Fisicoquímica I. PROGRAMA. Excel

 

;. Ektms Fdbdrkjds ed jk ksifbkturk Bmlnrd ed jk jk ksifbkturk? @isiamquìliak I Ajkvd ed jk ksifbkturk? ksifbkturk? I[@-;775 QKUAK;? 11->>-4 4 Akrrdrk?? Ibfdbidrìk Akrrdrk Ibfdbidrìk [uì  >. Wrdsdbtkaiñb Akrkatdrizkaiñb ed jk ksifbkturk

Dstk ksifbkturk kpmrtk kj pdr`ij edj Ibfdbidrm [uìliam jms `ubekldbtms tdrlmeibëliaks ed sustkbaiks purks y ed ldzajks, dquijinrim ed `ksds y  pudedb aitkr? edstijkaiñb, dvkpmrkaiñb, knsmraiñb, aristkjizkaiñb, aristkjizkaiñb, sdakem, cul mtrms. @isiamquìliak I, sd rdjkaimbk amb [uìliak Ibmrfëbiak, [uìliak Mrfëbiak I y  prmpidekeds `ìsiaks y quìliaks ed jks sustkbaiks sustkbaiks sustdbtkeks db dj tipm ed dbj rdjkaiñb amb Udrlmeibëliak pdrlitd dstilkr prmpidekeds tdrlmeibëliaks ed  prildrk jdy ed jk tdrlmeibëliak k ei`drdbtds ei`drdbtds sistdlks. Dstk ks ksifbkturk pr prmpmraimbk jms ``ub ube ekldbtm btms pk pkrk dj dj e eiisdûm ed ed pr prmadsms ed s sd rdjk rdjkai aimb mbkk pkrk pkrk prde prdeda dair ir y dv dvkj kjuk ukrr jk am ambs bstk tkbt btdd y am amlp lpms msia iaiñ iñb b ed dq

Ibtdbaiñb eieëatiak

Dj prmfrklk ed jk ksifbkturk ed @isiamquìliak I sd mrfkbizk db auktrm tdlks, rdjkaimbkeks amb jks prmpidekeds tdrlmeibëliaks ed sistdlks purms y  prmpidekeds amjifktivks. Db dj pril prildr drm m y sdfu sdfube bem m tdl tdlkk sd sd edsk edskrr rrmj mjjk jkb b jms jms lmed lmedjm jmss lkt lktdl dlët ëtia iams ms db `u `u ldeinjds ldein jds qud pdrli pdrlitdb tdb dvkjukr dvkjukr jk jk vkrikai vkrikaiñb ñb ed dbdrfìk dbdrfìk ibtdrbk ibtdrbk,, dbtkjpì dbtkjpìk, k, dbtrm dbtrm ub amlpmbdbtd y ldzajks rdspdativkldbtd. Db dj tdradr tdradr tdlk dj dj dstueikbt dstueikbtdd kpjiak kpjiak jk tdmrìk tdmrìk ed dquijinr dquijinrim im ed `ksds, `ksds, ambstr ambstru u rdsudjvd prmnjdlks amb jdyds ed Cdbry y ^kmujt pkrk ldzajks iedkjds y jms ldzajks rdkjds. Wmr mtrm jkem, rdkjizk dxpdrildbtms qud jd pdrlitk ambtrkstkr Wkrkk dj aukrtm Wkr aukrtm tdlk tdlk sd sd ibvdsti ibvdstifkb fkb jks jks kpjiak kpjiakaim aimbds bds ed jks jks prmpi prmpidek dekeds eds amjif amjifkti kti smjutm smjut m bm vmjëtij db dj amlpmrtkl amlpmrtklidbtm idbtm ed jk vkrikaiñb vkrikaiñb edj pubtm pubtm ed dnujjiaiñ dnujjiaiñ vkpmr y prdsiñb mslñtiak. Qd pr prmp mpmb mbdd qud qud dj dst dstueik ueikbt btdd rrdk dkjjiad ibvds bvdsttifka ifkaiiñb ninj ninjiimfrë mfrë``iak y trk trknk nkoom dxp dxp utijizkr dstrktdfiks ed kprdbeizkod pkrk edskrrmjjkr edskrrmjjkr amlpdtdbaiks fdbériak mrfkbizkaiñb, kbëjisis y sìbtdsis pkrk amlubiakrsd ed lkbdrk d`dativk.

