Final Year Project (Final Report)

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1

Background of Project Sewage treatment plant is a facility that design to receive the wastewater

and remove all the material that will effects the quality of water which compromising the public health and safety after wastewater has discharged into the receiving system. The main purpose of wastewater treatment is to allow industrial effluent, domestic and commercial used to be dispose in a proper manner without risking a human health and environmental because improper management of wastewater will contribute an environmental pollution, besides communicable disease will easy to spread due to presence of variety of pathogenic organism in wastewater. Conventional wastewater treatment processes is a process that involve a combination of physical, chemical and biological processes and operation to remove solid, organic matter and nutrient from wastewater. Water quality is the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water. It is a measurement used to measure the condition of water relative to the needs of one or more biotic species and or to any human need or for some purpose. It is most frequently used by reference to a set of standards against which compliance 1

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can be assessed. The most common standards used to assess water quality relate to health of ecosystems, safety of human contact and drinking water. In Malaysia, water quality is important because water from domestic sewage and industrial effluent that needs to be discharge into environment must undergo a few treatments so that it will meet a standard effluent requirement by Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia.

1.2

Problem Statement This final year project is conduct at one of the IPTA in Selangor. This IPTA

has built a modern sewage treatment plant to support a wastewater for the whole campus. This campus is not fully developed and still under phase one construction and not fully accommodating the peoples. For the sewage treatment plant, it was functioning for the fully development phase. In addition, the water produced by this plant after the treatment process is the higher grade which is A. The minimum requirement needed by Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia is grade B before the water is to be discharge to the environment [8]. The problem statement of this project, this study is conducted to determine the processes involved for wastewater management in this campus. Based on the information obtained, the energy usage for the water treatment at this plant is about to processes for fully development accommodating student. Thus, it will cause the excess of energy usage for the wastewater treatment processes. In addition, the highest grade of water produced in this plant required a lot of processes involved in wastewater treatment. Therefore, this study will focus on a processing method to reduce the water quality from grade A to the grade B, where at the same time it reach the minimum requirement set by Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia 1.3

Scope of Study The scope of this project is to make the adjustment of the operational system

of water treatment plant at one of the IPTA in Selangor. Water from the adjustment operation then will be evaluating in order to determine the water grade discharge to environment. There are several parameters involved that need to be tested and

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conducted on water discharged after treatment had done thus it is complying with the Environment Quality Act 1974 requirement. The parameters are: 

pH test



Suspended Solid (SS) test



Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) test



Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) test



Oil and Grease test

The result of these tests will verify the quality of water produce by this plant and comparison grade will be defined. Energy consumption from the current process and adjustment process will be analyzed.

1.4

Objectives This study is carry out to analyze water treatment method conducted in the

Sewerage Treatment Plant in one of the IPTA in Selangor,

The main objective for this final year project is:

i.

To test and adjust Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) operation by reducing the

duration of operation.

ii.

To compare the current process and the subsequent process after optimization

of plant operation in term of energy consumption. Energy consumption is related to how the processes involved for sewage water treatment to produce a standard effluent level.

iii.

To compare and analyze water quality from the adjustment operation to the

current operation. There are a several important parameters will be analyzed such as pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Suspended Solid (SS).

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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1

Introduction According to the Jeremy Parr et. al [3] industrial effluent, domestic and

commercial usage are considered as wastewater and once it is produce and collected, those wastewater are required to undergo several treatments. Wastewater or also known as sewage water is difficult to be treated and disposed because once improper management occurred it might contribute a great influence to public health and safety and to the environment. Nowadays, conventional sewage treatment is hugely use to treat wastewater because it meant to reduce and decrease biodegradable organic material, suspended solid and some nutrients contained in sewage water.

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This treatment involved the removal of these pollutants and converted it into another valuable product which is sludge. Sewerage treatment processes can be divided into some groups of processes according to their function of performance and their complexity. The first process is the preliminary processes. Preliminary processes is a simple process that significantly removed the coarse solid pollution by used of screening (usually by bar screens) and grit removal through constant velocity channel. Second process of sewage is the primary process. In this processes, plain sedimentation, which is the simple completion of the solid material in sewage, can reduce the polluting load by significant amounts. Then it will proceed to the secondary process, which is removing of common pollutant done by biological processes. The last stage in this sewage treatment is a tertiary process where it is function to remove specific pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus or any other specific industrial pollutants.

