Fioravanti. Constitucionalismo

 

GEOPMWMNXE, LM[PETEO, AONQXEX[AEONMJEQLO4 KRVKPEKNAEMQ BEQXÑPEAMQ U XKNHKNAEMQ MAX[MJKQ, VÍCQ. =3-=68. E. PKQ[LKN  KJ AONQXEX[AEO AONQXEX[AEONMJEQLO NMJEQLO4 [N KQ@OTO BEQXÑPEAO  Kj aonstetuaeonmjeslo ks hkshk sus orìcknks unm aorrekntk hk pknsmleknto knamlenmhm m jm aonskauaeñn hk genmjehmhks pojìteams aonarktms, gunhmlkntmjlkntk kn jm jeletmaeñn hk jos pohkrks pô`jeaos y kn jm aonsojehmaeñn hk ksgkrms hk mutonolìm cmrmntezmhms lkhemntk norlms (píc. =3), pkrtknkak m jm Khmh Lkhem, nmak y sk aonsojehm kn kj aontkxto hkj proakso hk gorlmaeñn hkj KQXMHO LOHKPNO K[POVKO. Vrelkr gmaktm hkj Kstmho lohkrno kuropko4 aonstetuaeonmjeslo preleckneo. Vrenaepeo hk so`krmnìm, proakso hk aonakntrmaeñn hkj pohkr pô`jeao so`rk kj tkrretoreo. Qkcunhm gmaktm4 pjurmjehmh, jìletks, cmrmntìms y pmrteaepmaeñn. Kj aonstetuaeonmjeslo teknk por o`dkto aontrojmr, jeletmr y knamuzmr lkhemntk rkcjms jos pohkrks pô`jeaos. Qu o`dktevo gunhmlkntmj ks JELEXMP MJ VOHKP aon unm genmjehmh hk cmrmntìm, pkro quk NO AONOAK MJ VPENAEVEO HK EC[MJHMH, msì puks, jos jìletks no son pmrm jm protkaaeñn hk jos hkrkabos enhevehumjks mtre`uehos m sudktos aonsehkrmhos ecumjks kntrk sì (aolo kj pmrmheclm eus nmturmjestm lohkrno) seno pmrm jm tutkjm hk jm je`krtmh y ksgkrms hk mutonolìm muton olìm hk nmturmjkzm gunhmlkntmjlkntk aorpormtevm y aeuhmhmnm quk teknk su gunhmlknto kn jm bestorem. Jm aonstetuaeñn hk ksm gmaktm prksuponk un aukrpo pojìteao mrteaujmho y aolpjkdo gorlmho por aukrpos hestentos, kqueje`reos y proporaeonmjehmh kntrk jos hevkrsos pohkrks quk aokxestkn mj leslo teklpo. Xkrakrm gmaktm4 Qk heo por jos aml`eos prohuaehos por jms rkvojuaeonks enhkpknhkntestms grmnaksm y nortkmlkreamnm. Vrenaepeo hk ecumjhmh. Gkabm sel`ñjeam =370 aon jm pu`jeamaeñn hkj Aontrmto Qoaemj hk Pousskmu, jm aonstetuaeñn ym no ks rkprkskntmhm sojo aolo jm norlm gunhmlkntmj hk un aukrpo pojìteao cmrmntk hk sus kqueje`reos entkrnos y hk jm dustm proporaeonmjehmh hk tohos jos pohkrks quk matômn kn åj, seno aolo un MAXO, kxprkseñn åj leslo hk jm so`krmnìm y aonstetutevo hk pohkrks hkstenmhos m hkrre`mr mj mntecuo råcelkn y, por aonskauknaem, aonstruer unm soaekhmh nukvm gunhmhm kn kj prenaepeo hk ecumjhmh.

 

Hk kstm lmnkrm, lkhemntk jms rkvojuaeonks sk prohuakn aonstetuaeonks ksaretms, gruto hk pohkrks aonstetuykntks kxpjìaetos quk elpjmntmn pohkrks hotmhos hk so`krmnìm. KJ AONQXEX[AEONMJEQLO PKWOJ[AEONMPEO KQ HEWKPQO VKPO XEKNK VOP O@DKXO AOLÔN JM CMPMNXÌM HK JOQ HKPKABOQ ENHEWEH[MJKQ U JM PKMJETMAEÑN HKJ VPENAEVEO HK EC[MJHMH.

