Fire Technology And Arson Investigation Reviewer.docx

Fire Technology Technology And Arson Investigation Reviewer  criminologists 12:20 PM

criminology

Fire Technology

Fire Technology and Arson Investigation

3 State of matter    

Solid Liquid Gas

4 General Categories Of Heat Energy Chemical Heat Energy Electrical Heat Energy Mechanical Heat Energy Nuclear Heat Energy Bacdraft - a phenomenon in which a ire that has consumed all a!aila"le o#ygen suddenly e#plodes when more o#ygen is made a!aila"le$ typically "ecause a door or window has "een opened% Boiling !oint - The temperature o a su"stance where the rate o  e!aporation e!apor ation e#ceeds the rate o condensation% British Thermal "nit - &'T() The amount o heat heat needed to raise the temperature o one pound o water one degree F% Calorie - The amount o heat needed to raise the temperature o one

gram o water one degree Centigrade% Centigrade - &Celcius) *n the Centigrade scale$ +ero is the melting point o ice, .. degrees is the "oiling point o water% Chemical Heat Energy Heat o Com"ustion - The amount o heat generated "y the com"ustion &o#idation) process% Heat o /ecomposition - The release o heat rom decomposing compounds% These compounds may "e unsta"le and release their heat !ery quic0ly or they may detonate% Heat o Solution - The heat released "y the mi#ture o matter in a liquid% Some acids$ when dissol!ed$ gi!e o suicient heat to pose e#posure pro"lems to near"y com"usti"les% Spontaneous Heating - The heating o an organic su"stance without the addition o e#ternal heat% Spontaneous heating occurs most requently where suicient air is not present to dissipate the heat produced% The speed o a heating reaction dou"les with each 1. F &1. C) temperature increase% Classification of Fires Class 2 Fire - Fires in!ol!ing ordinary com"usti"le materials$ such as wood$ cloth$ paper$ ru""er and many plastics% Class ' Fires - Fires in!ol!ing lamma"le liquids$ greases and gases% Class C Fires - Fires in!ol!ing energi+ed electrical equipment% Class / Fires - Fires in!ol!ing com"usti"le metals$ such as magnesium$ titanium$ +irconium$ sodium and potassium% Class 3 Fires - Class 3 is a new classiication o ire as o 441 and in!ol!es ires in com"usti"le coo0ing uels such as !egeta"le or animal ats% Com#$stion - is the sel-sustaining process o rapid o#idation o a uel "eing reduced "y an o#idi+ing agent along with the e!olution o  heat and light% %ry Chemicals and Halons - method o ire e#tinguishment$ interrupt the lame producing chemical reaction$ resulting in rapid e#tinguishment% Electrical Heat Energy /ielectric Heating - The heating that results rom the action

o either pulsating direct current$ or alternating current at high requency on a non-conducti!e material% Heat rom 2rcing - Heat released either as a high-temperature arc or as molten material rom the conductor% Heat Generated "y Lightning - The heat generated "y the discharged o thousands o !olts rom either earth to cloud$ cloud to cloud or rom cloud to ground% 5nduction Heating - The heating o materials resulting rom an alternating current low causing a magnetic ield inluence% Lea0age Current Heating - The heat resulting rom imperect or improperly insulated electrical materials% This is particularly e!ident where the insulation is required to handle high !oltage or loads near ma#imum capacity% 6esistance Heating - The heat generated "y passing an electrical orce through a conductor such as a wire or an appliance% Static Electricity Heating - Heat released as an arc "etween oppositely charged suraces% Static electricity can "e generated "y the contact and separation o charged suraces or "y luids lowing through pipes%

Endothermic Heat &eaction - 2 chemical reaction where a su"stance a"sor"s heat energy% E'othermic Heat &eaction - 2 chemical reaction where a su"stance gi!es o heat energy% Fahrenheit - *n the Fahrenheit scale$ 78 degrees is the melting point o ice, 88 degrees is the "oiling point o water% Fire (oint - The temperature at which a liquid uel will produce !apors suicient to support com"ustion once ignited% The ire point is usually a ew degrees a"o!e the lash point% Fire Triangle - *#ygen$ Fuel$ Heat Fire )ational Training Instit$te - &FNT5) the 5nstitution or training on human resource de!elopment o all personnel o the 'ureau o Fire 9rotection &'F9)% Flame - 2 gas-phased com"ustion% Flamma#le or E'(losive *imit - The percentage o a su"stance in air