Preliminary and primary processes of water treatment are considered as the most effective treatment process since it can remove a huge amount of water pollutant contained in sewage water. While for the secondary process, it involved many different types for this process. The most common one are describe in the table opposite, with brief comments on their suitability for low-and middle-income countries. The tertiary treatment process is a particular process which is further than the need of most common communities.

2.1.1

Aerobic and Anaerobic treatment Aerobic is a most conventional wastewater treatment process, where oxygen

is used by bacteria to break down the waste product. This treatment required high energy requirement for bacteria to perform their function besides it might produce a large amount of sludge. Thus, it will make this process complicated to control and expensive. On the other hand, anaerobic treatment is fully different compared to aerobic treatment since bacteria in anaerobic process do not use oxygen. Anaerobic treatment is much easier than aerobic treatment where less energy required besides less sludge produced. Thus, it will make this process cheaper and simpler. In

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addition, the temperature in which bacteria involved in anaerobic process like to work is easy to maintain especially in hot climates. However, anaerobic process also have its own side effect where it much slower than aerobic process and only effective at removing the simple organic waste and not to any other pollutant such as nutrient and pathogen. Form the finding of this observation; any plant that decides to undergo wastewater treatment needs significant investment and control. Therefore any decision to implement such a facility should be carefully considered.

Figure 2.1 Typical stage in the conventional of sewage [Source from Water and Environment Health at London and Loughborough (WELL)]

2.2

Water quality impact of onsite treatment and disposal system Daniel E. Meerof et al. [4] was conducted an evaluation of water quality

impacts of onsite treatment and disposal systems on urban coastal waters and they have studied about the onsite sewage treatment and disposal system (OSTDS) that not properly sited and maintain. From their finding of this study, improperly 6

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maintain of OSTDS will pose a potential risk to the public health and may contribute toward degradation of receiving water body.

2.3

Assessing the water quality index (WQI) of water treatment plant From the M. K. Chaturvedi and J. K. Bassin [5] was carried out the water

quality monitoring exercise with water quality index (WQI) method by using water characteristic data for bore wells and a water treatment plant in Delhi city from December 2006 to August 2007. WQI is used to classify the standard of water whether it is excellent, good, medium, bad, and very bad. M. K Chaturvedi and J. K Bassin was used the National Sanitation Foundation WQI procedure to calculate the WQI. The index range is from 0 to 100 where 100 represent the excellent quality condition. They‟ve collected water samples monthly at a three different place in Delhi and five parameters was analysed which is namely, nitrate, pH, total dissolved solid, turbidity, and temperature of the water. From the finding, they‟ve found that the three samplings of water show that the water quality was between “good” and “medium” and it was acceptable for water supply. The WQI has been considered as one criterion for surface water classification, based on the use of standard parameters for water characterization. This index is numeric expression used to transform large quantities of water characterization data into a single number which represent water quality level (Mohamad Alu Fulazzaky et. al [2])

2.4

Effluent Standard Domestic sewage treatment is largely designed to produce an effluent low in

solids and organic. However, for another treatment that eliminate the nutrient, change the pH and disinfect effluent might be add depending to the environment 7

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discharged from treatment plants the environment. These take the form of acceptable upper limits for various effluent contaminants. Effluent sample from the sewerage treatment plant will be tested in laboratory to make sure the water met the standard and treatment plants are being operated correctly [Indah Water Konsortium]

