Financial Analysis On SBI - Ok

 

_GQGM_AB V_KJGAX _GVK_X KD

„ICDMDACMN MDMNSQCQ KI QOC OMD@ “  OMXAB : (?6=3-?=) Quolcttgh cd pmrtcmn iunicnnlgdt ki tbg hgergg ki  LMQXG_ KI OWQCDGQQ MHLCDCQX_MXCK MHLCDCQX_MXCKD D

Hr M.V.J. MOHWN @MNML @MNML WDCYG_QCXS, NWA@DKU WDHG_ XBG EWCHMDAG: L_. L_MEGDH_M QCDEB

QWOLCXXGH OS: QBC@BM_ VMXBM@ LOM: CY QGL

  

_KNN DK=3696865666 DK=36968656668= 8=

@ALX-? V_GL V_M@MQB EWVXM CDQXCXWXG KI LMDMEGLGDX & XGABDKNKES, OM_GCNNS

6

 

MA@DKUNGHGLGDXQ

Xbg prkjgat wkr` cs pursugh ms m pmrt ki LOM aurrcaunul mt M@XW. C wkunh ergmtny rgjkcag tk gxprgss glpbmtcamnny wctb prkikudh sgdsg ki  ermtctuhg mdh bcebgst vgdgrmtckd, ly scdagrg tbmd`s tk ly euchg ikr  ecvcde lg euchmdag ikr tbcs Vrkjgat. C ml sbkrt ki wkrhs tk gxprgss ly rgspgat & bkdkr tk ly pmrgdts mdh imlcny iml cny lgl lglogr ogrss & ircgdh ircgdh wb wbk k sbkwg sbkwgrgh rgh tbgcr tbgcr ongss ongsscd cdes es,, miigat miigatckd ckd,, gdakurmeglgdt, & cdspcrmtckd, wctbkut wbcab tbcs rgpkrt wkunh dkt bmvg  oggd icdmnczg. C mnsk gxprgss ly scdagrg tbmd`s tk ly ircgdhs wbk bgnpgh lg hciigrgdtny cd tbg aklpngtckd ki ly wkr`. Nmst out dkt ngmst, C mnsk tbmd` mnn tbksg pgkpng wbk bgnps lg tk aklpngtg rgsgmrab rgpkrt mdh bgnpgh lg tk maaklpncsb ly msscedlgdts cd tbg lkst giicacgdt mdh giigatcvg lmddgr. QBC@BM_ VMXBM@ LOM CY QGL _KNN DK-=36968656668=

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HGANM_MXCKD C, QBC@BM_ VMXBM@,  bgrgoy hganmrg tbmt tbg prkjgat rgpkrt kd „ICDMDACMN „ICDM DACMN MDMN MDMNSQCQ SQCQ KI QOC OMD@“ cs m rgsunt ki ly kwd

wkr` mdh ly cdhgotghdgss tk ktbgr wkr` puoncamtckds, ci mdy, bmvg  oggd huny ma`dkwnghegh ma`dkwnghegh..

QBC@BM_ VMXBM@ LOM CY QGL _KNN DK-=36968656668=

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CDHGR Abmptgr d dk k.

VM_XCAWNM_Q

=.

Cdtrkhuatckd Ki Omd`cde

?.

Aklpmdy–s Vrkicng

1.

_gsgmrab Lgtbkhknkey

8.

Icdmdacmn Mdmnyscs

7.

Icdhcdes ,Queegstckds Mdh

Vmeg dk.

Akdanusckd……………………….

9.

Oconckermpby…………………………………………

1

 

8

 

Hgicdctckd Ki Omd`:

Omd`cde Lgmds "Maagptcde Hgpkscts ikr tbg purpksg ki ngdhcde kr Cdvgstlgdt ki  hgpkscts ki lkdgy irkl tbg puonca, rgpmymong kd hglmdh kr ktbgrwcsg mdh wctbhrmw  oy abgqug, hrmit kr ktbgrwcsg." k tbgrwcsg."

 

-Omd`cde Aklpmdcgs (_geunmtckd)

Mat,=383

 K_CECD KI XBG UK_H „ OMD@“   OMD@“   :- 

Xbg krcecd ki tbg wkrh omd` cs sbrkuhgh cd lystgry. lystgry. Maakrhcde tk kdg vcgw pkcdt tbg Ctmnc Ctm ncmd md ouscd ouscdgss gss bkusg bkusg amrryc amrrycde de kd aruhg aruhg irkl irkl ki omd`c omd`cde de wgrg wgrg amnng amnngh h omdabc omdabc  omdabgrc" Maakrhcde tk mdktbgr vcgwpkcdt omd`cde cs hgrcvgh irkl Egrlmd wkrh "Ormda`" wbcab lgmd bgmp kr lkudh. Cd Gdenmdh, tbg cssug ki pmpgr lkdgy oy tbg ekvgrdlgdt wms rgigrrgh tk ms m rmcscde m omd`.

 K_CECD KI OMD@CDE : Cts krcecd cd tbg sclpngst ikrl amd og trmagh tk tbg krcecd ki mutbgdtca bcstkry. Mitgr  rgaked rga kedczc czcde de tb tbgg ogdgi ogdgict ct ki lkdgy lkdgy ms m lghcu lghcul l ki gxabm gxabmdeg deg,, tbg tbg clpkr clpkrtm tmdag dag ki   omd`cde wms hgvgnkpgh ms ct prkvchgs tbg smigr pnmag tk stkrg tbg lkdgy. Xbcs smig  pnmag untclmtgny gvknvgh cd tk icdmdacmn cdstctutckds tbmt maagpts hgpkscts mdh lm`g nkmds c.g., lkhgrd akllgracmn omd`s.

Omd`cde systgl cd Cdhcm Uctbkut m skudh mdh giigatcvg omd`cde systgl cd Cdhcm ct amddkt bmvg m bgmntby gakdkly.Xbg gakdkly. Xbg omd`cde systgl ki Cdhcm sbkunh dkt kdny og bmssng irgg out ct sbkunh og mong tk lggt dgw abmnngdegs pksgh oy tbg tgabdknkey mdh mdy ktbgr gxtgrdmn mdh cdtgrdmn imatkrs. Ikrr tbg Ik tbg pm pmst st tb tbrg rggg hg hgam amhg hgss Cd Cdhc hcm' m'ss om omd` d`cd cde e sy syst stgl gl bm bmss sgvg sgvgrm rmnn ku kuts tstm tmdh dhcd cde e mabcgvglgdts tk cts arghct. Xbg lkst strc`cde cs cts gxtgdscvg rgmab. Ct cs dk nkdegr  akdicdgh tk kdny lgtrkpknctmds kr akslkpknctmds cd Cdhcm. Cd imat, Cdhcmd omd`cde systgl bms rgmabgh gvgd tk tbg rglktg akrdgrs ki tbg akudtry. Xbcs cs kdg ki tbg lmcd rgmskds ki Cdhcm's erkwtb prkagss.

7

 

 

BCQXK_S KI OMD@C OMD@CDE DE CD CDHCM

Omd`cde cd Cdhcm bms cts krcecd ms gmrny kr Yghca pgrckh. Ct cs ogncgvgh tbmt tbg trmdsctckds irkl lmdy ngdhcde tk omd`cde lust bmvg kaaurrgh gvgd ogikrg Lmdu, tbg ergmt Bcdhu iurrcgst, wbk bms hgvktgh m sgatckd ki bcs wkr` tk hgpksct mdh mhvmdags mdh nmch hkwd rungspnmygh rgnmtcde tk tbgclpkrtmdt rmtg ki cdtgrgst. lkeun tbg cdhcegdkus omd`gr m vgry rkng cd Hurcde ngdhcde tbg lkdgy mdhpgrckh, icdmdacde ikrgced trmhg mdh akllgrag. Hurcde tbg hmys ki tbg Gmst Cdhcm Aklpmdy ct wms tbg turd ki megday bkusg tk amrry kd tbg omd`cde ouscdgss. Xbg Egdgrmn Omd` ki Cdhcm wms tbg icrst jkcdt stka` omd` tk  og gstmoncsbgh cd tbg ygmr y gmr =529. Xbg ktbgr wbcab iknnkwgh wms tbg tb g Omd` ki Bcdhustmd mdh Ogdemn Omd`. Xbg Omd` ki Bcdhustmd cs rgpkrtgh tk bmvg akdtcdugh tcnn =369. Ubcng ktbgr twk imcngh cd tbg lgmdtclg. Cd tbg icrst bmni ki tbg =3tb agdtury tbg Gmst Cdhcm Aklpmdy gstmoncsbgh tbgrg omd`s, Xbg omd` ki Ogdemn cd =263, tbg Omd` ki  Oklomy cd =286 mdh tbg Omd` ki Oklomy cd=281. Xbgsg tbrgg omd`s mnsk `dkwd ms tbg Vrgschgday omd`s wgrg tbg cdhgpgdhgdt udcts mdh iudatckdgh wgnn. Xbgsg tbrgg  omd`s wgrg mlmnemlmtgh cd =3?6 mdh dgw omd`, tbg Clpgrcmn Omd` ki Cdhcm wms gstmoncsbgh kd ?5tb Jmdumry, =3?=. Uctb tbg pmsscde ki tbg Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm Mat cd =377 tbg udhgrtm`cde ki tbg Clpgrcmn Omd` ki Cdhcm wms tm`gd kvgr oy tbg dgwny akdstctutgh QOC. Xbg _gsgrvg Omd` ki Cdhcm (_OC) wbcab cs tbg Agdtrmn omd` wms gstmoncsbgh cd Mprcn, =317 oy  pmsscde _gsgrvg omd` ki Cdhcm Cd hcm mat =317. Xbg Agdtrmn Agdtrm n kiicag kiica g ki _OC cs cd Lulomc mdh ct akdtrkns mnn tbg ktbgr omd`s cd tbg akudtry.  Cd tbg wm`g ki Qwmhgsbc Lkvglgdt, dulogr ki omd`s wctb tbg Cdhcmd lmdmeglgdt wgrg gstmoncsbgh cd tbg akudtry dmlgny, Vudjmo Dmtckdmn Omd` Nth., Omd` ki Cdhcm Nth., Omd` ki Omrkhm Nth., Amdmrm Omd`. Nth. kd =3 tb Juny =393, =8 lmjkr omd`s ki tbg akudtry wgrg dmtckdmnczgh mdh kd =7 tb Mprcn =326, 9 lkrg akllgracmn prcvmtg sgatkr   omd`s wgrg tm`gd kvgr oy o y tbg ekvgrdlgdt. Xbg icrst omd` cd Cdhcm, tbkueb akdsgrvmtcvg, wms gstmoncsbgh cd =529. Irkl =529 tcnn tkhmy,tbg jkurdgy ki Cdhcmd Omd`cde Qystgl amd og sgergemtgh cdtk tbrgg hcstcdat  pbmsgs. Xbgy mrgms lgdtckdgh ognkw:  

Gmrny pbmsg irkl =529 tk =393 ki Cdhcmd Omd`s  Dmtckdmnczmtckd ki Cdh Cdhcmd cmd Omd`s mdh up tk =33= prckr tk Cdhcmd omd`cde o md`cde sgatkr  s gatkr  _gikrls.

9

 



 Dgw pbmsg ki Cdhcmd Omd`cde Qystgl wctb tbg mhvgdt ki Cdhcmd Icdmdacmn & Omd`cde Qgatkr _gikrls mitgr =33=.

Xk lm`g tbcs wrctg-up lkrg gxpnmdmtkry, C prgicx tbg sagdmrck ms Vbmsg C, Vbmsg CC mdh Vbmsg CCC.

Vbmsg C Xbg Egdgrmn Omd` ki Cdhcm wms sgt up cd tbg ygmr =529. Dgxt amlg Omd` ki Bcdhustmd mdh Ogdemn Omd`. Xbg Gmst Cdhcm Aklpmdy gstmoncsbgh gstmoncsbgh Omd` ki Ogdemn (=263), Omd`  ki Oklomy (=286) mdh Omd` ki Lmhrms (=281) ms cdhgpgdhgdt udcts mdh amnngh ct Vrgschgday Omd`s. Xbgsg tbrgg Xbgsg tbrgg omd`s omd`s wgrg wgrg ml mlmn mnem emlmt lmtgh gh cd =3?6 =3?6 mdh Clpgr Clpgrcm cmnn Omd` Omd` ki Cd Cdhcm hcm wms wms gs gstm tmon oncs csbg bgh h wbca wbcab b stmr stmrtg tgh h ms pr prcv cvmt mtgg sb sbmr mrgb gbkn knhg hgrs rs om omd` d`s, s, lkst lkstny ny Gurk Gurkpg pgmd mdss sbmrgbknhgrs.

Cd =297 Mnnmbmomh Omd` wms gstmoncsbgh mdh icrst tclg gxanuscvgny oy Cdhcmds, Vudjmo  Dmtckdmn Omd` Nth. wms sgt up cd =238 wctb bgmhqumrtgrs mt Nmbkrg. Ogtwggd =369 mdh =3=1, Omd` ki Cdhcm, Agdtrmn Omd` ki Cdhcm, Omd` ki Omrkhm, Amdmrm Omd`, Cdhcmd Omd`, mdh Omd` ki Lyskrg wgrg sgt up. _gsgrvg Omd` ki Cdhcm amlg cd =317. Hurcde tbg icrst pbmsg tbg erkwtb wms vgry snkw mdh omd`s mnsk gxpgrcgdagh pgrckhca pgrckhca imcnurgs ogtwggd =3=1 mdh =382. Xbgrg wgrg mpprkxclmtgny ==66 omd`s, lkstny slmnn. Xk strgmlncdg tbg iudatckdcde mdh matcvctcgs ki akllgracmn akllgracmn omd`s, tbg Ekvgrdlgdt ki  Cdhcm amlg up wctb Xbg Omd`cde Aklpmdcgs Mat, =383 wbcab wms nmtgr abmdegh tk Omd`cde _geunmtckd Mat =383 ms pgr mlgdhcde Mat ki =397 (Mat Dk. ?1 ki =397). _gsgrvg Omd` ki Cdhcm wms vgstgh wctb gxtgdscvg pkwgrs ikr tbg supgrvcsckd ki   omd`cde cd Cdhcm ms tbg Agdtrmn Omd`cde Mutbkrcty. Hurcde tbksg hmy–s puonca bms ngssgr akdichgdag cd tbg omd`s. Ms md mitgrlmtb hgpksct lkocnczmtckd wms snkw. Morgmst ki ct tbg smvcdes omd` imacncty prkvchgh oy tbg Vkstmn hgpmrtlgdt wms aklpmrmtcvgny smigr. Lkrgkvgr, iudhs wgrg nmregny ecvgd tk trmhgrs.

Vbmsg CC Ekvgrd Ekvg rdlg lgdt dt tk tkk` k` lmjk lmjkrr stgp stgpss cd tb tbcs cs Cd Cdhc hcmd md Omd` Omd`cd cde e Qgat Qgatkr kr _gik _gikrl rl mi mitg tgr  r  cdhgpgdhgdag. cdhgpgdhg dag. Cd=377, ct dmtckdmnczgh dmtckdmnczgh Clpgrcmn Omd` ki Cdhcm wctb gxtgdscvg omd`cde imacnctcgs kd m nmreg samng gspgacmnny cd rurmn mdh sglc-uromd mrgms. Ct ikrlgh Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm tk mat ms tbg prcdacpmn megdt ki _OC mdh tk bmdhng omd`cde trmdsmatckds ki tbg Wdckd mdh Qtmtg Ekvgrdlgdts mnn kvgr tbg akudtry. 5

 

Qgvgd omd`s ikrlcde suoschcmry ki Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm wms dmtckdmnczgh cd =396 kd =3tb Juny,=393, lmjkr prkagss ki dmtckdmnczmtckd wms amrrcgh kut. Ct wms tbg giikrt ki  tbg tbgd Vrclg Lcdcstgr ki Cdhcm, Lrs. Cdhcrm Emdhbc. =8 lmjkr akllgracmn omd`s cd tbg akudtry wms dmtckdmnczgh. Qgakdh pbmsg ki dmtckdmnczmtckd Cdhcmd Omd`cde Qgatkr _gikrl wms amrrcgh kut cd =326 wctb sgvgd lkrg omd`s. Xbcs stgp orkuebt 26% ki tbg omd`cde sgelgdt cd Cdhcm udhgr Ekvgrdlgdt kwdgrsbcp. Xbg iknn Xbg iknnkw kwcd cde e mrg mrg tb tbgg stgp stgpss tm`g tm`gd d oy tb tbgg Ekvg Ekvgrd rdlg lgdt dt ki Cd Cdhc hcmm tk _geu _geunm nmtg tg Omd`cdeCdstctutckds cd tbg Akudtry: 

=383: Gdmatlgdt ki Omd`cde _geunmtckd Mat.   =377: Dmtckdmnczmt Dmtckdmnczmtckd ckd ki Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm.   =373: Dmtckdmnczmt Dmtckdmnczmtckd ckd ki QOC suoschcmrcgs.  =39=: Cdsurmdag akvgr gxtgdhgh tk hgpkscts.  =393: Dmtckdmnczmtckd ki =8 lmjkr omd`s.  =35=: Argmtckd ki arghct eumrmdtgg akrpkrmtckd.  

=357: Argmtckd ki rgeckdmn rurmn omd`s. =326: Dmtckdmnczmtckd ki sgvgd omd`s wctb hgpkscts kvgr ?66 arkrg.

Mitgr tbg dmtckdmnczmtckd ki omd`s, tbg ormdabgs ki tbg puonca sgatkr omd` Cdhcm rksg tk mpprkxclmtgny 266% cd hgpkscts mdh mhvmdags tkk` m bueg julp oy ==,666%. Omd`cde cd tbg sudsbcdg ki Ekvgrdlgdt kwdgrsbcp kwdgrsbcp emvg tbg puonca clpncact imctb mdh cllgdsg akdichgdag mokut tbg sustmcdmocncty ki tbgsg cdstctutckds.

Vbmsg CCC

Xbcs pbmsg bms cdtrkhuagh cdtrkhuagh lmdy lkrg prkhuats mdh imacnctcgs imacnctcgs cd tbg omd`cde sgatkr cd cts rgikrls lgmsurg. Cd =33=, udhgr tbg abmcrlmdsbcp ki L Dmrmsclbml, m akllcttgg wms sgt up oy bcs dmlg wbcab wkr`gh ikr tbg ncogrmnczmtckd ki omd`cde prmatcags. Xbg akudtry cs inkkhgh wctb ikrgced omd`s mdh tbgcr MXL stmtckds. Giikrts mrg ogcde  put tk ecvg m smtcsimatkry sgrvcag tk austklgrs. Vbkdg omd`cde mdh dgt omd`cde cs cdtrkhuagh. Xbg gdtcrg systgl ogamlg lkrg akdvgdcgdt mdh swcit. Xclg cs ecvgd lkrg clpkrtmdag tbmd lkdgy. Xbg icdmdacmn systgl ki Cdhcm bms sbkwd m ergmt hgmn ki rgscncgdag. Ct cs sbgntgrgh irkl mdy arcscs arcscs trceegrg trceegrgh h oy mdy gxtgrdmn gxtgrdmn lmarkga lmarkgakdkl kdklcas cas sbka` sbka` ms ktbgr ktbgr Gmst Gmst Mscmd Mscmd Akudtrcgs suiigrgh. Xbcs cs mnn hug tk m ingxcong gxabmdeg rmtg rgeclg, tbg ikrgced rgsgrvgs mrg bceb, tbg ampctmn maakudt cs dkt ygt iunny akdvgrtcong, mdh omd`s mdh tbgcr  austklgrs bmvg nclctgh ikrgced gxabmdeg gxpksurg. 2

 

 

OMD@Q CD CDHCM

Cd Cdhcm tbg omd`s mrg ogcde sgergemtgh cd hciigrgdt erkups. Gmab erkup bms tbgcr kwd  ogdgicts mdh nclctmtckds cd kpgrmtcde cd Cdhcm. Gmab bms tbgcr kwd hghcamtgh tmregt lmr`gt. Igw ki tbgl kdny wkr` cd rurmn sgatkr wbcng ktbgrs cd oktb rurmn ms wgnn ms uromd. Lmdy gvgd mrg kdny amtgrcde cd actcgs. Qklg mrg ki Cdhcmd krcecd mdh sklg mrg ikrgced pnmygrs. Mnn tbgsg hgtmcns mdh lmdy lkrg cs hcsaussgh kvgr bgrg. Xbg omd`s mdh cts rgnmtckd wctb tbg austklgrs, tbgcr lkhg ki kpgrmtckd, tbg dmlgs ki omd`s udhgr hciigrgdt erkups mdh ktbgr suab usgiun cdikrlmtckd–s mrg tmn`gh mokut. Kdg lkrg sgatckd bms oggd tm`gd dktg ki cs tbg upaklcde ikrgced omd`s cd Cdhcm. Xbg _OC bms sbkwd agrtmcd cdtgrgst tk cdvknvg lkrg ki ikrgced omd`s tbmd tbg gxcstcde kdg rgagdtny. Xbcs stgp bms pmvgh m wmy ikr igw lkrg ikrgced omd`s tk stmrt ouscdgss cd Cdhcm.

3

 

 

OMD@CDE QX_WAXW_G CD CDHCM

 

QABGHWNGH OMD@Q CD CDHCM

(=) Qabgh Qabghungh ungh Akllgracmn Akllgracmn Omd`s Omd`s

  Vuonca Qgatkr Om Omd`s

 

(?9)

Vrcvmtg Qgatkr Omd`s

Ikrgced Omd`s Cd Cdhcm

(?7)

(?3)

  Dmtckdmnczgh

 Knh

Vrcvmtg

Omd`   Ktbgr Vuonca Qgatkr Omd`s (CHOC)  QOC Mdh Cts

Omd`s   Dgw Omd`s

Vrcvmtg

_geckdmn _urmn Omd`s (37)

Msskacmtgs

 

(?) Qabghungh Akkpgrmtcvg Omd`s

Qa Qabg bghu hung ngh h Wrom Wromd d Akkp Akkpgr grmt mtcv cvgg Omd` Omd`ss

Qa Qabg bghu hung ngh h Qtmt Qtmtgg Akkp Akkpgr grmt mtcv cvgg Omd` Omd`ss

Vuonca Qgatkr Omd`s Vuonca sgatkr omd`s mrg tbksg omd`s wbcab mrg kwdgh oy tbg Ekvgrdlgdt. Xbg Ekvt. ruds tbgsg Omd`s. Cd Cdhcm =8 omd`s wgrg dmtckdmnczgh cd =393 & cd =326 mdktbgr 9  omd`s wgrg mnsk mns k dmtckdmnczgh. dm tckdmnczgh. Xbgrgikrg cd =326 =32 6 tbg dulogr ki dmtckdmnczgh omd` ?6. Mt prgsgdt tbgrg mrg tktmn ?9 Vuonca Qgatkr Omd`s cd Cdhcm (Ms kd ?9-63-?663). Ki  tbgsg =3 mrg dmtckdmncsgh omd`s, 9(QXMXG OMD@ KI CDHK_G MNQK LG_EGH _GAGDXNS) ognkde tk QOC & msskacmtgs erkup mdh = omd` (CHOC Omd`) cs anmsscicgh ms ktbgr puonca sgatkr omd`. Ugnimrg cs tbgcr prclmry kojgatcvg .

=6

 

 Dmtckdmncsgh omd`s 

Mnnmbmomh Omd` 



Mdhbrm Omd` 



Omd` Ki Omrkhm



Omd` Ki Cdhcm

 

Omd` Ki Lmbmrmstrm Amdmrm Omd` 



Agdtrmn Omd` Ki Cdhcm



Akrpkrmtckd Omd` 



Hgdm Omd` 



Cdhcmd Omd` 



Cdhcmd Kvgrsgms Omd` 



Krcgdtmn Omd` Ki Akllgrag Vudjmo & Qcdh Omd` 



Vudjmo Dmtckdmn Omd` 



 

Qydhcamtg Omd`  WAK Omd` 



Wdckd Omd` Ki Cdhcm



 

Ktbgr  Vuonca  Qgatkr  Omd`s

 QOC & cts Msskacmtgs

CHOC (Cdhustrcmn Hgvgnkplgdt Omd` Ki Cdhcm)Nth.



Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm



Qtmtg Omd` ki Byhgrmomh



Qtmtg Omd` ki Lyskrg



Qtmtg Omd` ki Vmtcmnm



Qtmtg Omd` ki Xrmvmdakrg



Qtmtg Omd` ki Oc`mdgr Mdh Jmcpur 

(Qtmtg Omd` ki Qmurmstrm lgregh wctb QOC cd tbg ygmr ?662 mdh Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhkrg Cd ?6=6)

Wdctgh Omd` Ki Cdhcm Ycjmym Omd` 

==

 

Vrcvmtg Qgatkr Omd`s Xbgsg omd`s mrg kwdgh mdh rud oy tbg prcvmtg sgatkr. Ymrckus omd`s cd tbg akudtry suab ms QOC, BHIA Omd` gta. Md cdhcvchumn bms akdtrkn kvgr tbgrg omd`s cd prgpmrmtckd tk tbg sbmrg ki tbg omd`s bgnh oy bcl.

Vrcvmtg omd`cde cd Cdhcm wms prmatcagh scdag tbg ogecddcde ki omd`cde systgl cd Cdhcm. Xbg icrst prcvmtg omd` cd Cdhcm tk og sgt up cd Vrcvmtg Qgatkr Omd`s cd Cdhcm wms CdhusCdh Omd`. Ct cs kdg ki tbg imstgst erkwcde Omd` Vrcvmtg Qgatkr Omd`s cd Cdhcm. CHOC rmd`s tbg tgdtb nmregst hgvgnkplgdt omd` cd tbg wkrnh ms Vrcvmtg Omd`s cd Cdhcm mdh bms prklktgh wkrnh anmss cdstctutckds cd Cdhcm. Xbg icrst Vrcvmtg Omd` cd Cdhcm tk rgagcvg md cd prcdacpng mpprkvmn irkl tbg _gsgrvg Omd` ki Cdhcm wms Bkuscde Hgvgnkplgdt Icdmdag Akrpkrmtckd Nclctgh, tk sgt up m omd` cd tbg prcvmtg sgatkr omd`s cd Cdhcm ms pmrt ki tbg _OC's ncogrmnczmtckd ki tbg Cdhcmd Omd`cde Cdhustry. Ct wms cdakrpkrmtgh cd Mueust =338 ms BHIA Omd` Nclctgh wctb rgecstgrgh kiicag cd Lulomc mdh akllgdagh kpgrmtckds ms Qabghungh Akllgracmn Omd` cd Jmdumry =337. CDE Yysym, ygt mdktbgr Vrcvmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm wms cdakrpkrmtgh cd tbg ygmr =316 Vrcvmtg sgatkr omd`s bmvg oggd suohcvchgh cdtk iknnkwcde ? amtgekrcgs:-

  Dgw Vrcvmtg Qgatkr Omd`s

  Knh Vrcvmtg Qgatkr Omd`s 

Omd` ki _mjmstbmd Nth.

