rlgaczð lstubcfs bl bciçmc`g. Ag dcbrfbciçmc`g f naucbf nau cbfss li mfv mfvcmc cmclit litfs fs prl prlslit slitgg vgr vgrcgs cgs `gr `grg`t g`tlrí lrístc` stc`gs gs qul pul pulbli bli slr bls bls`rct `rctgs gs pfr l`ug`cfils mgtlmçtc`gs muy sli`caags. Aly bl Aly  bl  Rfrrc`laac Rfrrc`laac:: Pc li ui rl`cpclitl qul if lstç tgpgbf sl li`ulitrg ui naucbf y sl al gorl ga rl`cpclitl ui frcnc`cf ag vlaf`cbgb `fi qul `glrç lsl naucbf slrç: Ag ftrg l`ug`cði mgtlmçtc`g qul bls`rcol g afs naucbfs li mfvcmclitf ls la iúmlrf bl _lyifabs: I = b^B / i

bfibl b ls ag bliscbgb v ag vlaf`cbgb B ls la bcçmltrf bla `cacibrf y i ls ag vcs`fscbgb bciçmc`g. Egstf:  ls la vfaumli bl ui aíqucbf qul gtrgvclsg uig sl``cði bl ui `fibu`tfr li ui Egstf:  sleuibf. Ga egstf, tgmocãi sl al blifmcig naujf y su símofaf ls: W =G^ bfibl G= çrlg bla `fibu`tfr y ^= vlaf`cbgb `fi qul nauyl. Rgmocãi ga egstf sl al blifmcig li gaeuigs f`gscfils rgpcblz f vlaf`cbgb bl naujf.

Cie. Mgf & @F.

 

 IPR R\@ FI LB\@GR ^G M A@ GBLP @GIR AAF @FPRG ^GAALB\XG_ ?875

 

Ljlmpaf:

\ig aagvl tclil uig sl``cði bl 2`m? y prfpfr`cfig ui vfaumli bl 08A li ui mciutf. @ga`uagr g qul lqucvgal la egstf y ag vlaf`cbgb bla aíqucbf. W = v/t = 08888 `m0/>8 sle =