FIZIKA 2
January 9, 2017 | Author: filke99 | Category: N/A
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Eoxutt Nrrnnatr,
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't
ga [t PaaFe*
o
6EOfPAA
Yqr6enura' qr(\54'1
5
Hosil CaA
Mu:rau Pacrtortouut, Coerorapb oixnn
ra
II
u
l,^ur,uro f,auuLtounr
n Bacltnrafi,a xu/lpoMereopoJrcuKe cTpyKe
parpefi cpe,/riber o6paronar+a
llpllp,0/tHo-MareMilrt|ril(e
n
tT
l@J Sauo;r ra uJruualr,c yudcrrnrir, lftrrlr
Cir,r
,lI
Ifl,IHETI'IqKA TEOPI,IJA IACOBA
1. MOJIBI(YJICKO
vBon H3yrxamheMo oojctm u ltoHilu:tll€ ftlcoBI{TID( rena' IIpn ToMe aeMo KopHcTIITII ABa npunaira npoysalany noiana: MoneKyncKo-KIIHeTHqKH
Y osoM nornilBlby
n repMo,urIIaMWKlI
u npoqeca nonip1 o/l [I FajiuffIo AeaoB:IIie MoneKynir y pa-
Molexylclio-KflHeflrqKfi MeToA npoysaBagfl nofra
gftul€
noHal[:u$y MaKpoclconcKllx TeJIa
TeIIa npLIMeIIItheMo tnlat weuwul Kao enilcTrilme K)mJu{ue, KoJe cc L HJlv cyAApa ca 3n4oBltMa cyw y
neuapyjeuo yrajamn AeJIoBaIr,a
M(MeKy-Jltr,
ocHM oHrD( rparnorpajru6l5 Ja BpeMe Cy76;pa: Yemlarleu cpe.4l$lD( upe,UHocrn 6pr vwr V KIIIIeTIIIKID( Cneprnja orpoMllor 6poja uoaerym MoIy ce. n3paqylulTH
BenrfrHrre, Kao rrlTo cy npHrLIGlK, TeMnepaT]fpa, FOrTpaIIIIf,a eHepmJa u /lpyllt. r roje raparreptluly cTalla MaKpocKoncKID( raooBHTID( TeJIa. KaKo ce y oBilKUllM npopa{$U,nt,tA KopncTH CfttTllc'TfiKa, &tcuollalut rn reOpnjn BepOB:rTHOte, t)lutJ t:n r[uruqu, a &rKoHI,I ao6gjern ll'(]l'(ttt)lt{ npgni13 H:1;;uBa 14 crargcflfrlKil MeroA
y
NDHMEIIOM CTATHCNNTU &lKOIilI.
'
Hcropnjmu parurje 3itcHoB:tg, TepMo.qHHaMnKfl MeTon 3aHeMaPyJt: y ltrrl' nyHocTI{ ylryTpalltrsy cTpyKlypy rella Kao um ce y MexallHul'l :IllK:MillryJfi llll(ilJllll)l' crpyKTypa llpllll AUI T Qaynaa(:MO (1r y Il.lna TepM )iul'(]M ll(l I m.rneu npilnllKoM H3]flftlrJ:rHir SaKo 'oltMrulll jana, ,uo rojlx lonarn npn piBHI{M na.nnrra ystocrirgJlfl Beee MeDy Berruwrrliua, roje KapaKrepnlxy MirKlx)cKoll(xil cTiIII,a racoBllTlD( Tena, Kao um cy npHTl.IGlK, &UtpeMHHa, TeMnepalypa, yll: yrparrlxa eneprurja I{ Apyre. Ona onn Taras Melo/l oru{cnlrulfl nojana tliulnua flpnraralla IBa npun:na fi3)Aa MHKpOrIpHniul o/lll(x:llO MirKpolll)llJliul,
Ay6lc n1xl/lnlx: t()l l(x:lx',/ltlo
I
l(
y
I
(;tpyKl'yl)tty fll)atl
x:ltlil'f ltil
lllllll
Mil Klx
)1
l(
Iil ltilMit.
l.t.