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Amtbknca Qyrcmd Omd` Nth.

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Acty Wdckd Omd` Nth.

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Hbmdmnm`sblc Omd` Nth.

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Ighgrmn Omd` Nth.

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CDE Yysym Omd` Nth.

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Omd` ki Vudjmo Nth. (scdag lgregh wctb Agdturcmd Omd`) Agdturcmd Omd` ki Vudjmo (scdag lgregh wctb BHIA Omd`) Hgvgnkplgdt Arghct Omd` Nth.

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Jmllu mdh @msblcr Omd` Nth.

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BHIA Omd` Nth.

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@mrdmtm`m Omd` Nth.

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CACAC Omd` Nth.

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@mrur Yysym Yysym Omd` Nth. Nm`sblc Ycnms Omd` Nth.  Dmcdctmn Omd` Nth. _mtdm`mr Omd` Nth.

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QOC Akllgracmn mdh Cdtgrdmtckdmn Omd` Nth. Qkutb Cdhcmd Omd` Nth.

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Xmlcndmh Lgramdtcng Omd` Nth.

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Wdctgh Ugstgrd Ugstgrd Omd` Nth.

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Ikrgced Omd`s Cd Cdhcm =?

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CdhusCdh Omd` Nth. @ktm` Lmbcdhrm Omd` Nth.

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Mxcs Omd` (gmrncgr WXC Omd`)

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Sgs Omd` Nth.

 

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MOD ML_K Omd` D.Y. Mou Hbmoc Akllgracmn Omd` Nth Mlgrcamd Gxprgss Omd`  Mdtwgrp Hcmlkdh Omd`  Mrmo Omdenmhgsb Omd`  Omd` Cdtgrdmtckdmn Cdhkdgscm Omd` ki Mlgrcam Omd` ki Ombrmcd & @uwmct Omd` ki Agynkd Omd` ki Dkvm Qaktcm Omd` ki Xk`yk Lctsuocsbc WIJ Omranmys Omd`  ODV Vmrcoms Amnykd Omd`  AbcdmXrust Akllgracmn Omd`  Actcomd`  HOQ Omd`  Hgutsabg Omd`  BQOA (Bkde`kde & Qbmdebmc Omd`cde Akrpkrmtckd) JVLkremd Abmsg Omd`  @rude Xbmc Omd`  Lmsbrgq Omd`  Lczubk Akrpkrmtg Omd`  Klmd Cdtgrdmtckdmn Omd`  Qbcdbmd Omd`  Qkacãtã Eãdãrmng Qkdmnc Omd`  Qtmdhmrh Abmrtgrgh Omd`  Qtmtg Omd` ki Lmurctcus

Akkpgrmtcvg omd`s cd Cdhcm Xbg Akkpgrmtcvg omd` cs md clpkrtmdt akdstctugdt ki tbg Cdhcmd Icdmdacmn Qystgl,  juhecde oy tbg rkng msscedgh m sscedgh tk ak kpgrmtcvg, tbg tb g gxpgatmtckds tbg ak kpgrmtcvg k pgrmtcvg cs suppksgh tk iunicn, tbgcr dulogr, mdh tbg dulogr ki kiicags tbg akkpgrmtcvg omd` kpgrmtg. Xbkueb tbg ak kpgrmtcvg lkvglgdt krcecdmtgh cd tbg Ugst, out tbg clpkrtmdag ki suab omd`s bmvg mssulgh cd Cdhcm cs rmrgny pmrmnngngh mdywbgrg gnsg cd =1

 

tbg wkrnh. Xbg akkpgrmtcvg omd`s cd Cdhcm pnmys md clpkrtmdt rkng gvgd tkhmy cd rurmn icdmdacde. Xbg ouscdgssgss ki akkpgrmtcvg omd` cd tbg uromd mrgms mnsk bms cdargmsgh  pbgdklgdmnny cd rgagdt rgagd t ygmrs hug tk tbg sbmrp cdargmsg cd tbg dulogr ki prclmry akkpgrmtcvg omd`s. Ak kpgrmtcvg Omd`s cd Cdhcm mrg rgecstgrgh udhgr tbg Ak-kpgrmtcvg Qkacgtcgs Mat. Xbg akkpgrmtcvg omd` cs mnsk rgeunmtgh oy tbg _OC. Xbgy mrg ekvgrdgh oy tbg Omd`cde _geunmtckds Mat =383 mdh Omd`cde Nmws (Ak-kpgrmtcvg Qkacgtcgs) Mat, =397.

_urmn omd`s cd Cdhcm  _urmn omd`cde cd Cdhcm Cdhcm stmrtgh scdag tbg gstmoncsblgdt ki omd`cde sgatkr cd Cdhcm. _urmn Omd`s cd tbksg hmys lmcdny ikaussgh upkd tbg merk sgatkr. _geckdmn rurmn omd`s cd Cdhcm pgdgtrmtgh gvgry akrdgr ki tbg akudtry mdh gxtgdhgh m bgnpcde bmdh cd tbg erkwtb prkagss ki tbg akudtry.

QOC bms 16 _geckdmn _urmn Omd`s cd Cdhcm `dkwd ms __Os. Xbg rurmn omd`s ki QOC cs sprgmh cd =1 stmtgs gxtgdhcde irkl @msblcr tk @mrdmtm`m mdh Bclmabmn Vrmhgsb tk  Dkrtb Gmst. Xbg tktmn dulogr ki QOCs _geckdmn _urmn Omd`s cd Cdhcm ormdabgs cs ?183 (=9%). Xcnn hmtg cd rurmn omd`cde cd Cdhcm, tbgrg mrg =8,857 rurmn omd`s cd tbg akudtry ki wbcab ?=?9 (3=%) mrg nkamtgh cd rglktg rurmn mrgms. Mpmrt irkl QOC, tbgrg mrg ktbgr igw omd`s wbcab iudatckds ikr tbg hgvgnkplgdt ki tbg rurmn mrgms cd Cdhcm. Igw ki tbgl mrg ms iknnkws.

Bmrymdm Qtmtg Akkpgrmtcvg Mpgx Omd` Nclctgh Xbg Bmrymdm Qtmtg Akkpgrmtcvg Mpgx Omd` Nth. akllkdny amnngh ms BM_AKOMD@  pnmys m vctmn rkng cd rurmn ru rmn omd`cde cd tbg gakdkly gakdk ly ki Bmrymdm Qtmtg mdh bms oggd  prkvchcde mchs mdh icdmdacde imrlgrs, rurmn mrtcsmds, m rtcsmds, mercaunturmn nmokurgrs, nmok urgrs, gdtrgprgdgurs, gta. cd tbg stmtg mdh ecvcde sgrvcag tk cts hgpksctkrs.

DMOM_H  Dmtckdmn Omd` ikr Mercaunturg mdh _urmn Hgvgnkplgdt (DMOM_H) cs m hgvgnkplgdt  omd` cd tbg sgatkr ki _geckdmn _ge ckdmn _urmn Omd`s cd Cdhcm. Ct prk prkvchgs vchgs mdh rgeunmtgs argh arghct ct mdh ecvgs sgrvcag ikr tbg prklktckd mdh hgvgnkplgdt ki rurmn sgatkrs lmcdny mercaunturg, slmnn samng cdhustrcgs, akttmeg mdh vcnnmeg cdhustrcgs, bmdhcarmits. Ct mnsk icdmdag rurmn armits mdh ktbgr mnncgh rurmn gakdklca matcvctcgs tk prklktg cdtgermtgh rurmn hgvgnkplgdt. Ct bgnps cd sgaurcde rurmn prkspgrcty mdh cts akddgatgh lmttgrs.

Qcdhbmdur Wromd Qkubmrhm Ak-kpgrmtcvg Omd`  =8

 

Qcdhbmdur Wromd Qkubmrhm Ak-kpgrmtcvg Omd`, pkpunmrny `dkwd ms QWAK OMD@ cs tbg icrst ki cts `cdh cd rurmn omd`s ki Cdhcm. Xbg clprgsscvg stkry ki cts cdagptckd cs cdtgrgstcde mdh cdspcrcde ikr mnn tbg ykutb ki tbcs akudtry .

Wdctgh Omd` ki Cdhcm Wdctgh Omd` ki Cdhcm (WOC) mnsk pnmys md clpkrtmdt rkng cd rgeckdmn rurmn omd`s. Ct bms gxpmdhgh cts ormdab dgtwkr` cd m oce wmy tk matcvgny pmrtcacpmtg cd tbg hgvgnkplgdtmn ki tbg rurmn mdh sglc-uromd mrgms cd akdikrlcty wctb tbg kojgatcvgs ki dmtckdmncsmtckd.

Qydhcamtg Omd`  Qydhcamtg Omd` wms icrlny rkktgh cd rurmn Cdhcm ms rurmn omd`cde mdh bmvg m angmr vcsckd ki iuturg Cdhcm oy udhgrstmdhcde tbg ermssrkkt rgmnctcgs. Cts prkergss bms oggd morgmst ki tbg pbmsg ki prkergsscvg omd`cde cd Cdhcm gspgacmnny cd rurmn omd`s.

 

Imat Icngs ki Omd`s cd Cdhcm

Xbg icrst Omd` cd Cdhcm tk og ecvgd md CQK agrtcicamtckd.

Amdmrm Omd` 

Xbg icrst Omd` cd Dkrtbgrd Cdhcm tk egt CQK 366? agrtcicamtckd  ikr tbgcr sgngatgh ormdabgs.

Vudjmo mdh Qcdh Omd` 

Xbg icrst Cdhcmd Omd` tk bmvg oggd stmrtgh skngny wctb Cdhcmd ampctmn.

Vudj udjmo Omd` 

Xbg icrst mlkde tbg Vrcvmtg Qgatkr Omd`s cd @grmnm tk ogaklg Qabghungh Omd` cd =389 udhgr tbg _OC mat.

Qkutb Cdhcmd Omd` 

Dmtckdmn dmn

Cdhcm–s knhgst,nmregst mdh tbg lkst suaagssiun akllgracmn omd`  Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm kiigrcde tbg wchgst pksscong rmde ki hklgstca,cdtgrdmtckdmn mdh  D_C prkhuats mdh sgrvcags,tbrkueb cts vmst dgtwkr` cd Cdhcm mdh kvgrsgms.

Cdhcm–s sgakdh nmregst Vrcvmtg Qgatkr Omd` mdh cs dkw tbg nmregst sabghungh akllgracmn omd` cd Cdhcm. =7

Xbg Ighgrmn Omd` Nclctgh

 

Omd` wbcab Omd` wbcab stmrt stmrtgh gh ms Vrcvm Vrcvmtg tg Qbmrg Qbmrgbkn bknhgr hgrss Omd`s Omd`s,l ,lkst kstny ny Cl Clpg pgrc rcmn mn Omd` Omd` ki  Gurkpgmd sbmrgbknhgrs. Cdhcm

Xbg icrst Cdhcmd Omd` tk kpgd m ormdab kutschg Cdhcm cd Nkdhkd cd =389 mdh tbg icrst tk kpgd m ormdab cd akdtcdgdtmn Gurkpg mt Vmrcs cd =358

Omd` ki Cdhcm, ikudhgh cd =369 cd Lulomc.

Xbg knhgst Vuonca Qgatkr Omd` cd Cdhcm bmvcde ormdabgs mnn kvgr  Mnnmbmomh Omd`  Cdhcm mdh sgrvcde tbg austklgrs ikr tbg nmst =1? ygmrs.

Xbg icrst Cdhcmd Akllgracmn Omd` wbcab wms wbknny kwdgh mdh lmdmegh oy Cdhcmds.

=9

Agdtrmn Cdhcm

Omd`

ki 

 

CDHCMD OMD@CDE CDHWQX_S Xbg Cdhcmd omd`cde lmr`gt cs erkwcde mt md mstkdcsbcde rmtg, wctb Mssgts gxpgatgh tk rgmab WQ$= trcnnckd oy ?6=1. Md gxpmdhcde gakdkly, lchhnganmss, mdh tgabdknkecamn cddkvmtckds mrg mnn akdtrcoutcde tk tbcs erkwtb. Xbg akudtry–s lchhng anmss maakudts ikr kvgr 1?6 lcnnckd Vgkpng. Cd akrrgnmtckd wctb tbg erkwtb ki tbg gakdkly, rcscde cdaklg ngvgns, cdargmsgh stmdhmrh ki ncvcde, mdh miikrhmocncty ki omd`cde prkhuats mrg prklcscde imatkrs ikr akdtcdugh gxpmdsckd. Xktmn hgpkscts mrg gstclmtgh tk erkw tk WQ$ =,87?.5 ocnnckd cd IS=8.

Cdhcmd Omd`cde Cdhustry Mdmnyscs Cdhcmd omd`s tktmn mssgt sczg cs rgakrhgh mt WQ$ =.7 trcnnckd cd IS?6 mdh cs gxpgatgh tk rgmab rgm ab WQ$ WQ$ ?2 ?2.7 .7 tr trcn cnnc nckd kd oy ?6?7. ?6?7. Cdargm Cdargmsg sg cd wkr`c wkr`cde de pkpun pkpunmt mtckd ckd mdh er erkw kwcd cde e hcspks hcs pksmon mongg cd cdakl aklgs gs wc wcnn nn cdarg cdargmsg msg tbg hglm hglmdh dh ikr omd`c omd`cde de mdh rg rgnmt nmtgh gh sgrvc sgrvcags ags.. Bkuscde mdh pgrskdmn icdmdag mrg gxpgatgh tk rglmcd `gy hglmdh hrcvgrs. Cdhcmd omd`s aurrgdtny hgvktg mrkudh =7 pgr agdt ki tktmn spgdhcde kd tgabdknkey. Vuonca sgatkr omd`s maakudt ikr kvgr 51 pgr agdt ki cdtgrgst cdaklg cd tbg sgatkr. Hgpkscts bmvg erkwd mt m aklpkudh mddumn erkwtb rmtg (AME_) ki ?=.? pgr agdt hurcde IS69-=10 cd IS?= tktmn hgpkscts stkkh mt WQ$ =,?58.1 ocnnckd. Lkocng, Cdtgrdgt omd`cde mdh gxtgdsckd ki imacnctcgs mt MXL stmtckds mrg gxpgatgh tk clprkvg kpgrmtckdmn giicacgday. Xktmn dulogr ki MXLs cd Cdhcm bmvg cdargmsgh tk =68,766 cd ?6=? mdh cs iurtbgr gxpgatgh tk hkuong kvgr tbg dgxt twk ygmrs, tbgrgoy tm`cde tbg dulogr ki MXLs pgr lcnnckd pkpunmtckd irkl 27, mt prgsgdt, tk mokut =56

Erkwtb Xktmn arghct kii-tm`g cs gstclmtgh tk erkw tk WQ$ =,=86 ocnnckd cd IS=8.

Mssgts Xktmn omd`cde sgatkr mssgts bmvg cdargmsgh mt m aklpkudh mddumn erkwtb rmtg (AME_) ki 2.? pgr agdt tk WQH=.7 trcnnckd hurcde IS= =5

 

Erkwtb Hgpkscts bmvg erkwd mt m AME_ ki ?=.? pgr agdt hurcde IS69‑  =1.

 

Xbg Cdhcmd omd`cde Cdhustry cs cd tbg lchhng ki md CX rgvknutckd, Ikauscde kd tbg gxpmdsckd ki rgtmcn mdh rurmn omd`cde. Vnmygrs mrg ogaklcde cdargmscdeny austklgr  -agdtrca cd tbgcr mpprkmab, wbcab bms rgsuntgh cd cddkvmtcvg lgtbkhs ki kiigrcde dgw  omd`cde prkhuats mdh sgrvcags. Omd`s mrg dkw rgmnczcde rgm nczcde tbg clpkrtmdag ki k i ogcde m oce  pnmygr mdh mrg ogecddcde tk ikaus tbgcr mttgdtckd kd lgregrs mdh maqucsctckds tk tm`g mhvmdtmeg ki gakdklcgs ki samng mdh/kr aklpny wctb Omsgn CC rgeunmtckd.„Cdhcmd  omd`cde cdhustry mssgts mrg gxpgatgh tk rgmab WQ$= trcnnckd oy ?6=1 mdh mrg pkcsgh tk _mjmd,, mdmnyst cd Agngdt's rgagcvg m ergmtgr cdiusckd ki ikrgced ampctmn,“ smys Vrmtbclm _mjmd  omd`cde erkup mdh mutbkr ki tbg rgpkrt. rgp krt. „Xbg omd`cde cdhustry cdhu stry sbkunh ikaus kd bmvcde m slmnn dulogr ki nmreg pnmygrs tbmt amd aklpgtg enkomnny rmtbgr tbmd bmvcde m nmreg dulogr ki irmelgdtgh pnmygrs.

=2

 

=3

 

Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm (QOC) cs m luntcdmtckdmn omd`cde mdh icdmdacmn sgrvcags aklpmdy  omsgh cd Cdhcm. Ct cs m ekvgrdlgdt-kwdgh ekv grdlgdt-kwdgh akrpkrmtckd akrpkrmtck d wctb cts bgmhqumrtgrs cd Lulomc, Lmbmrmsbtrm. Ms ki Hgaglogr ?6=1, ct bmh mssgts ki WQ$122 ocnnckd mdh =5,666 ormdabgs, cdanuhcde =36 ikrgced kiicags, lm`cde ct tbg nmregst omd`cde mdh icdmdacmn sgrvcags aklpmdy cd Cdhcm oy mssgts. Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm cs kdg ki tbg Oce Ikur omd`s ki Cdhcm, mnkde wctb CACAC Omd`, Vudjmo Dmtckdmn Omd` mdh Omd` ki Omrkhm. Xbg omd` trmags cts mdagstry tk Orctcsb Cdhcm, tbrkueb tbg Clpgrcmn Omd` ki Cdhcm, tk tbg ikudhcde cd =269 ki tbg Omd` ki Amnauttm, lm`cde ct tbg knhgst akllgracmn omd` cd tbg Cdhcmd Quoakdtcdgdt. Omd` ki Lmhrms lgregh cdtk tbg ktbgr twk prgschgday omd`s  ‘Omd` ki Amnauttm mdh Omd` ki Oklomy‘tk Oklomy ‘tk ikrl tbg Clpgrcmn Omd` ki Cdhcm, wbcab cd turd ogamlg tbg Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm. Ekvgrdlgdt ki Cdhcm kwdgh tbg Clpgrcmn Omd` ki Cdhcm cd =377, wctb _gsgrvg Omd` ki Cdhcm tm`cde m 96% stm`g, mdh rgdmlgh ct tbg Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm. Cd ?662, tbg ekvgrdlgdt tkk` kvgr tbg stm`g bgnh oy tbg _gsgrvg Omd` ki Cdhcm. QOC cs m rgeckdmn omd`cde ogbglktb mdh bms ?6% lmr`gt sbmrg cd hgpkscts mdh nkmds mlkde Cdhcmd akllgracmn omd`s.

GYKNWXCKD KI QOC Xbg krcecd ki tbg Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm ekgs oma` tk tbg icrst hgamhg ki tbg dcdgtggdtb agdtury wctb tbg gstmoncsblgdt ki tbg Omd` ki Amnauttm cd Amnauttm kd ? Judg =269. Xbrgg ygmrs nmtgr tbg omd` rgagcvgh cts abmrtgr mdh wms rg-hgscedgh ms tbg Omd` ki Ogdemn (? Jmdumry =263). M udcqug cdstctutckd, ct wms tbg icrst jkcdt-stka` omd` ki Orctcsb Cdhcm spkdskrgh oy tbg Ekvgrdlgdt ki Ogdemn. Xbg Omd` ki Oklomy (=7 Mprcn =286) mdh tbg Omd` ki Lmhrms (= Juny =281) iknnkwgh tbg Omd` ki Ogdemn. Xbgsg tbrgg omd`s rglmcdgh mt tbg mpgx ki lkhgrd omd`cde cd Cdhcm tcnn tbgcr mlmnemlmtckd ms tbg Clpgrcmn Omd` ki Cdhcm kd ?5 Jmdumry =3?=. Vrclmrcny Mdenk-Cdhcmd argmtckds, tbg tbrgg prgschgday omd`s amlg cdtk gxcstgdag gctbgr ms m rgsunt ki tbg aklpunsckds ki clpgrcmn icdmdag kr oy tbg ignt dgghs ki nkamn Gurkpgmd akllgrag mdh wgrg dkt clpksgh irkl kutschg cd md mroctrmry lmddgr tk lkhgrdcsg Cdhcm's gakdkly. Xbgcr gvknutckd wms, bkwgvgr, sbmpgh oy chgms aunngh irkl sclcnmr hgvgnkplgdts cd Gurkpg mdh Gdenmdh, mdh wms cdinugdagh oy abmdegs kaaurrcde cd tbg struaturg ki oktb tbg nkamn trmhcde gdvcrkdlgdt mdh tbksg cd tbg rgnmtckds ki tbg Cdhcmd gakdkly tk tbg gakdkly ki Gurkpg mdh tbg enkomn gakdklca irmlgwkr`.

?6

 

  Omd` ki Ogdemn B.K.

Gstmoncsblgdt Xbg gstmoncsblgdt ki tbg Omd` ki Ogdemn lmr`gh tbg mhvgdt ki nclctgh ncmocncty, jkcdtstka` omd`cde cd Cdhcm. Qk wms tbg msskacmtgh cddkvmtckd cd omd`cde, vcz. tbg hgacsckd tk mnnkw tbg Omd` ki Ogdemn tk cssug dktgs, wbcab wkunh og maagptgh ikr pmylgdt ki  puonca rgvgdugs wctbcd m rgstrcatgh egkermpbcamn egkermp bcamn mrgm. Xbcs rcebt ki dktg cs cssug sug wms vgry vmnumong dkt kdny ikr tbg Omd` ki Ogdemn out mnsk cts twk sconcdes, tbg Omd`s ki Oklomy mdh Lmhrms. Ct lgmdt md maargtckd tk tbg ampctmn ki tbg omd`s, m ampctmn kd wbcab tbg prkprcgtkrs hch dkt bmvg tk pmy mdy cdtgrgst. Xbg akdagpt ki hgpksct omd`cde wms mnsk md cddkvmtckd ogamusg tbg prmatcag ki maagptcde lkdgy ikr smig`ggpcde (mdh cd sklg amsgs, gvgd cdvgstlgdt kd ogbmni ki tbg ancgdts) oy tbg cdhcegdkus omd`grs bmh dkt sprgmh ms m egdgrmn bmoct cd lkst pmrts ki Cdhcm. Out, ikr m nkde tclg, mdh gspgacmnny uptk tbg tclg tbmt tbg tbrgg prgschgday omd`s bmh m rcebt ki dktg cssug, omd`  dktgs mdh ekvgrdlgdt omnmdags lmhg up tbg oun` ki tbg cdvgstcong rgskurags ki tbg  omd`s.

Xbg tbrgg omd`s wgrg ekvgrdgh oy rkymn abmrtgrs, wbcab wgrg rgvcsgh irkl tclg tk tclg. Gmab abmrtgr prkvchgh ikr m sbmrg ampctmn, ikur-icitb ki wbcab wgrg prcvmtgny suosarcogh mdh tbg rgst kwdgh oy tbg prkvcdacmn ekvgrdlgdt. Xbg lglogrs ki tbg  okmrh ki hcrgatkrs, wbcab lmdmegh tbg miimcrs ki gma gmab b omd`, wgrg lkstny prkprcgtmry hcrgatkrs rgprgsgdtcde tbg nmreg Gurkpgmd lmdmecde megday bkusgs cd Cdhcm. Xbg rgst wgrg ekvgrdlgdt dklcdggs, cdvmrcmony acvcn sgrvmdts, kdg ki wbkl wms gngatgh ms tbg  prgschgdt ki tbg okmrh. ok mrh.

?=

 

  Erkup Vbktkempb ki Agdtrmn Okmrh (=3?=)

Ouscdgss Xbg ouscdgss ki tbg omd`s wms cdctcmnny akdicdgh tk hcsakudtcde ki ocnns ki gxabmdeg kr  ktbgr dgektcmong prcvmtg sgaurctcgs, `ggpcde amsb maakudts mdh rgagcvcde hgpkscts mdh cssucde mdh acraunmtcde amsb dktgs. Nkmds wgrg rgstrcatgh tk _s.kdg nm`b mdh tbg pgrckh ki maakllkhmtckd akdicdgh tk tbrgg lkdtbs kdny. Xbg sgaurcty ikr suab nkmds wms  puonca sgaurctcgs, amnngh Aklpmdy's Vmpgr, ounnckd, trgmsurg, tr gmsurg, pnmtg,mjgwgns, kr ekkhs 'dkt ki makllkdny pgrcsbmong dmturg' mdh dk cdtgrgst akunh og abmregh ogykdh rmtg ki twgnvg pgr agdt. Nkmds memcdst ekkhs nc`g kpcul, cdhcek, smnt wkknngds, akttkd, akttkd  pcgag ekkhs, lung twcst mdh scn` ekkhs wgrg mnsk ermdtgh out suab icdmdag oy wmy ki amsb arghcts emcdgh lklgdtul kdny irkl tbg tbcrh hgamhg ki tbg dcdgtggdtb agdtury. Mnn akllkhctcgs, cdanuhcde tgm, suemr mdh jutg, wbcab ogemd tk og icdmdagh nmtgr, wgrg gctbgr pnghegh kr bypktbgamtgh tk tbg omd`. Hglmdh prklcsskry dktgs wgrg scedgh oy tbg okrrkwgr cd imvkur ki tbg eumrmdtkr, wbcab wms cd turd gdhkrsgh tk tbg omd`. Ngdhcde memcdst sbmrgs ki tbg omd`s kr kd tbg lkrtemeg ki bkusgs, nmdh kr ktbgr rgmn  prkpgrty wms, bkwgvgr, ikrochhgd. ikro chhgd. Cdhcmds wgrg tbg prcdacpmn okrrkwgrs memcdst hgpksct ki Aklpmdy's pmpgr, wbcng tbg  ouscdgss ki hcsakudts hcsaku dts kd prcvmtg ms wgnn ms smnmry smnmr y ocnns wms mnlkst tbg gxanuscvg lkdkpkny ki cdhcvchumns Gurkpgmds mdh tbgcr pmrtdgrsbcp icrls. Out tbg lmcd iudatckd ki tbg tbrgg omd`s, ms imr ms tbg ekvgrdlgdt wms akdagrdgh, wms tk bgnp tbg nmttgr rmcsg nkmds irkl tclg tk tclg mdh mnsk prkvchg m hgergg ki stmocncty tk tbg prcags ki ekvgrdlgdt sgaurctcgs.

  ??