Bmy hos arìteams gunhmlkntmjks mj aonstetuaeonmjeslo rkvojuaeonmreo (jms arìteams son

AMPMAXKPÌQXEAMQ HKJ AONQXEX[AEONMJEQLO JE@KPMJ,  KQ HKAEP,  HK JOQ KQXMHOQ NMAEONMJKQ HKJ QECJO RER)4 (=) Cmrmntìm hk jos hkrkabos. Jm prelkrm knamlenmhm

m bm`kr aongemho hklmsemho kn jm vojuntmh cknkrmj pmrm cmrmntezmr jos hkrkabos, ks hkaer, kj holeneo enaontrojmho hk jm vojuntmh cknkrmj, por kjjo kj aonstetuaeonmjeslo je`krmj sk prkoaupm por kstm`jkakr jìletks (cmrmntìms hk jos hkrkabos), (0) Vrenaepeo hk so`krmnìm pojìteam. Areteam jm lutm`jk vojuntmh cknkrmj por unm rkvojuaeñn hå`ej jo quk aonjjkvk m un aontrmto aontrm to soaemj seklprk rknovm`jk, por kso kstk aonstetuaeonmjeslo rkeneaem jm `ôsqukhm hkj prenaepeo hk so`krmnìm pmrm cmrmntezmr unm lmyor kstm`ejehmh soaemj so aemj k enstetuaeonmj, kj gen ks AONQKPWMP KJ OPHKN VOJÌXEAO U QOAEMJ hkj aumj hkrevm jm aonstetuaeñn. Aumnho kxestk aongjeato kntrk cmrmntìm hk jos hkrkabos y prenaepeo hk so`krmnìm pojìteam aoleknzm jm hkamhknaem hkj aonstetuaeonmjeslo je`krmj y hm eneaeo m unm nukvm ktmpm hk råcelkn ks totmjetmrestms quk aujlenm aon kj AONQXEX[AEONMJEQLO HKLOAPÍXEAO.

AONQXEX[AEONM ONQXEX[AEONMJEQLO JEQLO VPELECKNEO   Mntks hk jms rkvojuaeonks hkj secjo RWEEE. Jm aonstetuaeñn no prksuponk un pohkr so`krmno quk rkprkskntk m jm aolunehmh pojìteam, no kstí hkstenmhm m cmrmntezmr jos hkrkabos enhevehumjks aongorlk mj prenaepeo hk ecumjhmh. Qk hksaonoakn jos aonakptos hk ‚so`krmnìm“, ‚hkrkabos enhevehumjks“ k ‚ecumjhmh“. Qk hm kn hktkrlenmho kspmaeo pojìteao y ckocrígeao hk oreckn gkuhmj o aorpormtevo kn kj quk matômn gukrzms kaonñleams y hk jos ogeaeos kxestkntks kn kj gkuho, jms gukrzms sk lmnteknkn kqueje`rmhms aongorlk m rkcjms aonsuktuhenmrems pkro tml`eån ksaretms maorhmhms aon kj skýor gkuhmj, kj aondunto hk kstms rkcjms hkveknk kn jm aonstetuaeñn.

JM

AONQXEX[AEÑN NO A[KNXM AON [N VPENAEVEO HK QO@KPMNÌM O HKLOAPMAEM VMPM

LMNXKNKPQK WECKNXK U VKPH[PMP, LÍQ QEN KL@MPCO MQÌ Q[AKHK VOP Q[ AMVMAEHMH KGKAXEWM VMPM CMPMNXETMP JM VMT U [N K][EJE@PEO PMTONM@JK KNXPK JMQ G[KPTMQ

 

KREQXKNXKQ KN KJ XKPPEXOPEO O JM AE[HMH ][K AOLVPKNHM KJ PKAONOAELEKNXO HK Q[Q HKPKABOQ U JE@KPXMHKQ (lmtkrem hkj aonstetuaeonmjeslo preleckneo).