Table 2.1 Standard Effluent of Malaysia [8] Standard Unit

A

B

Temperature

C

40

40

pH value

-

6.0-9.0

5.5-9.0

BOD5 at 20°

mg/l

20

50

COD

mg/l

50

100

Suspended Solids

mg/l

50

100

Mercury

mg/l

0.005

0.05

Cadmium

mg/l

0.01

0.02

Chromium, Hexavalent

mg/l

0.05

0.05

Arsenic

mg/l

0.05

0.10

Cyanide

mg/l

0.05

0.10

Lead

mg/l

0.10

0.5

Chromium, Trivalent

mg/l

0.20

1.0

Copper

mg/l

0.20

0.1

Manganese

mg/l

0.20

0.1

Nickel

mg/l

0.20

0.1

Tin

mg/l

0.20

0.1

Zinc

mg/l

1.0

1.0

Boron

mg/l

1.0

4.0

Iron (Fe)

mg/l

1.0

5.0

Phenol

mg/l

0.001

1.0

Free Chlorine

mg/l

1.0

2.0

Parameter

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Sulphide

mg/l

0.50

0.5

Oil and Grease

mg/l

Not Detectable

10.0

2.5

Physical and Chemical characteristic of wastewater According to Dr. Sultan A. Salem et. al [6] a discharged of sewage water to

environment increased the availability of plant nutrient and caused the risky effect of hazardous heavy metals, organic pollutant and pathogenic agent. From their study, they‟ve defined the term of sewage water especially for sludge and effluent, and effective sludge treatment processes. They also was identified the general characteristic of sewage water which is physical, chemical and biological characteristic in different location. From a research by Srivastava Anukool and Srivastava Shivani [7], they had done an assessment of Physico-chemical properties and sewage pollution indicator bacteria in surface water of River Gomti in Uttar Pradesh. Their studied was aimed to estimate a current status of Physico-chemical characteristics and level of sewage pollution for the whole Gomti River. The sampling was covered from upstream and downstream region of the river. Eight water samples to be analyzed to determine the status of Physico-chemical of water. The analysis was done such as Water temperature, Total Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solid, Conductivity, pH, COD, BOD and DO. The study for bacteriological samples was focused on parameters like Total Coli (TC), Faecal Coli (FC) and Faecal Streptocoli (FS). From their findings, the high values of sewage pollution indicator bacteria was detected and they are revealed that the quality of water of Gomti River was very poor, unsafe and not acceptable for any purpose. The main cause is totally from the water treatment system from all cities alongside the Gomti River.

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2.5.1

Sewage Sludge Sewage sludge is produced during mechanical, biological and chemical

sewage system. According to P. Kosobucki et. al [9] composition of the sewage sludge is very complex. Sludge is rich in micro- and microelements but the sludge can have toxic compounds and pathogenic organism. Regularly sludge content does not exceed 2% of the effluent sewage volume. Sewage sludge obtained as a by product reflects the chemical composition of the treated sewage. From their research, they have studied about the sewage sludge treatment methods and more attention to non-industrial methods of neutralization of the sewage sludge. Figure 2.2 shows that the selection of sludge treatment methods. It shows that composting and environmental utilization is a preferred ways of sludge management and these two ways are different from the economical point view. The composting is more expensive than the environmental utilization which is cheapest method for neutralized the sewage sludge.

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Figure 2.2 Management for sewage sludge [9]. For the finding of their research, they‟ve defined that there are many methods for neutralization of sewage sludge but the cost have been a serious constraint for this practice. Further development is very important to limit the investment and abuse cost. Sludge management is very important for towards big environmental use and possible with a slow decrease of the storage on public dumping site.

2.6

Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) technology for Wastewater Treatment For Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR), this is simple system. It has a set of

tanks that operate on a fill and draw basis. It made from earthen or other type metal structure. In the SBR system, each tank will be filling during a discrete period time and operated as a batch reactor. The differences of SBR and conventional continuous flow activated sludge system is SBR will carried out various function such as

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aeration, equalization and sedimentation in a time rather in a space sequence. The advantage by using SBR is flexibility in an operation [10]. 2.6.1

Physical description of SBR system SBR was designed consist single or multiple reactor tanks. The operation is in

parallel which is consist of five distinctive operating phase, Fill, React, Settle, Draw, and Idle phase.

Figure 2.3 SBR for one complete cycle [10].

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2.7

Effect of aeration in Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) One of the experiments was carried out by N. Artan and R. Tasli [11]. They

was used SBR to carried out to investigate the effect of filling and aeration on the efficiency of nutrient removal the characteristics of settling. On their study, they was operated a SBR with a cycle time 8 hours in four different operations conditions. The increasing of filling time will gradually reduced the aeration time during these four different conditions. They also defined that the change of sludge characteristic weren‟t given a major effect on nutrient removal. From the result of their experiment, it can be conclude that aeration time fraction is the most important parameter for the operational of SBR that will influences the efficiency of the nutrient removal.

