Fire Detection and Suppression PPT

www.honeywell.com

Fir ire e Al Ala arm & Sup Suppr pre ess ssio ion n Sy s t ems - Mai n tena tenan nce For: Bui ldi ng Maint Maint enance/O enance/Operator perator Staff, Engi Engi neers neers and Techn Techn ici ans Presented Pre sented by: Honeyw ell Life Li fe Safety Safety (MEA) (MEA) – Tech Techni nical cal Department Department By : Novel Daniyel – Technical/Training Dep’t Manager Manager

Objectives • Understanding FIRE FIRE Detection  Detection and Alarm • Understanding Understanding the principle of a Fire Alarm System • To know the basic components of a Fire Alarm System and its principle of operation • Understanding Understanding the principle of a Fire Suppression System & its Components • Understanding Understanding the importance of System Maintenance • How to perform good maintenance maintenance of your system

 Agenda •  Sections 1, 2 and 3 •  TEA/COFFEE break •  Section 4, 5 & 6 •  Q & A

Objectives • Understanding FIRE Detection and Alarm • Understanding the principle of a Fire Alarm System • To know the basic components of a Fire Alarm System and its principle of operation • Understanding the principle of a Fire Suppression System & its Components • Understanding the importance of System Maintenance • How to perform good maintenance of your system

Section 1: Detection & Alarm Detection:

SENSES : SIGHT, SMELL, FEEL

Section 1: Detection & Alarm  Alarm: FIRE ! FIRE ! ! FIRE ! ! !

SENSE – Hearing and Sight (audible) (visible)

Objectives • Understanding FIRE Detection and Alarm • Understanding the principle of a Fire Alarm System • To know the basic components of a Fire Alarm System and its principle of operation • Understanding the principle of a Fire Suppression System & its Components • Understanding the importance of System Maintenance • How to perform good maintenance of your system

What is a Fire Alarm System?  A system or portion of a combination system that consists of components and circui ts arranged to moni tor and annunciate the status of fire alarm or supervisory signal-initiating devices and to initiate appropriate response to t hose signals. NFPA 72 2002

Fire Alarm Panel

Initiating/Monitoring Appliance

 Alarm Notification Appliance

Section 2 : Fire Alarm Principle • A LIFE SAFETY principle that provides Early Warning to building occupants wh en the fire is in i ts incipient or early stage.

Input

Signal & Detectio n

FACP

Output

Output & Notification

In Summary…

The Fire Alarm primary function is firstly to detect a fire or fire condition, and secondly to sound audible alarms in all parts of the building – BS5839

Objectives • Understanding FIRE Detection and Alarm • Understanding the principle of a Fire Alarm System • To know the basic components of a Fire Alarm System and its principle of operation • Understanding the principle of a Fire Suppression System & its Components • Understanding the importance of System Maintenance • How to perform good maintenance of your system

Detector Categories • Fire Detection Devices (Input / Initiation Devices) - Devices which detect fi re/smo ke …e.g: heat detectors,

smoke detectors, flame detectors, manual call poin ts….etc.

• Fire Alarm Devices (Output / Notification Devices) - Devices wh ich alert people of the fire cond itio n…e.g: soun ders, voice alarms, str obes…etc

• Fire Circuit Devices (Line Units) - Devices with electrical func tion s related directly to t he detectio n/alarm circuit , e.g: sort cir cuit isolators, inpu t output line units.

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components

 Automatic detection

Detector Categories Heat detection • • •

Fixed Temperature Rate of Rise Linear heat detection

Smoke detection • • • • •

 Aspiration detectors Beam - ligh t obsc uration Ionization Video Smoke Detection Optic al - ligh t scatter

Other types of detection • • •

Flame Gas or CO detection Multi -sensor fire detectors Combin ation of Optical, Heat & CO sensors

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components Order of Response 1. 2.

