flow charts for Phosphoric Acid

 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PHOSPHORIC ACID  MOLECULAR FORMULA : H3PO4  MOLECULAR MASS

: 98g

 CHEMICAL NAME

: orthophosphoric acid

 COMMON NAME

: phosphoric acid

 BOILING POINT

: 133°c

 MELTING POINT

: -17°33

 DENSITY

: 1.83g/cc

 VAPOUR PRESSURE

: 267 Pa at 20°C

 SOLUBILITY

:miscible in water

 ODOUR

: slight acid odour

 APPEARANCE

: bronish/greenish viscous liquid

STRUCTURE OF PHOSPHORIC ACID

O H

P

O H

H

O

O

 THERMAL PROCESS  ELECTRIC FURNACE PROCESS  BLAST FURNACE PROCESS  WET PROCESS(SULFURIC ACID)

•The raw material used is elemental phosphorus . •This process has been abandoned because large amount of energy is requir

 REACTIONS INVOLED : Ca3(PO4)2 + 3H2SO4 +6H2O (ROCK PHOSPHATE)

2H3PO4 + 3(CaSO4.2H2O) (GYPSUM)

 SIDE REACTIONS: CaF2 + H2SO4 + 2H2O

6HF + SiO2

2HF + CaSO4.2H2O

H2SiF4 +2H2O

SLURRY TO LAGOON HOT WASH WATER VENT GAS

H3PO4 GYPSUM TRAVELLING PAN FILTER

FUME SCRUBBER

WEAK ACID WASH

HF(l)

WASHED GYPSUM

TO GYPSUM PLANT

RECYCLE H3PO4

40% H PO 3

CLARIFIER

GROUND PHOSPHATE ROCK 93-98% H2SO4

4

COOLING AIR REACTOR

SLURRY SLUDGE

HF(g)

SINGLE EFFECT EVAPORATOR

SIDE REACTION STEAM

SO4+2H Ca3(PO4)2 CaF + 3H +2H 2+H 2O2O 22SO4 2H3PO4+3(CaSO4.2H2O)

2HF+CaSO4.2H2O

75% H PO 3

4

• Igneous found in Kola, South africa,Brazil • sedimentery rocks found in Jordan ,Algeria,Morocco,etc

• Flourapatite (found in igneous) • Francolite(found in sedimetary)

DESCRIPTION OF PRODUCTION PROCESSES Raw Materials for Phosphoric Acid Production Bones used to be the principal natural source of phosphorus but phosphoric acid today is produced from phosphatic ores mined in various parts of the world. Phosphate ores are of two major geological origins:– Igneous as found in Kola, South Africa, Brazil, etc. – Sedimentary as found in Morocco, Algeria, Jordan U.S.A., etc. The phosphate minerals in both types of ore are of the apatite group, of which the most commonly encountered variants are:– Fluorapatite Ca10(PO4)6(FOH)2 – Francolite Ca10(PO4)6–x(CO3)x(FOH)2+x Fluorapatite predominates in igneous phosphate rocks and francolite predominates in sedimentary phosphate rocks.

The fluorine is liberated as hydrogen fluoride during the acidulation of phosphate rock. In the presence of silica this reacts readily to form fluosilicic acid via silicon tetrafluoride. CaF2 + 2H+

2HF + Ca++

4HF + SiO2

SiF4 + 2H2O

3SiF4 + 2H2O

2H2SiF6 + SiO2

The fluosilicic acid may decompose under the influence of heat to give volatile silicon tetrafluoride and hydrogen fluoride. H2SiF6

SiF4 +2HF

GAS SCRUBBING SYSTEMS A number of different scrubbing systems have been used for removing fluoride. These can vary both in the scrubbing liquor and in the type of scrubber used. The most widely used scrubber is the void spray tower operating at atmospheric pressure but others, such as packed bed, cross-flow venturi and cyclonic column scrubbers have been Extensively employed. A product containing up to 22% fluosilicic acid is recovered in the fluoride recovery system at atmospheric pressure and the removal efficiency is better than 99% (90% with one absorber). Silica is removed from the acid by filtration. Fresh water, recycled pond water, sea water and dilute fluosilicic acid have all been used as scrubbing liquor. Gas from the evaporator flash chamber is first fed through an entrainment separator if a system operating under vacuum is used. Essentially, this removes any P2O5 values from the gas. Only one scrubbing stage is generally used and 17-23% fluosilicic acid is obtained with a recovery efficiency of about 83-86%.

Let us see the manufacture of phosphoric acid by wet proc Involving sulfuric acid leaching of dihydrate process.

• Bones used to be principal natural source of phosphoric a • Nowadays phosphoric acid is produced from phosphatic o mined in different parts of the world.

DIHYDRATE PROCESS

 PROCESS DESCRIPTION :  Grinding

:

Some grades of commercial rock do not need grinding ,their particle size distribution being acceptable for dihydrate reaction section (60_70%