FLOOR HEATING VALSIR.pdf

Technical manual L02-242/1

QUALITY FOR PLUMBING

Floor heating and cooling system Characteristics, planning, dimensioning, laying and testing Energy saving

Low operating temperature

Elevated thermal well-being

Uniform temperature distribution

www.valsir.it

1

Characteristics of floor heating systems

6

1.1

Hygienic conditions

6

1.2

Aesthetical advantages

6

1.3

Well-being

6

1.3.1 What is comfort or thermo-hygrometric well-being? 1.3.2 Measurement of comfort 1.3.3 Causes of discomfort

6 6 8

Energy saving

9

1.4

1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.4.5

2

Why does floor heating reduce energy consumption? Floor insulation Operating temperature Reduced stratification of the air temperature System water at low temperature

COMPONENTS CATALOGUE

9 9 10 11 11

12

3 Technical characteristics of the components

31

3.1

PEXAL and MIXAL pipe

31

3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.1.6 3.1.7 3.1.8 3.1.9 3.1.10 3.1.11 3.1.12 3.1.13 3.1.14 3.1.15

31 33 33 33 34 34 34 35 35 36 36 36 39 43 46

3.2

3.3

3.4

General characteristics Characteristics of crosslinked polyethylene PE-Xb Characteristics of aluminium Mechanical behaviour Expansion Resistance to abrasion, encrustation and corrosion Barrier to oxygen and UV rays Lightweight Sound absorption Long lasting Heat conductivity Comparison of heat outputs of different pipes Pressure losses Quality control Pipe approvals

V-ESSE, V-ELLE, V-ZETA, V-ERRE and V-ENNE insulation panels

48

3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3. 3.2.4. 3.2.5. 3.2.6

48 50 52 54 56 58

V-ESSE panel V-ELLE panel V-ZETA panel V-ERRE panel V-ENNE panel Instructions for laying the V-ENNE eco-compatible system

V-ACUSTIC soundproof mat

60

3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4

60 60 62 66

Introduction Technical characteristics Soundproof insulation of foot-traffic noise with V-ACUSTIC Rules for the installation of V-ACUSTIC

Distribution manifold

68

3.4.1 Manifold components 3.4.2 Practical method for adjusting and balancing of the manifold 3.4.3 Composition of the manifold (without mixing kit)

68 70 71

3.5

Valsir mixing kit

73

3.5.1 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.5.4 3.5.5

73 75 77 78 79

V-MIX02 fixed point mixing kit V-MIX01 fixed point and variable point mixing kit Theory: adjustment of the mixing kit Practice: adjustment of the mixing kit The assembled mixing kit

3.6

V-BOX modules

82

3.7

Mixing and distribution groups for heating plants

85

3.7.1 3.7.2 3.7.3 3.7.4 3.7.5

86 94 95 97 107

3.8

3.9

3.10

The distribution and mixing modules Differential valve Distribution manifolds Hydraulic separator Dimensioning of the mixing groups

V-DRYAIR isotherm dehumidifiers for cooling systems

112

3.8.1 Condensation and the dehumidification of air 3.8.2 V-DRYAIR 250V and V-DRYAIR 250H isotherm dehumidifiers 3.8.3 V-DRYAIR 450H isotherm dehumidifers 3.8.4 V-DRYAIR 900H isotherm dehumidifiers

112 113 115 116

Control systems

118

3.9.1 V-CLIMA system 3.9.2 Control units of the heating circuits 3.9.3 Some control schemes

118 127 138

Concrete fluidizer

144

3.10.1 Calculation of the quantity of fluidizer

144

4

Valsir floor heating and cooling systems

146

4.1

System and system components

146

4.2

Guidelines for choosing the system and its components

156

5 Dimensioning of floor heating systems in compliance with UNI EN 1264

162

5.1

Introduction

162

5.2

Dimensioning: theory

162

5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.2.6 5.2.7 5.2.8 5.2.9 5.2.10 5.2.11 5.2.12

162 165 166 166 167 167 168 168 169 169 170 170

5.3

Layer composition of the floor Required thermal flow Characteristic curves Thermal flow limit and maximum floor temperature Limit curve Supply temperature Average floor temperature Downward heat dispersion Length of heating loops Flow and temperature of heating fluid Design limits in the choice of pipe spacing Balancing of heating circuits

Dimensioning: practice

171

5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4

173 174 175 176

Floor layer composition Required thermal flow Thermal flow limit and maximum floor temperature The characteristics curves and the limit curve

5.3.5 Supply temperature 5.3.6 Circuit dimensioning 5.3.7 Balancing of heating circuits

177 178 180

6 Dimensioning of anti-snow and anti-ice systems (snow-melt)

187

6.1

Introduction

187

6.2

System types

188

6.3

System design

189

6.4

Dimensioning: theory

190

6.4.1 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.4.4 6.4.5 6.4.6 6.4.7

190 192 193 193 193 194 195

6.5

The required thermal output Layer composition of the radiant panel Calculation of temperatures Downward specific heat output Calculation of the number of loops Calculation of the flow rates and the temperatures of the heating fluid Typical snowmelt systems

Dimensioning: practice

196

6.5.1 6.5.2 6.5.4 6.5.5 6.5.6

196 196 196 197 197

Required heat output Layer composition of the radiant panel Downward specific thermal output Calculation of circuit loops Calculation of the flow and the temperature of the heating fluid

7 Installation

204

7.1

Preliminary procedures and verifications

204

7.2

Installation of the manifold and mixing kit

204

7.3

Laying of the edging strip

205

7.4

Laying of insulation panels

205

7.5

Laying the pipe

207

7.6

Creation of expansion joints

208

7.7

Creation of the settlement joints

209

7.8

System filling

210

7.9

System testing

210

7.10

Laying of the screed

210

7.11

System commissioning

210

8 Appendix

211

A

Heat transfer

211

A.1 A.1.1 A.1.2 A.1.3 A.2 A.3 A.3.1 A.3.2 A.3.3

211 211 211 212 212 214 214 214 214

Heat transfer modes Conduction Convection Radiation Combined heat transfer processes Heat transfer in heating systems Radiator systems Fan heater systems Floor heating systems

B

Climatic data for Italian regions and towns

215

C

Thermal conductivity and resistance of materials

218

D

Wood as a floor covering

220

E

dimensioning of metal reinforcement in the floors

221

E.1

222

Dimensioning example of a metal reinforcement

F

Antifreeze liquid in heating systems

223

G

Calculation of quantity of concrete

224

H

Insulation panels in floor heating

227

H.1 H.1.1 H.1.2 H.2 H.2.1 H.2.2 H.3

227 227 227 228 228 229 231

I

The influence of insulation panels on system performance Mechanical function Reduction of thermal mass Numerical analysis of insulation Calculation basis Results Conclusion

Noise in the buildings

232

I.1 I.2 I.3 I.4 I.5

232 232 234 236 238

Introduction Sound Noise and its measurement Noise in buildings and Italian legislation Foot traffic noise

L

Heat outputs

239

M

Measurement units

240

N

Standard and legislative references

243

O

Technical specifications

244

1

Characteristics of floor heating systems

1

Characteristics of floor heating systems

The first evidence of floor heating dates back to Roman times. The working principles were straightforward but ingenious; an underground fire was made and the hot fumes were conveyed through ducts under the floor of the building. It was only after the war that the first floor heating systems were installed with the use hot water that ran through pipes that were embedded in the floor; unfortunately the poor insulation of the buildings, the high temperatures and the lack of adequate control systems caused this type of system to lose popularity for quite some time. The energy crisis of the seventies, however, and the issuing of European laws on thermal insulation resulted in the return of this type of heating. Floor heating is, today, certainly the most technically valid solution offered by the heating market for the residential, commercial and industrial sector. The various solutions available allow maximum flexibility and adaptability to all types of building and construction requirements. Furthermore, the use of a heat transfer fluid at low temperatures and the particular stratification of the heat in the room results in significant energy saving. In the following paragraphs we will analyse some of the characteristics that differentiate floor heating systems: hygienic conditions, aesthetical advantages, well-being and energy conservation.

1.1 Hygienic conditions Floor heating naturally rules out the formation of damp areas on the floor, conditions favouring dust mites and bacteria are therefore not generated and there will also be no formation of mildew. Unlike traditional systems, there is no combustion of motes, which provoke a dry and irritated throat and there are no convective currents, which favour the transport of dust in the room.

1.2 Aesthetical advantages There are no limits of an architectural nature linked to the presence of heating units; therefore, there is total freedom in interior decorating. By eliminating the problem of condensation and mildew, there will be no deterioration of wooden floors or windows and frames. Traditional heating systems limit the space available for the distribution of furniture whereas floor heating systems allow all available space to be utilised; it is also advantageous in buildings of an architectural and artistic importance where it is essential that the surroundings be left unaltered.

1.3 Well-being 1.3.1 What is comfort or thermo-hygrometric well-being? The objective definition defines thermo-hygrometric comfort as the state of thermal neutrality of the human body in which its thermal accumulation is zero and in which the organism maintains its mechanisms of thermoregulation (absence of perspiration in hot rooms or shivers in cold rooms) and vasomotor thermoregulation (absence of blood vessel dilation and contraction) almost inactive. The subjective definition defines thermo-hygrometric comfort as the physical and psychological state of satisfaction that an individual feels because of the conditions in which he finds himself (temperature, humidity, air velocity, etc.). The human body produces thermal energy based on the activity being carried out. A person when sedentary produces 100 W whereas under strain can produce 1000 W and this thermal energy must be dispersed to maintain the temperature under control and to avoid situations of thermal stress (discomfort). The human body is therefore a thermo-dynamic machine that exchanges energy (heat and work) with the atmosphere and in which the energy balance must be maintained, where the latent component of heat connected to evaporation and breathing and the dormant component of heat exchanged by convection and radiation, intercede.

1.3.2 Measurement of comfort Thermo-hygrometric well-being depends on several parameters: ■■ the energetic metabolism M that depends on the activity carried out and is measured in W/m2 (body surface) or in met (1 met = 58,2 W/m2), ■■ the thermal resistance of clothing Icl expressed in m2K/W or in clo (1 clo = 0,155 m2K/W), ■■ he air temperature Ta measured around the person, ■■ the average radiant temperature Tmr caused by the room where the person is found, ■■ relative air velocity va, ■■ relative air humidity UR. One method of identifying the conditions of well-being is to express it by means of the PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) that is based on the balance of thermal energy in the human body. Man is equilibrated when the thermal energy generated inside the body is equal to the thermal energy dispersed into the room. The PMV is therefore a function of the six parameters described and expresses the average vote of a sample of people in various climatic conditions. 6

Table 1.1 Values of PMV.

Sensation

Very hot

Hot

Slightly hot

Neutral

Slightly cold

Cold

Very cold

PMV

+3

+2

+1

0

-1

-2

-3

The PMV therefore predicts the average vote of thermal sensation expressed by a considerable number of people. The PPD (Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied) is, on the other hand, an indicator that predicts the number of people that will be dissatisfied from a thermal point of view for a certain PMV value.

Characteristics of floor heating systems

Figure 1.1 Relationship between PMV and PPD. 100%

SATISFIED

90% 80% 70%

PPD

60% 50% 40% 30%

DISSATISFIED

20% 10% © 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

-3,0 -2,8 -2,6 -2,4 -2,2 -2,0 -1,8 -1,6 -1,4 -1,2 -1,0 -0,8 -0,6 -0,4 -0,2 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2,0 2,2 2,4 2,6 2,8 3,0

0%

PMV

According to this theory, climatic conditions are considered pleasant when they correspond to a percentage of satisfied people greater than 90% and therefore a percentage of dissatisfied people below 10%. Such conditions are summarized in the following table. Table 1.2 Conditions considered pleasant.

Metabolism

M

0,8÷4 met

Clothing

Icl

0÷2 clo

Air temperature

Ta

10÷30°C

Mean radiant temperature

Tmr

10÷40°C

Relative air velocity

va

0÷1 m/s

Relative air humidity

UR

30÷70%

As an alternative to the PMV index it is possible to use other indicators such as, for example, the operating temperature. This represents the uniform temperature of a room in which the subject exchanges the same energy by convection and radiation that effectively exchanges in the real room in which the temperature is not distributed uniformly. The operating temperature is the weighed average if the air temperature and the average radiant temperature, the weights of which are convective conductance (clothes-air) and radiative conductance (clothessurfaces of the room). Top =

1

hc · Ta + hr · Tmr hc + hr

This temperature is in reality also a function of the air velocity in that the coefficient of convective conductance is strongly linked to this parameter. The Standard UNI EN ISO 7730 suggests a simplified formula for calculating the operating temperature: Top = A · Ta + (1-A) · Tmr where A is a function of the relative air velocity va.

7

Table 1.3 Coefficient A as a function of air velocity.

1

va [m/s]

Ta

∆T = 1÷3°C

Summer conditions

Radiant panels

Tmr < Ta

∆T = 1÷2°C

Winter conditions

Radiators, fan-coils, ducts

Tmr < Ta

∆T = 3÷6°C

Summer conditions

Radiators, fan-coils, ducts

Tmr > Ta

∆T = 4÷6°C

We immediately notice that with radiant panel technologies the difference between the temperature of the air and the temperature of the surfaces is lower than the difference in temperature with traditional heating/cooling technologies. Furthermore, with an analysis of winter conditions only, it can be noted that with radiant panel systems, the temperature of the air can be lower than the temperature of the surfaces and this translates into interesting consequences for energy saving. By intersecting the field of acceptability of the PMV with the values of operating temperature, in the case of sedentary activity M≤1.2 met, we find that the values that ensure comfort, are the following: 20°C < Top < 24°C  in winter conditions (clothing 1 clo); 23°C < Top < 26°C  in summer conditions (clothing 0.5 clo).

1.3.3 Causes of discomfort The causes that can generate local discomfort are several and depend also on the type of heating/cooling system. Figure 1.2 Causes of local discomfort.

vm

Tr

Ta Tr

© 2008 Val

sir S.p.A.

Tf

Vertical temperature differences are too high. A higher temperature at the height of the head compared to the temperature at the height of the ankles generates a greater local discomfort that will increase with an increase in the temperature difference; the Standard UNI EN ISO 7730 establishes a maximum temperature difference of 3°C. Floor too hot or too cold. The Standard UNI EN 1264 that regulates floor heating systems has in fact established the surface temperature limits (see chapter on floor system dimensioning). Mean radiant temperature distributed in an asymmetrical manner. There will be greater sensations of discomfort when the irregularity is caused by a heated ceiling or by cold walls (windows). Air drafts. The sensation of discomfort caused by the air velocity is linked to its temperature. An air draft in the presence of low temperatures can generate sensations of discomfort while in the presence of elevated temperatures it is beneficial on a comfort level.