Aspirating Detectors Spot Type Smoke Detectors

3. Flame Detector 4. Heat Detector

Time   y    t    i   v    i    t    i   s   n   e    S   e    k   o   m    S

1

Incipient Stage

2

Visible Smoke

3

4

Flaming Fire

Intense Heat

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components Heat detection: Temperature measurement principle

• • • •

May be FIXED temperature type – 57 degC May be RATE-OF-RISE type – 10 degC per minute Combination Heat detectors are available (ROR + FIXED) Used in high steam or dusty environments viz. Garages, Kitchens

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components Linear (Line Type) Heat Detector

 Actuators Protective Tape

Outer Insulation

Heat Sensitive Material

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components Smoke detection: Ionisation principle

• • •

Small amount of radioactive material (Americium 241) ionizes chamber Current flows in the chamber due to ionized air particles Smoke decreases conductivity, causing ALARM

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components Smoke detection: Photo-Electric/Optical principle

• • • •

Works with light scattering principle Contains light transmitter and photosensitive receiver During normal operation - light does not fall on receiver Smoke ingress causes light reflection onto the receiver, causing ALARM  Aeros ol particles

IR Emitter 1400

IR Photo diode receiver

Back Scatter

Forward Scatter

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components Light Scattering Principle

Sensing Chamber

Light Emitting Diode

Photo Diode Partition

Sectio ct ion n 3 : FAS Basic Compon om pone ents nt s • Optical pt ical Chamber

Sectio ct ion n 3 : FAS Basic Compon om pone ents nt s Combination detector: Optical+Heat

Sectio ct ion n 3 : FAS Basic Compon om pone ents nt s Smoke mo ke detection: detectio n: Beam Beam sensor pass • Requires a transmitter and a receiver (single pass • Reflecting types types are also available (double (double pass) • Avoid direct sunlight sunlight on RECEIVER • Tx and and Rx powered powered by control control panel panel OR external source

 ABC Logistics Warehouse Warehouse

Tx

Tx

R  A C K S

Rx

Rx

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components Double Pass Beam Sensor

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components • Smoke detection: High sensit ivit y aspir ating smoke detector • Pipes with aspir ating holes • Each hole is c onsi dered a point detector (equivalent to a single smoke detector) • Used in very clean environments (computer labs) • Can be up to 100 times more sensiti ve than a standard smoke detector

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components  Air Aspirating Systems Protected Area

Calibrated  Air Samp li ng Fan

High Sensitivity Sampling Chamber

Sampling Detector

 S   a m  p l   i   n  g P   o r   t    s 

 S   a m  p l   i   n  g P   o r   t    s 

Sampling Pipe

 S   a m  p l   i   n  g P   o r   t    s 

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components

Other type of detectors: IR/UV Flame sensors CO gas detectors (Odourless gas) Duct Smoke Detectors Video Detection

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components Water-Flow Switch  Any flow of water from a sprinkler system, due to OPENING of a sprinkler head, will result in activation of this switch and subsequently indicate an alarm condition

Flow switch

WET R I S E R

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components

Manual detection

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components Manual Detection • Fire Box or Manual Pull Station or Break Glass Unit - When activated it trips an ALARM - Installed in exit paths, stairwells, lift lobbies

• Various types: - Single Action Pull handle once  Glass Break - Glass rod or plate is broken 

- Double Action 

Lifting of a cover or opening a door



Glass Break – Then push activation button

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components

Manual A L A R M

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components OUTPUT devices (not detection devices): • • • • •

Controlled by the panel Can be visual, audible or both Can be local or remote More than one may be activated Devices may be mounted inside or outside based on level of protection required • May consist of:

- Sirens - Bells / Sounders - Buzzers - Horns - Voice Drivers - Strobes – Visual alarm using flashing lights :  

Used to help the hearing impaired Or if the ambient backgr ound noi se level is hig h

 Automatic  A L A R M

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components

 Audible  Automatic A L A R M Bell

Horn Speaker (Textual Audio ):  An incident has been Detected in the building Please leave the building By the nearest available EXIT Do not use the LIFTS