 

Knh Omd` ki Ogdemn

Lmjkr abmdeg cd tbg akdhctckds M lmjkr abmdeg cd tbg akdhctckds ki kpgrmtckd ki tbg Omd`s ki Ogdemn, Oklomy mdh Lmhrms kaaurrgh mitgr =296. Uctb tbg pmsscde ki tbg Vmpgr Aurrgday Mat ki =29=, tbg rcebt ki dktg cssug ki tbg prgschgday omd`s wms mokncsbgh mdh tbg Ekvgrdlgdt ki Cdhcm mssulgh irkl = Lmrab =29? tbg skng pkwgr ki cssucde pmpgr aurrgday wctbcd Orctcsb Cdhcm. Xbg tms` ki lmdmeglgdt mdh acraunmtckd ki tbg dgw aurrgday dktgs wms akdigrrgh kd tbg prgschgday omd`s mdh tbg Ekvgrdlgdt udhgrtkk` tk trmdsigr tbg Xrgmsury omnmdags tk tbg omd`s mt pnmags wbgrg tbg omd`s wkunh kpgd ormdabgs. Dkdg ki tbg tbrgg omd`s bmh tcnn tbgd mdy ormdabgs (gxagpt tbg skng mttglpt mdh tbmt tkk m sbkrt-ncvgh kdg oy tbg Omd` ki Ogdemn mt Lcrzmpkrg cd =213) mntbkueb tbg abmrtgrs bmh ecvgd tbgl suab mutbkrcty. Out ms skkd ms tbg tbrgg prgschgday omdhs wgrg mssurgh ki tbg irgg usg ki ekvgrdlgdt Xrgmsury omnmdags mt pnmags wbgrg tbgy wkunh kpgd  ormdabgs, tbgy glomr`gh kd ormdab gxpmdsckd gxpmdsck d mt m rmpch pmag. Oy =259, tbg ormdabgs, orm dabgs, megdacgs mdh suo megdacgs ki tbg tbrgg prgschgday omd`s akvgrgh lkst ki tbg lmjkr  pmrts mdh lmdy ki tbg cdnmdh cdnm dh trmhg agdtrgs cd Cdhcm. Cdh cm. Ubcng tbg Omd` ki Ogdemn bmh gcebtggd ormdabgs cdanuhcde cts bgmh kiicag, sgmskdmn ormdabgs mdh suo megdacgs, tbg Omd`s ki Oklomy mdh Lmhrms bmh icitggd gmab.

 

Omd` ki Lmhrms Dktg Hmtgh =29= ikr _s.=6

Vrgschgday Omd`s Mat Xbg prgschgday Omd`s Mat, wbcab amlg cdtk kpgrmtckd kd = Lmy =259, orkuebt tbg tbrgg prgschgday omd`s udhgr m akllkd stmtutg wctb sclcnmr rgstrcatckds kd ouscdgss. Xbg prkprcgtmry akddgatckd ki tbg Ekvgrdlgdt wms, bkwgvgr, tgrlcdmtgh, tbkueb tbg  omd`s akdtcdugh tk bknh abmreg ki tbg puonca puo nca hgot kiicags cd tbg tbrgg prgschgday tkwds, mdh tbg austkhy ki m pmrt ki tbg ekvgrdlgdt omnmdags. Xbg Mat mnsk stcpunmtgh ?1

 

tbg argmtckd ki _gsgrvg Xrgmsurcgs mt Amnauttm, Oklomy mdh Lmhrms cdtk wbcab suls mokvg tbg spgacicgh lcdclul omnmdags prklcsgh tk tbg prgschgday omd`s mt kdny tbgcr bgmh kiicags wgrg tk og nkhegh. Xbg Ekvgrdlgdt akunh ngdh tk tbg prgschgday omd`s irkl suab _gsgrvg Xrgmsurcgs out tbg nmttgr akunh nkk` upkd tbgl lkrg ms m imvkur tbmd ms m rcebt.

  Omd` ki Lmhrms Xbg hgacsckd ki tbg Ekvgrdlgdt tk `ggp tbg surpnus omnmdags cd _gsgrvg Xrgmsurcgs kutschg tbg dkrlmn akdtrkn ki tbg prgschgday omd`s mdh tbg akddgatgh hgacsckd dkt tk eumrmdtgg lcdclul ekvgrdlgdt omnmdags mt dgw pnmags wbgrg ormdabgs wgrg tk og kpgdgh giigatcvgny abga`gh tbg erkwtb ki dgw ormdabgs mitgr =259. Xbg pmag ki gxpmdsckd wctdgssgh cd tbg prgvckus hgamhg ignn sbmrpny mntbkueb, cd tbg amsg ki tbg Omd` ki Lmhrms, ct akdtcdugh kd m lkhgst samng ms tbg prkicts ki tbmt omd` wgrg lmcdny hgrcvgh irkl trmhg hcspgrsgh mlkde m dulogr ki pkrt tkwds mdh cdnmdh agdtrgs ki tbg prgschgday. Cdhcm wctdgssgh rmpch akllgracmncsmtckd cd tbg nmst qumrtgr ki tbg dcdgtggdtb agdtury ms cts rmcnwmy dgtwkr` gxpmdhgh tk akvgr mnn tbg lmjkr rgeckds ki tbg akudtry. Dgw crrcemtckd dgtwkr`s cd Lmhrms, Vudjmo mdh Qcdh maagngrmtgh tbg prkagss ki akdvgrsckd ki suoscstgdag arkps cdtk amsb arkps, m pkrtckd ki wbcab ikudh cts wmy cdtk tbg ikrgced lmr`gts. Xgm mdh akiigg pnmdtmtckds trmdsikrlgh nmreg mrgms ki tbg gmstgrd Xgrmcs, tbg bcnns ki Mssml mdh tbg Dcnecrcs cdtk rgeckds ki gstmtg mercaunturg pmr gxagnngdag. Mnn tbgsg rgsuntgh cd tbg gxpmdsckd ki Cdhcm's cdtgrdmtckdmn trmhg lkrg tbmd scx-iknh. Xbg tbrgg prgschgday omd`s wgrg oktb ogdgicacmrcgs mdh prklktgrs ki tbcs akllgracmncsmtckd prkagss ms tbgy ogamlg cdvknvgh cd tbg icdmdacde ki prmatcamnny gvgry trmhcde, lmduimaturcde mdh lcdcde matcvcty cd tbg suo-akdtcdgdt. Ubcng tbg Omd`s ki Ogdemn mdh Oklomy wgrg gdemegh cd tbg icdmdacde ki nmreg lkhgrd lmduimaturcde cdhustrcgs, tbg Omd` ki Lmhrms wgdt cdtk tbg icdmdacde ki nmreg lkhgrd lmduimaturcde cdhustrcgs, tbg Omd` ki Lmhrms wgdt cdtk tbg icdmdacde ki slmnn-samng cdhustrcgs cd m wmy wbcab bmh dk pmrmnngn gnsgwbgrg. Out tbg tbrgg omd`s wgrg rcekrkusny gxanuhgh irkl mdy ouscdgss cdvknvcde ikrgced gxabmdeg. Dkt kdny wms suab ouscdgss akdschgrgh rcs`y ikr tbgsg omd`s, wbcab bgnh ekvgrdlgdt hgpkscts, ct wms mnsk igmrgh tbmt tbgsg omd`s gdjkycde ekvgrdlgdt pmtrkdmeg wkunh kiigr udimcr ?8

 

aklpgtctckd tk tbg gxabmdeg omd`s wbcab bmh oy tbgd mrrcvgh cd Cdhcm. Xbcs gxanusckd akdtcdugh tcnn tbg argmtckd ki tbg _gsgrvg Omd` ki Cdhcm cd =317.

  Omd` ki Oklomy

Vrgschgday Omd`s ki Ogdemn Xbg prgschgday Omd`s ki Ogdemn, Oklomy mdh Lmhrms wctb tbgcr 56 ormdabgs wgrg lgregh cd =3?= tk ikrl tbg Clpgrcmn Omd` ki Cdhcm. Xbg trcmh bmh oggd trmdsikrlgh cdtk m lkdknctb mdh m ecmdt mlkde Cdhcmd akllgracmn omd`s bmh glgregh. Xbg dgw  omd` tkk` kd tbg trcpng rkng ki m akllgracmn omd`, m omd omd`gr's `gr's omd` mdh m omd`gr omd` gr tk tbg ekvgrdlgdt. Out tbcs argmtckd wms prgaghgh oy ygmrs ki hgncogrmtckds kd tbg dggh ikr m 'Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm'. Ubmt gvgdtumnny glgregh wms m 'bmni-wmy bkusg' aklocdcde tbg iudatckds ki  m akllgracmn omd` mdh m qumsc-agdtrmn omd`. Xbg gstmoncsblgdt ki tbg _gsgrvg Omd` ki Cdhcm ms tbg agdtrmn omd` ki tbg akudtry cd =317 gdhgh tbg qumsc-agdtrmn omd`cde rkng ki tbg Clpgrcmn Omd`. Xbg nmttgr agmsgh tk  og omd`grs tk tbg Ekvgrdlgdt Ekvgrd lgdt ki Cdhcm mdh cdstgmh ogamlg megdt ki tbg _gsgrvg Omd` ikr tbg trmdsmatckd ki ekvgrdlgdt ouscdgss mt agdtrgs mt wbcab tbg agdtrmn omd` wms dkt gstmoncsbgh. Out ct akdtcdugh tk lmcdtmcd aurrgday abgsts mdh slmnn akcd hgpkts mdh kpgrmtg tbg rglcttmdag imacnctcgs sabglg ikr ktbgr omd`s mdh tbg puonca kd tgrls stcpunmtgh oy tbg _gsgrvg Omd`. Ct mnsk matgh ms m omd`grs' omd` oy bknhcde tbgcr surpnus amsb mdh ermdtcde tbgl mhvmdags memcdst mutbkrcsgh sgaurctcgs. Xbg lmdmeglgdt ki tbg omd` angmrcde bkusgs mnsk akdtcdugh wctb ct mt lmdy pnmags wbgrg tbg _gsgrvg Omd` hch dkt bmvg kiicags. Xbg omd` wms mnsk tbg oceegst tgdhgrgr mt tbg Xrgmsury ocnn muatckds akdhuatgh oy tbg _gsgrvg Omd` kd ogbmni ki tbg Ekvgrdlgdt. Xbg gstmoncsblgdt ki tbg _gsgrvg Omd` scluntmdgkusny smw clpkrtmdt mlgdhlgdts  ogcde lmhg tk tbg akdstctutckd akds tctutckd ki tbg Clpgrcmn Omd` ak akdvgrtcde dvgrtcde ct cdtk m purgny akllgracmn omd`. Xbg gmrncgr rgstrcatckds kd cts ouscdgss wgrg rglkvgh mdh tbg omd`

?7

 

wms pgrlcttgh tk udhgrtm`g ikrgced gxabmdeg ouscdgss mdh gxgautkr mdh trustgg  ouscdgss ikr tbg icrst icrs t tclg.

Clpgrcmn Omd`  Xbg Clpgrcmn Omd` hurcde tbg tbrgg mdh m bmni hgamhgs ki cts gxcstgdag rgakrhgh md clprgsscvg erkwtb cd tgrls ki kiicags, rgsgrvgs, hgpkscts, cdvgstlgdts mdh mhvmdags, tbg cdargmsgs cd sklg amsgs mlkudtcde tk lkrg tbmd scx-iknh. Xbg icdmdacmn stmtus mdh sgaurcty cdbgrctgh irkl cts ikrgruddgrs dk hkuot prkvchgh m icrl mdh hurmong pnmtikrl. Out tbg nkity trmhctckds ki omd`cde wbcab tbg Clpgrcmn Omd` akdscstgdtny lmcdtmcdgh mdh tbg bceb stmdhmrh ki cdtgercty ct kosgrvgh cd cts kpgrmtckds cdspcrgh akdichgdag cd cts hgpksctkrs tbmt dk ktbgr omd` cd Cdhcm akunh pgrbmps tbgd gqumn. Mnn tbgsg gdmongh tbg Clpgrcmn Omd` tk maqucrg m prg-glcdgdt pksctckd cd tbg Cdhcmd omd`cde cdhustry mdh mnsk sgaurg m vctmn pnmag cd tbg akudtry's gakdklca ncig.

  Qtmlp ki Clpgrcmn Omd` ki Cdhcm Ubgd Cdhcm mttmcdgh irgghkl, tbg Clpgrcmn Omd` bmh m ampctmn omsg (cdanuhcde rgsgrvgs) ki _s.==.27 arkrgs, hgpkscts mdh mhvmdags ki _s.?57.=8 arkrgs mdh _s.5?.38 arkrgs rgspgatcvgny mdh m dgtwkr` ki =5? ormdabgs mdh lkrg tbmd ?66 suo kiicags gxtgdhcde mnn kvgr tbg akudtry.

Icrst Icvg Sgmr Vnmd Cd =37=, wbgd tbg Icrst Icvg Sgmr Vnmd wms nmudabgh, tbg hgvgnkplgdt ki rurmn Cdhcm wms ecvgd tbg bcebgst prckrcty. Xbg akllgracmn omd`s ki tbg akudtry cdanuhcde tbg Clpgrcmn Omd` ki Cdhcm bmh tcnn tbgd akdicdgh tbgcr kpgrmtckds tk tbg uromd sgatkr mdh wgrg dkt gqucppgh tk rgspkdh tk tbg glgregdt dgghs ki gakdklca rgegdgrmtckd ki tbg ?9

 

rurmn mrgms. Cd krhgr, tbgrgikrg, tk sgrvg tbg gakdkly cd egdgrmn mdh tbg rurmn sgatkr cd  pmrtcaunmr, tbg Mnn Cdhcm _urmn _ur mn Arghct Qurvgy Akllcttgg rgakllgdhgh tbg ar argmtckd gmtckd ki m stmtg-pmrtdgrgh mdh stmtg-spkdskrgh omd` oy tm`cde kvgr tbg Clpgrcmn Omd` ki Cdhcm, mdh cdtgermtcde wctb ct, tbg ikrlgr stmtg-kwdgh kr stmtg-msskacmtg omd`s. Md mat wms maakrhcdeny pmssgh cd Vmrncmlgdt cd Lmy =377 mdh tbg Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm wms akdstctutgh kd = Juny =377. Lkrg tbmd m qumrtgr ki tbg rgskurags ki tbg Cdhcmd omd`cde systgl tbus pmssgh udhgr tbg hcrgat akdtrkn ki tbg Qtmtg. Nmtgr, tbg Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm (Quoschcmry Omd`s) Mat wms pmssgh cd =373, gdmoncde tbg Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm tk tm`g kvgr gcebt ikrlgr Qtmtg-msskacmtgh omd`s ms cts suoschcmrcgs (nmtgr dmlgh Msskacmtgs). Xbg Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm wms tbus okrd wctb m dgw sgdsg ki skacmn purpksg mchgh oy tbg 826 kiicags aklprcscde ormdabgs, suo kiicags mdh tbrgg Nkamn Bgmh Kiicags cdbgrctgh irkl tbg Clpgrcmn Omd`. Xbg akdagpt ki omd`cde ms lgrg rgpksctkrcgs ki tbg aklludcty's smvcdes mdh ngdhgrs tk arghctwkrtby pmrtcgs wms skkd tk ecvg wmy tk tbg akdagpt ki purpksgiun omd`cde suosgrvcde tbg erkwcde mdh hcvgrscicgh icdmdacmn dgghs ki pnmddgh gakdklca hgvgnkplgdt. Xbg Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm wms hgstcdgh tk mat ms tbg  pmagsgttgr cd tbcs rgspgat r gspgat mdh ngmh tbg Cdhcmd omd`cde systgl cdtk tbg ggxactcde xactcde icgnh ki dmtckdmn hgvgnkplgdt.

LCQQCKD, YCQCKD & YMNWGQ Lcssckd, Ycsckd & Ymnugs  

YCQCKD   µ µ

Ly QOC. Ly Austklgr icrst.

µ Ly QOC: Icrst cd austklgr smtcsimatckd   LCQQCKD   µ Ug wcnn og prklpt, pknctg mdh prkmatcvg wctb kur austklgrs. µ Ug wcnn spgm` tbg nmdeumeg ki ykude Cdhcm. µ Ug wcnn argmtg prkhuats mdh sgrvcags tbmt bgnp kur austklgrs mabcgvg tbgcr ekmns. µ Ug wcnn ek ogykdh tbg amnn ki huty tk lm`g kur austklgrs iggn vmnugh. µ Ug wcnn og ki sgrvcag gvgd cd tbg rglktgst pmrt ki kur akudtry. µ Ug wcnn kiigr gxagnngdag cd sgrvcags tk tbksg morkmh ms luab ms wg hk tk tbksg cd Cdhcm. µ Ug wcnn clocog stmtg ki tbg mrt tgabdknkey tk hrcvg gxagnngdag. ?5

 

  YMNWGQ   µ Ug wcnn mnwmys og bkdgst, trmdspmrgdt mdh gtbcamn. µ Ug wcnn rgspgat kur austklgrs mdh ignnkw msskacmtgs. µ Ug wcnn og `dkwngheg hrcvgd. µ Ug wcnn ngmrd mdh wg wcnn sbmrg kur ngmrdcde. µ Ug wcnn dgvgr tm`g tbg gmsy wmy kut. µ Ug wcnn hk gvgrytbcde wg amd tk akdtrcoutg tk tbg aklludcty wg wkr` cd. µ Ug wcnn durturg prchg cd Cdhcm

OKM_H KI HC_GAXK_Q      

Ncst ki Hcrgatkrs kd tbg Agdtrmn Okmrh ki  Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm (Ms kd ?2tb Hgaglogr, ?6=1) ?6=1)

  Dmlg

Hgscedmtckd

Qr. Dk . = ? 1 8 7 9 5 2

Qlt. Mrudhbmtc Obmttmabmrym Qbrc Bglmdt E. Akdtrmatkr Qbrc M. @rcsbdm @ulmr Qbrc Q.Ycsbvmdmtbmd Qbrc V. Vrmhggp @ulmr Qbrc Q. Ygd`mtmabmnml Qbrc H. Qudhmrml Qbrc Vmrtbmsmrmtby Cygdemr

Abmcrlmd Lmdmecde Lmdmecde Lmdmecde Lmdmecde Hcrgatkr Hcrgatkr Hcrgatkr

3 =6

Qbrc Xbklms Lmtbgw Qbrc Jyktc Obusbmd Lkbmpmtrm

==

Qbrc Q.@. Lu`bgrjgg

=? =1 =8 =7 =9 =5

Hr. _mjcv @ulmr Qbrc Hggpm` C. Mlcd Qbrc Bmrcabmdhrm Ombmhur Qcdeb Qbrc Xrcobuwmd Dmtb Abmturvghc Qbrc _mjcv Xm`ru Hr. Wrjct _. Vmtgn

Hcrgatkr Ukr`lgd Glpnkygg Hcrgatkr Kiicagr Glpnkygg Hcrgatkr Hcrgatkr Hcrgatkr Hcrgatkr Hcrgatkr Hcrgatkr Hcrgatkr

 

Kpgrmtckds ?2

Hcrgatkr Hcrgatkr Hcrgatkr Hcrgatkr

 

QOC prkvchgs m rmdeg ki omd`cde prkhuats tbrkueb cts dgtwkr` ki ormdabgs cd Cdhcm mdh kvgrsgms, cdanuhcde prkhuats mclgh mt dkd-rgschgdt Cdhcmds (D_Cs). QOC bms =8 rgeckdmn buos mdh 75 Zkdmn Kiicags tbmt mrg nkamtgh mt clpkrtmdt actcgs tbrkuebkut Cdhcm. Hklgstca prgsgdag QOC bmh =8,2=9 ormdabgs cd Cdhcm, ms kd 1= Lmrab ?6=1, ki wbcab 3,27= (99%) wgrg cd _urmn mdh Qglc-uromd mrgms. Cd tbg icdmdacmn ygmr ?6?6-?=, cts rgvgdug wms CD_ ?66,796 Arkrgs 19.3Qclcnmrny, ocnnckd), kut ki wbcab hklgstca kpgrmtckdstk akdtrcoutgh tk 37.17% ki (WQ$ rgvgdug. hklgstca kpgrmtckds akdtrcoutgh 22.15% ki tktmn prkicts ikr tbg smlg icdmdacmn ygmr.

Cdtgrdmtckdmn prgsgdag

Xbg Csrmgnc ormdab ki tbg Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm nkamtgh cd _mlmt Emd. Ms ki ?2 Judg ?6=1, tbg omd` bmh =26 kvgrsgms kiicags sprgmh kvgr 18 akudtrcgs. Ct bms ormdabgs ki tbg pmrgdt cd Lksakw, Aknklok, Hbm`m, Irmd`iurt, Bkde @kde, Xgbrmd, Jkbmddgsoure, Nkdhkd, Nks Mdegngs, Lmng cd tbg Lmnhcvgs, Lusamt, Huomc, Dgw Skr`, Ksm`m, Qyhdgy, mdh Xk`yk. Ct bms kiisbkrg omd`cde udcts cd tbg Ombmlms, Ombrmcd, mdh Qcdempkrg, mdh rgprgsgdtmtcvg kiicags cd Obutmd mdh Ampg Xkwd. Ct mnsk bms md MHO cd Okstkd, WQM. Xbg Amdmhcmd suoschcmry, Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm (Amdmhm) mnsk hmtgs tk =32?. Ct bms sgvgd ormdabgs, ikur cd tbg Xkrkdtk mrgm mdh tbrgg cd tbg Ymdakuvgr mrgm. QOC kpgrmtgs sgvgrmn ikrgced suoschcmrcgs kr miicncmtgs. Cd =336, ct gstmoncsbgh md kiisbkrg omd`: Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm (Lmurctcus). QOC (Lmurctcus) bms =7 ormdabgs cd lmjkr actcgs/tkwds ki tbg akudtry cdanuhcde _khrceugs.

Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm (Q.O.C.) Ormdab mt Xscl Qbm Xsuc, Bkde @kde Cd =32?, tbg omd` gstmoncsbgh m suoschcmry, Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm (Amncikrdcm), wbcab dkw bms tgd ormdabgs ‑ dcdg ormdabgs cd tbg stmtg ki Amncikrdcm mdh kdg cd Umsbcdetkd, H.A. Xbg =6tb ormdab wms kpgdgh cd Irglkdt, Amncikrdcm kd ?2 Lmrab ?6==. Xbg ktbgr gcebt ormdabgs cd Amncikrdcm mrg nkamtgh cd Nks Mdegngs, Mrtgscm, Qmd Jksg, Amdkem Vmr`, Irgsdk, Qmd Hcgek, Xustcd mdh Om`grsicgnh. Cd Dcegrcm, QOC kpgrmtgs ms CDLO Omd`. Xbcs omd` ogemd cd =32= ms tbg Cdhk Dcegrcmd Lgrabmdt Omd` mdh rgagcvgh r gagcvgh pgrlcssckd cd ?6 ?66? 6? tk akllgdag rgtmcn  omd`cde. Ct dkw bms icvg ormdabgs or mdabgs cd Dcegrcm. ?3

 

Cd Dgpmn, QOC kwds 77% ki Dgpmn QOC Omd`, wbcab bms ormdabgs tbrkuebkut tbg akudtry. Cd Lksakw, QOC kwds 96% ki Akllgracmn Omd` ki Cdhcm, wctb Amdmrm Omd` kwdcde tbg rgst. Cd Cdhkdgscm, ct kwds 59% ki VX Omd` Cdhk Lkdgx. Xbg Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm mnrgmhy bms m ormdab cd Qbmdebmc mdh pnmds tk kpgd kdg cd Xcmdjcd. Cd @gdym, Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm kwds 59% ki Ecrk Akllgracmn Omd`, wbcab ct maqucrgh ikr WQ$2 lcnnckd cd Katkogr ?667.

Msskacmtg omd`s

QOC lmcd ormdab mt Lulomc nct up Lmcd Ormdab ki QOC cd Lulomc. QOC bms icvg msskacmtg omd`s0 mnn usg tbg Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm nkek, wbcab cs m onug acrang, mdh mnn usg tbg "Qtmtg Omd` ki" dmlg, iknnkwgh oy tbg rgeckdmn bgmhqumrtgrs' dmlg: Qtmtg Omd` ki Oc`mdgr & Jmcpur  Qtmtg Omd` ki Byhgrmomh Qtmtg Omd` ki Lyskrg Qtmtg Omd` ki Vmtcmnm Qtmtg Omd` ki Xrmvmdakrg Gmrncgr QOC bmh sgvgd msskacmtg omd`s, mnn ki wbcab bmh ognkdegh tk prcdagny stmtgs udtcn tbg ekvgrdlgdt dmtckdmncsgh tbgl ogtwggd Katkogr =373 mdh Lmy =396. Cd tudg wctb tbg icrst Icvg Sgmr Vnmd, wbcab prckrctcsgh tbg hgvgnkplgdt ki rurmn Cdhcm, tbg ekvgrdlgdt cdtgermtgh tbgsg omd`s cdtk Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm systgl tk gxpmdh cts rurmn kutrgmab. Xbgrg bms oggd m prkpksmn tk lgreg mnn tbg msskacmtg  omd`s cdtk QOC tk argmtg m "lgem omd`" om d`" mdh strgmlncdg tbg erk erkup's up's kpgrmtckds. Xbg icrst stgp tkwmrhs udcicamtckd kaaurrgh kd =1 Mueust ?662 wbgd Qtmtg Omd` ki  Qmurmsbtrm lgregh wctb QOC, rghuacde tbg dulogr ki msskacmtg stmtg omd`s irkl sgvgd tk scx. Xbgd kd =3 Judg ?663 tbg QOC okmrh mpprkvgh tbg moskrptckd ki Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhkrg. QOC bknhs 32.1% cd Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhkrg. (Cdhcvchumns wbk bgnh tbg sbmrgs prckr tk cts tm`gkvgr oy tbg ekvgrdlgdt bknh tbg omnmdag ki =.55%.) Xbg maqucsctckd ki Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhkrg mhhgh 856 ormdabgs tk QOC's gxcstcde dgtwkr` ki ormdabgs. Mnsk, iknnkwcde tbg maqucsctckd, QOC's tktmn mssgts wcnn cdab vgry anksg tk tbg CD_=6 trcnnckd lmr` (=6 ocnnckd nkde samng). Xbg tktmn mssgts ki QOC mdh tbg Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhkrg stkkh mt CD_3,32=,=36 lcnnckd ms ki Lmrab ?663. Xbg prkagss ki lgrecde ki Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhkrg wms aklpngtgh oy Mprcn ?6=6, mdh tbg QOC Cdhkrg ormdabgs stmrtgh iudatckdcde ms QOC ormdabgs kd ?9 Mueust ?6=6. QOC Lulomc NBK. 16

 

Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm Lulomc NBK.

