2
ÆOGLCA Oitb Lotrigutórlb.............................. Lotrigutórlb..................................................... .............................................. .............................................. .............................................3 ......................3 GLSCLUNLOB= UB[BSLWINI@LB A DLWIUBWINI@LB.... DLWIUBWINI@LB........................... .................................................. .............................7 ..7 LOW[IGQÀÃI BI ASWQGI GB UB[BSLWINI@LB A DLWIUBWINI@LB.........
[email protected] ..............7 - Sub Lfpirtëoclb............................... Lfpirtëoclb...................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ......................................... ....................7 ..7 Jlstirlb gb Ubrbsltini`lb.... Ubrbsltini`lb........................... .............................................. .............................................. ........................................................... ....................................11 Jlstirlb Dltipbtini`lb.............................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..........4 B jlstirlbgbgbDltipbtini`lb....... Dltipbtini`lb piga sar sukglvlglgb ois sa`ulotas paræigis=..................................4 paræigis=......................... ................................0 ........0 Fl`rbàñas a `uarrbs a sub ranbàãi cif giaoàbs pbrbsltbrlbs................ pbrbsltbrlbs....................................... ....................................25 .............25 Fìtigis ga trbkbnji af Ubrbsltini`lb.... Ubrbsltini`lb........................... .............................................. ...........................................................2; ....................................2; Fìtigis ga trbkbnji af Dltipbtini`lb. .................... ........................................... .............................................. ......................................27 ...............27 Wrbkbnji cif cifuolgbga cifuolgbgas..................... s............................................ .............................................. ..................................................... ...................................27 .....27 Ubrbsltbs klitródlcis a oacritródlcis........................ oacritródlcis............................................... ................................................................ ..........................................24 .24 Cbrbctaræstlcbs ga pbtó`aois vunoarâvals b ritbàãi ga cunturb – pbtó`aois oacritródlcis..... oacritródlcis.......24 ..24 Avinuàãi gis pbrbsltbs............................ pbrbsltbs................................................... .............................................. ...........................................................2< ....................................2< Cioglàñas kâslcbs pbrb i pbrbsltlsfi...... pbrbsltlsfi............................. .............................................. ..........................................................;2 ...................................;2 Avinuàãi gi pbrbsltlsfi........ pbrbsltlsfi............................... .............................................. .............................................. .................................................. ..............................;; ...;; Oiàñas ga ciavinuàãi ciavinuàãi af Ubrbsltini`lb......... Ubrbsltini`lb................................ .............................................. ...................................................;1 ............................;1 Cifi aodraotbr uf priknafb ga dltissbolgbga oi cbfpi....... cbfpi.............................. .................................................;0 ..........................;0 Dbctiras bfklaotbls qua cbusbf giaoàbs obs pnbotbs............................... pnbotbs.......................................... ........................ ....................;: .......;: Cnbssldlcbàãi gbs giaoàbs.. giaoàbs......................... .............................................. .............................................. ........................................................ ..................................;: .;: BN@QFBS GIAOÀBS BKLÓWLCBS................................... BKLÓWLCBS.......................................................... ..................................................35 ...........................35 ASWB@LIS GI CLCNI GB GIAOÀB............................................. GIAOÀB...................................................................................31 ......................................31 Cioglàñas óptlfbs pbrb i gasaovinvlfaoti gb giaoàb... giaoàb.......................... .............................................. .................................. ...........30 30 Ubrbsltlsfi a pbti`aolclgbga pbti`aolclgbga..................... ............................................ ............................................... ........................................................3: ................................3: CB[BCWA[ÆSWLCBS @A[BLS GIS DQO@IS (rasufi).................................................. (rasufi).....................................................75 ...75 GIAOÀBS CBQSBGIS UI[ DQO@IS.......................................... DQO@IS.................................................................. ..................................... .............73 73 GLTLSÃI GIS DQO@IS............................... DQO@IS...................................................... .............................................. ......................................... ...........................05 .........05 GIAOÀBS CBQSBGBS UI[ KBCWA[LBS........... KBCWA[LBS.................................. ............................................................. .......................................0: .0: GIAOÀBS CBQSBGBS UI[ TL[QS.............................................. TL[QS...................................................................... ..................................... .............:< :< GIAOÀBS CBQSBGBS UI[ DQO@IS (AF CLW[LOIS)...................................... CLW[LOIS)................................................252 ..........252 GIAOÀBS CBQSBGBS UI[ KBCWA[LBS (AF CLW[LOIS)........................................ CLW[LOIS)..........................................253 ..253 DLWIUBWINI@LB............................. DLWIUBWINI@LB...... .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ...................................... ...............251 251 ATINQÀBI UB[BSLWLSFI...... .............................................. ....................................................... ....................................251 ....251 CIFI Ì RQAGI ISUB[BSLWLSFI............................. UBWÓ@AOIS BWBCBF BS UNBOWBS9............................................250 UNBOWBS9........................ ....................250 AO]LFBS OBS GIAOÀBS GBS UNBOWBS........................... UNBOWBS.................................................. ......................................... ....................222 ..222 BS WIZLOBS OBS GIAOÀBS GBS UNBOWBS............ UNBOWBS................................... .................................................. .............................227 ..227 WIZLOBS GA JISUAGAL[I OBI-ASUACLDLCI.............................. OBI-ASUACLDLCI............................................. ........................... ................227 ....227 WIZLOBS GA JISUAGAL[I ASUACLDLCI................................................................. ASUACLDLCI.......................................................................224 ......224 [A@QNBGI[AS GA C[ASCLFAOWI........ C[ASCLFAOWI............................... .............................................. .................................................224 ..........................224 Sufârli= Brfbs quæflcbs ga btbqua usbgbs panis pbtó`aois.................................. pbtó`aois.............................................. ..............22: ..22: ADALWIS GIS UBWÓ@AOIS OB [ASUL[BÀÃI GI JISUAGAL[I........................ JISUAGAL[I..............................2;2 ......2;2 ADALWI GIS UBWÓ@AOIS OB UA[FABKLNLGBGA GBS FAFK[BOBS..................2;; ADALWI GIS UBWÓ@AOIS OB W[BOSC[LÀÃI A W[BGQÀÃI..................................2;; FACBOLSFI GA GADASB GB UNBOWB...................... UNBOWB............................................. ............................................ .............................2;3 ........2;3 @AOÌWLCB GBS GIAOÀBS GBS UNBOWBS.................................. UNBOWBS......................................................... ..................................232 ...........232 FACBOLSFI GA GADASB GB UNBOWB...................... UNBOWB............................................. ............................................ .............................230 ........230 Sbrcigæoais Ubrbsltbs gi Jifaf.......... Jifaf................................. .............................................. .................................................. ...........................271 271 Fbstl`ipjirb iu Dnb`anbgis.. Dnb`anbgis......................... .............................................. .............................................. ............................................... ............................270 ....270 SUI[I]IB............................... SUI[I]IB........ .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ...............................................215 ........................215 Ubrbsltini`lb & Dltipbtini`lb
QU – Kalrb, ;522
Fsc, Bflogb Qbcjlssi
;
Cnbssa Castigb......... Castigb................................ .............................................. .............................................. ....................................................... ........................................214 ........214 [apriguàãi a crasclfaoti. crasclfaoti........................ .............................................. .............................................. ............................................... ................................24; ........24; Dlni Boanægais............................ Boanægais................................................... .............................................. .............................................. ............................................... ........................243 243 LFUI[WËOCLB ACIO×FLCB GA OAFÂWIGIS OB B@[LCQNWQ[B.......................244 Dlni Brtripigb.............................. Brtripigb..................................................... .............................................. .............................................. .............................................204 ......................204 Bpaoglcas.......................... Bpaoglcas... .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .................................20< ..........20<
Ubrbsltini`lb & Dltipbtini`lb
QU – Kalrb, ;522
Fsc, Bflogb Qbcjlssi
3
Oitb Lotrigutórlb Gasga gb axlstíoclb gb jufbolgbga ob tarrb, i fuogi bprasaotb-sa ga dirfb logisslbvan bs pbrbsltbs, anbs cijbkltbf cijbkltbf tigis is bfklaota bfklaotass pissævals, ioga ì pissævan pissævan b axlstíoclb gb vlgb. Ì lfpaosâvan qua i Jifaf axlstlssa saf b axlstíoclb gis pbrbsltbs, pils ciotrbrlbfaota b fultis paosbfaotis arr÷oais ranbtlvbfaota b sub axlstíoclb, cinicbogi-is ouf nu`br ga lolfl`is gi Jifaf, anas bmugbf cioslgarbvanfaota ob fboutaoàãi gi aqulnækrli oi oissi acisslstafb (oi pnboatb tarrb). I prasaota fboubn, dil crlbgi cif ikmactlvi ga gasaovinvar ois astugbotas gi cursi ga Klini`lb, ciojaclfaotis sikra i fuogi gis pbrbsltbs. Sambf anas qua bdactbf bs pnbotbs (qua sarã sarãii bkir bkirbg bgis is ob Dlti Dltipb pbti tini ni`l `lb) b),, sa samb mbf f anas anas qu quaa bd bdac actb tbf f is bo bolf lfbl blss (b va varg rgbg bgal alrb rb Ubrbsltini`lb).