that will "urn once it is ignited% Most su"stances ha!e an upper &too rich) and a lower &too lean) lamma"le limit% Flashover - an instance o a ire spreading !ery rapidly across a gap "ecause o intense heat% *ccurs when a room or other area "ecomes heated to the point where lames lash o!er the entire surace or area% Flash !oint - The minimum temperature at which a liquid uel gi!es o suicient !apors to orm an ignita"le mi#ture with the air near the surace% 2t this temperature$ the ignited !apors will lash$ "ut will not continue to "urn% F$el - is the material or su"stance "eing o#idi+ed or "urned in the com"ustion process% Material such as coal$ gas$ or oil that is "urned to produce heat or power% F$el &emoval - method o ire e#tinguishment$ ire is eecti!ely e#tinguished "y remo!ing the uel source% This may "e accomplished "y stopping the low o liquid or gaseous uel or "y remo!ing solid uel in the path o the ire or allow the ire to "urn until all uel is consumed% Glo+ing Com#$stion - 2 condensed phased com"ustion% Heat - the quality o "eing hot, high temperature% 2 orm o energy arising rom the random motion o the molecules o "odies$ which may "e transerred "y conduction$ con!ection$ or radiation% Heating - is transer o energy$ rom a hotter "ody to a colder one$ other than "y wor0 or transer o matter% Heat of Com#$stion - The amount o heat generated "y the com"ustion &o#idation) process% Heat Transfer Conduction - Conduction is the transer o energy through matter rom particle to particle% Heat may "e conducted rom one "ody to another "y direct contact o the two "odies or "y an inter!ening heat-conducting medium% Con!ection - is the transer o heat "y the actual mo!ement o the warmed matter% Transer o heat "y the mo!ement o  air or liquid% 6adiation - Electromagnetic wa!es that directly transport energy through space% Ignition Tem(erat$re - The minimum temperature to which a uel in air must "e heated in order to start sel-sustained com"ustion independent o the heating source%

Heat - The orm o energy that raises temperature% Heat is measured "y the amount o wor0 it does% Heat of %ecom(osition - The release o heat rom decomposing compounds% These compounds may "e unsta"le and release their heat !ery quic0ly or they may detonate% Heat of Sol$tion - The heat released "y the mi#ture o matter in a liquid% Some acids$ when dissol!ed$ gi!e o suicient heat to pose e#posure pro"lems to near"y com"usti"les% ,echanical Heat Energy Frictional Heat - The heat generated "y the mo!ement "etween two o":ects in contact with each other% Friction Spar0s - The heat generated in the orm o spar0s rom solid o":ects stri0ing each other% Most oten at least one o the o":ects is metal% Heat o Compression - The heat generated "y the orced reduction o a gaseous !olume% /iesel engines ignite uel !apor without a spar0 plug "y the use o this principle% )$clear Fission and F$sion - The heat generated "y either the splitting or com"ining o atoms% O'idation - The comple# chemical reaction o organic material with o#ygen or other o#idi+ing agents in the ormation o more sta"le compounds% O'idi-ing Agents - are those materials that yield o#ygen or other o#idi+ing gases during the course o a chemical reaction% O'ygen %il$tion - is the reduction o the o#ygen concentration to the ire area% !hases of Fire 5ncipient 9hase &Growth Stage) Free-'urning 9hase &Fully /e!eloped Stage) Smoldering 9hase &/ecay Stage) !rod$cts of Com#$stion

     

Fire gases Flame Heat Smo0e

!yrolysis .also no+n as thermalde com(osition/  - is deined as the chemical decomposition o matter through the action o heat% &A 012  created the BF!5 'ureau o Fire 9rotection &'F9) - administers and enorces the ire code o the 9hilippines% The Fire 'ureau shall ha!e the power to in!estigate all causes o ires and$ i  necessary$ ile the proper complaints with the city or pro!incial prosecutor who has :urisdiction o!er the case% Chie o the Fire 'ureau - ran0 is /irector% /eputy Chie or 2dministration o the Fire 'ureau - 8nd highest oicer in the 'F9% 6an0 is Chie Superintendent% /eputy Chie or *peration o the Fire 'ureau - the 7rd highest oicer in the 'F9% 6an0 is Chie Superintendent% Chie o /irectorial Sta o the Fire 'ureau - ;th highest oicer in the 'F9% 6an0 is Chie Superintendent% /irectors o the /irectorates in the respecti!e national headquarters oice - ran0 is Senior Superintendent% 6egional /irector or Fire 9rotection - The 'F9 shall esta"lish$ operate and maintain their respecti!e regional oices in each o the administrati!e regions o  the country% 6an0 is Senior Superintendent% - Hes regional oices - ran0 is Senior Superintendent% /istrict Fire Marshall - the heads o the NC6 district oices ran0 is Senior Superintendent% 9ro!incial Fire Marshall - the heads o the pro!incial oices ran0 is Superintendent% /istrict Fire Marshall - heads o the district oices - ran0 is Chie 5nspector% Chie o Municipal