MOmKyJICKO KPl,l'l'Atbl,l
ir =2(v't{ xto)'m Ga
c,rss ce lrrna yclte,.[ Kpstula Mra3a aroua cpeOpo y o[rrrry
raieuo ca .[rrosorft -_'-
IIprM rpar (mqpnene) naraloxenor cpe6pa 3a Dopera
upeue Al: HenpeKruEo Kpehy Ha rreypeDen
3a ncnn nnrepBan BpeMeIIa uHnHIInpH
I n tpyror 3narrro whet 22, W{n je ce y 6erna"saymoM npoflopy Ilrpy
Haniulu ce nocpe6pena
nYKa
ce 3a ymo
oA''
s=gr=gl,noulm ier=r,
xuua
lla
Kpo3 rrpope3 ul{nruI'4pa Ha
Dfipyjy.
=
Zrv 4.o6puy
ycren qera arou cpedpa crIIrHe y ra{(y M', ylatnw or rarlKe M sa ryxuHy
H4 rewrepare,n? oda uunnrupa
-anapaO, lor je Y cnYqajY odPana I{ Ae,0IO OA IUHPHII€ CJIIIKO
.L Lt =T
oanosne rrrKoJre narn je
oMorynuo Mepebe 6prnne Kperarla
MffiIy M,
BpeMe MlrpoBalba
.qecHo oA cIIHKe npope3auBMebY qLtrtHEAPa Zru Zrm
MNPEIf,E DPf,IIIIE KPETAIf,A MOJIEKYJIA
I4r
m trtlo( E ncloBpeMeuo
osID( iDoprrryna ce .uodlrja:
S =gL
=,oLtL=&
Epruna aroMa cpe6Pa je
-M'
u
r=4,
u] =l-
Ha OAnony no3HaTrD( Be;Irrqr.rHa Ail L, MepeH,eM AyXHHe lyra S H3MeDy M fi M', Moxe A& ce oApeAlI 6prurn amMa cpe6pa (nera cpe'ror'a Bperutocr 6prnue).
'
i*n
mupg€rna JreBo rr
Io*ro
oA
M',
cpa:uepan
ie gPojy afl)Ma
cpe6pa
" Ha yHyrpailn}oi mp:rHH rlrrnHlupa Zr. Mepenn creneHa :Jan, rcojn ce naranoxH uprber[a y 3aDr,tcrocTr{ oa pacrojana o4 noloxaja M" ouorlrtyje oapeDr,|natrc patrto.qerc 6prnue aroMa cpe6pa (c;t. Z). n(v)
Gr. l.
Aro ce oda ryurrupa o6pty ncfi)M crirnHoM JtraorroM ar y $repy KiuaJhKe Ha qacoBHr.rKy, orl4r ce Mrra3 aroMa cp.opi ranoxH rra HeKOM 'prnnou npymM Mecry M', ynasreHou ol Mecm M S, Ka,Aa ce ry*"rry n"* ) .aurponanaar:rp y qysajy M,
arolff] @ reno Kperc.ryx nor./np€l'uxa
,,. 'paruon
e
ocrvpyp, ycne.{ .[enoaa$a ua re.no
i*t*f#il;"ffirtffitil*
(rsra.r
orcre')'
arco
An
nAv
Hs lUrepnoBor orJrela MorJru W
M
ce n3Be.qy creAeru 3aKjbyquu: HHe
y
I,rH-
pa^r.lnryje
amMa, Ha je ca na2kT m
roja cnena
H3 MoneKyJrcr(o-KuHsrurrr(e reopnje
(ra*ra, rHja je Bpe4rocr ,t = 1,38.10-" * a m-Man amMa cpe6paTano, ua reMneparyplt T = 1000 K 6przna amMa cpeSpa:
,*o*,
vnv
rae je ft-Boruuanona ron-
r-ancoryrra
[*ffi),
llo
reMrreparypa,
je ur orneaa xajaeponarrurja
.ueiPumunju
Vs=
vn' =480;'
TT j" y ao6poj GrrrircHocrr{
crco-KlrHerrrrKe reopuje.
pa3HLrM TeMnepaTypaMa, noTBp[,rJrH
tr Hcty
cy
rAe
ct
ncTH
3
ne3y najneponarrurje.6psnue MoneKyJra
MoJIeKyno(o-Kr.rH€TrfIKe reopuje racona-
cpe,4m
apHTMeTlIqKa
, a cpe,qF:l
6penna Mra'
n
rElmeparJrue,
roja srenu
n3
F
3).
