Fisiología Del Gusto

 

DL ITVPA Lb iustbf iustbfcöh cöh,, dl sdh`a sdh`a `dl iusta, iusta, ds dvafb` dvafb`b b par rdf rdfdpt dptard ardss qud fahstbh fahstbh `d pbp pbpclb clbss iustbvbs iustb vbs.. Dstbs Lbs pbpclbs pbpclbs lchiub lchiublds lds y su farpýsfula iustbv iustbva a bsafcb`as, bsafcb`as, fahstuydh fahstuydh lb kufasb dspdfcblczb`b `d lb fbvc`b` arbl. Vd `dsfrcjdh fubtra pas `d pbpclbs= elcarkds, uhicarkds, fblcfcarkds y alcb`bs. 

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^bpclbs elcarkds  sah lbs kâs pdqudòbs y kâs bjuh`bhtds dh las sdrds oukbhas. Vah praydffcahds föhcfbs, blbrib`bs `d tdmc`a fahmuhva. Lb uhfcöh `d lbs pbpclbs ds söla kdfâhcfb, ha fahdhdh pbpclbs iustbvbs ^bpclbs uhicarkds= faka su hakjrd la ch`cfb, sah praydffcahds dh arkb `d oahia sctub`bs dh lb supdrefcd `arsbl `d lb ldhiub. Vd praydftbh kâs brrcjb qud lbs pbpclbs elcar elcarkds kds,, dhtrd dhtrd lbs qud sd dhfudh dhfudhtrb trbh h `cspdr `cspdrsbs sbs,, y sd vdh b sckpld sckpld vcstb vcstb faka faka pdqudòas puhtas ramas Lbs pb Lbs pbpc pclb lbss fb fblc lcfc fca ark rkds ds sa sah h ds dstr truf uftu turb rbss irbh irbh`d `ds, s, dh a ark rkb b `d fý fýpu pulb lb qu qud d sd dhfudhtrbh dh lb kufasb musta par `dlbhtd `dl surfa tdrkchbl Lbs pbpclbs alcb`bs  fahscstdh dh frdstbs jbmbs pbrbldlbs. Vd pra`ufdh dh las jar`ds lbtdrblds `d lb ldhiub.

(Eax y Zass)

JTLJAV ITVPBPCUAV Dl öri öribha bha `dl ius iusta ta (sdhsc (sdhscva va dsp dspdfc dfcblc blczb` zb`a) a) dstâ dstâ fahst fahstuc` uc`a a par uha uhass 2> >>> juljas juljas iustbvas qud sah farpýsfulas avac`ds qud kc`dh 4> b 9> μk. Vd fahafdh fubtra pas `d fãlulbs karalöicfbkdhtd `cdrdhtds `dhtra `d fb`b julja iustbva= jbsblds, asfurbs, flbrbs, d chtdrkd`cbs7 lbs ýlkbs trds fãlulbs sd `dhakchbh pas C, CC y CCC `dl iusta. Vah hdurahbs hdur ahbs sdhscvbs sdhscvbs qud rdbffcahbh rdbffcahbh b dskulas dskulas `dl iusta a iustbvas iustbvas.. Fb`b julja iustbva dhd 4> b 2>> fãlulbs y las trds pas fdlulbrds pu`cdrbh rdprdsdhtbr bsds`d `cdrdhfcbfcöh `d lbs fãlulbs `dl sdh`a `dl iusta, dh `dsbrralla, y lbs fãlulbs flbrbs sdrëbh lbs kâs kb`urbs. Faka atrb pascjclc`b`, fb`b pa fdlulbr pu`cdrb rdprdsdhtbr `cdrdhtds lëhdbs fdlulbrds. Las dxtrdkas bpcfblds `d lbs fãlulbs `dl iusta pasddh kcfravdllasc`b`ds qud dhvëbh praydffcahds bl para iustbva, pdqudòa arcefca dh lb supdrefcd `arsbl `d lb ldhiub, dh qud lbs fãlulbs iustbvbs dstâh dxpudstbs bl fahtdhc`a `d lb jafb. Fb`b julja iustbva rdfcjd uhbs 4> ejrbs hdrvcasbs7 par la fahtrbrca, fb`b ejrb hdrvcasb rdfcjd ckpulsas `d fchfa juljas, dh prakd`ca. Lbs fãlulbs jbsblds pravcdhdh `d lbs fãlulbs dpctdlcblds qud ra`dbh bl julja iustbva. Vd `cdrdhfcbh dh hudvbs fãlulbs7 lbs bhiubs sah sustuc`bs dh arkb fahhub, y su vc`b kd`cb ds `d uhas 2> `ëbs. Vc sd sdffcahb dl hdrvca sdhscva, las juljas dh dl qud sd `cstrcjuyd sd `didhdrbh y bl ehbl `dsbpbrdfdh. (Ibhahi) Dh las farpýsfulas iustbvas sd dhfudhtrbh trds pas fdlulbrds prchfcpblds (Zass)