Ubrbsltini`lb & Dltipbtini`lb
QU – Kalrb, ;522
Fsc, Bflogb Qbcjlssi
7
GLSCLUNLOB== UB[BSLWINI@LB A DL GLSCLUNLOB DLWIU WIUB BWINI@LB Lotriguàãi bi astugi gb Ubrbsltini`lb a Dltipbtini`lb - Sub lfpirtëoclb - Jlstórlb gb Ubrbsltini`lb - Jlstórlb Ubrbsltini`lb LOW[IGQÀÃI BI ASWQGI GB UB[BSLWINI@LB A DLWIUBWINI@LB - Sub Lfpirtëoclb Ubrbsltini`lb – ì i astugi gis ir`bolsfis qua pbssb pbssbf f tigb b vlgb iu pbrta gastb ouf slstafb ga vlgb pbrbsætlci sikra iu gaotri ga iutris ir`bolsfis= pnbotbs, bolfbls a i jifaf. Ì b clíoclb qua astugb b tairlb gis pbrbsltbs, sau figi ga vlgb a sau cifkbta. Anb lotarassb-sa blogb pani astugi ga bspactis avinutlvis a acinó`lcis gi pbrbsltlsfi. Bs pbrbsltisas, giaoàbs cbusbgbs pir pbrbsltbs, aociotrbf-sa aotra is `rbogas priknafbs klifìglcis, a faglci sboltârli aspaclbnfaota af pbæsas af vlbs ga gasaovinvlfa gasaovinvlfaoti. oti. Anbs pissuaf uf `rboga lfpbcti siclbn, pbrb bnìf ga raquararaf uf slstafb ga lodrb-astruturbs, bgaqubgbs, passibn qubnldlcbgi, cioglàñas loglspaosâvals loglspaosâvals pbrb i cifkbta gbs pbrbsltisas. I astugi gb pbrbsltini`lb ciotrlkul pbrb b cifpraaosãi gasta `rboga priknafb ga sbýga puknlcb, a pir sub vaz ciotrlkul pbrb i gasaovinvlfaoti gasaovinvlfaoti ga cifpirtbfaotis cifpirtbfaotis taogaotas b fanjirbr b sbýga gb cifuolgbga, cifaàbogi panb loglvlgubn.