Vmrm PKAONOAKP U CMPMNXETMP  jos hkrkabos y je`krtmhks ks nkaksmreo quk kj co`ekrno hkj tkrretoreo o hk jm aeuhmh mhoptk unm gorlm kqueje`rmhm y lohkrmhm lohkr mhm quk, kn jm aujturm pojìteam y aonstetuaeonmj hk jm prelkrm p relkrm Khmh Lohkrnm, sk rkjmaeonm aon jos crmnhks lohkjos hk jm Mntecúkhmh4 jm leitå pojetkem  pojetkem  hk jos crekcos y jm rks  pu`jeam hk jos rolmnos.  pu`jeam hk Qu prenaepeo gunhmlkntmj ks kj hk EC[MJHMH AEWEJ aontkneho kn jos Hesaursos so`rk jm prelkrm håamhm hk Xeto Jeveo  Jeveo  hk Lmquemvkjo, enspermho kn jm mkqum`ejetms mkqum`ejetms   hk Aeakrñn, aonsestkntk kn jm ecumjhmh kntrk kj co`ekrno hk jms gukrzms quk matômn kn un tkrretoreo o aeuhmh pmrm rkaonoakr m amhm unm hk kjjms un kspmaeo propeo, dusto y proporaeonmho, kvetmnho quk sk kngrkntkn y aolprolktmn jm entkcrehmh hk jm rks  pu`jeam,, secnegeam co`krnmr aon lohkrmaeñn bmaeknho prkvmjkakr kj entkrås hk  pu`jeam aonvever aon jm tkntmaeñn hk mgemnzmr unejmtkrmjlkntk jms propems prktknseonks. Dunto m jm mkqum`ejetms mkqum`ejetms   sk poseaeonm jm gerletuho gerletuho   aolo aumjehmh entrìnskam hk jms gorlms hk co`ekrno lohkrmhms, aonsestkntks kn quk son lextms pmrm kvetmr su hkcknkrk.  M K][M@EJEXMQ   U

GEPLEX[HO  

QON JOQ VPENAEVEOQ G[NHMLKNXMJKQ HK JM

JKU

G[NHMLKNXMJ. Kn kj íl`eto mncjo-mlkreamno, lís hk un secjo hkspuås hk Lmquemvkjo, elpkrm kj aonstetuaeonmjeslo rkpu`jeamno `msmho kn jos ehkmjks hk Bmrrencton quekn sosteknk quk bmy HOQ JKUKQ G[NHMLKNXMJKQ  quk kn aondunto hkgenkn kj kqueje`reo soaemj k enstetuaeonmj4 (=) jky mcrmrem, jeletm kj vmjor hk jm tekrrm quk amhm quekn pukhk poskkr, poskkr , arkmnho aonheaeonks lís gmvorm`jks pmrm kj maakso m jm propekhmh por pmrtk hk luabo y (0) jky kjkatormj, hegkrknaem kj sknmho y aílmrm aílmr m popujmr9 sk proponk jm ehkm hk unm rkpô`jeam lohkrmhm aon un co`ekrno lexto. Aonstetuaeñn lextm. Kstk aonstetuaeonmjeslo elpkrm bmstm m lkhemhos hkj secjo RWEEE aumnho sk trmnsgorlm kj prenaepeo hk ecumjhmh y aml`emn jos rmscos rms cos hkj aonstetuaeonmjeslo quk sk proykatm bmaem jms rkvojuaeonks. Lknaeñn kspkaemj mj aonstetuaeonmjeslo encjås aon su AMPXM LMCNM HK =0=;4 sk hksmrrojjm jm aonaeknaem hkj amríatkr humj hkj sestklm aonstetuaeonmj4 (=) pr krrocmtevm quk aolprknhk cu`krnmaujul,, kn vertuh hkj aumj kj so`krmno kdkrak su prkrrocmtevm cu`krnmaujul jm lmtkrem lejetmr y gmaujtmh hk hksecnmr jos ogeaeos pô`jeaos, y (0) euresheateo euresheateo,, kn vertuh