Sounders

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components

Visual  Automatic A L A R M

Strobes

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components  Audible / visual  Automatic A L A R M Chime/Strobe

Horn/Strobe

Speaker/Sounder/detector/strobe

Sounder/Strobe

Speaker/Strobe

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components

PANELS FCI 7100

NFS2-3030

IdentiFlex 602 MS-9600

ZX-1e

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components Control Panel:

•Receives signals from initiation devices (contacts, smoke detectors etc.) • Activates appropriate notification devices (horns/bells, strobes etc .) •Monitors system wiring and power (AC/DC) •Processes programmed instructions (shutdown A/C, recall elevators, etc . . . ) •Informs the fire station through central monitoring station (if applicable)

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components

Elements of a Control Panel R e q u i r e s t w o P o w e r So u r c e s

Primary (AC)

Secondary (DC)

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components • Power Supply -  Mains supply 230V AC Use un-switched outlet close to the panel. Put a signboard –

SUPPLY FOR FIRE ALARM PANEL DO NOT TAMPER

- Battery Backup (internal to the panel)  Backup

source in case of power loss/failure e.g: electrical fault

 Fire

systems require specific amounts of available backup time (controlled by standards/codes/local authorities) • NFPA (24hr standby + 5 mins full alarm) • BS5839-1 (24hr standby + 30 mins full alarm)

 Supplies

current for both detection/initiation devices and alarm/notification devices

Section 3 : FAS Basic Components

Remote Annunciators Zone Annunci ator

Liquid Crystal Display

Remote Serial L CD

Graphic Annunciator (Custom)

Remote Annunc iator Remote Annu nciator 

Remote Annunc iator

Objectives • Understanding FIRE Detection and Alarm • Understanding the principle of a Fire Alarm System • To know the basic components of a Fire Alarm System and its principle of operation • Understanding the principle of a Fire Suppression System & its Components • Understanding the importance of System Maintenance • How to perform good maintenance of your system

Section 3 : Fire Suppression System • A combination of LIFE SAFETY & PROPERTY SAFETY that comprises of Detection and Suppression, operates automatically wit hout or with human intervention.

Principle of a Fire Suppression • A total flooding system that extinguishes fire by reducing OXYGEN level or inhibits CHEMICAL REACTION in an enclosure/room using Inert or Clean Agent gases. • The system composes of Alarm Detection Devices, Agent/Gas cylinder, Mechanical piping and Solenoid actuator device.

Fire Triangle Principle: “ Eliminating one of its elements will extinguish fire”

System Applications • Where an occupancy/room that contains high value items, irretrievable data, artefacts collection, records, un-interruptable operation and etc. • Most advisable for CLASS C “Electrical Fire” that would make normal water sprinkler risky to install. Also applicable for Class  A and B. Main Applications: 1. Server/Data Rooms 2. Municipal Records Room 3. Art Gallery/Museums

4. Electrical Rooms 5. Hospital 6. Etc.

Type of Gases / Clean Agents Inert Gas •IG-55 – contains 50% Ar  and 50% N2 •IG-541 – contains 40% Ar , 52% N2 and 8% CO2 FM-200 – HFC227ea known as Heptaflouropropane CF3CHFCF3 CO2 – Carbon Dioxide Others – Halon, Inergen, Argonite & Novec Envir onm ental and Toxici ty Factor

Halon 1301

FM200

Inert

CO2

Ozone Depletion Potential, CFC 11 = 1

10-17

0

0

0

Global Warming Potential, CO2 kg – 100

6900

3300

0

1

65

33

NOEL

5%

9%

43%

LOEL

7%

10.5%

52%

 Atmospheric Lifetime, years

Present in Air Lethal for Human

Modes of Operation  Automatic Actuation: + Zone 1

= Zone 2

Gas Discharge

(Pre-discharge time delay after Cross-zone prior to Gas Discharge)

Manual Actuation:

