Florais para Animais

March 13, 2023 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A

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J`huioòcs Lctrfpfigt`k`s Lctrfpfigt`k`s Skgo`s ‘ JLS Çrgh` Ci`gkc oc H`l`ref

^TF^FX_@ OC _T@_@LCK_F HFL^FT HFL ^FT_@LCK_@I _@LCK_@I CL @KGL@GX OC @DTGEF @ DTGEF HFIC_GZF HFL @ S_GIG]@ÅÈ F OC _C _CT@^G@ T@^G@ HFLÎCLCK_ HFL ÎCLCK_@ @ T - JIFT@ JIFT@I I

_r`dìbf oc Hfkhiusèf oc Eròu`åèf of Hursf oc Lcoghgk` Zctcrgkàrg` / JLS, sfd ` frgckt`åèf of ^rfjcssfr H`rifs @ueustf Ofkgkg

Xèf ^ùif 4>>7

Çrgh` Ci`gkc oc H`l`ref

^TF^FX_@ OC _T@_@LCK_F HFL^FT HFL ^FT_@LCK_@I _@LCK_@I CL @KGL@GX OC @DTGEF @ DTGEF HFIC_GZF HFL @ S_GIG]@ÅÈ F OC _C _CT@^G@ T@^G@ HFLÎCLCK_ HFL ÎCLCK_@ @ T - JIFT@ JIFT@I I

_r`dìbf oc Hfkhiusèf oc Eròu`åèf of Hursf oc Lcoghgk` Zctcrgkàrg` / JLS, sfd ` frgckt`åèf of ^rfjcssfr H`rifs @ueustf Ofkgkg

Xèf ^ùif 4>>7

J`huioòcs Lctrfpfigt`k`s Lctrfpfigt`k`s Skgo`s - JLS

Çrgh` Ci`gkc oc H`l`ref

^TF^FX_@ ^TF^FX _@ OC _T@ _T@_@LCK_F _@LCK_F HFL^FT HFL^FT_@LCK_@ _@LCK_@ I CL @KG @ KGL@ L@ GX OC @ D TG TGE E F HF HFI I C _G _GZF ZF HF HFL L @ S_GI S_ GI G] G]@ @ ÅÈ F OC _CT@^G@ _CT @^G@ HFL HFLÎCLCK_ ÎCLCK_@T @T - JI FT@I

Xèf ^ùif 4>>7

Çrgh` Ci`gkc oc H`l`ref

^TF^FX_@ ^TF^FX _@ OC _T@ _T@_@LCK_F _@LCK_F HFL^FT HFL^FT_@LCK_@ _@LCK_@ I CL @KG @ KGL@ L@ GX OC @ D TG TGE E F HF HFI I C _G _GZF ZF HF HFL L @ S_GI S_ GI G] G]@ @ ÅÈ F OC _CT@^G@ _CT @^G@ HFL HFLÎCLCK_ ÎCLCK_@T @T - JI FT@I

_r`dìbf oc î hfkhiusèf oc hursf, `prcscktòf d`kh` cx`lgkòfr`, p`r` fdtckåèf oc eròu`åèf of hursf oc Lcoghgk` Zctcrgkàrg`, o` J`huioòc Lctrfpfigt`k` Skgo`s ‘ Skg-JLS, sfd frgckt`åèf of ^rfj. H`rifs @ueustf Ofkgkg. Ocjckogof c `prfvòf cl03 oc Oczcldrf oc 4>>7.

^rfj. H`rifs @ueustf Ofkgkg Skg JLS/ Hcktrf oc Hfktrfic oc ]ffkfscs (HH])/X^ (Frgcktòfr)

^rfjª. @k` Hiàuog` Dìo` Skg JLS/Bfvct

^rfjª._`l`r` Icgtc Hfrtcz Skg JLS/Hcktrf oc Hfktrfic oc ]ffkfscs (HH])/X^

@eròcåf ` Ocus, hrgòfr oc tfo`s `s hfgs`s, quc kfs tcl oòf hfkbchglcktf c s`dcofrg` p`r` cstuo`rlfs c hflprcckocrlfs `s fdr`s oc su`s lèfs1 ` Cic, tfo` Eiørg`, Bfkr`, Ifuvfr c @ofr`åèf. @eròcåf `fs lcus p`gs, pfgs cics hfktrgduìr`l p`r` quc cstc sfkbf tfrk`ssc rcìgoòc. @eròcåf ` tfof tfofs, s, quc oc ul` jfr jfrl` l` fu oc futr` hfktrgduìr`l p`r` ` hfkhrctgz`åèf ocstc tr`dìbf c cl cspchgì ` frgckt`åèf of ^rfjcssfr H`rifs @ueustf Ofkgkg, quc sclprc lc `kglfu c `hrcogtfu cl lcu pftckhgì.

’@ lcktc quc sc `drc p`r` ul` kfv` goçg` m`l`gs vfit`rà `f scu t`l`kbf frgegkì.“ (@idcrt Cgkstcgk)

TCXSLF

F prcscktc tr`dìbf tcvc hflf prgkhgpì fdmctgvf prfpfr ul lçtfof oc tr`t`lcktf kèf gkv`sgvf, p`r` scr `pighòf ` ul erupf oc hècs, ckhfktròfs cl `drgefs hfictgvfs, humfs `kgl`gs cstgvcsscl hfl ìeul` ìtcr`åèf hflpfrt`lcktì, hflf bgpcr`tgvgoòc fu bgpf`tgvgoòc. F tr`t`lcktf hfksgstc k` utgigz`åèf of jifrì oc D`hb (Tcshuc Tclcoy) c pi`hcdf. Hfl gstf, scrà pfssìvci tcst`r ` cjghàhg` of prfoutf hgtòf, p`r` f

tr`t`lcktf, ul` vcz quc kèf bà tr`dìbfs hgcktìjghfs quc rci`tcl tì cxpcrglcktf.

^ì`vr`s ‘ hb`vc= Hflpfrt`lcktf @kglì, tcr`pg` hflpiclckt`r, jifrì, `drgef hfictgvf.

@ D X _T @ H_

_bgs wfra b`s `s l`gk fdmchtgvc tf prfpfsc ` lctbfo fj kfk-gkv`sgvc trc`tlckt tf dc `ppigco tf erfup fj ofes jfuko gk hfiichtgvc sbcitcrs, wbfsc `kglìs wcrc wgtb sflc dcb`vgfur lfogjgh`tgfk, suhb `s bypcr`htgvgty fr bypf`htgvgty. _bc trc`tlckt gs tbc usc tbc D`hb jifrì (Tcshuc Tclcoy) `ko pi`hcdf. Ugtb tbgs, yfu h`k tcst tbc cjjchtgvckcss fj tbc lcktgfkco orue, jfr tbc trc`tlckt, sgkhc tbcrc `rc kf shgcktgjgh stuogcs tb`t rcpfrt suhb `k cxpcrglckt.

Acy ‘ Ufros= @kglì Dcb`vgfur, hflpiclckt`ry tbcr`py, jifrì, ukocr hfiichtgvc.

IGX_@ OC GISX_T@ÅÓC GISX_T@ÅÓCX X

Jgeur` 0. Tfha Tfsc , Bcig`ktbclul kullui`rgul, Tfs` o`s rfhb`s, Egr`ssfi of h`lpf...................................................................................:2 Jgeur` 4. Lgluius, Lgluius eutt`tus, Lìluius....... Lìluius..................... ........................... ........................... ............................. ...............:2 :2 Jgeur` 8. Hbcrry îul, ^rukus hcr`sgjcr`, @lcgx` hcrcm` fu hcrcmcgr`............. hcrcmcgr`..........................: .............:77 Jgeur` ?. @spck, ^fpuius trclui`, Ài`lf trclcofr fu j`g` kcer`.................................:7 Jgeur` 3. Tco Hbcstkut, @cshuius hàrkc`, H`st`kbcgr H`st`kbcgr` ` vcrlcib`... vcrlcib`................ ........................... .................5> ...5> Jgeur` :. Hcr`tf, Hcr`tfstgel` wgiilfttg`k`, Hcr`tf..... Hcr`tf.................. ........................... ........................... ......................5> .........5> Jgeur` 5. Xhicr`ktbus, Xhicr`ktbus `kkuus, Cshicr`ktf fu cshicr`ktus... cshicr`ktus................ .....................50 ........50 Jgeur` 2. Ecktg`k , Ecktg`k` `l`rcii`, Eckhg`k`........................................50 Jgeur` 7. Efrsc , Sicx curfp`cus , Srzc.....................................................54 Jgeur` 0>. Bfrkcdc`l, H`rpgkus dçtui`, H`rp`.........................................54 Jgeur` 00. Ugio F`t, Drflus r`lfsus, @vcg` Xgivcstrc...... Xgivcstrc................... ............................ ............................ ................58 ...58 Jgeur` 04. Hicl`tgs, Hicl`tgs vgtìd`, Hicl`tgtc.. Hicl`tgtc................ ............................ ............................ ........................... ................58 ...58 Jgeur` 08. Bfkcysuhaic, Ifkghcr` h`prgjfigul, Lòrcssgiv`........................5? Jgeur` 0?. Ugio Tfsc , Tfs` H`kgk`, Tfs` Xgivcstrc...................................5? Jgeur` 03. Figvc, Fic` curfpc` , Figv` fu figvcgr`.......................................53 Jgeur`

0:.

Ubgtc

Hbcstkut ,

@c sh ui us

bg pp fh `s t` ku l,

H`st`kbcgr`

dr`kh`.....................................................................................................53

Jgeur` 05. Lust`ro, Xgk`pgs `rvcksgs, Lfst`ro`.........................................5: Jgeur` 02. Hbcstkut Duo,   @c @c sh ui us bg pp fh `s t `k ul , H`st`kbcgr`................5: Jgeur` 07. U`tcr Zgfict , Bfttfkg` pìustrgs, Bfttfkg` fu v gfict` o'àeu`.....................................................................................................55 Jgeur` 4>. Glp`tgcks, Glp`tgcks ei`kouigjcr`, Dcgmgkbf fu L`rg`-sclvcrefkb`.................................................................................................55 Jgeur` 40. Bc`tbcr, Hìiuk` vuie`rgs, Crgh`...............................................52 Jgeur` 44. @erglfky @erglfky,, @erglfkg` @erglfkg` cup`tfrg`, cup`tfrg`, @erglÿkg`... @erglÿkg`................ ........................... ............................ ....................52 ......52 Jgeur` 48. Hcktùry, Hcktùrgul uldcii`tul, Hcktùr` fu hcktàurc`.........................57 Jgeur` 4?. Uìkut, Muei`ks rceg`, Kfeucgr`...............................................57 Jgeur` 43. Bfiiy, Gicx `qugjfigul , @zcvgkbf................................................2> Jgeur` 4:. I`rhb, I`rgx ochìou`, I`rgx fu i`rgåf.........................................2> Jgeur` 45. ^gkc, ^gkus syivcstrgs, ^gkbf fu pgkbcgrf sgivcstrc.....................20 Jgeur` 42. Cil, Silus prfhcr` , Filf........................................................20 Jgeur` 47. Xwcct Hbcstkut , H`st`kc` s`tgv` , H`st`kb` ofhc.....................24 Jgeur` 8>. Xt`r fj Dctbicbcl , Frkgtbfeìul uldcii`tul, Cstrci` oc Dciçl......................................................................................................24 Jgeur` 80. Ugiifw, Xìgx vgtciigk`, Xìeucgrf...............................................28 Jgeur` 84. Fà, Pucrhus rfdur, H`rvìbf..................................................28 Jgeur` 88. Hr`d @ppic, Lìus pulgi`, L`åè Xgivcstrc fu l`hgcgr`

Xgivcstrc..................................................................................................2? Jgeur` 8?. Hbghfry, Hbghfrgul gktydus, Hbghørg`.........................................2? Jgeur` 83. Zcrv`gk, Zcrdck` fjjghgkìgs, Zcrdck`... Zcrdck`................. ............................ ............................ ............................ ...............23 .23 Jgeur` 8:. Zgkc, Zgtgs vgkgjcr`, Zgocgr`.......................................................23 Jgeur` 85 . Dcchb , Jèus syiv`tgh`, J`g`....................................................2: Jgeur` 82. Tfha U`tcr , Àeu` lgkcrì........................................................2:

I G X _@ O C _@D CI @X

_`dci ` 0.

^`rälctrf oc `vìg`åèf. Erupf ofs `kgl`gs Bgpcr`tgvfs . . .25

^`rälctrf oc `vìg`åèf. Erupf ofs `kgl`gs Bgpf`tgvfs...............................................................................................22 _`dci`

4.

_ ` d c i ` 8.

Fs hgkhf ciclcktfs rci`hgfkòfs `f øreèf c `f scktglcktf. @o`ptòf of igvrf Jifr`gs oc D`hb & @hupuktur `. Eug` pràtghf p`r` hiìkgh`..................................................................................27 _ ` d c i ` ?.

Igst` @o`ptò` c Tcsulgo` of igvrf Jifr`gs oc D`hb & @ @h h up u k tu r ` . E ug ` p r à tg h f p` r ` h iì k gh `. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. 7 >

XSLÀTGF

GK_TFOSÅÈF .............................................................................05 0 FDMC_GZF O@ ^TF^FX_@....................................................................4> 4 @_CTG@I C LÇ_FOF............................................................................4> 8. TCZGXÈF OC IG_CT@_ST@..................................................................40 8.0BGX_ØTG@ O@ _CT@^G@.......................................................................40 8. 4 ^TGKHG^GF O@ _CT@^G@ HFL [email protected] 8.8 F @SRÌIGF O@ _CT@^G@ ^@T@ FX @[email protected] ? _G^F OC JIFT@GX................................................................................4? 3 CX_ÀEGFX O@ ^TC^@T@ÅÈF O@X CXXÍ[email protected]? : IGX_@ O@X CXXÍKHG@X JIFT@GX C XS@X @ÎGH@ÅÓCX, XCESKOF OT. COU@TO D@HB.......................................................................................4: :.0 @e rg lf ky ,   @e @e rg lf kg ` cu p` tf rg ` ...........................................................4: :.0.4 @s pc k, ^f pu iu s tr cl ui ` ...................................................................45 :.0.8 Dcchb, Jèus syiv`tgh` ....................................................................45 :.0.? Hcktùry, Hcktùrgul uldcii`tul ....................................................42

:.0.3 Hcr`tf, Hcr`tfstgel` wgiilfttg`k`.................................................... 47 :.0.: Hbcrry îul, ^rukus hcr`sgjcr` ........................................................47 :.0.5 Hbcstkut Duo, @cshuius bgppfh`st`kul ............................................8> :.0.2 Hbghfry, Hbghfrgul gktydus ...............................................................8> :.0.7 Hicl`tgs, Hicl`tgs vgtìd` ................................................................80 :.00> Hr`d @ppic, Lìus pulgi` ................................................................80

:.0.00 Cil, Silus prfhcr` ........................................................................84

:.0.04 Ecktg`k, Ecktg`k` `l`rcii` ............................................................84 :.0.08 Efrsc, Sicx curfp`cus ...................................................................88

:.0.0? Bc`tbcr, Hìiuk` vuie`rgs ...............................................................88 :.0.03 Bfiiy, Gicx `qugjfigul...................................................................... 88 :.0.0: Bfkcysuhaic, Ifkghcr` h`prgjfigul ..................................................8? :.0.05 Bfrkcdc`l, H`rpgkus dctuius .........................................................8? :.0.02 Glp`tgcks, Glp`tgcks ei`kouigjcr`.................................................... 83 :.0.07 I`rhb, I`rgx ochgou`.......................................................................8: :.0.4> Lgluius, Lgluius eutt`tus .............................................................8: :.0.40 Lust`ro, Xgk`pgs `rvcksgs ..............................................................8: :.0.44 Fà, Pucrhus rfdur ........................................................................85 . .......................................................................85 :.0.48 Figvc, Fic` curfpc` .......................................................................85 :.0.4? ^gkc, ^gkus syivcstrgs.....................................................................82

:.0.43 Tco Hbcstkut, @cshuius h`rkc` ......................................................82 :.0.4: Tfha Tfsc, Bcig`ktbclul kullui`rgul......................................... 87

:.0.45 Tfha U`tcr .....................................................................................87 ...................................................................................87 :.0.42 Xhicr`ktbus, Xhicr`ktbus `kkuus................................................. ...?> :.0.47 Xt`r fj Dctbicbcl, Frkgtbfeìul uldcii`tul ..................................?>

:.0.8> Xwcct Hbcstkut, H`st`kc` s`tgv` ....................................................?0 :.0. 80 Zcrv`gk, Zcrdck` fjjghgkìgs ............................................................?0

:.0.84 Zgkc, Zgtgs vgkgjcr` ..........................................................................?4 :.0.88 Uìkut, Muei`ks rceg` .....................................................................?4

:.0.8? U`tcr Zgfict, Bfttfkg` pìustrgs ......................................................?4 :.0.83 Ubgtc Hbcstkut, @cshuius bgppfh`st`kul .......................................?4 :.0.8: Ugio F`t, Drflus r`lfsus .............................................................?? :.0.85 Ugio Tfsc, Tfs` h`kgk`................................................................. ?? :.0.82 Ugiifw, Xìgx vgtciigk` .....................................................................?3 :.4Tcshuc Tclcoy ..................................................................................?3

5 HI@XXGJGH@ÅÈF OFX _TGK_@ C FG_F JIFT@GX HF KJFTLC FX XC_C ETS^FX ................................................................................................?: 2 HFKXCTZ@ÅÈF OF JÀTL@HF.............................................................?: 7 @ÎGH@ÅÓCX C CJCG_FX OF T@_@LCK_F...........................................?5 0> HFL^FT_@LCK_F @KGL@I...............................................................?5 0>.4^TFDICL@X HFL^FT_@LCK_@GX ..................................................?7 0>.4.0.0 @ercssgvgoòc.............................................................................?7 0>.4.0.4 @ercssèf ìglckt`r fu prco`tørg`.................................................30 0>.4.0.8 @ercssèf ` bul`kfs c fu `kgl`gs...............................................34 0>.4.0.? @ercssèf pfr lcof.....................................................................34 0>.4.0.3 @ercssèf tcrrgtfrgì......................................................................38 0>.4.0.: @ksgcoòc eckcrìgzò`..............................................................38 0>.4.0.5 @ksgcoòc oc scp`r`åèf................................................. scp`r`åèf................................................. ............38 0>.4.0.2 @pctgtc ocpr`vòf.......................................................................33 0>.4.0.7 @tf oc h`v`r hflpuisgv`lcktc.....................................................33 0>.4.0.0> Ocrl`tgtc `hrì pfr i`ldcour` cxhcssgv`....................................33 0>.4.0.00 Jfdg`s oc d`ruibfs, oc tclpcstòc, oc jfefs c oc `ldgcktcs

cxtcrkfs..................................................................................................3: 0>.4.0.04 Bgpcr`tgvgoòc...........................................................................32 0>.4.0.08 I`tgofs cxhcssgvfs fu ugvfs........................................... ugvfs........................................... ............32 00

OCJGKGÅ@F

C

_G^F

OC

^TFDICL@X

CL

@DTGEFX

HFIC_GZFX.............................................................................................37 04 @ÎGH@ÅÈF O@ ^TF^FX_@, ^@T@ _T@_@LCK_F OC @I_CT@ÅÓCX HFL^FT_@LCK_@GX,

CL

@KGL@GX

L@K_GOFX

CL

@DTGEFX

HFIC_GZFX.............................................................................................37 08 OGXHSXXÈF.......................................................................................:> TCJCTCKHG@X........................................................................................:4 TCJCTCKHG@X OC GL@ECKX...................................................................:5

- 05 -

GK_TFOSÅÈF

F bflcl tcl dushòf ocsoc tclpfs p`ssòfs lcibfrcs hfkogåócs oc vgo` `tr`vçs oc vàrgfs rchursfs, cktrc cics, ` k`turcz`. Hfl gssf, cic vgs` tcr ul` quìgoòc oc vgo` c tckt` ìh`kå`r l`gs s`ýoc (TFOTGESCX, ct . ì, 4>>:). Cl vàrgfs p`ìscs, ` lcoghgk` tròghgfkì, ìgò` î lcoghgk` hflpiclckt`r, tcl dushòf css` s`ýoc, quc sceukof ` Fre`kgz`åèf Lukogì oc X`ýoc (FLX), ç f cstòf hflpictf oc dcl cst`r jìsghf, lcktì c sfhgì c kèf sflcktc ` ùsíkhg` oc ofckå` fu ckjcrlgoòcs, scm` ci` bul`k` fu `kglì (TFOTGESCX, ct .

ì,

4>>:). Kf Dr`sgi, ` jgtftcr`pg` ç utgigzò` bà lugtf tclpf, pfgs f p`ìs cr` rurì c ` pràtgh` oc utgigz`r prfoutfs jgtftcràpghfs, vcl sckof gkjiuckhg`kof vàrg`s ecr`åócs (IFTCK]G, ct.

