Fisica 2

 

PKN\@TYNHOH KOINAKOC PKN\@TYNHOH  KOINAKOC H@ YOK OMPYXÅK H@ OT@_PNRO LOIPCXOH H@ IN@KINOY DNACÙMNIOY H@ROTXOE@KXA OIOHÎENIA H@ DNACAMÅO

Xrodoga h` nkv`stnmoinùk

PXNCNWOINÙK H@ EOTIOY @C@IXTÙKNIOY –RNX XOMY― @K CNACO@EPY OYNMKOXPTO7 Låsnio   NKX@MTOKX@Y/IPN7  -Iokhy Oyen Oyen Toeas Lcar`s / 42?>4= 42?>4=2280  -Knkoiakha Eacca G`s÷s - Eortnk`z Eozzo Jossokhro /42?>?=88

Y@E@YXT@7 NN Y@IINÙK7 –O― Or`qunpo ’ R`r÷ 42?>

 

H@HNIOXATNO

H`hnioeas `st` trodoga prnkinpoce`kt` o Hnas, par fod`rkas hoha co vnho y p`rentnrkas `c fod`r cc`moha fosto `st` eae`kta tok nepartokt` h` ku`stro lareoinùk pral`snakoc. O ku`stros eohr`s, par s`r `c pncor eïs nepartokt` y par h`eastrorkas sn`epr` su iornÿa y opaya nkiakhninakoc snk nepartor ku`stros hnl`r`kinos h` apnknak`s. O ku`stras pohr`s, o p`sor  h` ku`stro hnstokino låsnio, s`ktneas qu` `stïs iak kasatras sn`epr` y oukqu` kas loctorak euifos iasos par vnvnr guktas.

 

OMTOH@INEN@KXA

@k prne`r cumor hoeas hoeas nklnkntoe`kt` mroino mroinoss o Hnas, par fod`rkas fod`rkas hoha lu` lu`rzo rzo y vocar poro `stor `k `c ioenka h` lareorkas pral`snakoce`kt` pral`snakoce`kt`.. Omroh`i`eass toednîk co iaklnokzo y `c opaya drnkhoha par port` h` ku`stros loencnos, qu` snk Omroh`i`ea huho ocmuko `k `c troy`ita h` ku`stros vnhos kas fok h`eastroha su oear, iarrnmn`kha ku`stros loctos loctos y i`c`d i`c`drokha rokha ku`stras trnuklas. Rar ÷ct ÷ctnea nea,, om omroh roh`i` `i`eas eas o ku` ku`str stras as iaepoÿ iaepoÿ`ra `rass h` ico icos`, s`, ku`str ku`stras as lutura luturass iac`m iac`mos os y o ku`stras hai`kt`s qu` kas nkiuciok iakainen`kta. @stoeas @sto eas s`mu s`muras ras qu` cos e`to e`toss qu` kas f`eas pcok pcokt`oh t`ohaa `k `sto vnho horïk lrutas lrutas `k uk lutura y `s par `sa qu` h`d` h`d`eas eas soirnlniorkas ioho ioho håo `k ku`stras `stuhnas po poro ro iuepcnrcos.

 

NKHNI@ H@HNIOXATNO....................................................................................................................4 OMTOH@INEN@KXA............................. OMTOH@INEN@KXA....... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ...................................9 .............9 T@YPE@K.................................. T@YPE@K............ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ...............................................< .........................< NKXTAHPIINÙK.................................................................................................................=

IORÅXPCA N................... ......................................... ............................................ ............................................ ......................................................... ...................................66 ?.?.- RCOKX@OEN@KXA H@C R RTADC@EO TADC@EO.............................................................6 ?.?.?.-LATEPCOINÙK ?.?.?.-LATEPCOINÙ K H@C RTADC@EO.................................................................6 ?.?.4.- GPYXNLNIOINÙK H@ CO NK\@YXNMOINÙ NK\@YXNMOINÙK K..............................................6 ?.?.4.- E@XAHACAMÅO H@ NK\@YXNMOI NK\@YXNMOINAK NAK....................................................6 ?.?.4.?.- KN\@C H@ NK\@YXNMOINÙK NK\@YXNMOINÙK....................................................................6 ?.?.4.4.- XNRA H@ NK\@YXNMOINÙK..................... NK\@YXNMOINÙK........................................... ..................................................... ...............................66 ?.?.9.-H@CNENXOINÙK....................................................................................................6 ?.4.- ADG@XN\AY...... ADG@XN\AY............................ ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ..................................... ....................6 .....6

