FISIOLOGIA

 

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Yâekgb 2

Kgtrnmuåãn é Lksknonekb --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pâe. 3 Dknquà`kcb Chouobr ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pâe. = Lksknonekb mb @h`drbgb Yobs`âtkcb --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pâe. < Loukmnthrbpkb -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pâe. 5 Lksknonekb mn Sksth`b Ghrvnsn -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pâe. 22 Sksth`b Ghrvnsn Chgtrbo ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pâe. 28 Sksth`b Ghrvnsn Yhrklërkcn ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pâe. 25 Lksknonekb @uscuobr -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pâe. 49 Sksth`b Hgmócrkgn -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pâe. 43 Sksth`b Ckrcuobtórkn ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pâe. 33 Sksth`b Thspkrbtórkn -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pâe. =2 Lksknonekb Thgbo ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pâe. 83 Hqukoàdrkn Âckmn-Dbsh --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- pâe.

 

 

Yâekgb 3

 b prnmuåãn mh cnrtkcnsthrnk nsthrnkmhs gn córthx mb eoägmuob bmrhgbo -, D3 Ns CBTDNKMTB]NS pnssuh` mkvhrsbs lugåøhs, mhgtrh hobs th`ns (gkbckgb (gkbckgb nu âckmn gkcntàggkcn) kcn) - k`pnrt k`pnrtbgth bgth cngst cngstktukgth ktukgth mh mh 4 cnhgzk` `bs bs mn prkgckpbo`hgth b lugåãn hghreëtkcb, shgmn n `bknr prnvhmnr mh hghrekb nrebgks`n, n GBM h n GBMY, ghchssârkn pbrb b rhspkrbåãn chouobr, pbrb ns shrhs vkvns, pnssuh` tb`dë`, bs lugåøhs: poâstkcb (pbrtkckpbgmn prnchssn quh ncnrrh gbs `ktncýgmrkbs. B gkcntkgb`kmb tb`dë` pbrtkckpb mh hstruturbs, cn`n b chouonsh quh ë u` båúcbr quh lnr`b b pbrhmh mn `htbdnoks`n mh cbrdnkmrbtns, okpàmkns h prnthàgbs. Gns ru`kgbgths gãn  chouobr mbs cëouobs vhehtbk vhehtbks h, quhrbtkgb quh lnr`b b pb pbrhmh rhmh chouobr mns sãn ghchssârkbs pnr cngtb mb sàgthsh mb `kcrndkbgb ru`kgbo, `bs ë lugens h cn`pøh` b cbrbpbåb mns brtrópnmhs), cn`pnskåãn quà`kcb mns hsshgckbo gbs mkhtbs mh bgk`bks gãn ru`kgbgths, pbrb b prhvhgåãn mh  âckmns gucoëkcns h sãn sãn mkvkmkmns h`: `ngnssbcbràmhns, mkssbcbràmhns sbcbràmhns h `uktns mkstúrdkns `htbdóokcns mb phoh, trbtn ebstrnkgthstkgbo h nutrns pnokssbcbràmhns. óreãns. ]b`dë` pnssuk hlhktn hsphcàlkcn sndrh n crhsck`hgtn bgk`bo, Ns OKYÀMKNS sãn kgsnoúvhks h` ââeub eub h snoúvhks h` snovhgths nreägkcns (hx. mk`kguk ns gàvhks mh cnohsthrno h prntheh cngtrb kglbrtn mn `kncârmkn -, ëthr, âocnno h conrnlór`kn), cngstktuh` bs `h`drbgbs, sãn hgcngtrbmns D< - btub gb lnr`b mh cnh cnhgzk`bs gzk`bs,, rhbokzb n `htbdnok `htbdnokss`n `n mh enrmurbs enrmurbs,, okvrhs gbs cëouobs, shrvkgmn cn`n `bthrkbo mh rhshrvb hghreëtkcb, cn`n bs enrmurbs. ]b`dë` btub` cn`n fnr`ýgkns (hx. fnr`ýgkns shxubks). Shu prnthàgbs h cbrdnkmrbtns, n `htbdnoks`n mh b`kgnâckmns, ghchssârkb gb mkhtb mh bgk`bks `ngneâstrkcns, quh qu h rhquhrh` supoh`hgtbåãn, prkgckpbo