 Dkd-omd`cde suoschcmrcgs Mpmrt irkl cts icvg msskacmtg omd`s, QOC mnsk bms tbg iknnkwcde dkd-omd`cde suoschcmrcgs: QOC Ampctmn Lmr`gts Nth QOC Iudhs Lmdmeglgdt Vvt Nth QOC Imatkrs & Akllgracmn Qgrvcags Vvt Nth QOC Amrhs & Vmylgdts Qgrvcags Vvt. Nth. (QOCAVQN) QOC HIBC Nth QOC Ncig Cdsurmdag Aklpmdy Nclctgh QOC Egdgrmn Cdsurmdag Cd Lmrab ?66=, QOC (wctb 58% ki tbg tktmn ampctmn), jkcdgh wctb ODV Vmrcoms (wctb ?9% ki tbg rglmcdcde ampctmn), tk ikrl m jkcdt vgdturg ncig cdsurmdag aklpmdy dmlgh QOC Ncig Cdsurmdag aklpmdy Nth. Cd ?668, QOC HIBC (Hcsakudt mdh Icdmdag Bkusg ki Cdhcm) wms ikudhgh wctb cts bgmhqumrtgrs cd Lulomc. Ktbgr QOC sgrvcag pkcdts QOC bms ?5,666+ MXLs mdh QOC erkup (cdanuhcde msskacmtg omd`s) bms 1?,57? MXLs. QOC bms ogaklg tbg icrst omd` tk cdstmnn md MXL mt Hrmss cd tbg Jmllu & @msblcr @mrecn rgeckd. Xbcs wms tbg Omd`'s ?5,61?dh MXL kd ?5 Juny ?6=?.

Nkek mdh snkemd Xbg nkek ki tbg Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm cs m onug acrang wctb m slmnn aut cd tbg okttkl tbmt hgpcats pgrigatckd mdh tbg slmnn lmd tbg akllkd lmd - ogcde tbg agdtgr ki tbg omd`'s ouscdgss. Xbg nkek amlg irkl Dmtckdmn Cdstctutg ki Hgsced(DCH), Mblghmomh mdh ct wms cdspcrgh oy @md`mrcm Nm`g, Mblghmomh. Qnkemds: "VW_G OMD@CDE, DKXBCDE GNQG", "UCXB SKW - MNN XBG UMS", "M OMD@ KI XBG AKLLKD LMD", "XBG OMD@G_ XK GYG_S CDHCMD", "XBG DMXCKD OMD@Q KD WQ"

Ncstcdes mdh sbmrgbknhcde sbmrgbknhcde Ms kd 16 Judg ?6=1, Ekvgrdlgdt ki Cdhcm bgnh mrkudh 9?% gqucty sbmrgs cd QOC. Kvgr 266,666 cdhcvchumn sbmrgbknhgrs bknh mpprkx. 7.5% ki cts sbmrgs. Ncig Cdsurmdag Akrpkrmtckd ki Cdhcm cs tbg nmregst dkd-prklktgr sbmrgbknhgr cd tbg aklpmdy wctb =6.3% sbmrgbknhcde. Qbmrg Qb mrgbkn bknhgr hgrss Qbmr Qbmrgbk gbknh nhcd cde e Vrklkt klktggrs: Ekvg kvgrd rdl lgdt k kii Cdh Cdhccm

9?. 9?.1=% 1=

 

Cdsurmdagg Aklpmdc Cdsurmda Aklpmdcgs gs ==.3 ==.36% 6% Ikrgced Cdstctutckdmn Cdvgstkrs 63.53% Cdhcvchumn sbmrgbknhgrs 67.56% EH_s EH _s 6? 6?.5 .5=% =% Ktbgrs 65.73% Xktmn =66.6% Xbg gqucty sbmrgs ki QOC mrg ncstgh kd tbg Oklomy Qtka` Gxabmdeg, wbgrg ct cs m akdstctugdt tbg OQG QGDQGR cdhgx, mdh tbg Dmtckdmn Qtka` Gxabmdeg ki Cdhcm, wbgrg ct cs mkiakdstctugdt ki tbg Q&V ADR Dcity. Cts Enkomn Hgpksctkry _gagcpts (EH_s) mrg ncstgh kd tbg Nkdhkd Qtka` Gxabmdeg.

Glpnkyggs QOC cs kdg ki tbg nmregst glpnkygrs cd tbg akudtry bmvcde ??2,?39 glpnkyggs ms kd 1=st Lmrab ?6=1, kut ki wbcab tbgrg wgrg 89,211 iglmng glpnkyggs(?=%) mdh ?,86? hcsmongh glpnkyggs(=%). Kd tbg smlg hmtg, QOC bmh 81,776 Qabghung Amstg(=3%) mdh =9,598 Qabghung Xrcog glpnkyggs(5%). Xbg pgragdtmeg ki Kiicagrs, Msscstmdts mdh Quo-stmii wms 17%, 82% mdh =5% rgspgatcvgny kd tbg smlg hmtg. Bcrcde hrcvg: Xbg omd` bcrgh ?6,92? Msscstmdts cd IS ?6?6-=1, irkl kvgr 16 nm`b mppncamdts, ikr gxpmdsckd ki tbg ormdab dgtwkr` mdh tk lctcemtg stmii sbkrtmeg,  pmrtcaunmrny mtkiicagrs rurmngrsmdh sglc-uromd ormdabgs Cd tbg smlg ygmr, ct rgaructgh 28 285 5  prkomtckdmry kiica irkl mrkudh =5ormdabgs. nm`b amdhchmtgs am .dhchmtgs wbcab mppncgh ikr ik r kiicagrs–  pksctckd. Qtmii prkhuatcvcty: Ms pgr cts Mddumn _gpkrt ikr IS ?6?6-=1, gmab glpnkygg akdtrcoutgh tk rgvgdugs ki CD_ 388 Nmas mdh dgt prkict ki CD_ 9.87 Nmas. _gagdt mwmrhs mdh rgakedctckds

QOC wms rmd`gh ?32tb cd tbg Ikrtudg Enkomn 766 rmd`cdes ki tbg wkrnh's oceegst akrpkrmtckds ikr tbg ygmr ?6=?. QOC wkd "Ogst Vuonca Qgatkr Omd`" mwmrh cd tbg H&O Cdhcm's stuhy kd 'Cdhcm's Xkp Omd`s ?6=1'. Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm wkd tbrgg CH_OX Omd`cde Xgabdknkey Gxagnngdag Mwmrhs ?6=1 ikr „Gngatrkdca Vmylgdt Qystgls“, „Ogst usg ki tgabdknkey ikr Icdmdacmn Cdanusckd“, mdh „Austklgr Lmdmeglgdt & Ouscdgss Cdtgnncegdag“ cd tbg nmreg  omd` amtgekry. QOC wkd Dmtckdmn Mwmrh ikr cts pgrikrlmdag cd tbg clpnglgdtmtckd ki Vrclg Lcdcstgr–s Glpnkylgdt Egdgrmtckd Vrkermllg (VLGEV) sabglg ikr tbg ygmr ?6=?. Ogst Kdncdg Omd`cde Mwmrh, Ogst Austklgr Cdctcmtcvg Mwmrh & Ogst _cs` Lmdmeglgdt Mwmrh (_uddgr Wp) oy COM Omd`cde Xgabdknkey Mwmrhs ?6=6 Q@KAB Mwmrh ?6=6 ikr Ycrtumn akrpkrmtckd Amtgekry ikr cts g-pmylgdt sknutckd QOC wms tbg kdny omd` igmturgh cd tbg "tkp =6 ormdhs ki Cdhcm" ncst cd md mddumn survgy akdhuatgh oy Ormdh Icdmdag mdh Xbg Gakdklca Xclgs cd ?6=6. Xbg Omd` ki tbg ygmr ?663, Cdhcm (wkd tbg sgakdh ygmr cd m rkw) oy Xbg Omd`gr Lmemzcdg Ogst Omd` ‑ Nmreg mdh Lkst Qkacmnny _gspkdscong Omd` oy tbg Ouscdgss Omd` Mwmrhs ?663 Ogst Omd` ?663 oy Ouscdgss Cdhcm 1?

 

Xbg Lkst Xrustgh Ormdh ?663 oy Xbg Gakdklca Xclgs. QOC wms dmlgh tbg ?3tb lkst rgputgh aklpmdy cd tbg wkrnh maakrhcde tk Ikrogs ?663 rmd`cdes Lkst Vrgigrrgh Omd` & Lkst prgigrrgh Bklg nkmd prkvchgr oy ADOA Ycsckdmrcgs ki Icdmdacmn Cdanusckd Oy ICDK Xgabdknkey Omd` ki tbg Sgmr oy COM Omd`cde Xgabdknkey Mwmrhs QOC wms ==tb lkst trustgh ormdh cd Cdhcm ms pgr tbg Ormdh Xrust _gpkrt ?6=6.

Lmjkr aklpgtctkrs Qklg ki tbg lmjkr aklpgtctkrs ikr QOC cd tbg omd`cde sgatkr mrg Mxcs Omd`, CACAC Omd`, BHIA Omd`, Vudjmo Dmtckdmn Omd`, Omd` ki Omrkhm, Amdmrm Omd` mdh Omd` ki Cdhcm. Bkwgvgr cd tgrls ki mvgrmeg lmr`gt sbmrg, QOC cs oy imr tbg nmregst  pnmygr cd tbg lmr`gt.

Vrkhuats kiigrgh oy QOC. VG_QKDMN OMD@CDE

Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm kiigrs m wchg rmdeg ki sgrvcags cd tbg Vgrskdmn Omd`cde Qgelgdt wbcab mrg cdhgxgh bgrg. Anca` kd gmab ki tbgl tk maagss tbg hgtmcns. Kur prkhuats mrg hgscedgh wctb ingxcocncty tk suct ykur pgrskdmn rgqucrglgdts. Gdjky ?8 bkur imacncty tbrkueb kur MXLs erkwcde spgghcny ct bms arkssgh tbg ?=666 lmr` Umtab tbcs spmag ikr lkrg hgtmcns.   QOC Xgrl Hgpkscts QOC Nkmd Ikr Vgdsckdgrs QOC _gaurrcde Hgpkscts Nkmd Memcdst Lkrtemeg Ki Vrkpgrty QOC Bkuscde Nkmd Nkmd Memcdst Qbmrgs & Hgogdturgs QOC Amr Nkmd

11

 

_gdt Vnus Qabglg QOC Ghuamtckdmn Nkmd Lghc-Vnus Qabglg

QOC Vgrskdmn Nkmd g-Cdvgst (MQOM) ‑ CVK

ME_CAWNXW_G / _W_MN Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm Amtgrs tk tbg dgghs ki mercaunturcsts mdh nmdhngss mercaunturmn nmokurgrs tbrkueb m dgtwkr` ki lkrg tbmd 333? rurmn mdh sglc-uromd ormdabgs. Mpmrt irkl tbg ormdabgs, tbgrg mrg 8?2 Mercaunturmn Hgvgnkplgdt Ormdabgs (MHOs) wbcab mnsk amtgr tk mercaunturcsts. Ug mrg tbg ngmhgrs cd merc icdmdag cd tbg akudtry wctb m  pkrtiknck ki _s. =,?7,666 arkrgs ar krgs cd merc mhvmdags ikr i kr lkrg tbmd = arkrg imrlgr imlcncgs. Kur ormdabgs bmvg akvgrgh m wbkng emlut ki mercaunturmn matcvctcgs nc`g arkp  prkhuatckd , bkrtcaunturg bkrtcauntu rg , pnmdtmtckd arkps, arkp s, imrl lgabmdczmtckd, nmdh hgvgnkplgdt hgv gnkplgdt mdh rganmlmtckd, hceecde ki wgnns, tuog wgnns mdh crrcemtckd prkjgats, ikrgstry, akdstruatckd ki aknh stkrmegs mdh ekhkwds, prkagsscde ki merc-prkhuats, icdmdag tk merc-cdput hgmngrs, mnncgh matcvctcgs nc`g hmcry , icsbgrcgs, pkuntry, sbggp-ekmt, pceegry mdh rgmrcde ki scn` wkrls.

Xk ecvg spgacmn ikaus tk mercaunturg ngdhcde Omd` bms mnsk mppkcdtgh merc spgacmncsts cd vmrckus hcsacpncdgs tk bmdhng prkjgats/ euchg imrlgrs cd tbgcr merc vgdturgs. Mhvmdags mrg ecvgd tk okrrkwgrs ikr vgry slmnn matcvctcgs akvgrcde pkkrgst ki tbg pkkr tk bctgab matcvctcgs cdvknvcde nmreg iudh kutnmys. Ug bmvg sgt up gcebtggd Merc Akllgracmn Ormdabgs (MAOs) wbcab wcnn bmdhng bceb vmnug merc icdmdacde cdvknvcde nmreg cdvgstlgdts. Ct gdvcsmegs ngdhcde tbrkueb akrpkrmtg pmrtdgrsbcps mdh ktbgr nmreg gdtgrprcsgs ikr akllkhcty icdmdacde, cdvgstlgdt arghct, ktbgr bceb vmnug mercaunturg sgelgdts nc`g bkrtcaunturg, inkrcaunturg & ikkh prkagsscde gta. Ct mnsk ikausgs kd Merc rgnmtgh QLG cdanuhcde sgttcde up ki _cag mdh Hbmn lcnns, sggh prkagsscde cdhustry, ikkh prkagsscde cdhustry, nmreg mdh slmnn samng hmcry udcts, gta.

18

 

Xrmhctckdmnny, rurmn ouscdgss cs msskacmtgh wctb mercaunturg mdh mnncgh matcvctcgs. Ki nmtg bkwgvgr, tbg trca`ng hkwd giigat ki gakdklca erkwtb, rgdgwgh ikaus kd cdirmstruaturg hgvgnkplgdt, mdh glpnkylgdt egdgrmtckd cd rurmn mrgms bmvg ngh tk bueg cdvgstlgdt  oy tbg Ekvgrdlgdt cd rurmn rurm n Cdhcm, wctb m vcgw tk orcheg tbg ur uromd omd mdh rurmn hcvchg. Akdschgrcde tbmt mercaunturg wkunh akdtcdug tk og scedcicamdt hrcvgr ki Cdhcmd gakdkly, wctb tbg pksscocnctcgs ki rmpch erkwtb glgrecde mrgms nc`gOuscdgss akdtrmat Wdct imrlcde, merk-prkagsscde mdh merk-gxpkrt zkdgs,cdgta., m sgpmrmtg Merc (MOW) wctb m hcstcdat kremdczmtckdmn struaturg bms oggd sgt up cd tbg Omd` mdh udhgr dktgh kojgatcvgs bms oggd argmtgh cd ?668:k Vrkvchcde ikausgh mttgdtckd kd tbg omd`cde rgqucrglgdts ki tbg mercaunturg sgelgdt, k Mabcgvcde =2% tmregt udhgr mercaunturmn mhvmdags ms rgqucrgh udhgr prckrcty sgatkr  dkrls, k Ikaus kd lcark icdmdag mdh QBE kppkrtudctcgs (dkw pmrt ki dkd-imrl sgatkr cd _urmn Ouscdgss), k Ikaus kd @gy Akrpkrmtg mdh Cdstctutckdmn rgnmtckdsbcps cd mercaunturg, glgrecde kppkrtudctcgs, mdh spgacmn cdctcmtcvgs, ms lmy og dgagssmry, k Ikaus kd prkhuat hgvgnkplgdt mdh lmdmeglgdt, k _ghuag DVM ngvgns cd Mercaunturg, k Lm`g mercaunturg m akllgracmn prkpksctckd. MOW bms scx hgpmrtlgdts bgmhgh oy Hgputy Hgputy Egdgrmn Lmdmegrs. :µ Merc Ouscdgss, Vnmddcde, Lkdctkrcde mdh Lmr`gt Cdtgnncegdag. µ DVM-ME_C µ Akrpkrmtg mdh Cdstctutckdmn _gnmtckdsbcp. µ Vrkhuat Hgvgnkplgdt mdh Lmdmeglgdt. µ Ngmh Omd` & _QGXC. µ _geckdmn _urmn Omd`s.

17

 

Ug mnsk bmvg md giigatcvg Lmr`gtcde mdh rgakvgry tgml cd gmab rgeckd wctb rgspkdscocnctcgs ikr lmr`gtcde mdh oucnhcde rgnmtckdsbcps wctb hgmngrs ki merc-prkhuats, kremdczcde prklktckdmn gvgdts mdh ikr nkmd smdatckd, prkagsscde, lkdctkrcde mdh rgakvgry. Uctb m aknngatcvg giikrt ki Ekvt. mdh tbg pgkpng, wg mrg sgt ikrtb tk akdtcdug erkwtb cd tbg rurmn mdh merc hgvgnkplgdt mdh ogaklg tbg ‒Omd`gr tk Gvgry Cdhcmd–. QG_YCAGQ Ncstgh mrg Qgrvcags, QOC kiigrs tk cts austklgrs. HKLGQXCA X_GMQW_S   O_K@CDE QG_YCAGQ   _GYCQGH QG_YCAG ABM_EGQ   MXL QG_YCAGQ   CDXG_DGX OMD@CDE   QXMXG OMD@ LKOCAMQB   G-VMS   G-_MCN   _OCGIX   QMIG HGVKQCX NKA@G_    LCA_ AKHGQ   IK_GCED CDUM_H _GLCXXMDAGQ

QLG Aurrgdt Maakudts, Hgpkscts mdh Xrmdsmatckd Omd`cde QOC Mssgt Oma`gh Nkmd Inggt Icdmdag Qabglg gHIQ Aknnmtgrmn Irgg Nkmds 19

 

Cdtgrdgt Omd`cde Lkocng Omd`cde Qtmtg Omd` LkocAmsb MXL Qgrvcags Hglmt Qgrvcags

Ekvt. Ouscdgss Ekvt.Maakudts Vuonca Vrkvchgdt Iudh QOC g-Xmx

Akrpkrmtg Omd`cde Akrpkrmtg Maakudts Lch Akrpkrmtg Erkup Vrkjgat Icdmdag Vrkhuats & Qgrvcags

 D_C Qgrvcags Maakudts & Hgpkscts _glcttmdags Nkmds Cdvgstlgdts

15

 

12

 

_gsgmrab lgtbkhknkey Xbg prkaghurg mhkptgh ikr akdhuatcde tbg rgsgmrab rgqucrgs m nkt ki mttgdtckd ms ct bms hcrgat ogmrcde kd maaurmay, rgncmocncty mdh mhgqumay ki rgsunts kotmcdgh. Ct cs hug tk tbcs rgmskd tbmt rgsgmrab lgtbkhknkey, wbcab wg usgh mt tbg tclg ki akdhuatcde tbg rgsgmrab, dgghs tk og gnmokrmtgh upkd. Ct lmy og udhgrstkkh ms m sacgdag ki stuhycde bkw rgsgmrab cs hkdg sacgdtcicamnny. Qk, tbg rgsgmrab lgtbkhknkey dkt kdny tmn`s mokut tbg rgsgmrab lgtbkhs out mnsk akdschgrs tbg nkeca ogbcdh tbg lgtbkh usgh cd tbg akdtgxt ki tbg rgsgmrab rgsgmrab stuhy. _gsgmrab Lgtbkhknkey cs m wmy tk systglmtcamnny systglmtcamnny stuhy mdh sknvg tbg rgsgmrab prkongls. Ci m rgsgmrabgr wmdts tk anmcl bcs stuhy ms m ekkh stuhy, bg lust angmrny stmtg tbg lgtbkhknkey mhmptgh cd akdhuatcde tbg rgsgmrab tbg rgsgmrab sk tbmt ct wmy og juhegh oy tbg rgmhgr wbgtbgr tbg lgtbkhknkey ki wkr`  hkdg cs skudh kr dkt.

Xbg _gsgmrab Lgtbkhknkey bgrg cdanuhgs: 

Kojgatcvg ki stuhy



Lgmdcde ki _gsgmrab.



_gsgmrab Vrkongl.



_gsgmrab Hgsced.



Hmtm Aknngatckd lgtbkh.



Mdmnyscs mdh cdtgrprgtmtckd ki Hmtm



Nclctmtckd ki stuhy

13

 

KOJGAXCYG KI XBG QXWHS Kojgatcvgs mrg tbg gdhs tbmt stmtgs spgacicamnny bkw ekmn og mabcgvgh. Gvgry stuhy lust bmvg md kojgatcvg ikr wbcab mnn tbg giikrts bmvg oggd hkdg. Uctbkut kojgatcvg dk rgsgmrab amd og akdhuatgh mdh dk rgsunt amd og kotmcdgh. Kd tbg omscs ki kojgatcvg mnn tbg rgsgmrab prkagss cs iknnkwgh. Kojgatcvgs mrg tbg lmcd mspgat ki gvgry stuhy. Xbg kojgatcvg ki tbg stuhy ecvgs hcrgatckd tk ek tbrkueb tbg rgsgmrab prkongl. Ct euchgs tbg rgsgmrabgr mdh `ggps bcl kd trma`. C bmvg twk kojgatcvgs rgemrhcde ly rgsgmrab prkjgat. Xbgsg mrg sbkwd  ognkw :=. Vrclmry kojgatcvg ?. Qgakdhmry kojgatcvg =. Vrclmry kojgatcvg :-

=) Xk stuhy tbg skitwmrg usgh cd QOC. ?) Xk mdmnysg tbg icdmdacmn stmtglgdts ki tbg akrpkrmtckd tk mssgss ct–s trug icdmdacmn pksctckd oy tbg usg ki rmtcks. ?. Qgakdhmry kojgatcvg :=) Xk icdh kut tbg sbkrtaklcdes cd QOC.

?) Xk sgg wbgtbgr QOC cs ekcde wgnn kr dkt cd hciigrgdt mrgms.

CLVK_XMDAG KI XBG QXWHS 



Oy „ICDMDACMN VG_IK_LMDAG MDMNSQCQ KI QOC“ wg wkunh og mong tk egt m imcr pcaturg ki tbg icdmdacmn pksctckd ki QOC. Oy sbkwcde tbg icdmdacmn pgrikrlmdag tk vmrckus ngdhgrs mdh arghctkrs ct cs  pksscong tk egt arghct cd gmsy tgrls ci ekkh icdmdacmn icdmdacm n akdhctckd cs lmcdtmcdgh cd tbg aklpmdy wctb mssgts kutwgcebcde tbg ncmocnctcgs.



Vrktgatcde tbg prkpgrty ki tbg ouscdgss.



Aklpncmdags wctb ngemn rgqucrglgdt.

86

 

Lgmdcde cde   Lgmd

ki _ _gsgm gsgmrab: rab:

_gsgmrab cs hgicdgh ms „m sacgdtcica mdh systglmtca sgmrab ikr pgrtcdgdt cdikrlmtckd kd m spgacica tkpca“. _gsgmrab cs md mrt ki sacgdtcica cdvgstcemtckd. _gsgmrab cs m systglmtczgh giikrt tk emcd dkw `dkwngheg. Ct cs m amrgiun cdvgstcemtckd kr cdqucry gspgacmnny tbrkueb sgmrab ikr dgw imats cd mdy ormdab ki `dkwngheg. _gsgmrab cs md mamhglca matcvcty mdh tbcs tgrl sbkunh og usgh cd m tgabdcamn sgdsg. _gsgmrab aklprcsgs hgicdcde mdh rghgicdcde prkongls, ikrlunmtcde bypktbgscs kr sueegstgh sknutckds. Lm`cde hghuatckds mdh rgmabcde akdanusckds tk hgtgrlcdg wbgtbgr tbgy ci tbg ikrlunmtcde bypktbgscs. _gsgmrab cs tbus, md krcecdmn akdtrcoutckd tk tbg gxcstcde stka` ki `dkwngheg lm`cde ikr cts mhvmdaglgdt. Xbg sgmrab ikr `dkwngheg tbrkueb kojgatcvg mdh systglmtca lgtbkh ki icdhcde sknutckds tk m prkongl cs rgsgmrab.

_gsgm gmrab rab   _gs

Vr Vrko kongl ngl

Xbg icrst stgp wbcng akdhuatcde rgsgmrab cs amrgiun hgicdctckd ki _gsgmrab Vrkongl. „Xk G__ CQ XBG BWLMD“ m prkvgro cdhcamtgs dk kdg csmdy pgrigat cd tbcs wkrnh. Gvgry rgsgmrabgr bms tkcsimag lmdy wbcab prkongls wbcab tbmt akdhuatcde rgsgmrab tbmt–s wby prkongl stmtglgdt cs hgicdgh tk `dkw wbcab typg ki prkongls m rgsgmrabgr bms tk imag wbcng akdhuatcde mdy stuhy. Ct cs smch tbmt, „Vrkongl wgnn hgicdgh cs prkongl bmni sknvgh.“ Omscamnny, m prkongl stmtglgdt rgigrs tk sklg hciicaunty, wbcab rgsgmrabgr  gxpgrcgdags cd tbg akdtgxt ki gctbgr m tbgkrgtcamn kr prmatcamn sctumtckd mdh wmdts tk kotmcd tbg sknutckd ikr tbg smlg. Xbg prkongl stmtglgdt bgrg cs:„XK

LM@G M ICDMDACMN MDMNSQCQ KI ICDMDACMN QXMXGLGDXQ KI QOC“

_gsgm gmrab rab   _gs

H Hgsc gsced ed 8=

 

M rgsgmrab hgsceds cs tbg mrrmdeglgdt ki akdhctckds ikr aknngatckd mdh mdmnyscs hmtm cd m lmddgr tbmt mcls tk aklocdg rgngvmdag tk tbg rgsgmrab purpksg wctb gakdkly cd  prkaghurg. _gsgmrab Hgsced Hgsce d cs tbg akdagptumn struaturg str uaturg wctb cd wbcab rgsgmrab cd akdhuatgh. Ct akdstctutgs tbg onugprcdt ikr tbg aknngatckd lgmsurglgdt mdh mdmnyscs ki hmtm. _gsgmrab Hgsced cdanuhgs mdh kutncdg ki wbmt tbg rgsgmrabgr wcnn hk ikrl wrctcde tbg bypktbgscs mdh ct kpgrmtckdmn clpncamtckd tk tbg icdmn mdmnyscs ki hmtm. M rgsgmrab hgsced cs m irmlgwkr` ikr tbg stuhy mdh cs usgh ms euchg cd aknngatckd mdh mdmnyzcde tbg hmtm. Ct cs m strmtgey spgaciycde wbcab mpprkmab wcnn og usgh ikr emtbgrcde mdh mdmnyzcde tbg hmtm. Ct mnsk cdanuhg tbg tclg mdh akst ouhegt scdag lkst stuhcgs mrg hkdg udhgr tbgsg twk akst ouhegt scdag lkst stuhcgs mrg hkdg udhgr tbgsgs tkw akdstrmcdts. Xbg hgsced cs suab stuhcgs lust og rcech mdh dkt ingxcong mdh lkst ikaus mttgdtckd kd tbg iknnkwcde:



Ubmt cs tbg stuhy mokut; Uby cs tbg stuhy ogcde lmhg; Ubgrg wcnn tbg stuhy og amrrcgh kut; Ubmt typg ki hmtm cs rgqucrgh; Ubgrg amd og rgqucrgh hmtm og ikudh; Ubmt pgrckh ki tclg wcnn tbg stuhy cdanuhg;

   

Ubmt og smlpng hgsced; Ubmt wcnn tgabdcqugs ki hmtm aknngatckd wcnn og usgh; Bkw wcnn tbg hmtm og mdmnyzgh; Cd wbmt styng wcnn tbg rgpkrt og prgpmrgh;

   

XSVGQ KI _GQGM_AB HGQCED : 

GRVG_CLGDXMN _GQGM_AB HGQCED  GRVNK_MXK_S _GQGM_AB HGQCED  HGQA_CVXCYG& HCMEDKQXCA _GQGM_AB Gxpnkrmtkry _gsgmrab Hgsced: Xbcs rgsgmrab hgsced cs prgigrrgh wbgd rgsgmrabgr bms m vmeug chgm mokut tbg prkongl tbg rgsgmrabgr bms tk gxpnkrg tbg suojgat. Gxpgrclgdtmn _gsgmrab Hgsced ‑ Xbg rgsgmrab hgsced cs usgh tk prkvchg m strkde  omscs ikr tbg gxcstgdag gxcstgda g ki amsumn rgnmtckdsbcp ogtwggd twk kr lkrg vmrcmongs. Hgsarcptcvg _gsgmrab Hgsced ‑ Ct sgg`s tk hgtgrlcdg tbg mdswgrs tk wbk, wbmt, wbgrg, wbgd mdh bkw qugstckds. Ct cs omsgh kd sklg prgvckus udhgrstmdhcde ki tbg lmttgr. Hcmedkstca _gsgmrab Hgsced Ct hgtgrlcdgs tbg irgqugday wctb wbcab sklgtbcde kaaurs kr cts msskacmtckd wctb sklgtbcde gnsg. _GQGM_AB HGQCED WQGH CD XBG QXWHS: 

8?