ì,

4>>4). Ç s`dgof quc f usf ocst` tcr`pg` hflpiclckt`r, t`ktf

prfjgiàtgh` qu`ktf hur`tgv` fu pìg`tgv` jfg rchfkbchgof, pci` FLX kf `kf oc 0752. K` lcoghgk` hflpiclckt`r, f tr`t`lcktf oc ìtcr`åócs hflpfrt`lckt`gs `tr`vçs ofs jifr`gs, tcl sgof utgigzòf t`ktf p`r` `kgl`gs oc hflp`kbg`, qu`ktf `kgl`gs oc prfouåèf. Cst` àrc` o` lcoghgk` vctcrgkàrg` cstà cl `shcksèf, l`s hgcktgjgh`lcktc, pfuhf sc tcl hfkbchglcktf sckof kchcssàrg`s `gko`, lugt`s pcsqugs`s (ET@KB@K, ct. ì, 0777). Ç oc er`koc glpfrtäkhg` ogjcrckhg`r ofgs hfkhcgtfs= tcr`pg` jifrì c jgtftcr`pg`. @ tcr`pg` `tr`vçs ofs jifr`gs tcl su` ogkälgh` oc hur` `tr`vçs o`s vgdr`åócs ckcreçtgh`s o` pi`kt` quc `tu` kf jukhgfk`lcktf of cstòf lcktì, clfhgfkì c scktglcktì, fkoc ` ocs`rlfkg` ocstcs icv` ` ìtcr`åócs kf `kglì c ` l`kgjcst`åèf oc rcspfst`s hflpfrt`lckt`gs. Bà bgpøtcscs oc quc fs jifr`gs `tucl pcifs ofs lcrgog`kfs o` `hupuktur`, fu scm`, ofs pfktfs oc jiuxf oc ckcreg` vgtì kf hfrpf. Hfl gssf, css`s cssíkhg`s `tu`l k`s àrc`s rcspfksàvcgs

- 02 -

pci` ctgfifeg` ofs cstòfs p`tfiøeghfs. Csscs t`gs lcrgog`kfs `tu`l mukt`lcktc hfl fs hgkhf ciclcktfs1 Jfef, Àeu`, _crr`, Lòcgr` c Lctì (^@SIFK, 0770). Hò` ul ocsscs ciclcktfs rci`hgfk`-sc ` ul øreèf c su` ìtcr`åèf icv`rà ` lfogjgh`åócs hflpfrt`lckt`gs, hfkjfrlc ocshrgtf k` lcoghgk` frgcktì. Xceukof ` ^ùifk (0770), ` lòcgr` cst`rà rci`hgfkò` `f jìeòf c cstc, cstà igeòf î r`gv`1 f jfef, `f hfr`åèf c ckvfivc f scktglcktf oc ìcerg` fu trgstcz`1 ` tcrr` rcjictc kf päkhrc`s c kf d`åf c `tu`rà kf cstòf lcktì of `kglì1 f lctì cstà igeòf `f puilèf, c sceukof ` igtcr`tur`, rcspfkoc ` scktglcktfs oc prcfhup`åèf1 ` àeu` rcjictc kfs rgks, rcspfkockof `f lcof (_`dci` ?) (^@SIFK, 0770). _cr f hfkbchglcktf ocst`s ìtcr`åócs pfocrà ùxgig`r k` hur` oc lugtfs prfdicl`s hflpfrt`lckt`gs oc ogvcrsfs `kgl`gs. Mà ` jgtftcr`pg`, ç ` tcr`pg` hflpiclckt`r quc `tr`vçs oc ìeuks lçtfofs (jcrvur` fu sfi`r), fdtçl-sc ul` cssíkhg`, quc tr`t`rà ` ìtcr`åèf hflpfrt`lcktì of `kglì (^@SIFK, 0770). Cl rci`åèf `fs `kgl`gs, ` ocjgkgåèf oc dcl cst`r, `hcgtf pci` hflukgoòc hgcktìjgh` ç `qucic quc ogz quc f dcl cst`r oc ul gkogvìouf ç scu cstòf cl rci`åèf îs su`s tckt`tgv`s oc sc ò`pt`r `f scu `ldgcktc (DTFFL, ct. ì, 072:). Cl 07:?, Tutb B`rrgsfk pudighfu f igvrf @kglì

L`hbgkcs,

cl quc rci`t`v` fs

lùs tr`tfs î `kgl`gs sudlctgofs î hrg`åèf cl hfkjgk`lcktf. Css` pudigh`åèf prfvfhfu ul er`koc glp`htf k` sfhgcoòc c lftgvfu f ^`ri`lcktf o` ErèDrct`kb` î hrg`åèf of Hflgtí

Dr`ldcii, quc

kf `kf sceugktc, `prcscktfu ul

rci`tørgf kf quì hfkst`v`l `s hgkhf igdcroòcs lìkgl`s quc ul `kglì ocvcrg` tcr, cktrc ci`s, scr igvrc oc ocshfkjfrtf, fu scm`, pfssugr ul `ldgcktc òcquòf, gkhiugkof `drgef c àrc` oc ocsh`ksf hfkjfrtàvci1 igvrc oc jflc c scoc, ocvckof tcr jàhgi `hcssf ` àeu` pftàvci c ` ul` ogct` quc f pfssgdgigtc tcr s`ýoc c vgefr jìsghf1 ocvc scr igvrc oc ofr, icsócs fu ofckå`s, tckof ` prcvckåèf o`s lcsl`s, f ogèkøstghf c tr`t`lcktf oc jfrl` ràpgo`1 ocvc scr igvrc p`r` cxprcss`r scu

- 07 -

hflpfrt`lcktf k`turì1 c igvrc oc lcof fu `keýstg`, cvgt`kof `ssgl f sfjrglcktf lcktì (J@UH, 0778). Css`s hgkhf igdcroòcs víl sckof hfksgocrò`s c `pighò`s kfs og`s `tu`gs. F dcl cst`r cstà igeòf ogrct`lcktc hfl f cstrcssc. ^fr su` vcz, f cstrcssc ç ul` rcspfst` of `kglì, hfl ` gktcr`åèf `f `ldgcktc quc cic cstà vgvckof. @hflctc lugtfs `kgl`gs, scm` oc vgo` igvrc fu kèf, cl quc f `kglì pfocrà sc ò`pt`r ` tì sgtu`åèf. (JFUICT,072:1 DTC@]GIC, 0725, ^@HB@IW,

ct ì.,

0778). Cstc cstòf pfocrà icv`r ` ìtcr`åócs oc tclpcr`tur` fu futr`s ìtcr`åócs, hflf hflpfrt`lcktf, `pctgtc c jcrtgigoòc, k` tckt`tgv` oc sc ò`pt`r ` kfv` hfkogåèf cstrcss`ktc (X^T@ACT, 0778).

^rglcgr`lcktc, fhfrrc ul` rcspfst` oc `lc`å`, quc ç hfkbchgo` hflf Xìkorflc oc Clcreíkhg` (H@KKFK, 0787), k` quì f fre`kgslf ç prcp`ròf p`r` iut`r fu juegr. Kcssc prfhcssf, f sgstcl` sglpàtghf / òrckì, ç `tgvòf c schrct`l fs bfrlÿkgfs h`tchfi`lgk`, òrckìgk` c kfròrckìgk`. Mà ` sceuko` rcspfst` fhfrrc `pøs ` `tgv`åèf of lcslf sgstcl`, l`s pfr ul pcrìfof l`gfr, ckvfivckof `xgs, bgpøjgsc c òrckì. @ jgkìgoòc ocst` rcspfst` ç rcst`dcichcr f `kglì jrcktc ` ul` sgtu`åèf ì`rl`ktc fu j`zí-if ò`pt`r-sc î kfv` sgtu`åèf. Cst` sceuko` rcspfst` ç hfkbchgo` hflf Xìkorflc Ecrì o` @o`pt`åèf (XCIZC, 073>). Ç s`dgof quc lugtfs hflpfrt`lcktfs oc vàrgfs `kgl`gs sèf l`kgjcstfs hfkjfrlc scu dcl cst`r, fkoc f `kglì rcspfkoc oc jfrl` pfsgtgv`, oclfkstr`kof ul` sgtu`åèf oc bgpcr`tgvgoòc fu kce`tgv`, icv`kof f `kglì î bgpf`tgvgoòc (B@T_, 0723).

:2

IGX_@ OC GISX_T@ÅÓCX

Jgeur` 0. Tfha Tfsc, Bcig`ktbclul kullui`rgul, Tfs` o`s rfhb`s, Egr`ssfi of h`lpf Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>2 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

Jgeur` 4. Lgluius , Lgluius eutt`tus, Lìluius Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>5 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

:7

Jgeur` 8. Hbcrry îul , ^rukus hcr`sgjcr`, @lcgx` hcrcm` fu hcrcmcgr` Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>5 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

Jgeur` ?. @s pck, pck , ^fpuius trclui`, Ài`lf trclcofr fu j`g` kcer` Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>5 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

5>

Jgeur` 3. Tco Hbcstk Hbcstk ut , @cshuius hàrkc`, hàrkc`, H`st`kbcgr` vcrlcib` Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>5 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

Jgeur` :. Hcr`tf, Hcr`tfstgel` wgiilfttg`k`, Hcr`tf Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>2 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

50

Jgeur` 5. Xhicr`ktbus , Xhicr`ktbus `kkuus, Cshicr`ktf fu cshicr`ktus Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>5 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

Jgeur` 2. Ecktg`k, Ecktg`k` `l`rcii`, Eckhg`k` Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 400 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

54

Sicx curfp`cushfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b 7. Efrsc, , Srzc Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Jgeur` Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt. tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>5 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

Jgeur` 0>. Bfrkcdc`l , H`rpgkus dçtui`, H`rp` Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>2 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

58

Jgeur` 00. Ugio F`t, Drflus r`lfsus, @vcg` Xgivcstrc Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>5 x 445. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

Jgeur` 04. Hicl`tgs, Hicl`tgs vgtìd`, Hicl`tgtc Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>5 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

5?

Jgeur` 08 Bfkcysuhaic, Ifkghcr` h`prgjfigul h`prgjfigul,, Lòrcssgiv` Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>2 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

Jgeur` 0?. Ugio Tfsc, Tfs` H`kgk`, Tfs` Xgivcstrc Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>5 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

53

Jgeur` 03. Figvc, Fic` curfpc`, Figv` fu figvcgr` Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>2 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

Jgeur` 0:. Ubgtc Hbcstkut , @cshuius bgppfh`st`kul bgppfh`st`kul,, H`st`kbcgr` dr`kh` Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>2 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

5:

Jgeur` 05. Lust`ro, Xgk`pgs `rvcksgs, Lfst`ro` Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>5 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

Hbcstkut stkut Duo , @cshuius bgppfh`st`kul bgppfh`st`kul,, H`st`kbcgr` Jgeur` 02. Hbc Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>5 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

55

Jgeur` 07. U`tcr Zgfict, Bfttfkg` pìustrgs, Bfttfkg` fu vgfict` o'àeu` Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>5 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

Jgeur` 4>. Glp`tgcks , Glp`tgcks ei`kouigjcr`, Dcgmgkbf fu L`rg`-scl-vcrefkb` Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>2 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

52

Jgeur` 40. Bc`tbcr, Hìiuk` vuie`rgs, Crgh` Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>2 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

Jgeur` 44. @e rg lf ky ky,,  @erglfkg` @erglfkg` cup`tfrg`, cup`tfrg`, @erglÿkg` Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>2 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

57

Jgeur` 48. Hcktùry, Hcktùrgul uldcii`tul, Hcktùr` fu hcktàurc` Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>2 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

Jgeur` 4?. Uìkut, Muei`ks rceg`, Kfeucgr` Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>2 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

2>

Jgeur` 43. Bfiiy , Gicx `qugjfigul, @zcvgkbf Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>5 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

Jgeur` 4:. I`rhb, I`rgx ochìou`, I`rgx fu i`rgåf Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>2 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

20

Jgeur` 45. ^gkc, ^gkus syivcstrgs, ^gkbf fu pgkbcgrf sgivcstrc Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>5 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

Jgeur` 42. Cil , Silus prfhcr`, Filf

Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>5 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

24

Jgeur` 47. Xwcc Xwcctt Hbcstku t , H`st`kc` s`tgv`, H`st`kb` ofhc Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>5 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

Jgeur` 8>. Xt`r fj Dctbicbcl , Frkgtbfeìul uldcii`tul, Cstrci` oc Dciçl Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 400 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

28

Jgeur` 80. Ugiifw, Xìgx vgtciigk`, Xìeucgrf Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl=pgxcis. 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt. tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>5 x 445 @hcssf cl=hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b >2 fut. 4>>7 tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;,

Jgeur` 84. Fà, Pucrhus rfdur, H`rvìbf Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>2 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

2?

Hr`d d @ppi c, Lìus pulgi`, L`åè Xgivcstrc fu l`hgcgr` sgivcstrc Jgeur` 88. Hr` Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>5 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

Jgeur` 8?. Hbghfry , Hbghfrgul gktydus, Hbghørg` Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>5 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

23

Jgeur` 83. Zcrv`gk, Zcrdck` fjjghgkìgs, Zcrdck` Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>5 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

Jgeur` 8:. Zgkc, Zgtgs vgkgjcr`, Zgocgr` Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>5 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

2:

Jgeur` 85. Dcchb, Jèus syiv`tgh`, J`g` Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>5 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

Jgeur` 82. Tfha U`tcr U`tcr , Àeu` lgkcrì Jfktc= Ocsgek dy A`l`r's. Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hck 9bttp=//dr`s`jfrt.hfl/k`tur`hcktcr/gkochgs`f.b tcr/gkochgs`f.btl;, tl;, Oglcksèf= 4>5 x 445 pgxcis. @hcssf cl= >2 fut. 4>>7

25

IGX_@ OC _@DCI@X _@DCI@ X

Bgpcr`tgv f - Erupf @ ( ) D ( ) Xude Xuderup rupf f KT. 0 ( ) 4 ( ) Kflc of `kglì

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Bgstørghf of `kgl` `kglìi

L( ) J( )

O`t` o` hbceò` of

@kgl @k gl ì

H`r`htcrìstgh` H` r`htcrìstgh` of

Gkìhgf of

H`stròf

hflpfrt`lcktf

tr`t`lcktf

`kglì

X( ) K( )

^rglcgr` @vìg`åèf

Xceuko Xc euko` ` @vìg`åèf

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(`vìg`åèf)

_`dci` 0. 0. ^`rälctrfs oc `vìg`åèf Erupf ofs `kgl`gs Bgpcr`tgvfs

22

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_`dci` 4. 4. ^`rälctrfs oc `vìg`åèf. Erupf ofs `kgl`gs Bgpf`tgvfs B gpf`tgvfs

27

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Tgl

Lcof

_`dci` 8. 8. Fs hgkhf ciclcktfs rci`hgfkòfs rci`hgfkòfs `f øreèf c `f scktglcktf. @o`ptòf of igvrf Jifr`gs oc D`hb & @hupuktur`. Eug` pràtghf p`r` hiìkgh`

7>

JIFT@I

LFZGLCK_F LFZGLCK_F CL

LCTGOG@KFX

OCXCPSGIGDTGF HFTTCX^FKOCK_CX @e rg lf ky @spck @s pck Dcchb Hcktùry Hcr`tf Hbcrry Hbc rry îul Hbcstkut Hbc stkut Duo Hbghfry Hicl`tgs

Hr`d @ppic Cil Ecktg`k Efrsc

BFT@TGFX GKOGH@OFX

Jfe f Lctì Lòcgr` Àeu` Àe u` Jfef Àeu` Àe u` _crr` Lctì Jfef Àeu` Àe u` _crr` Àeu` Àe u` Lctì

Hfr`åèf/Gktcstgkf Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg kf Ocieòf ûilèf/G ûilè f/Gktcstgkf ktcstgkf Erfssf Jì Jìeòf/Zc eòf/Zcsìhui` sìhui` Dgig `r Tgl/Dcxge` Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf Tgl/Dcxge` D`åf/^äkhrc`s/Cstflèf ûilèf/G ûilè f/Gktcstgkf ktcstgkf Erfssf Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf Tgl/Dcxge` D`åf/^äkhrc`s/Cstflèf Tgl/Dcxge` ûilèf/G ûilè f/Gktcstgkf ktcstgkf Erfssf

00=>> ‘ 03=>> >8=>> ‘ >5=>> 48=>> ‘ >8=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> >5=>> ‘ 00=>> >8=>> ‘ >5=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> >5=>> ‘ 00=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> >8=>> ‘ >5=>>

Àeu` Àe u` Lòcgr` _crr` Jfef _crr` Àeu` Àe u` Jfef Lctì Jfef Àeu` Àe u` Lctì Àeu` Àe u` Jfef _crr` Lctì Àeu` Àe u` Jfef Àeu` _crr` Àeu` _crr`

Tgl/Dcxge` Jì Jìeòf/Zc eòf/Zcsìhui` sìhui` Dgig `r D`åf/^äkhrc`s/Cstflèf Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf D`åf/^äkhrc`s/Cstflèf Tgl/Dcxge` Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf ûilèf/G ûilè f/Gktcstgkf ktcstgkf Erfssf Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf Tgl/Dcxge` ûilèf/G ûilè f/Gktcstgkf ktcstgkf Erfssf Tgl/Dcxge` Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf D`åf/^äkhrc`s/Cstflèf ûilèf/G ûilè f/Gktcstgkf ktcstgkf Erfssf Tgl/Dcxge` Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf Tgl/Dcxge` D`åf/^äkhrc`s/Cstflèf Tgl/Dcxge` D`åf/^äkhrc`s/Cstflèf

03=>> 48=>> ‘ ‘ 07=>> >8=>> >5=>> ‘ 00=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>> >5=>> ‘ 00=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>> >8=>> ‘ >5=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> >8=>> ‘ >5=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>> >5=>> ‘ 00=>> >8=>> ‘ >5=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> >5=>> ‘ 00=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> >5=>> ‘ 00=>>

_`dci` ?. ?. Igst` @o`ptò` c Tcsulgo` of igvrf Jifr`gs oc D`hb & @hupuktur`. Eug` pràtghf p`r` hiìkgh`

70

JIFT@I

LFZGLCK_F LFZGLCK_F CL

LCTGOG@KFX

OCXCPSGIGDTGF HFTTCX^FKOCK_CX

BFT@TGFX GKOGH@OFX

Bc`tbcr

Lòcgr` Jfef Jfef

Jì Jìeòf/Zc eòf/Zcsìhui` sìhui` Dgig `r Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf

48=>> ‘ >8=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>>

Bfiiy

Lòcgr` _crr` _crr` Jfef Àeu` Àe u` Àeu` _crr` Jfef Lòcgr` _crr` Jfef Àeu` Àe u` _crr` Àeu` Jfef Jfef Àeu` Àe u` _crr` Àeu` Àe u` Jfef Lctì Àeu` Àe u` Jfef Lctì _crr`

Jì Jìeòf/Zc eòf/Zcsìhui` sìhui` Dgig `r D`åf/^äkhrc`s/Cstflèf D`åf/^äkhrc`s/Cstflèf Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf Tgl/Dcxge` Tgl/Dcxge` D`åf/^äkhrc`s/Cstflèf Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf Jì Jìeòf/Zc eòf/Zcsìhui` sìhui` Dgig `r D`åf/^äkhrc`s/Cstflèf Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf Tgl/Dcxge` D`åf/^äkhrc`s/Cstflèf Tgl/Dcxge` Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf Tgl/Dcxge` D`åf/^äkhrc`s/Cstflèf Tgl/Dcxge` Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf ûilèf/G ûilè f/Gktcstgkf ktcstgkf Erfssf Tgl/Dcxge` Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf ûilèf/G ûilè f/Gktcstgkf ktcstgkf Erfssf D`åf/^äkhrc`s/Cstflèf

48=>> >5=>> ‘ ‘ >8=>> 00=>> >5=>> ‘ 00=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> >5=>> ‘ 00=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>> 48=>> ‘ >8=>> >5=>> ‘ 00=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> >5=>> ‘ 00=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> >5=>> ‘ 00=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>> >8=>> ‘ >5=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>> >8=>> ‘ >5=>> >5=>> ‘ 00=>>

Jfef _crr` Lc Lctì tì _crr` Àeu` Lòcgr` Àeu` Àe u` _crr` Lctì

Hfr`åèf/G Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf D`åf/^äkhrc`s/Cstflèf ûilèf/G ûilè f/Gktcstgkf ktcstgkf Erfssf D`åf/^äkhrc`s/Cstflèf Tgl/Dcxge` Jì Jìeòf/Zc eòf/Zcsìhui` sìhui` Dgig `r Tgl/Dcxge` D`åf/^äkhrc`s/Cstflèf ûilèf/G ûilè f/Gktcstgkf ktcstgkf Erfssf

00=>> ‘ 00=>> 03=>> >5=>> >8=>> ‘ >5=>> >5=>> ‘ 00=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> 48=>> ‘ >8=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> >5=>> ‘ 00=>> >8=>> ‘ >5=>>

Bfkcysuhaic Bfrkcdc`l Glp`tgcks I`rhb Lgluius Lust`ro Fà

Figvc ^gkc Tco Tc o Hbcstkut Tfha Tfsc Tfha U`tcr

_`dci` ?. ?. Igst` @o`ptò` c Tcsulgo` of igvrf Jifr`gs oc D`hb & @hupuktur`. Eug` pràtghf p`r` hiìkgh`

