FIZIKA 2

January 9, 2017 | Author: filke99 | Category: N/A
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ra

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u

l,^ur,uro f,auuLtounr

n Bacltnrafi,a xu/lpoMereopoJrcuKe cTpyKe

parpefi cpe,/riber o6paronar+a

llpllp,0/tHo-MareMilrt|ril(e

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l@J Sauo;r ra uJruualr,c yudcrrnrir, lftrrlr

Cir,r

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Ifl,IHETI'IqKA TEOPI,IJA IACOBA

1. MOJIBI(YJICKO

vBon H3yrxamheMo oojctm u ltoHilu:tll€ ftlcoBI{TID( rena' IIpn ToMe aeMo KopHcTIITII ABa npunaira npoysalany noiana: MoneKyncKo-KIIHeTHqKH

Y osoM nornilBlby

n repMo,urIIaMWKlI

u npoqeca nonip1 o/l [I FajiuffIo AeaoB:IIie MoneKynir y pa-

Molexylclio-KflHeflrqKfi MeToA npoysaBagfl nofra

gftul€

noHal[:u$y MaKpoclconcKllx TeJIa

TeIIa npLIMeIIItheMo tnlat weuwul Kao enilcTrilme K)mJu{ue, KoJe cc L HJlv cyAApa ca 3n4oBltMa cyw y

neuapyjeuo yrajamn AeJIoBaIr,a

M(MeKy-Jltr,

ocHM oHrD( rparnorpajru6l5 Ja BpeMe Cy76;pa: Yemlarleu cpe.4l$lD( upe,UHocrn 6pr vwr V KIIIIeTIIIKID( Cneprnja orpoMllor 6poja uoaerym MoIy ce. n3paqylulTH

BenrfrHrre, Kao rrlTo cy npHrLIGlK, TeMnepaT]fpa, FOrTpaIIIIf,a eHepmJa u /lpyllt. r roje raparreptluly cTalla MaKpocKoncKID( raooBHTID( TeJIa. KaKo ce y oBilKUllM npopa{$U,nt,tA KopncTH CfttTllc'TfiKa, &tcuollalut rn reOpnjn BepOB:rTHOte, t)lutJ t:n r[uruqu, a &rKoHI,I ao6gjern ll'(]l'(ttt)lt{ npgni13 H:1;;uBa 14 crargcflfrlKil MeroA

y

NDHMEIIOM CTATHCNNTU &lKOIilI.

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Hcropnjmu parurje 3itcHoB:tg, TepMo.qHHaMnKfl MeTon 3aHeMaPyJt: y ltrrl' nyHocTI{ ylryTpalltrsy cTpyKlypy rella Kao um ce y MexallHul'l :IllK:MillryJfi llll(ilJllll)l' crpyKTypa llpllll AUI T Qaynaa(:MO (1r y Il.lna TepM )iul'(]M ll(l I m.rneu npilnllKoM H3]flftlrJ:rHir SaKo 'oltMrulll jana, ,uo rojlx lonarn npn piBHI{M na.nnrra ystocrirgJlfl Beee MeDy Berruwrrliua, roje KapaKrepnlxy MirKlx)cKoll(xil cTiIII,a racoBllTlD( Tena, Kao um cy npHTl.IGlK, &UtpeMHHa, TeMnepalypa, yll: yrparrlxa eneprurja I{ Apyre. Ona onn Taras Melo/l oru{cnlrulfl nojana tliulnua flpnraralla IBa npun:na fi3)Aa MHKpOrIpHniul o/lll(x:llO MirKpolll)llJliul,

Ay6lc n1xl/lnlx: t()l l(x:lx',/ltlo

I

l(

y

I

(;tpyKl'yl)tty fll)atl

x:ltlil'f ltil

lllllll

Mil Klx

)1

l(

Iil ltilMit.

l.t.

MOmKyJICKO KPl,l'l'Atbl,l

ir =2(v't{ xto)'m Ga

c,rss ce lrrna yclte,.[ Kpstula Mra3a aroua cpeOpo y o[rrrry

raieuo ca .[rrosorft -_'-

IIprM rpar (mqpnene) naraloxenor cpe6pa 3a Dopera

upeue Al: HenpeKruEo Kpehy Ha rreypeDen

3a ncnn nnrepBan BpeMeIIa uHnHIInpH

I n tpyror 3narrro whet 22, W{n je ce y 6erna"saymoM npoflopy Ilrpy

Haniulu ce nocpe6pena

nYKa

ce 3a ymo

oA''

s=gr=gl,noulm ier=r,

xuua

lla

Kpo3 rrpope3 ul{nruI'4pa Ha

Dfipyjy.