?.4.?.- ADG@XN\A M@K@TOC...........................................................................................6 ?.4.4. ADG@XN\AY @YR@IÅLNIAY...................................................................................6 IORÅXPCA NN..................... ........................................... ............................................ ............................................ ............................................ ................................> ..........> 4.?.- X@TENKAY DÏYNIAY...........................................................................................> 4.4.- OKX@I@H@KX@Y H@C RTADC@EO.................................................................> IORÅXPCA NNN.................... .......................................... ............................................ ............................................ ...................................................?2 .............................?2 9.?.- EOTIA X@ÙTNIA..............................................................................................?2

 

9.?.?.- YNYX@EO H@C ENITAIFNR..........................................................................?2 9.4.- ORCNIOINAK@ ORCNIOINAK@Y Y.................... ........................................... ............................................. ............................................ ..................................?2 ............?2 9.4.?.- Ynst`eos h` enira lcunha i`cucor....................................................................?2 9.9. -LPXPTA H@ CAY ENITAIFNRY...................... ............................................ ............................................ ..........................?? ....?? IORNXPCA N\...................................................................................................................?4 8.?.- ±_uî `s `c @tnqu`toha Rnt1.................................................. Rnt1....................................................................................... .....................................?4 ?4 8.4.- ±_uî Nklareoinùk Ru`h`k Rraparinakor Cos @tnqu`tos Rnt1....................................?4 Rnt1....................................?4 8.9 Cnaco`eus............................ Cnaco`eus.................................................. ............................................ ............................................ ...........................................?9 .....................?9 8.9.? Cnaco`eus kntnhus............. kntnhus................................... ............................................ ............................................ ..................................... .................?9 ..?9 8.9.4 C. t`kuns.......... t`kuns................................ ............................................. ............................................. ............................................ ..................................?8 ............?8 0.?@sp`in`s Adg`tnva........... Adg`tnva................................. ............................................ ............................................ .................................................?0 ...........................?0 0.4H`sirnpinùk H` Co Xîiknio H` Eoriog`........... Eoriog`................................. .......................................................... ....................................?0 ?0 ?.

T@YP T@YPCXOHA CXOHAY.... Y......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ............. ..............?= ......?=

4.

IAKIC IAKICPYNAK PYNAK@Y.. @Y....... .......... ......... ......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... .......... ........... ................ ................... ..............4? .....4?

Dndcnamrolåo..........................................................................................................................4?

 

T@YPE@K Co låsnio `stï hnr`itoe`kt` r`coinakoho iak `c ovoki` t`ikacùmnia iaea co ir`oinùk h` enira ifnps qu` `s uk h`s`kcoi` h` nkstrue`kta `k `c ioepa h` co dnacamåo, `c pr`s`kt` trodoga  pr`t`kh` `xpcnior y h`toccor oi`rio h` iùea cas hnspasntnvas nkt`mroc`s oyuhok poro co nkv`stnmoinùk h` `sp`iålnioe`kt` cas Rnt toms, sn`kha `stas cas ÷ctneas ovoki`s in`ktålnias y t`ik t` ikac acùm ùmni nias as.. @st` @st` trod trodog ogaa h` nkv` nkv`st stnm nmoi oinù nùkk tn`k tn`k`` ia iaea ea ad adg` g`tn tnva va m` m`k` k`ro rocc ok okoc ocnz nzor or `c lukinakoen`kta nkt`rka h` uk tnpa h` ifnp y iaea adg`tnvas `sp`iålnias t`k`eas `c h` `xpcnior co nepartokino h` cas s`ksar`s nkt`mrohas `k uk Rnt toms, y ormue`ktor `c usa, cas  d`k`lninas y cos cnentoinak`s h`c `tnqu`toha h`c trokspakh`har nkt`mroha posnva nkt`rka (RNX). Roro `cca iaktoeas h` uko fnpùt`sns h` uko nkv`stnmoinùk pralukho t`ùrnio `k hnv`rsos lu`kt`s iaklnodc`s. T`soctokha co nepartokino h` co låsnio `k `c ovoki` h` nkstrue`ktas h` rostr`a  padcoinakoc `k `stuhnas dnacùmni dnacùmnias. as.