;

 Qistdlk ed Ksifbkaiñb y Urkbs`drdbaik ed Aréeitms Kakeéliams

 

Dj emadbtd ed @ìsiamquìliak I amb su dxpdridbaik ednd vibaujkr v ibaujkr jk tdmrìk amb kprdbeizkod kprdbe izkod sifbi` sifbi`iakti iaktivm vm (KNW, KWW, KWW, prëatiaks prëatiaks ed jknmrk jknmrktmrim tmrim,, aksms ed dstue dstue  pdrlitkb vkjmrkr jk ilpmrtkbaik ilpmrtkbaik ed jms tdlks knmrekems db jk ksifbkturk pkrk ibeustrik quìliak. 1. Wkrtiaipkbtds db dj eisdûm y sdfuilidbtm aurriaujkr edj prmfrklk Jufkr y `dack ed djknmrkaiñb

Wkrtiaipkbtds

m rdvisiñb

Ibstitutm Udabmjñfiam ed Pijjkcdrlmsk edj 6 kj ;; ed sdptidlnrd ed >779.

^dprdsdbtkbtds ed jms Ibstitutms Udabmjñfiams ed? Kfuksakjidbtds, Adjkyk, Adbtjk, Acicukcuk, Eurkbfm, Jk Jkfubk, Jëzkrm Aëredbks, Lktklmrms, Lériek, Libktitjëb, Mrizknk, Wkacuak, Wkrrkj, Ukpkacujk, Udpia, Umjuak, Umjuak, Pdrkaruz y Pijjkcdrlmsk.

^dprdsdbtkbtds

ed

jms

Ibstitutms

Udabmjñfiams ed? Kfuksakjidbtds, Adjkyk, Adbtjk, Acicukcuk, Eurkbfm, Jk Jkfubk, Jëzkrm Aëredbks, Lktklmrms, Lériek, Ibstitutm Udabmjñfiam ed Adjkyk edj Libktitjëb, Mrizknk, Wkacuak, Wkrrkj, 3 kj ;> ed `dnrdrm ed >7;7. Ukpkacujk, Umjuak, Pdrkaruz y Pijjkcdrlmsk.

^dprdsdbtkbtds ed Udabmjñfiams ed? Ibstitutm Udabmjñfiam ed Pijjkcdrlmsk, edj ;9 kj >> ed lkrzm ed >7;1.

jms

Ibstitutms

Kfuksakjidbtds, Aklpdacd, Ae. Lkedrm, Adjkyk, Adbtjk, Acicukcuk, Amkakjam, Eurkbfm, Jk Jkfubk, Jëzkrm Aëredbks, Lériek, Lktklmrms, Libktitjëb, Mrizknk, Wkacuak, Ukpkacujk, Uioukbk, Umjuak, Uuxtjk Futiérrdz y Pijjkcdrlmsk.

Udabmjñfiam Bkaimbkj ed Léxiam, ^dprdsdbtkbtds ed jms Ibstitutms edj >4 kj >0 ed Udabmjñfiams ed? kfmstm ed >7;5. Kfuksakjidbtds, Kpizkam, Nmak edj ^ìm, Adjkyk, Adrrm Kzuj, Ae. Ouërdz,

 

Ae. Lkedrm, Acicukcuk, Amkakjam, Amktzkamkjams, Eurkbfm, Daktdpda, Jk Jkfubk, Jdrem, Lktklmrms, Lériek, Ldxiakji, Lmtÿj, Budvm Jkrdem, Mrizknk, Wkacuak, Wmzk ^iak, Wrmfrdsm, ^dybmsk, Qkjtijjm, Qkbtikfm Wkpksquikrm, Ukbtmyuak, Ujkjbdpkbtjk, Umjuak, Pdrkaruz, Pijjkcdrlmsk, _kaktdaks y _kaktdpda. ^dprdsdbtkbtds ed Ldxiakbms (WDLDS).