74

JIFT@I

LFZGLCK_F LFZGLCK_F CL

LCTGOG@KFX

BFT@TGFX

OCXCPSGIGDTGF HFTTCX^FKOCK_CX Xhicr`ktbus Xt`r fj Dctbicbcl Xwcctt Hbcstku Xwcc Hbcstkutt Zcrv`gk Zgkc Uìkut U`tcr Zgfi Zgfict ct Ubgtc Hbcstkut Ugio F` F`tt Ugio Tfsc Ugiifw

GKOGH@OFX

_crr` Àeu` Àe u` Jfef

D`åf/^äkhrc`s/Cstflèf Tgl/Dcxge` Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf

>5=>> ‘ 00=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>>

Jfef Àe Àeu` u` Lctì _crr` Jfef Lctì Àeu` Àe u` Àeu` Àe u` Jfef Lòcgr` Àeu` Lòcgr` Jfef Jfef Àeu` Àe u` Lctì Àeu` Àe u` Àeu` Àe u` _crr` Jfef _c _crr` rr` Àeu` Àe u` Àeu` Jfef Jfef

Hfr`åèf/G Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf Tgl/Dcxge` ûilèf/G ûilè f/Gktcstgkf ktcstgkf Erfssf D`åf/^äkhrc`s/Cstflèf Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf ûilèf/G ûilè f/Gktcstgkf ktcstgkf Erfssf Tgl/Dcxge` Tgl/Dcxge` Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf Jì Jìeòf/Zc eòf/Zcsìhui` sìhui` Dgig `r Tgl/Dcxge` Jì Jìeòf/Zc eòf/Zcsìhui` sìhui` Dgig `r Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf Tgl/Dcxge` ûilèf/G ûilè f/Gktcstgkf ktcstgkf Erfssf Tgl/Dcxge` Tgl/Dcxge` D`åf/^äkhrc`s/Cstflèf Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf D`åf/^äkhrc`s/Cstflèf Tgl/Dcxge` Tgl/Dcxge` Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf Hfr`åèf/Gktcstg Hfr`åèf/G ktcstgkf kf Ocieòf

00=>> 03=>> ‘ ‘ 03=>> 07=>> >8=>> ‘ >5=>> >5=>> ‘ 00=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>> >8=>> ‘ >5=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>> 48=>> ‘ >8=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> 48=>> ‘ >8=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> >8=>> ‘ >5=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> >5=>> ‘ 00=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>> >5=>> ‘ 00=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> 03=>> ‘ 07=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>> 00=>> ‘ 03=>>

D`åf/^äkhrc`s/Cstflèf >5=>>p`r` ‘ 00=>> _`dci` ?. ?. Igst` @o`ptò` c_crr` Tcsulgo` of igvrf Jifr`gs oc D`hb & @hupuktur`. Eug` pràtghf hiìkgh`

4>

0. Fdmctgvf

F fdmctgvf ocstc tr`dìbf ç dush`r rcsuitòfs, `tr`vçs o` `pigh`åèf o` prfpfst` cl hècs, l`ktgofs cl `drgef hfictgvf, hfl f usf o` lcoghgk` hflpiclckt`r, utgigz`kof ` jgtftcr`pg`, p`r` f tr`t`lcktf oc prfdicl`s hflpfrt`lckt`gs, dush`kof l`ktcr f òcquòf dcl-cst`r ofs `kgl`gs cl qucstèf. Hfl ` `pigh`åèf o` jutur` prfpfst`, scrà pfssìvci pcrlgtgr ` lcksur`åèf o` `kàigsc ofs p`rälctrfs hflpfrt`lckt`gs, hfl d`scs hgcktìjgh`s tr`zckof f `kglì `f cqugiìdrgf, kf erupf f quì cic pcrtckhc. 4. L`tcrgì c lçtfof lçtf of

Xcrèf `vìgòfs `kgl`gs, sceukof rci`tfs of tr`tòfr, cstgvcrcl hfl prfdicl`s oc hflpfrt`lckt`gs, hflf ` bgpcr`tgvgoòc, l`kgjcst`åèf, oc ul ìtf erù oc ckcreg`, oclfkstr`kof er`koc `ksgcoòc jrcktc ` ul cstìluif `ldgcktì, vgsuì fu ùogtgvf c `kgl`gs cl bgpf`tgvgoòc fu ocprcssèf, oclfkstr`kof sgk`gs hflf lcofs cl ecrì c `ksgcoòc. Fs `kgl`gs scrèf ogvgogofs cl ofgs erupfs, hfktckof hgkquckt` `kgl`gs hò` ul. F Erupf @ (`kgl`gs bgpcr`tgvfs) c Erupf D (`kgl`gs bgpf`tgvfs), sckof vgktc c hgkhf `kgl`gs oc `ldfs fs scxfs c hò` ul ocstcs erupfs (@ c D), scrèf sudogvgogofs cl ofgs suderupfs (Erupf 0 c erupf 4), fkoc ul rchcdcrà tr`t`lcktf ul hfl Tcshuc Tclcoy (Erupf 0) c futrf hfl pi`hcdf (Erupf 4). Fs tçhkghfs ckvfivgofs k` òlgkgstr`åèf of prfoutf, kèf tcrèf hfkbchglcktf oc quì jr`shf ç f o` cssíkhg` jgtftcràpgh` ( Tcshuc Tclcoy), kcl oc quì ç f jr`shf hfktckof pi`hcdf, p`r` kèf gktcrjcrgr kfs rcsuitòfs, rcìgz`kof cktèf f cstuof oupif hcef.

40

F prfoutf scrà òlgkgstròf k` àeu` oc dcdcr, fkoc hò` erupf rchcdcrà ul` ofsc pòrèf oc qu`trf eft`s. @ pcsqugs` tcrà our`åèf oc trgkt` og`s, hfl

`vìg`åèf ofs rcsuitòfs kf 03¾ og` c `pøs qugkzc og`s o` prglcgr` `vìg`åèf scrà jcgtf futr` `kàigsc c `tr`vçs o` `vìg`åèf ofs p`rälctrfs hflpfrt`lckt`gs, scrà pfssìvci fdtcr ul rcsuitòf. Fs oòfs scrèf ocshrgtfs cl t`dci`s oc `vìg`åèf (_`dci` 0 c 4), hflp`r`kof f cstòf of `kglì `ktcs c ocpfgs of tr`t`lcktf. 8. Tcvgsäf oc Igtcr`tur` 8. 8.0 0B Bgst gst ør ørg` g` o` tcr`pg`

@ tcr`pg` hfl jifr`gs vcl sckof utgigzò` k` lcoghgk` bul`k`, dcl hflf k` lcoghgk` `kglì, bà lugtf tclpf. Css` tcr`pg` tcvc gkìhgf bà lugtf tclpf fkoc fs `kgl`gs dush`v`l pi`kt`s k` k`turcz` p`r` tr`t`rcl oc prfdicl`s cstfl`h`gs c gssf mà `hfktchg`, `ktcs lcslf o` cxgstíkhg` of bflcl. Huitur`s hflf Iclýrg`, t`ldçl hfkbchgof hflf Lu, kf sçhuif RGR, @tiäktgo`, o`tò` sceukof cstuofs, 0>>.>>> `kfs `.H, mà utgigz`v`l ocss` tcr`pg` p`r` hur`s (LÀRGLF, 4>>2). Kf Cegtf 8.4>> `kfs `.H c k` lcsfpftälg` fkoc suregr`l `s prglcgr`s cshfi`s hfl ` ci`dfr`åèf oc tr`tòfs c høogefs o` hfkout`, dcl hflf k` Erçhg` pfr vfit` of sçhuif Z `.H., mà b`vg`l tclpifs ocstgkòfs î cst` tcr`pg`. Cl Tfl`, cl lcòfs oc 0:? `kfs `.H., jfg cst`dcichgo` ` ’ofckå`“ hflf ìef vgkof of fre`kgslf, quc jfg hfkjgrlòf pfr oc cstuofs jcgtf `tr`vçs of hfrpf bul`kf (_CGRCGT@, 4>>0). K` çpfh` oc Mcsus Hrgstf, pfr cxclpif, ` cssíkhg` jifrì t`ldçl cr` utgigzò` p`r` hur`s (LÀRGLF, 4>>2) c `s pi`kt`s cr`l usò`s hflf `ktgsçptghfs,

tÿkghfs,

`ktg-csp`sløoghfs,

`kìeçsghfs,

`ktg-gkji`l`tørgfs,

`ktghfkhcphgfk`gs, `dfrtgvfs c p`r` prflfvcr ` jcrtgigoòc c f k`shglcktf (X_CGK, 0772).

44

@ p`rtgr of `kf oc 078>, f ofutfr Cow`ro D`hb, d`htcrgfifegst`, glukfifegst` c t`ldçl lçoghf bflcfp`t`, hflcåfu ` sc ocogh`r gktcerìlcktc, ` su`

pcsqugs` pci` hur` `tr`vçs o`s jifrcs (JFII@GK, 4>>2). Or. D`hb ç hfksgocròf ul er`koc tcr`pcut` jifrì c ocshfdrgu trgkt` c fgtf jifrcs quc hflpóc f rcpcrtørgf ofs Jifr`gs oc D`hb c f Tcshuc Tclcoy quc t`ldçl ç hflpfstf pfr hgkhf ocst`s trgkt` c fgtf jifrcs. Xceukof cic, cst`s jifrcs ìh`kå`l tfofs fs pfktfs kce`tgvfs quc pfocrg`l rcsuit`r cl prfdicl`s, kèf sckof kchcssàrgf, ocshfdrgr l`gs jifrcs. @tuìlcktc, f D`hb Hcktcr , ifhìgzòf cl Lfukt Zcrkfk Zcrkfk,, prcscrv` ` ci`dfr`åèf ocs ocst`s t`s tgktur` tgktur`s-lèc s-lèc (X^@O@, 4>>7).

8. 8.4 4

^rgkhìpgfs o` tcr`pg` hfl jifr `gs

Xceukof ` igtcr`tur`, ` tcr`pg` hfl jifrì sceuc ìeuks prgkhìpgfs sclcib`ktcs î bflcfp`tg`, fu scm`, `ld`s utgigz`l ` lcoghgk` vgdr`hgfkì (_I@HB, 4>>2). @ rcssfkäkhg` vgdr`tørg` cstà d`scò` k`s ckcreg`s quc vgdr`l cl ul` octcrlgkò` jrcquíkhg` c `lpigtuoc c tr`t`l kèf sflcktc o` hur` of hfrpf jìsghf, l`s t`ldçl of h`lpf ckcreçtghf, dush`kof ul cqugiìdrgf cktrc hfrpf, lcktc, clfåèf c cspìrgtf, rcfre`kgz`kof `ssgl, ocscqugiìdrgfs quc pfss`l icv`r `f `p`rchglcktf oc ofckå`s. Xceukof cshrgtf ocgxòf pcif Or. D`hb, ` ofckå` `p`rchcrà qu`kof bfuvcr ul` ogstfråèf kf hflprglcktf ocst`s fko`, kf h`lpf ckcreçtghf of hfrpf, jgh`kof l`gs icktf c cxcrhckof cjcgtfs kce`tgvfs kf cstòf lcktì. Cstcs cjcgtfs icv`l f hfrpf, ` vgtìgoòc, î cxùstèf fu, ` vuikcr`dgigoòc ` ofckå`s (JFII@GK, 4>>2). Cl bul`kfs, cssc

ocscqugiìdrgf

pfoc

icv`r

`

ul`

quco`

o`

rcsgstíkhg`,

c

hfkscqucktclcktc f `p`rchglcktf oc ofckå`s jìsgh`s (^GK_F, 4>>2). @s tcr`pg`s vgdr`hgfk`gs pfssucl cjcgtfs pfsgtgvfs kfs `kgl`gs. K` bflcfp`tg`, bflcfp`t g`, fs lcogh`lcktfs lcogh`lcktfs utgigzòfs sèf prcp`ròfs prcp`ròfs `tr`vçs o` ogiugåèf c ègt`åèf cxhcssgv`, igdcr`kof sudstäkhg`s c ` ckcreg` vgdr`hgfkì. _`ktf p`r`

48

fs bflcfp`t`s qu`ktf fs tcr`pcut`s quc utgigz`l jifrcs css` ckcreg` ç ckhfktrò` cl tfofs fs scrcs vgvfs c ` hur` ç fdtgo` `tr`vçs of pfocr

ckcreçtghf ofs lcogh`lcktfs, vgkofs of rcgkf vcectì, `kglì c lgkcrì (JFII@GK, 4>>2). Sl ofs fdmctgvfs ocst` tcr`pg` ç f cqugiìdrgf o`s clfåócs of p`hgcktc, prfhur`kof ` oglgkugåèf fu ` ciglgk`åèf oc scktglcktfs hflf cstrcssc, ocprcssèf, päkghf, sfigoèf, trgstcz`, èrcssgvgoòc fu hgýlc (_I@HB, 4>>2). Ç ul` lcoghgk` hflpiclckt`r c pfr scr ul tr`t`lcktf lckfs èrcssgvf, lugtfs prfprgctàrgfs dush`l ` hur` p`r` ogvcrsfs lìcs (ET@B@K, ct. ì, 0777). ^focl scr utgigzòfs mukt`lcktc hfl lcogh`åócs ìfpàtgh`s, pfgs kèf ìtcr`l scus cjcgtfs (^GK_F, 4>>2).

_`ktf f `kglì qu`ktf scus prfprgctàrgfs ocvcl scr tr`tòfs hfl f jàrl`hf (^GK_F, 4>>2), f hflpfrt`lcktf `kglì ç rcjictgof pcif `ldgcktc bul`kf, `s `tgtuocs c `s `åócs oc scus ofkfs. Cstcs rcjicxfs pfocl scr t`ktf pfsgtgvfs qu`ktf kce`tgvfs, pfr gssf ` glpfrtäkhg` of tr`t`lcktf cl hfkmuktf. 8. 8.8 8 F ùxìigf o` tcr`pg` p`r` fs `kg l`gs

@tuìlcktc lçoghfs vctcrgkàrgfs cstèf dush`kof cstc tr`t`lcktf cl hècs, e`tfs, dfvgkfs, cqugkfs, suìkfs, `vcs, pcgxcs, `dcib`s, `kgl`gs sgivcstrcs c scivècks (L@TPSCX, 4>>2). Fs tr`t`lcktfs utgigzòfs kèf sèf sflcktc p`r` prfdicl`s hflpfrt`lckt`gs hflf èrcssgvgoòc c `ksgcoòc oc scp`r`åèf (^GK_F, 4>>2), l`s t`ldçl prfdicl`s sgstílghfs hflf `hgocz eàstrgh`, pscuofhgcsc, prfdicl`s ìçreghfs c `jchåócs duh`gs (L@TPSCX, 4>>2). ^fr scrcl prfoutfs k`tur`gs c kèf tøxghfs, scus cjcgtfs hfi`tcr`gs sèf lckfrcs, ogjcrcktc o`s pfssìvcgs hflpigh`åócs igeò`s `f usf oc lcogh`lcktfss hfktìkufs hflf vgstfs cl usf oc orfe`s ìfp`t`s (ET@B@K c lcogh`lcktf

4?

ZI@LGX, 0777).

? _gpf _gpf o c jifr`gs

Bà vàrgfs tgpfs oc jifr`gs, ocktrc cics, fs jifr`gs o` Hìgjørkg`, @ustrìg`kf, f of @i`sa`, f Jifrì Jr`khís, f of Ocscrtf, f Jifrì @ifb`, fs Jifr`gs o` Bfi`ko`, of Bglì`g`, of @l`zfk`s, cktrc futrfs. Kf Dr`sgi, bà fs Jifr`gs oc Lgk`s, fs Jifr`gs Dr`sgicgrfs, f Jifrì oc X`kt Ecrl`gk, fs o`s Jgib`s oc E`g`, fs of @ercstc, o` L`t` @tiäktgh`, of @rhf-ìrgs, oc @ekcs, fs jifr`gs o` L`ktgqucgr` cktrc futrfs, f quc octcrlgk`rà f tgpf oc jifrì sèf `s jifrcs ckhfktrò`s cl hò` rcegèf.

Cktrct`ktf, fs jifr`gs l`gs hfkbchgofs c

utgigzòfs, sèf fs oc D`hb (K@GJJ, 0777). 3

Cstàegfs o` prcp`r`åèf o`s cssíkhg`s

Ofs cstàegfs oc prcp`r`åèf p`r` `s cssíkhg`s jifr`gs, bà trís ct`p`s= prcp`r`åèf o` tgktur` lèc, prcp`r`åèf of jr`shf oc cstfquc c prcp`r`åèf of jr`shf ogiuìof (@KOT@OC, 4>>7). @ prcp`r`åèf o` tgktur` lèc tcl gkìhgf hfl ` hfibcgt` o`s jifrcs, pfr vfit` o`s fgtf bfr`s o` l`kbè c quc, oc prcjcríkhg`, kèf tckb` hfkt`tf ogrctf hfl `s lèfs. @pøs ` hfibcgt` fs lçtfofs utgigzòfs k` cxtr`åèf o` tgktur` lèc sèf= f sfi`r fu ` jcrvur` o` jifr. ^`r` hò` cspçhgc oc jifr, b`vcrà ul lçtfof cspchìjghf, quc ocpckocrà o` rgegocz o` jifr (pçtì` fu `rdustf) (_I@HB, 4>>2). Kf lçtfof sfi`r (Xuk Lctbfo) cl ecrì, `s jifrcs ckhfktrò`s cstèf kf jifrcst`lcktf (cst`åócs o` prgl`vcr` c vcrèf). Xèf ci`s= @erglfky, Hcktùry, Hcr`tf, Hbghfry, Hicl`tgs, Ecktg`k, Efrsc, Bc`tbcr, Glp`tgcks,

43

Lgluius, Fà, Figvc, Tfha Tfsc, Xhicr`ktbus, Ugii F`t, Zcrv`gk, Zgkc, U`tcr, Zgfict, Ubgtc Hbcstkut c Tfha U`tcr  (_I@HB, (_I@HB, 4>>2). Kcstc lçtfof, `s jifrcs

sèf hfibgo`s qu`kof f sfi cstà jfrtc c qucktc, pfgs b`vcrà igdcr`åèf oc fxgeíkgf (pghf oc jftfssìktcsc). Xèf hfifhò`s cl rchgpgcktc iglpf oc vgorf tr`ksp`rcktc, hfdcrt` hfl àeu` lgkcrì c hfifhò` `f sfi pfr `prfxglò`lcktc trís bfr`s (^GK_F, 4>>2). @ ocsv`ktècl ocstc lçtfof ç quc cl og`s kudiòfs, pfocl `tr`pìb`r f prfhcssf, ocvgof ` jìt` ofs r`gfs sfi`rcs (_I@HB, 4>>2). Kf lçtfof oc jcrvur`, t`ldçl hfkbchgof hflf Dfgigke Lctbfo, fs drftfs oc àrvfrcs, `rdustfs, pi`kt`s c jifrcs oc oczfgtf cspçhgcs, quc cl ecrì jifrcshcl of futfkf `f gkvcrkf, ocvcl scr jcrvgo`s cl p`kci` oc gkfx fu vgorf pfr `prfxglò`lcktc trgkt` lgkutfs. Ocpfgs oc rcsjrgò`, ` àeu` ç hfò` c hfifhò` cl ul` e`rr`j` hfktckof hgkquckt` pfr hcktf oc dr`koy oc uv` (hfkb`quc) c ` lcsl` lcogo` o` sfiuåèf hfò`, o`kof frgecl î tgktur` lèc. ^`r` ` jcrvur` pfocl scr utgigzò`s `s sceugktcs jifrcs= Hbcrry îul, Cil, @spck, Dcchb, Hbcstkut Duo, Bfrkdc`l, I`rhb, Uìkut, Xt`r fj Dctbicbcl, Bfiiy, Hr`d @ppic, Ugiifw, ^gkc, Lust`ro, Tco Hbcstkut, Bfkcysuhaic, Xwcct Hbcstkut, Ugio Tfsc (_I@HB, 4>>2).

@ prcp`r`åèf oc jr`shf p`r` cstfhècl o` sudstäkhg` fhfrrcrà `pøs ` ògåèf of dr`koy oc uv` (hfkb`quc), quc scrvgrà hflf hfkscrv`ktc o` sfiuåèf fu `pøs ` ògåèf oc vgkèrc oc l`åè p`r` `kgl`gs quc kèf tficr`l f àihffi fu pfssu`l og`dctcs (_I@HB, 4>>2). Fs jr`shfs ogiuìofs hfktíl hcrh` oc sctckt` pfr hcktf oc àeu` lgkcrì c trgkt` pfr hcktf of dr`koy oc uv` cl cst`åócs l`gs qucktcs fu fgtckt` pfr hcktf oc àeu` lgkcrì c vgktc pfr hcktf oc dr`koy cl cst`åócs of `kf lckfs qucktcs. Kf h`sf of vgkèrc oc l`åè, ç utgigzòf qugkzc pfr hcktf o` sfiuåèf hfl àeu` lgkcrì. H`sf f `kglì tckb` gktficräkhg` `f vgkèrc oc l`åè, ` eighcrgk` t`ldçl pfocrà scr utgigzò` ` hgkhf pfr hcktf k` sfiuåèf oc àeu`. Fs jr`shfs

4:

ocvcrèf scr cstcrgigzòfs, k` hfr äld`r hfl duidf oc iàtcx c häkui` oc vgorf (_I@HB, 4>>2).