 

Hgsarc Hgsa rcpt ptcv cvgg rgsg rgsgmr mrab ab hg hgsc sced ed cs usgh usgh cd tbcs tbcs stuh stuhy y og ogam amus usgg ct wcnn wcnn gdsu gdsurg rg tbg tbg lcdclczmtckd ki ocms mdh lmxclczmtckd ki rgncmocncty ki hmtm aknngatgh. Hgsarcptcvg stuhy cs omsgh kd sklg prgvckus udhgrstmdhcde ki tbg tkpca. _gsgmrab bms ekt m vgry spgacica kojgatcvg mdh angmr aut hmtm rgqucrglgdts Xbg rgsgmrabgr bmh tk usg imat mdh cdikrlmtckd mnrgmhy mvmcnmong tbrkueb icdmdacmn stmtglgdts ki gmrncgr ygmrs mdh mdmnysg tbgsg tk lm`g arctcamn arctcamn gvmnumtckd ki tbg mvmcnmong lmtgrcmn. lmtgrcmn. Bgdag oy lm`cde tbg typg ki tbg rgsgmrab akdhuatgh tk og oktb Hgsarcptcvg mdh Mdmnytcamn cd dmturg. Irkl tbg stuhy, tbg typg ki hmtm tk og aknngatgh mdh tbg prkaghurg tk og usgh ikr tbcs purpksg wgrg hgachgh.

 

Hmtm Hmt m Akn Aknngat ngatckd ckd Lg Lgtbk tbkh h

Xbg prkagss ki hmtm aknngatckd ogecds mitgr m rgsgmrab prkongl bms oggd hgicdgh mdh rgsgmrab hgsced mbs oggd abmn`gh kut. Xbgrg mrg twk typgs ki  hmtm ‑  V_CLM_S HMXM Ct cs icrst bmdh hmtm, wbcab cs aknngatgh oy rgsgmrabgr ctsgni. Vrclmry hmtm cs aknngatgh  oy vmrckus mpprkmabgs mpprk mabgs sk ms tk egt m prgacsg, maaurmtg, ma aurmtg, rgmncstca mdh rgngvmdt rgngvmd t hmtm. Xbg

lmcd tkkn cd emtbgrcde prclmry hmtm wms cdvgstcemtckd mdh kosgrvmtckd. Ct wms mabcgvgh oy m hcrgat mpprkmab mdh kosgrvmtckd irkl tbg kiicacmns ki tbg aklpmdy. QGAKDHM_S HMXM - ct cs tbg hmtm wbcab cs mnrgmhy aknngatgh oy sklgkdg gnsg. _gsgmrabgr bms tk mdmnyzg tbg hmtm mdh cdtgrprgts tbg rgsunts. Ct bms mnwmys oggd clpkrtmdt ikr tbg aklpngtckd ki mdy rgpkrt. Ct prkvchgs rgncmong, suctmong, mhgqumtg mdh spgacica  `dkwngheg. XSVG KI HMXM WQGH CD XBG QXWHS 

Xbg rgqucrgh hmtm ikr tbg stuhy mrg omscamnny sgakdhmry cd dmturg mdh tbg hmtm mrg aknngatgh irkl  

 

Xbg muhctgh rgpkrts ki tbg aklpmdy. CDXG_DGX ‑ wbcab cdanuhgs rgqucrgh icdmdacmn hmtm aknngatgh ikrl QOC–s kiicacmn wgosctg c.g www.soc.ak.cd mdh www.soc.ak.cd mdh sklg ktbgr wgosctgs kd tbg cdtgrdgt ikr tbg purpksg ki egttcde mnn tbg rgqucrgh icdmdacmn hmtm ki tbg omd` mdh tk egt hgtmcngh `dkwngheg mokut QOC ikr tbg akdvgdcgdag ki stuhy. Orkuabgrs ki QOC. Xbg vmnumong akkpgrmtckd gxtgdhgh oy stmii lglogrs mdh tbg ormdab lmdmegr ki QOC,hbmrlsbmnm akdtrcoutgh m nkt tk iunicnn tbg rgqucrglgdts cd tbg aknngatckd ki hmtm cd krhgr tk aklpngtg tbg prkjgat.

Lgtbkhs khs   Lgtb

k kii hmt hmtm m mdm mdmnys nyscs cs 81

 

Xbg hmtm aknngatgh wgrg ghctgh, anmsscicgh mdh tmounmtgh ikr mdmnyscs. Xbg mdmnytcamn tkkns usgh cd tbcs stuhy mrg: MDMNSXCAMN XKKNQ MVVNCGH:

Xbg stuhy glpnkys tbg iknnkwcde mdmnytcamn tkkns: =. Aklpmrmtcvg stmtglgdt. ?. Xrgdh Vgragdtmeg. 1. _mtck Mdmnyscs. 8. Amsb Inkw Qtmtglgdt.

Nclctmt Nclc tmtckd ckdss ki sstuh tuhy y    

   

Hciicaunty cd hmtm aknngatckd. Nclctgh `dkwngheg mokut tbg omd` cd tbg cdctcmn stmegs. Ormdab lmdmegr wms rgnuatmdt ikr ecvcde icdmdacmn hmtm ki tbg  omd`. Xbg mdmnyscs mdh cdtgrprgtmtckd mrg omsgh kd sgakdhmry hmtm akdtmcdgh cd tbg puoncsbgh mddumn rgpkrts ki QOC ikr tbg stuhy  pgrckh. Hug tk tbg nclctgh tclg mvmcnmong mt tbg hcspksmong , tbg stuhy bms oggd akdicdgh ikr m pgrckh ki 7 ygmrs (?6=9-?6?=). _mtck ctsgni wcnn dkt aklpngtgny sbkw tbg aklpmdy–s ekkh kr  omh icdmdacmn pksctckd. pksctckd . Cdtgr icrl aklpmrcskd wms dkt pksscong hug tk tbg dkd mvmcnmocncty ki aklpgtctkrs hmtm. Xbg stuhy ki icdmdacmn pgrikrlmdag amd og kdny m lgmds tk `dkw mokut tbg icdmdacmn akdhctckd ki tbg aklpmdy mdh amddkt sbkw m tbrkueb pcaturg ki tbg matcvctcgs ki tbg aklpmdy

.

88

 

87

 

CDX_KHWAXCKD KI XBG XKVCA

Lgmdcde Ki Icdmdacmn Qtmtglgdts Icdmdacmn stmtglgdts rgigr tk suab stmtglgdts wbcab akdtmcds icdmdacmn cdikrlmtckd mokut md gdtgrprcsg. Xbgy rgpkrt prkictmocncty mdh tbg icdmdacmn pksctckd ki tbg ouscdgss mt tbg gdh ki maakudtcde pgrckh. Xbg tgml icdmdacmn stmtglgdt cdanuhgs mt ngmst twk stmtglgdts stmtglg dts wbcab tbg maakudtmdt prgpmrgs mt tbg gdh ki md maakudtcde maakudtcde pgrckh. Xbg twk stmtglgdts mrg:    

Xbg Omnmdag Qbggt Vrkict Mdh Nkss Maakudt

Xbgy prkvchg sklg gxtrglgny usgiun cdikrlmtckd tk tbg gxtgdt tbmt omnmdag Qbggt lcrrkrs tbg icdmdacmn pksctckd kd m pmrtcaunmr hmtg cd tgrls ki tbg struaturg ki mssgts, ncmocnctcgs mdh kwdgrs gqucty, mdh sk kd mdh tbg Vrkict Mdh Nkss maakudt sbkws tbg rgsunts ki kpgrmtckds hurcde m agrtmcd pgrckh ki tclg cd tgrls ki tbg rgvgdugs kotmcdgh mdh tb tbgg ak akst st cdaurr cdaurrgh gh hurcd hurcde e tbg ygmr. ygmr. Xbus Xbus tbg icdmd icdmdac acmn mn stm stmtg tglg lgdt dt prkvch prkvchgs gs m sullmrczgh vcgw ki icdmdacmn pksctckds mdh kpgrmtckds ki m icrl.

Lgmdcde Ki Icdmdacmn Mdmnyscs Xbg tgrl icdmdacmn mdmnyscs  cs mnsk `dkwd ms ‒ mdmny mdmnyscs scs mdh cdtgrprg cdtgrprgtmtc tmtckd kd ki  icdmdacmn stmtglgdts– stmtglgdts–  rgigrs tk tbg prkagss ki hgtgrlcdcde icdmdacmn strgdetb mdh wgm`dgss ki tbg icrl oy gstmoncsbcde strmtgeca rgnmtckdsbcp ogtwggd tbg ctgls ki tbg Omnmdag Qbggt, Vrkict mdh Nkss maakudt mdh ktbgr kpgrmtcvg hmtm. Xbg icrst tms` ki icdmdacm icdmdacmnn mdmnyscs cs tk sgngat tbg cdikrlmtckd cdikrlmtckd rgngvmdt tk tbg hgacsckd udhgr akdschgrmtckd akdschgrmtckd tk tbg tktmn cdikrlmtckd akdtmcdgh cd tbg icdmdacmn icdmdacmn stmtglgdt. Xbg sgakdh stgp cs tk mrrmdeg tbg cdikrlmtckd cd m wmy tk bcebncebt scedcicamdt rgnmtckdsbcp. Xbg icdmn stgp cs cdtgrprgtmtckd mdh hrmwcde ki cdigrgdag mdh akdanusckds. Icdmdacmn stmtglgdt cs tbg prkagss ki sgngatckd, rgnmtckd mdh gvmnumtckd.

Igmturgs ki Icdmdacmn Mdmnyscs k

k

k

Xk prgsgdt m aklpngx hmtm akdtmcdgh cd tbg icdmdacmn stmtglgdt cd sclpng mdh udhgrstmdhmong ikrl. Xk anmssciy tbg ctgls akdtmcdgh cd tbg icdmdacmn stmtglgdt cd akdvgdcgdt mdh rmtckdmn erkups. Xk lm`g aklpmrcskd ogtwggd vmrckus erkups tk t k hrmw vmrckus akdanusckds.

Vurpksg ki Mdmnyscs ki icdmdacmn stmtglgdts stmtglgdts 

Xk `dkw tbg gmrdcde ampmacty kr prkictmocncty.

89

 

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Xk `dkw tbg sknvgday.



Xk `dkw tbg icdmdacmn strgdetbs.



Xk `dkw tbg ampmocncty ki pmylgdt ki cdtgrgst & hcvchgdhs.



Xk lm`g aklpmrmtcvg stuhy wctb ktbgr icrls.



Xk `dkw tbg trgdh ki ouscdgss.



Xk `dkw tbg giicacgday ki let.



Xk prkvchg usgiun cdikrlmtckd tk let.

Vrkaghurg ki Icdmdacmn Qtmtglgdt Mdmnyscs Xbg iknnkwcde prkaghurg cs mhkptgh ikr tbg mdmnyscs mdh cdtgrprgtmtckd ki  icdmdacmn stmtglgdts:

Xbg mdmnyst sbkunh maqumcdt bclsgni wctb prcdacpngs mdh pkstunmtgh ki maakudtcde. Bg sbkunh `dkw tbg pnmds mdh pkncacgs ki tbg lmdmeglgdt sk tbmt bg lmy og mong tk icdh kut wbgtbgr tbgsg pnmds mrg prkpgrny gxgautgh kr dkt.



Xbg gxtgdt ki mdmnyscs sbkunh og hgtgrlcdgh sk tbmt tbg spbgrg ki wkr` lmy og hgachgh. Ci tbg mcl cs icdh kut. Gmrdcde ampmacty ki tbg gdtgrprcsg tbgd mdmnyscs ki cdaklg stmtglgdt wcnn og udhgrtm`gd. Kd tbg ktbgr bmdh, ci icdmdacmn  pksctckd cs tk og stuhcgh stuh cgh tbgd omnmdag sbggt mdmnyscs m dmnyscs wcnn og dgagssmry.



Xbg icdmdacmn hmtm og ecvgd cd stmtglgdt sbkunh og rgakedczgh mdh rgmrrmdegh. Ct wcnn cdvknvg tbg erkupcde sclcnmr hmtm udhgr smlg bgmhs. Orgm`cde hkwd ki cdhcvchumn aklpkdgdts ki stmtglgdt maakrhcde tk dmturg. Xbg hmtm cs rghuagh tk m stmdhmrh ikrl.



M rgnmtckdsbcp cs gstmoncsbgh mlkde icdmdacmn stmtglgdts wctb tbg bgnp ki tkkns & tgabdcqugs ki mdmnyscs suab ms rmtcks, trgdhs, akllkd sczg, iudh inkw gta.



Xbg cdikrlmtckd cs cdtgrprgtgh cd m sclpng mdh udhgrstmdhmong wmy. Xbg scedcicamdag mdh utcncty ki icdmdacmn hmtm cs gxpnmcdgh ikr bgnp cd hgacsckd lm`cde.



Xbg akdanusckds hrmwd irkl cdtgrprgtmtckd mrg prgsgdtgh tk tbg lmdmeglgdt cd tbg ikrl ki rgpkrts.



Xypgs Ki Icdmdacmn Mdmnyscs

Xbgrg mrg hciigrgdt wmys ki mdmnyscs tbg icdmdacmn stmtglgdts:

=. Kd Xb Xbgg Oms Omscs cs Ki V Vrka rkagss gss K Kii Mdm Mdmnys nyscs cs 85

 

m) Bkrczk Bkrczkdtm dtmnn Mdmnyscs Mdmnyscs: Xbcs cs usgh wbgd tbg icdmdacmn stmtglgdt ki m dulogr ki ygmrs mrg tk og mdmnysgh. Quab mdmnyscs cdhcamtgs tbg trgdhs mdh tbg cdargmsg kr hgargmsg cd vmrckus ctgls dkt kdny cd mosknutg iceurgs out mnsk cd pgragdtmeg ikrl. Xbcs mdmnyscs cdhcamtgs tbg strgdetbs mdh wgm`dgssgs ki tbg icrl. Xbcs mdmnyscs cs mnsk amnngh ms hydmlca mdmnyscs ogamusg ct mnsk sbkws tbg trgdh ki tbg ouscdgss. o) Ygrt Ygrtca Mdmn Mdmnys yscs cs : Xbcs cs usgh wbgd icdmdacmn stmtglgdts ki m pmrtcaunmr ygmr  kr kdcamn mmnpmrtcaunmr hmtg mrg mdmnyzgh. Ikr tbcs typg ki mdmnyscs wg egdgrmnny usg akllkd sczg stmtglgdts mdh tbg rmtck mdmnyscs. Ct cdvknvgs m stuhy ki qumdtctmtcvg rgnmtckdsbcp mlkde vmrckus ctgls ki omnmdag sbggt mdh prkict mdh nkss maakudt. Xbcs typg ki mdmnyscs cs stmtca mdmnyscs ogamusg tbcs cs omsgh kd tbg icdmdacmn rgsunts ki kdg ygmr. Ygrtcamn mdmnyscs cs usgiun wbgd wg bmvg tk aklpmrg tbg pgrikrlmdag ki hciigrgdt hgpmrtlgdts ki tbg smlg aklpmdy.

Mlkde tbgsg twk typgs ki mdmnyscs, bkrczkdtmn mdmnyscs cs lkrg usgiun ogamusg ct  orcdes kut lkrg angmrny tbg trgdhs ki wkr`cde ki m icrl. Xbcs ecv ecvgs gs us lkrg akdargtg omsgs ikr iuturg pnmddcde.

?. Kd Xbg O Omsc mscss Ki Cdik Cdikrlm rlmtck tckd d Mvmcnmo Mvmcnmong ng m) Cdtg Cdtgrdmn rdmn Mdmny M dmnyscs scs : Xbcs mdmnyscs cs omsgh kd tbg cdikrlmtckd mvmcnmong tk tbg  ouscdgss icrl kdny .Bgdag cdtgrdmn cdtgr dmn mdmnyscs cs lmhg oy tbg tb g lmdmeglgdt. Cdtgrdmn mdmnyscs cs lkrg rgncmong mdh bgnpiun ikr icdmdacmn hgacsckds.

o) Gxtg Gxtgrdmn rdmn Mdmnyscs Mdmn yscs : Xbcs mdmnyscs cs lmhg kd tbg omscs ki puoncsbgh stmtglgdts,rgpkrts mdh cdikrlmtckds. Xbcs mdmnyscs cs lmhg oy gxtgrdmn pmrtcgs suab ms arghctkrs,cdvgstkrs,omd`s,icdmdacmn mdmnyscs gta. gxtgrdmn mdmnyscs cs ngss rgncmong cd aklpmrcskd tk cdtgrdmn mdmnyscs ogamusg ki nclctgh mdh kitgd cdaklpngtg cdikrlmtckd.

1. Kd X Xbg bg O Omsc mscss Ki D Dulo ulogr gr K Kii Ic Icrls rls m) Cdtgr-Ic Cdtgr-Icrl rl Mdmnyscs Mdmnyscs : Ubgd icdmdacmn mdmnyscs ki twk kr lkrg aklpmdcgs kr icrls mrg mdmnyzgh mdh aklpmrgh kvgr m dulogr ki maakudtcde pgrckh, ct cs amnngh cdtgr-icrl mdmnyscs.

  o) Cdtrm -Icrl Mdmnyscs : cdtrm-icrl mdmnyscs cs akdagrdgh wctb tbg mdmnyscs ki icdmdacmn pgrikrlmdag ki hciigrgdt udcts kr hgpmrtlgdts kr sgelgdts ki tbg smlg gdtgrprcsg kr aklpmdy. Qclcnmrny wbgd icdmdacmn stmtglgdts ki twk kr lkrg ygmrs ki tbg smlg icrl mrg mdmnyzgh mdh aklpmrgh ct cs mnsk amnngh ms cdtrm-icrl mdmnyscs.

8. Kd Xbg Oms Omscs cs K Kii K Kojga ojgatcv tcvgs gs m) Maakudtcde Mdmnyscs: Maakudtcde mdmnyscs cs mdmnyscs ki pmst icdmdacmn  pgrikrlmdag mdh cdvknvgs cdv knvgs gxmlcdcde bkw egdgrmnny egdg rmnny maagptgh maakudtcde maakud tcde prcdacpngs mdh akdvgdtckds bmvg oggd mppncgh cd mrrcvcde mt tbg vmnugs ki mssgts, ncmocnctcgs, rgvgdugs mdh gxpgdsgs.

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 o) Vrkspgatcvg Mdmnyscs : Vrkspgatcvg mdmnyscs cdvknvgs hgvgnkpcde ikrgamstgh icdmdacmn stmtglgdts `ggpcde cd vcgw tbg abmdegs tbmt mrg nc`gny tk sbmpg mdh miigat tbg  ouscdgss ecvgd tbg mssulptckds mokut tbgsg tbgs g abmdegs mdh tbg nclctmtckd ki tbg ikrgamstcde tgabdcqug usgh. Xbcs cs quctg aklpncamtgh mdmnyscs.

Lgtbkhs/Xkkns Ki Icdmdacmn Mdmnyscs M dulogr ki lgtbkhs amd og usgh ikr tbg purpksg ki mdmnyscs ki icdmdacmn stmtglgdts. Xbgsg mrg mnsk tgrlgh ms tgabdcqugs kr tkkns ki icdmdacmn mdmnyscs. Kut ki tbgsg, mdh gdtgrprcsg amd abkksg tbksg tgabdcqugs wbcab mrg suctmong tk cts rgqucrglgdts. Xbg  prcdacpmn tgabdcqugs tgabdcqu gs ki icdmdacmn mdmnyscs mdmny scs mrg:m.  o. a. h. g. i. e.

Aklp Aklpmrm mrmtc tcvg vg icdmda icdmdacm cmnn stmt stmtgl glgdt gdtss Akllkd-sczg stmtglgdts Xrgdh rgdh mdmn mdmnys yscs cs _mtck mtck mdmn mdmnys yscs cs Iudh Iudhss inkw inkw mdmn mdmnys yscs cs Amsb msb ink inkw w mdmn mdmnys yscs cs Orgm` Orgm` gv gvgd gd pk pkcdt cdt mdmnys mdmnyscs cs

 m. Aklpmrmtcvg Icdmdacmn

Qtmtglgdt Qtmtglgdts: s:

Ubgd icdmdacmn stmtglgdts iceurgs ikr twk kr lktg ygmrs mrg pnmagh schg-schg tk imacnctmtg aklpmrcskd, tbgsg mrg amnngh ‒aklpmrmtcvg Icdmdacmn Qtmtglgdts–. Quab stmtglgdts dkt kdny sbkw tbg mosknutg iceurgs ki vmrckus ygmrs out mnsk prkvchg ikr aknulds tk cdhcamtg tk cdargmsg krt hgargmsg cd tbgsg iceurgs irkl kdg ygmr tk mdktbgr. Cd mhhctckd, tbgsg stmtglgdts lmy mnsk sbkw tbg abmdeg irkl kdg ygmr tk mdktbgr kd  pgragdtmeg ikrl. Quab akkpgrmtcvg akk pgrmtcvg stmtglgdts mrg ki k i ergmt vmnug cd ikrlcde tbg kpcdckd rgemrhcde tbg prkergss ki tbg gdtgrprcsg. Kojgatcvgs purpksg kr scedcicamdag ki aklpmrmtcvg icdmdacmn stmtglgdts =.Xk sclpnciy hmtm

?.Xk lm`g cdtgr pgrckh/cdtgr-icrl aklpmrcskd 1.Xk cdhcamtg tbg trgdhs 8.Xk gdmong ikrgamstcde 7.Xk cdhcamtg tbg strgdetbs mdh wgm`dgssgs ki tbg icrl 9.Xk aklpmrg tbg pgrikrlmdag 5.Xk mdmnysg gxpgdsgs 2.Xk mdmnysg prkicts

Xkkns ikr aklpmrcskd ki icdmdacmn stmtglgdts Aklpmrmtcvg icdmdacmn stmtglgdt cs m tkkn ki icdmdacmn mdmnyscs tbmt hgpcats abmdeg cd gmab ctgl ki tbg icdmdacmn stmtglgdt cd oktb mosknutg mlkudt mdh pgragdtmeg tgrl, tm`cde tbg ctgl cd prgaghcde maakudtcde pgrckh ms omsg. Aklpmrcskd mdh mdmnyscs ki icdmdacmn stmtglgdts lmy og amrrcgh kut uscde tbg iknnkwcde tkkns: 83

 

=.Aklpmrmtcvg Omnmdag Qbggt : Xbg aklpmrmtcvg omnmdag sbggt sbkws cdargmsg mdh hgargmsg cd mosknutg tgrls ms wgnn ms pgragdtmegs ,cd vmrckus mssgts ,ncmocnctcgs mdh ampctmn. M aklpmrmtcvg mdmnyscs ki omnmdag sbggts ki twk pgrckhs prkvchgs cdikrlmtckd rgemrhcde prkergss ki tbg ouscdgss icrl. Xbg lmcd purpksg ki aklpmrmtcvg omnmdag sbggt cs tk lgmsurg tbg sbkrt- tgrl mdh nkde-tgrl sknvgday pksctckd ki tbg ouscdgss. ?. Aklpmrmtcvg Cdaklg Qtmtglgdt : Aklpmrmtcvg cdaklg stmtglgdt cs prgpmrgh oy tm`cde iceurgs ki twk kr lkrg tbmd twk maakudtcde pgrckhs,tk gdmong tbg mdmnyst tk bmvg hgicdctg `dkwngheg mokut tbg prkergss ki tbg ouscdgss.Aklpmrtmtcvg cdaklg stmtglgdts imacnctmtg tbg bkrczkdtmn mdmnyscs scdag gmab maakudtcde vmrcmong cs mdmnysgh bkrczkdtmnny. o. Akllkd- Qczg Qtmtglgdts: Akllkd sczg stmtglgdts mrg suab stmtglgdts cd wbcab tbg ctgls ki icdmdacmn stmtglgdts mrg akvgrgh cdtk pgragdtmeg ki akllkd omsg. Cd akllkd-sczg cdaklg stmtglgdt, oy mssulcde dgt smngs ms =66(c.g %)mdh ktbgr cdhcvchumn ctgls mrg akdvgrtgh ms pgragdtmeg ki tbcs. Qclcnmrny, cd akllkd ‑sczg omnmdag sbggt ,tktmn mssgts mrg mssulgh tk og =66 (c.g %) mdh cdhcvchumn mssgts mrg gxprgssgh ms pgragdtmeg.

Kojgatcvgs ki akllkd sczg stmtglgdts

=. Vrgs Vrgsgd gdtc tcde de tb tbgg ab abmd mdeg eg cd vm vmrc rcku kuss ctgl ctglss cd rg rgnm nmtc tckd kd tk tktm tktmnn mssg mssgts ts kr tktm tktmnn ncmocnctcgs kr dgt smngs. ?. Gs Gstm tmonc oncsbc sbcde de m rgnm rgnmtc tckds kdsbc bcp. p. 1. Vrkvchc Vrkvchcde de m akllkd akllkd omsg ikr aklpmrc aklpmrcskd. skd.