Rocodros icov`s7 Enira ifnps, Rnt toms, hnspasntnvas nkt`mroc`s. ODYXTOIX Rfysnis ns hnr`itcy r`cot`h ta t`ifkacamnioc t`ifkacamnioc ohvoki`e`kt suif os tf` ir`otnak al enira ifnps tfot ns ok nkstrue`kt autiae` nk tf` ln`ch al dnacamy, tf` pr`s`kt warj nkt`khs ta `xpconk okh h`tonc odaut faw nkt`mroc h`vni`s f`cp ta sp`inlnioccy nkv`stnmot` Rnt toms , tf`s` d`nkm tf` cot`st sin`ktnlni okh t`ifkacamnioc ohvoki`s. Xfns r`s`orif warj fos os o m`k`roc adg`itnv` ta okocyz` tf` nkt`rkoc lukitnaknkm al o typ` al ifnp okh os sp`inlni adg`itnv`s w` fov` ta `xpconk tf` nepartoki` al tf` s`ksars nkt`mrot`h nk o Rnt toms, okh ormu` tf` us`, d`k`lnts okh cnentotnaks al trokspakh`r cod`cnkm Nkt`rkoc possnv` nkt`mrot`h (RNX). Lar tfns w` fov` o fypatf fyp atf`sn `snss al o h`` h``pp tf` tf`ar` ar`tni tnioc oc r`s r`s`or `orif if nk vornau vornauss r`c r`cnod nodc` c` sa sauri uri`s. `s. Fnm Fnmfcn fcnmft mftnkm nkm tf` nepartoki` al pfysnis nk tf` ohvoki`e`kt al papucotnak troijnkm nkstrue`kts nk dnacamnioc stuhn`s.

 

J`ywarhs7 Enira ifnps, Rnt toms, nkt`mroc h`vni`s.

NKXTAHPIINÙK @k co oituocnhoh, `c prai`sa h` lodrnioinùk y co r`iamnho h` hotas poro co lodrnioinùk h` uk ifnp r`suctok iora y codarnasa. R`ra `s pasndc`, `k `st` trodoga kasatras nkv`stnmoeas oi`rio h` iùea cas hnspasntnvas nkt`mroc`s snrv`k poro co nkv`stnmoinùk h` enira ifnps opcniohas `k co  dnacamåo iaea nkstrue`kta rostr`ohar, `sp`iålnioe`k `sp`iålnioe`kt` t` cas Rnt toms `k hnl`r`kt`s nkv`stnmoinak`s `tacùmnios h` cas okneoc`s y iaea co låsnio oyuho `k co `vacuinùk h` `sto t`ikacamåo `k `sto port` h` r`iac`iinù r `iac`iinùkk h` hotas dnacùmnias. @c trodoga iaksto h` tr tr`s `s iopåtucas cas iuoc`s s`rïk `xpcniohas dr`v`e`kt` o iaktnkuoinùk. iaktnkuoinùk. IORÅXPCA N7 Y` `xpcnio oi`rio h`c pcokt`oen`kta e`tahacùmnia hakh` s` gustnlnio parqu` `c`mneas `st` t`eo h` nkv`stnmoinùk, toednîk cos ioroit`råstnios h` co pr`s`kt` nkv`stnmoinùk. nkv`stnmoinùk. IORÅXPCA NN7 Y` ho h` iakainen`kta h`c eoria t`ùrnia hakh` s` h`tocco cas okt`i`h`kt`s h`cc pra h` pradc` dc`eo eo qu` kas kas oy oyuho uhorak rak ia iaea ea pnc pncor` or`ss h` `st `stoo nkv`st nkv`stnmo nmoinù inùk. k. H`sorr H`sorracc accor` or`eas eas `c  pcokt`oen`kta h`c pradc`eo pradc`eo oc nmuoc qu` ca h`cnento h`cnentor`eas. r`eas. @k `st` iopåtuca toednî toednîkk s` pcokt`o ku`str ku` stras as adg adg`tn `tnvas vas m`k m`k`ro `roc`s c`s y `s `sp`i p`iåln ålnias ias,, iak cas iuo iuoc`s c`s qu`r`e qu`r`eas as cc` cc`mor mor iak ku`str ku`stroo nkv`stnmoinùk, Y`munhoe`kt` Y`munhoe`kt` lareucoeas co fnpùt`sns ` nh`ktnlnioeas sus vornodc`s pr`s`kt`s. IORÅXP IOR ÅXPCA CA NNN7 Y` `xp `xpcni cnioo y h`t h`tocc occoo oi oi`ri `rioo h` foc foccoz cozmas mas `x `xp`r p`rne` ne`kto ktoc`s c`s iakir` iakir`tas tas nkv`s nkv `stnm tnmoha ohas, s, qu` oyu oyuhok hok o sus sust`k t`ktor tor `st `stîî pr` pr`s`k s`kt` t` tro trodog doga. a. Oså toe toednî dnîkk cas eot`r eot`rnoc noc`s `s,, eîtahas utncnzohas y cas r`suctohas adt`knhas. IORÅXPCA N\7 Lnkoce`kt` pr`s`ktoeas cos iakicusnak`s y dndcnamrolåo intoho `k `st`  pray`ita h` nkv`stnmoinùk. nkv`stnmoinùk.

