Final Souvenir Gips

Inception….. THE TRUST ROOP CHAND RAMJI LAL EDUCATIONAL TRUST HAS SET UP A NEW EDUCATIONAL CAMPUS, COMPRISING OF GOEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT AND GOEL INSTITUTE OF PHARMACY & SCIENCES, GOEL INSTITUTE OF HIGHER STUDIES & GOEL INSTITUTE OF HIGHER STUDIES MAHAVIDALYA. BRINGING TOGETHER THE CREATIVE ZEAL OF RURAL AND URBAN STUDENTS AND DEVELOP THEM TO BECOME SUCCESSFUL PROFESSIONALS THROUGH IMPARTING WORLD CLASS QUALITY EDUCATION. MOTIVATE THE STUDENTS TO REALIZE THEIR OWN POTENTIAL, ANALYTICAL AND ETHICAL CAPABILITIES USING UP-TO-DATE INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITY IN THE CAMPUS TO BECOME GLOBALLY COMPETITIVE ENGINEERS AND WORTHY CITIZEN OF THIS GREAT COUNTRY, INDIA. ESTABLISHMENT OF GOEL GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS IS THE FIRST STEP TOWARDS OUR CONCERN TO SERVE THE SOCIETY BY IMPARTING MORAL VALUES AND KNOWLEDGE USEFUL FOR THE SOCIETY AND COUNTRY AT LARGE. IT IS OUR ENDEAVOR TO PROVIDE QUALITY EDUCATION TO YOUNG BOYS & GIRLS WHO ARE ASPIRING FOR BRIGHT FUTURE. I ASSURE THAT THE INSTITUTE WOULD FULFILL THE REQUIREMENT OF THE STUDENTS & MAKE THEM SUCCESSFUL PROFESSIONALS TO SERVE THE SOCIETY & COUNTRY AT LARGE.

Goel Group of Institutions, Lucknow

Chairman Message… It’s a matter of great pleasure that “Pharmacists: Caring for you” is the theme of this year’s World

Pharmacists

Day.

year’s

theme

chosen

reflect

the

was

important

This

role

to of

pharmacists in providing care to the public, and also to highlight the emotional connection they

Mr. Ashok Kumar Agarwal Chairman

have with their patients. The role of pharmacists has evolved from that of a provider of medicines to that of a provider of care. Pharmacists have a vital role in the outcome of pharmacological therapies and ultimately strive to improve patients’ quality of life. I am honored and delighted to welcome you to participate in the first National conference of the theme “Pharmacists: Caring for you” at Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, Lucknow as dated on 25 September 2016.

Vice Chairman Message… I am please to here that Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, a part of Goel group of Institutions, Lucknow

is

going

National

to

organize

Conference

“Pharmacists:

Caring

for

a on

you”.

Pharmacists, being the first point of

Mr. Murari Lal Goel Vice Chairman

contact for the society for their health needs, can positively help in achieving the mission of “Public Health”. I hope that this has created confidence amongst the Pharmacists for the work done by the various Pharmacist associations fighting to you the cause of Pharmacist. I congratulate the organizer for the success of the conference. .

Managing Director Message... I am very happy to note that we are going to organize a first National Conference

entitled

theme on “Pharmacists: Caring for you” by Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences,

Lucknow

as

dated on 25 September

Er. Mahesh Goel Managing Director

2016. The major focus of first National Conference is to create awareness amongst the public, other healthcare providers and the authorities, about the world Pharmacist day theme in specific, and about the Pharmacy profession and the role of the pharmacist in general. Pharmacies are contributing to the improvement of public health by creating awareness about TB and its early detection, referring the TB suspects and by providing Government’s free anti-TB medicines, DOTS through the pharmacies. This could be a first step towards improving the status of Pharmacists in public health care. There are many more such milestones yet to be achieved. In years to come, pharmacists will also be seen as an integral part of other National Health Programme.

Director General, GIPS Message... I am happy to know that Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences Lucknow is organizing the first national conference on “Pharmacists: Caring for you” as dated on 25 Sept 2016 on the

occasion

Pharmacist day. emerging

area

science.

of

of

world

This

is

the

Pharmaceutical

Dr. Satyawan Singh Director General

I hope the deliberation’s will create awareness of the profession in the society and thus upgrade the status of the Pharmacist. I wish your endeavor a success to achieve the objectives and goal.

Director, GIPS Message... I am Happy to know that GIPS is organizing first National Conference. I am sure that the conference will

facilitate

professional

overall

development

in the field of Pharmacy and

the

derive

students

will

significance

benefits.

Dr. Neeraj Verma Director In-charge, GIPS

The message, I would like to convey to my dear students in that you as future Pharmacist and Pharmaceutical Scientist are in a very privileged profession, which give you a great opportunity to serve the society by promoting good health, fulfill this goal to the best of your ability and you would have lived your life well. I on behalf of GIPS extend greeting and good wishes for the success of National Conference on “Pharmacists: Caring for you” to be held on 25 Sept 2016. I wish the first National Conference great success to achieve its aim.

Director, GITM Message... Dear Pharmacist I am pleased to know that Goel Institute

of

Pharmacy

&

Sciences, Lucknow which is a part

of

Goel

Group

of

Institutions

is

organizing

a

National

Conference

on

“Pharmacists: Caring for you” as dated on 25 Sept 2016 on the

Dr. A. K. Bhardwaj Director, GITM

occasion of world Pharmacist day. All over the world, on Sunday 25 September, pharmacists will celebrate World Pharmacists Day. This special day, was established by the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), the global federation

of

national

associations

of

pharmacists

and

pharmaceutical scientists, which is in official relations with the World Health Organization. The purpose of World Pharmacists Day is to encourage activities that promote and advocate for the role of the pharmacist in improving health in every corner of the world. I hope the conference will light up the minds of Pharma educators and Pharmacy professionals to fulfill the current need of the county. I wish GIPS all the best and grand success of the conference.

Principal, GIHS Message... It gives me great pride to welcome National

you

at

Conference

the on

“Pharmacists: Caring for you” organized by GIPS Lucknow on 25 Sept 2016 on the occasion of world Pharmacist day.

Dr. Santosh Pandey Principal, GIHS

This conference will be beneficial to pharmacist, teachers & Students which provide appropriate platform to meet each other to discuss and exchange their knowledge. I convey my best wishes at this occasion and wish the conference a grand success.

Message from Director Admin, GGI It is indeed a matter of great pleasure

and

honor

on

the

occasion of world Pharmacist day I

convey

my

heartiest

congratulations and best wishes to GIPS for organizing one day National

Conference

on

“Pharmacists: Caring for you” on 25 Sept 2016.

Mr. Arun Kumar Gakhar Admin Director, GITM

I am sure the seminar will address all the issues in this area including deliberation and result in appropriate field. I wish to all success to this visionary conference and congratulate the organizers for such an important topic of current interest.

Dean Message... I am please to know that

Goel

Pharmacy

institute &

of

Sciences,

Lucknow is organizing one day National Conference on Pharmacists:

Caring

for

you” as dated on 25 Sept 2016

on

the

occasion

of

Dr. Arun Kumar Singh Dean, GGI

world Pharmacist day. I am sure that the Conference will address the issues in this area towards developing better course content which would help the budding pharmacist to excel in their professional life. I wish the program a grand success.

Message from Proctor… It gives me immense pleasure and priviledge to welcome National

you

at

the

first

Conference

on

Pharmacists:

Caring

for

you” at Goel Institute of Pharmacy

&

Sciences,

Lucknow. This conference is target

to

utilization

discuss

effective

of

Pharma

Resources in the Healthcare

Mr. Akash Ved Proctor GGI

system of the nation. During this conference, the learned speakers will share their rich experience and expertise on various issues of Pharmaceutical science. I would like to thanks organizing committee for putting their hard work and sincere efforts. I wish all the delegates will appreciate the arrangements and enjoy their participation.

ADVISORY COMMITTEE Dr. R. K. Khar (D.G. BSIP, Faridabad, Haryana) Dr. (Prof.) Shailendra K. Saraf (Director BBDNIIT, LKO, U.P.) Dr. (Prof.) Ranjeet Singh (Director, ISF College of Pharmacy, Punjab) Dr. A.K.S. Rawat (Sr. Principal Scientist NBRI LKO, U.P.) Dr. V.K. Khanna (Sr. Principal Scientist IITR LKO, U.P.) Dr. N.P. Yadav (Sr. Principal Scientist, CIMAP, LKO, U.P.) Dr. U. S. Sara (Director MCSCOP, LKO, U.P.) Dr. Alok Mukherjee (Director, Allahabad, U.P.) Dr. P. K. Tripathi (Director, RIP, LKO, U.P.) Dr. Hemlata (Asso. Prof., BHU, Varanasi, U.P.) Dr. K.C. Rastogi Director HIPER, LKO, U.P.) Dr. Rajeev Gupta (Dean, BBD University, LKO, U.P.) Dr S.K. Panda (Director SCOP, LKO, U.P.) Dr. P.K. Shahu (Asso. Prof., SOA Uni. Orissa) Dr. Swastika Ganguly (Prof., BIT Mesra, Ranchi Jharkhand)) Dr. P. Selvamani (Prof. Anna University, Chennai) Dr. Anurag Mishra (Director, ACOP, Varanasi, U.P.) Dr. Imtiyaz (Director AIPR, LKO, U.P.) Dr. Zeshan Husain (Director M.G. I.P. LKO, U.P.) Dr. Mahesh Prasad (Director KNIMT, Sultanpur, U.P.) Dr. S. K. Prajapati (Director BU, Jhansi, U.P.) Dr. Krishna Mohan (Director, SCOP, Hyderabad, A.P.) Dr. M.K. Gupta (Asso. Prof, SKIP Jaipur, Rajasthan) Dr. Vishal Dubey (Asso. Prof. ACP Kanpur, U.P.) Dr. Vivek Tomar (Asso. Prof, IPS, Gwalior, M.P.) Dr. Vishal Jain (Asst. Pro, Pt.RSU., C.G.) Dr. Sanjay K. Baburao (HRPIPER, Naka, MAHARASTRA) Dr. Mahendra Rana (Asso. Prof, Kumaun Uni. U.K.) Mr. Vipin Agarwal (Asso. Prof., Invertis Uni. Bareli) Mr. Dinesh Pal (Shreya Life Sciences, U.K.) Mr. Devendra (Scientist Zydus Cadila, Gujarat) Mr. Dhananjay Pandey (Lupin, Indore, M.P.) Mr. Shashank Mishra (Naari Pharma, U.K.)

SCIENTIFIC ABSTRACTS

DEVELOPMENT OF LIPID NANOPARTICLE IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM A NOVEL APPROACH: A REVIEW Patel Dilip 1*, Kumar Vikas 1, Mazumdar Bhaskar 2 1 2

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SHIATS, Allahabad, U.P., India

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam, India *Corresponding author E-Mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT It was in 1990 when the first experiments in the production of lipid nanoparticles were performed in academic labs. The lipid nanoparticles were developed in parallel by M. R. Gasco in Turin/Italy, and by R. H. Müller/Berlin and J. S. Lucks, both at this time in Kiel/North Germany. The particle matrix of these novel carriers consisted of a solid lipid, therefore, to clearly differentiate these particles from nanoemulsions and fluid liposomes, they were called solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). This novel delivery system was then presented as alternative to nanoemulsions, liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles, and attracted attention by research groups all over the world. In 1999, the second generation of lipid nanoparticles was developed, the so called nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). In these particles the matrix is composed not only of one solid lipid, but of a blend of a solid and a liquid lipid (e.g. oil). Advantages of NLC when compared to SLN are an increased loading capacity of actives. SLN and NLC are suited for the incorporation of lipophilic actives, whereas the loading with hydrophilic molecules is relatively low. This is because hydrophilic molecules can only be solubilised in the lipid matrix. To overcome this obstacle, in 2001 the so called lipid-drug-conjugates (LDC) were developed by Müller and Olbrich. Keywords: SLN, NLC, LDC, Lipid Nanoparticle, Nanoparticle.

RECENT ADVANCES IN DOCKING AND SCORING Singh Rohit, Mirza Beg Ahasan Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, Lucknow (U.P.) Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT This review is focused on recent advances and new aspects in the field of molecular docking and scoring, and it covers multiple applications and case studies. Basic requirements and different algorithms for docking are briefly discussed. Moreover, parameters that influence docking results, combination of different docking algorithms and scoring functions, performance of scoring functions, docking using homology models, and ligand and protein flexibility are examined to give an overview of the state-of-the-art methods and a survey of innovative approaches in molecular docking and scoring. Regarding the enormous amount of literature in this field we restrict ourselves on an overview of several important advances in docking and scoring techniques published. The aim of a docking procedure is often the discovery of new lead candidates. The identification of an overall reliable and robust scoring function seems to be one of the main challenges to be addressed in the near future. Yet, the combination of scoring functions in a consensus score presents a well-established, however, questionable approach to overcome this problem. Nevertheless, novel algorithms will arise to find new solutions to the docking problem and overcome the limitations of recently developed scoring functions. Especially the issue of protein flexibility and induced-fit motions of the protein will gain in importance over the coming years in the design and discovery of novel lead candidates by means of protein-ligand docking and scoring. Keywords: Molecular docking, virtual screening, docking, homology modeling.

NOVEL CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUE FOR NANO PARTICULATE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A REVIEW Kesharwani Roohi 1*, Sachan Anupam 2, Patel Dilip 3 1

Chandra Shekhar Singh College of Pharmacy, Kaushambi, Allahabad, U.P., India 2 Dayanand Dinanath College, Institute of Pharmacy, Kanpur, India. 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, SHIATS, Allahabad, U.P., India E-Mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS) have attracted a lot of attention because of their size-dependent properties. Among the array of nanoparticles being currently investigated by pharmaceutical scientists, lipid nanoparticles have taken the lead because of obvious advantages of higher degree of biocompatibility and versatility. Lipid nano formulations can be tailored to meet a wide range of product requirements dictated by disease condition, route of administration and considerations of cost, product stability, toxicity and efficacy. The proven safety and efficacy of lipid-based carriers make them attractive candidates for the formulation of pharmaceuticals, as well as vaccines, diagnostics and nutraceuticals. The need to fine-tune different nanoparticle properties to make them suitable for specific applications has sparked a large number of worldwide research efforts aimed at their tailoring. However, full use of these structures in these applications requires more detailed information and a feedback of data coming from reliable characterization techniques. In general, most of these techniques comprise local probes, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, with bulk-sensitive probes such as optical absorption spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy (Fourier transform IR), and Raman scattering, and X-ray–based techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption (X-ray absorption near edge structure and extended X-ray absorption fine structure) are used to characterize nanoparticulate system. Keywords: DDS, Lipid Nanoparticle, SEM, TEM, FTIR.

ROLE OF ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (ANP) IN CARDIOPROTECTION Tiwari Arun Kumar 1*, Narayan, Yadav Harlokesh 2 1

Chandra Shekhar Singh College of Pharmacy, Pooramufti, Allahabad, (U.P.) India 2 All Indian Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India *Corresponding Author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a circulating hormone of cardiac origin that plays an important role in the regulation of intravascular blood volume and vascular tone. ANP mainly acts on natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPRA) and natriuretic peptide receptor C (NPRC) which are guanylyl cyclase-linked and uses cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) as the intracellular messenger. ANPANP is noted to regulate the pharmacologic action such as diuresis, natriuresis, and vasodilation and give antihypertrophic effect. ANP is a stimulator of particulate guanylate cyclase and has been found to protect against reoxygenated-induced hypercontracture in isolated cardiomyocytes by increasing cGMP synthesis. ANP exerts cardioprotective effect, possibly through the nitric oxide (NO) production. ANP activates the eNOS and subsequently increases the generation of NO. I/R injury after regional or global ischemia involves in damage to the cardiomyocytes, vascular smooth muscle, and endothelial cell and when administration of ANP at the time of reperfusion protects the myocardium from I/R injury. ANP perfusion shows cardioprotective effect in various pathological states by facilitating the release of NO and subsequently activation of eNOS with the involvement of ischemic preconditioning cardioprotective phenomenon. Keywords: Atrial natriuretic peptide, Nitric Oxide, Ischemic preconditioning.

SWINE FLU: HAVE WE FULLY EXPLORED THE HERBAL OPTION? Prakash Om* Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, Lucknow (U.P.) Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Swine flu, caused by the H1N1 virus, is a fast spreading pandemic disease (as declared by WHO) of the respiratory system. Earlier, swine flu was reported only in pigs (Sus domestica), but of late, a considerable number of cases all over the world has been reported in humans too. Though the most popular treatment adopted by those suffering from swine flu is allopathic medication mainly Tamiflu (Oseltamivir) by Roche and Relenza (Zanamivir) by Glaxo Smithkline. There are numerous drugs of herbal origin with proven antiviral potential like Ocimum, Ginger etc. with some of the marker compounds like Eugenol, luteolin, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, 6-gingerol and Glabridin etc. which can provide ‗leads‘ to prevent such fatalities. In earlier outbreak of Bird flu (Avian influenza) herbal drugs like Garlic, Black elderberry, Echinacea, Curcuma, Astragalus etc. attracted significant attention and prompted us to explore the herbal option for swine flu. Based on the ancient knowledge of traditional medicine that our country is having, Natural remedies for swine flu are equally justified treatment options, as they are readily available, economically viable and also free of harmful side effects that are generally caused by allopathic medicines. Various herbal aspects dealing with swine flu has been taken up in this work. Keywords: Swine Flu, Tamiflu, Herbal Drugs.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A DENSITOMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF L DOPA IN SEEDS OF MUCUNA PRURIENS AND ITS HERBAL DOSAGE FORM Behera Anindita* School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Campus – II, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar

ABSTRACT A simple, sensitive, selective densitometric method was developed and validated for the determination of L - dopa in seeds of Mucuna pruriens and its herbal dosage form. Analysis of L - Dopa was carried out on TLC plates pre-coated with silica gel 60F254 as stationary phase. The mobile phase consisted of n-butanol – glacial acetic acid – water (5:1:4, v/v/v) at room temperature (25 ± 2º C). Camag TLC scanner III was used for densitometric scanning and analysis was done in absorption mode at 280nm. The system gave spot for L - Dopa (Rf value of 0.39 ± 0.04). The polynomial regression analysis data for the calibration plots showed correlation coefficient R2 = 0.999 in concentration range 100 – 1000 ng/ spot with respect to peak area. According to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines, the method was validated for precision, recovery, robustness and ruggedness. The limits of detection and quantification were determined. The statistical data analysis showed that the method is reproducible and selective for estimation of L - Dopa. Keywords: Mucuna pruriens, densitometric scanning, L - Dopa.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF KETOROLAC OCULAR PHTRIGGERED IN-SITU GEL MIRZA BEG AHASAN*, KUGALUR GANESAN PARTHIBAN, RANGASAMY MANIVANNAN AND SENTHIL KUMAR Department of Pharmaceutics, Goel Institute of Pharmacy and Sciences, Faizabad Road, Near Indira Canal, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.

ABSTRACT The present study was aimed to prepare and characterise pH triggered in situ gel based ophthalmic drug delivery system of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), ketorolac. Polyacrylic acid (carbopol 940) was used as a gelling agent in combination with hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC- K15M, K4M) as a viscosity enhancer. Benzalkonium chlorides at suitable concentration were used as a preservative. The formulations were sterilized by moist heat sterilization as per I.P. The prepared formulations were evaluated for clarity, pH measurement, gelling capacity, drug content, and in vitro diffusion study. Under rheological investigation both solution and gel was found to be in pseudo plastic behaviour. The selected formulations showed sustained release over a period of 8hrs with increased resident time. Eye irritation test using the Draize test protocol with cross over studies were preformed on selected formulations. All studies shown favourable results thus in-situ gelling system is a valuable alternative to counter the precorneal loss a major drawback in the ophthalmic preparation. Keywords: Ketorolac, in situ gel, Differential scanning calorimetry, in vitro diffusion study.

PHARMACISTS: HEALTH CARE PROVIDER Singh Arpita * Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, Lucknow (U.P.) Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The profession of pharmacy has passed several rounds of advancements over the past few years, expanded in terms of professional services delivery now recognized as an integral profession in the multidisciplinary sector of health care. Pharmacists practice in a variety of health care zones and represents third-largest health profession to achieve intended goals. Pharmacists have the professional expertise to address key challenges facing the health care system, including the prevalence of people who have multiple chronic conditions and increase use of more complex medications to manage the diseases. Although they are most often associated with dispensing medications in retail pharmacies, their role is evolving to include providing direct care to patients as members of integrated health care provider teams. It has changed the traditional positioning of pharmacists as business people into patient-centered healthcare professionals. In contrast to the situation in developed countries, pharmacists in developing countries are still underutilized and their role as health care professionals is not deemed important by either the community or other health care providers, the lack of recognition is limited due to less interaction of pharmacists with the society. The main problem faced is the shortage of pharmacists in pharmacies. Moreover, their services are focused towards management more than towards customers. For these reasons, the pharmacist's role as a health care professional is not familiar to the public. It concludes that although the pharmacy profession is continuously evolving, the health care system has yet to recognize the pharmacist's role as a professional in the health care management system. Keywords: Pharmacy practice, Pharmacist, health care provider.

ELECTRO SPUN: NANOFIBROUS MATS, A MODERN WOUND DRESSING MATRIX WITH A POTENTIAL OF DRUG DELIVERY AND THERAPEUTICS Kori Yash Pal *, Verma Raejesh2 1

Faculty of Pharmacy, Kamla Nehru Institute of Management & Technology, Sultanpur 2 Faculty of Pharmacy, Ashoka Institute of Technology & Management Varanasi

ABSTRACT Nanofibers have emerged as advanced fibers with broad use and potential in biomedical fields in recent decades. The process of healing is an innate immune response towards a pathophysiology such as wound. Ordinary time taken for wound healing is approximately 2-3 days depending upon the chronic state. Air moisture and microbes risk pathological manifestations leading to delayed or incomplete palliate process. An external agent that can provide balanced moisture, increasing cell proliferation with microbial infiltration or anti- bacterial activity, aids to speed the healing process. Apart from these qualities, an ideal material should be simple, cost effective, and repeatable. Nanofibers produced through electro spinning have become a promising strategy in the treatment of wounds. Apart from being simple in application, they are produced from natural or synthetic polymers. Nanofibers exhibit high surface area, nanoporosity, with a potential to load potent drugs or enzymes. Other biomedical applications include use of nanofibers as tissue scaffolds and as masking agents in modern cosmetics. Therefore nanofibers are excellent candidates for wound treatment and management. The current review is an attempt to discuss and present literature about different techniques, chemical materials, and entities used to produce efficient electrospun nanofibers for use in pathological, medicinal, or treatment or management of injury or laceration. Keywords: Drug delivery, Electro spinning, Matrix, Nanofibers, Polymer, Wound healing.