8

1.4

Energy saving

1.4.1 Why does floor heating reduce energy consumption?

1.4.2 Floor insulation 1) Floor heating systems are characterised by the presence (required by the European Standard UNI EN 1264) of a layer of insulation to support the loops. Pocketed or smooth panels can used to create the insulation layer that has a minimum thickness of approximately 20 mm. 2) The function of the insulation, besides acting as a mechanical support for the pipe is also to act as a thermal insulation for the rooms below and to reduce the thermal inertia of the system. 3) The presence of insulation panels in floor heating systems halves downward heat loss as compared with systems without insulation panels. If we consider a room that lies directly over the ground, the dispersion in a system with insulation panels is about 19%, while in a system that has no insulation panels, dispersion can be as high as 36%! Figure 1.3 Insulation with V-ESSE pocketed panels.

9

1

CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOOR HEATING SYSTEMS

Systems with radiant panels, as compared with traditional heating systems, allow an average energy saving of more than 20% at equal environmental temperatures. The reasons for this marked saving are due to the fact that the large exchange surface formed by the floor allows the room to be heated with a heat transfer fluid that runs at low temperatures. For this reason, it is convenient to use heat sources whose performance increases when run at low temperatures (heat pumps, condensation boilers, solar panels, heat recovery systems, district heating systems). The thermal gradient that is generated with a floor heating system is such that the heat losses are less as compared with a traditional heating system. This is because, unlike traditional systems, it is possible to recover the heat that is usually wasted due to the effect of air stratification that reaches higher temperatures at the ceiling; this heat recovery increases with the increase in the height of the room. With a floor heating system the condition of well-being is reached with an average room temperature that is generally 1°C lower as compared with traditional heating systems and therefore, at equal comfort it is possible to reduce energy consumption. The employment of insulation panels that are required to support the pipe but at the same time significantly reduce heat losses help increase the output of the system; traditional heating systems do not require panels and therefore such panels are never employed.

1.4.3 Operating temperature

Characteristics of floor heating systems

1

The air temperature Ta and the mean radiant temperature Tmr of the structures determine the operating temperature Top. The latter indicates the conditions of well-being of an individual. In a floor heating system, the mean radiant temperature of the structures is greater than the temperature of the structures where a traditional heating system has been installed and this allows a reduction in the temperature of the air. The thermal exchange with the outside is directly proportionate to the difference in temperature between the room air temperature and the outside temperature. In a traditional system (see Figure 1.4) the mean temperature of the air is higher with a consequently higher thermal outward flow compared to a system with radiant panels where the mean temperature of the air is lower. In fact, in a system with panels the temperature in proximity with, for example, the glassed surfaces is lower and this allows a reduction in the thermal flow lost to the outside environment (see Figure 1.5). With a floor heating system it is possible to maintain an average air temperature of 19°C compared to a traditional system where the average temperature is 20°C, just one degree centigrade less can generate a saving in energy of approximately 7%. Top = A · Ta + (1-A) · Tmr

Figure 1.4 Traditional system.

20

Figure 1.5 Floor heating.

23 24

19 19

DISPERSION 20

DISPERSION

20

30

20

19

21 19 © 2008

21

40

© 2008

Valsir S.

p.A.

Valsir S.

p.A.

The considerations made for floor heating systems, also apply to floor cooling systems. The temperature of cooling air can take on higher values with important consequences on an energy conservation level without altering the conditions of well-being. Top = A · Ta + (1-A) · Tmr

Figure 1.6 Traditional air-conditioning system.

Figure 1.7 Floor cooling.

24

27 34

34

© 2008

10

Valsir S.

p.A.

© 2008

Valsir S.

p.A.

1.4.4 Reduced stratification of the air temperature Another of the advantages of a system with radiant panels is the reduced stratification of the air temperature. In traditional systems, the heating element significantly increases the temperature of the air (35°C-40°C) thus favouring the distribution of hot air in proximity to the ceiling. The effect of this stratification of the air is amplified in rooms with very high ceilings where the differences in temperature between the floor and ceiling can even reach 10°C (see Figure 1.8 and Figure 1.9). In floor heating systems temperature distribution is different, there is a temperature of about 22°C near the floor and a temperature of 18°C near the ceiling (in a residential building). This temperature distribution means that thermal energy is “consumed” where it is needed and that is, at the height of the room occupant. This significant difference in the distribution of temperatures introduces further advantages in energy saving. Figure 1.9 Real distribution.

18

18

8m

28

26

8m

22

18

DISPERSION

CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOOR HEATING SYSTEMS

Figure 1.8 Ideal distribution.

18

18

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

1

DISPERSION © 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

1.4.5 System water at low temperature The elevated exchange surface formed by the radiant floor means that ample volumes can be heated with the heat transfer fluid in the system running at low temperatures. For this reason it is convenient to use heat sources whose output increases when the required temperature decreases such as heat pumps, condensation boilers and solar panels. The supply temperature to the circuits range on average from 30°C to 40°C depending on the climatic conditions present; in a traditional system the supply temperature is on average 70°C, this significant difference consents further saving in energy since it allows an increase in the distribution performance of the system. The lower the temperatures of the heat transfer fluid the lower the energy losses in the distribution tract that runs from the boiler to the manifolds.

11

2

COMPONENTS CATALOGUE

MIXAL pipe

s Di

COMPONENTS CATALOGUE

2

De

Item MIXAL 14x2 MIXAL 16x2 MIXAL 16x2 MIXAL 16x2 MIXAL 16x2 MIXAL 20x2 MIXAL 20x2 MIXAL 20x2 MIXAL 26x3

De (mm) 14 16 16 16 16 20 20 20 26

S (mm) 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0

Di (mm) 10 12 12 12 12 16 16 16 20

COD. VS0100135 VS0100137 ✱ VS0113005 VS0113007 VS0100141 VS0100139 VS0113009 VS0113011 VS0100143

(m)

100 100 120 240 500 100 120 240 50

(m)

6400 5600 6720 5760 3000 3200 3840 1440 1440

Multilayer pipe in crosslinked polyethylene with intermediate layer in aluminium. ✱■Until stocks have finished quantity per pallet may be 4800 m.

V-ESSE insulating panel

P H

s1 s

Item V-ESSE20 V-ESSE30

L

S (mm) 50 60

S1 (mm) 20 30

LxH (mm) 1350x750 1350x750

P (cm) 7.5 7.5

Class (kPa) 150 150

Area (m ) COD. (m ) 1.0125 VS0109000 12.15 1.0125 VS0109001 10.12 2

2

Pocketed panel in expanded polystyrene with blue EPS film.

V-ZETA insulating panel

P H

s1 s

Item V-ZETA20

L

S (mm) 50

S1 (mm) 20

LxH (mm) 1200x750

P (cm) 7.5

Class (kPa) 200

Area (m ) COD. 0.9 VS0109016 2

(m2)

10.8

Pocketed panel in expanded polystyrene.

V-ERRE insulating panel

P H

s1 s

Item V-ERRE10

L

S (mm) 32

S1 (mm) 10

LxH (mm) 1000x500

P (cm) 5

Class (kPa) 200

Area (m ) COD. 0.5 VS0109017 2

(m2)

10.0

Pocketed panel in expanded polystyrene coupled to black, compact, impact-resistant, rigid PS film equipped with bosses for securing the pipe.

12

H

V-ELLE insulating panel

s P

Item V-ELLE20/200 V-ELLE30/250

S (mm) 20 30

H (mm) 1000 1000

P (cm) 5 5

Class (kPa) 200 250

Area (m ) 12 10 2

COD. VS0109018 VS0109019

(m2)

12.0 10.0

2

Smooth panel in coils in expanded (V-ELLE 20/200) or extruded (V-ELLE 30/250) polystyrene with grey polyester aluminized film with blue square for facilitating installation, class 200 kPa (V-ELLE 20/200) and class 250 kPa (V-ELLE 30/250).

V-ENNE biocompatible insulation panel L L1

COMPONENTS CATALOGUE

s

Eco-friendly

H H1

Item L (mm) H (mm) L1 (mm) H1 (mm) S (mm) V-ELLE 1250 600 1265 615 30

Specific weight (kg/m ) COD. 240 VS0109020 3

(pcs)

5

(m2)

3.75

Insulation panel made of conifer wood fibres and latex to make it impermeable to the absorption of water. It is equipped with an L-shaped rebate for connecting the panels.

V-BAND edging strip

H s

Item V-BAND

HxS (mm) 200x7

COD. VS0109200

(m)

125

Insulating strip in white expanded polyethylene with adhesive on one side across the entire surface with protection film divided in two. The strip is coupled with a transparent film in polyethylene with a thickness of 40 µm to prevent cement seepage.

V-BAND/N biocompatible edging strip

H

Eco-friendly

s

Item V-BAND/N

L (mm) 20

H (mm) 150

S (mm) 8

COD. VS0109202

(pcs)

6

(m)

120

Biocompatible insulating strip in compact linen fibre felt. No other additional products are used in the production of the edging strip.

H

V-JOINT band for expansion joints

s

Item V-JOINT

HxS (mm) 200x7

COD. VS0109201

(m)

125

Insulating strip in white expanded polyethylene with 20 mm of adhesive on one end to be used with V-JOINT/T support to be stuck to the “mushrooms” on the V-ESSE panel.

13

V-JOINT/T profile for expansion joints

Item V-JOINT/T

L (m) 1.2

COD. VS0109203

(m)

12

T-shaped profile with adhesive for securing the strip, for the V-JOINT expansion joints. Pack of 10 pieces.

2

Item V-CLIP01

De Pipe (mm) 14, 16, 20

COD. VS0109400

(pcs)

100

Anchor clips for pipe diameters 14, 16, 20 mm to be used with V-ELLE panel.

V-CLIP anchor clips

Item V-CLIP02 V-CLIP03

De Pipe (mm) 16, 20 26

Grid wire (mm) 3÷5 3÷5

COD. VS0109403 VS0109405

(pcs)

25 25

Anchor clips for securing pipes to metal grid for use on insulating screed.

V-CLIP anchor clips

H

L

Item V-CLIP04

L (mm) 88

H (mm) 28

COD. VS0109406

(pcs)

100

Clips for securing anti-shrinkage metal grids to insulation panels.

P

V-RAIL fixing bars

H

COMPONENTS CATALOGUE

V-CLIP anchor clips

I

Item V-RAIL01 V-RAIL02

De Pipe (mm) LxHxI (mm) 16 2000x25x38 20 2000x25x50

P (cm) 5 5

COD. VS0109410 VS0109411

Fixing rails for pipe diameters 16 and 20 mm with adhesive strip for securing to smooth insulating panels.

14

(pcs)

32 32

(m)

64 64

L1

Fixing screws for V-RAIL bar L

Item Fixing screws for V-RAIL

L (mm) 29

L1 (mm) 14

COD. VS0109409

(pcs)

100

Fixing screws for bars to secure V-RAIL01 and V-RAIL02 pipes to smooth panel.

2

L

V-FOIL anti-humidity film H

H (m) 1.2

L (m) 120

COD. VS0109600

COMPONENTS CATALOGUE

Item V-FOIL

(m2)

120

Anti-vapour polyethylene film, 0.2 mm thick, with 25 mm of adhesive on the end.

L

V-ACUSTIC soundproof mat H

Item V-ACUSTIC

∆LW = 28 dB(A)

H (m) 1

L (m) 10

COD. VS0109601

(m2)

10

V-ACUSTIC allows foot-traffic noise to be reduced by 28 dB (in compliance with EN 12354-2) thanks to a dynamic rigidity of 21 MN/m3. It is a multilayer mat that also acts as a barrier to humidity with a thickness of 8 mm that, after been laid, falls to 6 mm. The bottom layer is made of white felt, which, thanks to the “Velcro” effect, prevents movement during installation. The mat must be laid with the use of the special waterproof strip.

L

V-ACUSTIC/N biocompatible soundproof mat

Eco-friendly

H

Item V-ACUSTIC/N

H (m) 1

L (m) 30

COD. VS0109602

(m2)

30

V-ACUSTIC/N allows a reduction in foot-traffic noise of approximately 14-17 dB with a dynamic rigidity of about 55 MN/m . This mat is made of compact linen fibre felt with a thickness of 5 mm. No other products are employed in the production of this mat. The linen fibre creates a “Velcro” effect with the underlying rough floor that prevents it moving during installation. 3

Adhesive tape for V-ACUSTIC soundproof mat

H (mm) 50

L (mm) 50

COD. VS0109900

(pcs)

1

Water proof gaffer tape for installation of V-ACUSTIC soundproof mat.

15

V-FLUID concrete fluidizer

Item V-FLUID

COD. VS0109800

(kg)

10

This additive permits improved concrete flow with less water. Optimises the covering of loops during installation.

2

D

COMPONENTS CATALOGUE

I

Distribution manifold

D d

L

Outlets 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

D (inch) G1”1/4 G1”1/4 G1”1/4 G1”1/4 G1”1/4 G1”1/4 G1”1/4 G1”1/4 G1”1/4 G1”1/4 G1”1/4

d (inchxmm) G3/4”x18 G3/4”x18 G3/4”x18 G3/4”x18 G3/4”x18 G3/4”x18 G3/4”x18 G3/4”x18 G3/4”x18 G3/4”x18 G3/4”x18

I (mm) 214 214 214 214 214 214 214 214 214 214 214

L (mm) 190 240 290 340 390 440 490 540 590 640 690

COD. VS0110102 VS0110103 VS0110104 VS0110105 VS0110106 VS0110107 VS0110108 VS0110109 VS0110110 VS0110111 VS0110112

(pcs)

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Pre-assembled manifold for radiant panel systems complete with lockshield valves, valves with motor option (by means of thermoelectric heads supplied separately), flow meters (0.5-3.0 l/min), 1”1/4 tailpieces, compact terminal sets with thermometer, adjustment hexagonal key and fixing brackets for encased cabinet.

D

D

Kit for increasing manifold outlets

d

D

D

L

Outlets 2

D (inch) G1”1/4

d (inchxmm) G3/4”x18

L (mm) 168

COD. VS0110022

(pcs)

1

The package contains a supply manifold and a return manifold. Pre-assembled kit for adding two extra outlets to a manifold for radiant panel systems. The kit includes two 2-outlet manifolds with lockshield valves on the supply, valves with motor option (by means of thermoelectric heads supplied separately) on the return, flow meters (0.5-3.0 l/min), 1”1/4 tailpieces, and 1”1/4 nipples for connection to the existing manifold, adjustment hexagonal key and two 1”1/4 flat seals.

16

Distribution manifold for high temperature circuits

D

H d

L

Outlets 2 3

D

L

D (inch) G3/4” G3/4”

d (inchxmm) G3/4”x18 G3/4”x18

H (mm) 87 87

L (mm) 155 205

kg 1.95 2.59

COD. VS0110020 VS0110021

(pcs)

2

1 1

The package contains a supply manifold and a return manifold. Distribution manifold for high-temperature circuits. Used for supplying bathroom radiators or additional radiators in a floor heating system. (To be used with mixing kit).