:

Igst ` o`s cssíkhg`s jifr `gs c su`s `pigh`åócs, sceuko sceukof f Or.

Cow`ro D`hb

@ igst` o`s cssíkhg`s jifr`gs ç hflpfst` pfr trgkt` c fgtf jifrcs. Cstc kýlcrf jfg octcrlgkòf pcif Or. D`hb (0758, hgtòf pfr BFU@TO, 077>). Xceuc `d`gxf ` rci`åèf o`s jifrcs c su`s `pigh`åócs p`r` fs `kgl`gs. (Igst` ò`ptò` c rcsulgo` k`s _`dci`s 2 c 7).

:. :.0. 0.0 0 @e @ergl rgl fk fky y , @e r g lf k g ` cu cup p `tf `t f r g `, (kflc pfpui`r= èrglÿkg`, lfròfr of h`lpf, h`lp`kàrgf oc gercm`) Ç gkoghòf

p`r` tr`t`r `kgl`gs cl sfjrglcktf jìsghf, quc icv` f `kglì ` ofr fu `jigåócs lckt`gs fu jìsgh`s, ocvfivckof su` s`ýoc (ET@B@K C ZI@LGX, 0777). Gkoghòf p`r` `kgl`gs quc kèf hfksceucl rci`x`r (BFU@TO, 077>). Xceukof Jfii`gk (4>>2), cstc jifrì ç gkoghòf

p`r` tr`t`r

`kgl`gs

quc

`p`rcktclcktc

kèf

oclfkstr`l kckbul sgkì `kfrlì, cxhctf pcif fib`r `ksgfsf fu p`r` `kgl`gs quc kukh` oclfkstr`l sgk`gs oc `keýstg`, lcslf qu`kof ç cvgocktc quc cstcm`l sfjrckof. Cstc jifrì, kf sgstcl` oc D`hb, ç vgstf hflf ul `ksgfiìtghf, rctgr`kof ` `keýstg`, èrcssgvgoòc, scktglcktf oc sfigoèf (^@X_FTGKF, 0774). Xceukof ^ùifk (0770) ` èrglÿkg` ç gkoghò` t`ldçl p`r` lcofs jìsghfs fu lcof oc jgh`r sø. Cl scu igvrf, ` ùtfr` rci`t` quc fs lfvglcktfs cl ocscqugiìdrgf sèf f jfef, lctì c ` lòcgr` ìtcr`kof, pfrt`ktf, f hfr`åèf, puilèf c jìeòf, icv`kof `f ocscqugiìdrgf cl hfr`åèf c gktcstgkf ocieòf,

45

puilèf c gktcstgkf erfssf, jìeòf c vcsìhui` dgig`r. Fs bfràrgfs l`gs gkoghòfs p`r` ` utgigz`åèf ocsoc jifrì ç o`s fkzc îs

qugkzc bfr`s, o`s trís îs sctc bfr`s c o`s vgktc c trís `s trís bfr`s, pfgs p`r` ` ùtfr` sèf fs bfràrgfs kfdrcs, fu scm`, bfràrgf fkoc cstc jifrì grà tcr ul` l`gfr cjghàhg`, pfr tcr ul` lcibfr lct`dfigz`åèf kf fre`kgslf of `kglì. Jifrcshc oc mukbf ` èfstf (vcrèf) c f lçtfof l`gs gkoghòf p`r` ` prcp`r`åèf of jifrì ç f lçtfof sfi`r (^@TFKG c ^@KFKG, 4>>8). :.0.4 @spck, ^fpuius trclui`, (kflc pfpui`r= j`g` kcer` fu

hbfupf trclcofr), tr`t` f lcof c ` `prccksèf oc hùs`s ocshfkbchgo`s, dcl hflf `ksgcoòc, kcrvfsgslf, sufr, lghåèf, icv`kof f `kglì î hfrècl (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). F lcof cl qucstèf ç cl jfrl` oc `prccksèf, p`vfr oc ìef ocshfkbchgof (^@X_FTGKF, 0774). Fs lfvglcktfs cl ocscqugiìdrgf sèf ` àeu` c f jfef, rcjictgkof kfs rgks c dcxge`, hfr`åèf c gktcstgkf ocieòf. Xu` lcibfr `tu`åèf kf fre`kgslf, hfkjfrlc ` lcoghgk` hbgkcs`, sc oà o`s qugkzc bfr`s `s oczckfvc c o`s fkzc bfr`s `s qugkzc (^@SIFK, 0770). Xu` gkogh`åèf ç p`r` f lçtfof o` jcrvur`, pfgs ci` hflcå` ` jifrcshcr kf gkìhgf o` prgl`vcr` c v`g `tç l`råf, `drgi (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :.0.8 Dcchb, Jèus syiv`tgh`, (kflc pfpui`r= j`g` frogkàrg`)

Gkoghòf p`r` `kgl`gs gktficr`ktcs, grrgtòfs (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777) c oc tclpcr`lcktf jfrtc (^@X_FTGKF, 0774). Fs lfvglcktfs cl ocscqugiìdrgf sèf ` àeu`, ` tcrr` c f lctì, hfrrcspfkockof `fs lcrgog`kfs ofs rgks c dcxge` (àeu`), d`åf, päkhrc`s c cstÿlèf (tcrr`) c puilèf c gktcstgkf erfssf

42

(lctì). Xcu bfràrgf oc lcibfr `tu`åèf ç o`s qugkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s, o`s sctc îs fkzc bfr`s fu o`s trís îs sctc

bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Xu` jifr`åèf `hfktchc oc `drgi ` l`gf c f lçtfof p`r` ` prcp`r`åèf of jifrì ç f o` jcrvur` (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :.0.? Hcktùry, Hcktùrgul uldcii`tul , (kflc pfpui`r=

hcktàurc` o` Curfp`), tr`t` `kgl`gs sudlgssfs, icv`kof f `kglì î jgrlcz`, gkogvgouìgoòc c h`p`hgoòc oc rcsgstíkhg` (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Xceukof Jfii`gk (4>>7), cstc jifrì ç gkoghòf p`r` tr`t`r `kgl`gs gksceurfs, hfl `ksgcoòc oc èrò`r scus prfprgctàrgfs c quc sceucl scu ofkf f tclpf tfof, i`ldckof-f hfkst`ktclcktc c rchus`kof-sc ` ocgxà-if sfzgkbf fu p`r` `kgl`gs quc `ko`l oc h`dcå` d`gx`, cvgt`l f hfkt`tf vgsuì hfl fs futrfs `kgl`gs c l`ktíl `s frcib`s `d`gxò`s c prøxgl`s î h`dcå`, `ko`l rcktcs `f hbèf c vgr`l oc hfst`s lfstr`kof ` d`rrge`, gkogh`kof pfstur` sudlgss`. Hflf ` ckcreg` cstà ocdgigtò`, f jifrì ç gkoghòf t`ldçl p`r` `kgl`gs hfkvìcshcktcs (^@X_FTGKF, 0774). Fs lfvglcktfs ocscqugigdròfs sèf f jfef c ` àeu`, icv`kof ` ìtcr`åócs ofs lcrgog`kfs quc hfrrcspfkocl `f hfr`åèf c gktcstgkf ocieòf, rgl c dcxge`. Fs bfràrgfs p`r` ul` lcibfr lct`dfigz`åèf pcif fre`kgslf of `kglì sc oèf o`s fkzc îs qugkzc bfr`s c o`s qugkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Xu` jifr`åèf fhfrrc oc mukbf ` sctcldrf (vcrèf) c f lçtfof l`gs gkoghòf p`r` ` prcp`r`åèf of jifrì ç f sfi`r (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8).

:. :.0. 0.3 3 Hc Hcr`tf r`tf,, Hc Hcr`tf r`tfstg stg el` wgi il ilftt ftt g`k` , (kflc pfpui`r=

47

hcr`tf), tr`t` ` jìt` oc sceur`kå` c hfkjg`kå`, ` jìt` oc

gkghg`tgv`, f ocscmf oc `prfv`åèf pcif erupf c hflpfrt`lcktfs glgt`tgvfs,

tr`zckof

`f

`kglì

sceur`kå`,

gkghg`tgv`

c

ùtfhfkjg`kå` (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Ckvfivc f ocscqugiìdrgf ofs lfvglcktfs hflf ` tcrr`, àeu` c lctì, icv`kof ` ìtcr`åócs kfs lcrgog`kfs hfrrcspfkocl hflf f d`åf, päkhrc`s c cstÿlèf, rgl c dcxge`, puilèf c gktcstgkf erfssf. Fs bfràrgfs oc lcibfr `tu`åèf sèf o`s sctc îs fkzc bfr`s, o`s qugkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s c o`s trís îs sctc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Cst` jifr ç ul `rdustf frgegkàrgf of Bglì`g`, kf _gdct. Xu` jifr`åèf sc oà oc èfstf ` sctcldrf c f lçtfof oc prcp`r`åèf l`gs gkoghòf ç f sfi`r (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :. :.0. 0.: : Hbcrry

îul,

^ruk ^rukus us

hcr`sg hcr`sgjcr` jcr`, (kflc pfpui`r=

hcrcmcgr`, `lcgxcgr` o` ^çrsg`), cst` jifr ç gkoghò` p`r` tr`t`r hflpfrt`lcktfs gkhfktrfiàvcgs, `kgl`gs hfl hflpuisgvgoòc, rcstgtugkof î hìl` c f hfktrfic (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Fs `kgl`gs cl cstòf oc ocprcssèf, `ksgcoòc fu jìt` oc hfktrfic clfhgfkì sèf `qucics quc tcrèf gkogh`åèf oc usf of jifrì quc hfktckb` cst` pi`kt` (BFU@TO, 077>). Ç ul jifrì quc hflpóc f Tcshuc Tclcoy (^@X_FTGKF, 0774). Fs lfvglcktfs cl ocscqugiìdrgf sèf ` àeu`, lòcgr` c tcrr`, ìtcr`kof fs rgks c dcxge`, jìeòf, vcsìhui` dgig`r c d`åf, päkhrc`s c cstÿlèf. Fs bfràrgfs oc l`gfr gkogh`åèf sèf o`s qugkzc bfr`s `s oczckfvc, o`s vgktc c trís bfr`s `s trís c o`s sctc îs fkzc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Hflf su` jifr`åèf fhfrrc cktrc jcvcrcgrf ` `drgi, çpfh` oc sfi jr`hf, f lçtfof l`gs utgigzòf ç f oc jcrvur` (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :. :.0. 0.5 5 Hbc Hbcstku stku t Duo, @cshuiu s bgpp fh`st`kul , (kflc

8>

pfpui`r= h`st`kbcgr`, drftf oc h`st`kbcgrf o` Ìkog`), tr`t` `s

ogjghuioòcs oc `prckogzòf, ` rcpctgåèf ofs lcslfs crrfs c hflpfrt`lcktfs rcpctgtgvfs, icv`kof f `kglì ` ogjghuioòc oc `prckocr (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Cqugigdr` fs lfvglcktfs quc ckvfivcl f jfef c ` tcrr`, rcstùr`kof hfr`åèf, gktcstgkf ocieòf c d`åf, päkhrc`s c cstÿlèf. Fs bfràrgfs l`gs gkoghòfs sèf o`s fkzc bfr`s `s qugkzc c o`s sctc îs fkzc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). F Hbcstkut Duo ç f dftèf o` àrvfrc of Ubgtc Hbcstkut, su` jifr`åèf sc oà oc `drgi ` l`gf c `

prcp`r`åèf l`gs gkoghò` ç `tr`vçs of lçtfof oc jcrvur` (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :.0.2 Hbghfry, Hbghfrgul gktydus , (kflc pfpui`r= hbghørg`),

tr`t` `kgl`gs hfl pfsscssgvgoòc, bàdgtf oc kèf s`gr oc pcrtf of prfprgctàrgf c kchcssgoòc oc hb`l`r ` `tckåèf. Cstc jifrì rcstgtug f gkstgktf kfrlì oc prftcåèf c zcif (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Xceukof rci`tfs ckhfktròfs jcgtfs pcif Or. D`hb, ` orfe` prcp`rò` hfl cst` jifr ùxgig` kf hfktrfic oc pfssc kèf sø oc ’prfprgctàrgfs“ l`gs t`ldçl oc drgkqucofs (D@HB, hgtòf pfr BFU@TO, 077>). ^`r` ^ùifk (0770), fs lfvglcktfs cl ocscqugiìdrgf sèf ` àeu`, f jfef c f lctì, hfrrcspfkockof, pfrt`ktf, `fs lcrgog`kfs of rgl c dcxge` (àeu`), hfr`åèf c gktcstgkf ocieòf (jìeòf) c puilèf c gktcstgkf erfssf (lctì). Fs bfràrgfs oc l`gfr cjghàhg` sèf o`s qugkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s, o`s fkzc îs qugkzc bfr`s c o`s trís îs sctc bfr`s. Xu` jifr`åèf sc oà cktrc muibf ` sctcldrf c f lçtfof l`gs gkoghòf p`r` ` prcp`r`åèf of jifrì ç f sfi`r (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :. :.0. 0.7 7 Hicl`tgs, Hicl`tgs vgt ìd`, (kflc pfpui`r= hicl`tgtc,

80

vgkb` dr`kh`, d`rd` oc vcibf, ìcerg` of vg`m`ktc), tr`t` ` jìt`

oc `tckåèf c f ocsgktcrcssc pci`s hgrhukstäkhg`s prcscktcs, icv`kof f `kglì î prfktgoèf c hfkhcktr`åèf (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Cstc jifrì t`ldçl ç ckhfktròf kf Tcshuc Tclcoy (BFU@TO, 077>). Fs lfvglcktfs cl ocs`rlfkg`

sèf f jfef, ìtcr`kof f lcrgog`kf hfrrcspfkocktc f hfr`åèf c gktcstgkf ocieòf, c ` àeu`, ìtcr`kof f rgl c ` dcxge`. Fs bfràrgfs l`gs gkoghòfs p`r` ` utgigz`åèf ocstc jifrì scrg`l o`s fkzc bfr`s `s qugkzc c o`s qugkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Hicl`tgs ç ul `rdustf trcpòcgr` quc sc jgx` kf ìtf oc futrfs `rdustfs. Xu` jifr`åèf sc oà oc muibf ` sctcldrf c ` prcp`r`åèf gocì p`r` cstc jifrì ç `tr`vçs of lçtfof sfi`r (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :. :.0. 0.0> 0> Hr`d @pp ic, L` Lìus ius pulg i`, (kflc pfpui`r= l`hgcgr`

sgivcstrc, l`åèzgkb` sgivcstrc), tr`t` gkjchåócs, ckvckck`lcktf (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Ç ul jifrì oc iglpcz`, rctgr`kof î ofckå` (BFU@TO, 0774). Xceukof ocshrgtf pfr ^`stfrgkf, (0774), cstc jifrì ç hfksgocròf ul `ktgdgøtghf, pfgs pfoc scr utgigzòf t`ktf cl gkjchåócs ifh`gs hflf eckcrìgzò`s, ciglgk`kof, `ssgl, tfxgk`s. Gkoghòf t`ldçl p`r` prfdicl`s oc pcic, chzcl`s, ìcreg`s c vcrrue`s, rcst`dcichckof fs lfvglcktfs hflf lctì, àeu`, jfef c tcrr`. Tcstùr`kof, pfrt`ktf, fs lcrgog`kfs hfrrcspfkocktcs hflf puilèf c gktcstgkf erfssf, rgl c dcxge`, hfr`åèf c gktcstgkf ocieòf c d`åf, päkhrc`s c cstÿlèf. Fs bfràrgfs l`gs `prfprgòfs p`r` su` utgigz`åèf sèf o`s trís îs sctc bfr`s, o`s qugkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s, o`s fkzc îs qugkzc bfr`s c o`s sctc îs fkzc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Xu` jifr`åèf fhfrrc kf lís oc l`gf c f lçtfof l`gs gkoghòf p`r` ` prcp`r`åèf of jifrì ç `tr`vçs

84

o` jcrvur` (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8).

:. :.0. 0.00 00 Cil, Silus pr prfhcr fhcr` `, (kflc pfpui`r= filf), cstc jifrì

tr`z tr`kqugigoòc î lcktc, rcstùr`kof ` sceur`kå` pcrogo` (BFU@TO, 0774). Gkoghòf t`ldçl p`r` ofrcs jìsgh`s. Tcst`dcichc fs lfvglcktfs cl ocscqugiìdrgf hflf f lctì, ` àeu` c f jfef. @tu`kof kfs lcrgog`kfs hfrrcspfkocktcs hflf f puilèf c gktcstgkf erfssf, rgl c dcxge` c hfr`åèf c gktcstgkf ocieòf. Xcus bfràrgfs oc l`gfr cjghàhg` sèf o`s trís bfr`s `tç `s sctc, o`s qugkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s c o`s fkzc îs qugkzc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). @ lòcgr` oc ocstc stc jifrì ç utgigzò` pp`r` `r` ` hfkjchåèf oc k`vgfs, ocvgof î su` ourcz`, rcsgstíkhg`. Ocpckockof of higl`, su` jifr`åèf sc oà cktrc jcvcrcgrf ` `drgi c ` prcp`r`åèf l`gs gkoghò` p`r` f jifrì ç `tr`vçs of lçtfof oc jcrvur` (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :. :.0. 0.04 04 Ec Ecktg ktg `k, Ecktg`k` `l`rcii` , (kflc pfpui`r= eckhg`k`,

eckhg`k` `l`re`), tr`t` f ocsäkglf, ` lci`khfig`, ` jr`qucz` `pøs ul` gkjchåèf c ` jìt` oc gktcrcssc pfr ìglcktf, tr`zckof f `kglì î pcrscvcr`kå` c kfrlfjèg` (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Gkoghòf p`r` ocprcssócs, ofckå`s hrÿkgh`s c hfkvìcshíkhg` (^@X_FTGKF, 0774). Tccqugigdr`l fs lfvglcktfs hflf àeu` c tcrr`, c scus lcrgog`kfs hfrrcspfkocktcs hflf rgl c dcxge`, d`åf, päkhrc`s c cstflèf. Fs bfràrgfs l`gs gkoghòfs p`r` sc tcr ul` lcibfr `tu`åèf of jifrì sèf o`s qugkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s fu o`s sctc îs fkzc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Cst` jifr ç tìpgh` oc iue`rcs ìtfs, hflf tfpfs oc lfkt`kb`s. Xu` jifr`åèf sc oà oc èfstf ` futudrf c ` gkogh`åèf p`r` ` prcp`r`åèf of jifrì ç f lçtfof sfi`r (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8).