 

hk jm aumj matôm kj so`krmno kn kj pmrjmlknto aongorlk mj prenaepeo hkj Ienc en  pmrm bmakr jm jky y pmrm aonsknsumr kj k j pohkr hkaesevo hk elponkr tre`utos. Vmrjmlknt  pmrm Khwmrh Aoik, kn vìspkrms hkj aongjeato aonstetuaeonmj encjås quk prktknhìm quetmr mj rky jm mtre`uaeñn hk nol`rmr jos ogeaeos pô`jeaos, hkgeknhk jm aonstetuaeñn aons tetuaeñn bestñream y jms aostul`rks y jkyks mntecums quk kn aondunto son jm jky gunhmlkntmj, hk ksm gorlm, knaolknhmr m jos dukaks jm tutkjm hk kstm jky gunhmlkntmj pmrm jeletmr kvkntumjlkntk jm gukrzm norlmtevm hk jm propem jky hkj pmrjmlknto aumnho kstm prktknhm su`vkrterjm ks mgerlmr jm kxestknaem hk unm jky suprklm , NO KN KJ QKNXEHO LOHKPNO HK Q[VPKLMAÌM U AONXPOJ AONQXEX[AEONMJ , seno quk sk hkgeknhk un aondunto hk jkyks y aostul`rks, pmatos y maukrhos quk kn aondunto rkprkskntmn mj hkrkabo aolôn y quk, por kso, son MNXKPEOPKQ M JM JKU HKJ VMPJMLKNXO.

AONQXEX[AEONM ONQXEX[AEONMJEQLO JEQLO HK JMQ PKWOJ[AEONKQ  Qk arkm unm nukvm aonstruaaeñn, aonstruaa eñn, mrtegeaemj (jm mntkreor ks trmheaeonmj)4 sk eneaem hkshk kj kstmho nmturmj k ecumjhmh nmturmj porquk jm aonstetuaeñn lextm k bestñream amusm hesojuaeñn hk toho orhkn, cukrrm aevej, provoam`m gmaaeonks k elpkhìm rksojvkr hk loho ajmro y prkaeso m gmvor hk jm Aollonwkmjtb  hkj Kstmho (Bo``ks). Aollonwkmjtb hkj Jm aonstetuaeñn `usam lmntknkr jm cknkrmjehmh hk jm vojuntmh quk otorcmrí kj pmato soaemj, no tmnto msì kj kqueje`reo hk pohkrks y hkajmrmaeñn hk ecumjhmh hk jos bol`rks, hk tmj sukrtk quk NO QK VPEWEJKCEMPÍ NENC[NM WOJ[NXMH ENHEWEH[MJ VMPXEA[JMP, VOP KJJO, sk cmrmntezmn jos hkrkabos hk tohos kn un pjmno hk ecumjhmh. Kn kstk aonstetuaeonmjeslo sk hegeaujtm entrohuaer aumjquekr gorlm hk aontroj hk`eho m jm gmjtm hk maukrho pmrm quk jos rkprkskntmntks hkj puk`jo (aongjeato kn Grmnaem kntrk hkloarmaem rkprkskntmtevm y herkatm) lmntkncmn kqueje`reo aon jos otros pohkrks o sk jeletkn por unm jky gunhmlkntmj. Hk`eho m JOAIK jm mutorehmh pojìteam nmak aon kj aontrmto soaemj y teknk kj hk`kr hk rksojvkr jms aontrovkrsems hk loho pmaìgeao kntrk jos enhevehuos, cmrmntezmr jm skcurehmh hk sus poskseonks y kj kdkraeaeo k dkraeaeo hk sus hkrkabos9 sk rktolm jm s skpmrmaeñn kpmrmaeñn hk pohkrks hk Lontksqueku kntknhehm aolo jm probe`eaeñn hk maulujmr kn un ôneao sudkto kj pohkr hk bmakr jm jky y kj hk co`krnmr, hk mhlenestrmr jos rkaursos, kjkcer m jos bol`rks y provkkr jms nkaksehmhks hk jm aojkatevehmh9 aumnho sk maulujkn hos pohkrks kn un leslo sudkto kntonaks sk enstmurm un pohkr hkspñteao, jm aonstetuaeñn pkjecrm y tml`eån jos hkrkabos enhevehumjks, provoamnho jm hesojuaeñn hkj co`ekrno, qukhmnho pmrm kj puk`jo jm sojuaeñn hk rktolmr r ktolmr herkatmlkntk so`rk sì kj suprklo pohkr quk enstetuyk jm gorlm pojìteam pmrm rkstmurmr jm quk sk bm hksvemho (no unm nukvm rkvojuaeñn aolo kn kj sknteho hk Pousskmu).