erupn ë lnr`bmn phons eokchràmhns (óohns h enrmurbs, ë n `bks sndrhtumn sndrht umn murbgth murbgth b lbsh mh crhsck` crhsck`hgtn hgtn h rhpr rhprnmuåã nmuåãnn -, D24 - hxhrch k`pnrtbgth cn`n lngth hghreëtkcb), lnslnokpàmkns (cn`pnghgths mbs lugåãn gb sàgthsh mh âckmns gucoëkcns, lnr`båãn mh fh`âckbs, `h`drbgbs chouobrhs), chràmhns (chrb) h hsthrnkmhs (fnr`ýgkns). `bguthgåãn mn thckmn ghrvnsn h dknssàgthsh mh erupns `htko (-CF3). Bs YTN]HÀGBS mhsh`phgfb` k`pnrtbgths lugåøhs gbs cëouobs, shgmn shgmn ns Ybrtkckpb mn `htbdnoks`n mh cbrdnkmrbtns, enrmurbs enrm urbs h prnthàgbs, ë prkgckpbks cn`pnghgths hstruturbks mns nrebgks`ns, cn`pngmn bs hsshgckbo pbrb n crhsck`hgtn bgk`bo. ]nmbs bs hspëckhs bgk`bks gãn `h`drbgbs chouobrhs, lnr`bgmn n cktnhsquhohtn, `bgthgmn b lnr`b mb ru`kgbgths ghchssktb` mhssb vktb`kgb gb rbåãn -.  cëouob h pbrtkckppbgmn bgmn mns `hcbgks`ns mh `nv `nvkk`hgtbåãn chouobr (hx.  cngtrbåãn `uscuobr), r), lnr`b` càokns h lloobehons, cngstktuh` bs lkdrrbs bs quh \ktb`kgb C (âckmn bscórdkcn): ë u`b k`pnrtbgth sudstägckb ncnrrh` gns hspbåns kgtrbchouobrhs mhsths thckmns, prnpnrckngbgmn  bgtknxkmbgth pbrb n nrebgks`n, u`b mh subs prkgckpbks lugåøhs ë rhskstêgckb h hobstkckmbmh. Hxh`pons mh prnthàgbs: hgzk`bs (sãn mh cn-lbtnr pbrb b lnr`båãn h `bguthgåãn mn cnoâehgn, ë u`b  cbtboksbmnrbs, nu shjb, bu`hgtb` b vhonckmbmh mbs rhbåøhs quà`kcbs), vktb`kgb fkmrnssnoúvho. bgtkcnrpns ( btub` gb mhlhsb mn nrebgks`n) h fnr`ýgkns (hx. b kgsuokgb h n \ktb`kgb M (cbocklhrno): lnrtbohck`hgtn mns nssns h mns mhgths, eoucbeng quh btub` gn `htbdnoks`n mh båúcbrhs). Ns b`kgnâckmns sãn bs hstruturbs quh krãn lnr`br bs prnthàgbs, hxkstkgmn  cnbeuo mn sbgeuh, sbgeuh, ë u`b vktb`k ggbb osbgeuà kpnssnoghb, vho. ë u`b vktb`k \ktb`kgbbåãnA (gbltnquk gn`b): cnbeuo n`b):  cnbeuo båãn gúhb, b`kgb 49 tkpns mklhrhgths mh b`kgnâckmns, cbmb tkpn mh prnthàgb hxksthgth ë okpnssnoúvho.  cn`pnstn sh`prh phons `hs`ns tkpns mh bb`k `kgnâckmns, h` mhthr`kgbmn =) RXBO Ë B MNHGÅB CBTHGC CBTHGCKBO KBO MH CBMB X@B MBS gú`hrn h mkspnstns gb `hs`b nrmh`, nu shjb, u`b mhthr`kgbmb prnthàgb SXDS]ÄGCKBS NTEÄGKCBS> th` sh`prh b `hs`b shquêgckb mh b`kgnâckmns, mhsh`phgfbgmn b `hs`b Bs mnhgåbs cbrhgckbks mbs prkgckpbks vktb`kgbs, sãn: lugåãn. D2: phrmb mh bphtkth, lbmkeb `uscuobr, ghrvnsks`n h dhrkdërk. Ns ÂCKMNS GXCOËKCN GXCOËKCNSS sãn mkvkm mkvkmkmns kmns h` âckmn mhsnxkrrkdngucohkcn (MGB) h D4: rupturb mb `ucnsb mb dncb, mns oâdkns, mb oàgeub h mbs âckmn rkdngucohkcn (TGB). (TGB). N MGB ë n prkgckpbo cngstktukgth mns crn`nssn`ns, dncfhcfbs. ë ghohs quh hstãn ns ehghs. N TGB pbrtkckpb mn prnchssn prnchss n mh sàgthsh mh D3: kgërckb h lbotb mh hghrekb, ghrvnsks`n hxtrh`n, mkstúrdkns prnthàgbs. B`dns sãn lnr`bmns pnr vârkbs ugkmbmhs mh gucohntàmhns.. mkehstkvns h phoberb. Bs \K]B@KGBS sãn sudstägckbs nr nreägk eägkcbs ghchssârkbs bbns ns nrebgks`ns, h` D8: bgh`k D8: bgh`kb, lbmkeb h mnr`êgckb mns `h`drns. phquhgbs qubgtkmbmhs, ngmh b sub busêgckb pnmh bcbrrhtbr h` mnhgåbs quh D