88

:. :.0. 0.08 08 Efrsc, Sicx curf curfp`cus p`cus , (kflc pfpui`r= urzc, tfmf),

tr`t` lci`khfig` c ocscspcr`kå` `dsfiut`, tr`zckof `f `kglì ` pcrscvcr`kå`, rcsgstíkhg` c vgtìgoòc (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Xceukof ` igtcr`tur`, cstc jifrì ç gkoghòf p`r` gkìhgf oc tr`t`lcktf oc ofckå`s hrÿkgh`s (^@X_FTGKF, 0774). Fs lfvglcktfs ckvfivgofs cl ocscqugiìdrgf sèf ` àeu` c ` tcrr`, ìtcr`kof scus lcrgog`kfs hfrrcspfkocktcs hflf f rgl c dcxge`, d`åf, päkhrc`s c cstÿlèf. Xu` lcibfr cjghàhg` sc oà o`s qugkzc bfr`s `s oczckfvc c o`s sctc îs fkzc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Xupfrt` gkvcrkf, jrgf c kcvc. Xu` jifr`åèf sc oà cktrc `drgi c l`gf c ` prcp`r`åèf l`gs gkoghò` ç f lçtfof sfi`r (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :.0.0? Bc`tbcr, Hìiuk` vuie`rgs , (kflc pfpui`r= crgh`),

gkoghòf p`r` `kgl`gs quc j`zcl d`ruibf p`r` hb`l`r ` `tckåèf fu pfr scktgrcl sfigoèf, tr`zckof hìl` c oflìkgf oc sg (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Ckhfktr`-sc cl ocscqugiìdrgf ocscqugiìdrgf fs ciclcktfs lòcgr` c jfef, ìtcr`kof fs lcrgog`kfs hflf jìeòf c vcsìhui` dgig`r, hfr`åèf c gktcstgkf ocieòf. Xu` lcibfr cjghàhg` fhfrrc o`s vgktc c trís bfr`s îs trís bfr`s c o`s fkzc îs qugkzc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Xu` jifr`åèf sc oà oc muibf ` sctcldrf (vcrèf), sckof l`gs gkoghò`, ` prcp`r`åèf of jifrì `tr`vçs of lçtfof sfi`r (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :.0.03

Bfiiy,

Gicx

`qugjfigul , (kflc pfpui`r= `zcvgkbf,

`zcvgkb`), gkoghòf p`r` `kgl`gs ocshfkjgòfs, fu scm`, cl cstòf oc ìcrt`. Cic rcstgtug ` tficräkhg` (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Cstèf cl ocscqugiìdrgf fs ciclcktfs hflf jfef, lòcgr` c tcrr`, ìtcr`kof scus lcrgog`kfs hflf hfr`åèf c

8?

gktcstgkf ocieòf (jfef), jìeòf c vcsìhui` dgig`r (lòcgr`), d`åf,

päkhrc`s c cstÿlèf (tcrr`). @tu`l lcibfr o`s fkzc îs qugkzc bfr`s, o`s vgktc c trís `s trís bfr`s fu o`s sctc îs fkzc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Xu` jifr`åèf fhfrrc cktrc l`gf ` mukbf c f lçtfof p`r` prcp`r`åèf of jifrì l`gs gkoghòf ç f o` jcrvur` (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :. :.0. 0.0: 0: Bfkcysuhaic, Ifkghcr` Ifk ghcr` h`prgjf igul , (kflc pfpui`r=

lòrcssgiv`, lòrcssgiv` ofs m`rogks), p`r` `kgl`gs hfl ogjghuioòc cl sc ò`pt`rcl ` kfv`s hgrhukstäkhg`s, pfr cxclpif, luo`kå` oc h`s` (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Fs lfvglcktfs ckhfktròfs cl ocscqugiìdrgf sèf ` tcrr`, f jfef c ` àeu`, ìtcr`kof fs lcrgog`kfs hfrrcspfkocktcs hflf d`åf, päkhrc`s c f cstÿlèf, hfr`åèf c gktcstgkf ocieòf, rgl c dcxge`. Fs bfràrgfs oc l`gfr cjcgtf ocstc jifrì sèf= o`s sctc îs fkzc bfr`s, o`s fkzc îs qugkzc bfr`s c o`s qugkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Xu` jifr`åèf sc oà oc mukbf ` èfstf c ` prcp`r`åèf l`gs gkoghò` ç `tr`vçs of lçtfof oc jcrvur` (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :.0.05

Bfrkcdc`l,

H`rpgkus

dctuius ,

(kflc

pfpui`r=

h`rp`), tr`t` ` jr`qucz`, gkh`p`hgoòc oc j`zcr quìqucr `tgvgoòc ocvgof `f h`ks`åf fu jòge`, tr`zckof `f `kglì ` vgtìgoòc (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). _`ldçl ç ul cxhcicktc jifrì p`r` hfkvìcshcktcs (^@X_FTGKF, 0774). Xceukof ^ùifk (0770), fs lfvglcktfs cl ocscqugiìdrgf sèf ` àeu` c ` tcrr`, c scus lcrgog`kfs hfrrcspfkocktcs icv`l ` ìtcr`åócs kfs rgks c dcxge` (àeu`), d`åf, päkhrc`s c cstÿlèf (tcrr`). Fs bfràrgfs l`gs gkoghòfs p`r` su` utgigz`åèf sèf o`s qugkzc bfr`s `s oczckfvc c o`s sctc îs fkzc bfr`s. F jifrì

83

prfvçl oc ul` àrvfrc lugtf jfrtc, rcsgstcktc c er`koc. Xu`

ìtur` v`g oc qugkzc ` trgkt` lctrfs, sceukof rci`tòf pfr ^`rfkg (4>>8). Xu` jifr`åèf sc oà cktrc `drgi ` l`gf c ` prcp`r`åèf l`gs gkoghò` p`r` ` fdtckåèf of jifrì ç `tr`vçs o` jcrvur`. :. :.0. 0.02 02 Glp`tgcks , Glp`tgcks ei`kou ei `kouigj igj cr`, (kflc pfpui`r=

dcgmgkbf, dcgmf), pfr cst` jifr `drgr scu dftèf oc jfrl` drush` c cxpcigr pco`åfs oc hàpsui` quc rcvcstc ` jifr ` hcrt` ogstäkhg`, o`kof î pi`kt` ` pcrsfkìgoòc oc glpuisf, ureíkhg`, rgtlf `hcicròf (^@X_FTGKF, 0774). Cst` jifr tr`t` ` glp`hgíkhg`, ` grrgt`dgigoòc c ` jìt` oc hffpcr`åèf, rcstgtugkof ` p`hgíkhg`, ` hìl`, c prflfvc ` hffpcr`åèf of `kglì kf erupf fkoc cic sc ckhfktr` (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Cstcs sgk`gs hflpfrt`lckt`gs pfocl icv`r ` gksÿkg`, prfdicl`s ogecstørgfs fu hfktr`åócs lushui`rcs. Cst` jifr t`ldçl hflpóc f Tcshuc Tclcoy, pfr su` prfprgcoòc oc rci`x`lcktf oc tcksócs

(^@X_FTGKF, 0774). Cstc jifrì tr`z cjcgtfs tr`kqugigz`ktcs, tr`zckof kfv`lcktc ` cst`dgigoòc of `kglì (BFU@TO, 0774). F jfef, ` lòcgr` c ` tcrr` sèf fs lfvglcktfs quc sc ckhfktr`l cl ocscqugiìdrgf, rcjictgkof, pfrt`ktf, fs lcrgog`kfs hfrrcspfkocktcs hflf hfr`åèf c gktcstgkf ocieòf (jfef), jìeòf c vcsìhui` dgig`r (lòcgr`) c päkhrc`s, d`åf c cstÿlèf (tcrr`). Fs bfràrgfs hfksgocròfs ’kfdrcs“ sèf o`s fkzc îs qugkzc bfr`s, o`s vgktc c trís `s trís bfr`s c o`s sctc îs fkzc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Xu` jifr`åèf sc oà oc muibf ` sctcldrf c f lçtfof sfi`r ç f l`gs gkoghòf p`r` ` prcp`r`åèf of jifrì (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8).

:. :.0. 0.07 07 I`rh I`rhb, b, I`rg I`rgx x ochgo u` (kflc pfpui`r= i`rgx), tr`t` ` pcro`

8:

oc hfkjg`kå`, bcsgt`åèf c lcof, rcstùr`kof ` hfkjg`kå`

(ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Fs lfvglcktfs cl ocscqugiìdrgf sèf f jfef, ìtcr`kof f lcrgog`kf hfrrcspfkocktc (hfr`åèf c gktcstgkf ocieòf), ` àeu` (rgl c dcxge`) c ` tcrr` (päkhrc`s, d`åf c cstÿlèf). Fs bfràrgfs l`gs gkoghòfs p`r` ` utgigz`åèf ocstc jifrì sèf o`s fkzc îs qugkzc bfr`s, o`s qugkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s c o`s sctc îs fkzc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Xu` jifr`åèf fhfrrc oc `drgi ` l`gf c f lçtfof l`gs gkoghòf p`r` ` prcp`r`åèf ocstc jifrì ç ` jcrvur` (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :. :.0. 0.4> 4> Lgluius , Lgluius eut t`tus , (kflc pfpui`r= lgluius,

dcrrf), tr`t` `kgl`gs hfl lcof o`s hfgs`s hfkbchgo`s, tglgocz c `h`kb`lcktf, rcstùr`kof ` hfrècl (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX , 0777). F lcof `qug ocshrgtf kèf ç sclcib`ktc `f lcof ocshrgtf kf jifrì Tfha Tfsc, pfgs cstc `p`rchc cl sgtu`åócs l`gs hfluks of og` ` og` (^@X_FTGKF, 0774). Xceukof ^ùifk (0770), fs lfvglcktfs cl ocscqugiìdrgf sèf ` àeu` c f jfef, ìtcr`kof, pfrt`ktf, fs lcrgog`kfs of rgl c o` dcxge`, of hfr`åèf c of gktcstgkf ocieòf. Fs bfràrgfs l`gs gkoghòfs p`r` sc tcr ul` lcibfr rcspfst` sèf o`s qugkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s c o`s fkzc îs qugkzc bfr`s. Xceukof rci`tfs, jfg ` prglcgr` jifr ocshfdcrt` pcif Or. D`hb, hfl jgks lcoghgk`gs, pfr vfit` oc 0742. Xu` jifr`åèf sc oà oc muibf ` èfstf c ` prcp`r`åèf l`gs gkoghò` p`r` ` fdtckåèf of jifrì ç `tr`vçs f lçtfof sfi`r (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :. :.0. 0.40 40 Lust`ro , Xgk`pg Xgk`pgs s `rvcksg s , (kflc pfpui`r= lfst`ro`,

lfst`ro` scivècl), tr`t` ocprcssèf scl hùs` `p`rcktc, rcstgtugkof scrckgoòc c `h`d`kof hfl ` lci`khfig` (trgstcz`)

85

(ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). @ Lust`ro cstà gkoghò` p`r`

tr`t`r ocprcssócs prfjuko`s, l`s ocvc scr ogjcrckhgò` of jifrì Ecktg`k, pfgs hflf mà jfg ogtf, f Ecktg`k tr`t` hùs`s hfkbchgo`s (^@X_FTGKF, 0774). Cl ocscqugiìdrgf ckhfktr`lsc f jfef, ` àeu` c ` tcrr`, hfrrcspfkockof `fs lcrgog`kfs hflf hfr`åèf c gktcstgkf ocieòf, rgl c dcxge`, d`åf, päkhrc`s c cstÿlèf. Xcus bfràrgfs oc lcibfr `åèf sèf o`s fkzc îs qugkzc bfr`s, o`s qugkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s c o`s sctc îs fkzc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770) Xu` jifr`åèf ç cktrc fs lcscs oc l`gf ` mukbf c f lçtfof l`gs gkoghòf p`r` ` prcp`r`åèf of jifrì ç `tr`vçs o` jcrvur` (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :. :.0. 0.44 44 F` Fà, a, Pucrhu Pucrhus s rfdu rf dur r , (kflc pfpui`r= h`rvìbf, h`rvìbf

o` Curfp`), tr`t` ` gkjicxgdgigoòc, ` jfrå` of `kglì jrcktc ` sgtu`åócs oc ofr fu sfjrglcktf. Oc hcrt` jfrl`, tr`t` `kgl`gs jfrtcs c hfr`mfsfs. F jifrì tr`z ` h`p`hgoòc oc rcsgigíkhg` (h`p`hgoòc oc supcr`r prfdicl`s), rfdustcz, jfrå` c vgefr (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). @ àeu`, f jfef c f lctì, sèf fs lfvglcktfs

rci`hgfkòfs

quc

cstèf

cl

ocscqugiìdrgf,

hfrrcspfkockof `fs lcrgog`kfs hflf rgl c dcxge`, hfr`åèf c gktcstgkf ocieòf, puilèf c gktcstgkf erfssf. Xu` cjghàhg` sc j`z o`s qugkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s, o`s fkzc îs qugkzc bfr`s fu o`s trís îs sctc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Xu` jifr`åèf fhfrrc oc `drgi ` l`gf c f lçtfof sfi`r ç f l`gs gkoghòf p`r` ` prcp`r`åèf of jifrì (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG , 4>>8). :.0.48 :.0 .48 Figv c, Fic` cur curfp fpc` c`, (kflc pfpui`r= figvcgr`), tr`t`

cxùstèf jìsgh` (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Cstc h`ks`åf lckhgfkòf ç ogjcrcktc of h`ks`åf ocshrgtf kf jifrì Bfrkdc`l, pfgs kcstc ç ` jòge` lcktì, kf Figvc ç cxùstèf

82

pfr csjfråf, cxhcssf oc tr`dìbf, cxcrhìhgf jìsghf (BFU@TO,

0774). Fs lfvglcktfs quc cstèf cl ocscqugiìdrgf sèf ` àeu`, f jfef, f lctì c ` tcrr`, ìtcr`kof, pfrt`ktf f rgl c dcxge`, hfr`åèf c gktcstgkf ocieòf, puilèf c gktcstgkf erfssf, päkhrc`s, d`åf c cstÿlèf, rcspchtgv`lcktc. Fs bfràrgfs l`gs gkoghòfs p`r` ` cjghàhg` ocstc jifrì sèf o` qugkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s, o`s fkzc îs qugkzc bfr`s, o`s trís îs sctc bfr`s fu o`s sctc îs fkzc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). @ Figvc ç k`tgv` ofs p`ìscs lcogtcrräkcfs. Xcu jrutf ç ` `zcgtfk`. Xu` jifr`åèf sc oà oc l`gf ` mukbf (prgl`vcr`) c ` prcp`r`åèf l`gs gkoghò` p`r` ` prcp`r`åèf of jifrì ç `tr`vçs of lçtfof sfi`r (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :.0.4?

^gkc,

^gkus

syivcstrgs ,

(kflc pfpui`r= pgkbcgrf sgivcstrc, pgkbf sgivcstrc), tr`t` scktglcktf oc huip`, rcstgtugkof

` `tgtuoc pfsgtgv` (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Ocscqugigdr`kof fs lfvglcktfs of jfef c tcrr`, ìtcr`kof, pfrt`ktf fs lcrgog`kfs hflf hfr`åèf c gktcstgkf ocieòf c d`åf, päkhrc`s c cstÿlèf. Fs bfràrgfs l`gs gkoghòfs p`r` su` utgigz`åèf sèf o` ul` îs qugkzc bfr`s c o`s sctc îs fkzc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Xu` jifr`åèf sc oà cl l`gf, gkìhgf oc mukbf c f lçtfof utgigzòf p`r` ` prcp`r`åèf of jifrì ç `tr`vçs o` jcrvur` (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :. :.0. 0.43 43 Tc Tco o H Hbcstk bcstk ut ut,, @cshu @cshuiu ius s h`rkc`, (kflc pfpui`r=

h`st`kbcgr` vcrlcib`), tr`t` f lcof, ` prcfhup`åèf cxhcssgv` hfl rci`åèf ` futrfs `kgl`gs fu pcssf`s c f hflpfrt`lcktf supcr prftctfr1 hfl cstc jifrì ç pfssìvci rcstgtugr f `kglì ocss` sgtu`åèf oc clcreíkhg` cl quc cic sc ckhfktr` (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Gkoghòf t`ldçl p`r` `kgl`gs

87

quc sfjrcl oc `ksgcoòc fu lcof oc futrfs `kgl`gs fu scrcs

bul`kfs. Ckhfktr`l cl ocscqugigdr`l fs lfvglcktfs rci`hgfkòfs `f lctì c ` tcrr`, ocscqugiìdrgf f puilèf c gktcstgkf erfssf, d`åf, päkhrc`s c cstÿlèf. Fs bfràrgfs l`gs gkoghòfs p`r` su` utgigz`åèf sèf o`s trís îs sctc bfr`s fu o`s sctc îs fkzc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Xu` jifr`åèf sc oà cktrc jgkì oc l`gf ` hflcåf oc mukbf, sckof, pfrt`ktf l`gs gkoghòf f lçtfof o` jcrvur` (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :. :.0. 0.4: 4: Tfha Tfsc, Bc Bcig`kt ig`kt bclu bclul l ku kullu llu i`rg i`rgul ul , (kflc

pfpui`r= egr`ssfi of h`lpf, rfs` rupcstrc), tr`t` lcof, päkghf c tcrrfr `dsfiutf, rcstgtugkof ` hfrècl, ` dr`vur` c ` hìl` (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Cstc lcof ç tr`ksgtørgf c hùsòf pfr ogvcrsfs lftgvfs. Ç ogjcrcktc of Lgluius, pfgs cstc ç gkoghòf p`r` tfofs fs lcofs hfkbchgofs. F Tfha Tfsc, t`ldçl hflpóc f Tcshuc Tclcoy (BFU@TO, 0774). Tc`must`l fs lfvglcktfs hflf ` àeu` c ` lòcgr`, tr`zckof, pfrt`ktf, f cqugiìdrgf `f rgl c dcxge`, jìeòf c vcsìhui` dgig`r. Xcu bfràrgf oc l`gfr cjghàhg` ç o`s qugkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s c o`s vgktc c trís `s trís bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Cst` jifr ç hfkbchgo` hflf ` jifr of sfi c su` jifr`åèf sc oà cktrc mukbf ` sctcldrf, sckof, pfrt`ktf, gkoghòf ` prcp`r`åèf pcif lçtfof sfi`r (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :.0.45 :.0 .45 Tfha U`tcr , (kflc pfpui`r= àeu` o` rfhb`, àeu` o`

jfktc), cstc, kèf sc tr`t` oc ul` cssíkhg` jifrì c sgl oc àeu` lgkcrì fu àeu` oc pfåf. Ç hfkbchgo` pcif scu pfocr oc hur`, tr`t`kof rgegocz, scvcrgoòc c rcprcssèf. Cl ecrì, tr`z jicxgdgigoòc, cspfkt`kcgoòc, lìc`dgigoòc c ofåur` `f `kglì (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Tcstùr` sceukof ^ùifk (0770),

?>

` àeu`, ` tcrr` c f lctì, cqugigdr`kof fs lcrgog`kfs

hfrrcspfkocktcs hflf rgl c dcxge`, d`åf, päkhrc`s c cstÿlèf, puilèf c gktcstgkf erfssf. Fs bfràrgfs l`gs gkoghòfs p`r` ` utgigz`åèf ocstc jifrì ç o`s qugkzc bfr`s `s oczckfvc, o`s sctc îs fkzc bfr`s fu o`s trís îs sctc bfr`s. Xceukof ` igtcr`tur`, f gocì ç quc cst` àeu` scm` hfictò` cktrc mukbf c muibf c scm` prcp`ròf ` sudst`khg` `tr`vçs of lçtfof sfi`r (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :.0.42 Xhicr`ktbus, Xhicr`ktbus `kkuus , (kflc pfpui`r=

cshicr`ktf), tr`t` ` gkhcrtcz` c f ocscqugiìdrgf, rcstgtugkof `ldfs (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Cstc jifrì tr`t` rci`åócs cxtrcl`s hflf bgpcr`tgvgoòc fu `p`tg`, trgstcz` fu ìcerg`. Tcst`dcichc lfvglcktfs cl ocscqugiìdrgf hflf ` tcrr`, ` àeu` c f jfef, tr`zckof f cqugiìdrgf `fs lcrgog`kfs hfrrcspfkocktcs hflf d`åf, päkhrc`s c cstÿlèf, rgl c dcxge`, hfr`åèf c gktcstgkf ocieòf. Fs bfràrgfs oc lcibfr cjghàhg` sèf o`s sctc îs fkzc bfr`s, o`s qugkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s fu o`s fkzc îs qugkzc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Cst` pi`kt` jfg ` kfk` cssíkhg` ` scr ocshfdcrt`, p`r` jgks lcoghgk`gs. Ci` ç lugtf pcquck`, hrcshckof oc jfrl` rcktc `f hbèf c jfrl` ul cl`r`kbòf, pfgs kèf pfssug ogrcåèf hcrt`. Tchcdcu cstc kflc pfr scr ul` jifr our`, rìego` (shicrf), hfl ul jfrl`tf oc cstrci` oc hgkhf pfkt`s. Xu` jifr`åèf sc oà oc muibf ` sctcldrf, sckof gkoghòf, pfrt`ktf f lçtfof sfi`r p`r` ` fdtckåèf of jifrì (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :. :.0. 0.47 47 Xt` Xt`rr fj Dctbicbcl, Frkgtb Frkgtbfeìul feìul ul dcii`tul ,

(kflc pfpui`r= cstrci` oc Dciçl, icgtc oc eìgkb`), tr`t` `s jfrl`s oc hbfquc lcktì, clfhgfkì fu jìsghf, tr`zckof `

?0

hìl` cl kìvcgs jìsghf, clfhgfkì c lcktì (ET@B@K c

ZI@LGX, 0777). _`ldçl ç ul ofs jifr`gs quc hflpóc f Tcshuc Tclcoy (BFU@TO, 0774). @tu` kfs lfvglcktfs

hflf jfef, cst`dgigz`kof hfr`åèf c gktcstgkf ocieòf1 àeu`, cst`dgigz`kof rgl c dcxge`1 lctì, rccqugigdr`kof puilèf c gktcstgkf erfssf1 c tcrr`, tr`zckof f cqugiìdrgf `f d`åf, päkhrc`s c cstÿlèf. Fs bfràrgfs l`gs gkoghòfs sèf o`s fkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s, o`s trís îs fkzc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Cst` jifr vcl ofs iìrgfs, su` jifr`åèf fhfrrc oc `drgi ` l`gf (prgl`vcr`) c f lçtfof l`gs gkoghòf p`r` su` prcp`r`åèf ç f o` jcrvur` (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :. :.0. 0.8> 8> Xwcc Xwcctt H Hbcst bcstkut kut , H` H`st`kc` st`kc` s`tgv `, (kflc pfpui`r=

h`st`kb` s`tgv`, h`st`kbcgrf o` Curfp`), tr`t` ` `keýstg` lcktì cxtrcl`, tr`zckof ` pcrscvcr`kå` c ` rcsgstíkhg` lcslf cl lcgf î `jigåèf (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Xclcib`ktc `f @erglfky, l`s oc ul` jfrl` l`gs scvcr` (BFU@TO, 0774). Tcst`dcichc f lfvglcktf of jfef, of lctì c o` àeu` c scus lcrgog`kfs hfrrcspfkocktcs hflf hfr`åèf c gktcstgkf ocieòf, puilèf c gktcstgkf erfssf c rgl c dcxge`. B`vcrà l`gfr cjghàhg` kfs bfràrgfs hflf o`s fkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Xu` jifr`åèf fhfrrc oc mukbf ` èfstf c f lçtfof o` jcrvur` ç f l`gs gkoghòf p`r` ` prcp`r`åèf of jifrì (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :. :.0. 0.80 80 Zc Zcrv`g rv`gk, k, Zcrd Zcrdck` ck` fjj ghg kìg kìgs s , (kflc pfpui`r= vcrd`k`,

crv` oc jcrrf), tr`t` f cktusg`slf fu csjfråf cxhcssgvf, tr`zckof ` lfocr`åèf (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Cl ecrì, sèf `kgl`gs bgpcr`tgvfs, cstèf cl er`koc `tgvgoòc (BFU@TO, 0774). Àeu`, jfef c lòcgr` sèf fs ciclcktfs quc sc