Wdtrñjdms

5. Amlpdtdbaik(s) k edskrrmjjkr Amlpdtdbaik(s) dspdaì`iak(s) ed jk ksif

^dsudjvd prmnjdlks ed dquijinrim dquijinrim ed `ksds ed sistdlks sistdlks purms y ldzajks ldzajks amb dj dlpjdm dlpjdm ed jks jks rdjkaimbds rdjkaimbds `ubekld `ubekldbtkjd btkjdss ed jk tdrlmei tdrlmeibëlia bëliak, k, rdjkaimb rdjkaimb Lkxwdjj y amd`iaidbtds ed kativieke y `ufkaieke.

4. Amlpdtdbaiks prdviks

Kpjiak Kpji ak jks jks da dauka ukaim imbd bdss ei` ei`dr drdba dbaik ikjd jdss pkr pkrkk dj dj edskr edskrrm rmjj jjm m ed ed lme lmedj djms ms ed jk jkss prm prmpi pi Kpjiakk jk prildrk jdy Kpjia jdy ed jk tdrlmeibëliak tdrlmeibëliak pkrk pkrk rdkjizkr rdkjizkr aëjaujms aëjaujms ed dbdrfìk d ^dkjizk nkjkbad fdbdrkj ed dbtrmpìk db sistdlks tdrlmeibëliams. Akjaujk jms `ìsiaks.

0. Udlkrim Bm.

Udlks

 

;

Wrmpidekeds Wrmpi dekeds tdrlmeibëliak tdrlmeibëliakss ed sustkbaiks sustkbaiks purks. purks. ;.; ^djka ^djkaimbds imbds t ;.> ^ ^ddfjk ed ed ``kks ;.1 ;.1 Wrm Wrmpi pide deked ked adrrkems. ;.5 Dvkjukaiñb sustkbaiks purks ed dstkem. ;.4 Aklnims

>

Wrmpidekeds tdrlmeibëliaks ed ldzajks.

>.;. Wrmpidek smjuaimbds. >.> Wmtdbaikj quì >.1 @ufkaieke sustkbaiks purks >.5 Kativieke y >.4 Wrmpidekeds >.0 Lmedjms ed

1

Dquijinrim ed `ksds.

1.; Dquijinrim jì 1.> Dquijinrim jì 1.1 Dquijinrim jì 1.5 Dquijinrim jì

5

Wrmpidekeds amjifktivks

5.; Kuldbtm db 5.> Eislibuaiñb 5.1 Eislibuaiñb 5.5 Wrdsiñb msl

6. Kativiekeds ed kprdbeizkod ed jms tdlks ;. Wrmpi Wrmpide deked kedss tdrl tdrlme meib ibël ëlia iaks ks ed j Amlpdtdbaiks

 

Amlpdtdbaik dspdaì`iak? Kpjiak jk rdjkaiñb `ubekldbtkj ed jk tdrlmeibëliak y jks daukaimbds ed Lkxwdjj pkrk dj edskrrmjjm ed lmedjms ed aklnim ed? dbdrfìk ibtdrbk, dbtkjpik, dbtrmpik y dbdrfìks jinrds ed sustkbaiks purks. Dvkjuk jks prmpidekeds bm ldeinjds ed sistdlks purms db dstkem ed trkbsiaiñb. Amlpdtdbaiks fdbériaks? Akpkaieke ed kbëjisis y sìbtdsis. Qmjuaiñb ed Wrmnjdlks. Cknijieke pkrk nÿsqudek ed

Ibvdstifkr y kb `ubekldbtkj ed adrrkems. Akjaujkr jks v tdrlmeibëliaks daukaimbds ed ds dj ambadptm ed jk ttddlpdrkturk p

ib`mrlkaiñb. pkrk trknkokr ed dquipm.  prmnjdlks Cknijieke db Akpkaieke dj usm ed tdabmjmfìks e ddb ib`mrlkaiñb Ajkpdyrmb. qud y amlubiakaiñb. Akpkaieke ed kpjiakr jms Akjaujkr prdsim ambmailidbtms db jk prëatiak. dnujjiaiñb ldei ambstkbtds. Ibvdstifkr jk ed ed Finns y sus k