=

Zrv 4.o6puy

ycren qera arou cpedpa crIIrHe y ra{(y M', ylatnw or rarlKe M sa ryxuHy

H4 rewrepare,n? oda uunnrupa

-anapaO, lor je Y cnYqajY odPana I{ Ae,0IO OA IUHPHII€ CJIIIKO

.L Lt =T

oanosne rrrKoJre narn je

oMorynuo Mepebe 6prnne Kperarla

MffiIy M,

BpeMe MlrpoBalba

.qecHo oA cIIHKe npope3auBMebY qLtrtHEAPa Zru Zrm

MNPEIf,E DPf,IIIIE KPETAIf,A MOJIEKYJIA

I4r

m trtlo( E ncloBpeMeuo

osID( iDoprrryna ce .uodlrja:

S =gL

=,oLtL=&

Epruna aroMa cpe6Pa je

-M'

u

r=4,

u] =l-

Ha OAnony no3HaTrD( Be;Irrqr.rHa Ail L, MepeH,eM AyXHHe lyra S H3MeDy M fi M', Moxe A& ce oApeAlI 6prurn amMa cpe6pa (nera cpe'ror'a Bperutocr 6prnue).

'

i*n

mupg€rna JreBo rr

Io*ro

oA

M',

cpa:uepan

ie gPojy afl)Ma

cpe6pa

" Ha yHyrpailn}oi mp:rHH rlrrnHlupa Zr. Mepenn creneHa :Jan, rcojn ce naranoxH uprber[a y 3aDr,tcrocTr{ oa pacrojana o4 noloxaja M" ouorlrtyje oapeDr,|natrc patrto.qerc 6prnue aroMa cpe6pa (c;t. Z). n(v)

Gr. l.

Aro ce oda ryurrupa o6pty ncfi)M crirnHoM JtraorroM ar y $repy KiuaJhKe Ha qacoBHr.rKy, orl4r ce Mrra3 aroMa cp.opi ranoxH rra HeKOM 'prnnou npymM Mecry M', ynasreHou ol Mecm M S, Ka,Aa ce ry*"rry n"* ) .aurponanaar:rp y qysajy M,

arolff] @ reno Kperc.ryx nor./np€l'uxa

,,. 'paruon

e

ocrvpyp, ycne.{ .[enoaa$a ua re.no

i*t*f#il;"ffirtffitil*

(rsra.r

orcre')'

arco

An

nAv

Hs lUrepnoBor orJrela MorJru W

M

ce n3Be.qy creAeru 3aKjbyquu: HHe

y

I,rH-

pa^r.lnryje

amMa, Ha je ca na2kT m

roja cnena

H3 MoneKyJrcr(o-KuHsrurrr(e reopnje

(ra*ra, rHja je Bpe4rocr ,t = 1,38.10-" * a m-Man amMa cpe6paTano, ua reMneparyplt T = 1000 K 6przna amMa cpeSpa:

,*o*,

vnv

rae je ft-Boruuanona ron-

r-ancoryrra

[*ffi),

llo

reMrreparypa,

je ur orneaa xajaeponarrurja

.ueiPumunju

Vs=

vn' =480;'

TT j" y ao6poj GrrrircHocrr{

crco-KlrHerrrrKe reopuje.

pa3HLrM TeMnepaTypaMa, noTBp[,rJrH

tr Hcty

cy

rAe

ct

ncTH

3

ne3y najneponarrurje.6psnue MoneKyJra

MoJIeKyno(o-Kr.rH€TrfIKe reopuje racona-

cpe,4m

apHTMeTlIqKa

, a cpe,qF:l

6penna Mra'

n

rElmeparJrue,

roja srenu

n3

F

3).