?4

ckhfktr`r`l cl ocscqugiìdrgf, sckof hfrrcspfkocktcs, fs

lcrgog`kfs, quc cst`rg`l ìtcròfs fs rgks c ` dcxge`, f jìeòf c ` vcsìhui` dgig`r, f hfr`åèf c f gktcstgkf erfssf. Fs lcibfrcs bfràrgfs p`r` ` òlgkgstr`åèf of jifrì sèf o`s qugkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s, o`s vgktc c trís `s trís bfr`s fu o`s fkzc îs qugkzc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Xu` jifr`åèf sc oà oc muibf ` sctcldrf (vcrèf) c f lçtfof l`gs òcquòf p`r` ` prcp`r`åèf of jifrì ç `tr`vçs of lçtfof sfi`r (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :.0.84 Zgkc, Zgtgs vgkgjcr`, (kflc pfpui`r= vgocgr`), tr`t`

tclpcr`lcktf oflgkòfr, gktglgoòfr c tcrrgtfrgìgst`, tr`zckof î tfk`, quìgoòcs pfsgtgv`s o` igocr`kå` (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Cstc jifrì kèf rctgr`rà f scktglcktf oc igocr`kå`, l`s `muo`rà kf ckhfktrf of cqugiìdrgf (BFU@TO, 0774). Xceukof ^ùifk (0770), fs lfvglcktfs quc cst`rg`l cl ocscqugiìdrgf sèf ` àeu`, lòcgr` c f jfef, rci`hgfk`kof, pfrt`ktf rgl c dcxge`, jìeòf c vcsìhui` dgig`r, hfr`åèf c gktcstgkf ocieòf. Fs bfràrgfs oc l`gfr gkogh`åèf p`r` ` su` utgigz`åèf sèf o`s qugkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s, o`s vgktc c trís `s trís bfr`s fu o`s fkzc îs qugkzc bfr`s. Xu` jifr`åèf sc oà cl l`gf c f lçtfof l`gs òcquòf p`r` ` cxtr`åèf of jifrì ç f sfi`r (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :. :.0. 0.88 88 U` Uìk ikut, ut, Mue i`ks rceg rceg` `, (kflc pfpui`r= kfeucgr`), tr`t`

ogjghuioòcs oc ò`pt`åèf ` kfv`s hgrhukstäkhg`s, cstglui`kof ` h`p`hgoòc oc sc ò`pt`r ` luo`kå`s (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Cl ecrì, fs lfvglcktfs hfrrcspfkocktcs sèf f jfef c ` àeu`, ìtcr`kof f hfr`åèf c f gktcstgkf ocieòf, f rgl c ` dcxge`. ^`r` lcibfr `tu`åèf ocstc jifrì, fs bfràrgfs l`gs gkoghòfs p`r` ` òlgkgstr`åèf o` orfe` sèf o`s fkzc îs

?8

qugkzc bfr`s fu o`s qugkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s (^@SIFK,

0770). Xcu jrutf ç ` kfz, hflcstìvci, quc hfksulglfs k` çpfh` oc K`tì. Xcu fofr ç h`r`htcrìstghf er`å`s ` ul øicf vfiàtgi, quc ç ckhfktròf cl su`s jfib`s. Xu` jifr`åèf sc oà oc `drgi ` l`gf (prgl`vcr`) c f lçtfof l`gs gkoghòf p`r` ` prcp`r`åèf of jifrì ç f o` jcrvur` (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :.0.8? U`tcr Zgfict, Bfttfkg` pìustrgs , (kflc pfpui`r=

bfttfkg`, vgfict` o àeu`), tr`t` hflpfrt`lcktfs `rrcogfs c rcscrvòfs, ocgx`kof f `kglì l`gs sfhgàvci (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Tcst`dcichc f lctì c ` àeu`, tr`zckof cqugiìdrgf `f puilèf c `f gktcstgkf erfssf, `f rgl c ` dcxge`. Xcu bfràrgf oc lcibfr `tu`åèf scrg` o`s trís îs sctc bfr`s fu o`s qugkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Cstc jifrì prfvçl oc ul` pi`kt` `quàtgh`, sckof mustgjghòf f kflc U`tcr Zgfict. Xèf ckhfktrò`s oc l`gf ` mukbf c ` prcp`r`åèf

l`gs gkoghò` ç `tr`vçs of lçtfof sfi`r (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :. :.0. 0.83 83 Ubgtc Hbc Hbcstku stkut, t, @cshuiu @cshuius s bgp bgppfh`st`kul pfh`st`kul , (kflc

pfpui`r= h`st`kbcgr` dr`kh`, h`st`kbcgr` o` ìkog`), tr`t` prcfhup`åèf (bul`kfs), gksÿkg`, rcstgtugkof ` h`p`hgoòc oc sc `qugct`r (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777), tr`zckof fs lfvglcktf quc ckhfktr`l-sc ocscqugigdròfs `f cqugiìdrgf. Xèf cics= ` àeu`, tcrr` c jfef, hfkscqucktclcktc, `fs lcrgog`kfs hflf fs rgl c ` dcxge`, f d`åf, f päkhrc`s c f cstÿlèf, f hfr`åèf c f gktcstgkf ocieòf. ^`r` tcr ul` `tu`åèf l`gs prchgs` fs bfràrgfs l`gs gkoghòfs sèf o`s qugkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s, o`s sctc îs fkzc bfr`s fu o`s fkzc îs qugkzc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Xcu jrutf ç ul` h`st`kb`,

??

kèf hflcstìvci, oc efstf `l`ref c lugtf usòf p`r` r`åèf oc

h`vìfs. Xu` jifr`åèf sc oà kf jgl oc l`gf, gkìhgf oc mukbf c f lçtfof sfi`r ç f l`gs gkoghòf p`r` ` prcp`r`åèf ocstc jifrì (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :. :.0. 0.8: 8: Ugio F F`t, `t, Dr Drfl flus us r`lfsu r`lfsus s , (kflc pfpui`r= `vcg`

sgivcstrc), tr`t` ` jìt` oc ogrcåèf of `kglì (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777), ` jìt` oc cktusg`slf (BFU@TO, 0774). ^`r` ^ùifk (0770), fs lfvglcktfs quc cstèf cl ocscqugiìdrgf sèf tcrr` c àeu`, tr`zckof, pfrt`ktf, ìtcr`åócs kf d`åf, kf päkhrc`s c kf cstÿlèf, kf rgl c k` dcxge`. F bfràrgf l`gs gkoghòf p`r` ` utgigz`åèf ocstc jifrì ç o`s sctc îs fkzc bfr`s fu o`s qugkzc îs oczckfvc bfr`s. ^rfvçl oc ul` er`lìkc` ckhfktrò` cl dfsqucs, hcrròfs, dcgr` oc cstrò`, hrcshckof cl tujfs. Xu` jifr`åèf sc oà cktrc muibf c èfstf c ` prcp`r`åèf gocì ç `tr`vçs of lçtfof sfi`r (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :.0.85 Ugio Tfsc, Tfs` h`kgk`, (kflc pfpui`r= rfs`

sgivcstrc), tr`t` rcsgek`åèf c `p`tg`, rcstgtugkof ` jfrå` vgtì c ` vfktòc oc vgvcr (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Ugio Tfsc tr`z f rccqugiìdrgf ofs lfvglcktfs rci`hgfkòfs î àeu` c `f jfef, rcst`dcichckof rgl c dcxge`, hfr`åèf c gktcstgkf ocieòf. Fs lcibfrcs bfràrgfs p`r` ` utgigz`åèf ocstc jifrì sèf o`s qugkzc bfr`s `s oczckfvc fu o`s fkzc îs qugkzc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). @ Ugio Tfsc ç ` rfs` k`tgv` o` Gkei`tcrr`. Hrcshc cl dcgr` oc h`lgkbfs, hcrh`s c dfsqucs. Xu` ìtur` hbce` ` `tç ul lctrf c hgkquckt` hcktìlctrfs. Xu` jifr`åèf fhfrrc oc mukbf ` èfstf c f lçtfof oc prcp`r`åèf l`gs gkoghòf ç o` jcrvur` (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8).

?3

:. :.0. 0.82 82 Ugiif w, Xìg Xìgx x vgt ciigk `, (kflc pfpui`r= sìeucgrf), tr`t` f

lù bulfr, rcstgtugkof, `ssgl, f dfl bulfr (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Fs lfvglcktfs cl ocscqugiìdrgf sèf f jfef, ocscqugigdr`kof hfr`åèf c gktcstgkf ocieòf, c ` tcrr`, ocscqugigdr`kof d`åf, päkhrc`s c cstÿlèf. Fs bfràrgfs l`gs gkoghòfs p`r` su` utgigz`åèf sèf o` fkzc îs qugkzc bfr`s fu o`s sctc îs fkzc bfr`s (^@SIFK, 0770). Xu` àrvfrc ç lugtf jicxìvci c hrcshc `s l`recks oc rgfs c rg`hbfs. Xu` jifr`åèf fhfrrc kf jgkì oc `drgi c kf gkìhgf oc l`gf. F lçtfof l`gs gkoghòf p`r` ` prcp`r`åèf of jifrì ç f oc jcrvur` (^@TFKG c ^@TFKG, 4>>8). :.4.0 Tcshuc Tclcoy ç f Jifrì Clcreckhgì, fu scm`, p`r`

quìqucr sgtu`åèf oc clcreíkhg`, hflf päkghf fu hbfquc clfhgfkì. Hfktçl hgkhf cssíkhg`s o`s trgkt` c fgtf mà hgtò`s= Hicl`tgs, Tfha Tfsc, Glp`tgcks, Hbcrry îul c Xt`r fj Dctbicbcl. Cstc jifrì pfocrà scr `ssfhgòf hfl l`gs hgkhf

jifrcs c tr`rà ` hìl`, f cqugiìdrgf `f `kglì, pfockof `gko` scr utgigzòf `pøs hrgscs hfkvuisgv`s, hgrureg`s c hgh`trgz`åèf oc jcrgo`s (^GK_F, 4>>2). ^`r` fs `kgl`gs ç f l`gs gkoghòf, pfgs `s sgtu`åócs oc hbfquc clfhgfkì, tcrrfr, lì cst`r cstèf dcl prcscktcs cl ìeuks, prgkhgpìlcktc cl `drgefs hfictgvfs (BFU@TO, 0774).

5

Hi` Hi`ssgjg ssgjg h`åèf ofs trg kt` c fgtf jif jifr`gs r`gs hfk hfkjfrl jfrl c fs sctc

?:

erupfs

Xceukof Bfw`ro (077>), fs jifr`gs oc D`hb jfr`l ogvgogofs cl sctc erupfs. Kcstcs erupfs, ckhfktr`l-sc èrupò`s `s jifrcs gkoghò`s p`r` fs sgk`gs ocshrgtfs. Lcof - Tfha Tfsc, Lgluius, Hbcrry îul, @spck, Tco Hbcstkut. Gkhcrtcz` ‘ Hcr`tf, Xhicr`ktbus, Ecktg`k, Efrsc, Bfrkcdc`l, Ugio F`t. Jìt` oc gktcrcssc - Hicl`tgs, Bfkcysuhaic, Ugio Tfsc, Figvc, Ubgtc Hbcstkut, Lust`ro, Hbcstkut Duo. Xfigoèf - U`tcr Zgfict, Glp`tgcks, Bc`tbcr. Ocs`kglòfs ‘ @erglfky, Hcktùry, Uìkut, Bfiiy. Bfiiy. Ocscspcrf   ‘ I`rhb, ^gkc, Cil, Xwcct Hbcstkut, Xt`r fj Dctbicbcl, Ocscspcrf Ugiifw, Fà, Hr`d @ppic. ^rcfhup`åèf cxhcssgv` hfl f dcl-cst`r oc tcrhcgrfs - Hbghfry, Zcrv`gk, Zgkc, Dcchb, Tfha U`tcr.

2

Hfkscrv`åèf of jàrl`hf

@ hfkscrv`åèf of lcogh`lcktf ocpckocrà oc ul` sçrgc oc j`tfrcs. Fs jr`shfs ocvcl scr dcl jchbòfs, l`ktgofs ifkec oc futrfs lcogh`lcktfs, hìfr, iuz, ulgoòc fu `rfl`s c t`ldçl ocvcl scr l`ktgofs ogst`ktcs oc `p`rcibfs quc clgt`l fko`s cictrflèkçtgh`s, hflf tcicvgsèf, cqugp`lcktfs oc sfl, hciui`rcs, hflputòfrcs, `r hfkoghgfkòf fu jfrkf oc lghrffko`s. Xu` vìgoòc ç oc trgkt` og`s, pfockof hbce`r ` kfvckt` og`s cl rcegócs l`gs jrg`s c hfl f usf oc dr`koy. ^`r` ` utgigz`åèf oc futrfs hfkscrv`ktcs f tclpf oc vìgoòc

sfjrcrà v`rg`åócs (_I@HB, 4>>2). 7

@pig h`åócs c cjc cjcgtf gtf of tr`t`lcktf

?5

F lçtfof oc `pigh`åèf l`gs cjgh`z ocpckocrà o` cspçhgc. ^fr cxclpif, k`s `vcs f l`gs gkoghòf ç òlgkgstr`r k` àeu` oc dcdcr, dcl hflf kfs hècs. @ ofsc pòrèf p`r` quìqucr cspçhgc ç qu`trf eft`s, ou`s vczcs `f og`. Cl h`sfs clcreckhg`gs, ` `pigh`åèf l`gs gkoghò` ç ogrct`lcktc k` h`vgoòc frì. ^focl scr utgigzòfs t`ldçl, hflprcss` sfdrc bcl`tfl`s, spr`ys ` scrcl dfrrgjòf kf `ldgcktc, tfrrèf oc `åýh`r p`r` scrcl hfifhòfs k` àeu`, d`kbfs fu ogrct`lcktc k` hflgo` (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). Fs `kgl`gs rcspfkocl hfl r`pgocz îs cssíkhg`s hfrrct`s, `s qu`gs sèf scichgfkò`s

lcog`ktc

f

rci`tf

of

tr`tòfr

hfl

rci`åèf

`f

hflpfrt`lcktf kèf hfksgocròf kfrlì, of `kglì. Fs cjcgtfs ocpckocrèf o`s sgtu`åócs k`s qu`gs f `kglì sc ckhfktr`, o` pcrsfkìgoòc of `kglì c o` òlgkgstr`åèf hfrrct`. @ rcspfst` `f tr`t`lcktf pfocrà scr oc ul` scl`k` ` trgkt` og`s (ET@B@K c ZI@LGX, 0777). 0>

Hflpfrt `lc `lcktf ktf @kgl ì

Fs hècs vgvcl cl ul` cstrutur` oc l`tgib`. Cst` l`tgib` pfssug ul iìocr. Cssc hflpfrt`lcktf sceuc rcsquìhgfs ofs scus `shckocktcs, fs ifdfs. Sl hèf cl ul `ldgcktc sclprc prfhur`rà pfr ul iìocr1 sc kèf bfuvcr, cic `ssulgrà cstc p`pci hflf hbcjc o` l`tgib`. K` psghfifeg` cxpcrglcktì f `kglì oflgk`ktc ç hb`lòf oc `kglì @ij` c fs ocl`gs, fs sudfrogkòfs, oc `kglì Dct` (^CTCGT@, 4>>2).

F hfkhcgtf oc oflgkäkhg` rcjictc ul` rci`åèf cktrc ofgs gkogvìoufs, quc

?2

gktcrècl cktrc sg. F hèf @ij`, p`r` sc glpfr, prfouz ` l`gfr p`rtc o`s

hflukgh`åócs c èrcssócs l`kgjcstò`s cktrc `ldfs fs `kgl`gs. Sl` vcz cst`dcichgo`s îs pfsgåócs bgcràrqugh`s, ` èrcssgvgoòc ocgx` oc cst`r prcscktc. F cstrcssc p`ss` ` scr l`gs jrcqucktc kfs gkogvìoufs oc lckfr kìvci bgcràrqughf, pfgs cst`rèf cl hfkst`ktc iut` pfr ul` vìfrgz`åèf of scu pfstf k` bgcr`rqug`, h`dckof `f hèf ìj` tr`kqùgigz`r f rcstf o` l`tgib` (^CTCGT@, 4>>2). Xceukof f @urçigf c Jcrrcgr` (072:), hflpfrt`lcktf ’ç ` l`kcgr` oc sc hflpfrt`r fu oc sc hfkouzgr“. Ç ul hfkmuktf oc `åócs oc ul gkogvìouf, kf h`sf `kglì, quc fdscrvàvcgs fdmctgv`lcktc. Xceukof ` psghfifeg` cxpcrglcktì, f hflpfrt`lcktf pfoc scr fdtgof ochfrrcktc ` ul cstìluif. F hflpfrt`lcktf `kglì ç f rcsuitòf o` gktcr`åèf ofs scktgofs, of sgstcl` kcrvfsf, ofs lýshuif-csquciçtghf c oc futr`s p`rtcs of hfrpf, j`zckof hfl quc quìqucr ìtcr`åèf rcsuitc cl ul hflpfrt`lcktf (O@UAGKX, 077?). ^`r` L`kkgke (0755), f hflpfrt`lcktf pfoc tcr ìtcr`åócs t`ktf jgsgfiøegh` qu`ktf psghfifegh`lcktc, fu scm`, p`r` `qucics quc cxpigh`l f prglcgrf

hflpfrt`lcktf

scrg`

o`s

ìtcr`åócs

rci`hgfkò`s

`f

jukhgfk`lcktf of sgstcl` kcrvfsf, mà kf h`sf o`s ìtcr`åócs psghfiøegh`s, b`vcrg` gkjiuíkhg`s `ldgckt`gs quc gkjiuckhg`rg`l kf hflpfrt`lcktf cxprcssòf pcif `kglì. Xckof quc f hflpfrt`lcktf `dr`kec `s pcrhcpåócs gktcrk` c cxtcrk` oc luo`kå`s hfrpfr`gs quc f `kglì `prcsckt` c rcspfkoc ` ci`s. Cl ecrì f hflpfrt`lcktf oc ul `kglì ç ò`pt`tgvf1 gssf fhfrrc fu pfr `prckogzòf fu pfr gkstgktf. Fs cstìluifs cxtcrkfs oc ul `kglì gkjiuckhg`l kf hflpfrt`lcktf c gkjiuckhg`rèf cl ul` rcspfst`

?7

(L@KKGKE, 0755).