>. Wrmpidekeds tdrlmeibë Amlpdtdbaiks Amlpdtdbaik dspdaì`iak? Kpjiak jk tdmrìk ed jks smjuaimbds Ibtdrprdtkr jms  pkrk mntdbdr jks prmpidekeds tdrlmeibëliaks ed quì quìlia iam, m, do dodl dlpj pj ldzajks. ^dkjizk aëjaujms ed amd`iaidbtds ed `ufkaieke y fksdmsks, ksì am katvieke db ldzajks. Amlpdtdbaiks fdbériaks? Akpkaieke  prmpidekeds tdr  ed kbëjisis y sìbtdsis. Qmjuaiñb ed Wrmnjdlks. Cknijieke Ibvdstifkr y rd  pkrk nÿsqudek ed ib`mrlkaiñb. Akpkaieke pkrk  pkraikjds. trknkokr db dquipm. Cknijieke db dj usm ed Kbkjizkr jms lét tdabmjmfìks ed ib`mrlkaiñb y amlubiakaiñb.  prmpidekeds lmj Akpkaieke ed kpjiakr jms ambmailidbtms db jk prëatiak. @ubekldbtkr dj Amlubiakaiñb mrkj y dsaritk. amd`iaidbtd ed `u Akjaujkr dj a sustkbaiks purks Ibtdrprdtkr jms a ed kativieke y d

Akjaujkr dj amd dxpdrildbtkjds Akjaujkr prmp sm smjjuaim uaimbd bdss iied edkj kj

1. D Amlpdtdbaiks

 

Amlpdtdbaik dspdaì`iak? Ibtdrprdtk dj aritdrim ed dquijinrim Ibvdstifkr dj amb ed `ksds pkrk mntdbdr ektms ed dquijinrim db sistdlks pkrtir ed ekt  nibkrims utijizkbem jk jdy ed ^kmujt, jk jk jdy ed Cdbry pkrk Ibvdstifkr dj amb djknmrkr eikfrklks ed dquijinrim. @ubekldbtkr jms Amlpdtdbaiks fdbériaks? Akpkaieke ed kbëjisis y sìbtdsis. Cdbry y ed ^km Kbkjizk dj ambad Qmjuaiñb ed Wrmnjdlks. Cknijieke pkrk nÿsqudek ed iedkj eijuiek. ib`mrlkaiñb. Akpkaieke pkrk trknkokr db dquipm. Frk` k`ia iakk ektm ektmss e Cknijieke db dj usm ed tdabmjmfìks ed e d ib`mrlkaiñb Fr

y amlubiakaiñb. kpjiakr jms mrkj y dsaritk. lmedjms eiedkjds d smju ambmailidbtms db Akpkaieke jk prëatiak.ed Amlubiakaiñb dsaritk. nibkrims (Lkrfujds, Pkb Ibtdrprdtkr dj ambstruaaiñb ed Kbkjizkr jk eds  pkraikjldbtd li ^dprdsdbtkr fr amlpmbdbtds (l Amlpkrkr jks smj ^kmu ^k mujt jt y jdy jdy e @ubekldbtkr y dquijinrim sñjie `mrlkaiñb ed ibambfrudbtd). ^dsmjvdr prmnjd `ksds.

5. Wrmpide Amlpdtdbaiks

Kativie

 

Ibvdstifkr y kbkj Amlpdtdbaik dspdaì`iak? Kpjiak jks prmpidekeds lktd lk tdlë lëti tiak akld ldbt bt amjifktivks pkrk iedbti`iakr iedbti`iakr amlpudstms k trkvés trkvés ed su keiaimbkr ub smj lksk lmjkr. Amlpdtdbaiks fdbériaks? Akpkaieke ed kbëjisis y sìbtdsis.  pubtm ed dnujjiai Akjaujkr dj p Qmjuaiñb ed Wrmnjdlks. Cknijieke pkrk nÿsqudek ed djdatrmjitms k trk ib`mrlkaiñb. Akpkaieke pkrk trknkokr db dquipm. lktd tdlë lëti tiak akld ldbt bt Cknijieke db dj usm ed tdabmjmfìks ed ib`mrlkaiñb y lk mslñtiak pmr jk amlubiakaiñb. A kjaujkr jk prds djdatrmjìtiaks.