In the reaction process in SBR that involved aeration process, it involves the utilization of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and ammonia nitrogen where it is applicable by microorganism. The duration of aeration period and the mass of sludge will determines the degree of the wastewater treatment. Aeration period length was depending on the wastewater strength and the degree of nitrification provided for the wastewater treatment [15].

2.8

Aeration Process Energy Audit In the wastewater plant, aeration and pumping is the largest energy user. The

largest energy user in the water system is the pump [12]. Energy consumption in wastewater treatment is approximately about 60% can be attributed to the oxidation process or aeration process [16]. . 13

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2.9

Energy optimization of the aeration process A. Thunberg et. al. [13] studies for energy optimization at Käppala

Wastewater Treatment Plant in Stockholm Sweden. Aeration of biological treatment consumes the largest energy in conventional wastewater treatment plants. They performed a full-scale optimization experiment of the dissolved oxygen (DO) control in the aerobic tanks. The strategy gave a reduction of the total airflow of 18% and with conserved treatment efficiency. They modified the strategy and the results are similar to those in the preceding experiments.

2.10

Electricity cost in Wastewater Treatment Plant In order to sustain the economic growth of Malaysia, an electricity provider,

Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) was taking steps in energy supply, which is managing the utilization of imbalance energy by promoting a better participation from the customer through a program known as Demand Side Management (DSM) [14]. In this country, TNB was introduced a C2 Tariff for the wastewater treatment plant.

Table 2.2 TNB Tariff for commercial category Tariff Category Tariff B Low Voltage Commercial Tariff For all kWh The minimum monthly charge is RM7.20 Tariff C1 14

Unit

Rates

cent/kWh

32.3

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Medium Voltage General Commercial Tariff For each kilowatt of maximum demand per month RM/kW 19.50 For all kWh cent/kW 23.4 The minimum monthly charge is RM 600.00 Tariff C2 Medium Voltage Peak/Off Peak Commercial Tariff For each kilowatt of maximum demand per month during the peak-period RM/kW 29.00 For all kWh during the peak-period cent/kW 23.4 For all kWh during the off peak-period cent/kW 14.4 The minimum monthly charge is RM 600.00 (Source: Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB) Malaysia)

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CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

3.1

Introduction Methodology is a study about the procedure or method used to obtain and

collect the require information. Among the methods used in this project is to interview the concerned person in respect of project undertaken and also from the observations from the visits and analysis of existing information. The information collected will be analysing to obtain the data from the procedure or method use. The data was analysed to facilitate by means of graph based on the results of the experiments and the analysis of the result.

3.2

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Process Flow of Research START  Introduction to sewage treatment plant  Water Index Quality (WQI)  Effluent Standard  Physical and Chemical characteristic of waste water  Sewage Sludge  Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) System  Aeration Process Energy Audit

Acquire journal from the past research and development.

Analyze and understand the acquired journals

Identify relation between journals with project

Relation with the project

Research on Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)

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 Actual process duration of SBR is 60 minutes.  Adjustment operation to: - 55 Minutes -50 minutes -45 Minutes

Experiment: Changing the operation of Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR)

Water testing to check the quality of water  pH Test  Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Test  Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Test  Suspended Solid Test  Oil and Grease Test

Water Samples and testing

Assist by Co. Supervisor, UiTM Puncak Alam sewage treatment plant staff and contractor

Obtain the result from the experiment

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 Quality of water  Energy consumption for the every Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) duration  Analyzed the energy saving  Electricity cost estimation

Result analysis

Relate the result with the project‟s objective

Project objectives achieved

Conclusion

TERMINATION

Figure 3.1 Process flow of the research

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Gantt Chart for Final Year Project I

Task

1

PERSONAL

3.3

2

Semester Duration (Months) Activities Final Year Project I Search for project and confirmation Problem Statement,Objectives and Scope of Project

3

Literature Review

4

Project Methodology

5

Proposal Submit to Supervisor

6

Final Presentation

Part 7 July

August

Remarks: Planning Actual

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September

October

November

December January

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Gannt Chart for Final Year Project I