Dltipbtini`lb – ì b clíoclb qua astugb bs giaoàbs gbs pnbotbs, bkrbo`aogi tigis is saus bspactis, gasga b glb`oisa, slotifbtini`lb, atlini`lb, aplgaflini`lb, bta i sau ciotrina. B Dltipbtini`lb bpbraca nl`bgb b pbrbsltini`lb, gavlgi å sub obturazb. Anb nlgb cif giaoàbs ga bolfbls a gi jifaf. Anb astugb giaoàbs ga pnbotbs, privicbgbs pir lodastbàãi pbrbsltbrlb, pir saras lodarliras iu suparliras, pigaogi privicbr lodacàñas nicbls a fultbs vazas slstíflcbs. B jlstirlb racaota gb priguàãi b`ræcinb gi pbæs dil a ciotloub b sar cbrbctarlzbgb pir ufb kblxb priguàãi, sikratugi ga prigutis trbglcliobnfaota ga axpirtbàãi, cifi ì i cbsi ga cbstbojb ga cbmu. B lodastbàãi gi cbmualri pani Iægli ì bpiotbgb cifi saogi ufb gbs rbzias pbrb assa dbcti. Cifi asta pigaf sar cltbgis iutris axafpnis. Bsslf b dltipbtini`lb Ubrbsltini`lb & Dltipbtini`lb
QU – Kalrb, ;522
Fsc, Bflogb Qbcjlssi
1
gavarâ ciotrlkulr pbrb b glssaflobàãi ga ciojaclfaotis qua bmugaf b cifpraaosãi gasta fbtarlbn a navaf i jifaf b cifpirtbfaotis taogaotas bi gifæoli ga giaoàbs gbs pnbotbs. Gufb Gu fb di dirf rfbb `arb `arbnn i as astu tugi gi ga Ubrb Ubrbsl slti tini ni`l `lbb & Dl Dlti tipb pbti tini ni`l `lbb vl vlsb sb ci ciot otrl rlku kulr lr pb pbrb rb b cifpraaosãi gis priknafbs qua bdactbf b sbýga puknlcb a gis bolfbls, bsslf cifi pbrb i gifæoli ga priknafbs ranbcliobgis cif b sbýga gbs pnbotbs, fasfi gbquanas qua oãi sãi ga lotarassa lfaglbti gi jifaf.
Jlstirlb gb Ubrbsltini`lb Gurbota b lgbga fìglb b giutrlob pragiflobota arb b tairlb gb `arbàãi aspiotëoab gadaoglgb pir Brlstótanas, Jlpicrbtas a iutris.
Brlstótanas, sìc. sìc. LT – dbnb dbnb ga tíol tíolbs bs a ix ixlý lýri ris, s, ir irl` l`lo lobg bgis is ga `a `arb rbàã àãii as aspi piot otëo ëoab ab oi oiss axcrafaotis.
Jlpicrbtas bgflta qua is varfas pigarãi sar trbosfltlgis pir jaragltbrlagbga. Gurbota b lgbga faglb dirbf astbs giutrlobs bcaltas.
[agl dil i prlf prlfalri alri b ipir ipir-sa -sa b astb tairlb tairlb,, prita prita`aog `aogii drb`faoti drb`faotiss ga cbroa cif ufb raga raga,, ciosa`ulu qua, panb `arbàãi aspiotëoab ga aotãi oãi sur`lssaf nbrvbs ga fiscbs oi taclgi fuscunbr af qua daz b axparlíoclb.
Naauwaojiah , af 2405 ciosa`ua iksarvbr dirfbs ga vlgb btrbvìs gi sau slstafb ga naotas. A muotbfaota cif [agl [agl ì bcìrrlfi lolfl`i gb `arbàãi `arbàãi aspiotë aspiotëoab. oab.
Nloau, 2005, cjbfb btaoàãi pbrb cartbs dirfbs nlvras ga saras pbrbsltbs, mâ aotãi ciojaclgis a gascrltis, fbs oãi ciosa`ua ranbcliobr ufbs cif bs iutrbs, só a 2:;7 bpis b gascikartb gbs `arbàñas bntarobgbs pir Jarkst, ì qua dil pissævan axpnlcbr bs ranbàñas aotra bs dirfbs mivaos a bguntbs gis trafbtógais. Glz Krufpt qua b avinuàãi gb trlqulob, gascikartb pir Jarkst af 2:15, dil i prlfalri astugi ga pbrbsltini`lb axparlfaotbn.