COMPONENTS CATALOGUE

L

Pair of compact terminal sets for distribution manifold

D

e

d M

D (inch) G1”1/4

L (mm) 64.2

M (mm) 61

e (mm) 7

d (mm) 14.5

COD. VS0110026

(pcs)

1 pair

The package contains two compact terminal sets complete with drainage valves, manual air vent and thermometers.

L

Pair of straight interception valves for distribution manifold

H D1

D2 A

D1 (inch) G1”1/4

D2 (inch) G1”1/4

A (mm) 71

L (mm) 65

H (mm) 55.7

COD. VS0110034

(pcs)

1 pair

The package contains two straight valves: a red one for the supply and a blue one for the return.

D1

Pair of elbow interception valves for distribution manifold

L

D2 A

D1 (inch) G1”1/4

H

D2 (inch) G1”1/4

A (mm) 36

L (mm) 65

H (mm) 55.7

COD. VS0110033

(pcs)

1 pair

The package contains two elbow valves: a red one for supply and a blue one for return.

17

Nut-ring-insert for distribution manifold

D (inchxmm) G3/4”x18 G3/4”x18 G3/4”x18

2

Pipe (mmxmm) 14x2 16x2 20x2

COD. VS0110035 VS0110036 VS0110037

(pcs)

10 10 10

Fitting for connection of MIXAL pipes to distribution manifolds.

COMPONENTS CATALOGUE

Plug for distribution manifold

D (inchxmm) G3/4”x18

COD. VS0110040

(pcs)

10

Plug for distribution manifold outlets.

Pair of tailpieces for distribution manifold

D1

D2 L

D1 (inch) G1”1/4

D2 (inch) G1”1/4

L (mm) 47

COD. VS0110041

(pcs)

1 pair

The package contains two tailpieces complete with flat seal for coupling with compact valves code VS0110033 and VS0110034 and the distribution manifold.

Pair of adaptors for distribution manifold D1

D2 L

D1 (inch) G1”1/4

D2 (inch) G1”1/4

L (mm) 39

COD. VS0110042

(pcs)

1 pair

The package contains two adaptors complete with o-ring for coupling of two distribution manifold.

Flow meter for distribution manifold

D (inch x mm) G3/4”x18

Flow rate (l/m) 0.5÷3.0

Flow meter to be connected to distribution manifold (return side).

18

COD. VS0110049

(pcs)

10

Mixing kit V-Mix01/PF and V-Mix01/PV

D2

L

I H D2

PF

2

D1

D1

Adjustment Fixed point Variable point

D1 (inch) G1” G1”

D2 (inch) 1”1/4 1”1/4

L (mm) 345 335

H (mm) 335 350

I (mm) 214 214

COD. VS0110301 VS0110302

(pcs)

1 1

V-MIX01/PF: fixed point mixing kit with three-speed pump (head of 4 m, 5 m, 6 m), three-way valve, by-pass with adjustable differential valve, supply and return thermometer, safety thermostat and thermostatic head with liquid sensor. V-MIX01/PV: variable point mixing kit with three-speed pump (head of 4 m, 5 m, 6 m), three-way valve, by-pass with adjustable differential valve, supply and return thermometer, safety thermostat and thermostatic head with liquid sensor.

L D2

V-MIX02 fixed point mixing kit

D2

I

D1

H

D1

D1 (inch) G3/4”

D2 (inch) 1”1/4

L (mm) 280

H (mm) 344

I (mm) 214

COD. VS0110303

(pcs)

1

Fixed point mixing kit complete with thermostatic head equipped with three-speed pump (head of 4 m, 5 m, 6 m), thermometer on supply and return, lockshield valve on outlet of primary circuit, pre-adjusted safety by-pass and no-return valve.

D2

In-wall V-BOX distribution and mixing modules for constant temperatur

H

D1

D1 (inch) G3/4” G3/4” G3/4”

D2 (inch) G3/4” G3/4” G3/4”

L

HxLxP (mmxmmxmm) Exit 1 690x595x190 High temperature 690x595x190 High temperature 690x595x190 Low temperature

Exit 2 Low temperature Low temperature Low temperature

Exit 3 - Low temperature Low temperature

Adjustment Fixed point Fixed point Fixed point

COD. VS0110311 VS0110331 VS0110352 ✱

(pcs)

1 1 1

Compact distribution module, encased version, for high and low temperature circuits with fixed point mixing valve. Available for supplying two or three zones one of which is high temperature for supplying radiators. They are supplied complete with a painted steel cabinet, expanded polypropylene insulation, manifold with hydraulic compensator incorporated, three-speed circulators with 5 m head, compact interception valves, adjustment thermostatic heads and safety thermostat. The module has three different possibilities of connection to the boiler. ✱ Article not in stock, must be ordered specially.

19

COMPONENTS CATALOGUE

Model V-MIX01/PF V-MIX01/PV

PV

D2

In-wall V-BOX distribution and mixing modules for variable temperature

H

D1

COMPONENTS CATALOGUE

2

D1 (inch) G3/4” G3/4” G3/4”

D2 (inch) G3/4” G3/4” G3/4”

L

HxLxP (mmxmmxmm) Exit 1 690x595x190 High temperature 595x690x190 High temperature 690x595x190 Low temperature

Exit 2 Low temperature Low temperature Low temperature

Exit 3 - Low temperature Low temperature

Adjustment Variable point Variable point Variable point

COD. VS0110321 VS0110341 VS0110353 ✱ ✱

(pcs)

1 1 1

Compact distribution module, encased version, for high and low temperature circuits, with variable point valve with motor option ✱. Available for supplying two or three zones one of which is high temperature for supplying radiators. Supplied complete with painted steel cabinet, expanded polypropylene insulation, manifold with hydraulic compensator incorporated, three-speed circulators with 5 m head, compact interception valves, adjustment thermostatic heads and safety thermostat. The module has three different possibilities of connection to the boiler. ✱ The motor to be applied to the mixing valve (not included) is code VS0110701. ✱ ✱ Article not in stock, must be ordered specially.

D2

Wall-hanging V-BOX distribution and mixing modules for constant temperature

H

D1

D1 (inch) G3/4” G3/4” G3/4”

D2 (inch) G3/4” G3/4” G3/4”

L

HxLxP (mmxmmxmm) Exit 1 590x490x190 High temperature 590x490x190 High temperature 590x490x190 Low temperature

Exit 2 Low temperature Low temperature Low temperature

Exit 3 - Low temperature Low temperature

Adjustment Fixed point Fixed point Fixed point

COD. VS0110312 VS0110332 VS0110355 ✱

(pcs)

1 1 1

Compact distribution module, wall-hung version, for high and low temperature circuits with fixed point mixing valve. Available for supplying two or three zones one of which is high temperature for supplying radiators. Supplied complete with painted steel cabinet, expanded polypropylene insulation , manifold with hydraulic compensator incorporated, three-speed circulators with head of up to 5 m, compact interception valves, adjustment thermostatic heads and safety thermostat. Complete with protective cover in painted steel. ✱ Article not in stock, must be ordered specially.

D2

Wall-hanging V-BOX distribution and mixing modules for variable temperature

H

D1

D1 (inch) G3/4” G3/4”

D2 (inch) G3/4” G3/4”

L

HxLxP (mmxmmxmm) Exit 1 590x490x190 High temperature 590x490x190 High temperature

Exit 2 Low temperature Low temperature

Exit 3 - Low temperature

Adjustment Variable point Variable point

COD. VS0110322 VS0110342

(pcs)

1 1

Compact distribution module, encased version for high and low temperature circuits with variable point valve with motor option. Available for supplying two or three zones one of which is high temperature for supplying radiators. Supplied complete with painted steel cabinet, expanded polypropylene insulation, manifold with hydraulic compensator incorporated, three-speed circulators with 5 m head, compact interception valves, adjustment thermostatic heads and safety thermostat. The module has three different possibilities of connection to the boiler. ✱ The motor to be applied to the mixing valve (not included) is code VS0110701.

20

Mixing sets for fixed point central heating systems

D1

H

D2

P

L

DN 25

D1 (inch) 1”1/2

D2 (inch) 1”

HxLxP (mmxmmxmm) 394x250x188

COD. VS0110802

(pcs)

2

1

Set with fixed point mixing valve with thermostatic option* with by-pass on secondary and primary circuit. The set is complete with three-speed circulator with maximum head of 6 m, insulation in expanded polypropylene, interception valves with integrated thermometer on supply and return and thermostatic head with liquid sensor (code VS0110405). Possibility of changing supply from right to left with possibility of installation of a differential pressure group.

COMPONENTS CATALOGUE

D1

Thermal power plants’ mixing groups with variable temperature

H

D2

p

DN 25 32 40

L

D1 (inch) G1” G1”1/4 G1”1/2

D2 (inch) G1”1/2 G2” DN 40 ✱

HxLxP (mmxmmxmm) 394x250x188 483x265x120 615x320x200

COD. VS0110803 VS0110809 VS0110815

(pcs)

1 1 1

✱ Flange DN 40 PN 6 with 4 holes. Group with variable point mixing valve with motor capacity ✱ ✱ with a by-pass on the secondary and primary. The group is complete with three speed circulator with maximum predominance 6 m, insulation in expanded polypropylene, interception valves with thermometer integrated on the supply and return. Possibility of changing supply from right to left with possibility of installing a differential pressure group. ✱ ✱ The motor to apply to the mixing valve (not included) is code number VS0110701.

D1

High temperature groups for thermal power plants

H

p

DN 25 32 40

D2

L

D1 (inch) G1” G1”1/4 G1”1/2

D2 (inch) G1”1/2 G2” DN 40 ✱

HxLxP (mmxmmxmm) 394x250x188 483x265x120 615x320x200

COD. VS0110801 VS0110807 VS0110813

(pcs)

1 1 1

✱ Flange DN 40 PN 6 with 4 holes. Group for high temperature circuits complete with three speed circulator with maximum predominance 6 m, insulation in expanded polypropylene, interception valves wit thermometer integrated on the supply and return.

21

Distribution manifold for thermal power plants

D2

H D1 L

COMPONENTS CATALOGUE

2

DN 25 25 25 25 32 ✱ ✱ ✱ 32 ✱ ✱ ✱ 32 ✱ ✱ ✱ 32 ✱ ✱ ✱ 40 40

D1 (inch) G1”1/2 G1”1/2 G1”1/2 G1”1/2 G1”1/2 G1”1/2 G1”1/2 G1”1/2 DN 65 ✱ DN 65 ✱

D2 (inch) G1”1/2 G1”1/2 G1”1/2 G1”1/2 G2” G2” G2” G2” DN 65 ✱ ✱ DN 65 ✱ ✱

Exits 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 3 4

HxLxP (mmxmmxmm) 120x505x120 120x755x120 120x1005x120 120x1255x120 150x530x150 150x795x150 150x1060x150 150x1325x150 220x1020x220 220x1340x220

COD. VS0110821 VS0110823 VS0110824 VS0110825 VS0110831 VS0110833 VS0110834 VS0110835 VS0110843 VS0110845

(pcs)

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

✱ Flange DN 40 PN 6 with 4 holes. ✱ ✱ Flange DN 65 PN 16 with 4 holes. ✱ ✱ ✱ Without compact interception valves (code VS0110869). Distribution manifolds for heat centres complete with insulation in expanded polypropylene with compact interception valves on the supply and return connections to the mixing and distribution group.

Compact interception valves kit with nut DN 32

D1

D

DN 32

D1 (inch) G1”1/2

D2 (inch) G2”

COD. VS0110869

(pcs)

1

D1

Hydraulic separator for distribution manifold

D D

H

D2 L

DN 25 32 40

D (inch) G1”1/2 G1”1/2 DN 65 ✱

D1 (inch) G1/2” G1/2” G1/2”

D2 (inch) G3/4” G1”1/4 G1”1/4

HxLxP (mmxmmxmm) 520x120x120 970x150x150 970x220x220

✱ Flange DN 65 PN 16 with 4 holes. Hydraulic separator complete with insulation in expanded polypropylene with threaded attachments for air vent groups and for system drainage.

22

COD. VS0110851 VS0110853 VS0110855

(pcs)

1 1 1

Manifold/hydraulic separator connection kit

DN 25 25 25 25 32 32 32 32 40

Manifold exits 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 3÷4

COD. VS0110871 VS0110873 VS0110874 VS0110875 VS0110881 VS0110883 VS0110884 VS0110885 VS0110891

(pcs)

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

2

Supply/return pipes insulated for connection of the distribution manifold to the vertical hydraulic separator.

COMPONENTS CATALOGUE

Support kit for manifold

DN 25-32 40

COD. VS0112021 VS0112023

(pcs)

1 1

The kit contains a pair of supports for fixing the manifold to the wall. The kit DN 40 is composed of small support feet, adjustable in height.

Differential pressure group

DN 25 32

COD. VS0110861 VS0110863

(pz)

1 1

Differential group composed of 3/4” valve with measurement field of 2 to 6.5 m.w.c. (maximum operating pressure 8 bar), fittings and seals.

Servo motors for mixing valve

Nominal voltage 230 Vac ✱ 24 Vdc ✱ ✱

Power consumption 2.5 W 1.5 W

Torque 5 Nm 5 Nm

Running time 140 s 140 s

COD. VS0110701 VS0110703

(pz)

1 1

✱ Servo motors with 3 point regulation system and 220V supply. It is complete with graded scale for the identification of the position and selector for changing the automatic/manual function. It is mounted by means of a blocking screw and a anti-rotation reference rod. ✱ ✱ Servo motors 0÷10 V complete with graded scale for the identification of the position and selector for changing the automatic/manual function. It is mounted by means of a blocking screw and a anti-rotation reference rod.

23

V-DRYAIR 250V isotherm dehumidifier for wall installation

COMPONENTS CATALOGUE

2

Item V-DRYAIR 250V ✱

Nominal flow 250 m3/h

Water flow 170 l/h

Voltage 230

HxLxP (mmxmmxmm) 729x705x212

COD. VS0110901

(pcs)

1

Isotherm in-wall recessed dehumidifier. V-DRYAIR 250V is used for the dehumidification in the summer of rooms that are cooled wit the use of radiant panels. The load-bearing structure is in galvanized sheet metal and the ventilation part is made up of a centrifugal ventilator and a motor with the choice of three speeds that guarantees efficiency and a silent operation. Air treatment is ensured by a refrigeration circuit composed of pre-treatment and post-treatment batteries in copper pipes and aluminium fins, an alternative compressor mounted on anti-vibration supports or springs, expansion capillary and dehydrator filter. ✱ For in-wall installation it must be combined with the housing cabinet and wooden panel cod. VSO110911.