PHARMACEUTICAL NANOEMULSION AS POTENTIAL VEHICLES FOR TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF DRUG Singh Bhuwanesh Pratap Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, Lucknow (U.P.)

ABSTRACT An advanced mode of drug delivery system has been developed to overcome the major drawbacks associated with conventional drug delivery systems. This review gives a detailed idea about a nanoemulsion system. Topical and transdermal drug delivery systems are noninvasive and can be self-administered with the minimization of side-effects, have received increased attention during the past few years. Nanoemulsions, emulsions sized between 20-200 nm with narrow distributions, offer several advantages for topical and transdermal delivery of pharmaceutical agents including controlled droplet size, the ability to efficiently dissolve lipophilic drugs, enhanced skin permeation and extended release of lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs. The efficacy of the nanoemulsion is enhanced by the nature and type of surfactant and co-surfactant used. Thus in this article ability of the nanoemulsion as a transdermal and topical delivery system is reviewed. Keywords: Nanoemulsion, Transdernmal, Co-surfactant.

REVIEW ON TUBERCULOSIS Singh Rajesh Kumar * 1

SRMS College of Engineering and Technology(Department of Pharmacy) Bareilly, U.P Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Tuberculosis is

an

infectious

disease usually

caused

by

the

bacteria Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections do not have symptoms, known as latent tuberculosis.The progression of the disease can have several outcomes, determined largely by the response of the host immune system. The efficacy of this response is affected by intrinsic factors such as the genetics of the immune system as well as extrinsic factors, e.g., insults to the immune system and the nutritional and physiological state of the host. About 10% of latent infections eventually progresses to active disease which, if left untreated, kills about half of those infected. The classic symptoms of active TB are a chronic with bloodtinged, sputum, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. This weight loss gave rise to the old term "consumption" for the disease. Infection of other organs can cause a wide range of symptoms, Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) kills more young and middle-aged adults than any other infectious disease (WHO, 1999). Though it is curable and preventable, more than 5,000 people die of TB every day (2 to 3 million people per year) (WHO, 1999). To develop more rapid molecular tests for identifying drug-resistant strains of MTB; meanwhile, efforts to discover antibody or antigen targets to guide the development of point-of-care tests remain nascent and underfunded.The most common medications used to treat tuberculosis are Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethambutol, and Pyrazinamide. Keywords: Tuberculosis, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Ethambutol, Immune System.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY – A MYSTERY Srivastava Shweta* Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, Lucknow (U.P.).

ABSTRACT Every year, more cases of sepsis appear in intensive care units. Despite many years of research, it is still not known at which stage of sepsis the first signs of Septic encephalopathy appears. Numerous studies indicate that changes in the brain involve free radicals, nitric oxide, increased synthesis of inflammatory factors, disturbances in cerebral circulation, microthromboses, and ischemia, which cause considerable neuronal destruction in different areas of the brain. The breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is considered a focal point in the development of sepsis-induced brain damage. It represents the severe end of symptoms like weakness, anorexia, malaise and concentration deficits that are commonly found in febrile patients. To date, we are far from fully understanding the neuropathology that develops as a secondary remote organ injury as a consequence of sepsis. Keywords: Sepsis, Septic encephalopathy, Brain inflammation, Cognitive dysfunction, seizures, Cytokines.

THE EFFECT OF CARICA PAPAYA LEAVES ON PLATELETS COUNT IN DENGU FEVER Hassan Aziz 1, Singh Vishv Pratap, Chauhan Abhishek, Khan Raziuddin, Hussain Zeashan Department of Pharmaceutics , Mahatma Gandhi Institute Of Pharmacy – Junabganj-227101, Lucknow - (U.P.)

ABSTRACT Thrombocytopenia in dengue fever is a common and serious complication. However, no specific treatment is available for dengue fever induced thrombocytopenia. In few countries (India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and other Asian countries) the leaf extract of Carica papaya has been effectively used for thrombocytopenia. So, the study is planned to access effect of Carica papaya leaf extract on platelet count in dengue fever patients. The results showed that CPLE had significant increase in the platelet count over the therapy duration, in dengue fever patients, that it accelerates the increase in platelet count. There were few adverse events related to GI disturbance like nausea and vomiting. Thus this study concluded that Carica papaya leaf extract (CPLE) does significantly increase the platelet count in patients with thrombocytopenia associated with dengue with fewer side effects and good tolerability. Keywords: Carica, fever, thrombocytopenia, CPLE.

BIOSTATISTICS IN PHARMACY Shukla Uma Shanker Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, Lucknow (U.P.) [email protected]

ABSTRACT Biostatistics is the term used when tools of statistics are applied to the data that is derived from biological sciences such as medicine. Everything medicine be it research, diagnosis or treatment, depends on counting .In nature blood pressure, pulse rate, or any action of a drug or any other measurement varies not only from person to person but also from group to group. The extent of this variability is an attribute or a character, whether it by chance i.e. biological is learnt by studying biostatistics. Comparison of variable in two or more groups is a great importance in pharmacy. e. g. Rise in pulse rate noted after an injection of a drug may be by chance or due to the effect of drug. Variation more than natural limits may be pathological, i. e. abnormal due to the play of certain external factors. Hence, biostatistics may also be called a science of variation. Health and vital statistics are essential tools in pharmacy, public health, medical practice and community services. Recording of vital events in birth and death registers and diseases in hospitals is like book keeping of the community. Describing the incidence or prevalence of disease, defects or deaths in a defined population .Such events properly recorded from the eyes and ears of a public health or medical administrator, otherwise it would be like sailing a ship without compass. Thus biostatistics in pharmacy related to the study of defect, injury, disease, efficiency of drug, serum and line of treatment, etc. Keywords: Biostatistics, pharmacy, medicine.

CLINICAL INVESTIGATION OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE AND ITS MULTIDISCIPLINARY TREATMENT Verma Shailendra Kumar Shri Ram Murti Smarak College of Engineering & Technology (Pharmacy), Bareilly (U.P) India

ABSTRACT Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in elderly people worldwide. It is reported that the number of affected people is expected to double in the next 20 years, and 2 in 100 people will be affected by 2050. This chronic, degenerative, and terminal disease was first described by German psychiatrist Alois Alzheimer in 1906 and was named after him. AD represents one of the most common forms of neurodegenerative diseases, and is characterized by progressive dementia. The pathological feature of an AD brain includes the appearance of amyloid plaques, fibrillary tangles and the associated loss of neurons. Neurophysiological and neurochemical examinations reveal the failures of synaptic transmission (especially the cholinergic modulation), altered expression of transmitter receptors and changes in the excitatory/inhibitory balance of transmission. Alzheimer‘s disease (AD) is manifested by deterioration in memory and cognition, impairment in performing activities of daily living, and many behavioral and neuropsychiatric illnesses. In 2000, India had 3.5 million patients with Alzheimer disease as against US, which had 4.5 million patients with Alzheimer disease. But with an increase in the geriatric population in India, number of AD patients is growing at a phenomenal rate. In 2010, the geriatric population was 10% of the whole population. By the year 2021, every seventh Indian will be a senior citizen.

Keywords: Alzheimer disease, Amyloid plaques, Neurichemical, India.

A BRIEF REVIEW ON ACETYLCHOLINE Verma Umesh, Gautam Yashvant, Tripathi Sandeep, Verma Neeraj Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, Faizabad Road, Lucknow.

ABSTRACT The present study examined whether aged rats with naturally occurring cognitive deficits in spatial learning and memory would benefit from local chronic supplementation of acetylcholine. Aged impaired and aged unimpaired rats were pretested in the water maze to characterize the extent of age-induced cognitive impairment. Groups were matched for extent of deficits. The animals subsequently received implants of either acetylcholine-releasing cells or control cells into the cortical and hippocampal target regions of the basal forebrain. One week postgrafting, spatial learning and memory were retested using the same behavioral procedure. All aged groups acquired the platform position more slowly than young controls. However, aged impaired rats grafted with acetylcholinereleasing cells performed significantly better than aged impaired rats with control grafts, and they did not differ from aged unimpaired groups. A spatial memory probe test revealed that memory for the escape platform location of the acetylcholine-grafted rats was significantly better than that of rats with control grafts and matched the performance of young controls. In vitro, biochemical and electrophysiological analyses of the engineered cells confirmed choline acetyltransferase activity and showed quantal release of acetylcholine from the transduced cells. In vivo, RT-PCR of microdissected grafts indicated that the engineered cells expressed the choline acetyltransferase transgene for up to 40 days postgrafting. Keywords: Acetylcholine, choline acetyltransferase, aging.

ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN DRUG INTERACTION Bhagwani Vaishali* Maheshwari Shubhrat Mahatama Gandhi Institute of pharmacy, Junabganj - 227101 , Lucknow (U.P.) email id:[email protected]

ABSTRACT Many drug interactions can be avoided or managed safely if adequate time and precautions are taken by a patient‘s pharmacist. Having the pharmacist provide patient counseling on the use of prescription and non-prescription medication, disease state(s), and the safely of concurrent use of herbals products plays a major role providing drug interactions. Preventing and/or managing drug interactions will be more likely to occur when the pharmacist take time and utilizes an adequate patient data base that includes the patient‘s gender vital signs medical diagnosis, drug allergies, relevant laboratory tests, and a complete listing of medications being taken routinely or taken on an as needed basis. If the pharmacist lacks essential patient data, he/she may contain it from the patient. In addition, with the patient‘s permission, the pharmacist may call the physician to get essential monitoring information, such as results lab tests or a complete list of medical diagnosis. Keyword: Patient‘s pharmacist , patient counselling , drug interactions, medical diagnosis.

TDDS: MOLECULAR MODIFICATION OF VERAPAMIL TO ENHANCE MEMBRANE PENETRATION Rajvansh Roshani*, Kumar Saroj, Singh Satyawan, Verma Neeraj, Singh JP Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, Near Indira Canal Faizabad Road, Lucknow, 226010

ABSTRACT Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS), also well-known as ―patches,‖ are the dosage forms designed to deliver a therapeutically effective amount of drug across the skin. The quality attribute of the adhesives in TDDS is indispensible for fabrication design and important to the safety, efficacy and quality evaluation of the final product. The skin is the largest organ in the body; it protects against the influx of toxins and the efflux of water and is largely impermeable to the penetration of foreign molecules. Human skin consists of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Verapamil belongs to the group of calcium channel antagonists used in the management of essential hypertension, angina, arrhythmia and migraine also now a day. It is mostly used in a conventional tablet form from a minimal dose of 40 mg to a maximal dose of 180 mg. In a slow release tablet, the doses are between 120 and 240 mg. About 80% of the orally applied dose undergoes a first pass effect, mainly in the liver. Verapamil has a short half-life and requires frequent dosing. The permeability characteristics of verapamil show poor skin permeation properties in TDDS formulation of verapamil. So to overcome this problem for TDDS formulation of verapamil by mean of molecular modification of salt form of verpamil and convert into free base. Keywords: Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS).

PROBIOTICS BASED APPROACHES HIV VACCINE DEVELOPMENT Singh Rahul Kumar * SRMS College of Engineering and Technology (Department of Pharmacy)Bareilly U.P. Email id: [email protected]

ABSTRACT It‘s been 35 years since the first cases of AIDS were reported. Since then, we have

witnessed

tremendous

advances

in

prevention,testing,

and

treatment.Although, biomedical interventions to reduce HIV-1 acquisition have favorably influenced the trajectory of HIV-1 infections in several populations throughout the worldwide, vaccine that prevents the virus from establishing infection and the need for a globallyeffective HIV-1 prophylactic vaccine is more compelling than everHIV enters through the mucosal surfaces by infecting the CD4+ T cells present at these tissue surfaces initially and enters into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract where it replicates many folds before it disseminate into multiple systemic compartments.Finally, vaccines eliciting high titres of nAb, or high avidity nnAbs in mucosal tissue compartments are thus ideal for providing protective immunity against HIV-1.Recently, in a proof of concept study, a live probiotic organism, Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis), that transiently present in the human small intestine, have been successfully utilized to deliver HIV-1 Gag antigen. Finally, they demonstrated a critical role for the GAS pilus in the activation of a specific subset (CD103+ or CD11b+) of mucosal dendritic cells that may be important for the immunogenicity of Gag. These results demonstrated that oral administration of probiotic L. lactis expressing the antigen on the tip of the GAS pilus induces strong mucosal IgG and IgA antibody responses in the gut of mice. Their results reveal a promising novel immunization strategy to elicit strong humoral and cellular mucosal immunity against HIV. Keywords: HIV, AIDS, CD4+ T cells, probiotic, Vaccine.

SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT OF POORLY SOLUBLE DRUGS BY COCRYSTAL APPROACHES Saraswat Pranit *, Poonam SRMSCET, Pharmacy, Bareilly, U.P. GHG Khalsa College of Pharmacy, Gurusar , Ludhiana,Punjab.

ABSTRACT Solubility, the phenomenon of dissolution of solute in solvent to give a homogenous system, is one of the important parameters to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for desired pharmacological response. Low aqueous solubility is the major problem encountered with formulation development of new chemical entities. More than 40% NCEs (new chemical entities) developed in pharmaceutical industry are practically insoluble in water. Solubility is a major challenge for formulation scientist. Any drug to be absorbed must be present in the form of solution at the site of absorption. Various techniques are used for the enhancement of the solubility of poorly soluble drugs which include physical and chemical modifications of drug and other methods like particle size reduction, crystal engineering, salt formation, solid dispersion, use of surfactant, complexation, and so forth. Selection of solubility improving method depends on drug property, site of absorption, and required dosage form characteristics. In recent years cocrystal formation has emerged as a viable strategy towards improving the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. In this review the success of numerous pharmaceutical cocrystals for the improvement of the solubility and dissolution rates of poorly soluble drugs. Keywords: Solubility, Crystal engineering, Cocrystal.

FORMULATION AND RELEASE BEHAVIORS OF MATRIX TABLETS USING HYDROPHILIC AND HYDROPHOBIC POLYMERS Tiwari Ritesh Kumar Department of pharmaceutics, Shri Ram Murti Smarak College of Engineering &Technology, Bareilly

ABSTRACT An appropriately designated controlled release drug delivery system can be are major advance toward solving problems concerning targeting of a drug to a specific organ or a tissue and controlling the rate of a drug delivery to the target site. Matrix system are favored because of their simplicity, patient compliance etc, than traditional drug delivery, which have many drawbacks like repeated administration, fluctuation in blood concentration level etc. Most of drugs, if not formulated properly, may readily release the drug at a faster rate, and are likely to produce toxic concentration of the drug on oral administration. Matrix tablets may be formulated by wet granulation or direct compression methods by dispersing solid particles within a porous matrix formed of hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers. The use of different classes of polymers in controlling the release of drugs has become the most important aspect in the formulation of matrix tablets. The granules were evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, bulkiness, compressibility index and Hausners ratio. The tablets were subjected to weight variation, hardness, friability and drug content test. The drug release in matrix drug delivery systems by both dissolution-controlled as well as diffusion controlled mechanisms. Hydrophilic polymers have become product of choice as an important ingredient for formulating sustained release formulations. Keywords: Wet granulation, Direct compression, extended-release, hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers, matrix tablets.

CURRENT MANAGEMENT OF DENGUE: A REVIEW Gautam Pratibha, Mishra Anjani, Singh Mohit, Gautam Shyamdev, Verma Neeraj Goel institute of pharmacy and sciences, Lucknow Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Dengue infection ranks highly among new and newly emerging arthropod-borne viral diseases affecting humans. It affects a large proportion of the population, mainly in tropical and sub-tropical countries, causing a high morbidity and mortality due to rising incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever. The rapidly expanding global footprint of dengue is a public health challenge with a high economic burden. Appropriate management of the burden of dengue is hindered by several issues, including lack of understanding of the exact path physiology of the disease, failure to control the vector population effectively, lack of specific treatment for the disease, and technical obstacles in developing a vaccine. This review provides an overview on the epidemiology, natural history and management strategies of adult dengue patients. Knowledge on epidemic characteristics and Dengue Fever prevention (e.g., a brief introduction to the pubic regarding Dengue Fever/Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, channels of infection, clinical symptoms, etc. Secondary prevention to construct a system for monitoring the number of infections and a mechanism for responding to the epidemic promptly 6 and to stop indigenous cases of dengue fever to construct a mechanism for monitoring the number of infections When doctors and medical personnel in this country discover suspected cases, they should report within 24 hours.

ESSENTIAL NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT FOR WOUND HEALING AND RECOVERY: L-GLUTAMINE. Maheshwari Shubhrat*; Mishra Devesh ; Bhagwani Vaishali; Khan Razziuddin Department of Pharmacology, Mahatama Gandhi Institute of pharmacy, Junabganj - 227101 , Lucknow (U.P.)

Email Id:[email protected]

ABSTRACT The cells of connective tissue in the body use glutamine for protein& nucleic acid synthesis & also 30% of energy needs. These cells are called fibroblasts. Glutamine is required for their proliferation and is therefore critical in wound metabolism & healing. The effect of oral l-glutamine on wound healing in two groups of mice with superficial second- degree burns was evaluated. And it was concluded that a significant & positive effect of oral glutamine on burn wound healing was found. Further research in this way can be done to understand which stage of the healing process glutamine supplementation affected. Several researches have shown that glutamine helps maintain cell volume & hydration, speeding up wound & burn healing and recovery. It has the ability to ―repair a leaky gut‖ by maintaining the structural integrity of the bowels. In many hospitals glutamine powder is used for the treatment of burn & other trauma patients. In times of severe physical stress, it is very important for maintaining sufficient immune function& essential for wound healing, when the body is under severe physical stress, it may not be able to produce enough l-glutamine to meet the body‘s need. In these situations it is helpful supplementation. Also it makes a good clinical sense that if glutamine deficiency is observed over a short period of stress, then we should replete this vital amino acid to provide our patient with the best opportunity for survival & healing. Keywords: Fibroblasts, Prolifiration, Metabolism, Wound healing, Recovery.

MEDICINAL PLANTS IN BIOPHARMACEUTICALS Gautam Reena*, Kushwaha Rajesh Kr., Kumar Namrata, Kumar Hemant Department of biotechnology, Goel institute of management and technology faizabad road Lucknow.

ABSTRACT The major application of biotechnology is regeration and genetic transformation for enhancement of novel secondary metabolites production in-vitro from medicinal plant. Cryopreservation is long-time conservation method in liquid nitrogen and provides an opportunity for conservation of endangered medicinal plants cell suspension cultures have been reported from various medicinal plants by using bioreactor.Genetic transformation and DNA profiling techniques like DNA microarrays serve as suitable tools for the simultaneous analysis of multiple genes and analysis of gene expression that becomes necessary for providing clues about regulatory mechanism, biochemical pathways and broader cellular functions in medicinal plant. For the production of medicinal compound like alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, phenolics, flavanoids and aminoacids we cultured the cells of medicinal plant and produce wide variety of pharmaceuticals products such as-(i)Taxol ( Plaxitaxol is a complex diterpene alkaloid .These compounds are extracted commercially from bark of the Taxus tree, is one of the most quantities of Catharanthus roseus and it is called plant promising anticancer agents. (ii)Morphine and Codeine (Latex from the opium poppy, Papaver somniferum is a commercial source of the, analgesics, morphine and codeine).(iii) Berberine(Berberine is an isoquino line alkaloid found in the roots of Coptis japonica and cortex of Phellondendron amurense.), (iv) Vinblastine and Vincristine.

NANOPHARMACEUTICALS: THE PHARMA FUTURE IS READY Tiwari Salil* Deparment of Pharmacy, Goel Institute of Pharmacy and Sciences, Faizabad Road, Near Indira Canal, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, 226028. E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The world is coming to new era of multidisciplinary field of nanoscience which is full of enormous excitement and expectations. Nanopharmaceutics is an growing area where the sizes of the drug particle or delivery system work at the nano level. Nanomaterials (nano size materials) that bring unique shapes, functionalities and nanodevices

show

a

strategic

role

in

pharmaceutical

nanotechnology.

Nanopharmaceuticals provide nano scale properties and greater surface area, therefore used as a hopeful tool for drug and gene delivery advancement. Merging of nanotechnology with further technologies leads to emergence of innovative hybrid technologies. Furthermore, nanopharmaceuticals are resistant to settling and may possess superior saturation solubility, rapid dissolution and improved adhesion to biological surfaces. These features make them therapeutically effective and more bioavailable. The nanopharmaceuticals have broad scope that includes intelligent tools for drug delivery aspects, diagnostics purpose, smart material for tissue engineering aspects and many more. Existing claims of nanotechnology in pharmaceutical area are development of bioactive surfaces, advanced diagnostic, biomarker, biosensor, image enhancement device, implant technology, nanocarrier, nanomedicine, nanorobots, tissue engineering, etc. Nanopharmaceuticals are currently used in diverse applications including proteins and

peptide

delivery,

drug

delivery,

cancer

treatment,

treatment

of

neurodegenerative disorders, etc. There are some drawbacks to this technology as well which require to be addressed to achieve the full benefits of nanotechnology for pharmaceuticals. Keywords: Nanopharmaceuticals, nanomaterials.

ANTI-HYPERGLYCAEMIC ACTIVITY OF EXTRACT OF SWERTIA CHIRAYTA AND TRIGONELLA FOENUM GREAECUM Tomar Vivek Department of Pharmacology,IPS-College of Pharmacy,Gwalior.(474001)

ABSTRACT The main aim of this research work was to emphasize the anti-hyperglycaemic activity of Swertia chirayta and Trigonella foenum graecum seeds. These two plants are widely used for the procurement of diabetes from the time immemorial. The present study was to evaluate the ethanolic extract of Trigonella foenum graecum seeds and whole plant of Swertia chirayta for anti-hyperglycaemic activity in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats at the dose level of 250 mg/kg. The animals were safe up to 2000mg/kg confirmed by the acute and oral toxicity studies. Both the extracts showed a significant reduction in blood glucose concentration. On the other hand, combined suspension of extract of Trigonella foenum graecum and Swertia chirayta showed minimum blood glucose level on the seventh day. Keywords: Trigonella foenum graecum, Swertia chirayta, Anti-hyperglycaemic activity, Blood glucose.