Xypgs ki akllkd sczg stmtglgdts

=. Akllkd-Qczg Omnmdag Qbggt : M akllkd ‑sczg omnmdag sbggt cs m stmtglgdt stmtglgdt cd wbcab tktmn ki mssgts kr ncmocnctcgs cs mssulgh tk og gqumn tk =66 mdh mnn tbg iceurgs mrg gxprgssgh ms pgragdtmeg ki tbg tktmn. Xbmt cs wby ct cs `dkwd ms  pgragdtmeg omnmdag sbggt. Akllkd-sczg omnmdag sbggt imacnctmtg tbg vgrtcamn mdmnyscs scdag gmab ctgl ki  tbg Omnmdag Qbggt cs mdmnyzgh vgrtcamnny. ?. Akll Akllkd kd-Q -Qcz czgg Cdak Cdaklg lg Qtmt Qtmtgl glgd gdtt: Ak Akll llkdkd-sc sczg zg cdakl cdaklgg stmtg stmtglg lgdt dt cs m stmtglgdt cd wbcab tbg iceurgs ki dgt smngs cs mssulgh tk og gqumn tk =66 mdh mnn ktbgr iceurgs ki „prkict mdh nkss M/a“ mrg gxprgssgh ms pgragdtmeg ki dgt smngs.t smng s.tbcs bcs stmtglg stmtglgdt dt imacnct imacnctmtg mtg tbg vgrtcam vgrtcamnn mdmnyscs mdmnyscsss scdag scdag gmab gmab maakudt maakudtcde cde vmrcm vmr cmong ong cs mdmnyz mdmnyzgh gh vgrtc vgrtcamn amnny ny.. Kdg Kdg amd hrmw hrmw akdanu akdanusck sckd, d, rgemrh rgemrhcde cde tbg tbg  ogbmvckur ki gxpgdsgs gxpgd sgs kvgr pgrckh ki tclg oy gxmlcdcde gx mlcdcde tbgsg pgragdtmeg pgragdtmegs. s.

76

 

a. Xrgdh Mdmnyscs:   Xrgdh pgragdtmeg mrg vgry usgiun cs lm`cde aklpmrmtcvg stuhy ki tbg icdmdacmn stmtglgdts ikr m dulogr ki ygmrs. Xbgsg cdhcamtg tbg hcrgatckd ki lkvglgdt kvgr m nkde tcdg mdh bgnp md mdmnyst ki icdmdacmn stmtglgdts tk ikrl md kpcdckd ms tk wbgtbgr imvkrmong kr udimvkrmong tgdhgdacgs bmvg hgvgnkpgh. Xbcs bgnps cd iuturg ikrgamsts ki vmrckus ctgls. Ikr amnaunmtcde trgdh pgragdtmegs mdy ygmr lmy og tm`gd ms tbg ‒omsg ygmr–. Gmab ctgl ki ogmsg ygmr cs mssulgh tk og gqumn tk =66 mdh kd tbmt omscs tbg  pgragdtmeg ki ctgl ki gmab gma b ygmr amnaunmtgh.

h. _mtck Mdmnyscs: Lgmdcde : Mosknutg iceurgs gxprgssgh cd icdmdacmn stmtglgdts oy tbglsgnvgs mrg lgmdcdeiundgss. Xbgsg iceurgs kitgd hk dkt akdvgy luab lgmdcde udngss gxprgssgh cd rgnmtckd tk ktbgr  iceurgs. Xbus, ct amd og smym tbmt tbg rgnmtckdsbcp ogtwggd twk iceurgs, gxprgssgh cd mrctblgtcamn tgrls cs amnngh rmtck.

„Maakrhcde tk _.D. Mdtbkdy.“ „M rmtck cs sclpny kdg dulogr gxprgssgh cd tgrls ki  mdktbgr. Ct cs ikudh oy hcvchcde kdg dulogr cdtk tbg ktbgr.“

   

XSVGQ KI _MXCKQ =. ?. 1. 8.

Vrkpkrtc Vrkpkrtckd kd kr Vurg Vurg _mtck _mtck kr kr Qclpn Qclpngg rmtck. rmtck. _mtg _mtg kr ssk k lmd lmdy y Xcl Xclgs gs.. Vgragd gdttmeg Irmatckd.

KOJGAXQ MDH MHYMDXMEGQ K_ WQGQ KI _MXCK MDMNSQCQ

=. ?. 1. 8.

Bgnpiun Bgnpiun cd cd mdmnysc mdmnyscss ki icdmda icdmdacmn cmn stmt stmtglg glgdts. dts. Qclpnci Qclpncicamt camtckd ckd ki maakudt maakudtcde cde hmtm. hmtm. Bgnpi Bgnpiun un cd cd aklp aklpmrm mrmtc tcvg vg stuhy stuhy.. Bgnpiun Bgnpiun cd cd nkamtcd nkamtcde e tbg wgm` wgm` spkts spkts ki tbg tbg ouscdgss ouscdgss..

7. Gstclm Bgnpi Bgnpiun untgcdmokut ikrga ikrgamst mstcd cde e h ki tbg ouscdgss 9. Gst clmtg mokut tbg trgdh trgd ouscdgss 5. Ic Icxm xmtc tckd kd ki ki chgm chgmnn stmdh stmdhmr mrhs hs 7=

 

2. Giig Giigat atcv cvgg akdt akdtrk rknn 3. Qtuhy ki icdmdacmn skudhdgss. NCLCXMXCKD KI _MXCK MDMNSQCQ

=. Imnsg Imnsg maaku maakudtc dtcde de hmtm hmtm ecvgs ecvgs imnsg imnsg rmtck rmtckss ?. Aklpmrc Aklpmrcskds skds dkt pkssc pksscong ong ki hciigrg hciigrgdt dt icrls icrls mhkpt hciigrg hciigrgdt dt 1. Maak Maakud udtc tcde de pknc pkncac acgs gs.. 8. _mt mdmnyscs ogakl ogaklgs gs ngss ngss giigatcvg giigatcvg hug hug tk prcag prcag ngvgn ngvgn 7. _mtck abmck degmdmnyscs 9. _mtcks _mtcks lmy lmy og lcsngmh lcsngmhcde cde cd tbg tbg mosgdag mosgdag ki ki mosknutg mosknutg hmtm hmtm.. 5. Nclc Nclctgh tgh usg usg ki ki m scden scdengg _mtc _mtck. k. 2. Ucdh Ucdhkw kw-H -Hrg rgss sscd cde e 3. Nma` Nma` ki prkpgr prkpgr stmdh stmdhmr mrhs. hs. =6. _mtck mnkdg mrg dkt mhgqumtg mhgqumtg ikr prkpgr akdanusckds akdanusckds ==. Giigat ki pgrskdmn pgrskdmn mocncty mdh ocms ki tbg mdmnyst. mdmnyst.

ANMQQCICAMXCKD KI _MXCKQ Cd vcgw ki tbg icdmdacmn lmdmeglgdt kr maakrhcde tk tbg tgsts smtcsicgh, vmrckus rmtcks bmvg oggd anmsscicghs ms ognkw: Ncquchcty _mtcks : Xbgsg mrg tbg rmtcks wbcab lgmsurg tbg sbkrt-tgrl sknvgday kr icdmdacmn pksctckd ki m icrl. Xbgsg rmtcks mrg amnaunmtgh tk akllgdt upkd tbg sbkrttgrl pmycde ampmacty ki m akdagrd kr tbg icrl–s mocncty tk lggt cts aurrgdt koncemtckds. Nkde ‑Xgrl Qknvgday mdh Ngvgrmeg _mtcks  : Nkde-tgrl sknvgday rmtcks akdvgy m icrl–s mocncty tk lggt tbg cdtgrgst akst mdh rgpmylgdt sabghungs ki cts nkde-tgrl koncemtckd g.e. Hgoct Gqucty _mtck mdh Cdtgrgst Akvgrmeg _mtckd. Ngvgrmeg _mtcks. Matcvcty _mtcks: Matcvcty rmtcks mrg amnaunmtgh tk lgmsurg tbg giicacgday wctb wbcab tbg rgskurag ki m icrl bmvg oggd glpnkygh. Xbgsg rmtcks mrg mnsk amnngh turdkvgr rmtcks  ogamusg tbgy cdhcamtg cdhca mtg tbg spggh wctb wbcab mssgts mr mrgg ogcde turdgh kvgr cdtk smngs g.e. hgotkrs turdkvgr rmtck. Vrkictmoncty _mtcks: lgmsurg tbg rgsunts ouscdgss kpgrmtckds kvgrmnn  pgrikrlmdag mdh giigatcvg giigXbgsg atcvg kirmtcks tbg icrl g.e. erkss prkictki rmtck, kpgrmtcde rmtck krkram ampctmn pctmn glpnkygh. Egdgrmnny, twk typgs ki prkictmocncty rmtcks mrg amnaunmtgh. (m) Cd rgnmtckd tk Qmngs, mdh (o)Cd rgnmtckd cd Cdvgstlgdt

IWDAXCKDMN ANMQQCICAMXCKD ANMQQCICAMXCKD CD YCGU KI ICDMDACMN LMDMEGLGDX K_ ANMQQCICAMXCKD ANMQQCICAMXCKD MAAK_HCDE XK XGQXQ 7?

 

Ncquchcty _mtcks

Nkde-tgrl Qknvgday mdh Ngvgrmeg _mtcks

Matc atcvc vcty ty _m _mtc tcks ks

Vrk rkic ictm tmoc ocnnct cty y _mtcks

-Aurrgdt _mtck

Icdmdacmn Kpgrmtcde

Cdvgdtkry Xurdkvgr

Cd _gnmtckd tk Qmngs.

-Ncquch _mtck (Mach) Xgst kr  ]uca` _mtck. -Mosknutg ncquch kr  -Amsb _mtck. -Hgotkrs Xurdkvgr _mtck -Arghctkrs Xurdkvgr  _mtck -Cdvgdtkry Xurdkvgr rmtck

Aklpksctg -Hgot. Gqucty _mtck -Hgot tk Xktmn Ampctmn _mtck -Cdtgrgst Akvgrmeg _mtck -Ampctmn Egmrcde _mtck

_mtck. Hgotkrs Xurdkvgr _mtck Icxgh Mssgts Xurdkvgr _mtck Xktmn Mssgt Xurdkvgr  _mtck Ukr`cde Ampctmn Xurdkvgr _mtck. Vmymongs Xurdkvgr _mtck Ampctmn Glpnkygh Xurdkvgr _mtck

Erkss Vrkict _mtck. Kpgrmtcde _mtck. Kpgrmtcde Vrkict _mtck.  Dgt Vrkict _mtck. Gxpgdsgs _mtck Cd rgnmtckd tk cdvgstlgdts _gturd kd Cdvgstlgdts. _gturd kd ampctmn. _gturd kd Gqucty Ampctmn. _gturd kd tktmn _gskurags Gmrdcde pgr sbmrg. Vrcag Gmrdcde _mtck.

AMQB-INKU QXMXGLGDX M amsb ‑ inkw stmtglgdt cs m stmtglgdt sbkwcde cdinkws (rgagcpts) mdh kutinkws (pmylgdts) ki amsb hurcde m pmrtcaunmr pgrckh. Cd ktbgr wkrhs, ct cs m sullmry ki skurags mdh mppncamtckds ki gmab hurcde m pmrtcaunmr spmd ki  tclg.

Kojgatcvgs ki Amsb Inkw Qtmtglgdt : =. ?. 1. 8. 7. 9. 5.

Wsgiun Wsgiun ikr ikr Qbkrt-X Qbkrt-Xgrl grl Icdmd Icdmdacmn acmn Vnmd Vnmddcde dcde.. Wsgiun Wsgiun cd Vrgpm Vrgpmrcde rcde tbg Amsb Amsb Ouheg Ouhegt. t. Aklp Aklpmrc mrcskd skd w wct ctb b tbg Amsb Amsb Ouhe Ouhegt gt.. Qtuhy Qtuhy ki tbg tbg Xrgdh Xrgdh ki Amsb Amsb _gagcpt _gagcptss mdh Vmyl Vmylgdts gdts.. Ct gxpnmc gxpnmcds ds tbg Hgvc Hgvcmtc mtckds kds ki Amsb Amsb irkl irkl Gmrdcd Gmrdcdes. es. Bgnpiun Bgnpiun cd Msagrt Msagrtmcdc mcdcde de Amsb Inkw Inkw irkl vmrcku vmrckuss Qgpmrmtg Qgpmrmtgny. ny. Bgnpiun Bgnpiun cd Lm`cde Lm`cde Hcvchgd Hcvchgdh h Hgacs Hgacsckds ckds..

71

 

Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm Akdsknchmtgh Omnmdag Qbggt  

Lmr ‒?=

Lmr ‒?6

L m r ‒= 3

L m r ‒= 2

L m r ‒= 5

 

=? ltbs

=? ltbs

=? ltbs

=? ltbs

=? ltbs

Xktmn Qbmrg Ampctmn

928.61

95=.68

917.66

918.22

918.22

Gqucty Qbmrg Ampctmn

928.61

95=.68

917.66

918.22

918.22

Qbmrg Mppncamtckd Lkdgy

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

Vrgigrgdag Qbmrg Ampctmn

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

Cdct. Akdtrcoutckd Qgttngr

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

Vrgigrgdag Qbmrg Mppncamtckd   Lkdgy

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

Glpnkygg Qtka` Kpctkd

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

=?8,182.33

=67,772.35

2 2? ?,219.?7

2 2? ?,766.56

5 5= =,577.7=

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

=?7,611.6?

=69,?16.6=

21,85=.?7

21,=17.72

5?,136.13

Ampctmn mdh Ncmocnctcgs:

_gsgrvgs _gvmnumtckd _gsgrvgs Dgt Ukrtb

Hgpkscts

=,9?5,86?.9= =,8=8,923.86 =,?77,79?.82 =,==9,898.79 =,6==,322.11

Okrrkwcdes Xktmn Hgot

?61,5?1.?6 =75,33=.19 =8?,856.55 =??,658.75 98,73=.98 =,21=,=?7.2= =,75?,926.59 =,132,611.?7 =,?12,713.=1 =,659,753.35

Lcdkrcty Cdtgrgst

8,?71.29

1,5?7.95

?,355.=5

?,91=.?5

?,??2.?5

Vkncay Bknhgrs Iudhs

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

Erkup Qbmrg cd Jkcdt Ygdturg

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

Kt Ktbg bgrr Ncmo Ncmocn cnct ctcg cgs s & Vr Vrkv kvcs csck ckds ds

=5?, =5?,58 587. 7.97 97

=85, =85,1= 1=3. 3.51 51

=91, =91,8= 8=9. 9.72 72

=?7, =?7,21 215. 5.35 35

=71, =71,9? 9?5. 5.=6 =6

Xktmn Ncmocnctcgs  

?,=11,=72.18 =,2?3,379.=5 =,985,232.?7 =,876,=81.37 =,168,2?7.51 Lmr ‒?=

Lmr ‒?6

L m r ‒= 3

L m r ‒= 2

L m r ‒= 5

Amsb msb & Om Omnm nmda dags gs wct ctb b _OC

23,7 23,758 58.6 .61 1

53,=3 3,=33. 3.?= ?=

==3, ==3,18 183. 3.21 21

2?,= 2?,=37 37.7 .72 2

58,= 58,=9 9=.65 =.65

Omnmdag wctb Omd`s, Lkdgy mt   Amnn

77,9 77,971 71.9 .93 3

82,13 2,13=. =.9? 9?

17,3 17,355 55.9 .9? ?

13,9 13,971 71.8 .8? ?

7=,= 7=,=6 66.91 6.91

=,13?,962.61 =,=91,956.?= =,669,86=.77 7=3,131.=3 896,383.=8 8=3,699.87

293,76=.98 86?,578.=1

576,19?.12 15?,?1=.87

Mssgts

Mhvmdags Cdvgstlgdts

Erkss Onka`

2,931.76

5,6?9.95

9,=8=.=1

= =7 7,229.37

= =8 8,691.39

6.66

6.66

6.66

=6,173.63

3,=?5.?3

2 ,9 3 1 .7 6

5 ,6 ? 9 .9 5

9,=8=.=1

7,7?5.29

8,319.95

959.81

12=.16

187.56

829.61

?29.2=

99,773.89

56,112.61

96,9=7.39

76,6?7.16

7=,589.51

Lcdkrcty Cdtgrgst

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

Erkup Qbmrg cd Jkcdt Ygdturg

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

 Maaulunmtgh Hgprgacmtckd Dgt Onka`

Ampctmn Ukr` Cd Vrkergss Ktbgr Mssgts

Xktmn Mssgts

?,=11,=72.11 =,2?3,379.=2 =,985,232.?8 =,876,=81.39 =,168,2?7.58

Ak Akdt dtcd cdeg egdt dt Ncmo Ncmocn cnct ctcg cgs s

=,=1 =,=19, 9,93 936. 6.?5 ?5 =,6= =,6=5, 5,79 797. 7.77 77

Ocnns ikr aknngatckd Okk` Ymnug (_s)

6.66 =,2?5.22

6.66 =,721.67

78

3?=, 3?=,9? 9?=. =.69 69

779, 779,95 957. 7.16 16

518, 518,38 381. 1.56 56

6.66 =,1=8.7=

=35,=62.=1 =,163.89

=57,955.9= =,=86.??

 

Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm Qtmdhmnkdg Vrkict & Nkss maakudt

------------------- cd _s. Ar. -------------------

 

L m r ‒? =

L m r ‒? 6

Lmr ‒=3

L m r ‒= 2

L m r ‒= 5

 

=? ltbs

=? ltbs

=? ltbs

=? ltbs

=? ltbs

==3,975.=6

=69,7?=.87

2=,138.19

56,331.3?

91,522.81

Ktbgr Cdaklg

=9,618.28

=8,17=.87

=8,316.8?

=8,392.=7

=?,93=.17

Xktmn Cdaklg

=17,93=.38

=?6,25?.36

39,1?8.52

27,39?.65

59,853.52

Cdtgrgst gxpgdhgh

57,1?7.26

91,?16.15

82,295.39

85,1??.82

8?,3=7.?3

Glpnkygg Akst

=2,126.36

=9,358.68

=7,?==.9?

=?,578.97

3 3,,585.1=

6.66

6.66

6.66

5,232.?1

7,=??.69

=,=13.9= ?9,586.97

=,665.=5 ?5,378.61

336.76 ?1,228.15

31?.99 5,222.66

591.=8 2,2=6.57

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

Kpgrmtcde Gxpgdsgs

?3,?28.8?

?9,692.33

?1,6=7.88

?8,38=.6=

=2,=?1.99

Vrkvcsckds & Akdtcdegdacgs cgs

=9,359.58

=3,299.?7

=5,65=.67

8,71?.71

9,1=3.96

=?=,729.39

=63,=97.9=

22,378.87

59,539.6?

95,172.77

L m r ‒? =

L m r ‒? 6

Lmr ‒=3

L m r ‒= 2

L m r ‒= 5

=8,=68.32

==,565.?3

5 ,1 5 6 .1 7

3,=99.67

3,=?=.?1

Gxtrmkrhckdmry Ctgls

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

Vrkict orkuebt ikrwmrh

6.18

9.67

6.18

6.18

6.18

=8,=67.1?

==,5=1.18

5 ,1 5 6 .9 3

3,=99.13

3,=?=.75

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

6.66

?,212.58

?,182.99

=,367.66

=,368.97

=,28=.=7

157.37

?39.83

?89.7?

?19.59

?82.61

Gmrdcde Vgr Qbmrg (_s)

? 6 9 .? 6

=58.89

= = 9 .6 5

=88.15

=81.95

Gqucty Hcvchgdh (%)

8=7.66

176.66

166.66

166.66

?36.66

=,887.96

=,?7=.67

= =,,6?1.86

= =,,612.59

3=?.51

=6,2 =6,236 36.? .?3 3

3,69 3,695. 5.27 27

7,?= 7,?=2. 2.21 21

9,8 9,837 37.= .=8 8

9,5? 9,5?7. 7.=7 =7

6.66

6.66

6.66

7?3.76

169.36

1,?= 1,?=8. 8.93 93

?,98 ?,987. 7.=7 =7

?,=7 ?,=7=. =.7? 7?

?,=8 ?,=8=. =.8= 8=

?,62 ?,623. 3.=2 =2

6.18

6.18

6.18

6.18

6.18

=8,=67.1?

==,5=1.18

5 ,1 5 6 .9 3

3,=99.13

3,=?=.75

Cdaklg

Cdtgrgst Gmrdgh

Gxpgdhcturg

Qgnncde mdh Mhlcd Gxpgdsgs Hgprgacmtckd Lcsagnnmdgkus Gxpgdsgs Vrgkpgrmtcvg Gxp Ampctmncsgh

Xktmn Gxpgdsgs  

Dgt Vrkict ikr tbg Sgmr

Xktmn

Vrgigrgdag Hcvchgdh Gqucty Hcvchgdh Akrpkrmtg Hcvchgdh Xmx Vgr sbmrg hmtm (mddumncsgh)

Okk` Ymnug (_s) Mpprkprcmtckds

Xrm rmds dsig igrr tk Qt Qtmt mtut utkr kry y _gsgr gsgrv vgs Xrmdsigr tk Ktbgr _gsgrvgs Vrkp Vrkpks ksgh gh Hcvc Hcvchg hgdh dh/X /Xrm rmds dsig igrr tk Ekvt Ekvt Omnmdag a/i tk Omnmdag Qbggt Xktmn

77

 

Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm Amsb Inkw

------------------- cd _s. Ar. -------------------

 

L m r ‒? =

L m r ‒? 6

L m r ‒= 3

L m r ‒= 2

L m r ‒= 5

 

=? ltbs

=? ltbs

=? ltbs

=? ltbs

=? ltbs

Dgt Vrkict Ogikrg Xmx

=3376.36

=2821.1=

=8378.?1

=13?9.=6

=8=26.98

Dg Dgtt Am Amsb sb Irkl Irkl Kpgr Kpgrmt mtcd cde e Matc Matcvc vctc tcgs gs

?=99 ?=99=. =.?1 ?1 -?28 -?2892 92.7 .73 3

18?2 18?2?. ?.?5 ?5

-= -=26 268. 8.33 33

?385 ?3853. 3.51 51

Dgt Amsb (usgh cd)/irkl Cdvgstcde Matcvctcgs   Dgt Amsb (usgh cd)/irkl Icdmdacde    Matcvctcgs

-= -=33 333. 3.8= 8=

-=98 -=982. 2.79 79

-= -=?8 ?87. 7.?2 ?2

-= -=59 59=. =.7? 7?

-= -=97 97=. =.31 31

-1?73.5?

?=85.99

?675.==

-1173.95

7635.12

Dgt (hgargmsg)/cdargmsg Cd Amsb mdh Amsb Gqucvmngdts

=5975.66

-?757?.86

17613.18

-93?9.=2

1?3?7.=2

Kp Kpgd gdcd cde e Amsb Amsb & Am Amsb sb Gq Gquc ucvm vmng ngdt dts s

35=9 35=91. 1.=9 =9 =?? =??3= 3=7. 7.79 79

2521 25218. 8.2= 2= =61 =61== ==6. 6.6? 6?

5=85 5=852. 2.9? 9?

An Anks kscd cde e Amsb Amsb & Amsb Amsb Gquc Gqucvm vmng ngdt dts s

==82 ==82?6 ?6.= .=9 9

35=9 35=91. 1.=9 =9 =?? =??25 258. 8.=7 =7

39=2 39=21. 1.28 28 =68 =6886 861. 1.26 26

Xbcs amsb inkw stmtglgdt gxmlpng wcnn sbkw yku tbg ikrlmt mdh aklpkdgdts ki m sclpng amsb inkw stmtglgdt. Xbgrg cs m akllkd smycde cd tbg ouscdgss wkrnh: Amsb cs `cde. Xbcs smycde cs pkpunmr ogamusg amsb cs tbg ncigonkkh ki tbg ouscdgss. Uctbkut ct, kdg amddkt pmy ocnns, gxpmdh tbg ouscdgss oy purabmscde mssgts. Kdg amddkt pmy glpnkyggs. Ms tbg ouscdgss kwdgr, kdg amd't gvgd pmy kdgsgni!

Xbg amsb inkw stmtglgdt cs m stmtglgdt (rgpkrt) ki inkws (oktb cd mdh kut ki tbg  ouscdgss) ki amsb. Xbg amsb inkw stmtglgdt cs m `gy maakudtcde rgpkrt. Kdg akunh sbkw tbg lkst imdtmstca pgrikrlmdag maakrhcde tk tbg cdaklg stmtglgdt, wctb bueg prkicts, mdh ygt bmvg dktbcde ngit cd tbg omd`. Cd tbcs sctumtckd tbg ouscdgss wkunh dkt survcvg. Bkw

79

 

akunh tbcs kaaur; Ct akunh kaaur ci mnn ykur smngs bmvg oggd lmhg kd arghct. Mdh ct akunh kaaur ci mhhctckdmnny yku wgrgd't lkdctkrcde tbg amsb inkws ki ykur ouscdgss. Cd rgmn ncig tbcs gxtrglg sctumtckd wkunh rmrgny kaaur, out tbcs gxmlpng sgrvgs tk gxpnmcd tbmt tbg amsb sctumtckd ki m ouscdgss cs `gy. Mdh tbg amsb inkw stmtglgdt, wbcab sbkws us wbmt tbg ouscdgss bms oggd hkcde wctb cts amsb - prkvchgs vctmn cdikrlmtckd. Nc`g tbg rgst ki tbg icdmdacmn stmtglgdts, tbg amsb inkw stmtglgdt cs usumnny hrmwd up mddumnny, out amd og hrmwd up lkrg kitgd. Mnsk dktg tbmt ct akvgrs tbg inkws ki amsb kvgr m pgrckh ki tclg (udnc`g tbg omnmdag sbggt tbmt prkvchgs m sdmpsbkt ki tbg  ouscdgss mt m pmrtcaunmr pmrtcaunm r hmtg).

AKDQKNCHMXGH _GQWNXQ IS?= KYG_ IS?6

• Kpgrmtcde Vrkict cdargmsgh irkl _s.86,5=1 arkrgs cd IS?6 tk _s.86,3?? _s.86,3?? arkrgs cd IS?=. • Dgt Vrkict (mitgr lcdkrcty cdtgrgst) cdargmsgh irkl _s.=7,181 _s.=7,181 arkrgs cd IS?6 tk _s.=5,3=9 arkrgs cd IS?= (SKS erkwtb =9.55%). • Gmrdcde pgr Qbmrg cdargmsgh oy =6.7% irkl _s.?8? cd IS?6 IS?6 tk _s.?95 _s.?95 cd IS?=. QOC QXMDH MNKDG _GQWNXQ BCEBNCEBXQ • Dgt Vrkict cdargmsgh irkl _s.==,565 arkrgs cd IS?6 tk _s.=8,=67 arkrgs cd IS?= (?6.82% SKS erkwtb).

• Aulunmtcvg Hklgstca Dgt Cdtgrgst Lmrecd akdtcdugs tk og bgmntby mt 1.99%. • AMQM mt 89.76%, Qmvcde Omd` Hgpkscts arkss _s. 8 nm`b arkrgs.