Fãlulbs hduradpctdlcblds (sdhsarcblds),  qud sah lbs fãlulbs kâs hukdrasbs `dl rdfdptar `dl iusta. Dstbs fãlulbs blbrib`bs sd dxdh`dh `ds`d lb lâkchb jbsbl `dl dpctdlca obstb dl para iu iust stb bva va,, b trbv trbvãs ãs `dl `dl fubl fubl lb supd supdre refc fcd d bpcf bpcfbl bl b`dl b`dlib ibzb zb`b `b `d fb fb`b `b fã fãlu lulb lb dkct dkctd d kcfravdllasc`b`ds. B lb blturb `d su jbsd, arkbh uhb schbpscs fah lb pralahibfcöh bdrdhtd `d hdurahbs sdhscvbs.

Fãlulb Fãlu lbss `d sa sast stãh ãh,, qu qud d sa sah h kd kdha hass bj bjuh uh`b `bht htds ds.. Pbk Pbkjcã jcãh h sah fãlulb fãlulbss blbrib blbrib`bs `bs qud sd dx dxd dh` h`dh dh `d `ds` s`d d lb lâkc lâkchb hb jbsb jbsblo lobs bstb tb dl para para iu iust stb bva va.. Bl ci ciub ubll qud qud lbs lbs fã fãlu lulb lbss hduradpctdlcblds, ãstbs fahdhdh kcfravdllasc`b`ds dh su supdrefcd bpcfbl y pasddh uhcahds odrkãfbs, pdra ha dstbjldfdh schbpscs fah lbs fãlulbs hdrvcasbs.

 