RISK OF PURCHASING MEDICINES FROM ONLINE PHARMACIES Kumar Saroj, Singh Satyawan Goel institute of Pharmacy & Sciences Lucknow, U.P., INDIA.

ABSTRACT Consumers turn to the internet to save money on almost everything because online purchasing is normally convenient, provides various offers, but medicines are different to other consumer products that you may purchase through internet. So when it comes to purchasing medicine online, the convenience does not outweigh the risks. Medicines have the potential to cause serious side effects and health problems if not used and stored properly. Improper transportation poses other risks as well. Extended exposure to weather extremes can leave medicine ineffective. According to the USFDA only 3 percent of online pharmacies in US are safe and legal. The World Health Organization reports that half of medicines sold online are counterfeit. So patients who look to cut their health care costs by purchasing their medicine online may contact to local pharmacies because a pharmacist present over there may offer comparable prices and are more likely to substitute prescription with lower-cost generic drugs. Pharmacists are there to discuss your medications face to face. Your local pharmacist also monitors your medication patterns for dangerous drug interactions, and works with your primary health care provider to make sure that you obtain the medication that is right for you and your budget. Keywords: USFDA, Pharmacist, Online Pharmacy.

REVIEW ON MUDTHERAPY Bhatt Priyanka*1, Mittal Aman2 1

2

Shri Ram Murti Smarak Dept. of Pharmacy, Bareilly, U.P. India Smt. Tarawati Institute of Biomedical and Allied Sciences, Dept. Of Pharmacy, Roorkee, U.K India Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Mud is one of the most often used natural materials for preventive, healing and cosmetic reasons. Mudpack therapy has a long history of use it consists of refined granular organics and inorganics that are rich in minerals. Its therapeutic effects are partially attributed to its thermal conductivity (transferring heat to the joints) & on the other hand, the organics contained in the mud are probably the type of factors that mediate the inflammatory response in the joints. When the mud comes into contact with the human body, organic substances can be produced during the metabolic processes of microorganisms. Sulfide glycolipids can be produced by colonized microorganisms, which may be the effective anti-inflammatory substances involved in the therapy. According to various studies the effect of mud extracts were examined and it was found that mud extracts inhibited the expression of VCAM-1 by endothelial cells and reduced monocyte adhesion to activated endothelial cells, indicating a potent anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, the mud extracts are also tested for their antimicrobial activity; which showed significant increase in the expression of genes involved in cell protection, longevity and hydration of human keratinocytes. Further various studies reveals that mud exerts important beneficial effects including antiinflammatory and anti-aging activity as well as moisturizing effects, implicating important cosmeceutical applications. Keywords: Mud, anti-inflammatory, VCAM-, keratinocytes.

POISONOUS PLANTS IN TRADITIONAL INDIAN SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE: A REVIEW Kumar Akhilesh*, Singh Rahul, Gautam Kumar Rahul, Kumar Amresh, Prakash Om, Singh J P, Ved Akash Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, Lucknow Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT There are approximately 18-20 thousand plants present in India, that are used as food, medicine and fibers among these, few plant species are poisonous in nature often used for the mitigation of various diseases. The poisonous properties of plants are due to the presence of toxic secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavanoids, saponins, amines, tannins, resins phenols and inorganic metals etc. Plants that are recognized globally by people have reliable and effective medicinal values which are commonly used in treatment and prevention of specific ailments and diseases. The present study suggests that peoples are not aware about such poisonous plants and their harmful effects, but judiciously they are also used for treatment and prevention of various diseases. Keywords: Toxic Plants, Indian medicinal Plants.

INTRODUCTION OF ZIKA VIRUS Khan Razziuddin*, Verma Munna lal, Shukla Ankit, Trivedi Dhruva, Hussain Zeashan Department of pharmacologyMahatma Gandhi Institute of Pharmacy Lucknow

ABSTRACT Zika virus is a member of the virus family flaviviridae and the genus flavivirus transmitted by daytime active Aedes mosquitoes, such as A. Aegypti and A. Albopictus. Zika virus is related to dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, Arrhythmia Joint disorder. The symptoms of ZIKA Joint pain, fever rash muscle pain and headache. ZIKA fever in pregnant women can cause abnormal brain development in their fetuses by mother to child transmission. This may result in miscarriage a link has been established with neurological condition in infected adults, including Guillain-Barre syndrome .To describe the temporal and geographical distribution of ZIKA virus infection & associated neurological disorder from 1947-September 2016. The United Nation World Health Organization this week declared the Zika outbreak, which has been linked to a rash of birth defects in Brazil a global public health emergency and the hunt is on for ways due to check its spread and treat those who fall ill still possible Vaccines have to pass through the rigorous screening for safety and efficacy. In 2015 Brazil reported an association between Zika virus infection & microcephaly. In 8 February 2016 reports an increase Guillain-Barre syndrome beginning in 2015 10case of Guillain-Barre syndrome positive for Zika four Zika related deaths are reported over the preceding 2 weeks with symptom of diarrhea or vomiting. Keywords: Zika virus, guillain-barre syndrome, neurological disorder.

MATRIX TYPE OF TRANSDERMAL SYSTEM OF SIMVASTATIN USING PERMEATION ENHANCERS Umangi Somani*1 1

SRMS College of Engineering and Technology, Dept. of Pharmacy, Bareilly,U.P. Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Transdermal drug delivery is defined as self contained discrete dosage forms which, when applied to the intact skin, deliver the drug, through the skin at controlled rate to the systemic circulation. Simvastatin is a lipid lowering-agent and widely used to treat hypercholesterolemia and it is a potent inhibitor of HMGCoA reductase. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate transdermal patches of simvastatin so as to prevent its first-pass metabolism and achieve controlled release. The prepared patches were evaluated for different physicochemical evaluations like thickness, weight variation, folding endurance, tensile strength, percent flatness, swelling index, suface pH, water vapour transmission etc. Surface pH of all the films exhibited uniformity in their values and they were found to be 6, indicates that no irritation will occur on the skin after applications of the patches. On the basis of in-vitro permeation and ex-vivo studies have done using Franz diffusion cell with dialysis membrane and goat skin respectively. The optimized batches were evaluated for permeation study by using permeation enhancers like 5% DMSO, 5%Oleic acid, 5% Eugenol and 5% Menthol. On the basis of in-vitro drug release and ex-vivo skin permeation study formulation F12D4 with menthol as permeation enhancer was found to be better than other formulation.The kinetic parameters among the formulations showed that all the formulations provided 1st order kinetics. Based on the observations, it is concluded that HPMC: Eudragit RL100 showed better release over other polymer ratio for the development of TDDS for simvastatin. Keywords: Transdermal, Matrix, HMG-CoA reductase, TDDS.

PHARMACIST IN INDIA: IS ONLY A DELIVERY BOY? Yadav Shubhanshu*, Verma Anuradha, Chaudhary Manish, Vishwajit, Kumar Saroj, Ved Akash Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Science,Lucknow, UP, India.

ABSTRACT Today, pharmacist exists worldwide and plays an important role in healthcare system of any country as they take responsibility for all needs related with the medicine‘s as well as patient care However, in India only the supply of medicines remains the core activity of the pharmacist. Most pharmacists in the our country still hardly offer patient‐oriented service as provided by the community pharmacists in other parts of the world like in U.S., U.K, CHINA and JAPAN etc. As per Pharmacy Practice Regulations (PPR) 2015 various patient related services that can be provided by a pharmacist are:i.

Interpretation, evaluation and implementation of medical orders

ii.

Participation in drug and device selection, drug administration, drug regimen reviews and drug or drug related research.

iii.

Patient counselling and the provision of those acts or services necessary to provide pharmaceutical care in all areas of patient care including primary care

iv.

Optimizing the use of medication to promotes health, wellness and disease prevention.

v.

Compounding and labelling of drugs and devices

vi.

Pharmaceutical care

In nutshell, India faces massive challenges in providing health care for its vast and growing population but by providing patient oriented services as per the rights given in PPR 2015, a pharmacist can serve the society in better way and will come out from the image of delivery boy. Keywords: Community Pharmacist, India, Patient care, Pharmacist.

STUDY OF GUILLAIN- BARRE SYNDROME AND ITS TREATMENT Gandhi Lavika* Shri Ram Murti Smarak College of Engineering & Technology (Pharmacy), Bareilly (U.P) India

ABSTRACT Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy characterized by rapidly progressive symmetrical ascending weakness and sensory loss. The disease can progress rapidly and be fatal if diagnosis and treatment interventions are delayed. In most patients, the neuropathic symptoms are preceded by an antecedent infection. The diagnosis relies heavily on the clinical impression obtained from the history and examination, although cerebrospinal fluid analysis and electrodiagnostic testing usually provide evidence supportive of the diagnosis. The disease is characterized by a rapid onset of symmetrical limb weakness, which progresses over days to 4 weeks, and occurs in patient of all ages. Most patients also have sensory disturbances (tingling or dull feelings).In the majority of cases, an infectious disease; mostly Campylobacter jejuni infection precedes the onset of limb weakness. Optimal general hospital care providing intensive care facilities is most essential. Treatments with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or plasma exchange (PE) are shown to be effective with physiotherapy and rehabilitation are important. Immune responses against the triggering infectious agents are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of GBS by cross reaction with neural tissues.This abstract serves as an example for a wide range of doctors such as orthopedic surgeons, pediatricians, emergency room physicians or primary care physicians, because these are the first line doctors who treat patients with a painful hip. Keywords: Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), acute irritable hip.

STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING PATIENT COMPLIANCE Rawat Amit Kumar*, Rawat Ashutosh Kumar, Kumar Mahendra Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, Lucknow.

ABSTRACT Patient noncompliance is a substantial obstacle to the achievement of therapeutic goals. This paper reviews a number of practical interventions with demonstrated efficacy in enhancing patient adherence, including improving patients' levels of information concerning the specifics of their regimens, reinforcing essential points with review, discussion, and written instruction, and emphasizing the importance of the therapeutic plan, taking clinically appropriate steps to reduce the cost, complexity, duration, and amount of behavioral change required by the regimen and increasing the regimen's convenience through "tailoring" and other approaches,

obtaining a compliance-oriented history of the patient's prior

experiences and present health beliefs and, where necessary, employing strategies to modify those perceptions likely to inhibit compliance, improving levels of patient satisfaction, particularly with the provider-patient relationship, arranging for the continued monitoring of the patient's subsequent compliance to treatment, increasing staff awareness of the magnitude and determinants of the noncompliance phenomenon and attempting to develop an "active influence orientation" in each member of the health care team, using such techniques as patient-provider contracts to involve the patient in therapeutic decisions and in the setting of treatment objectives and creating incentives (through rewards and reinforcements) for achieving these objectives, arranging for as much continuity of provider (and other staff) as possible, establishing methods of supervising the patient, including involvement of the patient's social support network, and involving fully the assistance of all available health care providers, assigning specific roles and responsibilities for activities directed at improving adherence to treatment. Keywords: Patient Compliance, Patient noncompliance, Patient satisfaction.

DRUG DRUG COCRYSTAL Srivastava Dipti 1*, Fatima Zeeshan 1, Kaur Chanchal Deep 2 1.

Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus. 2.

SRS Institute of Pharmacy, Chattisgarh, Durg.

ABSTRACT Cocrystal is defined as a crystalline complex of two or more neutral molecular constituents bound together in the crystal lattice through non covalent interactions. The pharmaceutical cocrystal can be explained as multi-component solid-state assemblies of two or more compounds held together by any type or combination of intermolecular interactions .This class of compound has gained much interest over the past few years as they have the potential to amend undesirable

physicochemical properties without covalent modification of the

API. This technique is being exhaustively studied for solubility enhancement. However, in recent times, there has been a paradigm shift towards multi API cocrystals formation for combination therapy. Some of the drug drug cocrystals reported

in

the

literature

are

lamivudine–zidovudinecocrystal,celecoxib

venlafaxine cocrystal and sidenafil asprin cocrystal. Keywords: Cocrystal, Interation, lattice.

A REVIEW ON EBOLA VIRUS Singh Pragti, Pandey Soniya, Verma Bimal, Tripathi Harshdeep, Saroj Anshuman. Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, Lucknow. [email protected]

ABSTRACT Ebola virus is transmitted to people as a result of direct contact with body fluids containing virus of an infected patient. The incubation period usually lasts 5 to 7 d and approximately 95% of the patients appear signs within 21 d after exposure. Typical features include fever, profound weakness, diarrhea, abdominal pain, cramping, nausea and vomiting for 3-5 days and maybe persisting for up to a week. Laboratory complications including elevated aminotransferase levels, marked

lymphocytopenia,

and

thrombocytopenia

may

have

occurred.

Hemorrhagic fever occurs in less than half of patients and it takes place most commonly in the gastrointestinal tract. The symptoms progress over the time and patients suffer from dehydration, stupor, confusion, hypotension, multi-organ failure, leading to fulminant shock and eventually death. The most general assays used for antibody detection are direct IgG and IgM ELISAs and IgM capture ELISA. An IgM or rising IgG titer (four-fold) contributes to strong presumptive diagnosis. Currently neither a licensed vaccine nor an approved treatment is available for human use. Passive transfer of serum collected from survivors of Junin virus or Lassa virus, equine IgG product from horses hypervaccinated with Ebola virus, a ―cocktail‖ of humanized-mouse antibodies (ZMapp), recombinant inhibitor of factor VIIa/tissue factor, activated protein C, RNA-polymerase inhibitors and small interfering RNA nano particles are among the therapies in development.

COLLOIDOSOMES: THE EFFICIENT TOOL FOR VESICULAR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM Mishra Devesh; Hashmi Afreen; Agarwal Kartikey; Verma Jagrati; Khan Wasim; Hussain Zeashan Department of Pharmaceutics , Mahatma Gandhi Institute Of Pharmacy – Junabganj-227101, Lucknow - (U.P.) e-mail ID – [email protected]

ABSTRACT To provide an effective way of delivering drug directly to the site of action and that too devoid of any toxicity or adverse side effects, Vesicular drug delivery systems are now a days widely used. These systems provide the reduction in the cost of treatment by improving bioavailability of medications as poorly soluble drugs have less bioavailability. The several other vesicular drug delivery systems were formulated from past some decades includes liposomes, transferosomes, ethosomes, niosomes etc. These systems help to delay the drug elimination of rapidly metabolize drugs so that it functioned as a sustained release drug delivery system. These systems also help to counter several other problems in drug delivery like instability, rapid degradation and have wide application in the different drug delivery like gene delivery, protein delivery, brain targeting and targeting of tumor. The several other novel technology has been show great promises in the delivery of nutraceuticals and bioactives compounds. In this field recently the colloidosomes is evolved as a advanced tool for encapsulation of several materials like drugs, dyes, cosmetics, biomaterials as filler in the case of catalysis along with waste material. Keywords: Liposomes, encapsulation, bioavailability, nutraceuticals, vesicular system.

NANOPARTICLES IN COSMECEUTICALS Patel Manish, Kumar Saroj Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, Near Indra Canal Faizabad Road, Lucknow, 226010.

ABSTRACT Nanoparticles can enter and penetrate the skin theoretically and could represent a new delivery system for cosmeceuticals. ―Nanoparticles are used in an effort to make sunscreens in visible on the skin. Also, cosmetics that are coloured with Nanoparticles pigments can offer interesting camouflaging opportunities. There is still international concern over the adverse effects of using these particles. Nanoscience is a branch of engineering that has potential application in medicine and dermatology. Nanoparticles applied unique properties of matter on the nanoscale (1000nm and smaller) for the purposeful design of the new material dermatology

has

been

exploring

the

benefits

of

nanotechnology

in

Cosmeceuticals, which are product that have both cosmetics and therapeutic benefits claims. Cosmeceuticals usually are not supported by double blind controlled clinical trial, and they are not regulated by the food and drug administration. Therefore, manufacturers do not need to provide to evidence based support of claims as they do with medication. Nanotechnology applications have been used in sunscreens and are beings developed disease. According to a recent study, a large number of patents have been issued for nanotechnology in the cosmetic arena as a means of enhancing topical delivery of a broad range of over the counter product. Nanoparticles that are smaller than 10nm, known as quantum dots, are being used in experiential imaging systems, but not in dermatology. Keywords: Nanoparticles, sunscreens, Cosmeceuticals.

NATUROPATHY BY COLOURS (CHROMOTHERAPY) Khare Pragati 1*, Kishore Kamal 2, Sharma D.K. 3 and Khare Noopur 4 1

Shri Ram Murti Smarak, Dept. of Pharmacy, Bareilly, U.P, India.

2

Department of Pharmacy, M.J.P Rohilkhand University, Bareilly (U.P.) 3

Department of Pharmacy, Devsthali Vidyapeeth, Rudrapur (U.K) 4

G.C.R.G., Dept. of Biotechnology, Lucknow, U.P, India. E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Chromotherapy (color therapy) is included in Complementary and Alternative Medicine System (CAMS) of treatment by utilizing electromagnetic radiations with different frequencies which affects human neurohormonal pathways. Chromotherapy targets specific points in our body and is useful in treating various diseases. It has been reported in recent studies that the chromotherapy has shown tremendous effects on diseases hematoma (red), hepatitis B (combination of various lights), hypertension, neonatal jaundice (blue light), spondylosis, peptic ulcer disease (yellow light), depression and stress, migraine (green light), hyperthyroidism (violet/blue light), alopecia (violet), color blindness (blue/ green) and various skin infections specially cutaneous leishmaniasis (blue and red). Chromotherapy is an effective evolution of science in the field of electromagnetic radiation/energy and it can be very useful in the discovery of new dimensions of treatment. Keywords: Chromotherapy, hematoma, spondylosis, colour, light.

MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATIONS OF ΑTHALASSEMIA AND ΓΒ-THALASSEMIA IN INDIAN POPULATIONS Kushwaha Rajesh Kumar 1*, Rao Vachas Pati 2, Kumar Hemant 1 1

Department of Biotechnology, Goel Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow. 2 Department of Biotechnology, Rama University, Kanpur.

ABSTRACT Thalassemia is the name of a group of genetic blood disorders characterized by anaemia due to enhanced red blood cell destruction. Haemoglobin, the oxygencarrying component of the red blood cells consists of two different proteins, an alpha and a beta. If the body doesn't produce enough of either of these two proteins, the red blood cells become defective and cannot carry sufficient oxygen. The resulting anaemia is usually severe with several health problems like enlarged spleen, bone deformities, fatigue and requires regular life-long transfusion, therapy and medical supervision. Thalassemia‘s can't be prevented because they're inherited, "inherited" means they are passed on from parents to children. However, these bleeding disorders can be found before birth through prenatal tests. Thalassemia is a common inherited disease in the world. India accounts for 10% of the total world thalassemia population and approximately 1 in 30 in the general population is carrier of the mutated gene and the cases may increase as it is a hereditary disorder, so, it is important to take into consideration about this disorder as it may prove deadly one and thus the intensity of this disorder can be lowered by diagnosing and taking proper treatments. The presence of four types of α-thalassemia and two types of δβ-thalassemia gene deletion in North Indian population, In which were SEA deletion, SA, -α3.7,-α4.2 deletion and Types A and Type B was detected by using multiplex GAP- PCR method. It has been noted that alpha-thalassemia with 3.7 deletion is the most common type of αthalassemia throughout the world. Keywords: Haemoglobin SEA deletion δβ-thalassemia Delta (δ) thalassemia, multiplex GAP- PCR, SA.

CHILDREN, PREGNANT WOMEN AND CANCER PATIENTS NEED SAFE CARE IN LAXATIVE: MACROGOL 4000 Khan Razziuddin*,Verma Munna lal, Shukla Ankit , , Dr.Hussain Zeashan *Assitant professor Department of pharmacology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Pharmacy Lucknow – 227101 (U.P.)

ABSTRACT Macrogol 4000 is one of the new generation‘s osmotic laxatives. Polyethylene glycol is the basis of a number of laxative such as macrogol containing products includes movicol, glycolax etc. It is used in the chronic constipation. Macrogol 4000 has a low toxicity & is used in a varity of product. Macrogol 4000 may well be more polatable than combined formulation (macrogol 3350 with electrolytes ) which could help improve adherence to the long tear treatment required for chronic constipation. There is consistent evidence that a relatively low dose of macrogol 4000 improves stool frequency and consistency in patients with chronic constipation, as clearly shown in recent meta- analysis. In most of patiant macrogol 4000 shows its efficacy in 48 hours from the beginning of treatment. The effect of macrogol 4000 was assessd in 120 children affected by constipation treated with theraputic dose of macrogol 4000. The child symptoms improvement i.e. reduction of pain during defecation , daily spontaneous evacuation & better stool consistence, were consider ―normal‖ of the 120 patients , 89 returned to the clinical follow-up , has been contected by telephone. To the final analysis, 103 patients (58% ) have had a normalization of the clinical symptoms , a patient (7.5%) have refused macrogol 4000 for the unpleasant flavour, 8 patient (6.7%) did not have any improvement from the treatment. The observational study suggest the macrogol 4000, could be very useful to treat pediatric patients with constipation also those affected by neuronal intestinal displasia (NID) type B. Keywords: Osmotic laxative, chronic constipation.

PREFORMULATION STUDIES IN DESIGNING FORMULATION FOR SUSTAINED RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS Prakash satya , Rawat sudhir kumar, Kumar shubham, Kumar vijay; Singh Bhuwanesh Pratap, Mirza Beg Ahasan Goel Institute of pharmacy & science near Indra canal faizabad road, Lucknow.

E-mail:- [email protected]

ABSTRACT Recently sustained release dosage forms have become standards in the modern pharmaceutical design and intensive research has been undertaken in achieving much better drug product effectiveness. The sustained release product will optimize therapeutic effect and safety of a drug at the same time improving patient convenience and compliance. Prior to the development of these major dosage forms, it is essential that pertain fundamental physical and chemical properties of the drug molecule and other divided properties of the drug powder are determined. Preformulation is to provide and understand information regarding:1) the degradation process 2) any adverse conditions relevant to the drug 3)bioavailability 4)pharmacokinetics and formulation of similar compounds. It also gives directions for the development of formulation in choice of drug form, excipients,

composition,

physical

structure,

helps

in

adjustment

of

pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutical properties, support for PAT (process analytical technology). The overall objective of preformulation studies is to generate information useful in developing stable and bioavailable and sustained release dosage forms which can be mass produced. Keywords: Preformulation study, Intrinsic Solubility, Partition Coefficient, Compatibility study.