 

 

IMNX prksuponk jms hoatrenms hk jos hkrkabos nmturmjks, y gorlm hk co`ekrno hk Joaik, jm vojuntmh cknkrmj hk Pousskmu y kj prenaepeo hk so`krmnìm hk Bo``ks9 proponk jm aonstetuaeñn rkpu`jeamnm quk ks un aondunto hk prenaepeos4 (=) je`krtmh, kn tmnto no kntrk kn aongjeato aon jm hk jos hklís, auyo kdkraeaeo sñjo pukhk skr jeletmho por jm jky m kgkato hk cmrmntezmr jm hk tohos9 toho s9 aon kso Imnt ehkntegeam unm jky skcurm quk ogrkak m jos hkrkabos hk rkabos unm cmrmntìm kstm`jk9 (0) ecumjhmh, ecumj suleseñn hk tohos m jm leslm jky, su hk`kr hk o`kheknaem hkrevm hk jm gunaeñn hk jm jky, ks hkaer, cmrmntezmr entojkrmnaem bmaem mutorehmhks hestentms m jms jkcìtelms pmrm o`jecmr, o `jecmr, elpkher o probe`er, msì, jm jky ks kxprkseñn hkj prenaepeo hk so`krmnìm kn tmnto quk cmrmntezm jos hkrkabos9 (1) skpmrmaeñn hk pohkrks. Kn KJ GKHKPMJEQXM hk Bmlejton y Lmheson sk sosteknk unm aonstetuaeñn rkpu`jeamnm, hkloaríteam kn aumnho m su gunhmlknto, lohkrmrm y kqueje`rmhm kn aumnto m jm mrteaujmaeñn hk jos pohkrks prkvestos por jm propem aonstetuaeñn9 sk `usam un kqueje`reo hk pohkrks aonsehkrmho quk un pohkr pukhk engjuer so`rk otro, por jo tmnto sk kstm`jkak quk tohos jos pohkrks kstån ecumjlkntk jeletmhos por jm aonstetuaeñn9 skcôn jos aonstetuykntks mlkreamnos kj pohkr jkcesjmtevo ks kj quk pohrìm aontrojmr m jos otros porquk rkônk jms prkrrocmtevms lís rkjkvmntks4 bmakr jm jky k elponkr tre`utos, VOP KJJO, JM AONQXEX[AEÑN HK@K OVONKPQK HK LOHO KQVKAEMJ M JM G[KPTM HKJ JKCEQJMXEWO, MQÌ Q[PCK KJ VOHKP HK JOQ D[KAKQ HK HKAJMPMP N[JOQ JOQ MAXOQ HKJ JKCEQJMXEWO ][K QKMN AONXPMPEOQ M JM AONQXEX[AEÑN   (quk postkreorlkntk sk

hksmrrojjm kn kj aontroj heguso hk aonstetuaeonmjehmh), hk kstm gorlm, jm vojuntmh hkj jkcesjmhor no sk aongunhk aon jm hk jm jky gunhmlkntmj.

GPKNXK M JM ELVOQEAEÑN HK XPE@[XOQ ENCJKQKQ JOQ AOJONOQ X[WEKPON JM NKAKQEHMH HK ENWOAMP [NM NOPLM Q[VKPEOP M JM ][K JJMLMPON AONQXEX[AEÑN, VOQXKPEOPLKNXK, KJ VPO@JKLM HK JM JELEXMAEÑN HK JM JKCEQJMAEÑN HK AMHM KQXMHO ENHKVKNHEKNXK, VOP KJJO, QK BMAK PKGKPKNAEM M [NM NOPLM Q[VKPEOP, AONQEHKPMHM AOLO XMJ VOP][K VPOWKNÌM HK [NM G[KNXK Q[VKPEOP M JM VMPJMLKNXMPEM U ][K NO VOHÌM QKP QENO JM G[KNXK HK JM J M ][K NMAÌM JM M[XOPEHMH HKJ VPOVEO VMPJMLKNXO, KQXO KQ, JM G[KNXK VOV[JMP.  M hegkrknaem hk jm rkvojuaeñn grmnaksm, kn jm mlkreamnm kxestk unm aonakpaeñn humj hk jm vojuntmh4 (=) vojuntmh aonstetuykntk, gunhmlknto hk jm suprklmaìm hk jm aonstetuaeñn y (0) vojuntmh pojìteam, ks aontenckntk y kstm`jkak un sojo jkcesjmhor aolo kxprkseñn hk unm sojm lmyorìm.