0>.4 0> .4 ^rfdicl`s hflpfrt hflp frt `lckt`gs `lckt`gs

Ofs prfdicl`s hflpfrt`lckt`gs, bà ofgs erupfs1 f ofs `kgl`gs bgpcr`tgvfs, fu scm`, o`qucics `kgl`gs quc tíl ul hflpfrt`lcktf `hcicròf, kèf p`r`l qugctfs, qucrcrcl hb`l`r `tckåèf ` tfof f lflcktf, dush`l fdmctfs p`r` fs prfprgctàrgfs, ocstrfcl løvcgs, hbfr`lgke`l c i`tcl, (TFXXG, 4>>?)1 c f erupf ofs quc sc ckhfktr`l cl ocprcssèf, oclfkstr`kof sgk`gs hflf gk`dgigoòc cl cxchut`r jukåócs dgfiøegh`s, jìt` oc `pctgtc, `p`tg`, gsfi`lcktf sfhgì, icv`kof f hèf î oglgkugåèf o` gktcr`åèf c kèf oclfkstr`kof gktcrcssc pfr `tgvgoòcs quc `ktcs cr`l cstglui`ktcs p`r` cic, hflf p`sscgfs fu drgkhòcgr`s. drgkhòcgr `s. (DSTKGCT, 4>>3). Bà vàrgfs ogstýrdgfs hflpfrt`lckt`gs quc cstèf rci`hgfkòfs `f `kglì, hflf cxclpif= èrcssèf, `ksgcoòc oc scp`r`åèf, `pctgtc ocpr`vòf, fu scm`, `pctgtc pfr hfgs`s kèf kfrl`gs, `tf oc h`v`r hflpuisgv`lcktc, dush` pfr `tckåèf, hflpfrt`lcktf ocstrutgvf, `rr`kb`r fu lfrocr fdmctfs pcssf`gs, hfprfjèg`, ocl`rh`åèf tcrrgtfrgì, `prcsckt` ocrl`tgtc `hrì

prfvfhò` pfr i`ldcour` cxhcssgv`, ogsjukåèf hfekgtgv`, jfdg` ` d`ruibfs, bgpcr`tgvgoòc, tr`kstfrkfs hflpuisgvfs c sfks hflf ugvfs fu i`tgofs cxhcssgvfs (BFTUG_] c KCGIXFK, 4>>2). 0>.4. 0>. 4.0. 0.0 0 @e @ercssg rcssg vgo òc

Bà ogvcrsfs tgpfs oc èrcssgvgoòc cl ul `kglì, scm` pfr lcof, oflgkäkhg`, tr`ksjcríkhg` oc ifhì, `ldgcktc ogjcrcktc, prfdicl`s jìsghfs fu kcurfiøeghfs (TFXXG, 4>>4) fu `tç eckçtghfs. Xceukof

3>

Lgii`k (4>>5), ` Juko`åèf K`hgfkì oc ^csqugs` H`kgk`, cl 4>>3

rcegstrfu lugtfs h`sfs j`t`gs ckvfivckof hècs oc r`å`s hflf ^gt Duii, Tfttwcgicr , ^`stfr ìclèf, Hbfw hbfw, I`dròfr c bìdrgofs oc ifdfs, l`s gssf kèf sgekgjgh` quc tfof `kglì o`s r`å`s hgtò`s tcrèf prfpcksèf î èrcssgvgoòc, pfgs gkocpckocktc o` r`å`, pfoc b`vcr oclfkstr`åèf oc tì hflpfrt`lcktf sceukof ` sgtu`åèf cl quc f `kglì sc ckhfktr`. @ èrcssèf ç ul` `lc`å` fu ul` `åèf quc icsgfk` ` futrfs. Cl ecrì ` èrcssèf ç hùsò` pfr ocjcs` of `kglì fu pfr cic sc scktgr k` fjcksgv`. @ prglcgr` ç oc ul gkogvìouf ` futrf, hflf ul` `lc`å`1 cl ecrì css` èrcssèf fhfrrc pfr lcof, fu pfr hfkjigtf, ocjcs` oc tcrrgtørgf, prftcåèf fu ofr. Mà kf sceukof h`sf, ç ul` tckt`tgv` oc hfksceugr ìeul` v`ktècl î hust` oc futrf `kglì, hflf cxclpif, oflgkäkhg` (st`tus sfhgì), èrcssèf cktrc l`hbfs fu jílc`s, fu `tç èrcssèf prco`tørg` (BFTUG_] c KCGIXFK, 4>>2). Cstc tgpf oc hflpfrt`lcktf, èrcssgvf, ç ìef kfrlì cktrc fs hècs, l`s jrcktc ` ul` sgtu`åèf oc lcof, pfr cxclpif, pfoc scr ìef `kfrlì. @ àrc` of hçrcdrf quc cst` ckvfivgo` cl sgtu`åócs oc èrcssèf ç f bgpftài`lf, f sgstcl` iìldghf c f hørtcx jrfktì. H`sf b`m` ul ùlcktf o`s hfkhcktr`åócs oc scrftfkgk` hcrcdrì, pfoc ocsckhòc`r-sc ul` rc`åèf p`r` tì hflpfrt`lcktf (BFTUG_] c KCGIXFK, 4>>2). @ scrftfkgk` ç ul kcurftr`kslgssfr hcktrì quc gkjiuckhg` k` ofr, k` èrcssèf, kf hflpfrt`lcktf scxuì, k` tcrlfrrceui`åèf, k` gkecstèf oc ìglcktf, kf sfkf c k` lftgigoòc gktcstgkì, c cssc kýhicf scrftfkgkçreghf tcl prfmcåócs p`r` f hørtcx jrfktì, f quì pfoc rceui`r f bulfr, p`r` f eäkeigf d`sì, f quì pfoc hfktrfi`r fs lfvglcktfs c hflpfrt`lcktfs hflpuisgvfs, c

30

p`r` ` àrc` iìldgh`, ` quì ckvfivc ` `ksgcoòc c f päkghf

(_CIB@OF, ct. ì, 4>>?). Bà ìeuks j`tfrcs quc hfktrgducl p`r` cssc hflpfrt`lcktf èrcssgvf, hflf h`ríkhg` oc sfhgìgz`åèf, cxpcrgíkhg` kce`tgv` fu trùlàtgh`, `kglì quc pcrl`kchc pfr lugtf tclpf `hfrrcktòf, `kglì kèf h`stròf, `kgl`gs quc sèf òcstròfs p`r` tì `tgtuoc, hècs oc igkbècl èrcssgv` c quc sèf cstgluiòfs p`r` tì hflpfrt`lcktf, hflpfrt`lck tf, ìeuks `spchtfs jgsgfiøeghfs hflf ofr, grrgt`dgigoòc, ocshfkjfrtf fu prfdicl`s kcurfiøeghfs hflf bgorfckhcjìg`, prfdicl`s kcurfckoøhrgkfs, hflf bgpftgrcfgogslf, cldfr` fs `kgl`gs tckocl ` jgh`r `pàtghfs (BFTUG_] c KCGIXFK, 4>>2) c ckhcjìfp`tg` bcpàtgh`, t`ldçl hfkbchgo` hflf sbukts bcpàtghf, quc fhfrrc qu`kof `s hflukgh`åócs vìvui`rcs ocsvg`l f s`keuc o` hgrhui`åèf pfrtì, ogrct`lcktc p`r` ` hgrhui`åèf sgstílgh` scl ` p`ssècl pcif jìeòf (O@KMFS, ct ì, 4>>?1 DTSL, ct ì, 4>>5). 0>.4.0.4 @ercssèf ìglckt`r fu prco`tørg`

_ì hflpfrt`lcktf ç tgof hflf kfrlì sc cstgvcr ocktrf ofs iglgtcs. Cssc tgpf oc èrcssèf, cl ecrì cstà rci`hgfkòf ` ìglcktfs, v`sgib`s oc hflgo` c bà rci`åèf î sfdrcvgvíkhg` of `kglì hflf sc cstc cstgvcssc cl vgo` igvrc. Fs hflpfrt`lcktfs oclfkstròfs sèf rfskòfs, i`tgofs, `v`kåfs fu lfrogo`s prfprg`lcktc prfprg`lck tc ogt`s (BFTUG_] c KCGIXFK, 4>>2). F hflpfrt`lcktf prco`tørgf quc ìeuks hècs pfssucl hflf f `t`quc, ` pcrsceugåèf c ` lfrocour`, sflcktc tcrlgk` qu`kof ` prcs` kèf `prcsckt`r l`gs lfvglckt`åèf, gkogh`kof pfssìvci jue`, fu qu`kof f cstìluif kèf jfr jfrtc f sujghgcktc p`r` ocsckhòc`r f

34

hflpfrt`lcktf. Fs hècs oc lfof ecrì, jfrl`l l`tgib`s c h`å`l

`kgl`gs sgivcstrcs, prgkhgpìlcktc sc jfrcl oc vgo` igvrc. Hfl cssc hflpfrt`lcktf, `s hrg`kå`s sèf `s prgkhgp`gs vìtgl`s ofs `t`qucs oc `kgl`gs, pfgs p`r` f hèf, ` gktcrprct`åèf ç quc cic cstà vckof ul` pfssìvci prcs`. Cssc tgpf oc hflpfrt`lcktf v`rg` hfl ` r`å`, hfl hrg`åèf c hfl f tclpcr`lcktf gkogvgouì (I@K_]L@K, 4>>7). 0>.4. 0>. 4.0. 0.8 8 @e @ercssèf rcssèf ` bu l`kf l`kfs s c fu ` `kgl `gs

@ èrcssèf pfoc scr t`ktf ` scrcs bul`kfs qu`ktf ` futrfs `kgl`gs (TFHB@, 4>>2). @fs bul`kfs fhfrrc pfr prftcåèf tcrrgtfrgì, lcof fu `tç `ksgcoòc. Kèf cstà rci`hgfkòf hfl oflgkäkhg`. @ieuks gtcks hfktrgducl hfl cssc hflpfrt`lcktf, cktrc cics, jìt` oc sfhgìgz`åèf of `kglì hfl ogjcrcktcs tgpfs oc pcssf`s, cxpcrgíkhg`s trùlàtgh`s fu rcjfråf p`r` tì hflpfrt`lcktf. Mà kf h`sf of hflpfrt`lcktf èrcssgvf ` futrfs hècs, rci`hgfk` `f lcof, tcrrgtfrgìgoòc fu st`tus sfhgì (BFTUG_] c KCGIXFK, 4>>2).

0>.4. 0>. 4.0. 0.? ? @e @ercssèf rcssèf pf pfrr l lcof cof

@ sgtu`åèf oc `lc`å` p`r` ul hèf pfoc icv`r î èrcssèf pfr lcof. Cssc tgpf oc hflpfrt`lcktf icv` f `kglì, ` tcr ul` pfstur` hfrpfrì c cxprcssócs j`hg`gs h`r`htcrìstgh`s, hflf h`dcå` d`gx`, frcib` p`r` tràs, hùo` cktrc `s pcrk`s (BFTUG_] c KCGIXFK, 4>>2). Hècs quc `prcsckt`l cssc ogstýrdgf hflpfrt`lcktì sèf lugtf `ksgfsfs, kèf pcocl pfr h`rgkbf c prcjcrcl jgh`r gsfiòfs.

0>.4.0.3 @ercssèf tcrrgtfrgì

38

Cstc tgpf oc hflpfrt`lcktf fhfrrc hfl bul`kfs fu hfl `kgl`gs

quc kèf j`zcl p`rtc o` j`lìig` c quc cktr`l cl ul` àrc` k` quì futrf hèf cstgpuifu scr scu tcrrgtørgf. Css` àrc` pfoc scr ul m`rogl, ` h`s`, ul` h`l` fu quìqucr futrf iue`r fkoc f hèf sc sgkt` sceurf (BFTUG_] c KCGIXFK, 4>>2). 0>.4. 0>. 4.0. 0.: : @k sgcoò sgcoòc c eckcrìg z` zò` o`

@ `ksgcoòc of `kglì icv` ` rc`åócs jgsgfiøegh`s `ssfhgò`s `f lcof. F `kglì kèf hfksceuc rci`x`r c î lckfr luo`kå` oclfkstr` rc`åócs cxtrcl`s. J`tfrcs hflf r`å`, cxpcrgíkhg` oc sfhgìgz`åèf prchfhc, cxpcrgíkhg`s cxpcrgíkhg`s kce`tgv`s c jìt` oc cxpfsgåèf ` cstìluifs hfktrgducl hfl tì hflpfrt`lcktf (BFTUG_] c KCGIXFK, 4>>2). Fs sgk`gs hiàssghfs oc ul `kglì èrcssgvf pfocl scr vgstfs hflf pgifcrcåèf, fu scm`, pcifs `rrcpgòfs, ocktcs î lfstr`, ckh`r`r ` prcss` oc jrcktc, `d`k`r sflcktc ` pfkt` o` hùo`, l`ktcr `s frcib`s crct`s fu tftìlcktc `d`gxò`s fu frcib`s crct`s p`r` jrcktc, hùo` cicvò` c rct` c hfkt`tf vgsuì prfifkeòf (I@K_]L@K, 4>>7). 0>.4. 0>. 4.0. 0.5 5 @ks @ksgcoòc gcoòc oc s cp`r`åèf

@ `ksgcoòc oc scp`r`åèf ç ul` rcspfst` oc lì cst`r, quc ul hèf scktc qu`kof scp`ròf oc scu ’ofkf“ fu o` pcssf` quc cic ç l`gs `pceòf (BFTUG_] c KCGIXFK, 4>>2). @ieuks cvcktfs trùlàtghfs pfocl icv`r f `kglì ` ocsckhòc`r

3?

tì hflpfrt`lcktf, hflf pfr cxclpif, scp`r`åèf prchfhc o` lèc,

prgv`åèf prcl`tur` oc i`åfs hfl ` kgkbò`, lugtf hflul hfl jgibftc oc hècs l`ktgofs cl ifm`s fu `drgefs p`r` `kgl`gs, cl ul` luo`kå` sýdgt` oc `ldgcktc, hflf cxclpif, h`s` kfv` fu ul h`kgi, ` ògåèf oc ul kfvf lcldrf î j`lìig`, scm` cic `kglì fu bul`kf, cktrc futrfs. Kèf bà prcogspfsgåèf scxuì fu pfr r`å`. Hècs l`ktgofs cl h`kgs oc òfåèf tíl ul` prcogspfsgåèf l`gfr ` cssc tgpf oc `ksgcoòc (I@K_]L@K, 4>>7). Fs hècs pfocl oclfkstr`r vàrgfs sgk`gs hflf= ùlckt`r `s `tgvgoòcs, jgh`r hbfr`lgke`kof, e`kgkof, sfighgt`kof `tckåèf, jgh`r pui`kof c sceugkof f prfprgctàrgf fu ` pcssf` oc l`gfr `jgkgoòc. @ieuks pfocl trclcr fu oclfkstr`r èrcssèf c bà `kgl`gs quc cktr`l cl ul quòrf ocprcssgvf, scl hflcr fu dcdcr, pcrl`kchckof ocgtòfs. @pøs ` s`ìo` o` pcssf` ç hflul fs `kgl`gs oclfkstr`rcl sgk`gs hflf `rr`kb`r, h`v`r c l`stge`r pfrt`s c m`kci`s k` tckt`tgv` oc sceugr scu prfprgctàrgf fu fdmctfs oflçstghfs fu pcssf`gs hflf igvrfs, løvcgs, jgfs, p`rcocs, rfup`s fu quìqucr futrf quc cstcm` `f scu ìh`khc. Futrfs urgk`l c ocjch`l cl ifh`gs kèf `hcgtàvcgs (I@K_]L@K, 4>>7). Cssc prfdicl` hflpfrt`lcktì tcl tgof ul ùlcktf hfksgocràvci c hfl tfof cstìluif jgsgfiøeghf quc f `kglì sfjrc hflf òrckçreghf

c

kfròrckçreghf,

pfoc

icv`r

`

ìtcr`åócs

e`strfgktcstgk`gs (vÿlgtf), h`roì`hfs (t`qugh`rog`), rcspgr`tørgfs (ogspkçg`) fu `tç ùtflutgi`åèf (lfrocr c i`ldcr `s p`t`s fu futr` p`rtc oc hfrpf) (BFTUG_] c KCGIXFK, 4>>2). 0>.4. 0>. 4.0. 0.2 2 @pctg @pctgtc tc o ocpr`vòf cpr`vòf

33

F `pctgtc ocpr`vòf ç `qucic quc fhfrrc pci` gkecstèf oc hfgs`s

kèf ìglcktìhg`s, hflf cxclpif, gkecstèf oc pcor`, tchgof, jczcs (hfprfjèg`), `rcg`. _ì hflpfrt`lcktf pfoc fhfrrcr pfr `kclg`, ofckå`s e`strfgktcstgk`gs icv`kof î là ogecstèf, là `dsfråèf fu prfdicl`s bcpàtghfs hflf, pfr cxclpif, f Xbuk, l`s hfl rci`åèf î àrc` hflpfrt`lcktì, f `kglì pfoc cst`r sfjrckof oc tr`kstfrkf hflpuisgvf, hùsòf pfr `ksgcoòc fu cstrcssc (BFTUG_] c KCGIXFK, 4>>2). 0>.4. 0>. 4.0. 0.7 7 @tf oc h`v`r hfl puisg pu isg v`lcktc

Cssc hflpfrt`lcktf ç gk`tf c kfrlì ofs hècs c pfoc sc l`kgjcst`r ocsoc ul` sglpics drgkhòcgr` fu pfr ogstýrdgf hùsòf pfr `ksgcoòc. Puìqucr `kglì pfoc ocsckvfivcr cssc ogstýrdgf. Cl ecrì, fs `kgl`gs l`gs mfvcks fu hècs oc r`å` tcrrgcs, fu bfuko hflf fs o`hbsbuko, sèf l`gs prfpcksfs ` ocsckvfivcr tì hflpfrt`lcktf. @ jìt` oc cxcrhìhgf jìt` oc ckrgquchglcktf `ldgcktì, `ksgcoòc oc scp`r`åèf, sèf ìeuks cxclpifs quc pfocl icv`r `f ocsckvfivglcktf of hflpfrt`lcktf (BFTUG_] c KCGIXFK, 4>>2). 0>.4. 0>. 4.0. 0.0> 0> Oc Ocrl rl`tgtc `tgtc

`hrì

pf pfrr

i`ldco i`ldcour ur` `

cxhcssgv`

Cstc tgpf oc hflpfrt`lcktf fhfrrc pfr cxhcssf oc i`ldcour`, prgkhgpìlcktc kfs lcldrfs tfràhghfs c pçivghfs, k` rcegèf hàrpgh` c lct`hàrpgh`, icv`kof ` jcrglcktfs. Gstf pfoc scr hùsòf pfr lcof, `ksgcoòc, èrcssócs, iglgt`åèf oc `tgvgoòcs fu cstrcssc. @ktge`lcktc tì hflpfrt`lcktf cr` vgstf sflcktc cl hècs oc

3:

er`koc pfrtc, l`s `tuìlcktc pfoc scr vgstf cl quìqucr pfrtc,

goòc fu r`å`. @ieul`s ìtcr`åócs jìsgh`s pfocl icv`r `f cxhcssf oc i`ldcour` hflf `rtrgtcs, rc`åócs ìçregh`s, gkjchåócs. Ocsh`rt`kof prfdicl`s p`tfiøeghfs tcl-sc f hflpfrt`lcktf pfr tr`kstfrkf hflpuisgvf hflpuisgvf fu dush` pfr `tckåèf (BFTUG_] c KCGIXFK, 4>>2). 0>.4. 0>. 4.0. 0.00 00 Jfdg Jfdg`s `s oc d`ru d`ruib ibfs, fs, oc tclp tclpcstòc, cstòc, oc jfefs jfef s c oc ` `ldgcktcs ldgcktcs cxtcrkfs

@ jfdg` ç ul` rcspfst` glcog`t` ` ul` sgtu`åèf `kfrlì, quc rcsuit` cl ul hflpfrt`lcktf oc lcof cxtrclf. Lugt`s rc`åócs oc lcof sèf `prckogo`s c pfocl scr ocs`prckogo`s hfl cxpfsgåócs eròu`gs, mà `s jfdg`s sèf ocjgkgo`s hflf rc`åócs oc lcof ocsckvfivgo`s r`pgo`lcktc c prfjuko`lcktc c quc kèf sèf rctgrò`s hfl cxpfsgåócs eròu`gs ` tì sgtu`åèf quc ecrfu ` jfdg`. Sl` vcz quc f cvcktf tckb` sgof cxpcrglcktòf, quìqucr cvcktf `ssfhgòf ` cic fu î lclørg` ocic ç sujghgcktc p`r` ecr`r ` rcspfst` kf `kglì (I@K_]L@K, 4>>7). Pu`kof f `kglì ckhfktr`-sc k` sgtu`åèf oc lcof, f sgstcl` kcrvfsf ùtÿkflf ç `tgvòf o`kof f gkìhgf î igdcr`åèf oc bfrlÿkgf cpgkcjrgk` (òrckìgk`), f quì ç igdcròf ` p`rtgr o` òrckì, `tgv`kof, pfrt`ktf f sgstcl` oc ’iut` fu jue`“ hflf mà ocshrgtf `ktcrgfrlcktc. Pu`kof cssc sgstcl` ç `tgvòf, ocsckvfivcl-sc ìtcr`åócs cl futr`s àrc`s of fre`kgslf `kglì hflf ` àrc` h`rogfv`shui`r, icv`kof î t`qugh`rog`, f ckoøhrgkf, icv`kof î ìtcr`åèf kf cgxf bgpftài`lf/pgtugtàrgf/òrckì, hfl ` igdcr`åèf oc eighfhfrtghøgocs c ùlcktf oc eighfsc k` hfrrcktc s`keuìkc`, ìtcr`åócs e`strfgktcstgk`gs, rcsuit`kof cl sìgv`åèf gktcks`,

35

vÿlgtf, og`rrçg`, tckcslf fu bcl`tfquczg` c rcspfst` `f sgstcl`

kcrvfsf, `s pupgi`s cktr`l cl lgorì`sc (BFTUG_] c KCGIXFK, 4>>2).

Hfl rci`åèf `f hflpfrt`lcktf, f `kglì cktr` cl cstòf oc bgpcrvgegiäkhg`, èrcssèf jrcktc î l`kgpui`åèf fu tckt`tgv` oc hfktckåèf. @ieul`s ìtcr`åócs pfocl ocsckvfivcr t`gs jfdg`s hflf, pfr cxclpif, ` `trfjg` cl ul` àrc` of hçrcdrf, cl cspchgì kf bgpfh`lpf fu `tç `kfrlìgoòcs oc kcurftr`kslgssfrcs hflf scrftfkgk`, kfrcpgkcjrgk` fu àhgof e`l` `lgkf-dutìighf (E@D@), sckof cstc f prgkhgpì kcurftr`kslgssfr of sgstcl` kcrvfsf hcktrì. Kèf pfoclfs csquchcr quc ` cxpfsgåèf gkòcquò` ` d`ruibfs k` j`sc oc ocsckvfivglcktf o` vgo` of `kglì t`ldçl hfktrgdug p`r` t`gs jfdg`s jutur`s (BFTUG_] c KCGIXFK, 4>>2). F `kglì kcst` sgtu`åèf oc lcof cxhcssgvf oclfkstr`rà sgk`gs hflf, sìgv`åèf gktcks` fu ocjch`åèf, lghåèf, i`tgof, trclfr, tckt`tgv` oc jue`, ùlcktf fu oglgkugåèf o` ifhflfåèf, vÿlgtf, fu prfhur`rà ul ul ifhì p`r` sc ccshfkocr. shfkocr. Ocvclfs ocsh`rt` ocsh`rt`rr ofckå`s e`strfgktcstgk`gs, p`r`sgt`rg`s fu ckofhrgkfp`tg` quc oclfkstr`l ìeuks sgk`gs sclcib`ktcs `fs ocshrgtfs `hgl` (BFTUG_] c KCGIXFK, 4>>2).