3. Wrëatiak(s)

Nkjkbad ed dbtkjpik Nkjkbad dbtkjpik db db ub sistdlk sistdlk ed pkrde pkrde keiknët keiknëtiak iak pkrk pkrk edtdrl edtdrlibkai ibkai Edtdrlibkaiñb ed dbtkjpìk ed `usiñb `usiñb edj cidjm cidjm Dbtkjpìk ed vkpmrizkaiñb ed ub ibtdfrkj ibtdf rkj ed ed eismjuaiñ eismjuaiñb b Edtdrlib Edtdrlibkaiñb kaiñb edj vmjuldb vmjuldb pkraikj pkraikj lmjkr lmjkr Edtdrl Edtdrlibkai ibkai D`datm ed jk ambadbtrkaiñb ed smjutm db jk tdlpdrkturk ed dnujjiaiñb

9. Wrmydatm ed ksifbkturk

Dj mnodtivm edj prmydatm qud pjkbtdé dj emadbtd qud ilpkrtk dstk ksifbkturk, d amlpdtdbaik(s) ed jk ksifbkturk, ambsiedrkbem jks sifuidbtds `ksds?   @ubekldbtkaiñb? lkram rd`drdbaikj (tdñriam, ambadptukj, ambtdxtukj,  prmydatm ed kaudrem amb ub eikfbñstiam rdkjizkem, lislm qud pdrlitd ed jk jk rd rdkjieke m si situkaiñb mn mnodtm ed ed ds dstueim pk pkrk ed ed`ibir ub ub prmadsm ed i lmedjm.   Wjkbdkaiñb? amb nksd nksd db dj eikfbñs eikfbñstiam tiam db db dstk `ksd sd sd rdkjizk rdkjizk dj eisdûm eisdûm e amb amb ksds ksdsmr mrìk ìk edj emadb emadbtd td88 ilp ilpji jiak ak pjk pjkbi bi`i `iakr akr ub prmad prmadsm sm?? ed ib ibtd tdrv rvdd eisdûm ed ub lmedjm, dbtrd mtrms, sdfÿb dj tipm ed prmydatm, jks kativiekeds k armbmfrklk ed trknkom.   Dodauaiñb? ambsistd db dj edskrrmjjm ed jk pjkbdkaiñb edj prmydatm amb ksdsm ksdsmrìk rìk edj edj emadbt emadbtd, d, ds edai edairr db jk ibtd ibtdrvd rvdbai baiñb ñb (smai (smaikj, kj, dlpr dlprdsk dskri ri sdfÿ sdfÿb b dj tip tipm m ed prm prmyd ydat atm, m, ds ds jk `k `ksd sd ed ed lkymr lkymr eurka eurkaiñ iñb b qud qud ilpj ilpjia iakk dj eds edsdl dl dspdai`iaks k edskrrmjjkr.   Dvkjukaiñb? ds jk `ksd `ibkj qud kpjiak ub ouiaim ed vkjmr db dj ambtdxtm j sd ednd rdkjizkr k trkvés edj rdambmailidbtm ed jmfrms y kspdatms k ldomrkr sd ‚dvkjukaiñb pkrk jk ldomrk ambtibuk“, jk ldtkamfbiaiñb, dj edskrrmjjm edj pdbsklidbtm arìtiam y rd`jdxivm db jms dstueikbtds. 







;7. Dvkjukaiñb pmr amlpdtdbaiks

 

Wkrk dv dvkjukr jk jks kat katiiviekeds ed ed kp kprdbeizk zkood sd sd rd rdamlidbek smj mjiiaitkr? lk lkpks am am ed aksms, aksms, dxpms dxpmsiai iaimbds mbds db ajksd ajksd,, dbskym dbskyms, s, prmnj prmnjdlk dlkrim rims, s, rd rdpmr pmrtds tds ed ed visi visi audstimbkrims. Wkrkk vdri` Wkr vdri`iak iakrr ddjj bivdj bivdj edj jmfrm jmfrm ed ed jks jks amlp amlpdtd dtdbai baiks ks edj edj dstuei dstueikbt kbtdd sd sd rdaml rdamlii vdri`i vdr i`iaka akaiñb iñb,, lktr lktriad iadss ed ed vkjm vkjmrka rkaiñb iñb,, fuìk fuìkss ed ed mnsd mnsdrvk rvkaiñ aiñb, b, amdvkju amdvkjukk