V-DRYAIR 250H isotherm dehumidifier for ceiling installation with possibility of ducting

Item V-DRYAIR 250H

Nominal flow 250 m3/h

Water flow 170 l/h

Voltage 230

HxLxP (mmxmmxmm) 250x593x800

COD. VS0110903

(pcs)

1

Isotherm dehumidifier for ceiling installation with possibility of ducting for air delivery and return. V-DRYAIR 250H is used for the dehumidification in the summer of rooms that are cooled wit the use of radiant panels. The load-bearing structure is in galvanized sheet metal and the ventilation part is made up of a centrifugal ventilator and a motor with the choice of three speeds that guarantees efficiency and a silent operation. Air treatment is ensured by a refrigeration circuit composed of pre-treatment and post-treatment batteries in copper pipes and aluminium fins, an alternative compressor mounted on anti-vibration supports or springs, expansion capillary and dehydrator filter.

V-DRYAIR 450H isotherm dehumidifiers for ceiling installation with possibility of ducting

Item V-DRYAIR 450H ✱

Nominal flow 450 m3/h

Water flow 350 l/h

Voltage 230

HxLxP (mmxmmxmm) 405x875x655

COD. VS0110905

(pcs)

1

Isotherm dehumidifier for ceiling installation with possibility of ducting for air delivery and return. V-DRYAIR 250H is used for the dehumidification in the summer of rooms that are cooled wit the use of radiant panels. The load-bearing structure is in galvanized sheet metal and the ventilation part is made up of a centrifugal ventilator and a motor with the choice of three speeds that guarantees efficiency and a silent operation. Air treatment is ensured by a refrigeration circuit composed of pre-treatment and post-treatment batteries in copper pipes and aluminium fins, an alternative compressor mounted on anti-vibration supports or springs, expansion capillary and dehydrator filter. ✱ Can be combined with renewal and recovery unit cod. VS0110913 and plenum chamber cod. VS01109015.

24

V-DRYAIR 900H isotherm dehumidifiers for ceiling installation with possibility of ducting

Item V-DRYAIR 900H ✱

Nominal flow 900 m3/h

Water flow 600 l/h

Voltage 230

HxLxP (mmxmmxmm) 405x875x805

COD. VS0110907

(pcs)

1

✱ Can be connected to the renewal and recovery unit cod. VS0110917 and plenum chamber cod. VS01109019.

CHousing cabinet and wooden covering panel for V-DRYAIR 250V

COD. VS0110911

(pcs)

1

The housing cabinet is installed in the wall recess and houses the V-DRYAIR 250 V dehumidifier (cod. VS0110901); the base of the cabinet is perforated to allow passage of supply and return pipes, of pipes for the discharge of condensation and the electrical wires. The covering panel is made of white lacquered wood with air delivery and inhalation grid.

Renewal and recovery unit for V-DRYAIR 450H isotherm dehumidifiers

Maximum input current 0.7 A

Maximum input power 60 W

Voltage 230 Vca

HxLxP (mmxmmxmm) 405x750x655

COD. VS0110913

(pcs)

1

The renewal and recovery unit guarantees a fresh air exchange inside the building by recovering the heat being discharged which is then exchanged with fresh air from the outside; this process is created by intersecting the air flows, so that the process air is preheated/pre-cooled, thus increasing the efficiency of the unit and reducing energy consumption.

25

COMPONENTS CATALOGUE

Isotherm dehumidifier for ceiling installation with possibility of ducting for air delivery and return. V-DRYAIR 900H is used for the dehumidification in the summer of rooms that are cooled wit the use of radiant panels. The load-bearing structure is in galvanized sheet metal and the ventilation part is made up of a centrifugal ventilator and a motor with the choice of three speeds that guarantees efficiency and a silent operation. Air treatment is ensured by a refrigeration circuit composed of pre-treatment and post-treatment batteries in copper pipes and aluminium fins, an alternative compressor mounted on anti-vibration supports or springs, expansion capillary and dehydrator filter.

HxLxP (mmxmmxmm) 740x750x230

2

Plenum chamber for V-DRYAIR 450H isotherm dehumidifier

2

HxLxP (mmxmmxmm) 405x220x655

COD. VS0110915

(pcs)

1

COMPONENTS CATALOGUE

The plenum chamber is hooked up to the main recovery duct of the V-DRYAIR 450H isotherm dehumidifier and allows an increase in the ducts of up to maximum number of three, contemporarily. It has been designed so that all the panels can be dismantled in order to create the most suitable configuration for the system.

Renewal and recovery modules for V-DRYAIR 900H isotherm dehumidifier

Maximum input current 1.5 A

Maximum input power 150 W

Voltage 230 Vca

HxLxP (mmxmmxmm) 405x1050x805

COD. VS0110917

(pcs)

1

The renewal and recovery unit guarantees a fresh air exchange inside the building by recovering the heat being discharged which is then exchanged with fresh air from the outside; this process is created by intersecting the air flows, so that the process air is preheated/pre-cooled, thus increasing the efficiency of the unit and reducing energy consumption.

Plenum chamber for V-DRYAIR 450H isotherm dehumidifier

HxLxP (mmxmmxmm) 405x220x655

COD. VS0110919

(pcs)

1

The plenum chamber is hooked up to the main recovery duct of the V-DRYAIR 900H isotherm dehumidifier and allows an increase in the ducts of up to a maximum number of three, contemporarily. It has been designed so that all the panels can be dismantled in order to create the most suitable configuration for the system.

A B

Thermo-electric head

d

L

D (mmxmm) M28x1.5

Measuring fields 30÷50 °C

A (mm) 52

✱ Thermostatic head with immersion sensor for mixing kit.

26

B (mm) 81.5

L (mm) 160

d (mm) 11

COD. VS0110405 ✱

(pcs)

1

Thermo-electric head

Working frequency 24 V ✱ 220 V ✱ ✱

no. connections 2 wires 4 wires

COD. VS0110430 VS0110432

(pcs)

1 1

On/off thermoelectric heads with adaptor for distribution manifold. They regulate the flow in floor heating circuits. They are applied to the distribution manifolds (return side).

2

✱ Can be used only with the control unit code VS0110600 and VS0110605. ✱ ✱ Can be used with a direct connection to the zone thermostats (on/off signal) and to the electric line 220 V.

Circuit control unit

Max circuits 4 14

Working frequency 24 V 24 V

COD. VS0110600 VS0110605

COMPONENTS CATALOGUE

Zones 1 6

(pcs)

1 1

Control unit of heating circuits. It is the command box of the thermo-electric heads, which operates depending on the temperature picked up by the thermostats.

Mixing kit pump control module

Zones 2

Working frequency 24 V

COD. VS0110610

(pcs)

1

Module for increasing the number of zones controlled per control unit cod. VS0110600 and cod. VS0110605.

Mixing kit pump control module

Working frequency 24 V

COD. VS0110620

(pcs)

1

Module turns off the circulator pump when all the circuits are closed, to avoid activating the safety by-pass of the mixing kit.

Regulators for mixing groups for central heating systems

Working frequency No. of inlets 24-220 V 2

No. of relay outlets 2

COD. VS0111101

(pcs)

1

Electronic control that can be mounted with a DIN guide capable of managing 1 three-way valve. Regulates the opening of the valve in order to supply water to the system based on the programmed set point. 2 inlets for NTC probes for detecting the temperature (code VS0110057) are available, as well as 2 relay outlets for controlling the servomotor 220 V (code VS0110701).

27

V-CLIMA master adjustment kit

2

Function Heating and cooling

COMPONENTS CATALOGUE

Heating only

Working frequency 20/60 Vdc and 24 Vac (50÷60 Hz) 20/60 Vdc and 24 Vac (50÷60 Hz)

Working conditions

Dimensions of master control unit

COD.

-10°C÷60°C/U.R. < 90%

140x60x110

VS0111001

1

-10°C÷60°C/U.R. < 90%

140x60x110

VS0111011

1

(pz)

The V-CLIMA master adjustment kit is capable of adjusting the supply temperature of a floor heating system for one zone in relation to the variations in the external temperature. With the kit code VS0111001 the adjustment is made both in the winter mode (heating) and the summer mode (cooling), with the kit code VS0111011 the adjustment occurs in the winter mode. Possibility of management of up to 6 adjustment zones by means of the addition of expansion kit. The V-CLIMA master adjustment kit is complete with master unit with built-in terminal, connection kit, timer, supply probe, room temperature/humidity probe (or just temperature probe) and external temperature probe.

V-CLIMA expansion

Function Heating and cooling Heating only

Working frequency 20/60 Vdc and 24 Vac (50÷60 Hz) 20/60 Vdc and 24 Vac (50÷60 Hz)

Working conditions

Dimensions of expansion (mm)

COD.

-10°C÷60°C/U.R. < 90%

70x60x110

VS0111003

1

-10°C÷60°C/U.R. < 90%

70x60x110

VS0111013

1

(pz)

Expansion module capable of adjusting the supply temperature of a floor heating system for one zone in relation to the variations in the external temperature. With the kit code VS0111003 adjustment is made both in the winter mode (heating) and the summer mode (cooling), with the kit code VS0111013 adjustment occurs in the winter mode only. The V-CLIMA expansion kit is composed of an expansion unit to be connected to the master module, a connection kit, supply probe and temperature/humidity room probe (or just temperature probe).

V-CLIMA winter/summer converter

Working frequency 24 Vac (5°-60 Hz)

Working conditions 0-50 °C / U.R. < 90%

Dimensions of converter (mm) 87x36x60

COD. VS0111065

(pcs)

1

Transforming module that when connected to the V-CLIMA system is capable of activating the flow deviation valves on the supply of the floor heating system, opening the boiler circuit or the chilling circuit.

28

V-CLIMA remote adjustment terminal

Working frequency Supply through master unit or else by means of an external supplier 18/30 Vdc

Working conditions

Dimensions of terminal (mm)

COD.

-20°C÷60°C/U.R. < 90%

156x82x30

VS0111051

(pcs)

1

2

The remote terminal with LCD display allows the user to carry out all of the system adjustments and the maintenance technician to verify, test and set the operation parameters of the system. It is equipped with the function “time bands”, the passage from day mode to night mode of the heating system.

COMPONENTS CATALOGUE

Supply probe for the V-CLIMA system

Function Temperature probe

Working range -50°C÷105°C

Bulb dimensions (mm) 60x40

COD. VS0111057

(pcs)

1

Supply probe (NTC type) to interface with V-CLIMA system for the measurement of the supply temperature to the system.

Room probe for V-CLIMA system

Function Temperature/humidity probe Temperature probe

Working range 0°C÷50°C/U.R. 0÷100% 0°C÷50°C

Supply voltage 9/30 Vdc and 12/24 Vac 9/30 Vdc and 12/24 Vac

COD. VS0111058 VS0111060

(pcs)

1 1

Temperature detection probe (NTC type) and room humidity probe (0-1 V type convertible 4-20 mA).

External probe for V-CLIMA system

Function Temperature probe

Working range -30°C÷50°C/U.R. 0÷100%

Supply voltage 9/30 Vdc and 12/24 Vac

COD. VS0111059

(pcs)

1

External temperature detection probe (NTC type).

29

Fixer for clips

COD.

(pcs)

VS0112000

1

Fixer for clips cod. VS0109400 for anchoring MIXAL pipe to V-ELLE panel.

COMPONENTS CATALOGUE

2

Pipe unwinder

COD.

(pcs)

VS0112002

1

L

Antishrinkage net H

m

LxHxm (mmxmmxmm) 2000x1000x50

Wire (mm) 2

COD. VS0109700

(m2)

400

Anti-shrinkage grid in sheets, in galvanised steel for impact-resistant reinforced structures.

Polypropylene anti-shrinkage grid H

p

LxHxm (mxmmxmm) 50x1000x50

COD. VS0109701

(m2)

2

Anti-shrinkage grid in rolls, in high-resistant polypropylene for impact-resistant reinforced structures.

In-wall metal cabinet for distribution manifold

L (mm) 400 600 800 1000 1200

H (mm) 700÷820 700÷820 700÷820 700÷820 700÷820

S (mm) 80÷130 80÷130 80÷130 80÷130 80÷130

COD. VS0112007 VS0112008 VS0112009 VS0112010 VS0112011

(pcs)

1 1 1 1 1

In-wall cabinet for mixing kit and distribution manifold, adjustable in height and depth. In powder coated steel and complete with support feet.

30

3

Technical characteristics of the components

3.1 PEXAL and MIXAL pipe 3.1.1 General characteristics Valsir has chosen to use the PEXAL and MIXAL pipes for floor heating systems due to their excellent thermo-mechanical properties. The PEXAL and MIXAL pipes are characterised by a particular multilayer structure which distinguishes itself from other pipes used in floor heating systems in that it possesses an inner layer in aluminium which is completely wrapped around the pipe and makes it perfectly oxygen proof. The multilayer pipe offers all the typical advantages of a metal pipe as well as those of a plastic pipe and at the same time, the qualities of one material compensate for the inadequacies of the other. The negative aspects of metal, such as corrosion, toxicity, encrustations, rigidity, weight and elevated pressure loss, are neutralised by the crosslinked polyethylene, which is in contact with the fluid transported in the pipe. The negative aspects of plastic, such as the passage of gas, the sensitivity to UV rays, and the elevated thermal expansion are all overcome thanks to the layer in aluminium. The MIXAL pipe is the most suitable solution for the creation of floor heating systems both in civil and industrial applications. Its structure is composed of: ➀ an outer layer in high-density polyethylene HDPE, white in colour, RAL 9003, ➁ an intermediate layer of aluminium alloy, butt-welded in an axial direction, ➂ two binding layers of adhesive, which unite the intermediate metal layers to the outer and inner layers of plastic, ➃ an inner layer of crosslinked polyethylene PE-Xb.

3

Technical characteristics of the components

Figure 3.1.1 Multilayer structure of MIXAL pipe.

➀

➁ ➃

➂

31

The PEXAL pipe is mainly employed in water supply applications and for the creation of heating plants thanks to its structure composition: ➀ an outer layer of crosslinked polyethylene PE-Xb, white in colour, RAL 9003, ➁ an intermediate layer of aluminium alloy, butt-welded in an axial direction, ➂ two binding layers of adhesive unite the intermediate metal layer to the outer and inner layers of plastic, ➃ an inner layer of crosslinked polyethylene PE-Xb. Figure 3.1.2 Multilayer structure of PEXAL pipe.

➀

➁ ➃

3

Technical characteristics of the components

➂ The dimensional characteristics are indicated in the following table. Table 3.1.1 Characteristics of the MIXAL pipe for floor heating systems.