Nauchbrt, 2:15 rabnlzb trbkbnjis sikra is clcnis gb D.japbtlcb, W.splrbnls a N.sarrbtb. Oi lolcli gi sìc. ZZ, glvarsis lovastl`bgiras bsslobnbf is fbls vbrlbgis saras pbrbsltbs, ciosaqþíoclb, ciosaqþíoc lb, af `rboga pbrta gbs flssñas gis claotlstbs b vârlis pbæsas nio`æoquis. B Ubrbsltini`lb tava qua cioqulstbr b sub bdlrfbàãi, ufb vaz qua axlstlbf i aspærlti gb suprafbcl supra fbclbb gb kbctarl kbctarlini` ini`lb, lb, pils astb astbvb-sa vb-sa ob ìpicb af qua bs lgìlbs ga Ubstaur tlojbf ciosa`ulgi sub ciosb`rbàãi. Sur`lrbf is prlfalris pbrbsltini`lstbs, cifi, [blnnlat, Krufpt, atc., qua pricurbf ois saus nlvris, oãi dicbr bpaobs i pbrbsltb cifi sar ziinó`lci b gascravar sacbfaota, fbs slf b ranbcliobr icupbogi i gavlgi nu`br, b sub klini`lb, af pbrta oi Ubrbsltini`lb & Dltipbtini`lb
QU – Kalrb, ;522
Fsc, Bflogb Qbcjlssi
4
ir`bo ir` bolsf lsfii gi jis jispag pagalr alri, i, cif i bsp bspact actii glo gloëf ëflci lci gbs giaoàb giaoàbss pbr pbrbsl bsltbr tbrlbs lbs – sur`a sur`a å vargbgalrb pbrbsltini`lb faglcb. Bn`uos oifas ga pbrbsltini`lstbs lnustras lnustras qua ciovìf racirgbr= racirgbr=
Lngadiosi Kir`as, pirtu`uís, cif i sau oitâvan astugi sikra Scjlstisifbs, bnìf ga fultis iutris sikra `niklisa kivlob af cinbkirbàãi cif A. Drboci.
Wjalnar, vatarloârli suæài, galxb ufb ikrb ob Âdrlcb gi Sun qua bkrbo`a bn`ufbs gbs prloclpbls ziioisas ziioisas pbrbsltbrlbs.
Outtbn, lo`nís, cif bs subs praclisbs fioi`rbdlbs sikra lxiglgais. A oastb fbtarlbn icirraf is oifas ga Oaufbo, Saoavat, Ganpy, atc. Ob Ltânlb, Cbrpboi, bprivaltbogi i fbtarlbn ciostltuægi pir bolfbls pbrbsltbgis, fultis ganas trbzlg trb zlgis is gb âdrlcb âdrlcb,, a axlsta axlstaota otass af cbf cbfplo plobb rif rifbob bob,, dbz ga gascr scrlàñ làñas as gbs fbls fbls vbr vbrlbg lbgbs bs pbrbsltisas.
\bhlfidd , rus russi, si, dbz gas gascrl crlàñ àñas as si sikra kra asp aspiri irizi ziârl ârlis, is, jafâtl jafâtlci cis, s, praicu praicupbo pbogigi-sa sa fu fulti lti aspaclbnfaota cif bs firdini`lbs a bs glfaosñas, crlb i `íoari Drboàblannb, af jifaob`af bi pbrbsltini`lstb pirtu`uís Cbrnis Drboàb. @rboga ciotrlkuti ob Ubrbsltini`lb tlvarbf tbfkìf= b Ascinb Drbocasb gi oirta gb âdrlcb, i Lostltuti Ubustar ga Br`an. Iutris oifas, C. Cjb`bs a Cìsbr Uloti (Krbsln), pbrb bnìf ga Jbnn, Paoyio, Shrmbklo,
Scjuntza, Caroblbou, Auzaky, aotra iutris. Ob prixlflgbga gb ýntlfb `rboga `uarrb, sur`af ranbtórlis pricurbogi rasinvar prbtlcbfaota i priknafb gbs pbrbsltisas bolfbls. Wbls ranbtórlis arbf brqultactbgis oi sa`ulota finga= astugi pirfaoirlzbgi gis jâkltis gi jispagalri gadloltlvi, dbclnfaota bpraaoglgis, a gi jispagalri lotarfaglârli, b qua cirraspioga tigi uf cbfpi oivi ga lovastl`bàãi. Gapils b axparlfaotbàãi gis dârfbcis mâ aotãi bciosanjbgis ciotrb b pbrbsltisa b trbtbr, a sa oãi diraf bprivaltâvals, panb sub drbcb adlcâclb, is aosblis pir vazas kaf ao`aojisis, ga oivis tarbpíutlcis a oivis fìtigis ga glb`oistlci. Ì loglscutlvanfaota oastb gbtb, carcb ga 2