;;. @udbtds ed ib`mrlkaiñb

;. Kclde, U. C. (>776). Dquktimbs (>776). Dquktimbs m` Qtktd kbe WPU Kbkjysis? Kpp Fuj` Wunjiscibf Amlpkby >. Kclde, U. (>779). Vm Vmrh rhib ibf f Fui Fuied ed tm Pkpm Pkpmrr-Ji Jiqu quie ie Wcks Wcksdd Dqu Dquij ijii 1. Kthibs, Vijjikl W. @isiamquìliak W. @isiamquìliak (4ª de.). Léxiam? Kee eeiismb-Vd 5. Nkjj, Ekvie V. (>77>). @isiamquiliak. (>77>). @isiamquiliak. Léxiam? Ucmlsmb. 4. Akstdjjkb, Fijndrt. (;936). @isiamquìliak(>ª (;936). @isiamquìliak(>ª de.). Léxiam? Keeis 0. Ackbf, ^. (>774). @isiamquìliak (>774). @isiamquìliak (1 de.). LaFrkw Cijj Ibtdrkldr  6. Cdbjdy, D. O., Qdkedr, O. E. (>777). Mp Mpdr drkai kaimb mbds ds ed sd sdpk pkrk rkai aiñb ñb p Deitmrikj ^dvdrté. 3. Jkiejdr, H. L. (>77>). Wcysiakj (>77>). Wcysiakj Acdlistry witc witc stuedbt (5tc de.). 9. Jdvibd, I. I. @isiamquìliak  @isiamquìliak (4ª de.). Lkerie, Dspkûk? LaFrkw-Cijj. ;7. Lkrmb, Q. C. & Wruttmb, W ruttmb, L. K. (>77>). @ubekldbtms (>77>).  @ubekldbtms ed `isiamqui ;;. Lmmrd, V. O. [uìliak @ìsiak (5ª de.). Umrmbtm, Akbkeë? Wrdbtiad ;>. Wdrry-Acijtmb. Lkbukj edj Ibfdbidrm [uìliam (0ª de.). Léxiam? ;1. ^die-W ^die-Wmji mjibfbf-Wrk Wrkusb usbit itz. z. Ucd Ucd Wrmp Wrmpdrt drtids ids m` fksds fksds kbe kbe jiqu jiquies ies (5ª d ;5. Qlitc, O.L., Pkb Bdss-Knnmt. (>776). Ibtrmeuatimb (>776).  Ibtrmeuatimb tm acdliakj (6ª de.) Léxiam? LaFrkw-Cijj. Léxiam. ;4. Qtkbjdy, L. Vkjks. (;934). Wcksd (;934).  Wcksd dquijinrik ib acdliakj dbfibdd Cdibdlkbb, Eivisimb m` ^dde Wunjiscibf. ;0. Urdynkj, ^ (;99>). Mpdrkaimbds ed trkbs`drdbaik ed lksk (5k. d

 

 

iak

  bdadskrims qud ibvmjuarkb prmpidekeds  prmpidekeds amjifktivks, dbtrd jm qud sd iei`iakaiñb, dxtrkaaiñb, kesmraiñb dbtrd [uìliak Mrfëbiak II pkrk dstknjdadr jks ad ed jms amlpudstms quìliams. Db jìquiems y fksds, kedlës kpjiakr jk  pkrkaiñb. Kedlës amb @isiamquìliak II ijinrim db sistdlks amb rdkaaiñb quìliak.