Fãlul Fãlulbs bs jbsbl jbsblds ds, qud sah fãlulb fãlulbss pdqud pdqudòbs òbs sct sctub` ub`bs bs dh lb parfcö parfcöh h jbsbl jbsbl `dl farpýsfula farpýsfula iustbva, fdrfb `d lb lâkchb jbsbl. Vah las fctajlbstas `d las atras `as pas fdlulbrds. Lbs `cdrdhtds fbtdiarëbs `d iusta sd pra`ufdh par `cdrdhtds sustbhfcbs quëkcfbs qud dhtrbh dh fahtbfta fah lbs kcfravdllasc`b`ds `d dstbs fãlulbs. Prb`cfcahblkdhtd sd rdfahafdh fubtra fbtdia fbt diarëb rëbss `cdrd `cdrdhtd htdss `d iusta= iusta= sbl sblb`a b`a,, âfc`a, âfc`a, `ul `ulfd fd y bkb bkbria ria.. Pbkjcã Pbkjcãh h oby uhb quchtb quchtb fbtdiarëb `d iusta qud dhd pafa dkpa `d sdr `dsfujcdrtb, `dhakchb`b ukbkc (uh tdrkcha  mbpahds pbrb “sbjrasa‛, rdlbfcahb`a fah uh sbjar b fbrhd) Thb pdrsahb pud`d pdrfcjcr fcdhtas `d iustas `cdrdhtds. .Vd supahd qud ta`as dllas ha sah scha fakjchbfcahds `d lbs sdhsbfcahds iustbvbs dldkdhtblds, ciubl qud ta`as las falards qud pa`dkas vdr fahstuydh fakjchbfcahds `d las trds falards prckbrcas. VBJAZ BIZCA. Dl sbjar birca dstâ fbusb`a par las âfc`as, ds `dfcr, par lb fahfdhtrbfcöh `dl cah oc`röidha, y lb chtdhsc`b` `d dstb sdhsbfcöh iustbvb ds bpraxckb`bkdhtd praparfcahbl bl laibrctka `d dstb fahfdhtrbfcöh `dl cah oc`röidha. Dsta ds, fubhta kâs âfc`a sdb uh blckdhta, kâs patdhtd sd vudlvd `cfob sdhsbfcöh. VBJAZ VBLB@A.  Dl sbjar sblb`a sd `dspcdrtb par lbs sblds cahczb`bs, dspdfcblkdhtd par lb fahfdhtrbfcöh `dl cah sa`ca. Lb fublc`b` `d dstd rbsia vbrëb `d uhb sbl b atrb, parqud bliuhbs `d dllbs susfctbh atrbs sdhsbfcahds iustbvbs b`dkâs `dl sbjar sblb`a. Las fbahds `d lbs sblds, sajrd ta`a las fbahds sa`ca, sah las prchfcpblds rdspahsbjlds `dl iusta sblb`a, pdra las bhcahds tbkjcãh fahtrcjuydh dh kdhar kd`c`b. VBJAZ @TLFD.  Dl sbjar `ulfd ha dstâ afbscah afbscahb`a b`a par uhb salb flbsd `d sustbhfcbs quëkcfbs. quëkcfbs. Dhtrd las pas `d pra`uftas qud la arcichbh eiurbh las bzýfbrds, ilcfalds, blfaoalds, bl`doë`as, fudrpas fudrp as fdtöhcfas, fdtöhcfas, bkc`bs, bkc`bs, ãstdrds, ãstdrds, fcdrt fcdrtas as bkchaâfc`as bkchaâfc`as,, bliuh bliuhbs bs pratdëhbs pratdëhbs pdqudòbs, pdqudòbs, las âfc`as sulöhcfas, las âfc`as oblaidhb`as y lbs sblds chariâhcfbs `d plaka y jdrclca. Ajsãrvdsd dh fahfrdta qud lb kbyarëb `d lbs sustbhfcbs qud idhdrbh dl sbjar `ulfd sah fakpudstas ariâhcfas. Zdsultb dspdfcblkdhtd chtdrdsbhtd qud uhbs lcidrbs ka`cefbfcahds dh lb dstrufturb quëkcf quë kcfb, b, fak faka a lb chfarp chfarparb arbfcö fcöh h `d uh sck sckpld pld rb`cfb rb`cfbl, l, kufobs kufobs vdfds vdfds pud`dh pud`dh fbkjcb fbkjcbrr dl pra`ufta `d `ulfd b bkbria. VBJAZ BKBZIA.  Dl sbjar bkbria, ciubl qud dl sbjar `ulfd, ha dstâ arcichb`a par uh ýhcfa pa `d bidhtd quëkcfa. Dh dstd fbsa, uhb vdz kâs lbs sustbhfcbs qud la sukchcstrbh sah fbsc ta`b ta`bss ariâ ariâhc hcfb fbs. s. @a @ass flbs flbsds ds pbr pbrfu fulb lbrd rdss d dhd hdh h uh uhb b dspd dspdfcb fcbll pr praj ajbj bjcl clc` c`b` b` `d fb fbus usbr br sdhsbfcahds `d sbjar bkbria= 2) lbs sustbhfcbs ariâhcfbs `d fb`dhb lbrib qud fahdhdh hctröidha y :) las las bl blfb fbla lac` c`ds ds.. Dsta Dstass ýlk ýlkas as fakp fakprd rdh` h`dh dh kufoa kufoas` s`d d la lass â ârk rkbf bfas as dkpl dkpldb db`a `ass dh kd`cfbkdhtas faka lb quchchb,lb fbdëhb, lb dstrcfhchb y lb hcfahb. VBJA VBJAZ Z TKBKC . Tkbk Tkbkcc ds uhb pblbj pblbjrb rb mbpahdsb mbpahdsb (quds (qudscihcefb cihcefb «`dlcfcasa·) «`dlcfcasa·) ulczb`b pbrb `dscihbr uhb sdhsbfcöh iustbvb birb`bjld qud rdsultb `cdrdhtd `ds`d dl puhta `d vcstb fublctbva `d las sbjards birca, sblb`a, `ulfd a bkbria. Tkbkc ds dl sbjar `akchbhtd `d las blckdhtas qud fahdhdh l-ilutbkbta, faka las dxtrbftas fârhcfas y dl qudsa furb`a, y bliuhas escölaias la fahsc`drbh uhb quchtb fbtdiarëb ch`dpdh`cdhtd `d dskulas dskulas iustbvas prckbrcas. prckbrcas. Th rdfdptar rdfdptar iustbva pbrb dl l-ilu l-ilutbkbt tbkbta a pud`d dstbr rdlbfcahb`a fah uha `d las rdfdptards ilutbkbtãricfas dxprdsb`a tbkjcãh dh lbs schbpscs hdurahblds `dl fdrdjra. Vch dkjbria, býh ha dstâh flbras f lbras las kdfbhcskas kaldfulbrds dxbftas rdspahsbjlds `dl sbjar ukbkc . (Iuytah)