OR

Releasing Pull Station

=

Manual Pneumatic Lever

(No time delay – Instant release; Will over-ride Abort operation)

Gas Discharge

Objectives • Understanding FIRE Detection and Alarm • Understanding the principle of a Fire Alarm System • To know the basic components of a Fire Alarm System and its principle of operation • Understanding the principle of a Fire Suppression System & its Components • Understanding the importance of System Maintenance • How to perform good maintenance of your system

Why Maintenance is important • To ensure operational integrity, the system shall have an inspection, testing and maintenance program. (NFPA 72 14.2.1.1) • Life Safety is the most important aspect in a facility, being the central component of any fire protection installation, the fire alarm system deserves the highest level of care and maintenance achievable. • Ensures that your System/devices remains in good physical condition and that there are no physical changes that would affect detector performance such as building modifications, occupancy hazards and environmental factors. • A well maintained system is more reliable and efficient. • To prolong life span of your Fire Alarm and devices. • Fire Alarm System saves lives, your property and your business. Therefore it is a MUST!

News Related – NY Times

Why Maintenance is important Would you imagine people occupying your Hotel/Building and a Fire Happens…. With a Faulty System… Detector removed, Fire fighting Valves closed, Sounder circuit open… etc…

Your loved ones…

Your Business…

Your Investment…

Yes you provided Fire Alarm and Fire Fighting equipments in your Facility… but are you sure that it is working as it was before?

Will you take this RISK???? Do not take this risk – Be Responsible!

Objectives • Understanding FIRE Detection and Alarm • Understanding the principle of a Fire Alarm System • To know the basic components of a Fire Alarm System and its principle of operation • Understanding the principle of a Fire Suppression System & its Components • Understanding the importance of System Maintenance • How to perform good maintenance of your system

System Maintenance  Types

of Maintenance

Category

Planned Maintenance

Sub-Category

Descript ion

Time-based Maintenance (*)

Detects system deterioration and prevents failure by systematic inspection and monitoring undertaken at pre-determined time intervals.

Condition-based Maintenance

Corrective maintenance work performed, as a result of significant deterioration or failure, to restore the system to full functionality

Statutory Maintenance

 Actions performed to provide minimum level of maintenance to meet mandatory requirements (BS or NFPA). Often includes Time-based and Condition-based maintenance task.

Routine & Breakdown Maintenance

Unplanned and reactive maintenance actions performed to restore the system to full functionality, as a result of an unforeseen failure.

Incident Maintenance

Unplanned maintenance actions to restore the system to full functionality as a result of damage resulting from a vandalism, fire or other accidents.

Unplanned Maintenance

System Maintenance 

Time-based Maintenance Program (BS5839 part 1)

 A maintenance program that conducts Inspection, Testing and Maintenance on scheduled intervals not waiting for a failure to occur. Preventive rather than Corrective.  Inspection

This is to ensure that your devices are in good physical condition that there are no physical changes that would affect detector performance such as building modifications, occupancy hazards and environmental factors.  Testing

This is to ensure that proper operation of each and every device is met including cause and effect verification of the fire alarm system. Make sure that building administrator is notified prior to conducting any test. Always refer to manufacturer’s recommendation in testing field devices and panel.  Maintenance

This is to ensure that devices are within its listed operating parameters.

System Maintenance • Testing: BS5839 Each week a call point should be operated. It should be confirmed that the system operated correctly. NFPA72 Manual call point are to be tested ANNUALLY. • Inspections: BS5839 The time between inspections should be based on risk assessment but should not exceed six months. The time between inspections should be agreed between the parties. NFPA72 Minimum Inspection frequency should be in accordance to the code located in Chapter 14. A more frequent schedule can be carried out but not less than stated in Chapter 14.