BpeAHocrr.r rpyrncuuje pacnonere

An-6poj

uoreryla,

f(i=*

r4e je.n-

.mje

anqlrcg cy Bp-e&rQqr[.. ooroBoM Av, noraryje MoneKyJra rua 6psnne, KoF ce rraftule y nrreBany unpune Av. Maronrpl

KpHBe pacnoAeJle' npe.4craaJbeHe Ha cJrHuH, oArorapa najnepouarmjoj 6psurul v"", ono roje ce rpynnrue Haj'ehl 6poj uorreryna- Kprm pacnoaerre olrdryiyle aa Ce

jou

ane cpefirc 6prune: cperola apnnaeduca 6pr""n y, H cpc/rnfl KBa{paTIra 6pruna 7 oApe,qe

m-hlatrL

KapaKTepruy nperane MoneKyna raca- ISmoM I'I3p:DI{ cy:

MOJIeKyna racL *-'*Irp"-n*"'.*v

' -y npounoM cronery Maro*n je urneo 3anos pa_cfioreJre MoneKyJra ftrca g-ryy"g lTpnio(ry nyTe,M, ro pn'ei u cratrd;rft- ii[p;"frr= ;ffi ;*" ; Ig^ TeopHJIt Bepomrrrohe, Karo, F oBor &rKoHa nrareuanrwu cnoxeH, npeAc'raBureMo raron rpaenvxt (q. 41na: cy

a

n-6poj MoJIeKyJIa' L v,v2,-..vn cy I6ID(oBe 6psuue'

IZkr v*=-JTivt

PACIIOIIHTA MOJIEKYJIA IIO EPsIIHAMA

opanlrare

Ir3P:unM:

KBa,AparIIa:

ITkri v =rl[t*r =rlffi ,

rae je &-Soruuanona KorrcTarrTa, T-anoonynra

Ayx

ie

v=

ca Bpenrorrrhy

Paenffsarfi eKcnepnMernu It3BpIleHu

av

C,lt. 3'

vt+ v2+ ... +vn

ao6r.rjena

v vs

reMneparvp"

'

;

TelmepaTypa, !

fl'ffi;",ffi f Bffi:r#*#ffi 41. Ca noBllilelseM n rruajy nene 6prnue.

TeMneParYPc

I,h urpara aa 6prune

t) dpeuro

MoneKyna cJre.qll:

Jy)nerqlna cpasrapHe

cy ,ear4ponutoil

,coperqr

mefirepanrype,

w

orw)Je/Tuo

6) ua cmuruoj memrepanDaprtr, fipsuue -uonerqttra ry odprymo cpwt cpfle

K8anpanunil

renwt w

cralrnoj ra.a, odpuJrro cy cpa3 Taxo, sa

je Yslff0{o Aa ce MOneKyn Kpehe on raqre A .{o rarlKe B. IIyrdILa Iy ILy HUTSMJI€Ha nr.rru{a ycJIeA Cygapn ca ApynIIM MoneKyngMa u neuoryte Je noMohy rrpaTnT1;. 3am je Moryre peanaH noM:rK MoJIeKyna ol A .qo B oqenlru'r 6prune 4ai[yruje: vnu =

KBaiAparrre 6pruue MoneKyna ,@a perry H3 r6[D(oBtD( MoneKyncKnx

M Lt

MIICA:

v' I4r one rDopmyne

cJreAIr: , .) mv-

&r MHIrJn, yMecro 3a cTmH AeO CeKJIIU1L Pam-npouene 6prune.4roFr,rje MoJreKyJra, yBo^n ce [oJaM cpeAIIf AyxI'IHe

m., v,, 1'

2=-2'oAlrocHo ,qsa po3nuyurn arca unajy fla uanoj mc-Ntpporryu jeauwe rcuHerwqce

cno6o.Uron nyriir MoneKynn (-lr) rpoDe n3MeDy ABa cyAapa. cpearne

Moxe

Cpem

uja natetrytta

He Jaeucu o,4

?pupore urca reh

oI ftenre meMlepanryW. lllrepuou omeA-nmspAuo je mr &rKrr,J raKa, rojn cneae I{3 KfirrerrrrKe reopnje v p:rcnoAefie MoneKyna no 6prurnrva, ao6ujene cnarnmrrrKfiM Carw)

. To je rpoceqa' (cperor,n) IIyr Kojlt MoneKyn

uyxtto je nogemru nyr, rojtl MoneKyn ]rpeDe y mry I ceKygt& - dpojno je4n4r apI'IrMerHrIKoj cperuoj 6peunu vr G1I cpelfrllM dpojeu cyAapa MoneKyna 2 ,rcoiu ce Aece y jeauou ceKyllny: 3a usparynauane ),