 

db jms aukjds sd ibajuydb kspdatms ujtiamlpmbdbtds, dquijinrm ed `ksds y aiñb ed prmpidekeds tdrlmeibëliaks  pìk y dbdrfìk jinrd ed Finns db sistdlks ed d d ibtdrprdtk eikfrklks ed `ksds. Kedlës

 

medjms Lkrfujds, Pkb Jkkr y Vijsmb pkrk ms rdsujtkems mntdbiems. ks y akjaujk jms d`datms ed jk keiaiñb ed ub y ambfdjkaiñb, edsadbsm ed jk prdsiñb ed drildbtkj db dquipm, qud qud jd pdrlitk s amlm jk akpkaieke ed pjkbi`iakaiñb,

 

 

k prëatiak pkrk ambstruir dsadbkrims ed m dbtrd mtrks) db jms dstueikbtds, qud jd jms prmadsms ed sdpkrkaiñb amlubds db jk

Dvdbtm

^dubiñb Bkaimbkj ed Eisdûm d Ibbmvkaiñb Aurriaujkr pkrk dj Edskrrmjjm y @mrlkaiñb ed Amlpdtdbaiks Wrm`dsimbkjds ed jks Akrrdrks ed Ibfdbidrìk Klnidbtkj, Ibfdbidrìk Nimquìliak, Ibfdbidrìk [uìliak d Ibfdbidrìk db Ibeustriks Kjildbtkriks.

^dubiñb Bkaimbkj ed Ambsmjiekaiñb ed jms Wrmfrklks db Amlpdtdbaiks Wrm`dsimbkjds ed Akrrdrks ed Ibfdbidrìk Klnidbtkj, Ibfdbidrìk Nimquìliak, Ibfdbidrìk [uìliak d Ibfdbidrìk db Ibeustriks Kjildbtkriks.

^dubiñb Bkaimbkj ed Qdfuilidbtm Aurriaujkr ed jks akrrdrks ed Ibfdbidrìk I bfdbidrìk Klnidbtkj, Ibfdbidrìk Nimquìliak, Ibfdbidrìk db Ibeustriks Kjildbtkriks d Ibfdbidrìk [uìliak, edj QBIU.

^dubiñb ed trknkom pkrk jk katukjizkaiñb ed jms pjkbds ed dstueim edj sdatmr dbdrfétiam, amb jk pkrtiaipkaiñb ed WDLDS.

 

kturk

 

, dvkjukbem prmpidekeds tdrlmeibëliaks s ed

 

dekeds tdrlmeibëliaks bm ldeinjds. sistdlks adrrkems y knidrtms. aklnims ed dbtkjpik db trkbs`mrlkaimbds

   

Quntdlks

 

  rlmeibëliaks. s ed Finns.   tdrlmeibëliaks db sistdlks knidrtms y

 

d prmpidekeds tdrlmeibëliaks ed  pmr amrrdjkaimbds dlpìriaks y daukaimbds d prmpideke db jk zmbk ed trkbsiaiñb.  

ds

tdrlmeibëliaks

ed

jks

liam   amd`iaidbtds ed `ufkaieke pkrk y smjuaimbds.   md`iaidbtd ed kativieke.  ed dxadsm.   mjuaimbds.          

 

 

uiem-vkpmr. uiem-jìquiem. uiem-fks. uiem-sñjiem. dj pubtm ed dnujjiaiñb.  edj pubtm ed ambfdjkaiñb.  ed jk prdsiñb ed vkpmr. tiak.

s sustkbaiks purks ativiekeds ed kprdbeizkod

 

 

jizkr dj edskrrmjjm ed jk rdjkaiñb jk tdrlmeibëliak db sistdlks knidrtms y rikaimbds db jks prmpidekeds ed sustkbaiks purks utijizkbem jks tkem pkrk fksds iedkjds y rdkjds. Kbkjizkr  prdsiñb ed vkpmr y su edpdbedbaik amb rk kpjiakrjk db jk rdsmjuaiñb ed ilpjiakb jk daukaiñb Ajkusius-

 

ds ed vkpmr y tdlpdrkturks ed btd daukaimbds ed trds y auktrm mstrkaiñb ed jk rdfjk ed jks `ksds jiakaimbds.

 

iaks ed ldzajks ativiekeds ed kprdbeizkod

 

mbadptms ed smjuaiñb y pmtdbaikj ms ed smjuaimbds jìquieks, sñjieks y m jk ilpmrtkbaik db dj aëjaujm ed jks meibëliaks sulir jks prmpidekeds lmjkrds

 

       

 

ems frë`iams pkrk edtdrlibkaiñb ed krds pkraikjds. mbadptm y aëjaujm ed `ufkaieke y fkaieke. d`iaidbtd ed `ufkaieke pkrk y smjuaimbds. badptms ed kativieke, amd`iaidbtd drfìk jinrd ed Finns db dxadsm.

iaidbtd ed kativieke k pkrtir ed ektms y ed daukaimbds sdlidlpìriaks. idekeds tdrlmeibëliaks ed s y rdkjds.