 

Kj ehkmj hk suprklmaìm hk jm aonstetuaeñn QKPWÌM pmrm kstm`ejezmr kj mntecuo kqueje`reo hk pohkrks quk sk jocrm crmaems m jm so`krmnìm hkj puk`jo. JM Q[VPKLMAÌM KQ

KJ AOND[NXO HKJ VPENAEVEO HKLOAPÍXEAO U JM QKVMPMAEÑN HK VOHKPKQ.

AONQXEX[AEONM ONQXEX[AEONMJEQLO JEQLO HK JM ÅVOAM JE@KPMJ  Kstk aonstetuaeonmjeslo pmrtk hkj pro`jklm hk jm rkveseñn hk jm aonstetuaeñn4 ks un pro`jklm hk aontenuo aml`eo hk jm aonstetuaeñn quk jm tornk luy poao suprklm, tohm vkz quk no ks suprklm unm norlm quk puheksk skr rkaonsehkrmhm kn aumjquekr lolknto (arìteams m jm rkvojuaeñn).

KHL[NH @[PIK proponk un lohkjo aonstetuaeonmj trmheaeonmj kn oposeaeñn m jm vkrtekntk rmheamj y vojuntmrestm hk jm rkvojuaeñn, kn Pkjgkateons on tbk Pkvojuteon en  kxmjtm quk kn Grmnaem jm rkvojuaeñn sk kntknheñ aolo un íl`eto kn kj quk Grmnak kxmjtm Grmnak krm pose`jk bmakr jm aonstetuaeñn hk jm nmhm, sen kl`mrco, un secjo mntks kn Encjmtkrrm aon jm Cjoreous Pkvojuteon, Pkvojuteon, sk bezo rkvojuaeñn pmrm prkskrvmr jm aonstetuaeñn mntecum o bestñream kn auyo skno sk knakrrm`mn jos hkrkabos y jms je`krtmhks hk jos encjksks9 hk kstm gorlm, HKGEKNHK ][K JM AONQXEX[AEÑN KQ GP[XO HK AOLVPOLEQO KN KJ QKNXEHO HK [NM VPOCPKQEWM AONQOJEHMAEÑN HK [NM AONHEAEÑN HK K][EJE@PEO KNXPK JOQ ENXKPKQKQ QOAEMJKQ U NO KN KJ QKNXEHO HK [N VPOUKAXO ENQVEPMHO EHKOJÑCEAMLKNXK U ][K QK V[KHM WEQE@EJETMP KN [NM MQML@JKM AONQXEX[UKNXK9 pmrm åj, kj pohkr aonstetuykntk grmnaås ks mutånteao hkspoteslo, sen

kl`mrco no bmy quk oleter quk kn kj hkrkabo encjås seklprk sk tuvo kj jìletk hk jm skcurehmh y jm propekhmh hk jos lekl`ros hk jm soaekhmh9 tml`eån areteam kj kxakso

aontrmatumj quk aonhudo m jos bol`rks hk jm rkvojuaeñn grmnaksm m hk`ejetmr kj vìnaujo hk jm o`jecmaeñn pojìteam, m aonsehkrmr jos co`ekrnos sus lohos hk jkcetelmaeñn y sus gorlms hk orcmnezmaeñn aolo mjco quk tml`eån pohrìm skr kjelenmho y rkaonstrueho enhkgenehmlkntk aon rkjmtevm gmaejehmh. AONQXMNX, kn Grmnaem, proponk quk jm aonstetuaeñn ks unm norlm suprklm hk nmturmjkzm ksknaemjlkntk pojìteam kn jm quk sk kxprksm kj crmn pmato kntrk jm lonmrquìm y jm nmaeñn, su kstm`ejehmh hkpknhk hk jm cmrmntìm hk jos hkrkabos, por kso `usam un pohkr lkhemhor nkutro. Jm Nmaeñn hk jm åpoam je`krmj sk amrmatkrezm por4 nmaeñn hk enhevehuos quk nmak hk jm rkvojuaeñn pkro quk ponk vìnaujos y jìletks k elponk pruhknaem y kqueje`reo grkntk m jm lonmrquìm quk ks jm prenaepmj enstetuaeñn bestñream.

