Floods

Floods: A flood is an overflow of o f an expanse of water that t hat submerges submer ges land. The EU Floods directive defines a flood as a temporary covering by water of land not normally covered by water. In the sense of "flowing water", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide. Flooding may result from the volume of water within a body of water, such as a river or lake, which overflows or breaks levees, with the result that some of the water escapes its usual boundaries. While the size of a lake or other body of water will vary with seasonal changes in precipitation and snow melt, it is not a significant flood unless such escapes of water endanger land areas used by man like a village, city or other inhabited area. Floods can also occur in rivers, when flow exceeds the capacity of the river channel, particularly at bends or meanders. Floods often cause damage to homes and businesses if they are placed in natural flood plains of rivers. While flood damage can be virtually eliminated by moving away from rivers and other bodies of water, since time out of mind, people have lived and worked by the water to seek sustenance and capitalize on the gains of cheap and easy travel and commerce by being near water. That humans continue to inhabit areas threatened by flood damage is evidence that the perceived value of living near the water exceeds the cost of repeated periodic flooding. The word "flood" comes from the Old English flod, flod, a word common to Germanic languages (compare German Flut, Flut, Dutch vloed from the same root as is seen in flow, float; float; also compare with Latin fluctus, fluctus, flumen). flumen). Deluge myths are mythical stories of a great flood sent by a deity or  deities to destroy civilization as an act of divine retribution, and are featured in the mythology of many cultures.

EFFECTS:

Primary effects 

Phy  sical damage² Can damage any type of structure, including bridges, cars,

buildings, sewerage systems, roadways, andcanals. Secondary

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ater W ater

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Diseases

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C  rops

effects

supplies ² Contamination of water. Clean drinking water becomes scarce. ² Unhygienic conditions. Spread of water-borne diseases.

and food supplies ² Shortage of food crops can be caused due to loss of entire harvest. [4] However, lowlands near rivers depend upon river silt deposited by floods in order  to add nutrients to the local soil.

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 rees T 

² Non-tolerant species can die from suffocation.[5]

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 ransport T 

Transport links destroyed, so hard to get emergency aid to those who need it.

Tertiary

and long-term effects

Economic ² Economic hardship, due to: temporary decline in tourism, rebuilding costs, food shortage leading to price increase, etc. There are a few types of flood. A flood that rises and falls rapidly with little or no advance warning is called a flash flood. They are usually the result from intense rainfall over a relatively small area. Streams and rivers periodically flood and the adjacent dry lands that are covered are called flood plains. The main causes of floods are heavy rains and fast-melting snow masses. Coastal areas are occasionally flooded by unusually high tides caused by severe winds over the ocean surfaces, or by tsunamis resulting from undersea earthquakes. Coastal flooding can also be caused by intense rain squalls that accompany a hurricane. The main cause of flooding is when a lot of rain falls in a few days. The ground becomes so wet that no more rain can trickle through the earth. This rain runs into the rivers and the water  level quickly becomes much higher. The river cannot cope with this extra water and the water  breaks over the river banks. This is what happened in China in 1998. Countries like Bangladesh, where land is flat with high mountains, are often flooded in the spring. Hurricanes, cyclones, and typhoons can cause floods. These are very strong winds which form over the seas and blow towards coastlines. The winds make the waves in the sea much higher. The waves then crash onto the beach and flood the flat land by the coast. Earthquakes also make possible flooding by shaking the earth causing tsunamis. The tsunamis are big waves that travel towards the shore and flood the flat coastal land. Unusually high tides in spring can influence floods by an estuary. High waves, caused by the high tide, rush up the river estuary. There is too much water in the river so the surrounding land is flooded when the river banks burst. Finally dam failure can be the producer of a flood. If engineers do not open enough of the dam holes in times of heavy rainfall, the water can then spill over the top of the dam. The outcome of a flood can be catastrophic. Many things can happen as a result from a flood. Effects of a flood can be seen everywhere afterwards. There can be broken roads and railway lines, wrecked houses, electricity and gas supplies can be cut off, trees fall over, and bridges can even break. There are also a few other  effects from floods; diseases, people and animals killed, crushed crops, smashed cars, and electrical items like computers and TV's can be ruined.

EQUIPMENTS: Boat, flashlights, foods, water , clothes. Recommendation: We must take care what we have like what God gave to us. The nature that we only borrow from him. If we cut down trees we must change it because trees is important to us. REFERRENCES: Sue Gardner (www.wikipedia.org) Cause and Effects of floods (www.writework.com) Charles A. Doswell III (Floods forecasting) Catherine cristobal Abon

ABSTRACT: An approach to forecasting the potential for flash flood-producing storms is developed, using the notion of basic ingredients. Heavy precipitation is the result of sustained high rainfall rates. In turn, high rainfall rates involve the rapid ascent of air containing substantial water vapor and also depend on the precipitation efficiency. The duration of an event is associated with its speed of movement and the size of the system causing the event along the direction of system movement of heavy precipitation producing storms suggests some of the variety of ways in which heavy precipitation occurs. Since the right mixture of these ingredients can be found in wide variety of synoptic and mesoscale situations, it is necessary to know which ingredients is critical in any given case. This also helps with the recognition of heavy rains events as they occur, a challenging problem if the potential for such events has not been anticipate. Purpose: This study integrates the proactive role of communities and the use of flood modeling in the implementation of flood early warning system. The floods is one reason that causes poverty because there are many things that destroyed in our surroundings like houses and were we got our foods. Many people died because of floods. We must take care our surroundings because if it is destroyed we are the who suffer. The main reason of floods is cutting down trees, burning woods in the forest, and throwing garbage in the river. For example my barangay AMULUNG 60 meters far away from Cagayan river to our house because of soil erosion and that·s the reason why the residence easily experienced floods.