HYDROGENATED NAPHTHOL AND THEIR ISOSTERS CAN BE A LEAD FOR ORAL TREATMENT OF URINARY TRACT DISORDER Padma Charan Behera, Kamal Kant, Rohit Singh, Manik Ghosh* Department of Pharmaceutical sciences and Technology, Mesra, Ranchi ,835215 ,India

ABSTRACT Now a days, there is increased incidence of urinary tract disorder due to socioeconomic impact on the life status at the same time the kind of fortified foods that we are consuming are also imparting very much in the accumulation process of toxic metabolic by products in the urinary tract. The major reasons of deposition of these toxic metabolites are due to the imbalance in the production and osmotic pressure in the bowman‘s capsule. Generally alkaline metabolites are very easily excreted through kidney easily but if any heavy metal complexed toxic acidic metabolites are generally very difficult to excrete from the kidney.at the same time accumulation of these metabolites gradually leads to the formation of solid structure and causes blockage of the urinary tract. Naturopathy may be used as premier agent for the treatment of this type of disorder. Researchers have already documented so many articles on naturopathy treatment and they are in process of developing natural leads and their isosters for treatment. Notably, scientific finding of such type of molecule and their biology may give a platform for treatment of these disorders without any invasive procedures. Naphthols are mainly used as anti-infective agent for urinary tract disorders. Recently, the molecules which are effective against treatment of urinary infection are isoster of naphthols but they are not being used orally. Keyword: Hydrogenated Naphthol, Naturopathy, Urinary Tract Disorder.

PROBIOTICS, PREBIOTICS, NUTRACEUTICALS AND PHARMACEUTICALS: THE NEW FRONTIER Asad Saeed*, Ajay Kumar Dubey Azad Institute of Pharmacy & Research, Lucknow

ABSTRACT Many food components have clearly established strong links with human health and it is learnt that their deficiencies can provoke diseases. The epidemiological evidences and modern research in nutrition during the last few decades elaborated the molecular level of interactions between specific food constituents with cells to control and prevent some diseases. It is nowadays acknowledged the critical role of the ―forgotten organ‖. The beneficial interaction between the micro-biota and humans is the way how bacteria contained within the gut ―talk‖ to the immune system. Into this landscape probiotics, prebiotics and nutraceuticals play a major role. Several human diseases have benefited from the use of probiotics. Prebiotics promote the growth of ―good‖ bacteria and variety of health benefits have been attributed to their use. Nutraceuticals, the ―drugs for healthy people‖ can prevent and in some cases cure some pathological conditions, e.g., the ones related to the metabolic syndrome. The bioactive constituents extracted and concentrated from many foods mainly of vegetal origin (phytocomplexes) have been identified and knowledge about their use in nutrition is expanding. They represent a frontier to be explored at the interface between nutrition and pharmaceutics and a new important tool to prevent the onset of heath condition and to limit the use of pharmaceuticals in a preventive pro active approach. Keywords: Forgotten organ, Probiotics, Nutraceuticals and enteric micro-biota.

IDENTIFICATION OF BEGOMOVIRUS IN JATROPHA CURCAS L. Kumar Hemant, Kushwaha Rajesh Kr. Department of Biotechnology, Goel Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow (U.P)

ABSTRACT Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is a multipurpose and drought resistant large shrub crop which can be raised in marginal lands with lesser input. Jatropha plants natively occur in tropical areas of India, Africa, North America and Caribbean. It is an efficient substitute fuel; for diesel engines and forms an essential ingredient in various soaps, dye and wood industries. J. curcas has generated the interest of many researchers in the field of bio-energy. Many excellent characteristics, including high yield ability, high oil content, resistance to drought, and good quality of the plant oil, have been attributed to this plant. The genus Jatropha has 476 species and distributed throughout the world, among them J. curcas, J. gossypifolia, J. cuneata, J. integerrima, J. multifida L. and J. podagrica are recorded in India. The Government of India has identified 4,00,000 square kilometers (98 million acres) of land where Jatropha can be grown, and probably will replace 20% of India's diesel consumption by 2011. The oil of Jatropha can be extracted from over 80 known plant species. An average of about 5 tons of seeds per hectare can be produced under optimum conditions. The oil content of the seed is 55-60%, which can be converted into biodiesel by trans-esterification. An annual yield of 0.75-2.0 tons of biodiesel could be expected per hectare from the fifth year onwards. Jatropha stacks up nicely compared with other feed stocks, as soybeans and rapeseed have a relatively low oil yield compared with Jatropha—375 kilograms per hectare for soybeans in the United States (280 gallons per acre) and 1,000 kilograms per hectare of rapeseed in Europe (740 gallons per acre) to 3,000 kilograms per hectare of Jatropha (2,226 gallons per acre) in India. Good planning, quality planting material, standardized agronomy practices and good crop management could increase yields. The tropical location of Indian subcontinent with its diverse climatic conditions ranging from high rainfall areas to deserts on one hand and snow–capped mountains to peninsula on the other, provide a large number of viral disease to flourish thus affecting various cropping systems. Keywords: JMV, Begomovirus, Mosaic disease.

EVERY MEDICINE HAS AN ACTION ON BODY AND EVERY BODY HAVE AN ACTION ON MEDICINE Singh Aditya*, Singh Jyoti Azad Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Lucknow.

ABSTRACT Today the hightech generation is totally based on the medicine due to lack of time they cannot able to focus on health and physical exercises and suffering from health issues so they preffer allophatic medicine which provide onset action on body and fast relief due to slow action of ayurvedic drugs peoples don‘t want to take. We all know that every coin has so side one good another bad so it leads some side effects on human body so we can easily say that phamacodynamic and phamacokinetics are related to each other if one cause action another cause reaction like phamacokinetics are quantify drug action like absorption distribution biotransformation and excreation and phamacodynamic quantify body action on drug we can say every medicine has an action and body act as reaction because every action has equal and opposite reactions. Keywords: Allopathic, Ayurvedic, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics.

THE TREATMENT OF DIFFERENT DISEASES BY USING UMBILICAL CORD Gupta vivek kumar*, Bharti virendra, kumar santosh ; Singh Bhuwanesh Pratap Goel Institute of pharmacy & science near Indra canal faizabad road, Lucknow (U.P.) E-mail:- [email protected]

ABSTRACT Since 1989, umbilical cord blood has been used successfully to treat children with leukaemia, anaemias and other blood diseases. Stem cells that can be obtained from cord blood, so that they can be used to treat adults routinely to Umbilical cord blood contains haematopoietic (blood) stem cells. These cells are able to make the different types of cell in the blood - red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Haematopoietic stem cells, purified from bone marrow or blood, have long been used in stem cell treatments for leukaemia, blood and bone marrow disorders, cancer (when chemotherapy is used) and immune deficiencies beyond these blood-related disorders, the therapeutic potential of umbilical cord blood stem cells is unclear. Evidence of anti-inflammatory effects and secretion of specific cytokines and growth factors that promote cell survival, rather than cell replacement, have been detected in both transplanted cells. Keywords: Therapeutic potential, anti-inflammatory, effects umbilical, cord, stem cells etc.

STEM-CELL THERAPIES: AN OVERVIEW Kori Yash Pal*, Verma Raejesh 2 1

Faculty of Pharmacy, Kamla Nehru Institute of Management & Technology, Sultanpur 2 Faculty of Pharmacy, Ashoka Institute of Technology & Management Varanasi.

ABSTRACT Stem cells are basic cells of all multi cellular organisms having the potency to differentiate into wide range of adult cells. Stem cells are promising area of science leading scientists to investigate the possibility of cell-based therapies to treat disease, which is often referred to as regenerative or reparative medicine. In the absence of effective endogenous repair mechanisms after cardiac injury, cellbased therapies have rapidly emerged as a potential novel therapeutic approach in ischemic heart disease. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and bone marrow-derived cells (BMCs) have been extensively studied and characterized, and dramatic advances have been made in the clinical application of BMCs in heart failure of ischemic and no ischemic origin. A series of remarkable studies suggested that adult stem cells undergo novel patterns of development by a process referred to as Tran‘s differentiation or plasticity. Recent meta-analyses have supported the notion that administration of BM- derived cells may improve cardiac function on top of standard therapy. At this stage, further optimization of cell-based therapy is urgently needed, and finally, large-scale clinical trials are required to eventually proof its clinical efficacy with respect to outcomes, i.e. morbidity and mortality. Despite all promises, pending uncertainties and practical limitations attenuate the therapeutic use of stem/progenitor cells for ischemic heart disease. In order to predict benefit, influencing factors need to be identified with the aim to focus resources and efforts.

Key words: Stem and progenitor cells, Meristem, Blastocyst, Ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction.

GENOMIC MEDICINE A BOON IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY Gautam Deepa*,Kumar Namrata, Kushuwaha Rajesh Kr., Kumar Hemant Department of Biotechnology, Goel Institute of technology and management Faizabad road Lucknow.

ABSTRACT Genomic medicine can be defined as "an emerging medical discipline that involves using genomic information about an individual as part of their clinical care (e.g., for diagnostic or therapeutic decision-making) and the health outcomes and policy implications of that clinical use." Already, genomic medicine is making an impact in the fields of oncology, pharmacology, rare and undiagnosed diseases, and infectious disease It has often been estimated that it takes, on average, 17 years to translate a novel research finding into routine clinical practice. This time lag is due to a combination of factors, including the need to validate research findings, the fact that clinical trials are complex and take time to conduct and then analyze, and because disseminating information and educating healthcare workers about a new advance is not an overnight process. Once sufficient evidence has been generated to demonstrate a benefit to patients, or "clinical utility," professional societies and clinical standards groups will use that evidence to determine whether to incorporate the new test into clinical practice guidelines. This determination will also factor in any potential ethical and legal issues, as well economic factors such as cost-benefit ratios. Pharmacogenomics involves using an individual's genome to determine whether or not a particular therapy, or dose of therapy, will be effective. FDA has also cleared or approved 45 human genetic tests, and more than 100 nucleic acid-based tests for microbial pathogens.DNA sequencing is being used to investigate infectious disease outbreaks, including Ebola virus, drug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureas

and

Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as food poisoning following

contamination with Escherichiacoli.

GENETIC ENGINEERING IN BIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND THEIR THERAPEUTIC USES Kushwaha Rajesh Kr. *, Rao Vachas Pati 1, Kumar Hemant 2, Gupta Ravindra Kumar Department of Biotechnology, Goel Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow. 1 Department of Biotechnology, Rama University, Kanpur. 2 Department of Biotechnology, Goel Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow.

ABSTRACT Genetic engineering provides an alternative means for the production for the production of therapeutic proteins through the use of bacteria, yeast, insect, animal and plant cells. The compounds produced provide alternative therapies foe serious life threatening diseases such as cancer, viral infection or hereditary deficiencies and other untreatable diseases. The production of biopharmaceuticals done via by recombinant technologies through engineering, these products are manufactured by pharmaceuticals manufacturing industries under cGMP guidelines. There are various therapeutics and biopharmaceuticals compounds such as insulin, monoclonal antibodies, interferon or interleukins, have been developed. Animal cells culture are being used for the production of monoclonal antibodies via hybridoma technology and vaccines production such as yellow fever via chick embryo culture, hepatitis. Keywords: Hybridoma, Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), cGMP, Insulin, monoclonal antibodies, interferon, interleukin.

REPOSITIONING OF DRUGS AGAINST PARKINSON’S DISEASE USING 2D FINGERPRINT METHODS Singh Jyoti*, Tripathi Avinash C., Saraf Shailendra K. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Lucknow-226028, U.P., India Email ID:[email protected]

ABSTRACT Drug repurposing represents a potential strategy for cost saving and risk mitigation in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson‘s disease (PD), where drug approval rates are low. These fingerprints were used as query molecules to screen the Drug Bank Database containing around 2400 drugs for various indications. The retrieved hits were ranked on the basis of their fingerprint similarity with the query candidates, and drugs having a similarity score ≥0.6, namely; Bromodiphenhydramine (0.75), Orphenadrine (0.75) Tyrosine (0.67), Phenylalanine (0.67), Dyphylline (0.66), Theophylline (0.60) were considered for further study. Molecular docking studies of selected hits were evaluated against various anti-Parkinsonian drug targets (such as MAO-B, AChE, and COMT) in order to predict their binding orientation and binding affinity. The top ranked candidates obtained by these methods were submitted to Bayes classification models, which were previously optimized and trained to discriminate the anti-Parkinsonian agents from non anti-Parkinsonian drugs. The combined results of computer aided drug repositioning concluded that Orphenadrine showing best computational performances (fingerprint similarly, binding characteristics and Bayes prediction results) can be a potential candidate against PD. However, this drug needs to be tested in laboratory conditions in-vivo and in-vitro to justify the predicted results. Keywords: Parkinson‘s disease (PD), 2D fingerprints, Molecular docking.

TRANSGENIC PLANTS: TYPES, BENEFITS, PUBLIC CONCERNS AND FUTURE Yadav Monika*, Kori Rahul, Saroj Rabin, Khatoon Nazia, Kumar Ramashray. Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, Lucknow.

ABSTRACT Genetic Engineering involves a manipulation of the genetic material towards a desired end and predetermined way. This is alternately called recombinant DNA technology. The alteration of crops to improve their production was performed through the basis of selection before the creation of transgenics. This selection has been going on for thousands of years. By the year 2050, world population may reach nine billions. Food production will need to increase at the same rate or more in order to satisfy the needs of such an enormous number of people in some older centuries. So, there is a need to use the genetic techniques to improve crops over the recent decades. Through the use of transgenics, one can produce plants with desired traits and even increased yields. The transgenics would allow for more crops that last longer and withstand pests and diseases. Transgenic plant production will allow us to feed the growing population and to produce more desirable products. The future of GM crops remains a vital debate, as its applications have several advantages and disadvantages. Keywords: Transgenics, Recombinant DNA, GM Crops.

ANIMAL MODELS OF MEMORY IMPAIRMENT Awasthi Himani* Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow.

ABSTRACT A vital component of the development of drugs targeted attreating complex disorders is a reliable animal model that canpredict efficacy in clinical trials. Animal models of cognitive impairment are critically important for determining the neural bases of learning and memory. These cognitive functions are complex phenomenon requiring the coordinated interaction of multiple brain structures therefore cannot be well studied by using simple in vitro methods. In the field of learning and memory animals models have been instrumental in shaping our understanding of how the normal and damaged brain processes information. Animal research has taught us that there are multiple memory systems that interact: competitively, cooperatively or in parallel-depending on the cognitive demands and psychological nature of the task. Animal models of cognitive impairment are used for a variety of purposes: as screening tests to discover and develop novel antidementic drug therapies; as simulations for investigating aspects of the neurobiology of neurodegenerative disorders like AD; and as experimental models within which the neuropharmacological mechanisms associated with antidementic drug treatments may be investigated. These models are also useful to test neurocognitive toxicity of environmental contaminants and drugs of abuse. Keywords: Targeted drugs, Animal model, psychological task.

DIET AND NUTRITION IMPLICATIONS FOR ORAL HEALTH Singh Pratap Jeetendra* Goel Institute of Pharmacy and Sciences, Lucknow

ABSTRACT Knowledge of oral health is acquired by oral hygiene instructions and basic nutrition information. Many clients may not be aware of the effects of diet and nutritional status on the development and maintenance of a healthy oral cavity with tooth enamel without cavities. It is vitally important to perform basic nutrition screening to assess client‘s dietary habits for potential risk factors for dental carries and periodontal diseases and to look for potential signs of nutritional deficiencies or nutrition related problems in clients with chronic diseases or conditions. Collaboration between dieticians, oral health care professionals and pharmacists is essential in identifying, educating and treating the community for problems related to nutrition. Such partnerships will encourage improved levels of oral health care. The purposes of this discussion are to review the link between nutrition and oral health.

RECENT ADVANCEMENT IN CHRONOPHARMACOLOGY Khare Noopur1*, Khare Pragati2 1

G.C.R.G, Dept. of Biotechnology, Lucknow, U.P, India.

2

Shri Ram Murti Smarak, Dept. of Pharmacy, Bareilly, U.P, India. E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Chronopharmacology includes the investigation of drug effects as a function of biologic timing and investigation of drug effects upon rhythm characteristics. Rhythmicity has been detected in a number of physiological variables such as pulse, temperature, blood pressure and hormonal secretions like diurnal variation insulin effects on blood glucose. The aim of chronopharmacology is to optimize the therapeutic effect and control or reduce the adverse effects without altering the functioning of the drug in the body. Chronopharmacology involves both the investigation of drug effects as a function of biologic timing and the investigation of drug effects upon rhythm characteristics. Asthma attacks predominatly occur around 4 o'clock in early morning. Blood pressure and heart rate in normotensives and essential (primary) hypertensive patients display highest values during daytime followed by a nightly drop and an early morning rise. These observations call for a circadian time-specified drug treatment. Circadian rhythm and its effects are very much observed in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic of drugs given to the patients. Chronopharmacology can definitely create a favorable condition for drug effects and improves the treatment of many diseases. Keywords: Chronopharmacology, rhythmicity, asthma.

EVALUATION OF GARDENIA FLORIDA ROOT EXTRACT FOR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY Kundu Priyanka*, Sonar Pankaj, K., Saraf Shailendra, K. Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Lucknow- 226028, U.P., India Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Gardenia florida root extract. The different concentrations of 25 mg/ml, 12.5 mg/ml, 6.25 mg/ ml, 3.12 mg/ml and 1.56 mg/ml were prepared from the stock solution of 50 mg/ml ethanolic root extract of Gardenia florida. The in-vitro antimicrobial activity was studied against B.subtilis, P.aeruginosa, S.aureus, E.coli and P.chrysogenum by cup-plate method. The in-vitro antimicrobial activity results revealed that ethanolic extract of Gardenia florida root was effective against B.subtilis, P.aeruginosa, S.aureus, E.coli and P.chrysogenum. Thus, the present study concludes that the ethanolic extract of Gardenia florida root possesses antimicrobial activity and could be incorporated into an antimicrobial formulation for topical use. Keywords: Gardenia florida, root extract, anti-microbial.

BIOTECHNOLOGY AND VACCINES: APPLICATION OF FUNCTIONAL GENOME Singh Meenika* Kumar Namrata; Kushwaha Rajesh Kr.; Kumar Hemant Department of Biotectnology , Goel institute of technology and management , Faizabad road , Lucknow.

ABSTRACT The introduction of vaccinology has been very effective in preventing infectious diseases. However, in several cases, the conventional approach to identify protective antigens, based on biochemical, immunological and microbiological methods, has failed to deliver successful vaccine candidates against major bacterial pathogens. The recent development of powerful biotechnological tools applied to genome-based approaches has revolutionized vaccine development, biological research and clinical diagnostics. The availability of a genome provides an inclusive virtual catalogue of all the potential antigens from which it is possible to select the molecules that are likely to be more effective. Preparation of vaccine is not so easy now. It needs to know some fundamental matters such as virulence determination, antigenic variation, response against viral antigens etc. In the primitive stage of vaccine application, antigens from the causing agents are directly injected into the host body. It was very harmful for human body. Now we are living in the time of genetic engineering where safe and secured life is ensured to everybody as much as possible. So vaccines are now prepared in the simplest and safe way by genetic engineering. Businessmen are now trying to improve and manipulate vaccines in a better way so they introduce new innovation in the field of vaccines.

STEPS FOR QSAR DEVELOPMENT Fatima Zeeshan* Amity Institute of Pharmacy Amity University, Uttar Pradesh.

ABSTRACT QSAR quantitative structure activity relationship aims at developing statistically significant mathematical models that attempt to relate the structure-derived features of a compound to its biological or physicochemical activity. Development of QSAR models starts with data collection. The data collected should be of high quality so that a good statistical model can be generated. The congeneric series having wide range of pharmacological activity is consider .The physicochemical descriptors that defines the chemical structure are consider .The unwanted and redundant molecular descriptor should be discarded before model preparation. The data set is then divided into training and test set. The model is build taking the training set into consideration and it is validated using a test set. Various modeling methods like multiple linear regression, logistic regression, and machine learning methods are used to build models that describe the empirical relationship between the structure and property of interest.

Keywords: QSAR, Chemical structure, congeneric, molecular descriptors.

AUTISM: AN EARLY-ONSET NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER Mishra Ankita, Verma Neeraj, Singh B. P. Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, Near Indira Canal Faizabad Road, Lucknow, 226010.

ABSTRACT Autism is an early-onset neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication, and the repetitive interests or restricted interests and behaviors. Approximately 67 million people are affected by autism around the world. It has increased to epidemic proportions, affecting four times as many males and females.. Autism is well known as a complex developmental disorder with a seemingly confusing and uncertain pathogenesis. The serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, GABA, cytokinin thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of autism. Autism is classified as complex neuro developmental disabilities, which is characterized by significant difficulties in social, communicative, and behavioral functioning. Given the consequence of autism for understanding of normative and unusual development of social behavior, investigation in autism has the potential to crucially update awareness in biological, medical, social and behavioral sciences. Key words: Autism, neurodevelopment, GABA, cytokinin.

COMMUNITY PHARMACY: IMPORTANCE & NEED IN PRESENT SCENARIO Pujari Neelkanth M*1, Kumar Anurag1, Sachan Anupam K1, Giri Ishwar Chandra2 1

Dayanand Dinanath College, Institute of Pharmacy, Kanpur (U.P.).

2

Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. M.C. Saxena College of Pharmacy, Lucknow (U.P.).

ABSTRACT Community pharmacy is a pharmacy that deals directly with people in the local area. It has responsibilities including compounding, counseling, checking and dispensing of prescription drugs to the patients with care, accuracy, and legality. A community pharmacy has appropriate procurement, storage, dispensing and documentation of medicines. It is an important branch of the pharmacy profession and involves a registered pharmacist with the education, skills and competence to deliver the professional service to the community. In compliance with the vision of the community pharmacy section of the International Pharmaceutical Federation, community pharmacists should be experts in pharmaceutical care, pharmacotherapy, and health promotion, be professional communicators with patients, other healthcare providers, and decision makers, deliver good quality in products, services, and communication and document their actions and make descriptions and publications. Pharmacists play a vital role connecting patients and medical professionals. They are specially trained to help manage side effects and counsel patients on taking multiple medications effectively and safely, and they are also more easily accessible than physicians. Community pharmacists offer a trusted environment in which to reduce medication errors and improve safety, while reducing costs and improving the quality of care. Keywords: Dispensing, Medication, Healthcare, Safety.