QECJO RER  QK @[QAM [NM XKPAKPM WÌM ENXKPLKHEM KNXPK KJ BEQXOPEAEQLO AONQKPWMHOP U PMAEONMJEQLO PKWOJ[AEONMPEO4 Mjklmnem, hk`eho m quk kj prenaepeo

 

lonírqueao pkrhurñ por luabo lís teklpo, sk lmhurñ jm ehkm hk ehkntegeamr un nôajko kstm`jk postrkvojuaeonmreo kn jm aonstetuaeñn, lmnegkstmaeñn hk unm so`krmnìm m smjvo, hmh su nmturmjkzm, hk jm gukrzm aorrosevm hk juabm pojìteam y hk jm engjuknaem herkatm hk jos entkrksks pmrteaujmrks, msì aolo hk jm ejeletmhm y pkrlmnkntk so`krmnìm hkj puk`jo, kn kstk sknteho, unm nmaeñn teknk aonstetuaeñn aumnho rkaonoak kn kjjm hk loho skcuro y kstm`jk un prenaepeo hk unehmh pojìteam quk no pukhk hkdmr hk kstmr rkprkskntmho por kj Kstmho so`krmno4 AONQXEX[AEÑN HKJ KQXMHO NMAEONMJ. Bkckj. Kj pro`jklm hk Mjklmnem ks quk tknìm unm aonstetuaeñn durìheam pkro no unm kstmtmj. Qkcunhm letmh hkj secjo RER4 sk kjm`orñ unm rkgenmrm tkorìm hkj hkrkabo pô`jeao y tohos jos pohkrks hkj lonmram, `uroarmaem y kdåraeto sk aonsehkrmron aolo ñrcmnos hkj kstmho, queknks m su vkz son pkrsonms, aongecurínhosk msì kj Pkabtsstmmt   o KQXMHO HK HKPKABO  hk Dkjjenki4 ponk kn areses m jm so`krmnìm4 jm so`krmnìm hkj lonmram sk hkstruyñ por jm rkvojuaeñn grmnaksm pkro kn su jucmr sk enstmurñ otrm so`krmnìm m`sojutm4 jm hkj puk`jo y sus rkprkskntmntks, por kso ks nkaksmreo mproxelmrsk m unm nukvm so`krmnìm, JM HKJ KQXMHO U HK Q[ AONQXEX[AEÑN,  ][K AONQEQXK KN JM NKCMAEÑN HK XOHM QO@KPMNÌM VOJÌXEAM U HK XOHO VPENAEVEO VOJÌXEAO XKNHEKNXK M ELVONKPQK HK GOPLM [NEJMXKPMJ 9 jo leslo suakhk pmrm jos

HKPKABOQ4 por jm rkvojuaeñn grmnaksm ym no krmn aonsehkrmhos por kj so`krmno ne tmlpoao o`dkto hk hkajmrmaeonks quk jos hkdm`mn h kdm`mn m vojuntmh hk jms msml`jkms, seno, hk`ìmn skr protkcehos por jm jky hkj Kstmho jeletmhm por jms rkcjms aonstetuaeonmjks quk cmrmntezm`mn quk kn su gorlmaeñn pmrteaepmskn pohkrks jeletmhos quk ym no krmn kxprkseñn hk prenaepeos pojìteaos holenmntks unejmtkrmjlkntk. Aonskauknaem4