System Maintenance  Inspection

Frequency

Fire Alarm & Detection

Monthl y

Quarterly

Semi Ann ual

 Ann ual

√

Control panels Batteries

√

Remote Annunciators

√

Initiating Devices  Air Sampling

√

Duct Detectors

√

Electromechanical Releasing Device

√

Suppression System switches

√

Manual Pull station

√

Heat Detectors

√

Radiant Energy Fire Detectors

√

Supervisory Signal Devices

√

Waterflow Devices

√

 Alarm Notification Appliances

√

Interface Equipment

√

Digital Alarm Comm. Equipment

√

(NFPA 72, 2010, Chapter 14)

Inspection shall be made to ensure that there are no changes that affect equipment performance.  To check for damage, obstruction or tampering.  To check if devices needs cleaning or maintenance. “ RECORD ALL INSPECTION ACTIVITIES”

√

Smoke Detectors

 Visual

System Maintenance  Testing

Frequency

Fire Alarm & Detection

Monthl y

Quarterly

Semi Ann ual

 Ann ual

√

Control panels

√

Batteries

√

Remote Annunciators Initiating Devices  Air Sampling

√

Duct Detectors

√

Electromechanical Releasing Device

√

Suppression System switches

√

Manual Pull station

√

Heat Detectors

√ √

Radiant Energy Fire Detectors

√

Smoke Detectors Supervisory Signal Devices

√

Waterflow Devices

√

 Alarm Notification Appliances

√

Interface Equipment

√

Digital Alarm Comm. Equipment

√

(NFPA 72, 2010, Chapter 14)

 Functional

testing shall be conducted as per Manufacturer’s recommendations, BS5839 or NFPA72 requirements.  This is to ensure that t he devices/panel are operating as expected.  This is to verify panels cause and effect operation.  To identify faulty or out of standard devices. “ RECORD ALL TESTING ACTIVITIES”

System Maintenance  Clean

Agent Maintenance

Clean Agent System

Quarterly

Semi  Ann ual

 Ann ual

System Inspection

√

System Test

√

Weigh/Check Cylinders

Oth er

Remar ks

Discharge test is not required

√

The agent quantity & pressure shall be checked

Container Test

√

Refer to Manufacturer

Hose/Pipe Test

√

Piping puff test to be done at least every 5 years

Room Integrity Test

√

Enclosure Leakage/Integrity Test by certified person.

Important Reminders: 1. Isolate the releasing circuit before conducting any maintenance/testing to avoid accidental discharge.

4. The room must be kept totally sealed and air-tight. Room integrity test shall be conducted annually especially when changes in the room occurred that could adversely affect agent leakage or change volume of hazard or both. 5. Room modifications/full partitions are not allowed in this system.

2. Notify building admin before conducting any maintenance/test. 3. Record all inspection/testing and maintenance.

Door Fan Room Integrity Test Kit

Testing Tools Functional Testing tools:

Use testing t ools listed for its purpose! Note:

Magnets are not considered as a way to functionally test a detector rather used for response test only. Smoke (Aerosol) & Heat Tester – by SOLO

Smoke Pellets

Smoke, CO, Heat Tester By Testifier

Calibrated Performance testing tools:

Gemini Smoke Detector Sensitivity Tester

Trutest Smoke Detector Sensitivity Tester

DB Sound level Meter

Good Practice  Keeping

the Records

• In every Testing, Inspection and Maintenance, a checklist should be filled and kept in record. • Log all new activity or event shown by the FACP in a log book recording the date and time, address , device location and description (BS 5839). • Keep all records in a secured cabinet or box. This will be for future reference on maintenance and troubleshooting. • Place record tagging in every device that has been tested/Inspected.

Good Practice  Responsible

Person

• The Responsible person for the premises is to ensure that a weekly test of the building’s Fire Alarm System is carried out as per regulatory standards. (BS 5839 part 1) • Supervises routine maintenance undertaken by a professional fire alarm engineering company. • Assign/nominate a person to supervise the Fire Alarm System. The nominated person should have sufficient authority to authorize any necessary work to the fire alarm system immediately to ensure it is kept operational at all times. • It is vital that all actions are recoded accurately in the logbook and made available to any authorized person (e.g. Fire Brigade).