A REVIEW ON ROLE OF INFLUENZA TYPE A H1N1 VIRUS FOR THE SWINE FLU DISEASE Shukla Avinash*, Rawat Dhiraj, Srivastava Amit Kishor, Kumar Saroj Goel Institute of pharmacy & sciences, Lucknow. E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Swine flu viruses do not normally infect humans. The classical swine flu virus (an influenza type A H1N1 virus) was first isolated from a pig in 1930. However, Human infection with swine flu has occurred in persons with direct exposure to pig. In addition, there have been documented cases of one person spreading swine flu. Swine Influenza (swine flu) is a respiratory disease of pig caused by type A influenza virus that regularly causes outbreaks of influenza in pig. Swine flu viruses cause high levels of illness and low death rates in pig. When influenza virus from different species infect pig, the viruses can reassert (i.e. swap genes) and new viruses that are a mix of swine, human and/or avian influenza viruses can emerge. At this time, there are four main influenza types A virus subtypes that have been isolated in pigs i.e. H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, and H3N1. However, most of the recently isolated influenza viruses from pigs have been H1N1 viruses. Keywords: Swine flu, H1N1 influenza Virus, Swaps genes, Common flu etc.

HOSPITAL PHARMACY: FUNCTIONS & OBJECTIVES Kumar Anurag*1, Pujari Neelkanth M1, Kumar Shailesh2, Namrata Singh2, Kumar Vineet2 1

Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Dinanath College, Institute of Pharmacy, Kanpur (U.P.) 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dayanand Dinanath College, Institute of Pharmacy, Kanpur (U.P.)

ABSTRACT The practice of pharmacy within the hospital under the supervision of a professional pharmacist is known as hospital pharmacy. Hospital pharmacy is also responsible for monitoring of the drug therapy management. It is also responsible for ensuring safe and rational drug use. Functions of a hospital pharmacy are Forecast of demand, Selection of reliable suppliers, Prescribing specifications of the required medicament, Purchasing and inventory control, Patient counseling, Drug information source in the hospital, Distribution of medicament in the wards, Dispensing of medicaments to out patients, Maintenance of manufacturing records, Manufacturing of sterile or non sterile preparation, Centre for drug utilization studies, Quality control of purchased or manufactured products and Maintaining liaison between medical, nursing and the patients. Objectives of a Hospital Pharmacy are to professionalize the working of the hospital pharmacy so as to effectively meet the objectives of the hospitals, to ensure availability of the required medication at an affordable cost at the time it is required and without compromising with the quality and/or the efficacy of the medicament, to serve as a source of information on drug utilization, to participate in and implement the decision of the pharmacy and therapeutic committee, to plan, organize and implement the policies of the pharmacy which are in accordance with those of the hospital, to engage in public health activities to improve the well-being of the population , to interact, cooperate and coordinate with various other departments of the hospital. Keywords: Rational use of medication, reliable & affordable services, Improve public health.

ANTI-HIV ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL HERBS: USAGE AND POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT Kumar Abhisek*, Saini Harsh, Prakash Om Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, Faizabad road Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a result of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection which subsequently leads to significant suppression of immune functions. AIDS is a significant threat to the health of mankind, and the search for effective therapies to treat AIDS is of paramount importance. Several chemical anti-HIV agents have been developed. However, besides the high cost, there are adverse effects and limitations associated with using chemotherapy for the treatment of HIV infection. Phyllanthus niruri commonly known as bhoomi Amla or break-stone reveals that its antiviral activity extends to human immunodeficiency virus. A Japanese research group discovered Phyllanthus niruri HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibition properties in 1992 with a simple water extract of the plant. Scientists from Bristol-Myers Squibb‘s Pharmaceutical Research Institute isolated a novel compound Niruside which are responsible for anti-HIV activity. Thus, herbal medicines have frequently been used as an alternative medical therapy by HIV positive individuals and AIDS patients. The aim of this review is to summarize research findings for Phyllanthus niruri, which are endowed with the ability to inhibit HIV. Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri, Indian Medicinal Plants, HIV, AIDS.

ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN HEALTH CARE SYSTEM Pujari Neelkanth M*, Kumar Anurag, Kumar Shailesh, Singh Namrata, Sachan Anupam K, Giri Ishwar Chandra1 *

Department of Pharmacology, Dayanand Dinanath College, Institute of Pharmacy, Kanpur (U.P.) 1 Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. M.C. Saxena College of Pharmacy, Lucknow (U.P.)

ABSTRACT Pharmacists play a vital role in the health care system through the medicine and information they provide. Pharmacist responsibilities include a range of care for patients, from dispensing medications to monitoring patient health and progress to maximize their response to the medication. Pharmacists also educate consumers and patients on the use of prescriptions and over-the-counter medications, and advice physicians, nurses, and other health professionals on drug decisions. Pharmacists also provide expertise about the composition of drugs, including their chemical, biological, and physical properties and their manufacture and use. They ensure drug purity and strength and make sure that drugs do not interact in a harmful way. Pharmacists are drug experts ultimately concerned about their patients' health and wellness. The principal goal of pharmaceutical care is to achieve positive outcomes from the use of medication which improves patients' quality of life with minimum risk. Pharmacists strive to Cure disease, Eliminate or reduce symptoms, Arrest or slow a disease process, Prevent disease, diagnose disease and Alter physiological processes for desirable result in the patient's health.

Keywords: Pharmacist, Medication, Patient-Health.

ACTINIDIA CHINESIS: A PRIMARY REMEDY FOR DENGUE FEVER Kumar Krishna*, Siddique Nadim, Prakash Om Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, Faizabad road Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh

ABSTRACT Actinidia chinesis is commonly known by Hayward or kiwifruit belonging to family Actinidiaceae. It is indigenous to China, south Asia, Southeast and it had been developed into a new fruit crop in New Zealand. Kiwifruit is a good source of several vitamins and minerals and dietary fibre, and contains a number of phytochemicals; so kiwifruit potentially provides health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Consumption of green kiwifruit can have positive effects on cardiovascular health through antioxidant activity, inhibition of platelet aggregation and lowered TAG levels, and gut health through improving laxation, aiding digestion and promoting a healthy gut microflora. The importance of nutrition on immune function is well recognised, with deficiencies in vitamins A, C, E, B6 and B12, folic acid, Zn, Cu, Fe and Se being associated with impaired immune function and increased susceptibility to diseases. The objective of current study is that Actinidia chinesis reduced ADP and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Concomitant use with other agents that inhibit normal platelet function could theoretically potentiate bleeding risks and causes rapid increase of blood platelets. In human research, consumption of kiwifruit decreased platelet aggregation. Keywords: Kiwifruit, Dengue Fever, Platelets.

FAST DISSOLVING TABLET Kushwaha Kamna, Saxena Preeti, Rathaur Shivam, Dubey Vishal Advance Institute of Biotech & Paramedical Sciences, Naramau, Kanpur

ABSTRACT Fast dissolving tablet follows first order kinetics. Oral route is the most preferable and convenient route of administration as it offers advantages like ease of administration, highly versatile, patient compliance and accurate dosing. The most popular solid dosage forms are being tablets and capsules. One important drawback of these dosage forms for some patients, is the difficulty to swallow and readily access to water for easy swallowing dosage. Difficulty in swallowing (dysphasia) is also a common problem of all age groups, especially the elderly and paediatrics, because of physiological changes associated with these groups. Fast dissolving drug delivery is rapidly gaining acceptance as an important new drug delivery technology which aims to enhance safety and efficacy of drug molecule by formulating a convenient dosage form for administration and to achieve better patient compliance. The fast dissolving tablet (FDT) has remarkable disintegration properties and it can rapidly disintegrate without water in the mouth within few seconds. When an FDT is placed in the oral cavity, The formulated tablets were evaluated for various physical tests like weight variation, friability, hardness and results complied with the limits. Fast dissolving tablet are also called as mouth dissloving tablet. FDT have rapid drug therapy intervention. In present review the formulation technique and different technologies. These tablets manufactured by conventional processing and packaging equipments. Keywords: Mouth dissolving tablet, Rapid drug therapy.

“INHIBITORY EFFECT OF TRADITIONALLY USED HERBAL DRUG EXTRACTS ON DOPAMINERGIC NEURONS IN THE MPTP RAT MODEL OF PARKINSON DISEASE” Srivastava Amit kishor, Kashyap Monu, Mahima Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, Faizabad road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh

ABSTRACT Parkinson‘s disease (PD) is one of the most common degenerative disorders of the central nervous system among the elderly. The disease is caused by the slow deterioration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Treatment strategies to protect dopaminergic neurons from progressive damage have received much attention.1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) is known to cause parkinsonism in humans and this fact is a major incentive for using this toxin as an animal model to study the pathogenesis of Parkinson‘s disease (PD). Although the monkey MPTP model remains the best, most studies have been performed in mice. The so-called acute and sub-acute regimens are commonly used. Both induce tissue striatal dopamine (DA) depletion and nigral neuron death. here we discuss their possible mechanisms of action in MPTP models of PD. Traditional medicinal herbs, with their low toxicity and sideeffects, have become the potential therapeutic interventions for prevention and treatment of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, a new approach in the treatment of Parkinson's disease is to develop drugs which might prevent or retard the disease progression. Keywords: Parkinson‘s disease, neuroprotection, substantia nigra, dopamine.

ORALLY DISSOLVING STRIPS: A NEW APPROACH TO ORAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM Khare Shruti ,Tiwari Astha, Kumar Dharmender, Dwivedi Manu,Patel Nitin Kant Advance Institute Of Biotech And Paramedical Science, Kanpur.

ABSTRACT Recently, fast dissolving films are gaining interest as an alternative of fast dissolving tablets. The films are designed to dissolve upon contact with a wet surface, such as the tongue, within a few seconds, meaning the consumer can take the product without need for additional liquid. This convenience provides both a marketing advantage and increased patient compliance. As the drug is directly absorbed into systemic circulation, degradation in gastrointestinal tract and first pass effect can be avoided. These points make this formulation most popular and acceptable among pediatric and geriatric patients and patients with fear of choking. Over-the-counter films for pain management and motion sickness are commercialized in the US markets. Many companies are utilizing transdermal drug delivery technology to develop thin film formats. In the present review, recent advancements regarding fast dissolving buccal film formulation and their evaluation parameters are compiled. Keywords: Fast dissolving films, oral mucosa, permeability, solvent casting, solvent casting and disintegration.

SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF SOME NOVEL N-P-METHYLBENZOYL-N’-AROMATIC HETEROCYCLIC AMINES THIOUREA DERIVATIVES Nigam.A.K Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, Lucknow.

ABSTRACT In our present study, a group of N-p-methylbenzoyl-N‘-substituted aromatic amines thiourea derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. There are two steps involve for the synthesis of various derivatives of Np-methylbenzoyl-N‘- substituted aromatic amines thiourea. The structures of new compounds were supported by IR and 1HNMR spectral data. These compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against B. subtilis and E. coli. Among the synthesized. Among number of compounds, N-(4-methylbenzoyl)-N‘-(4chloro-2-nitrophenyl) thiourea & N- (4-methylbenzoyl)-N‘-(4-methylphenyl) thiourea were found to be most active antimicrobial compounds.

“OPTIZORB: A UNIQUE TECHNIQUE FOR BURST RELEASE” Srivastava Akash, Singh Ankit, Singh Shraddha, Dubey Vishal, Khare Shruti Advance Institute of Biotech & Paramedical Sciences, Kanpur.

ABSTRACT Optizorb technology is a combination of ingredients which together speed up the rate at which the paracetamol tablet disintegrates and dissolves in the stomach. Dispersible tablets are uncoated or film-coated tablets that can be dispersed in liquid before administration giving a homogenous dispersion. Technology which allows the tablet to start disintegrating in as little as 5 minutes is called Optizorb. Advance tablet that contain optizorb technology were shown to start relieving pain in just 15 minutes. ―OptiZorb‖ disintegration technology is five times faster and thus gets to work much more quickly. It is easily dispersed in stomach and work faster, relief faster. OptiZorb technology is based on the use of superdisintegrants. OptiZorb technology is based on the use of excipients of Alginic acid and calcium carbonate as disintegrants in different concentrations. Alginic acid absorbs lot of water, swells and leads to decay effect brought about. Calcium carbonate reacts with the stomach acid, within 3 minutes it releases 90% of the active ingredient. OptiZorb technology is five times faster and thus gets to work much more quickly. FT-IR study reveals that there is no interaction between drug and excipients and can be used for preparation of OptiZorb dispersible tablets. Keywords: Optizorb, Alginic Acid, Dispersible tablets.

ZIZIPHUS OENOPLIA (L.) MILL: HEPATOPROTECTIVE ROOT Shrivastav Mohit1, Shukla Avinash1, Singh Satyawan1, Rao ChV 2, Singh Arpita1* 1. Goel Institute of Pharmacy &Sciences, Faizabad Road, Lucknow (U.P)-226028 2. Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacology Division, National Botanical Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Rana Pratap Marg, P.O. Box No. 436, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India. E-mail:- [email protected] ABSTRACT Herbal medicines are the ancient medical practice present in India. It is getting popularized owing to its natural origin and lesser side effects. The liver is the most important organ that plays an important role in maintaining various physiological processes in the body. Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver and is characterized by the presence of inflammatory cells in the tissue of the organ. Liver cell injury caused by various toxic chemicals (anti-biotic, chemotherapeutic agents, CCl4, thioacetamide, excessive alcohol consumption and microbes) is prevailed. The available synthetic drugs to treat liver disorders cause further damage to the liver. Hence herbal drugs have become increasingly popular. Hepatoprotective natural products such as Andrographic paniculata, Silybum marianum, Coccinia grandis, Wedelia calendulacea, Annona squamosa, Ficus carica, Solanum nigrum, Phyllanthus emblica, Picrorhiza kurroa, Azadirachta indica, Aegle marmelos, Jatropha curcas, Foeniculum vulgare, Eclipta alba, Garcinia mangostana Linn., Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill.are widely used. This review focuses on the detailed phytochemical composition, medicinal uses, along with pharmacological properties of Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill. (makai in Hindi). Ziziphus oenoplia a straggling shrub is found throughout the hotter parts of India, Ceylon, Tropical Asia and Australia, well-known for its therapeutic efficiency in different diseases globally. Keywords: Ziziphus oenoplia, Hepatoprotective, extracts.

MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDIES OF NOVEL BENZIMIDAZOLE ANALOGS AS HIV-1-RT INHIBITORS Singh Rohit *, Mahima, Kashyap Monu, Singh Shubham, Nilesh Goel institute of pharmacy & sciences, Lucknow, U.P, India. [email protected]

ABSTRACT The urgent need for novel HIV-1-RT inhibitors with broad spectrum chemotherapeutic properties has provided an impetus for understanding the structural requisites of HIV-1-RT inhibitors at the molecular level. Toward this objective, binding mode analysis of 100 benzimidazole analogs was performed. Molecular docking studies were performed on novel benzimidazoles by Glide program in the active site of four different enzymes namely HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (PDB code 1RT2), peptide deformylase (PDB code 1G2A), Mycobacterium tuberculosis-CYP51 (PDB code 1EA1) and Candida albicans (CACYP51) (PDB code chimeric-1EA1) to study the binding mode of these analogs. Results generated from this study indicate that most of the compounds dock into the active site of different enzymes such as 1RT2, 1G2A, 1EA1 and chimeric-1EA1 enzymes showing good docking scores comparable to the standard compounds. The docking analysis of the highest active compound revealed significant interaction along with H-bond interactions into the active site amino acid residues of 1RT2, 1G2A, 1EA1 and chimeric1EA1. Keywords: Reverse transcriptase; Docking; Benzimidazoles; HIV; Peptide deformylase.

HEART-TARGETED NANOSCALE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS (NANO TECHNOLOGY) Rawat Deepak*, Shrivastav Mohit, Saroj Deepak, Ved Akash Goel institute of pharmacy & science near Indra canal faizabad raod, Lucknow (U.P.) E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The efficacious delivery of drugs to the heart is an important treatment strategy for various heart diseases. Nanocarriers have shown increasing promise in targeted drug delivery systems. The success of nanocarriers for delivering drugs to therapeutic sites in the heart mainly depends on specific target sites, appropriate drug delivery carriers and effective targeting ligands. Successful targeted drug delivery suggests the specific deposition of a drug in the heart with minimal effects on other organs after administration. This review discusses the pathological manifestations, pathogenesis, therapeutic limitations and new therapeutic advances in various heart diseases. In particular, we summarize the recent advances in heart-targeted nanoscale drug delivery systems, including dendrimers, liposomes, polymer-drug conjugates, microparticles, nanostents, nanoparticles, micelles and microbubbles. The oncoming generations of nanoscale biomedical/pharmaceutical products will have object specificity, carry multiple drugs, and potentially release the payloads at desired unreliable time periods. Nanotechnology is also opening up new opportunities in implantable delivery systems, which are often preferable to the use of injectable drugs, for the reason that the latter frequently show first order kinetics that may ground toxicity and decreased drug ability. The presented data displays that these systems can be used excellently for continued release applications. Keywords: Nanocarriers, drug delivery, myocardial ischemia, Nanotechnology Biotechnology, nanomedicine etc.

INDIANS, BEST SUITED POPULATION FOR IRRATIONAL DRUG IN RATIONAL FORM Gupta Saumya*, Singh Sagar, Kori Preeti, Mr Singh.Yatendra Advance Institue of Biotech & Paramedical Sciences, Naramau, Kanpur

ABSTRACT Several branded formulations are available in India which is either single or fixed dose combination drugs. No doubt all the formulations are meant for prevention or treatment of ailments and diseases, out of which only a few drugs are lifesaving and essential; rest of the drugs are substitutes for each other. There was alarming increase in irrational FDCs in recent years and pharmaceutical companies manufacturing these FDCs are luring physicians to prescribe by unethical means. The total number of essential drugs mentioned in the 14th list of essential medicines by WHO is 312, out of which only 18 are fixed dose combinations2 . But many of the irrational combinations are popular and widely prescribed by physicians in our country. Manufacturers' main motive behind mixing drugs is, of course, to generate prescriptions and make profits. One can hardly expect anything else if there are over 17,000 pharmaceutical manufacturers, some 40,000 brands but only around 450 basic medicines. When atenolol does not generate enough sales, it is mixed with alprazolam to create an expensive 'novel' product. In the absence of research, the pharmaceutical industry in India has been reduced to a purely commercial activity in which marketing is the name of the game. It is no wonder that the basic principles of pharmacology get pushed to the background. Keywords:

FDCs

Organization).

(Fixed

Drug

Combination),

WHO

(World

Health

MICRO - PARTICULATE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: AN EXCELLENT WAY TO IMPROVE PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY Rajvansh Roshani *, Mishra Ankita, Kumar Saroj Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, Near Indra Canal Faizabad Road, Lucknow, 226010.

ABSTRACT Microparticulate drug delivery system is one of the processes to provide the sustained & controlled delivery of drug to long periods of time. Micro particles are also a beneficial way of delivering APIs which are pharmacologically active but are difficult to deliver due to limited solubility in water. Solubility is an essential factor for drug effectiveness, independent of the route of administration. Poorly soluble drugs are often a challenging task for formulators in the industry. By mean of micro particulate system we could improve the pharmaco therapeutic activity of many APIs which is less soluble as well as less permeable. Micro particles are defined as particulate dispersions or solid particles with a size in the range of 1μm -1000μm. Generally 2µm - 5µm range consider to formulating micro particulate inhalable dosing. This microencapsulation technology allows protection of drug from the environment, stabilization of sensitive drug substances, elimination of incompatibilities, or masking of unpleasant taste and allows delivering drug by various routes of administration like oral, parenteral, ocular and deep pulmonary route. Micro particles-based formulations can be formulated to provide a constant drug concentration in the blood or to target drugs to specific cells or organs. Now days microparticulate system play vital role in treatment of tuberculosis, cancer, diabetes etc by mean of dry inhalable powder formulation. In recent years, biodegradable polymeric microparticles, particularly those coated with hydrophilic polymer such as polyethylene glycol known as long-circulating. Various pharmaceutically acceptable techniques for the preparation of microparticles have been given. Some of the methods include Emulsion–Spray drying (most used technique), Emulsion extraction process, and Jet milling technique, Fluidization & solvent precipitation method. Keywords: Microparticulate system, improve solubility.

THE PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS COMMITTEE Singh Chandan K*, Trivedi Nikhil,Chauhan Akansha S, Shukla Shreya Dr.M.C.Saxena College of Pharmacy, Lucknow.

ABSTRACT The Pharmacy and Therapeutics (P&T) Committee is an important medical staff advisory group. As the primary, formal communication link between the pharmacy and medical staff, the P&T Committee is of particular importance to the department of pharmacy services. All matters pertaining to the use of medications within the institution, including pharmacy programs, must be reviewed and approved through the committee. In addition, medication formulary data is reviewed through the committee and recommendations are offered to the medical staff. Such a wide diversification of involvement and activity necessitates the effective communication between all committee members. An active involvement in the committee by the department of pharmacy services is vital in order to develop a contemporary and progressive institutional pharmacy program. This series of four articles will address several important aspects of the committee‘s operation, including committee formation, mechanics, operation, and problem solving. The goals and function of a productive and effective hospital P&T Committee are described. The primary responsibilities of the P&T Committee are to ensure high-quality drug therapy for hospital patients, provide liaison between medical staff and the department of pharmacy services. To meet its responsibilities, the P&T Committee maintains a formulary of medications approved for routine patient care, reviews drug use and adverse drug reactions, and establishes procedures for prescribing, dispending, and administered drugs in the hospital. The P&T Committee acts on behalf of the medical board of the hospital, and actions of the Committee are subject to the board‘s approval. Keywords: Pharmaceutical Therapeutic Committee, Pharmacy services, Medical straff.