 

Buhqud las fcdhefas `ds`d obfd kufoa dkpa frdydrah qud `cdrdhtds rdicahds `d lb ldhiub dstbjbh dspdfcblczb`bs pbrb sbjards `cdrdhtds, yb ha sd pcdhsb qud dsta sdb fcdrta. Pa`bs lbs ârdbs `d lb ldhiub dhdh lb fbpbfc`b` pbrb rdspah`dr b lbs fchfa fbtdiarëbs `d iusta. (Eax) Zdfub`ra bkbrclla `d lb `cbpascvb Zass

ZDFD^PAZDV @D LBV FCHFA KA@BLC@B@DV @DL ITVPA= chfluyd las `as pas prchfcpblds `d rdfdptards= las fah` fah`uftas uftas fahtralb`as fahtralb`as par lcibh`as lcibh`as (rdfdptards cahatröpcfas) y las I^FZ (kdtbjatröpcfas, bfaplb`as b pratdëhbs I). Las sbjards   sblb`a y birca sd pdrfcjdh par lb bfvbfcöh `d las rdfdptards cahatröpcfas.   Las sbjards birca, bkbria y ukbkc sah pdrfcjc`as par bfvbfcöh `d las rdfdptards kdtbjatröpcfas. (Ibhahi)

DL VBJAZ BKBZIA, @TLFD @T LFD S TKBKC ds `dtdftb`a par uhas`cdrdhtds   rdfdptards quckcasdhsarcblds. (las rdfdptards vbrcbh pbrb fb`b sbjar) Fb`b rdfdptar ds uhb pratdëhb trbhskdkjrbhb ch`cvc`ubl bfaplb`b b su prapcb pratdëhb I. @dspuãs `d lb bfvbfcöh `dl rdfdptar par lb sustbhfcb sâpc`b, lb pratdëhb I dskulb lb dhzckb asalcpbsb F, la qud fah`ufd b uh bukdhta `d lb pra`uffcöh chtrbfdlulbr `d chasctal 2,0,4-trcasbta (C^6), uhb kalãfulb sdiuh`a kdhsbmdra. Dl C^6 b su vdz dspdfëefas `dl iusta qud pdrkctdh lb dhtrb`b `d cahds Hb+ y bsë sd bfvb fah`uftas  `d Hb+ dspdfëefas `dspalbrczb lb fãlulb hduradpctdlcbl. Lb `dspalbrczbfcöh `d lb kdkjrbhb plbskâfb `dtdrkchb lb bpdrtu bpdrturb rb `d fah`u fah`uftas ftas `d Fb:+ bfvb`as par valtbmd dh lbs fãlulbs hduradpctdlcblds. Dl bukdhta `d lb fahfdhtrbfcöh `d Fb:+ chtrbfdlulbr, yb sdb par lb dhtrb`b dh lb fãlulb `d Fb:+ dxtrbfdlulbr (dl ddfta `d lb `dspalbrczbfcöh) a par su lcjdrbfcöh `ds`d las `dpösctas chtrbfdlulbrds (par dskulbfcöh `crdftb `dl C^6), pra`ufd lb lcjdrbfcöh `d kalãfulbs `d hduratrbhskcsards, qud idhdrbh ckpulsas hdrvcasas b la lbria `d lbs ejrbs hdrvcasbs bdrdhtds iustbvbs. Dl kdfbhcska `d lb trbhs`uffcöh pud`d sdr sckclbr dh vbrcas sbjards (ds `dfcr, bkbria a `u `ulf lfd) d)77 pd pdra ra ds ckpa ckpart rtbh bhtd td rd rdfa far` r`br br qud qud lbs lbs fãlu fãlulb lbss hd hdur urad adpc pctd tdlc lcbl blds ds sö söla la dxpr dxprds dsbh bh sdldfvbkdhtd uhb flbsd `d pratdëhbs rdfdptarbs. ^ar la tbhta, las kdhsbmds bfdrfb `d la bkbria a la `ulfd `d las blckdhtas sd trbhsedrdh bl VHF b la lbria `d `cdrdhtds ejrbs hdrvcasbs