   

 

uijinrim ed `ksds Kativiekeds ed kprdbeizkod

 

       

adptm ed dquijinrim ed `ksds. Ambstruir k s dxpdrildbtkjds eikfrklks W-x y U-x. adptm ed kzdñtrmpm y su eikfrklk U-x. prmnjdlks ed kpjiakaiñb ed jk jdy ed jt. tm ed pmtdbaikj quìliam db ubk smjuaiñb d dquijinrim jìquiem-vkpmr pkrk sistdlks

         

y rdkjds k pkrtir edninjimfrk`ìk jms pkrëldtrms ed iñb rdpmrtkems db jk kkr, Vijsmb). uijinrim jìquiem-jìquiem y jk ms eikfrklks U-x. ijkaiñb ed jìquiems iblisainjds y ainjds. `iakldbtd dj dquijinrim ed trds étmem ed Finns). uaimbds iedkjds db dj sdbtiem ed jk jdy ed Cdbry pkrk dj dquijinrim jiquiem-fks. ambstruir eikfrklks U-x pkrk dj -jìquiem (dutéatiam silpjd amb jk mlpudstm, amb tdlpdrkturk ed `usiñb ks qud ibvmjuarkb dquijinrim ed

 

keds amjifktivks eds ed kprdbeizkod

 

 

 

 

izkr jks prmpidekeds amjifktivks. Lmedjkr y akjaujkr jk vkrikaiñb edj d`datm ed tm bm vmjëtij smnrd jk prdsiñb ed vkpmr, ñb y pubtm ed ambfdjkaiñb ed ubk smjuaiñb. sm lmjdaujkr ed smjutms bm és ed jks prmpidekeds amjifktivks. Lmedjkr dj d`datm qud sd tidbd db jk prdsiñb eiaiñb ed ub smjutm db ub smjvdbtd purm. iñb mslñtiak db smjuaimbds bm

 

ñb ed jk tdlpdrkturk ed dquijinrim k sustkbaik purk Edtdrlibkaiñb edj akjmr ñb ed prdsiñb ed vkpmr 

  s edlmstrkr edlmstrkr dj edskrrmjjm y kjakbad ed jk(s) jdfkj) db dj aukj sd `ubekldbtk dj jms dstueikbtds jmfrkr jk amlprdbsiñb tdrvdbaiñb m ckadr dj eisdûm ed ub j prmydatm pmr pkrtd ed jms dstueikbtds aiñb dlprdskrikj, smaikj m amlubitkrim, dj rdkjizkr jms rdaursms rdqudriems y dj dkjizkek pmr p mr pkrtd p krtd ed jms dstueikbtds j), m ambstruaaiñb edj lmedjm prmpudstm dûm ed jks amlpdtdbaiks fdbériaks y  nmrkj-prm`dsiñb, smaikj d ibvdstifktivm, ibvdstifktivm, éstk dstkrë prmlmvidbem dj ambadptm ed

 

 

badptukjds, rdpmrtds ed prëatiaks, dstueims ks, pmrtk`mjim ed dviedbaiks y bek utijizkr? jistks ed amtdom, jistks ed iñb y kutmdvkjukaiñb.

 

iaktimbs `mr Ilprmvde ^dsdrvmir Lmedjibf. rik Akjaujktimbs. Hibejd sjdy Indrmkldriakbk.

   

b-Vdsjdy Indrmkldriakbk. iakbk.   r dtkpks ed dquijinrim (;ª de.). Léxiam? mufctmb Li``jib.

     

 

liak. Léxiam? Jilusk. Ckjj.   aFrkw-Cijj. .). LaFrkw-Cijj. DD. TT. ;996.   bfibddribf tcdrlmeybklias ibf (5ª de.). TQK? TQK? NuttdrwmrtcNuttdrwmrtc-

 

.). LaFrkw-Cijj. DD.TT