 

IORÅXPCA N  ?.?.- RCOKX@OEN@KXA H@C RTADC@EO

?.?.?.-LATEPCOINÙK ?.?.?.-LATEPCOIN ÙK H@C RTADC@EO Cos `tnqu`tos RNX nkt`rkos s` h`sorraccorak mroinos o qu` cos h` koturoc`zo `xt`rko cas foi` susi`ptndc` h` p`rh`rs` a vacv`rs` nc`mndc`s `k co r`iopturo oså ensea `stos `tnqu`tos `xt`rkos a eorios toednîk m`k`rok hacar `k `c okneoc, tokta qu` s` fo iaksnh`roha nkfueoka, `s par  `cca qu` iak hnifo nkv`stnmoinùk s` qun`r` hor o iakai`r cas d`k`lninas h` cas RNX.

?.?.4.- GPYXNLNIOINÙK H@ CO NK\@YXNMOINÙK Co utn utncnz cnzoi oinùk nùk h` eni enira ra ifnps ifnps lov lovar` ar`i` i`rï rï `k e÷c e÷ctnp tnpc`s c`s roe roeos, os, `k `ktr` tr` `cc `ccos os `c okïcns okïcnsns ns  dnacùmnia, y `c ovoki` h` co t`ikacamåo, oituoce`kt` `c enira ifnps usoha iak eïs lr`iu`kino sak cos `tnqu`tos RNX qu` sak cas hnspasntnvas h` trokspakh` trokspakh`har har nkt`mrohas posnvas, rozùk par  co iuoc `xpcnior`eas co r`coinùk h` co låsnio iak cas eniraifnps ifnps utncnzokha cos `tnqu`tos RNX, y poro oså odrnr ku` ku`vos vos våos po poro ro co nkm`kn`råo.

?.?.4.- E@XAHACAMÅO H@ NK\@YXNMOIN NK\@YXNMOINAK AK ?.?.4.?.- KN\@C H@ NK\@YXNMOINÙK NK\@YXNMOINÙK  Dïsnio ?.?.4.4.- XNRA H@ NK\@YXNMOINÙ NK\@YXNMOINÙK K 



H`sirnptnvo

?.?.9.-H@CNENXOINÙK  

Iakt`knha7



@spoina7 Pknv`rsnhoh Koinakoc h` Yok Omuståk

 

Xn`epa7 Oÿa 42?>

 

?.4.- ADG@XN\AY

  ?.4.?.- ADG@XN\A M@K@TOC Okocnz Oko cnzor or `c luk lukina inako koen` en`kta kta låsnia låsnia nkt`rk nkt`rkaa h` uk hns hnspas pasntn ntnva va ifn ifnpp utncnz utncnzoh ohaa ia iaea ea `tn `tnqu` qu`tos tos RNX `k r`p r`ptnc tnc`s `s y su opcnio opcnioinù inùkk `k `c iak iakt`a t`a padcoi padcoinak nakoc oc po poro ro nkv`s nkv`stnm tnmoi oinak nak`s `s `tacùmnios `k co dnacamåo.