Task

1

PERSONAL

3.4

Semester Duration (Months) Activities Final Year Project II Seasonal Mode Research at UiTM Puncak Alam

2

Sequantial Batch Reactor (SBR) Operation Research

3

Samples of water from SBR operational changes

4

Samples of water testing

5

Result compilation for water testing and energy consumption

6

Progress update

7

Draft submission for 2nd Examiner

8

Final Presentation

9

Final Report submission

Part 8 February

21

Mac

April

May

June

July

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3.5

Laboratory Tests Samples of water will take from the plant to go through a laboratory tests.

Several test to be conduct such as Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) test, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) test, Suspended Solid (SS) test and Oil and Grease test. The purpose of this laboratory test is to determine whether the wastewater was discharge into the environment is meet the standard needed by Department of Environment (DOE) Malaysia. Table 3.1 Test Method for water parameters TEST PARAMETER

UNIT

TEST METHOD

pH value

-

APHA 4500-H+ B

BOD 5 @ 200C

mg/l

APHA 5210 B

COD

mg/l

APHA 5220 C

Suspended Solids

mg/l

APHA 2540 D

Oil and Grease

mg/l

APHA 5520 B

*APHA - American Public Health Association 21st Edition 2005 3.5.1

Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Test Procedure i.

To ensure proper biological activity during the BOD test, a wastewater sample: a. Must be free of chlorine. If chlorine is present in the sample, a dechlorination chemical (sodium sulphite) been added prior to testing. b. Needs to be in the pH range of 6.5 - 7.5 S.U If the sample is outside this range, then acid or base been added as needed. c. Needs to have an existing adequate microbiological population. If the microbial population is inadequate or unknown, a seed solution of bacteria added along with an essential nutrient buffer solution that ensures bacteria population vitality.

ii.

Specialized 300 mL BOD bottles designed to allow full filling with no air space and provide an airtight seal are used. The bottles a filled with the sample to be tested or dilution (distilled or deionised) water and various amounts of the wastewater sample added to reflect different 22

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dilutions. At least one bottle is filled only with dilution water as a control or “blank. iii.

A DO meter is used to measure the initial dissolved oxygen concentration (mg/L) in each bottle, which should be a least 8.0 mg/L. Each bottle in then placed into a dark incubator at 20°C for five days.

iv.

After five days (± 3 hours) the DO meter is used again to measure a final dissolved oxygen concentration (mg/L), which ideally will be a reduction of at least 4.0 mg/L.

v.

The final DO reading is then subtracted from the initial DO reading and the result is the BOD concentration (mg/L). If the wastewater sample required dilution, the BOD concentration reading is multiplied by the dilution factor

3.5.1.1 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Equation i.

Solve for BOD )

ii.

Solve for ultimate BOD (

iii.

(3.2.1.1.1)

(3.2.1.1.2)

)

Solve for seeded BOD )

)

(3.2.1.1.3)

Or )

iv.

(3.2.1.1.4)

Solve for temperature of interest )

(3.2.1.1.5)

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Where:

3.5.2

BOD

biochemical oxygen demand

L

ultimate biological demand

k

ultimate biological demand

t

time

D1

initial diluted seeded wastewater dissolved oxygen

D2

final diluted seeded wastewater dissolved oxygen

B1

initial diluted seed sample DO

B2

final diluted seed sample DO

f

seed volume ratio

P

wastewater decimal fraction

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Test Procedure i.

Previous to completing the COD test, a series of known standards are prepared using KHP (potassium hydrogen phthalate). Most wastewater samples will fall in the high range, so standards of 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L are typically prepared. COD standards can also be purchased.

ii.

A COD reactor/heating (150°C) block and a colorimeter are turned on so that both instruments are allowed to stabilize.

iii.

Pre-prepared low-range (3 - 150 ppm) or high-range (20 - 1500 ppm) vials are selected for the COD test based on expected results. Both ranges can be used if expected results are unknown.

iv.

One vial is marked as a blank and three or four vials are marked with known standard levels. Two vials are then marked for the wastewater sample to make a duplicate run. Note: If multiple wastewater samples are being run, at least 10% of samples are duplicated.

v.