VBJAZ AZ ÂFC@A ÂFC@A ds idhdrb`a par las pratahds O+ qud sdarkbh par lb oc`rölcscs `d las DL VBJ fakpudstas âfc`as. Dl O+ prckdra jlaqudb las fah`uftas `d G+ qud sd dhfbribh `d idhdrbr dl patdhfcbl `d kdkjrbhb fdlulbr qud fbusb su `dspalbrczbfcöh. B`dkâs, las pratahds O+ dhtrbh dh lb fãlulb b trbvãs fah`uftas `d Hb+ sdhscjlds b lb bkclarc`b y b trbvãs `d fah`uftas `d dspdfcefbfcöh, ^G@2L6 2L6 y ^G@:L2, qud sd dhfudhtrbh dh lbs fãlulbs hduradpctdlcblds `d`cfb`bs dh llbkb`as llbkb `as ^G@ arkb dxfluscvb b lb trbhs`uffcöh `dl sbjarâfc`a. Lb dhtrb`b `d O+ dh lb fãlulb rdfdptarb bfvb las fah`uftas `d Fb:+ sdhscjlds bl valtbmd . Lb dhtrb`b `dl Fb:+ `dsdhfb`dhb lb kcirbfcöh `d lbs vdsëfulbs schâpfbs, su uscöh y lb lcjdrbfcöh `dl trbhskcsar, la fubl pravafb lb idhdrbfcöh `d patdhfcblds `d bffcöh dh ejrbs hdrvcasbs sdhsarcblds fahiubs

 DL VBJAZ VBLB@A qud ds dskulb`a par lb sbl `d kdsb (HbFl), dh dsdhfcb `drcvb `dl iusta `d las cahds `d sa`ca. Dl Hb+ dhtrb dh lbs fãlulbs hduradpctdlcblds b trbvãs `d las fah`uftas `d Hb+ sdhscjlds b lb bkclarc`b dspdfëefas (las kcskas qud dstâh chvalufrb`as dh lb trbhskcscöh `dl sbjar âfc`a). Dstas fah`uftas sah `cdrdhtds `d las fah`uftas `d Hb+ sdhscjlds bl valtbmd qud idhdrbh patdhfcblds `d bffcöh dh lbs fãlulbs hdrvcasbs a kusfulbrds. Lb dhtrb`b `d Hb+ dh lb fãlulb rdfdptarb fbusb uhb `dspalbrczbfcöh `d su kdkjrbhb y lb bfvbfcöh `d kâs fah`uftas `d Hb+ sdhscjlds bl valtbmd y fah`uftas `d Fb:++ sdh Fb: sdhscj scjlds lds bl val valtbm tbmd d. Fak Faka a sd `dsfrcjc `dsfrcjcö ö bhtds, bhtds, dl chirds chirdsa a `d Fb:+   `dsd `dsdhfb`d hfb`dhb hb lb

 

kcirbfcöh `d lbs vdsëfulbs schâpfbs y lb   lcjdrbfcöh `dl hduratrbhskcsar fahtdhc`a dh dllbs, la iustbvbs . (Zass) qud fbusb lb dskulbfcöh `d lbs ejrbs hdrvcasbs iustbvbs.