  ?.4.4. ADG@XN\AY @YR@IÅLNIAY 

@xpcnior co r`coinùk h` co låsnio iak cas hnspasntnvas ifnps



@xpcnior cos opcnioinak`s h` cos `tnqu`tos RNX `k cas r`ptnc`s iaea nkstrue`kta rostr`ohar 

?.9 FNRAX@YNY Cos oktnmuos e`tahacamåos e`tahacamåos qu` s` usodok ``kk cas okneoc`s `rok euy hoÿnkos poro poro `stas, par  ca qu` s` qun`r` qun`r` v`r, qu` iak `s `stas tas XNR XOM s` pu`ho s`munr s`munr `stuhnokha o cos `sp`in`s `sp`in`s p`ra qu` t`kmok t`kmok uk eåknea hoÿa `k su earlacamåo a su `stnca h` vnho `k su `iasnst`eo y oh`eïs oh`eïs t`k`r e`gar r`mnstra h` `ccos

IORÅXPCA NN 4.?.- X@TENKAY DÏYNIAY RNX7 @s uk eniraifnp `c`itrùknia, usoha poro co nh`ktnlnioinùk y rostr`a.

4.4.- OKX@I@H@KX@Y H@C RTADC@EO @c usa h` co `tnqu`to RNX, qu` `s uk tnpa h` eniraifnp `c`itrùknia, s` fo dosoha iak `c eavnen`kta h` cas p`i`s h` ofå s` oepcnù eoyarntornoe`kt` `k `c eu`str`a h` cas okneoc`s, iak r`sp`ita o su padcoinùk, par co r`prahuiinùk a eu`rt`, toednîk poro co nh`ktnlnioinùk y `c rostr`a. @stos `tnqu`tos RNX nkt`rkos s` h`sorraccorak mroinos o qu` cos h` koturoc`zo `xt`rko cas foi` susi`ptndc` h` p`rh`rs` a vacv`rs` nc`mndc`s `k co r`iopturo y pu`h`k iae`t`rs` `rrar`s oc

 

eae`kta h` c``r, yo qu` `stos `tnqu`tos `xt`rkos a eorios toednîk m`k`rok hacar `k `c okneoc, tokta qu` s` fo iaksnh`roha nkfueoka, `k `stos inriukstokinos s` ir`orak `stos `tnqu`tos RNX nkt`rkos, h` usa eïs oii`sndc` camrokha t`k`r uko eoyar huroinùk. Cas nkv`stnmohar`s ads`rvorak euy paio p`rhnho h` `stos `tnqu`tos, cas iuoc`s ocmukas s`  p`rhn`rak ukas ?2 håos h`spuîs h` co nepcoktoinùk, `stos lu`rak euy iaklnodc`s, yo qu` s` r`ocnzorak vornas pradc`eos, `stos ka iousorak ocm÷k rn`sma nkt`rka, iaea cas iosas h` ir`inen`kta, co v`cainhoh a `k co r`prahuiinùk, ca qu` nkhnio qu` sak euy iaklnodc`s `stos `tnqu`tos nkt`rkos. Cos `tnqu`tos RNX s` `stuhnorak `k hnl`r`kt`s oedn`kt`s `k `c su`ca, `k `c onr` a `k `c omuo, s` hna uk du`k r`suctoha, toednîk s` hna o `kt`kh`r qu` par eatnvas h` cas `ktarkas runhasas a e`toc`s l`rrasas iousorak nkt`rl`r`kinos `ktr` co iaeuknioinùk `c`itraeomkîtnio h`c c`itar y co `tnqu`to.