V_KICXMOCNCXS IS?= KYG_ IS?6 • Xktmn Cdtgrgst Cdaklg cdargmsgh irkl _s =,69,7?= arkrgs cd IS?6 tk

75

 

_s =,=3,975 arkrgs cd IS?= (=?.11%SKS erkwtb). • Cdtgrgst Cdaklg kd Mhvmdags cdargmsgh irkl _s.2=,652 arkrgs cd IS?6 tk _s. 36,715 arkrgs cd IS?= (==.95%SKS erkwtb). • Cdtgrgst Cdaklg kd _gskurag _gskurag Kpgrmtckds cdargmsgh irkl _s.?8,166 arkrgs cd IS?6 tk _s.?5,589 arkrgs cd IS?= (=8.=2%SKS erkwtb). • Xktmn Cdtgrgst Gxpgdsgs cdargmsgh irkl _s.91,?16 arkrgs cd IS?6 tk _s.57,1?9 arkrgs cd IS?= (=3.=1%SKS erkwtb). • Cdtgrgst Gxpgdsgs kd Hgpkscts cdargmsgh irkl _s.77,988 arkrgs cd IS?6 tk _s. 95,897 arkrgs cd IS?= (?=.?8%SKS erkwtb). • Kpgrmtcde Gxpgdsgs cdargmsgh irkl _s.?9,693 arkrgs cd IS?6 tk _s.?3,?28 arkrgs cd IS?= (=?.11%SKS erkwtb). • Qtmii Gxpgdsgs cdargmsgh irkl _s.=9,358 arkrgs cd IS?6 tk _s.=2,12= arkrgs cd IS?= (2.?3%SKS erkwtb). • Kpgrmtcde Vrkict cs mt _s.1=,62? arkrgs cd IS?=. • Dgt Vrkict cdargmsgh irkl _s.==,565 arkrgs cd IS?6 tk _s.=8,=67 arkrgs cd IS?= (?6.82% SKS erkwtb). ]8IS?= KYG_ ]8IS?6 • Cdtgrgst Cdaklg kd Mhvmdags cdargmsgh irkl _s.??,=8= arkrgs cd ]8IS?6 tk _s.?1,698 arkrgs cd ]8IS?= (8.=5%SKS erkwtb). • Cdtgrgst Cdaklg kd _gskurags Kpgrmtckds cdargmsgh irkl _s.9,=38 arkrgs cd ]8IS?6 tk _s.5,?6= arkrgs cd ]8IS?= (=9.?9%SKS erkwtb).

• Cdtgrgst pmch kd hgpkscts cdargmsgh irkl _s.=8,2?? arkrgs cd ]8IS?6 tk _s.=5,8=5 arkrgs cd ]8IS?= (=5.7= %SKS erkwtb). • Dkd-Cdtgrgst Cdaklg cdargmsgh irkl _s.7,155 arkrgs cd ]8IS?6 tk _s.7,785 arkrgs cd ]8IS?= (1.=9%SKS erkwtb). • Qtmii Gxpgdsgs cdargmsgh irkl _s.8,583 arkrgs cd ]8IS?6 tk _s.7,9=? _s.7,9=? arkrgs cd ]8IS?= (=2.=2%SKS erkwtb). 72

 

• Kpgrmtcde Vrkict cs mt _s.5,59= arkrgs.   HGVKQCXQ

• Hgpkscts ki tbg Omd` cdargmsgh irkl _s =6,81,985 arkrgs cd Lmr ?6 tk _s.=?,6?,586 arkrgs cd Lmr ?=, m erkwtb ki =7.?8%.

• Qmvcdes Omd` Hgpkscts cdargmsgh irkl _s.1,73,285 arkrgs cd Lmr ?6 tk _s.8,=8,365 arkrgs cd Lmr ?= (=7.16% SKS erkwtb). MHYMDAGQ • Erkss Mhvmdags cdargmsgh irkl _s 2,31,9=1 arkrgs cd Lmr ?6tk _s =6,52,775 arkrgs cd Lmr ?= (?6.56% SKS erkwtb). • Arghct Hgpksct _mtck (Hklgstca) cdargmsgh irkl 52.7=% cd Lmr ?6tk 2?.8?% cd Lmr ?=, md cdargmsg ki 13= ops. • Nmreg Akrpkrmtg Mhvmdags Mhvmdags cdargmsgh irkl _s =,?7,186 arkrgs cd Lmr Lmr ?6tk _s. =,57,21= arkrgs cd Lmr ?= (86.?2% SKS erkwtb). • Lch-Akrpkrmtg Mhvmdags cdargmsgh irkl _s =,51,12= arkrgs cd Lmr ?6tk _s.?,68,271 arkrgs cd Lmr ?= (=2.=7% SKS erkwtb). • _gtmcn Mhvmdags cdargmsgh irkl _s.=,2?,8?5 arkrgs cd Lmr =? tk _s ?,63,938 arkrgs cd Lmr ?= (=8.37 % SKS erkwtb). • Bklg nkmds cdargmsgh irkl _s =,6?,513 arkrgs cd Lmr ?6tk _s =,=3,895 arkrgs cd Lmr ?= (=9.?2% SKS erkwtb).

Mutk Nkmds cdargmsgh oy 17.85% 17.85 % SKS irkl i rkl _s.=2,169 arkrgs tk _s.?8,266 arkrgs mdh Ghuamtckd Nkmds cdargmsgh oy _s.=?,799 arkrgs tk _s.=1,57= arkrgs. 3.81% SKS irkl • QLG QLG Mhv Mhvmd mdag agss cda cdarg rgms msgh gh ir irkl kl _s. _s. = =,9 ,91, 1,58 587 7 ark arkrg rgss ccd d Lmr Lmr ?6 ?6tk tk _s.= _s.=,2 ,28, 8,=? =?2 2 arkrgs cd Lmr ?= (=?.87%SKS erkwtb). • Hcrgat Merc Mhvmdags cdargmsgh irkl i rkl _s.29,?2= arkrgs cd Lmr ?6 tk _s.=,62,728 arkrgs cd Lmr ?= (?7.27% SKS SKS erkwtb). 73

 

• Cdtgrdmtckdmn Mhvmdags cdargmsgh cd argmsgh irkl _s =,17,5?8 arkrgs cd Lmr ?6 tk _s.=,93,697 arkrgs cd Lmr ?= (SKS erkwtb ki ?8.75%), wctb m WQH hgdklcdmtgh erkwtb ki =9.59%.

MQQGX ]WMNCXS: Erkss DVM (%)

Dgt DVM (%) VA_ (%)

Lmr =? 8.88

=.2?

92.=6

Judg =?

8.33

?.??

Qgp =? 7.=7

?.88

9?.52

Hga =? 7. 7.16

?.73

9=.83

Lmr ?= 8.57

?.=6

99.72

98.?3

@GS ICDMDACMN _MXCKQ (QOC):

• _gturd kd Mssgts bms cdargmsgh irkl 6.22% cd Lmr ?6tk 6.3=% cd Lmr ?=. • _gturd kd Gqucty hgargmsgh irkl =9.67% cd Lmrab ?6 tk =7.38% cd Lmr ?=. •Mvgrmeg Akst ki Hgpkscts cdargmsgh irkl 7.37% cd Lmr ?6tk 9.?3% cd Lmr ?= (18  ops SKS erkwtb). • Scgnh kd Mhvmdags hgancdgh irkl ==.67% cd Lmr ?6tk =6.78% cd Lmr ?= (7= ops SKS).

Vgrikrlmdag ki Msskacmtgs mdh Quoschcmrcgs: • Dgt Vrkict ki tbg 7 Msskacmtg Omd`s cdargmsgh irkl _s.1,9?5 arkrgs cd IS?6 tk _s.1,952 arkrgs cd IS?=. • QOC Amrhs & Vmylgdt Qgrvcags (Vvt) Nth rgecstgrgh m dgt prkict mitgr tmx ki _s.=19 arkrgs cd IS?= memcdst _s.12 arkrgs cd IS ?6 (SKS erkwtb ki ?73%). • QOC HIBC rgakrhgh m SKS erkwtb ki 2?% cd Dgt Vrkict irkl _s.88 _s.88 arkrgs (Lmr =?) tk _s.26 arkrgs (Lmr ?=). • Xbg QOC Ncig Cdsurmdag Aklpmdy Nth pkstgh m Dgt Vrkict mitgr tmx ki _s. 9?? arkrgs cd IS?=, m SKS erkwtb ki ==.38%, irkl _s.779 arkrgs cd Lmr =?.

96

 

• Xbg QOC Ampctmn Lmr`gt Nth bms pkstgh m Dgt Vrkict ki _s. ?39 arkrgs cd IS?=, IS?=, m SKS erkwtb ki =5.31% kvgr _s.?7= arkrgs cd IS ?6. • QOC Erkup Kpgrmtcde _s.86,5=1 arkrgs cd Vrkict ikr IS?= mt _s.86,3?? arkrgs cs up  oy 6.7=% irkl IS?6, wbcng Dgt Vrkict cs up mt _s.=5,3=9 arkrgs irkl _s.=7,181 arkrgs cd IS?6, m erkwtb ki =9.55%.

Vrkict Ogikrg Xmx & Vrkict Mitgr Xmx Xbg ermpb vcsumnny sbkws bkw tbg dgt prkict ki tbg aklpmdy stmdh rghuagh hug tk tbg clpmat ki Xmx.

9=

 

Xktmn Mssgts & Mssgt Xurdkvgr Xurdkvgr _mtck Xktmn Mssgts cs tbg sul ki mnn mssgts, aurrgdt mdh icxgh. Xbg mssgt turdkvgr rmtck lgmsurgs tbg mocncty ki m aklpmdy tk usg cts mssgts tk giicacgdtny egdgrmtg smngs. Xbg bcebgr tbg rmtck cdhcamtgs tbmt tbg aklpmdy cs utcnczcde mnn cts mssgts giicacgdtny tk egdgrmtg smngs. Aklpmdcgs wctb nkw prkict lmrecds tgdh tk bmvg bceb mssgt turdkvgr.

9?

 

 Dgt Cdtgrgst Cdaklg Cdaklg  Dgt Cdtgrgst Cdaklg cs tbg hciigrgdag h ciigrgdag ogtwggd cdtgrgst pmylgdts tbg aklpmdy rgagcvgs rgagcvg s kd nkmds kutstmdhcde mdh cdtgrgst pmylgdts tbg aklpmdy lm`gs tk austklgrs kd tbgcr hgpkscts.

91

 

 Dgtwkrtb  Dgtwkrtb cs tbg hciigrgdag ogtwggd o gtwggd m aklpmdy's tktmn mss mssgts gts mdh cts tktmn ncmocnctcgs. ncmocnctcgs . Ct cs mnsk `dkwd ms sbmrgbknhgrfs gqucty.

98

 

Hcvchgdh Hcvchgdh cs m pmylgdt lmhg oy m aklpmdy tk cts sbmrgbknhgrs usumnny ms m hcstrcoutckd ki prkicts. Ubgd m aklpmdy lm`gs prkict ct amd gctbgr rg-cdvgst ct cd tbg ouscdgss kr ct hcstrcoutg ct tk cts sbmrgbknhgrs oy wmy ki hcvchgdhs. Xbg hcvchgdh pmykut rmtck cs tbg mlkudt ki hcvchgdhs pmch tk sbmrgbknhgrs rgnmtcvg tk tbg mlkudt ki tktmn dgt prkict ki m aklpmdy. M rghuatckd cd hcvchgdhs pmch cs dkt mpprgacmtgh oy cdvgstkrs mdh usumnny tbg stka`  prcag lkvgs hkwd ms tbcs akunh aku nh pkcdt tkwmrhs hciicaunt hciicaun t tclgs mbgmh ikr tbg aklpmdy. Kd tbg ktbgr bmdh m stmong hcvchgdh pmykut rmtck cdhcamtgs m sknch hcvchgdh pkncay oy tbg aklpmdy's lmdmeglgdt.

97

 

Okk` Ymnug (_s) Okk` vmnug cs m aklpmdy's mssgts lcdus cts ncmocnctcgs. Cd sclpng tgrls ct wkunh og tbg mlkudt ki lkdgy tbmt m sbmrg bknhgr wkunh egt ci m aklpmdy wgrg tk ncquchmtg.

99

 

Hgpkscts & Mhvmdags Qtmdhmnkdg Hgpkscts mrg ncmocncty tk omd`s, wbcab dggh lkdgy tk ngdh. Ct cs tbg mlkudt tbmt mdy actczgd (rgschgdt kr dk-rgschgdt) `ggp wctb tbg omd` suojgat tk sklg rgeunmtkry aklpncmdag. Cd turd, omd`s pmy cdtgrgst kd hgpkscts. Ct cs akdschgrgh tbg smigst ikrl ki cdvgstlgdt. Hgpkscts mrg ki twk typgs aurrgdt mdh smvcdes hgpkscts (AMQM) ms wgnn ms tgrl hgpkscts. Mhvmdag cs tbg mlkudt tbmt omd`s ngdh tk cdhcvchumns mdh aklpmdcgs. Xbgy abmreg cdtgrgst kd nkmds. Cdtgrgst rmtgs vmry hgpgdhcde kd tbg tgrls mdh akdhctckds ki suab arghct. Omd`s rmcsg lkdgy tk ngdh tbrkueb hciigrgdt skurags nc`g hgpkscts, lkdgy lmr`gt mdh sk kd. Xbg hciigrgdag ogtwggd arghct mdh hgpkscts, cs gxprgssgh ms AH rmtck cd omd`cde  pmrnmdag. Dgctbgr md gxtrglg gx trglg nkwgr dkr bcebgr AH rmtck cs ekk ekkh h ikr omd`s. Egdgrmnny, m bceb AH rmtck lgmds arghct erkwtb cs bcebgr tbmd hgpksct erkwtb. Mntgrdmtcvgny, ct mnsk sueegsts, omd`s lmy og bcrcde lkrg irkl hgot lmr`gt tbmd hgpkscts. M nkwgr AH rmtck lgmds, hgpksct erkwtb cs bcebgr tbmd arghct gxpmdsckd.

95

 

Ampctmn Mhgqumay _mtck Ampctmn Mhgqumay _mtck (AM_) cs tbg lgmsurg ki m omd`'s ampctmn mdh gxprgssgh cd  pgragdtmeg tgrl. Cd sclpng tgrls, tbcs ampctmn cs sgt mschg oy o omd`s md`s tk prktgat hgpksctkrs. M nkwgr AM_ lgmds m omd` cs prkdg tk tbg rcs` ki ekcde ourst cd amsg ki mdy arcscs. Bkwgvgr, m vgry bceb AM_ lgmds, tbg omd` cs dkt hkcde gdkueb ouscdgss.

92

 

 prk ictmocncty Mdmnyscs Akdsknchmtgh Vmrtcaunmrs

IS ?6=5

IS ?6=2

IS ?6=3

IS ?6?6

IS ?6?=

 Dgt Vrkict Lmrecd _mtck

3.22

8.32

5.79

3.6?

3.=8

Akst tk Dgt Cdaklg _mtck

?1.=5

1=.93

1=.=7

?9.85

79.17

Ktbgr Cdaklg tk  Dgt Cdaklg _mtck

=2.37

?7.?1

?1.=8

=9.27

18.59

 Dgt prkict lmrecd cs mrrcvgh mt oy hcvchcde prkict mitgr tmx oy tbg tktmn cdaklg egdgrmtgh (c.g. cdtgrgst gmrdgh pnus ktbgr cdaklg) mdh sbkws wbmt cs ngit ikr tbg sbmrgbknhgrs ms m pgragdtmeg ki tktmn cdaklg.

Akst tk dgt cdaklg rmtck cs pmrtcaunmrny clpkrtmdt cd vmnucde omd`s. Ct cs hgrcvgh oy hcvchcde kpgrmtcde gxpgdsgs oy tbg dgt cdaklg egdgrmtgh (c.g. dgt cdtgrgst cdaklg pnus tbg ktbgr cdaklg). Xbg rmtck bcebncebts tbg giicacgday wctb wbcab tbg omd` cs ogcde rud - tbg nkwgr ct cs, tbg lkrg prkictmong tbg omd` wcnn og. Ci tbcs rmtck rcsgs irkl kdg pgrckh tk tbg dgxt, ct lgmds tbmt aksts mrg rcscde mt m bcebgr rmtg tbmd cdaklg. Xkegtbgr tbgsg rmtcks bgnp cd udhgrstmdhcde tbg akst mdh prkict struaturg ki tbg omd` mdh mdmnyscde  ouscdgss cdgiicacgdacgs. cdgiicacgda cgs.

Ktbgr cdaklg nmregny akdstctutgs ki igg cdaklg suab ms akllcssckd mdh ork`grmeg iggs mdh ancgdt omsgh lgrabmdt ikrgced gxabmdeg trmhg, sgrvcag abmregs irkl maakudt lmcdtgdmdag, trmdsmatckd omd`cde (cdanuhcde amsb lmdmeglgdt sgrvcags), sydhcamtckd mdh pnmaglgdt iggs, prkagsscde iggs irkl nkmds mdh akllcssckd kd dkd-iudhgh  prkhuats (suab ms ngttgrs ngttgr s ki arghct mdh omd` eumrmdtggs) gta. Omd`s cd hgvgnkpgh hgv gnkpgh akudtrcgs hgrcvg dgmrny 76% ki tbgcr cdaklg irkl tbgsg dkd-iudhgh skurags. M bceb ktbgr cdaklg tk dgt cdaklg rmtck cs ekkh ikr tbg okttkl ncdg (c.g. dgt prkict) ms cdaklg irkl tbcs strgml cs hgrcvgh wctbkut scedcicamdt lkocncsmtckd ki hgpkscts mdh bgdag tbg akst msskacmtgh wctb tbcs cdaklg cs rgnmtcvgny nkwgr aklpmrgh tk cdtgrgst cdaklg. 93

 

Ymnumtckd Mdmnyscs Akdsknchmtgh Vmrtcaunmrs

IS ?6=5

IS ?6=2

IS ?6=3

IS ?6?6

IS ?6?=

 Dgt Cdtgrgst Cdaklg _s.

?3,686.77

11,881.??

87,776.68

75,255.28

9=,=96.?1

Erkwtb (%)

-

=7.=9 %

19.?6 %

?5.69 %

7.95 %

VMX (_s. Ar.)

==,=51.69

9,992.12

==,=53.38

=7,351.16

=2,1??.33

Erkwtb (%)

-

(86.1? %)

95.99 %

8?.25 %

=8.5= %

Gmrdcdes

=5?.92

=28.2?

=92.?2

?8=.77

?99.2?

Gmrdcde Vgr Qbmrg Hcnutgh (_s. )

=5?.92

=28.2?

=92.?2

?8=.77

?99.2?

Vrcag tk Gmrdcdes

7.3?

==.?7

=9.33

2.92

5.55

Vgr Qbmrg ‑ Omsca (_s. )

Vrcag Gmrdcdes _mtck

Hcvchgdh Bcstkry Sgmr

_mtg ki hcvchgdh (ki imag vmnug)

_s.

Ankscde prcag*

Hmtg*

IS ?662

?=7 %

?=.76

=,898.16

?3 Lmy ?662

IS ?6=5

?36 %

?3.66

=,579.57

=6 Judg ?663

IS ?6=2

166 %

16.66

?,?5?.37

3 Judg ?6=6

IS ?6=3

166 %

16.66

?,1?5.96

?6 Lmy ?6==

IS ?6?6

176 %

17.66

=,356.26

?8 Lmy ?6=?

56

 

IS ?6?=

8=7 %

8=.76

?,=16.?7

?2 Lmy ?6=1

* Ankscde Vrcag ms kd tbg hmtg ki hganmrmtckd ki icdmn (kr nmst) hcvchgdh ikr tbg Icdmdacmn Sgmr.

Xbg Aklpmdy bms lmcdtmcdgh md mvgrmeg hcvchgdh ycgnh ki =.81 % kvgr tbg nmst 7 icdmdacmn ygmrs. Ncquchcty mdh Arghct Mdmnyscs Vmrtcaunmrs

IS ?6=5

IS ?6=2

IS ?6=3

IS ?6?6

IS ?6?=

 Dgt Cdtgrgst Lmrecd _mtck („DCL“)

?.31

?.99

1.1?

1.27

1.18

Ampctmn Mhgqumay _mtck

=8.?7

=1.13

==.32

=1.29

=?.3?

 Dgt DVMs

=.53

=.5?

=.91

=.2?

?.=6

 DCL: Omd`s ikaus kd ngdhcde kr mhvmdacde lkdgy mt m rmtg bcebgr tbmd tbg rmtg mt wbcab tbgy maagpt hgpkscts. Dgt Cdtgrgst Lmrecd cs amnaunmtgh oy hcvchcde tbg hciigrgdag ogtwggd Cdtgrgst gmrdgh (kd mhvmdags) mdh cdtgrgst gxpgdhgh (kd hgpkscts)  oy tbg mlkudt ki (mvgrmeg) (mvgrme g) Cdvgstgh Mssgts. Ci tbcs rm rmtck tck rcsgs irkl kdg pgrckh tk tb tbgg dgxt, ct cdhcamtgs tbmt tbg omd` cs mong tk hgpnky cts iudhs lkrg giicacgdtny wbcab rgsunts cd ergmtgr prkictmocncty.   Ampctmn Mhgqumay _mtck (AM_): kr Ampctmn tk _cs` Ugcebtgh Mssgts _mtck (A_M_) cs m lgmsurg ki m omd`'s ampctmn (dgt wkrtb pnus suokrhcdmtgh hgot) gxprgssgh ms m  pgragdtmeg ki m omd`'s omd `'s rcs` wgcebtgh arghct gxpksurgs g xpksurgs (nkmds).   Xwk typgs ki ampctmn mrg lgmsurgh: tcgr C ampctmn, wbcab amd moskro nkssgs wctbkut m  omd` ogcde rgqucrgh tk agmsg trmhcde (suab (su ab ms krhcdmry sbmrg ampctmn ampctm n mdh irgg rgsgrvgs)0 mdh tcgr CC ampctmn, wbcab amd moskro nkssgs cd tbg gvgdt ki m wcdhcde-up mdh sk  prkvchgs m ngssgr hgergg h gergg ki prktgatckd tk hgpksctkrs h gpksctkrs (suab ms nkde tgrl udsgaurgh nkmds mdh rgvmnumtckd rgsgrvgs wbcab cs tm`gd mt m hcsakudt ki 77 % wbcng hgtgrlcdcde cts vmnug ikr cdanusckd cd Xcgr CC ampctmn).   5=

 

Lgmsurcde arghct gxpksurgs rgqucrgs mhjustlgdts tk og lmhg tk tbg mlkudt ki mssgts sbkwd kd m omd`'s omnmdag sbggt. Xbcs cs hkdg oy wgcebtcde tbg nkmds lmhg oy m omd` maakrhcde tk tbgcr hgergg ki rcs`cdgss, g.e. nkmds tk Ekvgrdlgdts mrg ecvgd m 6 %wgcebtcde wbgrgms nkmds tk cdhcvchumns mrg wgcebtgh mt =66 %. Qclcnmrny kii omnmdag sbggt ctgls suab su ab ms eumrmdtggs mdh ikrgced ik rgced gxabmdeg akdtrmats akdtr mats mrg mnsk wgcebtgh ikr tbgcr rcs`cdgss. Kd-omnmdag sbggt mdh kii-omnmdag sbggt arghct gxpksurgs mrg mhhgh tk egt tktmn rcs` wgcebtgh arghct gxpksurgs.   Ms pgr tbg Omsgn CC dkrls tbg lcdclul ampctmn mhgqumay rmtcks tbmt mppny mrg:   Xcgr C ampctmn tk tktmn rcs` wgcebtgh arghct gxpksurgs tk og dkt ngss tbmd 8 %0 Xktmn ampctmn (Xcgr C pnus Xcgr CC ngss agrtmcd hghuatckds) tk tktmn rcs` wgcebtgh arghct gxpksurgs tk og dkt ngss tbmd 2%.   Xbg _OC aurrgdtny prgsarcogs m lcdclul ampctmn ki 3 % ki rcs`-wgcebtgh mssgts, wbcab cs bcebgr tbmd tbg cdtgrdmtckdmnny prgsarcogh pgragdtmeg ki 2 %.   Mppnycde lcdclul ampctmn mhgqumay rmtcks sgrvgs tk prktgat hgpksctkrs mdh prklktg tbg stmocncty mdh giicacgday ki tbg icdmdacmn systgl.  Xbg Omd` cs wgnn ampctmncsgh wctb md kvgrmnn ampctmn mhgqumay rmtck (AM_) ki =1.99% ikr IS ?6?6, wgnn mokvg tbg ogdablmr` rgqucrglgdt ki 3% stcpunmtgh oy _gsgrvg Omd` ki Cdhcm (_OC). Ki tbcs, Xcgr C AM_ wms 3.87% (3.8=% ikr IS ?6=3), wbcng tbg Xcgr CC AM_ wms mt 8.?=% (1.?8% ikr IS ?6=3).    DVM: Dkd Vgrikrlcde Mssgt kr DVM cs m anmsscicamtckd usgh u sgh oy icdmdacmn cdstctutckds cdstctutck ds tbmt rgigr tk nkmds tbmt mrg cd jgkpmrhy ki hgimunt. Kdag tbg okrrkwgr bms imcngh tk lm`g cdtgrgst kr prcdacpmn pmylgdts ikr 36 hmys tbg nkmd cs akdschgrgh tk og m dkd pgrikrlcde mssgt. Mdy rcsg cd tbg pgragdtmeg ki DVMs rgsunts cd m ssbmrp bmrp hgancdg cd tbg kvgrmnn prkictmocncty. Ncquchcty & Arghct _mtcks

5?

 

51

 

Kwdgrsbcp pmttgrd (%) Qbmrg mrgbkn bknhcde

Lmrab ?6=5

Lmrab ?6=2

Lmrab ?6=3

Lmrab ?6?6

Hgaglogr ?6?=

Vrklktgr ICCs

73.8= =6.==

73.86 =?.26

9=.72 2.56

9?.1= =6.58

9?.1= 2.21

HCCs

=5.82

=9.75

=5.=8

=9.68

=5.3=

Ktbgrs

=1.66

==.?1

=?.72

=6.3=

=6.37

Cd cts nmtgst stka` gxabmdeg icncde hmtgh 1= Hgaglogr ?6?=, QOC rgpkrtgh m prklktgr bknhcde ki 9?.1= %. Nmreg prklktgr bknhcde cdhcamtgs akdvcatckd mdh scdagrcty ki tbg  prklktgrs. Ug ogncgvg tbmt m ergmtgr tbmd 17 % prklktgr b bknhcde knhcde kiigrs smigty tk tb tbgg rgtmcn cdvgstkrs.   Mt tbg smlg tclg, cdstctutckdmn bknhcde cd tbg Aklpmdy stkkh mt ?9.58 % (ICC+HCC). Nmreg cdstctutckdmn bknhcde cdhcamtgs tbg akdichgdag ki sgmskdgh cdvgstkrs. Mt tbg smlg tclg, ct amd mnsk ngmh tk bceb vknmtcncty cd tbg stka` prcag ms cdstctutckds ouy mdh sgnn nmregr stm`gs tbmd rgtmcn pmrtcacpmdts.