BpeAHocrr.r rpyrncuuje pacnonere
An-6poj
uoreryla,
f(i=*
r4e je.n-
.mje
anqlrcg cy Bp-e&rQqr[.. ooroBoM Av, noraryje MoneKyJra rua 6psnne, KoF ce rraftule y nrreBany unpune Av. Maronrpl
KpHBe pacnoAeJle' npe.4craaJbeHe Ha cJrHuH, oArorapa najnepouarmjoj 6psurul v"", ono roje ce rpynnrue Haj'ehl 6poj uorreryna- Kprm pacnoaerre olrdryiyle aa Ce
jou
ane cpefirc 6prune: cperola apnnaeduca 6pr""n y, H cpc/rnfl KBa{paTIra 6pruna 7 oApe,qe
m-hlatrL
KapaKTepruy nperane MoneKyna raca- ISmoM I'I3p:DI{ cy:
MOJIeKyna racL *-'*Irp"-n*"'.*v
' -y npounoM cronery Maro*n je urneo 3anos pa_cfioreJre MoneKyJra ftrca g-ryy"g lTpnio(ry nyTe,M, ro pn'ei u cratrd;rft- ii[p;"frr= ;ffi ;*" ; Ig^ TeopHJIt Bepomrrrohe, Karo, F oBor &rKoHa nrareuanrwu cnoxeH, npeAc'raBureMo raron rpaenvxt (q. 41na: cy
a
n-6poj MoJIeKyJIa' L v,v2,-..vn cy I6ID(oBe 6psuue'
IZkr v*=-JTivt
PACIIOIIHTA MOJIEKYJIA IIO EPsIIHAMA
opanlrare
Ir3P:unM:
KBa,AparIIa:
ITkri v =rl[t*r =rlffi ,
rae je &-Soruuanona KorrcTarrTa, T-anoonynra
Ayx
ie
v=
ca Bpenrorrrhy
Paenffsarfi eKcnepnMernu It3BpIleHu
av
C,lt. 3'
vt+ v2+ ... +vn
ao6r.rjena
v vs
reMneparvp"
'
;
TelmepaTypa, !
fl'ffi;",ffi f Bffi:r#*#ffi 41. Ca noBllilelseM n rruajy nene 6prnue.
TeMneParYPc
I,h urpara aa 6prune
t) dpeuro
MoneKyna cJre.qll:
Jy)nerqlna cpasrapHe
cy ,ear4ponutoil
,coperqr
mefirepanrype,
w
orw)Je/Tuo
6) ua cmuruoj memrepanDaprtr, fipsuue -uonerqttra ry odprymo cpwt cpfle
K8anpanunil
renwt w
cralrnoj ra.a, odpuJrro cy cpa3 Taxo, sa
je Yslff0{o Aa ce MOneKyn Kpehe on raqre A .{o rarlKe B. IIyrdILa Iy ILy HUTSMJI€Ha nr.rru{a ycJIeA Cygapn ca ApynIIM MoneKyngMa u neuoryte Je noMohy rrpaTnT1;. 3am je Moryre peanaH noM:rK MoJIeKyna ol A .qo B oqenlru'r 6prune 4ai[yruje: vnu =
KBaiAparrre 6pruue MoneKyna ,@a perry H3 r6[D(oBtD( MoneKyncKnx
M Lt
MIICA:
v' I4r one rDopmyne
cJreAIr: , .) mv-
&r MHIrJn, yMecro 3a cTmH AeO CeKJIIU1L Pam-npouene 6prune.4roFr,rje MoJreKyJra, yBo^n ce [oJaM cpeAIIf AyxI'IHe
m., v,, 1'
2=-2'oAlrocHo ,qsa po3nuyurn arca unajy fla uanoj mc-Ntpporryu jeauwe rcuHerwqce
cno6o.Uron nyriir MoneKynn (-lr) rpoDe n3MeDy ABa cyAapa. cpearne
Moxe
Cpem
uja natetrytta
He Jaeucu o,4
?pupore urca reh
oI ftenre meMlepanryW. lllrepuou omeA-nmspAuo je mr &rKrr,J raKa, rojn cneae I{3 KfirrerrrrKe reopnje v p:rcnoAefie MoneKyna no 6prurnrva, ao6ujene cnarnmrrrKfiM Carw)
. To je rpoceqa' (cperor,n) IIyr Kojlt MoneKyn