IORÅXPCA NNN 9.?.- EOTIA X@ÙTNIA 9.?.?.- YNYX@EO H@C ENITAIFNR Icosnlnioinùk h` eniraifnps h` oiu`rha oc tnpa h` cnd`roinùk7 O. Cnd`roinùk oitnvo7  @c iakt iaktra racc h` co cnd` cnd`ro roin inùk ùk s` cc`v cc`voo par par oi oitn tnvo voin inùk ùk `c `cîi îitr trni nio, o, e`iï e`iïkn knio io a vå våoo nkocïedrnio. D. Cnd`roinùk posnvo7  @c iaktrac h` co cnd`roinùk h`p`kh` h` ca eot`rnoc`s pacneîrnias qu` ca r`iudr`k, `st` ka h`d` s`r eoknpucoha cu`ma h` su nepcokt`.

 

Lnmur` ?7 snst`eos h` cnd`roinùk oivo (O) y posnvo (D)

Cass en Ca enir irai aifn fnps ps iak iak sn snst st`e `eos os h` cnd` cnd`ro roin inùk ùk po posn snvo vo us usok ok e` e`ed edro roko koss h` pa pacå cåe` e`ra ra h`mrohodc`s. Pso `c pat`kinoc aseùtnia, co hnlusnùk y cas mrohn`kt`s h` iaki`ktroinùk iaea snst`eo h` cnd`roinùk. Co iaepasninùk, `c p`sa eac`iucor y `c `sp`sar h` co e`edroko h`t`renkok iuokha `c lïreoia iakt`knha iakt`knha `k `c eniraifnp s` cnd`ro Z INXOXNAK Yut?8 Sc 4206 U.

9.4.- ORCNIOINAK@Y   9.4.?.- Ynst`eos h` enira lcunha i`cucor @s nepartokt` iakai`r `c e`hna i`cucor hurokt` `c prai`sa h` nkv`stnmoinùk h` ku`vas lïreoias. Cas snst`eos h` enira lcunhas p`rent`k eoknpucor uk adg`ta h` toeoÿa i`cucor qu` p`rent` adt`k`r okïcnsns doga oedn`kt`s iaktracohas, p`ra lnsnacùmnioe`kt` r`c`vokt`s. Osn ensea uk kue`ra h` `xïe`k`s pu`h` hors` poroc`coe`kt` `k uk ensea eae`kta h` eok`ro iaktracoho camrok cam rokha ha oså tro trodo dogor gor `k uko ukoss iak iakhni hninak nak`s `s iae iaepor porodc odc`s `s ia iakk cos h` h`cc e`hna e`hna lns lnsnac nacùmn ùmnia ia Z INXOXNAK \Ro?< Sc 4206 U.

 

  9.9. -LPXPTA H@ CAY ENITAIFNRY @c usa m`k`rocnzoha h` co t`ikacamåo h` cas eniraifnps tn`k` uk mrok pat`kinoc poro trokslareor cas snst`eos eah`rkas h` soknhoh. Cas eniraifnps h` cnd`roinùk eahnlnioho  pu`h`k oyuhor `k `c trotoen`kta h` `kl`re`hoh`s `kl`re`hoh`s qu` pr`s`ktok uk doga åkhni` h` iuepcnen`kta (`kl`re`hoh`s (`kl`re`hoh`s e`ktoc`s, cormas trotoen`ktas oktndnùtnias) a iak rn`sma h` odusa loreoiacùmnia. Oituoce`kt` cas `stuhnas h` eniraifnps `k fueokas s` `kiu`ktrok cnentohas o ukos paios `kl`re`hoh`s, cas ovoki`s `k `sto t`ikacamåo oepcnorïk su usa o uk eoyar rokma h` ïr`os t`ropîutnios. Cas lïreoias iuyo ohenknstroinùk r`sucto hnlåinc a `s r`ifozoho par `c poin`kt`  pahrïk s`r ohenknstrohas ohenknstrohas o trovîs h` `stas ku` ku`vas vas snst`eos snst`eos,, camrokha poutos h` ohenknstroinùk ohenknstroinùk outaeotnzohos eïs s`muros y `lnioi`s. @k luturas `ksoyas s` `vocuorïk eniraifnps iak 9