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DISEASE BURDEN OF BURULI ULCER: A REVIEW Kumar Devendra*, Yadav Jaikee, Singh Abhishek, Kumar Jitendra, Prakash Om Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, Lucknow Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Buruli ulcer (BU) is a neglected tropical skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. Infection foci occur mainly in remote, rural areas of Central and West

Africa, but also in Australia and Papua New Guinea. In addition, infections caused by M. ulcerans strains of a different lineage are sporadically reported from scattered foci in Asia and the Americas. While in the past decade more than 42,000 BU cases have been reported worldwide, an assessment of the actual global disease burden is complicated by the remoteness of affected populations and a lack of data on the incidence of BU in a number of countries, from which cases have been historically reported. Moreover, as BU patients present with diverse clinical manifestations ranging from relatively unspecific nodules, plaques, or edema to necrotic, ulcerative lesions, differential diagnosis is manifold and thus clinical misclassification may occur. Since to date reservoirs and transmission pathways of M. ulcerans remain equivocal, early diagnosis and treatment of patients are key determinants to control the disease. Particularly in view of the apparent decline in BU incidence in regions of West Africa, awareness and knowledge of BU in endemic regions must be retained to ensure a continuous monitoring and control. An integrated approach for the control of tropical skin diseases should be considered to cope with this difficult task. This review article aims at providing an overview of the current global burden of BU and summarizes the state of knowledge on the various epidemiological aspects of this enigmatic disease. Key words: Neglected tropical disease, chronic skin ulcers.

DEVELOPMENT OF NANOCRYTSALS OF CEFPODOXIME PROXETIL WITH IMPROVED ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY Kapoor Archita*, Maurya Priyanka, Datt Neelam, Saraf Shailendra K. Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Lucknow-226028 U.P., India

ABSTRACT Cefpodoxime Proxetil (CP) is a third generation Cephalosporin ester prodrug classified as BCS class IV drug, having poor solubility and poor permeability. The aim of the present study was to improve the antibacterial activity of CP by preparing its nanocrystals. A comparative antibacterial study of pure CP, marketed tablets of CP and its nanocrystals was performed at different concentrations by cup-plate method on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The dilutions were prepared in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The in-vitro antibacterial activity revealed that the nanocrystals were more effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in comparison to pure drug and its marketed formulation. The study also determined that the drug is more effective against Staphylococcus aureus than Escherichia coli. The results were confirmed by comparing the zone of inhibition on both the bacterial strains. Keywords: Cefpodoxime Proxetil, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), nanocrystals.

THE STUDY OF CHICKEN POX (VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS) DISEASE Patel Pradeep1*, kumar Madhaw2, Mishra Richa2,Shrivastava sweta1, Dr.Verma Neeraj2 Goel Institute of pharmacy & science near Indra canal faizabad road, Lucknow (U.P.) E-mail:[email protected]

ABSTRACT Most people in the UK get chickenpox in childhood, when it is usually a mild infection causing a rash. Once you have had chickenpox, you cannot catch it a second time, because your body produces antibodies to prevent you getting it again. This usually affects people with low immunity especially new born, children and pregnant women. It is usually seen in children under the age of 10 year. Chickenpox is not a serious condition, but its complete recovery may take some time. Also the body develops immunity once it recovers from this medical condition meaning, a person is immune from it for his lifetime. Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) causes Chickenpox. A healthy person may also contract chickenpox by touching fluids from the blister/s of an infected person. person suffering from chickenpox may show the following symptoms .Itchy red rash, Painful blisters, Sore throat, High fever (100°F to 103°F), Tiredness and lethargy, Loss of appetite, Headache, Vomiting etc.

The period of acquiring Chickenpox virus and appearance of

symptoms may take 3 days. MMRV vaccine has been associated with rash and

higher rates of fever than MMR and Varicella vaccines given separately. MMRV . These usually occur 5-12 days after the first dose. Keywords: Varicella Zoster Virus, immune, pregnant women, antibodies etc.

CAMPOTHECIN IS BETTER FOR THE TREATMENT OF CANCER Singh Amita*, Soni Anjali, Rao Arpita, Khan Raziuddin, Hussain Zeashan Mahatma Gandhi Institute Of Pharmacy – Junabganj-227101, Lucknow - (U.P.).

ABSTRACT The camptothecins are a new class of chemotherapeutic agents which have a novel mechanism of action targeting the nuclear enzyme topoisomerase I. Knowledge of the structure activity relationships of the parent compound camptothecin has led to the development of effective solubleanalogues with manageable toxicities. Camptothecin is a naturally occurring, pentacyclicquinoline alkaloid that possesses high cytotoxic activity in a variety of cell lines. Major limitations of the drug, including poor solubility and inactivity at physiological conditions, prevent full clinical utilization. Camptothecin remains at equilibrium in an active lactone form and inactive hydrolyzed carboxylate form. The active lactone binds to DNA topoisomerase I cleavage complex, believed to be the single site of activity inhibiting DNA religation, resulting in apoptosis.. The goal of this review is to summarize the relevant literature for others interested in the field of camptothecin-based therapeutics. Keywords: Camptothecins, topoisomerase I inhibitors, cancer therapy.

THE COMMUNITY PHARMACIST HIS SPECIAL RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE PRESENT ERA Singh Shivangi*, Bajpai Priyanka Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.

ABSTRACT Today, community pharmacists play an important role in any country as they take responsibility for patient‘s medicine related needs for access to healthcare. However, in India only the supply of medicines remains the core activity of the community pharmacist. Most community pharmacists in the country still hardly offer patient‐oriented service. The role of the pharmacists in the community, and with it their medicine management, may change in the wake of the rapid growth of domestic medicine output and national healthcare expenditure. Pharmacists have progressively undertaken the additional task of ensuring the quality of the products they supply. The pharmacist verifies the legality, safety and appropriateness of the prescription order, checks the patient medication record before dispensing the prescription (when such records are kept in the pharmacy), ensures that the quantities of medication are dispensed accurately, and decides whether the medication should be handed to the patient, with appropriate counseling, by a pharmacist. In many countries, the community pharmacist is in a unique position to be fully aware of the patient‘s past and current drug history and, consequently, can provide essential advice to the prescriber. This article seeks to discuss the genesis of Indian community pharmacy, the majority of which are privately owned, and sketches its education, training and future prospects. Keywords: Community Pharmacist, Responsibility, Patient counseling.

DEVELOPMENT OF GARCINIA CAMBOGIATOPICAL EMULGEL FOR WOUND MANAGEMENT Yadav Surabhi*, Koshy Mary, Saraf Shailendra K Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Lucknow- 226028, U.P., India. Corresponding E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The growing popularity of herbal medications and paucity of reported adverse reaction prompted the formulation of a herbal topical preparation for wound management.Garciniacambogia is an alternative plant, having rich sources for investigations,is reported to have significant anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antimicrobial, and anti-oxidant activities, which are complementary to wound healing process. The o/w emulsion was required to be formulated for the incorporation of the hydrophobic leaf extract of Garciniacambogia into the hydrogel. The o/w emulsion was prepared by primary homogenization technique. The optimized batch of the emulsion was evaluatedfor its type, colour, average globule size, stability and viscosity. Based upon the consistency, the optimized batches of emulgel were formulated with a 1:10 ratio of emulsion and gel.The evaluation

parametersfor

the

emulgel

were

consistency,

pH,

grittiness,spreadability, gel strength, viscosity and in-vitro release study. Formulation and development of o/w emulsion containing Garciniacambogiain a gel topical delivery system (emulgel) was successfully carried out and could be a promising approach for the treatment of topical lesions. Keywords: Garciniacambogiain, herbal medication,anti-oxitant.

NEED OF PHARMACOECONOMICS IN INDIAN HEALTH CARE SYSTEM Mishra Pragya *, Khan Samiya Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The rising cost of healthcare delivery systems is a major concern to all patients, healthcare professionals, and the government. The demand for and the cost of health care are increasing in all countries as the improvement in and sophistication of health technologies. The increase in health care spending is mainly because of increased life expectance, increased technology, increased standard of living and increased demand in health care quality and services. Medicines form a small but significant proportion of total health care cost. As the affordability of new medical technologies continues to be the subject of heated debate, attention is also increasingly focused on providing quality and cost effective healthcare. Economic evaluation of pharmaceutical products, or pharmacoeconomics, is a rapidly growing area of research. Pharmacoeconomic evaluation is important in helping clinicians and decision makers to make choices about new pharmaceutical products and in helping patients obtain access to new medicines. Over the last few years, the scientific rigor of this field has increased. As a consequence of limited financial resources, health economics, and particularly pharmacoeconomic analyses, are becoming a frequently used criterion for decision making in modern health care policy. The purpose of this article is to provide an introduction of pharmacoeconomics, its various methods of evaluations such as cost minimization analysis, cost benefit analysis, cost utility analysis, cost effectiveness analysis and also discuss challenges, limitations and applications of pharmacoeconomics. Keywords: Pharmacoeconomics. Health Economics, Cost Effective Healthcare.

ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN PHARMACEUTICAL IN DRUG DESIGNING Shahab Anam* , Kumar Namrata , Kushwaha kr. Rajesh , Kumar Hemant Department of Biotechnology, Goel Institute of technology and management, Lucknow.

ABSTRACT Biotechnological methods have become an important tool in pharmaceutical drug research and development. Today approximately 15% of drug revenues are derived from biopharmaceutical. The most relevant indications are oncology, metabolic disorders and disorder of musculoskeletal system. Currently, the share of substance in preclinical testing that relies on biotechnology is more than 25% of all substances in preclinical testing. New therapeutic approaches such as RNA interference only play a minor role in current in current commercial drug research and development with 1.5% of all biological preclinical substances. Biotechnology helps the pharmaceutical industry to develop new product, new processes, methods and services and to improve existing ones. Biotechnology is the integration of number of scientific disciplines including microbiology, genetics, biochemistry and chemical engineering. It uses living organisms, or systems or products from these organisms to make or modify useful products. New biotechnology comprises genetic engineering, protoplast fusion and monoclonal antibody techniques, powerful new ―tools‖ designed to generate efficient bioprocesses and products for the pharmaceutical industry. The following areas of biotechnology are highlighted: human insulin, interferon, and other growth factors, neuroactives peptides, blood products, antibiotics, enzymes, monoclonal antibodies, vaccines and oncogens. Keywords: RNA: ribose nucleic acid.

THE ROLE OF GLUTAMATE NMDA RECEPTORS ANTAGONISTS IN EPILEPSY AND OTHER CNS DISORDERS Fatima Tatheer*, Yadav Meena, Hussain Zeashan Department of Pharmacology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow.

ABSTRACT Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and, as such, it inevitably plays a role in the initiation and spread of seizure activity. It also plays a critical role in epileptogenesis. The process of "kindling" limbic seizures in rodents by repeated electrical stimulation is dependent on activation of N-methylD-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. The function of these receptors is enhanced in the hippocampus of kindled rats and in the cerebral cortex of patients with focal epilepsy. Glutamate antagonists selective for NMDA or non-NMDA receptors are potent anticonvulsants when given systemically in a wide variety of animal models of epilepsy. NMDA antagonists. Glutamate receptor antagonists provide significant protection against brain damage following global or focal cerebral ischemia or acute traumatic injury in rodent models. Anticonvulsant compounds of the lamotrigine type, which act on sodium channels and reduce ischemiainduced glutamate release, are cerebroprotective in rodent ischemia models. More recently, research has focused on the therapeutic potential of blocking excitatory amino acids, the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor of the EAA is considered the one of most interest in epilepsy and competitive NMDA receptor antagonists are proposed as potential anti-epileptic drugs. Development of ideas on the mechanisms of seizures and epileptic drugs reflects the progress in our understanding of the central nervous system physiology, particularly of neurotransmission. Therefore, elucidation of the basic mechanism of seizure and search for new antiepileptic in order to treat the drug resistant form of epilepsy and to improve the efficacy of current therapies seem justified.

Keywords: Epilepsy, antiepileptic (AEDs), NMDA receptors, excitatory amino acids (EAA), Glutamate antagonists, lamotrigine.

TRANSGENIC PLANT FOR EDIBLE VACCINE Yogendra*, kumar namrata, Kushwaha rajesh kumar, kumar Hemant. Department of Biotechnology, Goel institute of technology and management, Lucknow.

ABSTRACT There is growing acceptance of transgenic crops in both industrial and developing countries to genetically modified foods may affect the future of edible vaccines. Various Edible plant-derived vaccines may lead to a future of safer and more effective immunization. Edible vaccines have many advantages such as, cost-effective, easy-to-administer, easy-to-store, fail-safe and socio culturally readily acceptable vaccine delivery system, especially for the poor developing countries. It is useful only for preventing infectious diseases; it has also found application in prevention of autoimmune diseases, birth control, cancer therapy, etc. Edible vaccines are currently being developed for a number of human and animal diseases. This review creating edible vaccines involves introduction of selected desired genes into plants and then inducing these altered plants to manufacture the encoded proteins. This process is known as "transformation," and the altered plants are called "transgenic plants." Like conventional subunit vaccines, edible vaccines are composed of antigenic proteins and are devoid of pathogenic genes attempts to discuss the current status and future of this new preventive modality. Edible plantderived vaccine may lead to a future of safer and more effective immunization. Edible vaccines activate for both mucosal and systemic immunity, as they come in contact with the digestive tract lining. This dual effect would provide first-line defense against pathogens invading through mucosa, like Mycobacterium tuberculosis and agents causing diarrhea, pneumonia, STDs, HIV, etc. Keywords: Immunization, autoimmune-disease ,cancer-therapy, transgenic-plant.

GREEN COFFEE AND ITS IMPACT ON OBESITY . Mishra Arun K*, Mishra Amrita Central Facility of Instrumentation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad, 244102, India.

ABSTRACT A green coffee extract is an extract of unroasted, green coffee beans, used as a weight-loss supplement and as an ingredient in other weight-loss products. It contains a substance called Chlorogenic Acid, responsible for the weight loss effects. Unfortunately, most of the chlorogenic acid is degraded when coffee when it is roasted. Some human studies suggest that it can reduce the absorption of carbohydrates from the digestive tract, which lowers blood sugar and insulin spikes. Other studies (in mice and rats) have shown that chlorogenic acid can reduce body weight, reduce fat absorbed from the diet, reduce fat stored in the liver and improve the function of the fat burning hormone adiponectin. In the present poster, various researches on current and past studies as well as possible opportunities in area of antiobesity are picturized. Keywords: Green coffee, obesity, adiponectin.

A BRIEF REVIEW ON SCOPE OF PHARMACIST IN HEALTH CARE Singh Sneha*, Baranwal Shailja*, Ummul Wara*, Tiwari Ankur*, Singh B. P1* Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences , Lucknow.

ABSTRACT Pharmacist plays a vital role in the health care system through the medicine and information they provide. Pharmacy profession entered in India almost simultaneously with US but the growth in India remained very slow. For almost half a century not much progress was noticed until B.Pharm course was started in 1937.Pharmacist is an integral part of health care team without pharmacist no others members like doctors , nurses, can perform well but in India pharmacist are not given proper respect , recognisation ,only pharmacy book says what they are and what‘s its scope in health care field, but in real it‘s different .Pharmaceutical science is a professional subject like medicine, engineering and architecture, apart from other basic subjects like agriculture, veterinary, engineering and medicine are included in the curriculum of civil services examination but pharmaceutical science is not included. It is infact, a kind of discrimination towards this noble profession and the subject by the government of India. In foreign countries the responsibilities of pharmacist includes a range of care for patient from dispensing medication, to monitoring patient health and progress to maximize their response to the medication. In this survey the pharmacist was not taken care of patient and they will not give proper guidelines to the patient. As per the rule and guidelines given by the FDA & IPC was not followed by the pharmacist. So to overcome this problem pharmacist must be given proper attention, respect, recognisation for the welfare of nation.

GUAR GUM MICROSPHERES FOR COLONIC DELIVERY OF ATORVASTATIN CALCIUM Soni Vinay Kumar*, Chaudhri Sanjiv K., Saraf Shailendra K Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Lucknow- 226028, U.P., India.. Corresponding E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of gastrointestinal tract. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the principal types of inflammatory bowel diseases. The problem associated with the conventional oral dosage forms in treatment of IBD is the poor bioavailability of a drug due to degradation in upper gastro intestinal tract. Thus, to prevent drug degradation and to achieve effective colon delivery of drug, atorvastatin loaded guar gum microspheres were prepared. The preformulation studies were performed to investigate physico-chemical properties of atorvastatin calcium. The emulsion cross-linking method was used for the preparation of atorvastatin loaded guar gum microspheres. Different batches of microspheres were prepared for selection of optimized batch using 32 full factorial design. The prepared microspheres were evaluated for the particle size, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, drug loading and in-vitro release. Scanning electron microscopy was performed for surface characterization and the captured images conformed the spherical shape of the microspheres. In-vitro drug release study was performed up to 24 hours at 37 º C ± 0.5 º C, at different gastrointestinal pH. The maximum release of drug from microspheres was found in simulated colonic fluid, indicating suitability of guar gum microspheres for colonic delivery of atorvastatin. Thus, colon targeted drug delivery using guar gum microspheres is a promising approach to deliver drug at the desired site, with controlled rate, for effective treatment of diseases.

Keywords: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), guar gum microspheres, atorvastatin calcium.

COMMUNITY HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY: PROMOTING ANALYSIS AND ACTION FOR SOCIAL CHANGE Gupta Nidhi1*,Kumari Shweta2, Singh B.P1. Goel institute of pharmacy & sciences, Lucknow, U.P, India. e-mail:- [email protected]

ABSTRACT Community health psychology is concerned with the theory and method of working with communities to combat disease and to promote health. There is a need to widen the practice of health psychologists to include the theories and methods of community psychology and an awareness of contemporary issues in community health. The aim of such a community health psychology would be both to deepen our understanding of the etiology of health and illness in society and to development in addition to ensuring an accurate supply of appropriate products, their professional activities also cover counseling of patients at the time of dispensing of prescription and non-prescription drugs, drug information to health professionals, patients and the general public, and participation in healthpromotion programmes. The pharmacist can take part in health promotion campaigns, locally and nationally, on a wide range of health-related topics, and particularly on drug-related topics (e.g., rational use of drugs, alcohol abuse, tobacco use, discouragement of drug use during pregnancy, organic solvent abuse, poison prevention) or topics concerned with other health problems (diarrhoeal diseases, tuberculosis, leprosy, HIV-infection/AIDS) and family planning. They may also take part in the education of local community groups in health promotion, and in campaigns on disease prevention, such as the Expanded Programme on Immunization, and malaria and blindness programmes. Keywords: Community psychology, Health psychology Immunization, community

health.

HOSPITAL PHARMACY Singh Ankit*, I.C. Giri, Srivastva Shobhit Prakash Dr.M. C. Sxaena College of Pharmacy, Lucknow.

ABSTRACT These are all welded together in the common purpose of restoration and maintenance of good health Hospital Pharmacy The department or service in a hospital which is under the direction of a professionally competent, legally qualified pharmacist, and from which all medications are supplied to the nursing units and other services, where special prescriptions are filled for patients in the hospital, where prescriptions are filled for ambulatory patients and out-patients, where pharmaceuticals are manufactured in bulk, where narcotic and other prescribed drugs are dispensed, where injectable preparations should be prepared and sterilized, and where professional supplies are often stocked and dispensed. The computerization of the pharmacy department makes it possible for the staff to participate in patient education programs, poison control center activities, preparation of patient drug use profiles, parenteral nutrition program participation, cooperating in the teaching and research programs of the hospital, communicating new product information to nursing service and other hospital personnel and dispensing radiopharmaceuticals. Hospital Pharmacy GOALS FOR HOSPITAL PHARMACY Just as any organization must have long-range goals toward which its daily activities are directed, so must a profession, its members, and their representative societies. To provide the benefits of a qualified hospital pharmacist to patients and health care institutions, to the allied health professions, and to the profession of pharmacy. To assist in providing an adequate supply of such qualified hospital pharmacists. The assure a high quality of professional practice through the establishment and maintenance of standards of professional ethics, education, and attainments and through the promotion of economic welfare. Keywords: Hospital Pharmacy, GOALS, pharmacist.

ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS Shukla Amar1, Tripathi N.N2, Singh Arpita1* 1

Goel Institute of Pharmacy &Sciences, Near Indira Canal, Faizabad Road, Lucknow (U.P)226028. 2 Balrampur Hospital, Barudkhana, Lal Masjid, Golaganj, Lucknow (U.P)- 226018. [email protected]

ABSTRACT Ankylosing spondylitis(AS) is the most frequent and severe subtype of spondyloarthritis, an outcome of any of the other spondyloarthritis subtype. It primarily affects the axial joints mostly the sacroiliac joints. Other sites of involvement include the spine, peripheral joints and enthuses (capsules, ligament and tendons). Inflammatory enthesopathy progressing to ossification and ankylosis is the pathologic basis for the disease. Extra –articular manifestation vary widely in terms of both frequency and severity. The most common extraarticular manifestations are represented by uveitis, bowel disease, heart, lung, skin, bone and kidney involvement. This review focuses on prevalence and clinical characteristics of the most common extra-articular manifestations in AS and discusses the diagnosis and therapeutic difficulties faced by rheumatologists while dealing with such manifestations. The advantages of treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on continuous use is envisaged should be weighted against possible gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disorders. In the presence of history of gastrointestinal complaints or high cardiovascular risk, NSAIDs should be used with caution. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibition has demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of AS symptoms and all currently available anti-TNF agents appear to have similar efficacy. However, the efficacy of anti-TNF agents varies in the presence of extra articular manifestations. Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) such as methotrexate can be used when NSAIDs alone are not enough to reduce the inflammation, stiffness & pain. More than 1 million cases per year in India are reported. Keywords: Ankylosing Spondylitis, Extra-Articular Manifestations, Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs, Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

PHARMACOVIGILANCE GUIDELINES *Srivastva Shobhit Prakash, I.C.Giri, Singh Ankit Dr.M.C. Saxena college of Pharmacy, Lucknow.

ABSTRACT Pharmacovigilance is defined as the science and activities concerned with the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse reactions to medicines (i.e. adverse drug reactions or ADRs). The ultimate goal of this activity is to improve the safe and rational use of medicines, thereby improving patient care and public health. The {Drug Regulatory Authority} defines an Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) or adverse reaction as a response to a medicine used in humans or animals, which is noxious and unintended, including lack of efficacy, and which occurs at any dosage and can also result from overdose, misuse or abuse of a medicine. When a medicine is released onto the market there is still a great deal that is unknown about the safety of the product. Once marketed the medicines are used by patients who have many different diseases, who are using several other drugs and who have different traditions and diets which may affect the way in which they react to a medicine. The adverse drug reactions and poisonings associated with traditional and herbal remedies also need to be monitored in each country. In order to prevent unnecessary suffering by patients and to decrease the financial loss sustained by the patient due to the inappropriate or unsafe use of medicines, it is essential that a monitoring system for the safety of medicines in {Country}is supported by doctors, pharmacists, nurses and other health professionals in the country. The {Drug Regulatory Authority} and the Department of Health‘s Essential Drug Programmed are committed to improving drug safety through adverse drug reaction monitoring in {Country}. Keywords: Pharmacovigilance, Adverse Drug Reactions, Drug Regulatory Authority.

PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF ALLAMANDA CATHARTICA FOR IN- VIVO NOOTROPIC ACTIVITY AND IN-VITRO ANTICHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY Prajapati Priyanka, Kaur Awaneet, Mishra Vishwambhar, Saraf Shailendra K. Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Lucknow226028, U. P., India.

ABSTRACT Allamanda cathartica, commonly known as Yellow Bell or Golden Trumpet, Family- Apocynaceae, has been used in various pharmacological folkloric uses to treat a wide range of ailments. In this study, memory enhancing activity of aqueous extract of Allamanda cathartica was evaluated using scopolamine induced amnesia in rats, and in-vitro anticholinesterase activity was performed using chicken ileum. The aqueous extract of Allamanda cathartica, at the doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, was evaluated for in-vivo nootropic activity with the help of Morris Water Maze (MWM) and Y- Maze models using rats. The anticholinesterase activity was determined by Ellman‘s assay, using acetylcholine as the substrate. The aqueous extract of plant was found to be effective and significant, in both in-vivo nootropic activity and in- vitro anticholinesterase activity, at both the doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) and the dose 400 mg/kg was more potent than the dose 200 mg/kg. These results suggested that the doses (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) of aqueous extract of Allamanda cathartica enhanced the memory due to facilitation of cholinergic-transmission. Thus, on the basis of the results obtained in the study, it may be concluded that the aqueous extract of Allamanda cathartica exhibits convincing memory enhancing effect and it would be worthwhile to explore the potential of this plant in the management of impaired learning and memory.

Keywords: Allamanda cathartica, anticholinesterase, Yellow Bell, Golden Trumpet.

ANTIPSYCHOTIC ACTIVITY OF HERBAL EXTRACTS OF EMBELICA OFFICINALIS IN AMPHETAMINE INDUCED HYPERACTIVITY MICE MODEL Srivastava Amit kishor Goel Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lucknow.

ABSTRACT Embelica officinalis is reported to have CNS active Principle and is used for the treatment of various neurological disorders. Hence the effect of herbal extracts of Embelica officinalis was investigated for its putative antipsychotic activity using amphetamine challenged mice model. haloperidol (1 mg/kg i.p.) was administered acutely to mice as standard drug. Control animals received vehicle (10%DMSO). The in vivo receptor binding studies were carried out to correlate the antipsychotic activity of the extracts with its capacity to bind to the DAD2 receptor. The result in SLA showed that the herbal extracts of Embelica Officinalis at a dose of 25 mg/kg showed no significant antipsychotic activity in amphetamine induced hyperactivity mice when compared to standard. The plant extracts increased the DAD2 receptor binding in a dose dependent Manner in mice compared to the control group. Keywords: Embelica officinalis, amphetamine, locomotar activity.

HOSPITAL AND CLINICAL PHARMACIST – PRESENT AND FUTURE ROLES Singh Ankit*, I.C. Giri, Tripathi Ankur, Asad Mohd Dr.M. C. Sxaena College of Pharmacy, Lucknow.

ABSTRACT Hospital pharmacy is the health care service, which comprises the art, practice, and profession of choosing, preparing, storing, compounding, and dispensing medicines and medical devices, advising healthcare professionals and patients on their safe, effective and efficient use. Hospital pharmacy is a specialised field of pharmacy which forms an integrated part of patient health care in a health facility. Hospital pharmacy is the profession that strives to continuously maintain and improve the medication management and pharmaceutical care of patients to the highest standards in a hospital setting. Hospital pharmacists provide services to patients and health care professionals in hospitals. The missions of the hospital pharmacist

to be part of the medication management in hospitals, which

encompasses the entire way in which medicines are selected, procured, delivered, prescribed, administered and reviewed to optimise the contribution that medicines make to producing informed and desired outcomes to enhance the safety and quality of all medicine related processes affecting patients of the hospital to ensure the 7 ―rights‖ are respected: right patient, right dose, right route, right time, right drug with the right information and documentation. Clinical Pharmacy is a health specialty, which describes the activities and services of the clinical pharmacist to develop and promote the rational and appropriate use of medicinal products and devices. Clinical Pharmacy includes all the services performed by pharmacists practising in hospitals, community pharmacies, nursing homes, home-based care services, clinics and any other setting where medicines are prescribed and used. The term ―clinical‖ does not necessarily imply an activity implemented in a hospital setting. A community pharmacist may perform clinical activities as well as a hospital practitioner.

Keywords: Hospital pharmacy, medication, pharmacists practicing.

THE STUDY OF YOGA AND NATUROPATHY Mishra Ashutosh1*, Dwivedi Pankaj1, Patel Akash1, GuptaPrasant2, Goel Institute of Pharmacy &Sciences, Near Indira Canal, Faizabad Road, Lucknow (U.P)-226028. E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The study was designed to investigate the effects of yoga practices and naturopathy treatments on selected blood sugar & blood pressure variables of diabetic patients. For this 45 diabetic patients were selected randomly from Annai Sakunthala Nature Cure Hospital & Yoga Centre, Karaikudi. Their age ranged from 35 to 55 years. The treatment was given during the working days (except Saturdays and Sundays). The experimental group 1 underwent naturopathy treatment, experimental group 2 underwent yogic practices and control group was not given any specific training. The following criterion variables were chosen namely, blood sugar, blood pressure and were assessed before and after the training period of 12 weeks. The analysis of co-variance and Scheffes Post_Hoc test were used to test the adjusted posttest mean difference among the experimental groups. The study revealed that the selected blood sugar and blood pressure were significantly reduced due to the influence of yogic practices and naturopathy treatments in diabetic patients. Types of Mud and chemical composition, various types of Mud, Natural Mud baths, Mud packs, Dry bath, Sand bath. Keywords: Yogic Practices, Naturopathy Treatments, Blood Sugar, Blood Pressure.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRANSFEROSOMES AND ETHOSOMES FOR TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY OF SERTRALINE AS ANTIDEPRESSANT Krishna Mishra*, Vaibhav Kr, Upadhyay Savita, Saraf Shailendra K. Babu Banarasi Das Northern India Institute of Technology, Lucknow (U.P.) 226028. E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to improve the transdermal permeation of sertraline, a poorly water-soluble drug, employing conventional ethosomes and transfersomes. The prepared formulations were characterized for the loaded drug amount and vesicle size. The cumulative amount of drug permeated after 24 h, flux, and permeability coefficient were assessed. Stability studies were performed for three months. The size of vesicles ranged from 100 to 375 nm, and the encapsulation efficiency of the sertraline obtained was between 77.104% and 94.26%. The prepared vesicular systems were incorporated into 1% Carbopol 914 gel, and a survey of in-vitro drug release and drug retention into dialysis membrane 10000 (molecular weight) was done on them using a modified Keshary- Chein cell. The ethosomes provided a significantly higher amount of cumulative permeation, steady state flux, permeability coefficient, and residual drug into skin compared to the conventional transferosomes and conventional gel. The in-vitro release data of all vesicular systems were well fit into Hix Crow Model. Vesicle shape was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy.

Ethosomes enhanced skin

delivery of sertraline because of the excellent release and permeation of the drug. Also, no skin irritation was observed when the gel the formulation was applied. These studies have shown promising feasibility of delivering sertraline through an ethosomal transdermal gel. Stability tests indicated that the vesicular formulations were stable over three months. Results revealed that both ethosome and transferosome formulations could act as drug reservoirs in skin and extend the pharmacological effects of Sertraline. Keywords: Transdermal permeation, Sertraline, Ethosomes.

LIPOSOMAL GEL OF MICONAZOLE: CHARACTERIZATION AND STABILITY STUDY Singh Amit R.V. Northland Institute of Pharmacy Dadri, Greator Noida phase, Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India-203207. Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The aim our study was to develop a liposomal carrier system for the local treatment of fungal vaginosis capable to efficiently deliver entrapped drug during an extended period of time. Miconazole was entrapped in liposomes composed of soybean phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesterol in ratio (7:3, w/w) and prepared by proliposomes method. Liposomes preparation were characterized for particle size, polydispersity, entrapment efficiency and tested for in vitro release and stability, in media that simulate human vaginal conditions (buffer pH 4.5 and vaginal fluid simulant). To achieve application viscosity of liposomes and to further improve their stability, liposomes prepared by the proliposomes method were incorporated in the bioadhesive gel made of carbopol-974PNF. In vitro release studies of liposomes incorporated in the gel have shown a prolonged release of entrapped miconazole compared to control gel. Even after 24 hours of incubation in the vaginal fluid simulant, more than 45% of the originally entrapped drug was still retained in the gel. Storage stability studies have proven the ability of the carbopol-974PNF gel to preserve the original size distribution of incorporated liposomes. All the performed experiments confirm the applicability of liposomes as a novel drug carrier system for the local treatment of fungal vaginosis. Keywords: Miconazole, carbopol-974PNF, in vitro release.

LOCAL MARKET SURVEY FOR ANTIFUNGAL DRUG Yadav P. Ajay*, Kumar Deepchand, Yadav p. Abhay, yadav bhavana R.K.Pharmacy Collage Azamgarh (U.P)

ABSTRACT Fungal infection can occurs on the superficial and deep skin, mucous membranes, subcutaneous tissues or deep seated organs. Fungal infection are also called mycoses .There are three types of mycoses; Superficial mycoses, Subcutaneous mycoses, Systemic mycoses. Some antifungal drugs can bind with the ergosterol of cell membrane of fungus (but not with the cholesterol of human cell) and damage the fungal cell membrane.

Drugs for antifungal are

Amphotericin B, 5- Flurocytosine, Ketoconazole, Clotrimazole, Terbinafine. This report is an invaluable tool for planners, acquisitions specialists, licensing strategists, product managers, market research analysts, investor consultants, and anyone interested in the current and emerging antifungals market, its products, its industry participants, and its future. The antifungal drugs market is considered to be a very popular over-the-counter drug segment particularly for dermal infections. The global antifungal drugs market can be segmented on the basis of type of treatment, application and therapeutic indications. Depending on the line of treatment, antifungal agents are divided into azoles, echinocandins, and ployenes. Antifungal drugs are available in various drug formations such as cream, tablet, suppository, capsule, and powders. Our survey reveals that fluconazole, and clotrimazole are widely used as compare to itraconazole and other anti-fungal drug and in case of dosage form cream are widely used than tablet, capsule and powder in our area. the Glen mark products marketed more as compare to other companies due to availability and economic level. This report provides an analysis of the prescription market for systemic and topical antifungals, as well as the OTC market for topical antifungal agents. Keywords: OTC, Anti-fungal, Topical.

PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF FLAX SEEDS: A REVIEW Kumar Akash*, Yadav K. Pawan, Yadav P. Abhay, Yadav Bhavana R. K. Pharmacy College, Azamgarh.

ABSTRACT Linum usitatissimum, commonly known as flaxseed or linseed belongs to the family Linaceae. It is native to West Asia and the Mediterranean. Flax is a small, herbaceous, annual plant, growing to 1, 2 meters tall. It has erect, smooth stem and glaucous green, linear leaves. Flowers are small, five-petalled, pale blue or bright red in color. Fruits are round, dry capsules filled with brown seeds. Flaxseed has been playing a major role in the field of disease research due to its chemical constituent like - Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), unsaturated fatty acids (linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid). Flaxseed is also an good source of protein and dietary fibre, accounting for 20% and 28% of the flax seed. Brown and yellow varieties of flax are virtually identical in their nutrient content but Protein, Saturated fatty acid, Monounsaturated fatty acid & Linoleic acid are more in Yellow flax as compare to Brown flax while Oil/fat & Alpha-linolenic acid are more in brown flax as compare to yellow flax. The nutritional differences between them are small and likely result from differences in growing conditions. It is used as antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, antilipimic effect, antineoplastic, hormonal effect, anticoagulant & antipletlet effect due to presence of alphalinolenic acid (ALA), cyanogenic glycosides (linamarin, linustatin, neolinustin), unsaturated fattyacids (linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid), soluble flaxseed fiber mucilage (d-Xylose, L-Galactose, L-Rhamnose,d-galacturonic acid), lignans (secoisolariciresinol diglycoside (SDG)), monoglycerides,triglycerides, free sterols, sterol esters, hydrocarbons (protein), balast, phenylpropane derivatives. Finally it is concluded that Flaxseed is extremely health valuable plant. Keywords: Linum usitatissimum, Alpha-linolenic acid, Cyanogenic glycosides.

A REVIEW ON ANTI-PYRETIC HERBAL PLANTS Yadav Arati *, Gupta Juhi, Yadav Archana, Yadav Bhavana, Roshan Asha, R.K.Pharmacy Collage Azamgarh (U.P.).

ABSTRACT The role of traditional medicines in the remedy of health problems is invaluable on a global level. A large number of antipyretic plants such as Tulsi, Neem, Dhaniya, Amla, Apamarg, Brahmi etc. are used traditionally to cure pyrexia in India and other parts of the world. The practice continues today because of biomedical benefits for herbal products rising worldwide. Elevations in body temperature occurs when concentration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) increase within certain areas of the brain and is commonly suppressed with antipyretic medication such as aspirin. Antipyretic acts by inhibiting the enzyme cyclooxygenase and reducing the levels of PGE2 in the hypothalamus. In this review we have enlisted around 50 medicinal plants which are used as an antipyretic agent which can be one of the good alternatives for the traditional allopathic antipyretic agents. A number of plant extract have rosmarinic acid that inhibit leukotriene and prostaglandins synthesis. COX-1 and COX-2 were inhibited by cirsilineol, cirsimaritin,aligning,rosmarinic acid and eugenol of similar to ibuprofen, naproxen and aspirin. The medicinal plants with folklore uses, having antipyretics or any other pharmacological activity should be subjected to clinical investigation. Proper regulatory mechanism is recommended to ensure safety and efficacy of herbal products. Keywords: Herbal drugs, COX, PGE2.

A MARKET SURVEY OF NON STEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN LOCAL AREA Chauhan Kr. Santosh*,Yadav Gopal, Yadav Kamlesh, Yadav Bhavana R.K.Pharmacy Collage Azamgarh(U.P).

ABSTRACT Analgesic-antipyretics are drugs which produce relief of pain and lowering of body temperature. These drugs relieve pain of lesser intensity like tooth-ache and muscle pain but visceral pain relieved by opioid analgesics. The NSAIDs are COX inhibitors and they inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2. Most widely used NSAIDs are Asprin, Paracetamol, Ibuprofen, Nimesulide, Celecoxib, Diclofenac etc. The NSAIDs drugs market is considered to be a very popular over-thecounter drug. This report provides an analysis of the prescription and OTC market for systemic and topical NSAIDs. This report is a precious tool for planners, specialists, licensing strategists, product managers, market research analysts, investor consultants and anyone interested in the current and emerging NSAIDs market. This report focuses on marketed NSAIDs with their mechanism of action. NSAIDs drugs are used to eliminate temperature, inflammation and pain with minimal side effects to the body. The global NSAIDs drugs market can be segmented on the basis of type of treatment, application and therapeutic indications. There are different dosage forms are available in our local market like tablets,syrup,injection, and gel. Our survey reveals that

paracetamol

and

nimuslide are widely used as compare to diclofinac and other NSAIDs drug and in case of dosage form tablet are widely used than syrups, gel and injection in our area the Glaxo smith kline (gsk) products are most marketed as compared to other companies due to availability and economic level. This report provides an analysis of the prescription market for systemic NSAIDs as well as the OTC market for NSAIDs drugs. Keywords: NSAIDs, OTC, COX inhibitors.

THE FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: A NOVEL APPROACH VIA GASTRIC RETENTION Kumar Utpal*, Maurya K. Virendra R.K Pharmacy College, Azamgarh.

ABSTRACT Floating drug delivery system (FDDS) is an approach to design single and multiple unit floating system which affect physiological and formulation variables. The drugs which can be retained in stomach are called gastro retentive drug (GRD). Gastro retentive drug delivery system can improve controlled delivery of the drug that have an absorption window by continually releasing the drug for a prolonged period of the time thus ensuring its optimal bioavailability. The absorption is taken place in upper left part of stomach .The FDD tablet have bulk density less than gastric fluid, so the tablet remain buoyant in the stomach without affecting the gastric emptying rate for a pronged period of time and the drug is slowly released at a desired rate. The residual system is emptied from the stomach by which gastro retention time increases and a better control of fluctuations in plasma drug concentration these maximizes their absorption and improve their absolute bioavailability. FDDS used for gastric and duodenal cancer treatment, particularly for acid soluble drugs. In the evaluation of floating drug delivery system the several in-vitro parameters may perform like hardness, friability, weight variation, floating time, dissolution, disintegration etc. Finally it is concluded that FDDS is a superior method as compared to other conventional systems. Keywords: Floating drug delivery system (FDDS), Gastro retentive.

MULTI BENEFICIAL AYURVEDIC PLANT: PICRORHIZA KURROA (KUTKI) Jayswal Ashutosh*, Yadav Jay Prakash, Kumar Ajay, Yadav Harikesh, Kumar Pankaj R.K.Pharmacy College, Azamgarh.

ABSTRACT The current aim of our study is to explore antioxidant activity of Picrorhiza kurroa leaves. P. kurroa leaves is well known herb in Ayurvedic field and it shows anti inflammatory immunomodulator and hepatoprotective activities also. The compounds extracted from the leave with the help of butanol and ethyl acetate showed better antioxidant activity as compared to ethanol extract. Picrorhiza kurroa (kutki) belongs to the family scrophulariaceae. It is found in Himalaya region from Kashmir to Sikkim it is even found in Nepal. Leaves are 5-15 cm long, flowers are 8 mm long, fruits are 1.3cm long and rhizomes are 15-25 cm long. Its colour is purplish blue and taste is bitter and pungent. It plays a major role in the field of medicine research due to kitin, Picrorrhizin cucurbitacin , benetic acid, vannilac acid , kutkisterol, Apocynine and D mannitol. It is used as antioxidant, for liver health, for elevated blood sugar, for clear skin,for parasites, antibiotics and anti parasitical to treat fever. Due to the intense bitterness and powerful healing properties of Kutki, it has been used in many traditional Ayurvedic formulations such as Tikta Ghrita (Bitter Ghee).

Keywords: Picrorhiza kurroa, leaves, antioxidant activity.

A PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF ANTIBIOTICS IN OUR AREA Kumar Manoj*, Kushwaha S Ram, Yadav Bhavana R.K. Pharmacy College Azamgarh

ABSTRACT Antibiotics used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infection by either killing or inhibit the growth of bacteria. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses such as the common cold or influenza. In 1928 penicillin is identified as the first chemical compound having antibiotics properties. There are different route of administration for antibiotics like capsules, tablets, syrups, intravenous and intramuscular injection. The most commonly used antibiotics are penicillin (phenoxy methyl penicillin, amoxicillin ), cephalosporin (cefixime, cefadroxil ), quinolin (ciprofloxacin, norflaxacin ), tetracycllin (tetracycllin, doxycycllin). The antibiotics have many side effects such as the diarrhea, vaginal itching, vomiting, and swelling in the lips, face and tongue. On the basis of marketing decreasing order of Antibiotics are: Ofloxacine, Cefexime, levofloxacine, Ceftriaxon and Norfloxacine. The marketing of FDC is much more than mankind, Aristo and Lupin due to availability and cost effective. Keywords: Anti-biotics, FDC, Penicillin, lupin.

IMPORTANCE OF CLINICAL TRAILS IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT Pandey Shubham, Nayak Abhishek Kumar, Raj Sristi, Kapoor Kashish, Deep Prakash Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow.

ABSTRACT Clinical trials are the gold standard for understanding the effect and effectiveness of medical interventions understanding what works and what does not work. Clinical

trials

are

research

studies

that

explore

whether

a

medical

strategy, treatment, or device is safe and effective for humans. These studies also may show which medical approaches work best for certain illnesses or groups of people. Clinical trials produce the best data available for health care decision making the purpose of clinical trials is research, so the studies follow strict scientific standards. These standards protect patients and help produce reliable study results. Clinical trials are one of the final stages of a long and careful research process. The process often begins in a laboratory, where scientists first develop and test new ideas. The result from clinical trials helps to fulfill society‘s responsibility to those individual who volunteered in these studies with an understanding that their participation will contribute in advancing medical knowledge. In clinical trials, there are four phases. This study provides an overview of the clinical trials, its phase and designing, regulatory bodies, status of clinical trials in India, job opportunities, observations and results. Keywords: Clinical trials, health care, volunteered.

PHARMACEUTICAL CARE: NEEDS AND CHALLENGES Yadav Rohit*, Gupta Rishabh, Gupta Vishal, Kumari Anjali, Srivastava Vivek Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow.

ABSTRACT Pharmaceutical care is the direct, responsible provision of medication-related care for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve patient‘s quality of life. It involves not only medication therapy but also decisions about medication use for individual patients like selection of dosage form, routes and method of administration, medication therapy monitoring and provision of medication related information and counselling to individual patients. For achieving better outcomes in pharmaceutical care; identification of potential and medication related problems, resolving actual medication problems and prevention of potential medication related problems is very much necessary. Patient should be involved in an informed way in establishing the quality of life goals for their therapies. The patient should grant authority to the provider and the provider gives competence and commitment to the patient. Responsibility involves both moral trust worthiness and accountability. The provision of pharmaceutical care is not limited to pharmacist in inpatient, outpatient or community settings nor to pharmacist with certain degrees, residencies or other credentials, it is a matter of direct personal professional, responsible relationship with a patient to ensure that patient‘s use of medication is optimal and leads to improvement to patient‘s quality of life. Use of polypharmacy must be avoided to minimize cost and enhance compliance. Always treat disease not just only symptoms and try to treat disease with non drug alternatives like physical therapy, counselling and relaxation techniques.

Keywords: Pharmaceutical care, polypharmacy, counselling.

DENGUE: A RECENT PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY Deep Prakash*, Srivastava Vivek Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Lucknow.