uyxtto je nogemru nyr, rojtl MoneKyn ]rpeDe y mry I ceKygt& - dpojno je4n4r apI'IrMerHrIKoj cperuoj 6peunu vr G1I cpelfrllM dpojeu cyAapa MoneKyna 2 ,rcoiu ce Aece y jeauou ceKyllny: 3a usparynauane ),
,
^s t\--
ryopacylllila-
v
-z CIIEAEhI,I HAIIHH. H HeKa ce jelan
AY)I(IIIIA C.NOEOAHOI TIYTA MOJIEKYJIA
Cpeme 6prrurg MoJreKyna racoB:r y npoceKy cy oKo HeKoJrHKo croruHa y ceK$Utx. Am, ycnel HeypeDeHor Kperal[a MoneKyna raca, 6poj nuxoBID( ue1yco6rux cy4upa roKoM Fasor ceryqAa je orpouan, TaKo la lrpeDenu nyr MoneKyna oA jeAne Ao apyre rarrKe y racy je Mnoro Berrl oI noMaKa Merapa
rBMeDy rrD( TarraKa
3a cery44 onaj On ce cyAapa, rrpn mM, GrMo Ca 9HHM MoneKynmrra uuju ce UeHTpu Hiln:ule yHyTdp [l3JIoMJLeHor tU.rtrgpn, uaju je 1peqrilrK je4nar< 2d. (Oca, UunnILApa npeAcTaBJIs nyTillly
norperfior uonerfna).
At (cn. 5).
(ir. cJl.5.
(r.
florprunua ooroBuue oBot ulrJrr{rlApa o HiBHBa ce Surcaotu npwfi ry_ nawt- lrxo H3noMJr€HIl UnnHrrIap ncnpaBr.rMo, orua je ,*-* BHCHria lewara-L y"Ar. 6poj uoneryaa y ulrJrnrvlpy n pz = n = noOL = noovrLt, .
r,rc je no-KolqelfrpaUuja (6poj MoneKyJra y je4rnnUu aanpewrne), oL V- m= npeMrrHa rlr{Jrfirqpn- cp"mofi 6poj cyaapa H3Hocu 7 =! , n ce o{eHoM
Lt
ao6nja:
Z = no'ys Greuou oBor n3p:Ba ce npa6luxua rpopuyla:
y
3a cperury clo6oany
r.r3pa3
rl L= Crpora rlnrepnperauHja Aaje 3a
"l lt= IIrm
oBAe HeheMo aa noxa-syjeuo,
.
I
ao6uja
w
ruje ce reoilro nog yruqajeu clilte r€xe, Eeh lxacynpcn IleHoM AenoB:llf,y'.nolrlTo ce-6pou y norrerKy lrrnimlro ficnoA cnoja narayxa, a rycrulla 6portra ]: nyta Beha oA rycrgrre Baa4rxa- Memarre Moxe ,qa 6yle cauo noclteAnlla xaorrrlllor Kperarba MoreKyJIa, npH ileMy cy MoJIeKynLr 6poua flpoAl'Ipirnr MeDy MoJIeKyne B:BAJD(a, a MoneKynu Biul,trDra MeDy MoneKyne nape 6poua, cyAapaiyhx G npu rou ueDycoduo. Ilpnp tuQyzuje npersrmsha wrtmuaewle Ko,tt4gHmpa4uia,rre cyttarun4ule npu ftuxonil icwuty le&te c w)@f,L qBpcrru AgQyrnja ce AeIIraBa KaKo y rafl)MMa, TaKo Ir y rermocrl{Ma H y TEIIHN[4.
flosnilenant reMneparype pafi€ cpeAlbii 6peuna Kperalla MoneKyna a ca MoJIeKyna p:BHID( cyncranuuja, o,uIocno 6pautta
npoqeca,uQyiuje.
3AKOH Al|Ov3r{tE
noo
MareMaruqKe cJloxeHocrfi n3BoDerr€-
6l ua cmnmoj
Pam je,rorocralnoctu, p:utMorpuheMo npouec caMoArIQFHje naca, rj. nam ce y cyry HaJra3H cauo jeaau rac aflH je KorruelrrpaullJa II€roBHx MoJIeKyna y p:DrrnM AerroBr{Ma. cyAa p:ulfl}I.ILITa tlac Hl{TepecyJe o.4 qera. 3il.BHcI{ Milox KoJrr[rHHe raca, rojn ce npeuocxr y npouecy auQysrje. Am
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