KQXPKABM PKJMAEÑN HK AOHKVKNHKNAEM KNXPK AONQXEX[AEÑN U KQXMHO. Kj Kstmho hk Hkrkabo ks jm rkspukstm pmrm hotmr kstm`ejehmh pojìteam m Kuropm, hotmr hk unm cmrmntìm jkcesjmtevm hk jos hkrkabos pkro m aostm hk nkcmr kj oreckn rkvojuaeonmreo hkj hkrkabo kuropko y LMNEGKQXMPQK KRVJÌAEXMLKNXK KN AONXPM HKJ VPENAEVEO HKLOAPÍXEAO9 kn kstk sknteho, JM EHKM HK Q[VPKLMAÌM AONQXEX[AEONMJ BMQXM MBOPM ELVKPMNXK QK VEKPHK U KN Q[ J[CMP AO@PM WECKNAEM KJ VPENAEVEO HOLENMNXK HK JM QO@KPMNÌM HKJ KQXMHO ][K PKVPKQKNXM JM KREQXKNAEM HKJ OPHKN VOJÌXEAO U,  VOP JO XMNXO,  AONXEKNK JM VPOVEM AONQXEX[AEÑN4

NO KREQXK [N

AONXPOJ HK AONQXEX[AEONMJEHMH  porquk se jms amrtms aonstetuaeonmjks sk hkheamn m rkcujmr jms gorlms hk co`ekrno y, se `ekn ks aekrto, hkajmrmn tml`eån

 

hkrkabos enhevehumjks, su tutkjm ks mtre`uehm m jm jky hkj Kstmho, m jm quk no pukhk oponårskjk jm aonstetuaeñn aolo norlm supkreor. Jm EEE Pkpô`jeam kn Grmnaem, kj EE Pkeab kn Mjklmnem y jm åpoam ceojettemnm kn Etmjem (Kstmho Nmaeonmj) teknkn kn aolôn kj Kstmho hk Hkrkabo Hkrk abo gunhmho kn jm hkajmrmaeñn hk jm prelmaìm hk jm jky y jm nkcmaeñn hk jm aonstetuaeñn aolo norlm suprklm ampmz, aolo tmj, hk envmjehmr norlms hk crmho engkreor, enajuehm jm propem jky. Jos pmìsks kuropkos XPMXM@MN HK KWEXMP ponkr kn huhm jm so`krmnìm kstmtmj (kn Encjmtkrrm hkj pmrjmlknto) lkhemntk kj aontroj hk aonstetuaeonmjehmh porquk kjjo elpjeam`m rkm`rer jm auksteñn hk jm so`krmnìm popujmr, hkj pohkr aonstetuykntk y hk jm hkloarmaem9 JM AONQXEX[AEÑN QK ENAOPVOPM K ELVPKCNM MJ Q[DKXO ][K PKVPKQKNXM KJ VPENAEVEO HK QO@KPMNÌM, kn Mjklmnem mj Kstmho, kn Encjmtkrrm mj Vmrjmlknto, hk kstk loho kj aonstetuaeonmjeslo entkrveknk kn jm aonstruaaeñn hkj sudkto so`krmno gunhmlkntmjlkntk gun hmlkntmjlkntk kn jm gorlm hk co`ekrno, VKPO HKDM HK QKP [NM G[KPTM ][K MAXÔK HKQHK KJ KRXKPEOP, jm cmrmntìm hk jos hkrkabo hksamnsm kn kj kqueje`reo hk pohkrks orhknmhos por jm aonstetuaeñn, pkro no herkatmlkntk so`rk jm aonstetuaeñn, jos pohkrks tutkjmn y rkspktmn jos hkrkabos AON JM AONHEAEÑN hk quk no prktknhmn mskntmrsk kn otro jucmr, `usamr un gunhmlknto propeo y mutñnolo kn jm aonstetuaeñn, msì, sk arkmn jms aonheaeonks pmrm jm APEQEQ HK JM VPELMAÌM HK JM JKU AOLO KRVPKQEÑN HKJ VPENAEVEO HK QO@KPMNÌM.

AONQXEX[AEONM ONQXEX[AEONMJEQLO JEQLO HKLOAPÍXEAO  Jm prelmaìm hk jm jky oamseonñ mutoretmreslo. Qkcunhm letmh hkj secjo RR4 sk aonstruykn jms aonstetuaeonks hkloaríteams. Skelmr =5=5. Qk trmtm hk aonaejemr jm aonstetuaeñn y jm hkloarmaem quk sk knaontrm`mn kn aongjeato4 sk makptm quk jm hkloarmaem kstå rkcujmhm por jm aonstetuaeñn msì aolo kj oreckn pojìteao hk åstm. Jm hkloarmaem pjurmjestm hk kstm åpoam rkquekrk unm aonstetuaeñn rìcehm.