Characteristic

MIXAL

External diameter

mm

14

16

20

26

Total thickness

mm

2.0

2.0

2.0

3.0

Thickness of aluminium layer

mm

0.2

0.2

0.25

0.3

Weight

g/m

100

105

140

50

Water capacity

l/m

0.077

0.113

0.201

0.314

Operating temperature

°C

0÷80

0÷80

0÷80

0÷80

Maximum operating temperature

°C

95

95

95

95

Maximum operating pressure at 95°C

bar

10

10

10

10

mm/m·K

0.026

0.026

0.026

0.026

W/m·K

0.42

0.43

0.43

0.42

Internal roughness

mm

0.007

0.007

0.007

0.007

Oxygen diffusion

mg/l

0

0

0

0

Bending radius without pipe bender

mm

70

80

100

140

Bending radius with pipe bender

mm

35

50

80

100

Thermal expansion coefficient Internal heat conductivity

32

3.1.2 Characteristics of crosslinked polyethylene PE-Xb Crosslinked polyethylene PE-Xb has excellent mechanical characteristics in comparison with normal high-density polyethylene. The elevated stability of its mechanical properties, even at high temperatures, make it an absolutely ideal material for use in heating applications where the fluid conveyed can reach elevated temperatures. These characteristics are generated by the crosslinking process during which the material undergoes a structural modification, which improves its mechanical resistance, its resistance to abrasion and its resistance to chemical agents. Table 3.1.2 Some characteristics of crosslinked polyethylene PE-Xb.

Characteristic

Measurement unit

Value

kg/m3

950

Minimum degree of crosslinking

%

65

Softening temperature

°C

135

Tensile strength at 23°C

MPa

23

Tensile strength at 100°C

MPa

9

Thermal conductivity coefficient

W/m·K

0.38

Specific heat at 23°C

kJ/kg·K

1.92

Coefficient of linear expansion

mm/m·K

0.2

Density

3

The aluminium used in the production of the PEXAL and MIXAL multilayer pipes is composed of sheets of aluminium alloy. The sheet is formed around the layer of PE-X and the two extremities, which run along the length of the pipe, are butt welded with a TIG welding process (Tungsten Inert Gas). This technology enables the production of multilayer pipes with an aluminium thickness of 0.2 mm to 2.5 mm and, therefore, also large diameter pipes with an elevated aluminium thickness. The principal characteristics of the aluminium alloy utilised in the production of the multilayer pipe are good welding, elevated yield point, storage in dry areas to guarantee the perfect conservation of the aluminium. Figure 3.1.3 Aluminium layer in PEXAL and MIXAL pipes.

3.1.4 Mechanical behaviour The mechanical characteristics of the multilayer pipe make it ideal for use in floor heating systems. There is no spring-back, that is, once the pipe has been bent it maintains the circular section in proximity to the bend and remains in the desired position like a metal pipe; in this way, the applications of fixing clips that are normally used with all-plastic pipes, is considerably reduced.

33

Technical characteristics of the components

3.1.3 Characteristics of aluminium

3.1.5 Expansion The heat expansion of PEXAL and MIXAL multilayer pipes is 0.026 mm/m·K; this value is comparable to the heat expansion of metal pipes. The table below shows how all-plastic pipes have much higher expansion coefficients and, in particular, PE-X has an expansion coefficient of 0.20 mm/m·K. Table 3.1.3 Comparison of heat expansion with other materials.

Type of material

Heat expansion mm/m·K

PEXAL/MIXAL

0.026

Galvanised steel

0.012

Stainless steel

0.016

Copper

0.016

Plastic material (PE-X, PE-HD, PB, PPR, PE-RT)

0.120÷0.200

3.1.6 Resistance to abrasion, encrustation and corrosion

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPONENTS

3

PE-X does not corrode and its smooth surface does not favour the formation of encrustation. As it is not subject to corrosion, there is no build-up of rust particles resulting from galvanic corrosion. Furthermore, PE-X is particularly resistant to abrasion; this is an extremely important characteristic in the proximity of bends where the abrasive effect of fluids and the particles contained in the fluid, tends to be greater.

3.1.7 Barrier to oxygen and UV rays The inner layer of aluminium makes for a perfect barrier to the passage of gaseous molecules, thus avoiding every danger of corrosion caused by the infiltration of oxygen and damages caused by exposure to UV rays. In the following table, a comparison is made between the coefficients of oxygen transmission (Oxygen Transmission Rate) of aluminium, of the material used for the oxygen barrier (EVOH) in PE-X pipes with EVOH, and of crosslinked polyethylene. Figure 3.1.4 Impermeability to oxygen of the multilayer pipe and permeability of all-plastic pipes.

O2 O2 O2

O2

O2 O2 O2

O2

O2

O2 O2

O2

O2 © 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

O2

O2

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

Table 3.1.4 Coefficient of oxygen transmission OTR.

Pipe Aluminium Barrier EVOH PE-X

OTR a 25°C and 0% UR [cm3/20mm·m2·giorno·bar] 0 0,21 12000

The oxygen diffusion value in PEXAL and MIXAL pipes is zero thanks to the presence of the internal layer of aluminium across the entire range of diameters and regardless of room temperature and humidity.

34

In PE-X pipes with barriers, the oxygen transmission coefficient OTR increases as the temperature and relative humidity rises (Figure 3.1.5 and Figure 3.1.6). Even at a temperature of 45°C and with a relative humidity of 65%, the EVOH barrier has an oxygen transmission coefficient of almost 3.0 cm3/20m·m2·day·bar. Many of the PEX pipes distributed today on the market, possess an oxygen barrier that is generally positioned on the outside on the pipe. Such a layer is, therefore, significantly exposed not only to the danger of being scraped and cut but is also exposed to the negative effect of humidity which drastically reduces the barrier. Figure 3.1.5 Coefficient of oxygen transmission of EVOH in relation to temperature. 4.0

3.5

3.0

OTR to 65% UR

2.5

2.0

3

1.5

1.0

Technical characteristics of the components

0.5 © 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Temperature [°C]

Figure 3.1.6 Coefficient of oxygen transmission of EVOH in relation to relative humidity. 100 80 60 40 20

OTR to 20°C

10 8 6 4 2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.1

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

0

20

40

60

80

100

Relative humidity UR [%]

3.1.8 Lightweight The specific weights of the materials that make up the pipe are low. A coil of 100 metres of MIXAL 16x2 weighs approximately 10.5 kg.

3.1.9 Sound absorption The soundproof properties of the pipe are very good. The internal and external layers in polyethylene reduce noises, which are normally not absorbed by metal pipes. 35

3.1.10 Long lasting The PEXAL and MIXAL pipes are designed to resist a pressure of up to 10 bar with working temperatures of 95°C. The crosslinked polyethylene possesses, in fact, a very high ageing resistance. Artificial ageing tests carried out in laboratories guarantee the pipe a life of over 50 years. At operating temperatures below 95°C, the pipe can support pressures of over 10 bar without any damage being caused; at 20°C it can be used at a pressure as high as 25 bar. The technical characteristics of the PEXAL and MIXAL multilayer pipes are therefore of an elevated level, especially if they are compared with the real operating conditions of floor heating systems which, on average, operate at temperatures of 45°C and pressures which do not exceed 2-2.5 bar. The safety margin of floor heating applications with PEXAL and MIXAL multilayer pipes is very high. With a temperature of 95°C and a safety margin of 1.5, the pipe can be used at a pressure of 10 bar. At the same temperature, therefore, if used at a pressure of 2.5 bar, the safety coefficient increases to 6 and, obviously, increases even more if the temperature is reduced to 45°C.

3.1.11 Heat conductivity

3

The heat conductivity of the MIXAL pipe depends on the multilayer structure of the pipe, and in particular, on the thickness and the position of the aluminium layer. Whereas the value for PE-X pipes is 0.38 W/m·K, the conductivity of the MIXAL pipes ranges from 0.42 W/m·K to 0.43 W/m·K (see Table 3.1.1). This difference clearly favours the use of PEXAL and MIXAL pipes for floor heating systems in that it is possible to create systems with an optimum heat output.

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPONENTS

3.1.12 Comparison of heat outputs of different pipes As seen in the previous paragraph, the presence of the aluminium layer, its thickness and its particular position allow the achievement of excellent heat conductivity properties. With the MIXAL pipe, it is possible to create floor heating systems with higher heat outputs, in fact, the higher conductivity generates higher temperatures on the surface of the pipe than PEX pipes (see Figure 3.1.7) and this advantage is reflected, for example, in the possibility of using relatively lower supply temperatures (see Figure 3.1.8). Figure 3.1.7 External surface temperature of the pipe (example). Tm = 40°C

Tm = 40°C

Tde = 36.4°C

Tde = 35.7°C

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

MIXAL

Plastic pipe

Figure 3.1.8 Supply temperature (example). Ta = 20°C Tf = 27.3°C

Tf = 27.3°C

concrete

Tm = 39.3°C

Tm = 40°C MIXAL

Plastic pipe © 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

36

The greater performance of the MIXAL pipe as compared with PEX pipes is evident in Figure 3.1.9 where, with equal system conditions, greater thermal output is achieved. In the case examined, there is a increase of 2.2% in the thermal output, both with a pipe spacing of 15 cm and a pipe spacing of 22.5 cm Figure 3.1.9 Comparison of outputs of MIXAL 16x2 pipe and PEX 16x2 pipe.

Spacing 15 cm Thermal output 12 W/m +2.56%

Thermal output 11.7 W/m

Tm = 46°C

Tm = 46°C

v=0.11 m/s

v=0.11 m/s

∆T = 19°C

∆T = 19°C

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

MIXAL 16x2

3

PEX 16x2

Thermal output 18 W/m +2.22%

Thermal output 17.6 W/m

Tm = 46°C

Tm = 46°C

v=0.15 m/s

v=0.15 m/s

∆T = 14.4°C

∆T = 14.4°C

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

MIXAL 16x2

PEX 16x2

The considerations examined above allow us to reach a conclusion of significant importance, and that is, the possibility of using smaller diameters than those used with all-plastic pipes. To simplify the concept, let us imagine that we need to install a floor heating circuit for a 10 m2 room that requires a specific heat output of 80 W/m2. The floor is composed of a Valsir V-ESSE20 insulation panel, the layer of concrete above the pipes is 40 mm thick and for simplicity sake, we will not take any type of floor covering into account. In the following two tables, a comparison is made between the values of two circuits installed with a 17x2 diameter PEX pipe and a 16x2 MIXAL pipe with two different pipe spacing values and a supply temperature of 45°C.

It is evident that the flow and speed of the circuits are more or less the same and therefore, that the 16x2 diameter MIXAL pipe can be used instead of the 17x2 diameter PEX pipe.

37

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPONENTS

Spacing 22.5 cm

Table 3.1.5 Comparison between PEX and MIXAL with pipe spacing of 15 cm.

Characteristics

PEX 17x2

MIXAL 16x2

Pipe spacing [cm]

15

15

Supply temperature [°C]

45

45

Loop lengths [m]

66.7

66.7

Temperature difference ∆T [°C]

18.6

18.8

Flow [l/h]

46.6

46.1

Velocity [m/s]

0.10

0.11

Table 3.1.6 Comparison between PEX and MIXAL pipes with a pipe spacing of 22.5 cm.

Characteristics

PEX 17x2

MIXAL 16x2

22.5

22.5

45

45

Loop lengths [m]

44.4

44.4

Temperature difference ∆T [°C]

14.5

14.1

Flow [l/h]

61.4

60.0

Velocity [m/s]

0.13

0.15

Pipe spacing [cm]

Technical characteristics of the components

3

Supply temperature [°C]

Figure 3.1.10 Thermal output PEX 17x2 and MIXAL 16x2.

Same thermal output 12 W/m Spacing 15 cm

Tm = 45°C

Tm = 45°C

v=0.11 m/s

v=0.10 m/s

∆T = 18.8°C

∆T = 18.6°C

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

MIXAL 16x2

PEX 16x2

Same thermal output 18 W/m Spacing 22.5 cm

Tm = 45°C

Tm = 45°C

v=0.15 m/s

v=0.13 m/s

∆T = 14.5°C

∆T = 14.1°C

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

MIXAL 16x2

38

PEX 16x2

3.1.13 Pressure losses The internal layer of the pipe has an extremely smooth surface with a roughness of 0.007 mm. This surface does not favour the formation of incrustations or rust, which means that pressure loss is very low and does not alter over time. With the use of the diagrams in Figure 3.1.14, Figure 3.1.15 and Figure 3.1.16 it is possible to determine the pressure loss and flow speed in the PEXAL and MIXAL multilayer pipes in relation to the flow rate and the temperature of the water at 10°C, 30°C and 50°C respectively.

When dimensioning a floor heating circuit, localised pressure losses due to the continuous changes in direction of the radiant loops must also be accounted for. The linear pressure losses (calculated in the diagrams shown) must be increased by a percentage point, indicated in Table 3.1.7, which depends on the type of pipe layout adopted in the system. Table 3.1.7 Percentage increase in pressure losses in relation to the type of piping layout pattern.

Type of layout pattern

Percentage increase

Typical application

17%

Industrial systems, snowmelt systems (Figura 3.1.11)

Simple double serpentine

17%

Industrial systems, heating systems for rooms with elevated surface areas, gymnasiums, warehouses, etc. (Figura 3.1.12)

Counterflow spiral

13%

Residential systems (Figura 3.1.13)

Simple single serpentine

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPONENTS

Figure 3.1.11 Simple single serpentine.

Figure 3.1.12 Simple double serpentine.

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

3

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

Figure 3.1.13 Counter-flow spiral.

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

39

Water temperature: 10°C

0.006

0.008

200

100 80 60 40

20

14x2

0.12

16x2

0.14

18x2

0.16

20x2

0.18

1

26x3

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.35

0.3

0.25

0.2

Water velocity [m/s]

10 8 6 4

2

1 0.8 0.6 0.4

0.10

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

2

0.09

0.8

0.2

0.08

0.6

0.07

0.08

Water flow rate [l/s]

40

0.1

0.1

0.06

0.04

0.08 0.05

3

0.06 0.04

0.06

0.2

0.4

Technical characteristics of the components

Figure 3.1.14 Pressure losses with water at 10°C.

Pressure losses [mbar/m]

0.004

0.01

0.02

Figure 3.1.15 Pressure losses with water at 30°C.

Pressure losses [mbar/m]

Water temperature: 30°C

0.008

200

80

0.006

100 60 40

20

10 8 6 4

2

1 0.8 0.6

0.06

0.09

0.10 0.2

0.12

14x2

0.14

16x2

0.6

18x2

0.16

0.8

20x2

0,18

0.2

26x3

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.35

0.3

0.25

Water velocity [m/s]

41

Technical characteristics of the components

0.08

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

2

0.4

0.07

1

0.2

0.06

0.4

0.1

0.02

0.08

0.01

0.05

0.1 Water flow rate [l/s]

0.08

0.06 0.04 0.004

3 0.04

200 Water temperature: 50°C

0.006

100 80 60 40

20

10 8

14x2

0.14

16x2

0.16

18x2

0.18

20x2

0.2

1

26x3

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.35

0.3

0.25

Water velocity [m/s]

6 4

2

1 0.8 0.6

0.12

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

2

0.4

0.2

0.2

0.10

0.8

0.09

0.6

0.08

0.1

0.1

0.07

0.04

0.08 0.06

3

0.05 0.008

0.06 0.04

0.08

Water flow rate [l/s]

42

0.06

0.4

Technical characteristics of the components

Figure 3.1.16 Pressure losses with water at 50°C.