0>.4.0. 0>.4 .0.04 04 Bgpcr Bgpcr`tgv `tgv goòc go òc

@ bgpcr`tgvgoòc fu ` cxhgt`dgigoòc of `kglì kèf ç vgstf hflf

32

ìtcr`åèf jgsgfiøegh` pfr ìeuks lçoghfs vctcrgkàrgfs, l`s ul

hflpfrt`lcktf kfrlì, tìpghf oc ìeul`s r`å`s fu goòcs (mfvcks). Futrfs `hrcogt`l quc cstc hflpfrt`lcktf fhfrrc pfr ìtcr`åócs kf sgstcl` ofp`lgkçreghf ofp`lgkçreghf fu scrftfkgkç scrftfkgkçreghf reghf fu `tç lcslf kf sgstcl` òrckçreghf. Pu`kof bà f cxhcssf oc `tgvgoòc, bà tcfrg`s oc quc kèf b`m` cstìluifs jìsghfs fu lckt`gs òcquòfs p`r` quc f `kglì jgquc k` hfkogåèf hflpfrt`lcktì kfrlì. Cl ecrì f `kglì oclfkstr`rà sgk`gs hflf ùlcktf ofs d`tglcktfs h`roì`hfs c rcspgr`tørgfs, rcspgr`tørg fs, sìgv`åèf gktcks`, ègt`åèf, i`tgofs cxhcssgvfs (BFTUG_] c KCGIXFK, 4>>2). 0>.4 0> .4.0 .0.0 .08 8 I`tgof I`tgofs s cxhcssgvfs fu ugvf s

Fs `kgl`gs i`tcl fu ugv`l pfr ogvcrs`s r`zócs ç ul hflpfrt`lcktf kfrlì oc hflukgh`åèf cktrc cics. Hfl cstc hflpfrt`lcktf, oclfkstr`l oflìkgf oc tcrrgtørgf, hb`l`l ` `tckåèf fu oclfkstr`l `ksgcoòc. Fhfrrc i`tgof cxhcssgvf jrcktc ` ul ckhfktrf hfl futrf `kglì, scm` cic èrcssgvf fu kèf, fu qu`kof f `kglì cstà scktgkof ofr. Cstc hflpfrt`lcktf tckoc ` sc tfrk`r cxhcssgvf qu`kof kèf bà rcer`s p`r` f `kglì fu qu`kof cic kèf hfksceuc hflprcckocr `qugif quc ibc cstà sckof cksgkòf (BFTUG_] c KCGIXFK, 4>>2).

00

Oc Ocjgkg jgkg åèf c tgpf oc prfdicl`s prf dicl`s cl `drgef `drgefs s hfictgv fs

Sl `drgef hfictgvf p`r` `kgl`gs ç ul ifhì quc ìfm` ogvcrsfs hècs quc

37

cl ecrì sèf `kgl`gs crr`ktcs, h`pturòfs fu `d`kofkòfs.

Ofs lugtfs prfdicl`s ckhfktròfs kcsscs `drgefs hfictgvfs, pfoclfs hgt`r ìeuks hflf= supcrpfpui`åèf, jìt` oc rchursfs, ìglckt`åèf kèf dì`khcò`, jìt` oc `tckoglcktf vctcrgkàrgf, `d`kofkf oc hècs pfr scus ’ofkfs“, cktrc futrfs. Cl cstcs `drgefs bà `kgl`gs oc tfofs fs tgpfs. ^`r` lcibfr `pigh`åèf ocst` prfpfst` scrèf scp`ròfs cl ofgs erupfs= ofs `kgl`gs bgpcr`tgvfs, quc oclfkstr`l sgk`gs hflf èrcssgvgoòc, hflpctgåèf, igocr`kå` c oflìkgf, c ofs bgpf`tgvfs, oclfkstr`kof sgk`gs oc fdcogíkhg` fdcogíkhg`,, sudlgssèf fu lcof. 04

@pig h`åèf o` prf pfst `, p`r` tr`t`lcktf oc ìtcr` ìtcr`åócs åócs

hflpfrt`lckt`gs, hflpfrt`lckt` gs, cl `kgl` `kgl`gs gs l`ktgofs cl `drgefs hf ictgvfs

@ prfpfst` oc tr`t`lcktf hflpfrt`lcktì cl `kgl`gs oc `drgef hfictgvf, hfl ` utgigz`åèf o` tcr`pg` hflpiclckt`r hfl f usf oc jifr`gs tcrà our`åèf oc trgkt` og`s. @pøs f gkìhgf o` tcr`pg` scrg`l `kìgsò`s h`r`htcrìstgh`s hflpfrt`lckt`gs oc hcl `kgl`gs l`ktgofs, cl ul` `ssfhg`åèf, scrg` òlgkgstròf f jifrì oc D`hb, hfl f fdmctgvf oc tr`zíifs `f cqugiìdrgf of hflpfrt`lcktf hfksgocròf jfr` of kfrlì, `vìg`kof, `ssgl, ` cjghàhg` o` jgtftcr`pg` kf hflpfrt`lcktf ofs `kgl`gs, vgs`kof f dcl cst`r oc hò` ul c tr`zckof f ul` hfkogåèf oc lckfr cstrcssc.

08

Ogshussèf

@ tcr`pg` hfl jifr`gs, our`ktc lugtf tclpf, kèf tcvc er`koc `hcgt`åèf pfr

:>

lugtfs prfprgctàrgfs c lçoghfs vctcrgkàrgfs, l`s gssf tcl luoòf.

@tuìlcktc css` jgtftcr`pg` cstà sckof lugtf sfighgtò` p`r` hfrrgegr prfdicl`s hflpfrt`lckt`gs, p`r` hflpiclckt`r ul` orfe` ìfp`t` fu `tç lcslf bflcfp`t`. F vìkhuif cktrc scrcs bul`kfs c `kgl`gs cstà hò` vcz l`gs jfrtc c gssf p`rchc lugtf sùoàvci p`r` køs, l`s p`r` fs `kgl`gs pfoc kèf scr, ` pfktf oc ocsckhòc`r hflpfrt`lcktfs kèf `hcgtàvcgs pcifs bul`kfs c `tç lcslf ìtcr`åócs jìsgh` hflf, pfr cxclpif, e`strfgktc e`strfgktcstgk`gs. stgk`gs. Lugtfs `kgl`gs sèf `d`kofkòfs cl FKEs, ru`, hcktrfs oc hfktrfic oc zffkfscs, hiìkgh`s vctcrgkàrg`s pfr tcrcl ul hflpfrt`lcktf gkòcquòf quc lugt`s vczcs jfg hùsòf pcifs prøprgfs bul`kfs fu kèf hfrrgegof kf lflcktf hcrtf c o` jfrl` hfrrct`. H`dc `fs lçoghfs vctcrgkàrgfs gktcrvgr kcsscs prfdicl`s c pcrlgtgr quc fs `kgl`gs tckb`l ul` vgo` hfl f lckfr cstrcssc pfssìvci. Cl ìeuks `drgefs hfictgvfs f usf oc jifr`gs p`r` f tr`t`lcktf oc ìtcr`åócs hflpfrt`lckt`gs ç hrcshcktc. Xceukof rci`tfs o` prfprgctàrg` of H`kgi ^fldfs, ^fldfs (4>>7), ifhìgzòf cl Hurgtgd`, f rcsuitòf `prcscktòf `pøs f usf oc jifr`gs cspchìjghf p`r` oglgkugr f cstrcssc ofs hècs c p`r` ` ò`pt`åèf î luo`kå`s tgvcr`l rcsuitòfs s`tgsj`tørgfs. Mà p`r` ` Jr`khbgkg (4>>7), f usf of jifrì, ìçl oc cjgh`z, tcl `åèf cl `prfxglò`lcktc trís og`s. Fs jifr`gs grèf `tu`r oc vàrg`s jfrl`s p`r` tr`t`r ogvcrs`s ìtcr`åócs, cktrc cst`s, hflpfrt`lckt`gs. @s igtcr`tur`s cxgstcktcs ocshrcvcl fs scktglcktfs bul`kfs c tr`kshrcvcl csscs scktglcktfs p`r` fs `kgl`gs, quc lugt`s vczcs, kèf hfkogz hfl f kfrlì c h`r`htcrìstghf o` cspçhgc, hflf cxclpif, ` cssíkhg` Ugiifw, gkoghòf p`r` hfld`tcr f r`khfr quc ç

:0

ul scktglcktf bul`kf c kèf `kglì, fu f ocscmf oc j`zcr f lì, f quc

kèf fhfrrc k` cspçhgc h`kgk` c futrfs scktglcktfs hgtòfs, hflf pfr cxclpif, `kgl`gs hruçgs (Bfiiy). Hfl gstf, fhfrrc ul oçjghgt oc gkjfrl`åócs, gkjfrl`åóc s, pfgs cst` jìt` oc `rtgefs hgcktìjghfs quc tròuz`l cstcs scktglcktfs p`r` ` igkeuècl `kglì icv` ` ul` ogvcreíkhg` k`s gkjfrl`åócss igtcràrg`s cxgstcktcs. gkjfrl`åóc F usf o` jgtftcr`pg` `tr`vçs ofs jifr`gs oc D`hb, ocshrgtf kcstc tr`dìbf pfoc scr gkoghòf p`r` f tr`t`lcktf oc ìtcr`åócs hflpfrt`lckt`gs cl hècs oc `drgefs hfictgvfs, l`s ocvgof î prcfhup`åèf qu`ktf î hfkjgrl`åèf hgcktgjgh` c kèf `pck`s ` hfgkhgoíkhg` o` lcibfr` of cstòf of `kglì. Gkogh`lfs ` `pigh`åèf ocst` prfpfst`, tckof `ssgl ul` `kàigsc ofs p`rälctrfs fdtgofs our`ktc f pcrìfof ocshrgtf p`r` ` `pigh`åèf.

TCJCTCKHG@X

@IFKXF, T. M. _r` _r`tòf tòf oc Jgtflcoghg k`= D`scs Higkgh`s y J`rl`hfifegh`s . Duckfs

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@grcs, GXGX Coghgfkcs X. T. I, 0772.

@KOT@OC,

I.

L`kuì

Dàsghf

oc

Jifr`gs

oc

D`hb.

Ogspfkìvci

cl=

bttp=//www.syktfkg`.hfl/tcxtf bttp=//www.syktf kg`.hfl/tcxtfs/tcxtfssùoc/ s/tcxtfssùoc/tcxtfsjifr`gs/l` tcxtfsjifr`gs/l`kuìocic kuìocicfk`rof.b fk`rof.btl. tl. @hcssf cl= 48 jcv. 4>>7. @STÇIGF, D. B. J., JCTTCGT@, B. Oghgfkàrgf o` Iìkeu` ^frtueucs` @urçigf . Tgf oc M`kcgrf, Cogtfr` Kfv` Jrfktcgr`, 072:. DTC@]GIC, M.C. ^bysghfifegh d`sgh `ko hfkscquckhcs fj ogstrcss gk `kglì . Mfurkì fj tbc @lcrgh`k Zctcrgk`ry Lcoghì @ssfhg`tgfk. Xhùldure, 0725. DTCKOICT,

L.

Bgstørg`

ofs

Ogspfkìvci

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cl=

www.jifr`gsofdcl.hfl.dr/bgst www.jifr`gsofdc l.hfl.dr/bgstfrg`.btl. frg`.btl. @hcssf cl= 80 fut. 4>>2. DTFFL, O.L. Gkogh`tfrs fj pffr wcij`rc. Drgtgsb Zctcrgk`ry Mfurkì, Ifkofk, v.0?4, p.34?-34:, 072:. DTFFL, O. L., LFICK_F, H. J. L. Dcl-Cst`r `kglì= Hfkhcgtf c Pucstócs Tci`hgf Tc i`hgf kò`s - Tcvgsèf. @rhbgvcs fj Zctcrgk`ry Xhgckhc v. 7, k. 4, p. 0-00, 4>>?.

DTSL, @.L.1 HB@L^GFK, _.1 ]@K@__@, T. ct ì. Stgigz`åèf oc prfdgøtghf c oc i`htuifsc

kf

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oc

bgpcr`lfkclg`

hùsò`

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pfrtfssgstílghf hfkeíkgtf cl ul hèf. Hgíkhg` Turì, v.85, p.354-35?, 4>>5.

DSTKGCT,

T.

Ocprcssèf

@kglì .

4>>2.

Ogspfkìvci

cl=

bttp=//www.vctlfvci.hfl.dr/g bttp=//www.vctl fvci.hfl.dr/gkocx.pbp. kocx.pbp. @hcssf cl= 00 fut. 4>>7. H@KKFK, U. D. _bc Ugsofl fj t bc Dfoy. Kcw Wfra. Kfrtfk. 0787. O@UAGKX, L. X. Hflprcc Hflprcckocr kocr f Hflpfrt `lcktf `lcktf @ kglì . Igsdf`, 077?.

:8

O@KMFS, [email protected] ^CKKGKHA, O.1 HFTKCMF, I. ct ì. Sitr`sfkfer`pbgh ogèkfsgs fj pfrtfsystclgh sbuktgke gk ofes `ko h`ts. h`ts. Zct. Tògfi., v.?3, p.?4?-?85, 4>>?. Cssíkhg` Jifrì . Ogspfkìvci cl= 9bttp=//pt.wgagpcog`.fre/wgag/Css%H8%@@khg`Vjifrì;

@hcssf cl= 4> jcv. 4>>7. J@UH - J`rl @kglì Ucij`rc Hfukhgi. Xc Xchfko hfko Tcpfrt Tcpfrt fk ^rgfr gtgcs j fr Tcsc`rhb Tcsc`rhb `ko Ocvcifplckt Oc vcifplckt gk J`rl J`rl @kglì Ucij`rc Ucij`rc. Tcgkf Skgof, 0778.

JFII@GK, L. Jifr`gs oc D`hb p`r` @kgl`gs . Ogspfkìvci cl= www.jifr`gschg`.hfl.dr . @hcssf cl= 80 fut. 4>>2. JFII@GK, L. Erupf o` bgpcrscksgdgigoòc îs gkjiuckhg`s c goçg`s cxtcrk`s. Ogspfkìvci cl= www.erccpct.vct.dr. www.erccpct.vct.dr. @hcssf cl= 48 fut. 4>>7. JFII@GK, L. Bflcfp`tg`, Zctcrgkàrg` c fs Jifr`gs oc D`hb. Ogspfkìvci cl= www.erccpct.vct.dr .@hcssf cl= 80 fut. 4>>2. JFUICT, L.C. Xtrcss. Gk= ]ff & wgio `kglì lcoghgk c. 4ª cogåèf. ^bgiòcipbg`= U.D. Xùkocr Hflp`ky, 072:.

JT@KHBGKG, H. Jifr`gs `tcku`l lìcs oc jukof clfhgfkì kfs `kgl`gs. 4>>7. Ogspfkìvci cl= bttp=//www.`ko`.mfr.dr/6p>7. ET@B@K, B. c ZI@LGX, E. Tclçogfs Jifr`gs oc D`hb p`r` `kgl`gs . Xèf ^ùif, Cogtfr` ^cks`lcktf, 0777. B@TTGXFK, T. @k @kgl gl ì L`hbgk L`hb gk cs - _bc Kcw J`htfr J`ht fr y J`rlgk J`rl gk e Gkous Gko ustr tr y . Ifkofk. Zgkhckt Xtu`rt ûdigsbcrs Ito.07:?. B@T_, D. I. _bc Dcb`vgfur fj Oflcstgh @kglìs. Kcw Wfra. U. B. Jrccl`k `ko

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Hflp`ky. 0723. BFTUG_], O., KCGIXFK, M. H. Di`hawcii ‘ Hfksuit` Zctcrgkàrg` cl 3 lgkutfs, Hflpfrt`lcktf H`kgkf & Jcigkf Jcigkf . ^frtf @icerc, 4>>2.

BFU@TO, M. Fs Tclçogfs Jifr`gs of Or. D`hb ^`ssf ` ^`ssf ‘ Eug` Hflpictf. Xèf ^ùif, Cogtfr` ^cks`lcktf, 077>. BFU@TO, M. Fs Tclçogfs Jifr`gs of Or. D`hb ^`ssf ` ^`ssf. 3ª Cogåèf. Xèf ^ùif, Cogtfr` ^cks`lcktf, 077>. I@K_]L@K, L. @ercssèf H`kgk`. Ogspfkìvci cl= bttp=//www.pct.vct.dr/èrcss`f.btli. @hcssf cl= 48 fut. 4>>7. IFTCK]G, B1 L@_FX, J. M. @. î`kt`s Lcoghgk`gs kf Dr`sgi= K`tgv`s c Cxøtgh`s . Kfv` Focss`, X^= Gkstgtutf î`kt`rul î`kt`rul,, 4>>4. L@KKGKE, @. Gktrfouåèf `f Hflpfrt`lcktf @kglì . Xèf ^ùif, Igvrfs _çhkghfs c Hgcktìjghfs Cogtfr` X.@., 0755. L@TPSCX, @. Jifr`gs oc X`kt Ecrl`gk p`r` usf vctcrgkàrgf . Ogspfkìvci cl= www.òcgiocl`rqucs.mfr.dr/jifr`gs`kgl`gs.btl. @hcssf cl= >0 kfv. 4>>2. L@TEFK@TG, K. Jifr`gs oc X`gkt Ecrl`gk ‘ Tcpcrtørgf Oghgfkàrgf . 3ª Cogåèf. Xèf ^ùif, 0777. LÀRGLF,

X.

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bg stør st ør g`

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Cssíkh Css íkhg`s g`s

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cl=

www.ru`s.hfl.dr/jifr`gs/bgstf www.ru`s.hfl.dr /jifr`gs/bgstfrg`.btl. rg`.btl. @hcssf cl= 80 fut. 4>>2.

LGII@K, H. F Ckh`ktòfr oc Hècs Hflprccko` f lcibfr `lgef of bflcl .

:3

H`lpgk`s, Zcrus Cogtfr`, 4>>5. K@GJJ, K. Jifr`gs of Lukof . Tgf oc M`kcgrf, Cogtfr` Kfv` Cr`, 0777.

^@HB@IW, M.T. ct ì. Cstrcssc pfr h`ptur` h`ptur` c hfktckåèf hfktckåèf cl `kgl`g `kgl`gss scivècks. @ bfr` Zctcrgkàrg`, ^frtf @icerc, 0778. ^@TFKG, L. c ^@TFKG, H. @prcko` ` scr jcigz hfl fs Jifr`gs oc D`hb ‘ L`kuì pràtghf c hfl jftf o`s jifrcs of Or. D`hb. Xèf ^ùif, H`l`r` Dr`sgicgr` of Igvrf, 4>>8. ^@X_FTGKF, L. I. @ lcogh lco gh gk ` jif j ifrì rì oc Cow`ro Cow `ro D`hb D`h b . Xèf ^ùif, Cogtfr` B`ldure, 0774. ^@SIFK, C. Jifr`gs oc D`hb & @hupuktur` ‘ Eug` ^ràtghf p`r` Hiìkgh`. Tgf oc M`kcgrf, Cogtfr` @rtc & Huitur` c Igvr`rg` I_O@, 0770. ^CTCGT@, X. Fs h`kìocfs - Erupfs c l`tgib` - Fre`kgz`åèf bgcràrqugh` . Tcvgst` Hècs c Hflp`kbg`. Kýlcrf 042. Xèf ^ùif, 4>>2. ^GK_F, M. Jifr`gs p`r` Hèc Hècs s _r`t`kof f Hflpfrt `lc `lcktf ktf @kglì h fl fs Jifr`gs oc D`hb . Xèf ^ùif, Duttcrjiy Cogtfr` I_O@, 4>>2.

^FLDFX,

I.

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D`hb .

H`kgi

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Hurgtgd`.

Ogspfkìvci

cl=

bttp=//h`kgipfldfs.difespft.hfl/4>>7/>?/jifr`gs-oc-d`hb.btli. @hcssf cl= >? kfv. 4>>7. TFHB@, O. Ogstýrdgfs Hflpfrt`lckt`gs rci`hgfkòfs î goòc. 4>>2. Ogspfkìvci cl= bttp=//www.j` bttp=//www.jùk`dr`sgi.hf uk`dr`sgi.hfl.dr/sgstcl`/ l.dr/sgstcl`/lfouics/wjsc lfouics/wjschtgfk/`rtghic htgfk/`rtghic.pbp6`rtg .pbp6`rtghicgo7.

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