2 mL of liquid are added to each vial. In the case of the blank 2 mL of DI water are added. 2 mL of each standard are added to the corresponding vials. If the wastewater sample is tested at full strength, then 2 mL is added to the corresponding vial. If dilution is required,

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then serial dilutions are performed and 2 mL of the diluted sample are added to the corresponding vial. vi.

Each vial is mixed well and placed into the reactor block for two hours. After two hours, the vials are removed from the block to a cooling rack for about 15 minutes.

vii.

The colorimeter is set and calibrated per the specific instructions for that unit (i.e., proper wavelength, blank and standards) and each vial is placed in the unit and the COD concentration read.

viii. 3.5.3

If the sample diluted, the corresponding multiplication been made. Oil and Grease Test Procedure

i.

A clean flask is dried, cooled and weighed.

ii.

A 1L wastewater sample is acidified (typically using hydrochloric or sulphuric acid) to a pH ≤ 2.

iii.

The acidified wastewater sample is then transferred to a 2L separator funnel.

iv.

30 mL of the extraction chemical (n-Hexane) then added to the funnel and the funnel had shaken vigorously for two minutes.

v.

The wastewater/extraction chemical layers are allowed to separate in the funnel (the lighter water layer will be on the top and heavier extraction chemical layer will be on the bottom). The bottom layer of extraction chemical is drained into the flask prepared in Step 1.

vi.

Steps 4/5 are repeated twice more to extract O&G.

vii.

The contents of the flask (the extraction chemical containing O&G) are then heated so that the extraction chemical is distilled into another container.

viii.

The flask (containing the extracted O&G) is reweighed. The original weight of the flask is subtracted and the total O&G weight in mg is calculated. The results provide the O&G concentration in mg/L.

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3.5.4

Total Suspended Solid Procedure i.

Make a preparation of the glass fibre filter disk.

ii.

Sample of water selection with a maximum of 200mL that will yield no more than 200 mg of total suspended solids.

iii.

Place the filter on the base and clamp on funnel and apply vacuum.

iv.

Shake the sample vigorously and quantitatively transfer the sample to the filter using a large orifice, volumetric pipette. Remove all traces of water by continuing to apply vacuum after sample has passed through.

v.

Rinse the pipette and funnel onto the filter with small volume of MilliQ water. Remove all traces of water by continuing to apply vacuum after water has passed through.

vi.

Carefully remove the funnel and filter from the base. Dry at least one hour at 103-105EC. Cool in desiccators and weigh.

vii.

Retain the sample in the dish for subsequent ignition at 550oC if volatile suspended solids are desired.

3.5.4.1 Total Suspended Solid Calculation )

Where: A = weight of filter + dried residue, mg and B = weight of filter, mg

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(3.2.4.1.1)

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CHAPTER 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1

Introduction In this section, it will shows that the result of the experiment. There are three

samples of water had been test in order to determine the standard effluent. Samples of water were taken after through the adjustment operation in Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) system. There are two types of water has been tested which is water in (water flows in the wastewater treatment plant or influent) and water out (water discharge from the plant or effluent). The current process of SBR is 60 minutes per cycle. Standard grade water discharged to the environment is A for the 60 minutes operation of SBR. Energy consumption after reducing the SBR operation also being recorded and analyzed in this section. The main purpose for the energy consumption analysis is to determine the energy saving for this plant per day and per month after reducing operational time of SBR.

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Table 4.1 Sample 1 data obtain for Sequential Batch Reactor operation SAMPLE 1 No.

1

2

3

4

Duration

Parameters

pH BOD COD 1 Hour Suspended Solid Oil and Grease pH BOD 55 Minutes COD Suspended Solid Oil and Grease pH BOD 50 Minutes COD Suspended Solid Oil and Grease pH BOD 45 Minutes COD Suspended Solid Oil and Grease

Water In

Water Out

6.9 at 26 deg 155 471 236 97 6.9 at 26 deg 156 472 230 99 6.7 at 26 deg 153 465 232 97 6.9 at 26 deg 156 470 235 97

6.1 at 26 deg 4 19 20 Not detected (