Pressure losses [mbar/m]

0.004

0.01

0.02

3.1.14 Quality control In the Valsir factories, the entire production process of the multilayer pipe undergoes continuous and strict quality controls. As well as the numerous tests requested by the protocols published by the most important international certification institutes, Valsir also carries out important tests of a high qualitative value on its products. The following paragraphs illustrate some of the tests carried out on the PEXAL and MIXAL multilayer pipes.

1. Dimensional aspect The principle test performed on the multilayer pipe by the Valsir quality control team is to measure the diameters and the thickness of the individual layers; this test is performed in the laboratory with the help of the most technologically advanced optical measurement equipment, complete with software capable of automatically carrying out the dimensional tests (the dimensions of the pipe are tested in the process using laser detectors). The sophisticated optical projector also enables the weld cross-section to be checked and therefore to verify that the weld has been correctly performed.

2. Separation test

3. Bending test The 90° bending test is one of the mechanical tests performed on the PEXAL pipe. This test is performed using a dynamometer that records the force required for bending. The test is passed if no squeezing or wrinkling of the external layer occurs on the test specimen.

4. Estimation of the degree of crosslinking The finished PEXAL and MIXAL multilayer pipe (which has already completed the crosslinking process) is subjected to a test that measures the degree of cross-linking achieved by the polymeric materials. The testing procedures are defined by international standards and are strictly followed by the operators assigned to perform the test; the degree of crosslinking of the polymers is used to assess the aggregation of the material’s molecules and it is therefore important for assessing the increase in the mechanical and chemical resistance of the polyethylene.

5. Pressure test Samples of the pipe are taken (at pre-established intervals) during the daily production of the PEXAL product. The samples are used to perform hydraulic tests at different pressures and at different temperatures. The tests are designed to determine whether the product is suitable for sale and to assess the product’s hydraulic, mechanical and structural characteristics. The tests are performed in suitable tanks or ovens at an electronically controlled temperature. The pressure values set at the entry of each individual test specimen and the test conditions are controlled and recorded at every moment by a computerised system and have been established during the certification phase of the product. 43

3

Technical characteristics of the components

Of equal importance is the separation test; this is performed using a computerised dynamometer capable of assessing the force required to separate the aluminium layer from the internal pipe (glued together). As a result, the test provides a graph describing the value of the force (at every point on the pipe’s circumference) to be applied to separate the layers. The adhesion between the PEX and the aluminium is fundamental for the seal of a multilayer pipe under pressure: the greater the adhesive strength, the greater the pressure the product can undergo.

6. Long duration tests The long duration tests are carried out to confirm the reliability of the product over time. In fact, they are carried out for 1000 hours both at 95°C in special tanks, and at 110°C in special ovens.

7. Cone test Samples of PEXAL and MIXAL pipe taken during the production phase at regular intervals undergo the cone test; this test is performed in compliance with international standards, and is carried out on-line by the production operators and in the laboratory by the Quality operators (in this case the test is performed using a computerised dynamometer); this test is designed to assess the seal of the weld and the sealing strength of the glue applied between the various layers, after having expanded the pipe by more than 13% of its nominal diameter.

Technical characteristics of the components

3

8. Dimensional test during production The diameters of the pipe are constantly monitored by laser instruments during the production of the PEXAL and MIXAL pipes, supported by a computerised system in the successive phases of the manufacturing process. In this way the production operators are able to observe the trend graphs of the individual diameters on the line monitors at every moment. Appropriate alarms are activated when the values are outside the preestablished range.

9. Tensile test The fundamental raw material for the production of the PEXAL and MIXAL pipes is aluminium; in order to avoid defects in the supply of this material (even with top quality suppliers) Valsir carries out tests on each consignment by measuring the dimensions and mechanical characteristics; the mechanical properties are verified by carrying out tensile tests (established by international standards) on samples of material randomly selected from the batch that has been delivered; the tests are carried out with the use of sophisticated computerised dynamometrical instruments.

10. Analysis of melt flow index All of the polymerical raw materials utilised in the manufacture of the multilayer pipe are controlled on arrival in order to verify their principal characterisitcs; this allows Valsir to produce with the certainty of employing materials suitable for manufacturing. The instruments utilised for the controls are the most technogically advanced: for example, the melt flow index measurement is taken with the use of the most up-to-date automatic appliances.

44

11. Heat resistance test The controls carried out by the Valsir quality control laboratories on the polymerical materials employed in the production of the PEXAL and MIXAL pipes, do not end with the controls carried out on in-coming materials, but continue after the production phase. The shrinkage and sliding test are carried out on the finished product on the various layers of polyethylene; pieces of pipe undergo artificial ageing tests and thermal stress tests in thermostatic cells.

12. Suitability of internal diameter (marble test) Along the production line every coil of PEXAL and MIXAL multilayer product is tested by inserting a steel marble into the pipe that is then pushed into the same with the use of compressed air. This operation ensures that there are no collapses or obstacles within the pipe.

At each production start-up of the PEXAL and MIXAL multilayer pipes and the plastic fittings in PPSU (Polyphenyl Sulfone) a pressure cycle test is performed at 23°C. This consists of creating sudden pressure changes (frequency = 30 cycles per minute) inside the test specimen ranging from the lowest value (0.5 bar) to the highest value (25 bar) for 10,000 times with the aim of verifying the mechanical stability of the product and consequently the complete absence of leaks.

14. Vibration test At each production start-up of the multilayer pipe a vibration test is performed: this consists of subjecting a 2 m long specimen, obtained by combining two 1 m long pipes each with an intermediate fitting, to a combination of static pressure (15 bar) and vertical mechanical stress of misalignment (± 10 mm) with the aim of verifying the pipe-fitting compatibility or more precisely the absence of withdrawing. Each pipefitting combination is subjected to a total of 330 cycles each lasting 80 seconds that are made up of 20 seconds of vibrations with a pause of 60 seconds. The test is considered positive if there are no leaks or ruptures.

15. Thermal cycle test In order to guarantee the reliability of the PEXAL multilayer system and its relative fittings, in brass and in PPSU, over time, fatigue tests are carried out in Valsir. There are several fatigue tests that can be carried out, however, the most requested one is the “Thermal Cycling Test” commonly abbreviated to TCT. The test consists of first of all assembling a circuit by uniting the pipes and fittings in accordance with a pattern established by the European Standard UNI EN 12293. The circuit then undergoes a 5000 cycle thermal test with hot and cold water. This test is undertaken to verify the suitability and the compatibility of the multilayer pipe and its fittings.

45

Technical characteristics of the components

13. Pipe hammer

3

3.1.15 Pipe approvals IIP-UNI: certificate of conformity of the PEXAL multilayer pipe systems to convey hot and cold water in domestic water an space heating systems.

RINA: approval, which guarantees the use of the PEXAL multilayer system on board ships for domestic water, heating and air-conditioning systems. IIS: Qualification certificate of the aluminium welding procedure adopted in the production of the PEXAL multilayer pipe, in accordance with specifications EN 288-8: 1997 Annexes No. 12. AS 4176 SPEC. 438 LN IP083: certificate of conformity of the PEXAL system to convey hot and cold drinking water under pressure.

Technical characteristics of the components

3

AS/NZS 4020 (PEXAL):

Certificate of suitability of the PEXAL multilayer pipe to convey cold and hot water (up to 85°C) in domestic water systems. ANALYSIS REPORT: MAT/ASN 018D.

AS/NZS 4020 (PPSU):

Certificate of suitability of the PPSU fittings to convey cold and hot water (up to 85°C) in domestic water systems. ANALYSIS REPORT: MAT/ASN 019D.

MC - GOST: certificate of conformity of the PEXAL system to be used to transport hot and cold drinking water in domestic water and heating systems.

Polish certificate of suitability for the installation of PEXAL piping for heating, the supply of hot and cold water for domestic use.

Polish certificate of suitability of the PEXAL system for the supply of drinking water.

Approval that guarantees the suitability of the PEXAL multilayer pipe for use in conveying hot water to heating systems. OVGW: system certification inherent to the PEXAL product to be used in water supply systems in domestic water and space heating systems. The certification places particular attention on the quality aspect but also on the environmental aspect (e.g.: Emissions during production and the recycling of each single component during use). Approval that guarantees the use of the PEXAL system for transporting hot water in space heating systems.

46

Approval that guarantees the suitability of the PEXAL multilayer pipe to be used for transporting hot water in space heating systems.

Approval that guarantees the suitability of the PEXAL system to be used for domestic water systems.

Product certification inherent to the suitability of the PEXAL multilayer system to be used in space heating systems.

Product certification inherent to the suitability of the PEXAL multilayer system to be used in domestic water systems.

BS 6920 (PEXAL):

Certificate of the suitability of the PEXAL multilayer pipe to convey cold and hot drinking water in domestic water systems with temperatures as high as 85°C. ANALYSIS REPORT: MAT/LAB 636L.

BS 6920 (PPSU):

Certificate of suitability of the PEXAL multilayer pipe to convey cold and hot drinking water in domestic water systems with temperatures as high as 85°C. ANALYSIS REPORT: MAT/LAB 637L.

Approval that guarantees the suitability of the PEXAL multilayer pipe and fittings both in plastic (Pexal Easy) and in metal (compression and crimp) to be used for the transport of hot and cold water in domestic water and space heating systems. Approval that guarantees the use of the PEXAL multilayer system for transporting cold and hot water in domestic water and space heating systems. Product approval inherent to the suitability of the PEXAL system to be used for transporting hot and cold water in domestic water, space heating and air conditioning systems. Product approval inherent to the suitability of the PEXAL and MIXAL multilayer pipe to be used in space heating systems.

Product approval inherent to the suitability of the PEXAL multilayer pipe to be used in space heating systems.

Certificate of conformity of the brass and PPSU fittings for transporting hot and cold drinking water in domestic water systems.

Product certification inherent to the suitability of the PEXAL multilayer pipe to be used in domestic water systems.

Approval that guarantees the sutiability of the PEXAL multilayer pipe to be used for transporting hot water in space heating systems. 47

Technical characteristics of the components

Approval that guarantees the use of the PEXAL multilayer system on board ships, for domestic water systems and space heating.

3

3.2 V-ESSE, V-ELLE, V-ZETA, V-ERRE and V-ENNE insulation panels 3.2.1 V-ESSE panel The V-ESSE panel is a pocketed, expanded polystyrene panel with a blue EPS film, which gives it a good surface resistance to stamping. It has been studied and designed for residential systems, commercial areas or warehouses where the floor load is not very high. In fact the panel has a density of 30 kg/cm3 with a compressive strength of 150 kPa. Spacing is 75 mm and the panel is available in two thicknesses. V-ESSE20 has a base thickness of 20 mm with a total thickness of 50 mm, V-ESSE30 has a base thickness of 30 mm and a total thickness of 60 mm. The V-ESSE panel is characterised by an L-profile joint, which allows a stable connection. The laying of the pipe is facilitated by alternated incisions on the bosses; this allows long lengths of pipe to be laid by following the bosses with the same incision (see Figure 3.2.1 and Figure 3.2.2). Figure 3.2.1 V-ESSE panel.

Technical characteristics of the components

3

Figure 3.2.2 Dimensions of the V-ESSE panel.

P H

s1 s

48

L

Table 3.2.1 Characteristics of the V-ESSE panels.

Panel characteristics Resistance

Measurement unit

V-ESSE20

V-ESSE30

Reference standard

-

Class 150

Class 150

UNI EN ISO 13163

Residential systems and commercial areas such as offices and shops or warehoused with average density floor loads.

Application

Expanded polystyrene Expanded polystyrene with blue EPS film. with blue EPS film.

Panel material

-

Surface type

-

Pre-formed

Pre-formed

-

Panel working dimensions HxL

mmxmm

1350x750

1350x750

-

Total dimensions of panel H1xL1

mmxmm

1370x770

1370x770

-

Panel surface

m

1.012

1.012

-

Minimum pipe spacing p

mm

75

75

-

Insulation thickness s1

mm

20

30

-

Total thickness s

mm

50

60

-

kg/m

30

30

UNI EN ISO 845

Compressive strength

kPa

150

150

UNI EN ISO 13163

Flexural strength

kPa

250

250

UNI EN ISO 13163

Fire resistance

-

Euroclass E

Euroclass E

EN 13501-1

Dimensional stability at 70°C for 48 h

%

±0.5

±0.5

UNI EN ISO 13163

Thermal conductivity

W/mK

0.034

0.034

UNI EN ISO 13163

Thermal resistivity

m2K/W

0.8

1.1

-

Type of packaging

-

Cardboard box

Cardboard box

-

Number of panels per package

-

12

10

-

12.14

10.12

-

Density

3

m

2

3

Mark

49

Technical characteristics of the components

Surface area per package

2

-

3.2.2 V-ELLE panel The V-ELLE insulation panel is a smooth panel in coils of expanded polystyrene with a grey aluminzied film in polyester with red squares with a spacing of 50 mm to facilitate installation. It is supplied in coils, which are laid with extreme facility by simply unrolling the panel onto the floor. It is supplied in two versions that differ in thickness and compressive strength; these structural differences make them suitable for different applications. The V-ELLE20/200 panel has a thickness of 20 mm, a density of 30 kg/cm3 and a compressive strength of 200 kPa. These characteristics make it suitable for residential or commercial heating systems but especially for areas where the available height for the installation is limited (less than 100 mm). The V-ELLE30/250 panel has a thickness of 30 mm and a density of 40 kg/cm3. Given its elevated compressive strength of 250 kPa, it can be utilised both in residential and industrial jobs, wherever the surface load is very high. It is also ideal for snowmelt and de-icing systems (entrance ramps, car parks, squares, etc.). Figure 3.2.3 V-ELLE panel.

Technical characteristics of the components

3

Figure 3.2.4 Dimensions of the V-ELLE panel. H

L s

50

Table 3.2.2 Characteristics of the V-ELLE panels.

Panel characteristics

Measurement unit

V-ELLE20/200

V-ELLE30/250

Reference standard

-

Class 200

Class 250

UNI EN ISO 13163

Resistance

Residential systems or commercial areas Residential systems such as offices and or commercial areas shops or warehouse but above all it is with medium intensity suitable for industrial floor loads. Specially systems due to its designed for systems elevated compressive where installation strength. It is suitable height is limited or for snowmelt and deelse in renovations icing systems. jobs.

Application

Expanded polystyrene with multilayer grey aluminized film with blue squares with a 50 mm spacing and 30 mm adhesive border.