UCBV @DL ITVPA= Lbs ejrbs sdhscvbs qud pravcdhdh `d las juljas `dl iusta dh las `as tdrfcas bhtdrcards `d lb ldhiub trbhsfurrdh dh lb fudr`b `dl kpbha  `dl hdrvca bfcbl y lbs qud pravcdhdh `dl tdrfca pastdr pas tdrcar car `d lb ldhiub ldhiub lldibh lldibh bl trahfa trahfa dhfdâlc dhfdâlcfa fa par kd`ca kd`ca `d `dll hdrv hdrvca ca ilasabrë ilasabrëhida. hida. Lbs ejrbs `d atrbs ârdbs dxtrblchiu dxtrblchiublds blds (faka lb brchid brchid)) lldibhv bl trahfa dhfdâlcfa dhfdâlcfa par kd`ca `dl hdrvca hdukaiâstrcfa a vbia. Dh fb`b lb`a, lbs e jrbs iustbvbs kcdlëhcfbs pdra `d fah`uffcöhvrdlbvbkdhtd ldhtb qud fahstuydh las trds hdrvcas fakdhtb`as, sd uhdh dh lb parfcöh iustbvb `dl hýflda `dl bsfëfula salctbrca ( HPV, hufldus ae tod trbftus salctbrcus ) dh dl julja rbquë`da. B pbrr `d `cfoa hýflda, las bxahds `d hdurahbs `d sdiuh`a ar`dh bsfcdh`dh dh dl kdhcsfa kd`cbl cpsalbtdrbl y dstbjldfdh praydffcahdsv`crdftbs bl hýflda pastdrakd`cbl (vdhtrbl) `dl tâlbka.@ds`d dl tâlbka, las bxahds `d lbs hdurahbs `d tdrfdr ar`dh pbsbh b atrbs qud dstâh dh lb ëhsulb bhtdrcar y dl apãrfula rahtbl `d lb fartdzb fdrdjrbl cpsalbtdrbl. Lb rdicöh kdhfcahb`b sd dhfudhtrb dh sdh`arastrbl bl ârdb “bfcbl‛ `d lb fcrfuhvalufcöh pasfdhtrbl, qu qud d ds praj prajbj bjld ldkd kdht htd d lb za zahb hb qud qud kd kd`c `cb b lb pdrf pdrfdp dpfc fcöh öh fa fahs hsfc fcdh dhtd td `dl `dl iu iust sta a y lb `csfrckchbfcöh iustbvb. (Ibhahi)

TKJZBL @DL ITVPAS @CVFZCKCHBFCAH @D CHPDHVC@B@ Lb fbpbfc`b` `d las sdrds oukbhas pbrb `csfrckchbr `cdrdhfcbs dh lb chtdhsc`b` `d las sbjards, b sdkdmbhzb `d lb `csfrckchbfcöh `d chtdhsc`b`ds par dl albta, ds rdlbvbkdhtd pdqudòb y jur`b. Ds hdfdsbrca uh fbkjca `d 6>% dh lb fahfdhtrbfcöh `d lb sustbhfcb par fbtbr, pbrb `dtdftbr uhb `cdrdhfcb `d chtdhsc`b`. Dl ukjrbl `dl iusta `dhatb lb fahfdhtrbfcöh këhckb dh qud sd pd pdrfc rfcjd jd uhb sustbh sustbhfcb fcb.. Lbs fah fahfdh fdhtrb trbfca fcahds hds ukjrbl ukjrblds ds `d sustbh sustbhfcbs fcbs b lbs fublds fublds rdbffcahbh las juljas iustbvas vbrëbh fah lb sustbhfcb pbrfulbr . Lbs sustbhfcbs bkbribs dh`dh b kastrbr dl ukjrbl kâs jbma. Bliuhbs sustbhfcbs töxcfbs faka lb dstrcfhchb dhdh uh sbjar bkbria, dh fahfdhtrbfcahds pdqudòësckbs, la qud dvctb lb chidsöh bffc`dhtbl `d lb kcskb, qud arcichb fahvulscahds ldtblds. Dl iusta prdsdhtb dl dhökdha “`d pasrdbffcöh‛ y dhökdhas `d fahtrbstd, sckclbrds dh bliuhb bli uhb arkb arkb b lbs ckâidh ckâidhds ds vcsubl vcsublds ds rdsc`u rdsc`ubld bldss y las fahtrb fahtrbstd stds. s. Bliuha Bliuhass `d dllas dllas sah “brtdbftas‛ quëkcfas, pdra atras pud`dh sdr dhökdhas rdblkdhtd fdhtrblds (`dl dhfãbla). Dh uhb plbhtb sd ob c`dhefb`a c`dhefb`a uhb pratdëhb pratdëhb ka`cefb`arb ka`cefb`arb `dl iusta, lb kcrbfulchb, qud bl bplcfbrlb dh lb ldhiub obfd qud lb pratdëhb fbkjcd dl sbjar âfc`a par `ulfd. Las bhckblds, chfluc`as las sdrds oukbhas, dhdh bvdrscahds pbrfulbrkdhtd chtdhsbs b blckdhtas hudvas sc `dspuãs `d fahsukcrlas “sd scdhtdh kbl‛. Lb ulc`b` `d tblds bvdrscahds dh lb supdrvcvdhfcb sd kbhcedstb dh sctubfcahds dh qud sd dvctb lb chidsöh `d töxcfas . (Ibhahi)