,

^s t\--

ryopacylllila-

v

-z CIIEAEhI,I HAIIHH. H HeKa ce jelan

AY)I(IIIIA C.NOEOAHOI TIYTA MOJIEKYJIA

Cpeme 6prrurg MoJreKyna racoB:r y npoceKy cy oKo HeKoJrHKo croruHa y ceK$Utx. Am, ycnel HeypeDeHor Kperal[a MoneKyna raca, 6poj nuxoBID( ue1yco6rux cy4upa roKoM Fasor ceryqAa je orpouan, TaKo la lrpeDenu nyr MoneKyna oA jeAne Ao apyre rarrKe y racy je Mnoro Berrl oI noMaKa Merapa

rBMeDy rrD( TarraKa

3a cery44 onaj On ce cyAapa, rrpn mM, GrMo Ca 9HHM MoneKynmrra uuju ce UeHTpu Hiln:ule yHyTdp [l3JIoMJLeHor tU.rtrgpn, uaju je 1peqrilrK je4nar< 2d. (Oca, UunnILApa npeAcTaBJIs nyTillly

norperfior uonerfna).

At (cn. 5).

(ir. cJl.5.

(r.

florprunua ooroBuue oBot ulrJrr{rlApa o HiBHBa ce Surcaotu npwfi ry_ nawt- lrxo H3noMJr€HIl UnnHrrIap ncnpaBr.rMo, orua je ,*-* BHCHria lewara-L y"Ar. 6poj uoneryaa y ulrJrnrvlpy n pz = n = noOL = noovrLt, .

r,rc je no-KolqelfrpaUuja (6poj MoneKyJra y je4rnnUu aanpewrne), oL V- m= npeMrrHa rlr{Jrfirqpn- cp"mofi 6poj cyaapa H3Hocu 7 =! , n ce o{eHoM

Lt

ao6nja:

Z = no'ys Greuou oBor n3p:Ba ce npa6luxua rpopuyla:

y

3a cperury clo6oany

r.r3pa3

rl L= Crpora rlnrepnperauHja Aaje 3a

"l lt= IIrm

oBAe HeheMo aa noxa-syjeuo,

.

I

ao6uja

w

ruje ce reoilro nog yruqajeu clilte r€xe, Eeh lxacynpcn IleHoM AenoB:llf,y'.nolrlTo ce-6pou y norrerKy lrrnimlro ficnoA cnoja narayxa, a rycrulla 6portra ]: nyta Beha oA rycrgrre Baa4rxa- Memarre Moxe ,qa 6yle cauo noclteAnlla xaorrrlllor Kperarba MoreKyJIa, npH ileMy cy MoJIeKynLr 6poua flpoAl'Ipirnr MeDy MoJIeKyne B:BAJD(a, a MoneKynu Biul,trDra MeDy MoneKyne nape 6poua, cyAapaiyhx G npu rou ueDycoduo. Ilpnp tuQyzuje npersrmsha wrtmuaewle Ko,tt4gHmpa4uia,rre cyttarun4ule npu ftuxonil icwuty le&te c w)@f,L qBpcrru AgQyrnja ce AeIIraBa KaKo y rafl)MMa, TaKo Ir y rermocrl{Ma H y TEIIHN[4.

flosnilenant reMneparype pafi€ cpeAlbii 6peuna Kperalla MoneKyna a ca MoJIeKyna p:BHID( cyncranuuja, o,uIocno 6pautta

npoqeca,uQyiuje.

3AKOH Al|Ov3r{tE

noo

MareMaruqKe cJloxeHocrfi n3BoDerr€-

6l ua cmnmoj

Pam je,rorocralnoctu, p:utMorpuheMo npouec caMoArIQFHje naca, rj. nam ce y cyry HaJra3H cauo jeaau rac aflH je KorruelrrpaullJa II€roBHx MoJIeKyna y p:DrrnM AerroBr{Ma. cyAa p:ulfl}I.ILITa tlac Hl{TepecyJe o.4 qera. 3il.BHcI{ Milox KoJrr[rHHe raca, rojn ce npeuocxr y npouecy auQysrje. Am
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