58

 

Qtmtg Omd` ki Cdhcm

@gy Icdmdacmn _mtcks

 

L m r ‒? =

L m r ‒? 6

L m r ‒= 3

Lmr ‒=2

Lmr ‒=5

Imag Ymnug

=6.66

=6.66

=6.66

=6.66

=6.66

Hcvchgdh Vgr Qbmrg

8=.76

17.66

16.66

16.66

?3.66

?19.91

?5=.97

=97.12

??3.91

?16.68

=,58 =,583. 3.?3 ?3

=,72 =,725. 5.86 86

=,?2 =,?2=. =.26 26

=,17 =,171. 1.=7 =7

=,=5 =,=53. 3.87 87

Irgg _gsgrvgs Vgr Qbmrg (_s)

--

--

--

8=?.19

151.33

Okdus cd Gqucty Ampctmn

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

1.2?

8.18

 Mhjustgh Amsb Lmrecd(%)

==.?1

=6.7=

3.7=

==.9?

=1.68

Dgt Vrkict Lmrecd

=6.13

3.92

2.76

=6.78

=?.61

_gturd kd Nkde Xgrl Iudh(%) _gturd kd Dgt Ukrtb(%)

39.17 =8.?9

35.19 =1.38

32.?6 =?.5=

37.6? =1.23

=66.17 =7.58

 Mhjustgh _gturd kd Dgt Ukrtb(%)

=8.?9

=1.38

=?.5=

=1.3=

=7.58

_gturd kd Mssgts Gxanuhcde   _gvmnumtckds

=,887.96

=,?7=.67

=,6?1.86

=,612.59

3=?.51

_gturd kd Mssgts Cdanuhcde   _gvmnumtckds

=,887.96

=,?7=.67

=,6?1.86

=,612.59

3=?.51

Cdtgrgst Cdaklg / Xktmn Iudhs

2.?7

2.1?

5.=7

2.7?

2.22

Dgt Cdtgrgst Cdaklg / Xktmn Iudhs

1.69

1.12

?.29

1.2?

1.53

Dkd Cdtgrgst Cdaklg / Xktmn Iudhs

=.==

=.=?

=.13

6.=6

6.==

Cdtgrgst Gxpgdhgh / Xktmn Iudhs

7.=3

8.38

8.?3

8.93

7.63

Kpgrmtcde Gxpgdsg / Xktmn Iudhs

=.38

=.39

=.31

?.12

?.69

Vrkict Ogikrg Vrkvcsckds / Xktmn Iudhs

?.=8

?.85

?.?1

=.89

=.57

Dgt Vrkict / Xktmn Iudhs

6.35

6.3=

6.97

6.3=

=.62

Nkmds Xurdkvgr

6.?2

6.?2

6.?9

6.=7

6.=9

Xktmn Cdaklg / Ampctmn Glpnkygh(%)

3.17

3.87

2.78

2.9?

2.33

Cdtgrgst Gxpgdhgh / Ampctmn   Glpnkygh(%)

7.=3

8.38

8.?3

8.93

7.63

Xktmn Mssgts Xurdkvgr _mtcks

6.62

6.62

6.65

6.63

6.63

 Mssgt Xurdkvgr _mtck

6.63

6.63

6.62

6.63

6.=6

Cdtgrgst Gxpgdhgh / Cdtgrgst Gmrdgh

9?.37

73.19

96.68

99.99

95.?2

Ktbgr Cdaklg / Xktmn Cdaklg

==.2?

==.25

=9.?2

=.?=

=.=2

Kpgrmtcde Gxpgdsg / Xktmn Cdaklg

?6.58

?6.51

??.99

?5.9=

??.3=

--

--

--

6.?9

6.11

=?.3?

=1.29

==.32

=1.13

=8.?7

--

--

--

58.??

52.18

Cdvgstlgdt Ymnumtckd _mtcks

Kpgrmtcde Vrkict Vgr Qbmrg (_s) Dg Dgtt Kp Kpgr grmt mtcd cde e Vrki Vrkict ct Vgr Vgr Qb Qbmr mrg g (_s) (_s)

Vrkictmocncty _mtcks

Cdtgrgst Qprgmh

Lmdmeglgdt Giicacgday _mtcks

Vrkict Mdh Nkss Maakudt _mtcks

Qgnncde Hcstrcoutckd Akst Aklpksctckd Omnmdag Qbggt _mtcks

Ampctmn Mhgqumay _mtck  Mhvmdags / Nkmds Iudhs(%)

57

 

Hgot Akvgrmeg _mtcks

Arghct Hgpksct _mtck

--

--

19.19

57.39

58.35

?3.7?

16.51

11.87

19.11

19.12

7.18

5.7=

2.39

5.79

2.15

=?.=9

=?.81

=8.15

=?.=3

=?.2=

Icdmdacmn Abmregs Akvgrmeg _mtck

6.81

6.7?

6.78

6.11

=.19

Icdmdacmn Abmregs Akvgrmeg _mtck Vkst Xmx   Ngvgrmeg _mtcks

=.?6

=.?6

=.=3

=.?=

=.?1

Aurrgdt _mtck

6.28

6.2?

6.55

6.68

6.68

=?.=7

=?.67

2.76

3.65

7.58

Hcvchgdh Vmykut _mtck Dgt Vrkict

?6.=?

?6.69

?9.61

?1.19

??.36

Hcvchgdh Vmykut _mtck Amsb Vrkict

=2.9?

=2.85

?1.?8

?=.?6

?=.=1

Gmrdcde _gtgdtckd _mtck

53.22

53.38

51.35

59.95

55.==

Amsb Gmrdcde _gtgdtckd _mtck

2=.12

2=.71

59.59

52.2?

52.22

 MhjustghAmsb Inkw Xclgs

52.36

2?.62

=66.3=

53.78

57.67

L m r ‒? =

L m r ‒? 6

L m r ‒= 3

Lmr ‒=2

Lmr ‒=5

?69.?6

=58.89

==9.65

=88.15

=81.95

=,887.96

=,?7=.67

=,6?1.86

=,612.59

3=?.51

Cdvgstlgdt Hgpksct _mtck Amsb Hgpksct _mtck Xktmn Hgot tk Kwdgrs Iudh

]uca` _mtck Amsb Inkw Cdhcamtkr _mtcks

 

Gmrdcdes Vgr Qbmrg Okk` Ymnug

Erkss DVMs: _s 96,23=.87 arkrg

59

 

55

 

Icdhcdes Hcrgatkrs _g _gpkrt

Sgmr G Gd dh : Lmr ‒? ‒?=

Icdmdacmn Vgrikrlmdag Vrkict   Xbg Kpgrmtcde Vrkict ki tbg Omd` ikr ?6?6-?= stkkh mt _s. 1=,62=.5? arkrgs ms aklpmrgh tk _s. 1=,751.78 arkrgs cd ?6=3-?6 rgecstgrcde m lmrecdmn hgancdg ki =.79%. Xbg Omd` bms pkstgh m Dgt Vrkict ki _s. =8,=68.32 arkrgs ikr ?6?6-?= ms aklpmrgh tk _s. ==,565.?3 arkrgs cd ?6=3-?6 rgecstgrcde m erkwtb ki ?6.82%.   Ubcng Dgt Cdtgrgst Cdaklg rgakrhgh m erkwtb ki ?.86%, tbg Ktbgr Cdaklg cdargmsgh  oy ==.51%, Kpgrmtcde Gxpgdsgs Gxpgdsg s cdargmsgh oy =?.11% mttrcou mttrcoutmong tmong tk bcebgr stmii stmi i akst mdh ktbgr gxpgdsgs.    Dgt Cdtgrgst Cdaklg   Xbg Dgt Cdtgrgst Cdaklg ki tbg Omd` rgecstgrgh m erkwtb ki ?.86% irkl _s. 81,?3=.62 arkrgs cd ?6=3-?6 tk _s. 88,11=.16 arkrgs cd ?6?6-?=. Xbcs wms hug tk bcebgr erkwtb cd tbg mhvmdags mdh cdvgstlgdt pkrtikncks.   Xbg erkss cdtgrgst cdaklg irkl enkomn kpgrmtckds akrrgspkdhcdeny rksg irkl _s. =,69,7?=.87 arkrgs tk _s. =,=3,975.=6 arkrgs hurcde tbg ygmr rgecstgrcde m erkwtb ki =?.11%.   Cdtgrgst cdaklg kd mhvmdags cd Cdhcm rgecstgrgh md cdargmsg irkl _s. 55,163.=7 arkrgs cd ?6=3-?6 tk _s. 27,52?.?9 arkrgs cd ?6?6-?= hug tk bcebgr vknulgs. Xbg mvgrmeg ycgnh kd mhvmdags cd Cdhcm bms hgancdgh irkl ==.67% cd ?6=3-?6 tk =6.78% cd ?6?6?=. Cdtgrgst cdaklg kd mhvmdags mt ikrgced kiicags bms erkwd oy ?9.=5%.  

Cdaklg irkl rgskurags hgpnkygh cd trgmsury kpgrmtckds cd Cdhcm cdargmsgh oy =1.2?% lmcdny hug tk bcebgr mvgrmeg rgskurags hgpnkygh. Xbg mvgrmeg ycgnh, wbcab wms 5.7=% cd ?6=3-?6, bms cdargmsgh tk 5.78% cd ?6?6-?=.   Xktmn cdtgrgst gxpgdsgs ki enkomn kpgrmtckds cdargmsgh irkl _s. 91,?16.15 arkrgs cd ?6=3-?6 tk _s. 57,1?7.26 arkrgs cd ?6?6-?=. Cdtgrgst gxpgdsgs kd hgpkscts cd Cdhcm hurcde ?6?6-?= rgakrhgh md cdargmsg ki ?6.22% aklpmrgh tk tbg prgvckus ygmr, wbgrgms tbg mvgrmeg ngvgn ki hgpkscts cd Cdhcm ergw oy =8.1%. Xbg mvgrmeg akst ki hgpkscts bms akdsgqugdtny cdargmsgh irkl 7.37% cd ?6=3-?6 tk 9.?3% cd ?6?6-?=.  

52

 

 Dkd-Cdtgrgst Cdaklg    Dkd-cdtgrgst cdaklg stkkh stkk h mt _s. =9,618.28 arkrgs cd ?6? ?6?6-?= 6-?= ms memcdst _s. =8,17=.87 arkrgs cd ?6=3-?6 rgecstgrcde md cdargmsg ki ==.51%. Hurcde tbg ygmr, tbg Omd` rgagcvgh md cdaklg ki _s. 5=7.7= arkrgs (_s. 595.17 arkrgs cd tbg prgvckus ygmr)  oy wmy ki hcvchgdhs irkl ir kl Msskacmtg Omd`s/ suoschcmrcgs mdh jkcdt vgdturgs cd Cd Cdhcm hcm mdh morkmh.   Kpgrmtcde Gxpgdsgs   Xbgrg wms md cdargmsg ki 2.?3% cd tbg Qtmii Akst irkl _s. =9,358.68 arkrgs cd ?6=3?6 tk _s. =2,126.36 arkrgs cd ?6?6-?=. Ktbgr Kpgrmtcde Gxpgdsgs rgecstgrgh md cdargmsg ki =3.23% lmcdny hug tk cdargmsg cd gxpgdsgs kd rgdt, tmxgs mdh ncebtcde, mhvgrtcsglgdt & puoncacty, nmw abmregs, pkstmeg, tgngermls & tgngpbkdgs, cdsurmdag mdh lcsagnnmdgkus gxpgdhcturg.   Kpgrmtcde Gxpgdsgs, aklprcscde oktb stmii akst mdh ktbgr kpgrmtcde gxpgdsgs, bmvg rgecstgrgh md cdargmsg ki =?.11% kvgr tbg prgvckus ygmr.    Vrkvcsckds mdh Akdtcdegdacgs Lmjkr mlkudts ki prkvcsckds lmhg cd ?6?6-?= wgrg ms udhgr:   - _s. 39=.?3 arkrgs wrctg oma` irkl prkvcsckds ikr hgprgacmtckd kd cdvgstlgdts, gxanuhcde mlkrtczmtckd ki prglcul kd Bgnh tk Lmturcty amtgekry (ms memcdst _s. 991.56 arkrgs prkvchgh tkwmrhs hgprgacmtckd kd cdvgstlgdts cd ?6=3-?6).   - _s. 7,371.22 arkrgs tkwmrhs Vrkvcsckd ikr Xmx, gxanuhcde hgigrrgh tmx argmtckd ki _s. =65.35 arkrgs (ms memcdst _s. 9,1?6.63 arkrgs cd ?6=3-?6 gxanuhcde hgigrrgh tmx rgvgrsmn ki _s. 877.31 arkrgs).   - _s. ==,195.53 arkrgs (dgt ki wrctg-oma`) ikr dkd- pgrikrlcde mssgts (ms memcdst _s. ==,787.27 arkrgs cd ?6=3-?6).  

- _s. 583.9= arkrgs tkwmrhs Qtmdhmrh Mssgts (ms memcdst _s. 352.2= arkrgs cd ?6=3?6). Cdanuhcde tbg aurrgdt ygmrs prkvcsckd, tbg tktmn prkvcsckd bgnh kd Qtmdhmrh Mssgts mlkudts tk _s. 7,?23.72 arkrgs.   _gsgrvgs mdh Qurpnus   - Md mlkudt ki _s. 8,8=5.29 arkrgs (ms memcdst _s. 1,7=9.32 arkrgs cd ?6=3-?6) wms trmdsigrrgh tk Qtmtutkry _gsgrvgs.   - Md mlkudt ki _s. =3.=5 arkrgs (ms memcdst _s. =8.12 arkrgs cd ?6=3-?6) wms trmdsigrrgh tk Ampctmn _gsgrvg Iudh.   - Md mlkudt _s._gsgrvg 9,871.?9Iudhs. arkrgs (ms memcdst _s. 7,719.76 arkrgs cd ?6=3-?6) wms trmdsigrrgh tk ki ktbgr  

53

 

 Xmong =: @gy Vgrikrlmdag Cdhcamtkrs   Cdhcamtkrs QOC QOC Erkup   ?6=3-?6 ?6?6-?= ?6=3-?6 ?6?6-?=    

_gturd kd Mvgrmeg Mssgts (%) _gturd kd Gqucty (%)

6.22 =9.67

6.3= =7.38

6.23 =9.83 =9.8 3

6.23 =7.35

  Gxpgdsgs tk Cdaklg (%)  (Kpgrmtcde Gxpgdsgs tk  Xktmn Dgt Cdaklg) 87.?1 82.7= 71.7= 79.17   Okk` Ymnug pgr sbmrg (_s.) =?=8.52 =138.53 =786.98 =593.=3   Omsca Gmrdcdes Vgr Qbmrg (_s.) =28.1= ?=6.69 ?8=.77 ?99.2?   Hcnutgh Gmrdcdes Vgr Qbmrg (_s.) =28.1= ?=6.69 ?8=.77 ?99.2?  Ampctmn Mhgqumay _mtck (%) (Omsgn-C)

=?.67

==.??

==.28

==.65

  Xcgr C

2.76

2.?1

2.16

2.=6

Xcgr CC

1.77

?.33

1.78

?.35

    Ampctmn Mhgqumay _mtck (%) (Omsgn-CC) =1.29

=?.3?

=1.92

=?.2?

  Xcgr C

3.53

3.83

3.97

3.89

Xcgr CC

8.65

1.81

8.61

1.19

     Dgt DVMs tk Dgt Mhvmdags (%)  

=.2?

?.=6

=.2=

?.65

Mssgts   Xbg tktmn mssgts ki tbg Omd` cdargmsgh oy =5.?2% irkl _s. =1,17,7=3.?1 arkrgs mt tbg gdh ki Lmrab ?6?6 tk _s. _s. =7,99,?9=.68 arkrgs ms mt tbg gdh ki Lmrab ?6?=. Hurcde tbg pgrckh, tbg nkmd pkrtiknck cdargmsgh oy ?6.7?% irkl _s. 2,95,752.23 arkrgs tk _s. =6,87,9=9.77 arkrgs.  Cdvgstlgdts cdargmsgh oy =?.8=% irkl _s. 1,=?,=35.9= arkrgs tk _s. 1,76,3?5.?5 arkrgs ms mt tbg gdh Lmrab ?6?=. M lmjkr pkrtckd ki tbg cdvgstlgdt wms cd tbg hklgstca lmr`gt cd ki ekvgrdlgdt sgaurctcgs.  

26

 

  Ncmocnctcgs   Xbg Omd`s meergemtg ncmocnctcgs (gxanuhcde ampctmn mdh rgsgrvgs) rksg oy =5.?8% irkl _s. =?,7=,792.61 arkrgs kd 1=st Lmrab ?6=? tk _s. =8,95,155.19 arkrgs kd 1=st Lmrab ?6?=. Xbg cdargmsg cd ncmocnctcgs wms lmcdny akdtrcoutgh oy cdargmsg cd hgpkscts mdh  okrrkwcdes. Xbg Enkomn hgpkscts stkkh mt _s. =?,6?,513.75 =? ,6?,513.75 arkrgs ms kd 1=st Lmrab ?6?= memcdst _s. =6,81,985.19 arkrgs ms kd 1=st Lmrab ?6?6, rgprgsgdtcde md cdargmsg ki =7.?8% kvgr tbg ngvgn kd 1=st Lmrab ?6?6. Xbg okrrkwcdes cdargmsgh oy 11.?=% irkl _s. =,?5,667.75 arkrgs mt tbg gdh ki Lmrab ?6?6 tk _s. =,93,=2?.5= arkrgs ms mt tbg gdh ki Lmrab ?6?= lmcdny mttrcoutmong tk okrrkwcdes irkl _OC cd Cdhcm mdh  okrrkwcdes & rgicdmdag kutschg Cdhcm.

2=

 

Akdanusckd Kd tbg omscs ki vmrckus tgabdcqugs mppncgh ikr tbg icdmdacmn mdmnyscs ki CACAC Omd` wg amd mrrcvg mt m akdanusckd akdanusckd tbmt tbg icdmdacmn icdmdacmn pksctckd mdh kvgrmnn pgrikrlmdag pgrikrlmdag ki tbg  omd` cs smtcsimatkry. Xbkueb Xbku eb tbg cdaklg ki tbg omd` bms cdargmsgh kvgr tbg pgrckh out dkt cd tbg smlg pmag ms ki gxpgdsgs. Out tbg omd` bms suaagghgh cd lmcdtmcdcde m rgmskdmong prkictmocncty pksctckd. Cdhcvchumns mrg tbg lmjkr sbmrgbknhgrs. Xbg lmjkr mabcgvglgdt ki tbg omd` bms oggd m trglgdhkus cdargmsg cd cts hgpkscts, wbcab bms mnwmys oggd cts lmcd kojgatcvg. Icxgh mdh aurrgdt hgpkscts bmvg mnsk sbkwd md cdargmscde trgdh. Gqucty sbmrgbknhgrs mrg mnsk gdjkycde md cdargmscde trgdh cd tbg rgturd kd tbgcr ampctmn. Xbkue Xb kueb b au aurrg rrgdt dt mssgts mssgts md mdh h ncmo ncmocn cnctc ctcgs gs (aurrg (aurrgdt dt ncquc ncquchc hcty) ty) ki tbg tbg omd` omd` cs dkt sk smtcsimatkry out omd` bms suaagghgh cd lmcdtmcdcde m stmong sknvgday pksctckd kvgr tbg ygmrs. Ms imr ms tbg rmtck ki gxtgrdmn mdh cdtgrdmn gqucty cs akdagrdgh, ct cs angmr tbmt  omd` bms oggd uscde lkrg mlkudt ki gxtgrdmn gqucty cd tbg ikrl ki nkmds mdh  okrrkwcdes tbmd kwdgr–s gqucty. Omd`–s cdvgstlgdts mrg mnsk sbkwcde md cdargmscde trgdh. Hug tk cdargmsg cd mhvmdags, tbg cdtgrgst rgagcvgh oy tbg omd` irkl suab mhvmdags cs prkvcde tk og tbg lmjkr skurag ki cdaklg ikr tbg omd`.

2?

 

Queegstckds 

Mntbkueb tbg sbkrt tgrl ncquchcty pksctckd cs quctg smtcsimatk smtcsimatkry ry ms pgr rgvgmngh  oy ncquch rmtck out tbg tb g aurrgdt aur rgdt rmtck r mtck cs ognkw tbg tb g chgmn chg mn rmtck ki ?:=.Qk ?:= .Qk tbg omd`  sbkunh lm`g giikrts tk cdargmsg cts aurrgdt mssgts tk lmcdtmcd m smigty lmrecd mdh tk lmcdtmcd m ogttgr ncquchcty pksctckd.



Xbg prkictmocncty ki tbg omd` ikr tbg pgrckh udhgr stuhy cs dkt smtcsimatkry. Vrkicts mrg cdargmscde out dkt wctb smlg pmag ms ki tbg gxpgdhcturg hug tk bcebgr bce bgr rgncm rgncmdag dag kd hgot hgot ampct ampctmn mn cd tbg tbg ik ikrl rl ki okrrk okrrkwc wcdes des md mdh h nkmds nkmds ik ikr  r  icdmdacd icdm dacde e ampctmn ampctmn struatu struaturg. rg. Qk cd krhgr krhgr tk clprkvg clprkvg prkictm prkictmocn ocncty, cty, tbg omd`  sbkun sbk unh h rghuag rghuag cts cts hgpgd hgpgdhg hgdag dag kd gxtgr gxtgrdmn dmn gquct gquctcg cgss ikr lggt lggtcd cde e ampct ampctmn mn rgqucrglgdts. Akdsgqugdtny, tbg cdtgrgst gxpgdsgs wcnn hgancdg mdh prkicts wcnn cdargmsg wbcab cs ekkh ikr tbg omd`. Qclcnmrny dkd prkhuatcvg gxpgdsgs sbkunh  og aurtmcngh tk clprkvg prkictmocncty.



Bc Bcebg ebgrr trgdh trgdh ki arghc arghctt hgpksc hgpksctt rmtck rmtck rg rgvgm vgmns ns tbmt tbmt tbg tbg omd` omd` bms pgrikr pgrikrlg lgh h smtcsimatkrcny ms rgemrh tk ermdtcde nkmds mdh mhvmdags tk egdgrmtg cdaklg. Ct sueegsts tbmt tbg arghct pgrikrlmdag ki omd` cs ekkh mdh ct cs pgrikrlcde cts  ouscdgss wgnn iunicnncde tbglkrg lmjkr kojgatcvg arghct ar ghct maagptcde maag ptcde hgpksct. Qk cdoy krhg krhgr r tk bmvg arghctmocncty arghctmo cnctykicdermdtcde tbg lmr`gt tbgmdh omd` sbkunh sbkun h lmcdtmcd cts arghct hgpksct rmtck.



Xbkueb tbg omd` bms oggd suaagssiun cd cdargmscde ct–s hgpkscts out tk iurtbgr  clprkvg upkd suab sctumtckd ct amd cdtrkhuag sklg dgw mdh mttrmatcvg sabglgs ikr puonca. Quab sabglgs amd og cd tbg ikrl ki bcebgr rmtg ki cdtgrgst mdh sbkrtgr lmturcty pgrckh ikr IH–s gta.



Omd` sbkunh try tk icdmdag lkrg mdh lkrg prkjgats. Icdmdacde wcnn bgnp ct tk gmrd bcebgr mlkudt ki prkicts.



Xbg omd` cs bmvcde m ergmtgr rgncmdag kd hgot ampctmn. Xbg cdargmscde rgncmdag kd gxtgrdmn gquctcgs lmy prkvg bmzmrhkus cd tbg nkde rud. Qk cd krhgr tk rglghy tbcs sctumtckd omd` sbkunh cdargmsg cts ikaus kd cdtgrdmn gquctcgs mdh ktbgr skurags ki cdtgrdmn icdmdacde.



Omd` amd mnsk tbcd` ikr clprkvcde ct–s hmy-tk -hmy sgrvcag tk cts ancgdts. Quab sgrvcag amd og clprkvgh clprkvgh oy prkvchcde prklpt sgrvcag sgrvcag mdh sbkwcde md mttctuhg ki ak-kpgrmtckd tk cts ancgdts. Ct wcnn bgnp tk ecvg m `cdh ki akdichgdag tk tbg  puonca mdh oucnh m ogttgr puonca clmeg.



Xk mabcgvg tbg kojgatcvg ki _urmn hgvgnkplgdt hgvgnkplgdt ct sbkunh kpgd lkrg mdh lkrg  ormdabgs cd hciigrgdt rurmn mrgms ki tbg akudtry. Ct wcnn imacnctmtg cd prkvchcde bgnp tk rurmn pkkr imrlgrs mdh ktbgr ncvcde ognkw tbg pkvgrty ncdg. Omd` amd mppkcdt mppk cdt akllcs akllcssckd sckd megdts megdts ikr hciigrg hciigrgdt dt mrgm wbk amd gdakurme gdakurmegg egdgrmn egdgrmn  puonca tk cdvgst cd tbg ampctmn a mpctmn ki tbg omd` mdh lm`g lkrg hgpkscts cd QOC.



Xbg omd` sbkunh sclpnciy tbg prkaghurg ki mhvmdags ikr quca` hcsoursglgdt.

21

 



Xk mabcgvg kremdczmtckdmn suaagss m prkpgr cdhgpgdhgdt wkr`cde mtlkspbgrg sbkunh og hgvgnkpgh tk mabcgvg hgscrgh kojgatcvg lkrg giigatcvgny.



Nmst out dkt ngmst, omd` sbkunh mhkpt ormdab mutklmtckd gxpgrclg gxpgrclgdt dt tk akdtrkn tbg kpgrmtckdmn akst.

28

 

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OCONCKE_MVBS Okk`s _giigrgh: 

Maakudtmday. _.@. Lcttmn,[email protected].



Icdmdacmn Lmdmeglgdt- Xbgkry mdh Vrmatcag. [email protected] , _.@. Qbmrlm.



Gssgdtcmns ki Akrpkrmtg Icdmdag ? dh ghctckd ,Crwcd /LaErmw-Bcnn._kss, Q.M.,_.U. Ugstgricgnh mdh O.H. O.H. Jkrhmd.



Omsca Icdmdacmn Lmdmeglgdt ,2tb ghctckd ,Vrgdtcag -Bmnn,Cda. Qaktt, H.I., J.H Lmrtcd, J.U. Vgtty mdh M.@gkwd.

Cdtgrdgt wgosctgs: 

www.soc.akl



www.ekkeng.akl

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www.icdmdag.cdhcm.lmrt.akl

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Jkurdmns & Orkuabgrs ki QOC



Ouscdgss mdh gakdklcas lmemzcdg

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Gakdklcas tclgs