Panel material Surface type

Smooth

Smooth

-

mmxm

1000x12

1000x12

-

Panel surface

m

12

12

-

Total thickness s

mm

20

30

-

kg/m3

30

40

UNI EN ISO 845

Compressive strength

kPa

200

250

UNI EN ISO 13163

Flexural strength

kPa

250

350

UNI EN ISO 13163

Fire resistance

-

Euroclass E*

Euroclass E*

EN 13501-1

Dimensional stability at 70° for 48 h

%

±0.5

mS

3

the water will begin to mix and will cause an increase in the return temperature of the primary circuit. We have, therefore:

Technical characteristics of the components

TP1 = TS1 TP2 > TS2 With the supply temperature in the primary side TP1 [°C], the flow in the primary mP [kg/s] eand the thermal output requested by the system Q [W] it is possible to determine the return temperature in the primary side. TP2 = TP1 -

Q cP · mP

With the flow mP [kg/s] in the secondary side, the return temperature TS2 can be determined: TS2 = TS1 -

Q Q = TP1 cP · mS cP · mS

c) Flow in the primary circuit lower than the flow in the secondary circuit Figure 3.7.40 Flow in the primary circuit less than the flow in the secondary circuit. TP1

TS1

TS2 © 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

TP2

Should the flow in the primary circuit be less than the flow in the secondary circuit mP < mS

the water will begin to mix with the effect of decreasing the supply temperature in the secondary circuit. We have therefore: TP1 > TS1 102

TP2 = TS2 the supply temperature on the primary side TP1 [°C], the flow in the primary circuit mP [kg/s] and the required heat output of the system Q [W] the return temperature in the primary side can be determined. TP2 = TP1 -

Q cp · mP

With the flow ms [kg/s] in the secondary side the supply temperature TS1 can be determined, to be used for dimensioning the system (radiators, floor heating, etc.): TS1 = TS2 +

Q Q = TP2 + cP · mS cP · mS

3.7.4.3 Example 1 Consider a system such as then one shown in the figure and determine the supply temperature to the heating circuit.

3 Radiant floor 2

Radiant floor 1

Technical characteristics of the components

Radiator circuit

Figure 3.7.41 System layout.

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

Radiator circuit - Flow m1 = 400 kg/h - Heat output Q1 = 9 kW Floor heating circuit 1 - Flow m2 = 330 kg/h (boiler side) - Heat output Q2 = 5 kW Floor heating circuit 2 - Flow m3 = 520 kg/h (boiler side) - Heat output Q3 = 22 kW Generator - Supply temperature TP1=70°C - Flow mP = 2500 kg/h - Heat output QG = 50 kW

103

Total heat output required by the system By summing the required outputs of each heating circuit we obtain: Q = Q1 + Q2 - Q3 = 9000 + 15000 + 22000 = 46000 W Flow of the secondary The flow in the secondary circuit is obtained by summing the flows of the single heating circuits; with floor heating systems supplied by mixers, the flow to be considered is obviously the flow of the boiler side (diversion flow). mS = m1 + m2 + m3 = 400 + 330 + 520 = 1250 kg/h = 0.3472 kg/s Flow of the primary The flow in the primary circuit is the maximum flow supplied by the generator pump: mP = 2500 kg/h = 0.6944 kg/s

3

Supply temperature of the secondary circuit In this case the flow of the primary circuit is greater than the flow in the secondary circuit and therefore the separator works with a supply temperature in the secondary circuit equal to the temperature in the primary circuit:

Return temperature of the primary circuit The return temperature is: TP2 = TP1 -

Q 46000 = 54°C = 70 cp · mP 4190 · 0.6944

Return temperature of the secondary circuit In these conditions the supply temperature of the secondary is equal to the supply temperature of the primary: TS2 = TS1 -

Q cp · mS

= TP1 -

Q 46000 =38°C = 70 cp · mS 4190 · 0.3472

70°C 70°C 2500 kg/h

1250 kg/h 38°C

54°C © 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

104

Radiant floor 2

Radiant floor 1

Figure 3.7.42 System layout, flows and temperatures. Radiator circuit

Technical characteristics of the components

TS1 = TP1 = 70°C

3.7.4.4 Example 2 Consider a system like the one shown in the layout in the figure and determine the supply temperature of the heating system.

circuito radiatori 3

circuito radiatori 2

circuito radiatori 1

Figure 3.7.43 System layout.

3

Technical characteristics of the components

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

Radiator circuit 1 - Flow m1 = 770 kg/h - Heat output Q1 = 9 kW Radiator circuit 2 - Flow m2 = 1900 kg/h - Heat output Q2 = 22 kW Radiator circuit 3 - Flow m3 = 1290 kg/h - Heat output Q3 = 15 kW Generatore - Supply temperature TP1 = 75°C - Flow mP = 2500 kg/h - Heat output QG = 50 kW Total heat output required by the system By summing the required outputs of each heating circuit, we obtain: Q = Q1 - Q2 - Q3 = 9000 + 15000 + 22000 = 46000 W Flow of the secondary circuit The flow of the secondary circuit is obtained by summing the flows of the single heating circuits: mS = m1 + m2 + m3 = 770 + 1900 + 1290 = 3960 kg/h = 1.1 kg/s Flow of the primary circuit The flow in the primary circuit is the maximum flow supplied by the generator pump: mP = 2500 kg/h = 0.6944 kg/s

105

Return temperature of the primary circuit The return temperature is: TP2 = TP1 -

Q 46000 = 59°C = 75 4190 · 0.6944 cp · mP

Return temperature of the secondary circuit In this case the flow in the primary circuit is below the flow in the secondary circuit and therefore the return temperature in the secondary circuit is the same as the return in the primary circuit: TS2 = TP2 = 59°C Supply temperature of the secondary circuit The supply temperature in the secondary circuit and that must be used for feeling the heating circuits is: TS1 = TS2 +

75°C 69°C 2500 kg/h

3960 kg/h 59°C

59°C © 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

106

Radiator circuit 3

Radiator circuit 2

Radiator circuit 1

Figure 3.7.44 System layout, flows and temperatures.

Technical characteristics of the components

3

Q 46000 = 69°C = 59 + 4190 · 1.1 cp · mS

3.7.5 Dimensioning of the mixing groups Dimensioning of the mixing groups is demonstrated with an example. The technique adopted is also valid for high temperature distribution groups where the total flows that transit inside the groups must be employed due to the fact that with these distribution groups there is no mixing process.

3.7.5.1 Example The task is to dimension mixing modules for supplying three low temperature zones for which we know the following characteristics. Boiler - Supply temperature TMc = 70°C Zone 1 - Flow mu,1 = 1854 kg/h (utility side) - Heat output Q1 = 15.3 kW - Supply temperature TMu,1 = 40.6°C - Return temperature TRu,1 = 33.5°C - Pressure loss ∆Pu,1 = 32 kPa

3

Technical characteristics of the components

Zona 2 - Flow mu,2 = 1511 kg/h (utility side) - Heat output Q2 = 12.3 kW - Supply temperature TMu,1 = 40.6°C - Return temperature TRu,2 = 33.6°C - Pressure loss ∆Pu,2 = 29 kPa Zone 3 - Flow mu,3 = 1104 kg/h (utility side) - Heat output Q3 = 12.2 kW - Supply temperature TMu,3 = 40.6°C - Return temperature TRu,3 = 31.1°C - Pressure loss ∆Pu,3 = 39 kPa Figure 3.7.45 System layout. Zone 1

Zone 2

Zone 3

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

107

Calculation of the diversion flows The diversion flows are on the boiler side; the mixers divert part of the flow coming form the boiler to mix it with the return water from the heating circuits. In order to dimensions the heating plants we need to know the flows on the boiler side that can be calculated by using the formulas indicated in paragraph 3.7.1.2, from which we obtain: mc = mu ·

(TMu - TRu) (TMc - TRu)

And therefore, for the three mixers, the flows on the boiler side (diversion flows) are: mc,1 = mu,1 ·

mc,2 = mu,2 ·

3

mc,3 = mu,3 ·

(TMu,1 - TRu,1) (TMc - TRu,1) (TMu,2 - TRu,2) (TMc - TRu,2) (TMu,3 - TRu,3) (TMc - TRu,3)

= 1854 ·

(40.6 - 33.5) = 360 kg/h (70 - 33.5)

= 1511 ·

(40.6 - 33.6) = 290 kg/h (70 - 33.6)

= 1104 ·

(40.6 - 31.1) = 269 kg/h (70 - 31.1)

Technical characteristics of the components

Total flow on boiler side The total flow on the boiler side is given by the sum of the diverted flows from each mixer: mc = mc,1 + mc,2 + mc,3 = 360 + 290 + 269 = 919 kg/h Return temperature to the boiler This is given by the energy balance on the distribution manifold (return side) between the inlet and the outlet: mc · TRc = mc,1 · TRu,1 - mc,2 · TRu,2 + mc,3 · TRu,3 from which we obtain: TRc =

mc,1 · TRu,1 - mc,2 · TRu,2 - mc,3 · TRu,3 =32.8°C mc

Choice of the size of the mixing module 1 In order to choose the correct size we must compare the total pressure loss generated by the entire system separator+manifold+mixer+user with the head supplied by the pump in relation to the required flow. The pressure losses in the separator could be overlooked in that they are compensated for by the boiler pump, but to have a greater safety margin we prefer to take them into consideration. It is necessary to determine the pressure losses generated by each single element that makes up the system and we start by considering the mixer with the smallest size: DN 25. Hydraulic separator. The pressure loss is evaluated when the total flow is flowing through the separator mc . From the diagrams in paragraph 3.7.4, in correspondence with the flow rate of 919 kg/h, the pressure loss is identified ∆pseparator = 0.3 kPa.

108

Figure 3.7.46 Identification of the pressure loss in the separator. ∆P

P1

5

Pressure loss ∆P [kPa]

P2 4 3 2 1 0,3 0

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

919

0

1000

2000

Flow Q [l/h]

Manifold. We proceed in the same way, using the diagrams in paragraph 3.7.3. In correspondence with flow mc = 919 kg/h the pressure loss is identified ∆pmanifold = 0.6 kPa considering the curve of the 3-way manifold.

3

Figure 3.7.47 Identification of the pressure loss in the manifold.

Pressure loss ∆P [kPa]

P2

2

P1

1 0,6 © 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

0 0

919

500

1000

1500

Flow Q [l/h]

Mixer. From the diagrams of paragraph 3.7.1 the pressure loss in the mixer is identified and the head given by the pump at maximum speed. In this case, the flow to be considered is the flow on the utility side in that the curves are based on the flow of water of the heating circuit. In correspondence with the flow mu,1 = 1854 kg/h, the pressure loss is identified ∆pmixer = 12 kPa and a pump head of H = 38 kPa. Figure 3.7.48 Identification of the pressure loss and the pump head of the mixer. 40 38 ∆P

Pressure loss ∆P [kPa]

30

P2

P1

20

12 10

0

Residual head of module Pressure loss of module Head of pump © 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

0

400

800

1200

1600

1854 2000

Flow Q [l/h]

109

Technical characteristics of the components

3-way manifold 2-way manifold

3

The total pressure loss is equal to: ∆ptotal = ∆pseparatore +∆pcollettor +∆pmixer +∆putility= 0.3 + 0.6 + 12 + 32 = 44.9 kPa In comparing it with the pump head it can be seen that the mixer DN 25 is not enough to guarantee the required flow: (H = 38 kPa) < (∆ptotal= 44.9 kPa) We therefore consider a larger mixer of DN 32 and we proceed in the same way. Hydraulic separator. ∆pseparator = 0.1 kPa. Manifold. ∆pmanifold = 0.3 kPa. Mixer. ∆pmixer = 3.3 kPa e H = 22 kPa. The total pressure loss is equal to:

3

∆ptotal = ∆pseparator +∆pmanifold +∆pmixer +∆putility= 0.1 + 0.3 + 3.3 + 32 = 35.7 kPa and when we compare it to the pump head we can verify that the mixer size DN 32 is sufficient for feeding the first part of the system:

Technical characteristics of the components

(H = 38 kPa) > (∆ptotal= 35.7 kPa). Choice of the size of the mixing module 2 We use the same procedure to analyse the size DN 25 considering the pressure losses of the manifodl and the separator pertinent to DN 32. In fact the size of the manifold and the separator must correspond to the biggest mixer. By carrying out the same procedure for the second mixer we obtain a DN 25. Hydraulic separator. ∆pseparator = 0.1 kPa. Manifold. ∆pmanifold = 0.3 kPa. Mixer. ∆pmixer = 8.7 kPa e H = 42 kPa. ∆ptotal = ∆pseparator + ∆pmanifold + ∆pmixer + ∆putility = 0.1 + 0.3 + 8.7 + 29 = 38.1 kPa (H = 42 kPa) > (∆ptotal= 38.1 kPa). Selection of the size of the mixing module 3 For the third mixer we obtain the size DN 25. The pressure losses in the separator and in the manifold must correspond to those of size DN 32 in that these components must be of the biggest size amongst the mixing modules. Hydraulic separator. ∆pseparator = 0.1 kPa. Manifold. ∆pmanifold = 0.3 kPa. Mixer. ∆pmixer = 5.5 kPa e H = 46.5 kPa. ∆ptotal = ∆pseparator + ∆pmanifold + ∆pmixer + ∆putility= 0.1 + 0.3 + 5.5 + 39 = 44.9 kPa (H = 46.5 kPa) > (∆ptotal = 44.9 kPa).

110

Manifold and hydraulic separator The size of the manifold and the hydraulic separator, as mentioned previously, must correspond to the biggest size among all of the mixing modules. Therefore, we must use a DN 32 both for the manifold and for the hydraulic separator. Figure 3.7.49 System layout. Zone 1 DN 32

Zone 2 DN 25

Zone 3 DN 25

DN 32 DN 32

3 © 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

Technical characteristics of the components

111

3.8 V-DRYAIR isotherm dehumidifiers for cooling systems 3.8.1 Condensation and the dehumidification of air

Figura 3.8.1 Mollier diagram, calculation of the temperature of dew. Relative humidity UR

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

50 45 40

T=37°C UR=0,5

Temperature T [°C]

35 30 25

=1.0

20

Satu

10

T=25°C

UR urve

nc

ratio

15 5 0 -5

-10 0

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

5

10

15 20 25 Absolute humidity UA [gV/kgAS]

30

35

To avoid this problem it is necessary to dehumidify the air thus reducing its humidity content. In fact, if we consider a mass of air at the same temperature of 37°C but with a relative humidity of 35%, we note that the dew temperature falls to 19°C. In this way the temperature of the radiant surface can be reduced to 20/21°C to increase the cooling performance and avoid the risk of condensation formation. Figure 3.8.2 Temperature of dew of the air at 37°C with different values of relative humidity. Relative humidity UR

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

50 45 40 Temperature T [°C]

Technical characteristics of the components

3

Radiant systems absorb sensible heat but they cannot absorb latent heat, or, that is, the heat caused by the condensation of the water contained in the air (phase transition). Just as the humidity contained in the air condenses onto a “cold” glass, it can also condense onto a “cold” surface, such as the radiant floor that is operating in the cooling mode. Depending on the quantity of water contained in the air and therefore its relative humidity, it will be necessary to dehumidify the environment in order to reduce the possibility of condensation forming on the floor surface. Air has the capacity of containing a certain quantity of water in the form of vapour; this capacity is represented by the absolute humidity AH (g of vapour in one kg of dry air) and it has a maximum value (saturation) which is an increasing funtion of the air temperature T. Relative humidity RH is the ratio of the quantity of water vapour contained in a mass of air to the maximum quantity of water vapour that the same mass of air can contain at the same temperature conditions (saturation). Relative humidity is measured as a percentage, if relative humidity is 100% this means that the saturation conditions have been reached and condensation commences, the so-called dew temperature has therefore been reached. This means that a descrease in temperature results in an unstable state of the humid air, in which there is an excessive amount of vapour. Equilibrium is reached through condensation, that is, the transition phase from the gaseous state to the liquid state of the excess vapour. This phenomenon occurs on contact with “cool” surfaces, that is, those surfaces that possess a lower temperature than the temperature of dew, a value that is deduced from the Mollier diagram. Supposing relative humidity is 50% and air temperature is 37°C, it is possible to determine at what temperature condensation will commence. By cooling the air, starting out at the point characterised by T=37°C and RH=0.5 and descending vertically (maintaining absolute humidity AH constant) toward the saturation curve. On reaching the saturation curve we identify a dew temperature of 25°C. This means that if a mass of air at 37°C with relative humidity of 50% comes into contact with a radiant surface at a temperature of 25°C, the result will be the formation of condensation.

T=37°C UR=0.5

T=37°C UR=0.35

35 30 25

.0

T=25°C

=1 T=19°C e UR curv n o i rat Satu

20 15 10 5 0 -5

-10 0

112

© 2008 Valsir S.p.A.

5

10

15 20 25 Absolute humidity UA [gV/kgAS]

30

35

3.8.2 V-DRYAIR 250V and V-DRYAIR 250H isotherm dehumidifiers he V-DRYAIR 250 dehumidifiers are used for summer dehumidification of rooms that are cooled with the use of radiant panels. The load-bearing structure is in galvanized sheet metal and the ventilation part is made up of a centrifugal ventilator and a motor with the choice of three speeds that guarantees efficiency and a silent operation. Air treatment is ensured by a refrigeration circuit composed of pretreatment and post-treatment batteries in copper pipes and aluminium fins, an alternative compressor mounted on anti-vibration supports or springs, expansion capillary and dehydrator filter. The V-DRYAIR 250 range delivers air at space neutral temperatures. This characteristic is guaranteed by the presence of a post-cooling battery in which water from the radiant panel system is circulated. V-DRYAIR 250 is controlled by the control and adjustment system, V-CLIMA that starts the dehumidifier when the relative humidity in the room is higher than the set value. A series of accessories, supplied on demand, allow an optimum installation for all system types. The V-DRYAIR 250 dehumidifier is available in 2 versions: ■■ V-DRYAIR 250V: suitable for vertical installation inside a niche. The dehumidifier is completed with a casing in wood and a cover grid in wood or metal. ■■ V-DRYAIR 250H: suitable for ceiling installation and ductable both in delivery and return. Figure 3.8.3 V-DRYAIR 250H for ceiling installation, ductable.

Figure 3.8.4 V-DRYAIR 250V for recessed wall installation.

3

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPONENTS

Figure 3.8.5 Casing for recessed wall installation and covering grid in wood.

113

Table 3.8.1

V-DRYAIR 250V and V-DRYAIR 250H technical data

Measurement unit

Value

Thermo-technical data Person load in room(1)

6-8

Nominal condensation capacity

0.78

l/h

Nominal air flow rate

250

m3/h

Total nominal water flow absorbed by the pre and post cooling battery

170

l/h

Nominal refrigerating power absorbed by pre and post air cooling battery

800

W

ΔP pre and post cooling batteries

6.8

kPa

Refrigerating gas R134a

280

g

230/1/50

V/ph/Hz

V-DRYAIR 250V

1.8

A

V-DRYAIR 250H

1,9

A

2.6

A

V-DRYAIR 250V

360

W

V-DRYAIR 250H

400

W

Maximum power absorbed

400

W

Degree of protection of shell

IP54

(2)

Electrical data Power supply Nominal current absorbed

3

(2)

Maximum current absorbed

Technical characteristics of the components

Nominal power absorbed

(2)

Centrifugal fan

3 speed options

Dimensions V-DRYAIR 250V without recessed wall box and front panel (LxPxH)

729x212x705

mm

Recessed wall box (LxPxH)

740x230x750

mm

V-DRYAIR 250H (LxPxH)

593x800x250

mm

208x77

mm

V-DRYAIR 250V

37

kg

V-DRYAIR 250H

40

kg

Internal dimensions of fan supply Weight

Hydraulic attachments Number of hydraulic attachments

2

V-DRYAIR 250V

G 3/8” F.

V-DRYAIR 250H

G 1/2” F.

Operational limits Water temperature pre/post treatment battery

12-22

°C

Dry bulb temperature

15-35

°C

Relative humidity

45-90

%

(1) (2)

Datum that depends on the level of metabolic activity and the radiant temperature in the room. Measured under the following conditions: a. Nominal air flow of 250 m3/h. b. Return air at 25°C with R.H. of 65%. c. Nominal water flow of 170 l/h. d. Temperature of incoming water at pre and post cooling batteries of 15°C.

114

3.8.3 V-DRYAIR 450H isotherm dehumidifers The V-DRYAIR 450H dehumidifiers are ductable units and have been designed for the dehumidification of rooms that are cooled with radiant panels. Unlike traditional dehumidifiers, and like the smaller versions offered by Valsir, V-DRYAIR 450H is capable of delivering air at space neutral temperature. This characteristic is guaranteed by the presence of a post-cooling battery in which water from the radiant panel system is made to flow. The V-DRYAIR 450H dehumidifiers also allow the removal of air both in summer months and winter months, by means of an optional kit for renewing the air that ensures the delivery of air at space neutral temperature and that can be managed with an independent timer. With the use of appropriate dampers for air ducts (not supplied by Valsir) it is possible to decide which function to use: complete recirculation (dehumidification) or renewal, or else mix these two functions by dehumidifying and renewing the room air contemporarily. In combination with an energy recovery device, which is available as an accessory, it is possible to preheat/pre-cool the process air, and mix the flow with the room emission air, thus increasing the efficiency of the unit and reducing energy consumption. In difficult summer conditions it is also possible to make an integration to the radiant cooling system by increasing the flow of water to the post-cooling battery, in order to deliver cooler air to the room. The design standards of these machines take into account the specific comfort conditions of the air of the rooms that are cooled with radiant panels (air temperature in the rooms 25°C, relative humidity in the room 60%, average radiant temperature of the surface of 22 to 25°C). V-DRYAIR 450H has been designed for medium-big residential areas and public practices with an average of 12 to 20 people per unit.

3

Figure 3.8.6 V-DRYAIR 450H for ceiling installation, ductable.

V-DRYAIR 450H technical data

Value

Measurement unit

Thermo-technical data Person load in room(1)

12-20

Nominal condensation capacity

1.1

l/h

Nominal air flow rate

450

m3/h

Total nominal water flow absorbed by the pre and post cooling battery

350

l/h

Nominal refrigerating power absorbed by pre and post air cooling battery

2800

W

7

kPa

max. 145

Pa

800

g

(2)

ΔP pre and post cooling batteries Available head (at 450 m /h) 3

Refrigerating gas R134a Electrical data Power supply

230/1/50

V/ph/Hz

(2)

2.5

A

Maximum current absorbed

4.5

A

Nominal power absorbed(2)

410

W

Maximum power absorbed

570

W

Degree of protection of shell

IP54

Nominal current absorbed

External protection fuse

10

A

Protection fuse of the main ventilatore

2.5

A

Centrifugal fan

3 speed options

115

Technical characteristics of the components

Table 3.8.2

V-DRYAIR 450H technical data

Value

Measurement unit

875x655x405

mm

72

kg

Dimensions V-DRYAIR 450H (LxPxH) Weight V-DRYAIR 450H Hydraulic attachments Number of hydraulic attachments V-DRYAIR 450H

4 G 1/2” F.

Operational limits

3

Water temperature pre/post treatment battery

12-22

°C

Dry bulb temperature

15-35

°C

Relative humidity

45-90

%

(1) (2)

Datum that depends on the level of metabolic activity and the radiant temperature in the room. Measured under the following conditions: a. Nominal air flow of 450 m3/h. b. Return air at 25°C with R.H. of 65%. c. Nominal water flow of 240 l/h. d. Temperature of incoming water at pre and post cooling batteries of 15°C.

Technical characteristics of the components

3.8.4 V-DRYAIR 900H isotherm dehumidifiers The V-DRYAIR 900H dehumidifiers are ductable units and have been designed for the dehumidification of rooms that are cooled with radiant panels. Unlike traditional dehumidifiers, and like the smaller versions offered by Valsir, V-DRYAIR 900H is capable of delivering air at space neutral temperature. This characteristic is guaranteed by the presence of a post-cooling battery in which water from the radiant panel system is made to flow. The V-DRYAIR 900H dehumidifiers also allow the removal of air both in summer months and winter months, by means of an optional kit for renewing the air that ensures the delivery of air at space neutral temperature and that can be managed with an independent timer. With the use of appropriate dampers for air ducts (not supplied by Valsir) it is possible to decide which function to use: complete recirculation (dehumidification) or renewal, or else mix these two functions by dehumidifying and renewing the room air contemporarily. In combination with an energy recovery device, which is available as an accessory, it is possible to preheat/pre-cool the process air, and mix the flow with the room emission air, thus increasing the efficiency of the unit and reducing energy consumption. In difficult summer conditions it is also possible to make an integration to the radiant cooling system by increasing the flow of water to the post-cooling battery, in order to deliver cooler air to the room. The design standards of these machines take into account the specific comfort conditions of the air of the rooms that are cooled with radiant panels (air temperature in the rooms 25°C, relative humidity in the room 60%, average radiant temperature of the surface of 22 to 25°C). V-DRYAIR 900H has been designed for medium-big residential areas and public practices with an average load of 25 to 30 people per unit. Figure 3.8.7 V-DRYAIR 900H for ceiling installation, ductable.

116

Table 3.8.3

V-DRYAIR 900H technical data

Value

Measurement unit

Thermo-technical data Person load in room(1)

25-30

Nominal condensation capacity

2.6

l/h

Nominal air flow rate

900

m3/h

Total nominal water flow absorbed by the pre and post cooling battery

600

l/h

Nominal refrigerating power absorbed by pre and post air cooling battery

5200

W

12

kPa

max. 200

Pa

1200

g

(2)

ΔP pre and post cooling batteries Available head (at 900 m /h) 3

Refrigerating gas R134a Electrical data Power supply

V/ph/Hz

5.2

A

Maximum current absorbed

7.5

A

Nominal power absorbed(2)

900

W

Maximum power absorbed

1100

W

Degree of protection of shell

IP54

Nominal current absorbed

External protection fuse

10

A

Protection fuse of the main ventilatore

2.5

A

Centrifugal fan

3

Technical characteristics of the components

230/1/50 (2)

3 speed options

Dimensions V-DRYAIR 900H (LxPxH)

875x805x405

mm

95

kg

Weight V-DRYAIR 900H Hydraulic attachments Number of hydraulic attachments V-DRYAIR 900H

4 G 1/2” F.

Operational limits Water temperature pre/post treatment battery

12-22

°C

Dry bulb temperature

15-35

°C

Relative humidity

45-90

%

(1) (2)

Datum that depends on the level of metabolic activity and the radiant temperature in the room. Measured under the following conditions: a. Nominal air flow of 900 m3/h. b. Return air at 25°C with R.H. of 65%. c. Nominal water flow of 400 l/h. d. Temperature of incoming water at pre and post cooling batteries of 15°C.

117

3.9

Control systems

The control systems for heating systems are composed of two principal components: the control unit and the V-CLIMA climatic control unit. The control units are employed to create the electric connection between the thermo-electric heads of the circuits with the room thermostats, the V-CLIMA control units allow a “variable point” management of the system by varying the temperature of the supply water of the heating circuits in relation to the external climatic conditions.

3.9.1 V-CLIMA system

TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COMPONENTS

3

V-CLIMA is the climatic adjustment system created by Valsir for the management of floor heating and cooling systems. It is composed of a principal master unit to which the expansion units for the management of up to 6 climatic zones can be connected. The system detects the external temperature, the temperatures and the humidity of each single zone, actuates directly the mixing valve and varies the supply temperature to the system of each zone. With V-CLIMA it is possible to maximise energy saving because the supply temperature to the circuits is a direct function of the climatic conditions; with the heating mode, the lower the external temperature the higher will be the supply temperature to the circuits. With the cooling mode, the system is capable of identifying the risk of the formation of condensation by acting on the humidifiers installed in each single zone. V-CLIMA, controls boiler and chiller ignition and automatically switches over from the winter mode to the summer mode and vice versa. The summer-winter switchover can be carried out manually or automatically, by simply setting the external switchover temperature. The operational conditions of the system can be verified at any time, and it is possible to read and intervene in the case of malfunction alarms as well to modify the system configuration. The V-CLIMA functions are numerous, but some are worth mentioning, in particular, the Start-up function that manages the supply temperature when the system is first started in a gradual manner thus avoiding thermal shocks inside the screed, in accordance with the European Standard UNI EN 1264. Another important function of V-CLIMA is Speed-up, that reduces the heating time of the rooms to a minimum, by maximizing the supply temperature should the system be turned on a second time, until the rooms have reached the desired temperature. By means of the remote user terminal installed in a position of choice inside the building, it is possible to verify the operating conditions of the system, read and intervene in the case of malfunction signals as well as modify the configuration of the system. It is also possible to set a weekly functioning program, both for the floor system and for the dehumidifiers, by using the V-CLIMA system as a weekly thermostat with timer with three different room temperatures, the winter mode, the reduced winter mode and the summer mode. Figure 3.9.1 Main unit (master).

Figure 3.9.3 User terminal.

118

Figure 3.9.2 Expansion unit.

3.9.1.1 V-CLIMA system components Table 3.9.1 V-CLIMA adjustment kit - main unit.

Cod. VS0111001 Principal unit complete with connection kit, clock, supply probe, room temperature/ humidity probe and external temperature probe. Main functions

Heating/cooling Thermostat with timer Remote user terminal (optional) Remote control (optional).

Working frequency

20/60 Vdc and 24 Vac (50/60 Hz)

Absorbed power

25 VA

Operating temperature

-10°C÷60°C, U.R.