ABSTRACT Dengue is a vector borne disease which is caused by Dengue Virus (DENV) i.e. a mosquito-borne flavivirus. It is distributed in most tropical and subtropical areas, where Aedes aegypti and/or Aedes albopictus are abundant. DENV is a single stranded RNA positive-strand virus of the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. There are four antigenically different serotypes of the virus (although there is report of 2013 that a fifth serotype has been found): DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV3, DENV-4. Infection with DENV can cause The virus uncoats intracellularly via a specific process. In the infectious form of the virus, the envelope protein lays flat on the surface of the virus, forming a smooth coat with icosahedral symmetry. However, when the virus is carried into the cell and into lysozomes, the acidic environment causes the protein to snap into a different shape, assembling into trimeric spike. Several hydrophobic amino acids at the tip of this spike insert into the lysozomal membrane and cause the virus membrane to fuse with lysozome. This releases the RNA into the cell and infection starts. Yet there is no vaccines to prevent infection with Dengue virus and the most effective protective measures are those that avoid mosquito bites. When infected, early recognition and prompt supportive treatment can substantially lower the risk of medical complications and death. Some studies have reported that use of some natural drugs is very effective in dengu like papaya (Carica papaya), giloy (Tinospora cordifolia), pomegranate (Punica granatum), aloe (Aloe barbadensis), wheat grass (Triticum aestivum), tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) etc. Keywords: Dengue, RNA, DENV.

FOR ORAL PRESENTATION ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN PEPTIC ULCER Kulshreshtha Mayank*, Singh Majul Pratap School of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow.

ABSTRACT The pharmacist plays a important role in case of peptic ulcer. Perfect knowledge about peptic ulcer play a important part in our life so maintain hygiene, avoid alcohol, smoking and spicy foods an live healthy. Pharmacist can help for prevention of ulcer by patient counseling and giving some important advises to the community. Peptic ulcer disease includes both gastric and duodenal ulcers which posed a major threat to the world's population over the past two centuries with a high morbidity and mortality. The management of peptic ulcer disease and its complications remain a challenge. In addition, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), low-dose aspirin, smoking, excessive alcohol use, emotional stress and psychosocial factors are increasingly important causes of ulcers and their complications even in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) negative patients. Other rare causes of peptic ulcer disease in the absence of H. pylori, NSAIDs, and aspirin also exist. Approximately 500,000 persons develop peptic ulcer disease in the United States each year. In 70 percent of patients it occurs between the ages of 25 and 64 years. The annual direct and indirect health care costs of the disease are estimated at about 10 billion. However, the incidence of peptic ulcers is declining, possibly as a result of the increasing use of proton pump inhibitors and decreasing rates of infection. Key points: Peptic ulcer, H. pylori, Pharmacist.

THIAZOLIDIEDIONE AND ITS ANALOGUES AS INHIBITORS OF MAO-A & MAO-B Shukla Karuna*, Monika1,Pandey Shailendra2,Chawla Pooja3 1

School of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow. 2 Sarojani Naidu Medical College, Agra. 3 Gyani Inder Singh Institute of Professional Studies, Uttarakhand. E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT MAO-B is a mitochondrial protein located in the outer mitochondrial layer and catalyzes the metabolism of neurotransmitters such as dopamine. MAO-B has therefore been of interest in the development of therapeutic agents for the treatment of Parkinson‘s disease (PD). In Parkinson‘s disease there is loss of dopaminergic neurons of the stratum leading to the characteristic associated symptoms. Inhibition of MAO-Bleads to increased levels of dopamine and therefore provide symptomatic relief of these patients. Additional interest in MAO-B has been due to the promise of neuroprotection resulting from the inhibition of this enzyme.Considering the importance of MAO-B inhibition in neuroprotection against Parkinson‘s disease and Alzheimer‘s disease, the activity of several thiazolidine-2,4-dione analogues as MAO-B inhibitors as well as its isoform, MAO-A. The compounds showed some selectivity between the two isomers of MAO favoring MAO-B over MAO-A. Thiazolidine-2.4-dione and its analogues may be useful in developing potential therapies for diseases such as Parkinson‘s disease and Alzheimer‘s disease. Keywords: MAO, Parkinson‘s disease, thiazolidinedione.

THE REGULATORY AFFAIRS PROFESSION IN INDIA Giri Ishwar Chandra* Dr M C Saxena College of Pharmacy, Lucknow.

ABSTRACT Globally the pharmaceutical and medical device regulatory affairs profession has undergone tremendous change in past decade. The profession has gone from having a liasing and documenting function to a profession which has an important strategic and decision-making role within companies. In India, the drug industry has grown from API manufacturing through reverse engineering to pure research and development. Regulatory Authority of India issued guideline for Fixed Dose Combination, Implementation of Common Technical Dossier (CTD), Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI) as well as Pharmacovigilance cell. The goal of the regulatory affairs professional is protection of human health, ensuring safety, efficacy, and quality of drugs, ensuring appropriateness and accuracy of product information. Regulatory affairs professionals are the link between pharmaceutical industries and worldwide regulatory agencies. They are required to be well versed in the laws, regulations, guidelines and guidance of the regulatory agencies. There is a growing need to incorporate the current requirements of pharmaceutical industries in the standard curriculum of pharmacy colleges to prepare the students with the latest developments to serve the industries Under Drug Regulatory Affairs section, we have studied the link of Global, Regional as well as National Regulatory Network. We have learnt that Regulatory Affairs professionals are very critical and important for the national and international business of pharmaceutical industry. Regulatory network in pharmaceutical industry indicates that communication and advice to various departments in industry is very essential. He /she play an active role in defining guidelines nationally and internationally. Keywords: Common Technical Dossier (CTD), Pharmacovigilance, Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI).

ANTIBIOTIC DE-ESCALATION IN THE INTENSIVE THERAPY Singh Pradeep*, Mishra Prayag, Singh Shalini, Kumar Pragyesh Institute.of Pharmaceutical sciences& Research (IPSR) Sohramau Unnao, -209859.

ABSTRACT An antibiotic may be defined as a substance or compound that kills or inhibits the growth of, bacteria. Antibiotics belong to the broader group of antimicrobial compounds, used to treat infections caused by microorganisms, including fungi and protozoa, viruses. Antibiotic de-escalation is a mechanism whereby the provision of effective initial antibiotic treatment is achieved while avoiding unnecessary antibiotic use that would promote the development of resistance. The embodiment of de-escalation is that based on microbiology results around the day 3 therapy point; the empiric antibiotic(s) that were started are stopped or reduced in number and/or narrowed in spectrum. Keywords: ITU (Intensive Therapy Unit), MDR – (Multi Drug Resistant), Antibiotics, (Procalcitonin).

MRSA

("methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus

aureus) PCT:

ORGANIC FARMING, A CHANGE NEEDED FOR BETTER HUMAN HEALTH Kasera Saurabh*, Saravanan S., Singh Sandeep Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, (Deemed to – be – University), Allahabad-211007, (U.P.) India

ABSTRACT Organic farming is expanding their importance globally by making healthy food, healthy soils, healthy plants and healthy environments a priority along with crop productivity. Organic farming is an agricultural system of crop production that gives priority to human health with increased productivity. It is a method of growing food without the use of toxic substances which means organically. The use of chemicals in agriculture has been linked to several diseases (like cancer) in many parts of the body including the brain and central nervous system, pancreas, kidneys and stomach etc. Organic farmers use biological fertilizer inputs and management practices such as cover cropping and crop rotation to improve soil quality and build soil organic matter. Organic farming practices maintain water quality, support biodiversity, and have potential to mitigate global climate change while supporting an economic bright spot. The benefits of organic farming are widespread and important to multiple sectors of society. Organic products are important in protecting and enhancing the health of a family and their children. Young bodies in particular are more susceptible to the impacts of pesticides, fungicides and other synthetic chemicals used in non- organically grown fruits and vegetables. Eating a healthy diet rich in vitamins, minerals and antioxidants is a solid investment in preventative care. Preventing disease is much costlier than treating disease. Organic foods can play an important role in keeping people healthy. Keywords: Organic farming, biological fertilizers, toxic substances.

CLINICAL PHARMACY AND ROLE IN RATIONAL USE OF MEDICINES Fatima Tatheer, Yadav Meena, Hussain Zeashan Department of Pharmacology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Pharmacy, Lucknow

ABSTRACT WHO estimates that medicines are prescribed dispensed or sold inappropriately and that half of all patients fail to take them correctly, which causes irrational used and effect of drugs.Irrational use of medicines like antibiotics is a major problem and needs to be taken a serious note. The overuse, underuse or misuse of medicines result in wastage of scarce resource and widespread health hazards. Hence, as a pharmacist, we monitor adherence to this as ―gatekeeper‖ of the drugs, by asking to plan development in clinical pharmacy service to improve the prudent use & monitoring of medicines in their hospitals. Clinical pharmacy is a practice and/or a branch of pharmacy in which pharmacist provide patients medication and promote health, wellness and diseases prevention that overcome the irrational use of medicines and on the other hand, prudent medicines use also can be the best supported by a combination of educating the junior doctors about empirical treatment & maintaining a restricted list. Keywords: Pharmacist, Clinical pharmacy, rational, WHO, medicines.

ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN CLINICAL PHARMACY: AN OVERVIEW Srivastava Mansi*, Srivastava Shobhit Prakash, Giri I. C. Dr. M.C. Saxena College of Pharmacy, Lucknow (U.P.).

ABSTRACT Clinical Pharmacy is a health specialty, which describes the activities and services of the clinical pharmacist to develop and promote the rational and appropriate use of medicinal products and devices. Clinical Pharmacy includes all the services performed by pharmacists practising in hospitals,community pharmacies, nursing homes, home-based care services, clinics and any other setting where medicines are prescribed and used. The term ―clinical‖ does not necessarily imply an activity implemented in a hospital setting. A community pharmacist may perform clinical activities as well as a hospital practitioner.The goal of clinical pharmacy activities is to promote the correct and appropriate use of medicinal products and devices. Assuring safe, accurate, rational and cost-effective use of medications .To achieve desired therapeutic goals, the clinical pharmacist applies evidence-based therapeutic guidelines, evolving sciences, emerging technologies, and relevant legal, ethical, social, cultural, economic and professional principles. Assume responsibility and accountability for managing medication therapy in direct patient

care

settings,

whether

practicing

independently

or

in

consultation/collaboration with other health care professionals. Within the system of health care, clinical pharmacists are experts in the therapeutic use of medications. Keywords: Clinical Pharmacy, Community pharmacies, Hospital practitioner.

THE ROLE OF TRANSPORTERS IN NEPHROTOXICITY Kumar Sokindra*, Parihar Lalit, Saba Noorus, Gupta Ramji R V Northland Institute, Dadri, G B Nagar, UP-203207.

ABSTARCT A variety of pathogenic mechanisms play a role in drug-induced nephrotoxicity, including hemodynamic changes, glomerular disease, interstitial nephritis, direct cytotoxicity which may result in tubular cell death, and intratubular precipitation of drugs leading to obstructive nephropathy. High delivery of blood-borne substances, as well as concentration of xenobiotics entering the tubular lumen in the course of their tubular passage, in particular under conditions of dehydration, contribute to the particular vulnerability of the kidneys to injury by clinically relevant drugs, as well as environmental toxins. Organic anion transporters play an essential role in the distribution and excretion of numerous endogenous metabolic products and exogenous organic anions, including a host of widely prescribed drugs. The expression and activity of these transporters is influenced by several conditions, including transcriptional regulation, gender-dependent regulation, and genetic variation. Drug transporters in tubular cells are the first fundamental stage in the development of the nephrotoxic process. Several examples can be given of organic substances that are nephrotoxic only after being transported into the cells. Recent advances in molecular cloning have identified several families of multispecific drug transporters: organic anion and cation transporter (OAT/OCT) family, organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) family, type I sodium-phosphate transporters (NPTs) and ATP-dependent organic ion transporters such as MDR1/ P-glycoprotein ABCB and the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) family ABCC. Keywords: Nephrotoxicity, Intratubular, type I sodium-phosphate transporters (NPTs).

A FOCUS ON PHARMACOVIGILANCE WITH SPECIAL VIEWS ON PAIN MANAGEMENT NEED FOR PUBLIC HEALTH CARE Pandey Anurag*, Agrawal Vipin Kumar, Joshi Abhishek Raj Invertis Institute of Pharmacy, Invertis University, NH-24, Lucknow –Bareilly Highway, Bareilly, India, Pin- 243123.

ABSTRACT Pharmacovigilance (pv or phv), also known as drug safety is the pharmacological science relating to the collection, detection, assesment, monitoring and prevention of adverse effect with pharmaceutical products. It plays a key role in the health care system through the assesment, monitoring and discovery of intreaction amongst drug and their effect in human. For safety medication adr‘s monitoring required for each medicine throughout its life during development of drug such as pre-marketing including early stages of drug design, clinical trials & post marketing periods. Different person shows different response because of variation in human DNA. PV team obtain valuable information for making required scientific data fulfilled in the real report to make it more effective. It helps to improve the condition of public health care. Keywords: Pharmacovigilance, DNA, Pharmaceutical.

PHYTOTHERAPY: A NOVEL TREATMENT FOR DENGUE Varshney Yash*, Rahul, Kumar Yogesh, Khan Rahul R V Northland Institute, Dadri, Gautam Budh Nagar (UP).

ABSTRACT Dengue is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted by several species of mosquito within the genus Aedes, principally A. aegypti. The number of cases of dengue fever has increased dramatically since the 1960s, with between 50 and 528 million people infected yearly. Symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash that is similar to measles. Treatment of acute dengue is supportive, using either oral or intravenous rehydration for mild or moderate disease, and intravenous fluids and blood transfusion for more severe cases; needs a specialized technical person and it also caused thrombophlebitis. There is no specific antiviral medication currently available to treat dengue. The treatment of dengue fever is symptomatic and supportive

in

nature.

This

can

be

favor

by the

administration

of

phytopharmaceutical substances. It has been observed that the herbal plants like papaya, pomegranate, kiwi, coconut, neem, tulsi and giloy extensively reduce the symptoms of dengue and provide early recovery. In this literature we have discussed the phytopharmaceutical application of these herbal plants in the treatment of dengue. Keywords: Dengue, Phytopharmaceutical.

RBSK: A LEADING ROLE OF A PHARMACIST IN CHILDREN HEALTH SCREENING AND EARLY INTERVENTION SERVICES Mishra Sweta *,Pandey Sanjay, Aasim Mohd., Kumar Sanjay, Yogi Bhumika, Gupta Sujeet Kumar Hygia Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Lucknow‐206020 Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) is an important initiative aiming at early identification and early intervention for children from birth to 18 years to cover 4 ‗D‘s viz. Defects at birth, Deficiencies, Diseases, Development delays including disability. An estimated 27 crore children in the age group of zero to eighteen years are expected to be covered across the country in a phased expanding focus from child survival to a more comprehensive approach of child survival and development and improving the overall quality of life has been the guiding principle for the launch of a new initiative called the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram. Outreach screening will be done by dedicated Mobile Health teams for 6 weeks to 6 years at anganwadis centres and 6-18 years children at school. While facility based new born screening at public health facilities like PHCs / CHCs/ DH, will be by existing health manpower like Medical Officers and pharmacist the community level screening will be conducted by the Mobile health teams at Anganwadi Centres and Government and Government aided Schools. A RBSK pharmacist play a leading role in RBSK includes provision for Child Health Screening and Early Intervention Services through early detection and management of 4 Ds. The pharmacist‘s role is to make sure children understand and adhere to their medication regimen with respect to timing, dosage, and frequency during the prescribed length of time. Keywords: Pharmacist, Anganwadi, Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK).

SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF NOVEL IMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS POTENT ANTICONVULSANT AGENTS Mohammad Noor *, Tabassum Ruby, Srivastava Neha, Yogi Bhumika, Sinha Anshuman, Gupta Sujeet Kumar Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hygia Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Lucknow‐206020. Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT The significance of imidazole heterocyclic nucleus in new drug development is worth mentioning. The wide range of its application has drawn an immense attention to the researchers to synthesize various imidazole derivatives, which may possess various pharmacological efficacies. In view of these observations we synthesized a series of imidazole derivatives and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activity using maximal electroshock method (MES method). In this study various substituted amines and substituted benzaldehyde were react in the presence of glacial acetic acid to form Schiff base intermediate (1a-h). Further Schiff base reacts with benzil in the presence of ammonium acetate afforded final imidazole derivatives (2a-h). The structures of compounds were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and by elemental analysis. Among all synthesized compounds, compounds 2a, 2f, 2b were found to be most potent in comparison with standard phenytoin. Keywords: Imidazole, Anti-convulsant, Schiff base, Maximal electroshock method.

TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASES BY TARGETING CHOLINERGIC RECEPTORS Yadav Akash *, Tripathi Ashvani, Ujala Pawan Deep, Srivastava Arvind Kr United Institute of Pharmacy.

ABSTRACT Cholinergic or parasympathomimetic agents are drugs which stimulate the effector cells innervated by post ganglionic parasympathetic cholinergic nerves. In general, their actions are similar to those seen following the stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system.This study deals with biosynthesis of cholinergic neurotransmitters. Our target of study is alzheimers disease that is associated with brain shrinkage and localized loss of neurons, mainly in the hippocampus and basal forebrain. AD refers to dementia that does not have an antecedent cause , such as stroke, brain. In this special issue of Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, we focus on AD therapy. With the recent failures in clinical trials of new therapeutics for AD, it is easy to become disheartened. Challenges for successful approval of new therapies pose exceedingly high hurdles for drug developers. Issues such as the long duration of trials linked to the slow progression of the disease; need for safety in elderly population; lack of biomarkers that predict clinically meaningful change to enable decision making in advancing drug candidates forward; recognition that early intervention, even before onset of symptom, is required; insensitive outcome measures, patient heterogeneity and multiple confounding factors; and lack of disease-modifying therapies, all contribute to the landscape of barriers that further serve to disincentivize investments for the future. We have decided to focus on what we have learned from these trials, how we can improve our current use of therapy and what potential therapeutics look promising for the future. This issue also paves the way for groundbreaking strategies successfully employed in other complex diseases, including combination drug development. Keywords: Cholinergic drugs,Alzheimer's disease.

RECENT ADVANCES TO OVERCOME THE CHIKUNGUNIA THREATENING Kumar Mithilesh *, Singh,Virendra Vikram, Tiwari Kshitij, Pathak Ashutosh Kamla Nehru Institute of management & Technology. Email id: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Chikungunya is a viral disease which is transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes – including Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The virus remains in the human system for 5-7 days and mosquitoes feeding on an infected person during this period can also become infected. The Americas in 2015, 693 489 suspected cases and 37480 confirmed cases of chikungunya were reported to the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) regional office, of which Colombia bore the biggest burden with 356 079 suspected cases. Now a days it's threatenig effect is seen in India and several positive cases have been reported. Chikungunya shares some clinical signs with dengue and can be misdiagnosed in areas where dengue is common . Serological tests, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), may confirm the presence of IgM and IgG anti-chikungunya antibodies. The virus may be isolated from the blood during the first few days of infection. Various reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) methods are available but are of variable sensitivity. Treatment is directed primarily at relieving the symptoms, including the joint pain using anti-pyretics, optimal analgesics and fluids. or protection during outbreaks of chikungunya, clothing which minimizes skin exposure to the day-biting vectors is advised. Repellents should contain DEET (N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide), IR3535 (3[N-acetyl-N-butyl]-aminopropionic

acid

ethyl

ester)

or

icaridin

(1-

piperidinecarboxylic acid, 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-methylpropylester). Keywords: Chikungunya, IR3535, N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide, IgG antichikungunya antibodies, ELISA etc.

EFFECT OF LOSARTAN ON ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUG LEVETIRACETAM IN PTZ INDUCED KINDLING MODEL Mishra Ashutosh*, Yadav Amod Analytical Department, Mankind Research Centre, Gurgnao *E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Epilepsy is associated with increased in neuronal excitation in brain well as oxidative stress. Treatment with both levetiracetam and losorton decreased the seizure score and increased the latency as well as attenuated ROS generation. Thus, combination of these drugs ameliorated PTZ-induced kindling. Epilepsy is associated with seizure score and latency. Epileptic subject showed higher seizure score and lower latency period. Thus, results demonstrated that combination therapy of levetiracetam and losorton attenuates convulsion induced by PTZ. Various central nervous system disorders have been associated with the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, such as seizures (Hassan and Abdel-Aziz, 2010). ROS can damage essential cellular constituents such as lipids measured by identification of its products thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (Souza et al., 2009).We observed that PTZ-induced seizure increases the levels of TBARS indicating that oxidative stress occurs as a consequence of seizures, thereby contributing to seizure-induced brain damage, which goes fine with previous study (Celik and Suzek, 2009). Animals treated with both levetiracetam and losorton significantly prevented PTZ-induced elevations in lipid peroxidation. It is also known that convulsions followed by an increase in lipid peroxidation in brain tissue might be diminished by substances with antioxidant properties (Silva et al., 2009). Thus, our results suggest that, levetiracetam and losorton combination therapy have antiepileptic and antioxidant effects against PTZinduced lipid peroxidation in brain tissue. Furthermore, free radicals are normal products of cellular aerobic metabolism involved in the development of seizures (Sejima et al. 1997). Free radical scavenging enzymes such as GSH CAT and SOD are the first line cellular defense against oxidative stress, eliminating reactive oxygen radical such as superoxide (·O2−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and preventing the formation of more reactive hydroxyl radical (·OH) (ref). Our study goes fine with these findings where we found that the decreased activities of GSH in PTZ-subjected rat were significantly increased on combined treatment with levetiracetam and losorton. This finding indicated that combined therapy of levetiracetam and losorton could improve the cellular antioxidative defense against oxidative stress. Keywords: Epilepsy, PTZ lipid peroxidation, free radicals.

PROBLEMS IN MAKING PEPTIDE DRUGS: A REVIEW Dixit Surya Prakash1, Tiwari Salil2 1

R&D Department, TCG Life Science, Kolkata Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences -226028, Uttar Pradesh, India

2

ABSTRACT Peptides and proteins are ubiquitous and are involved in nearly all physiological processes at some level. They therefore present a wide range of therapeutic targets. Peptides offer not only diverse chemical functionality, but also offer the ability to extensively explore conformational space. Although peptides are useful leads in the drug discovery process, unfortunately, the linear peptides for clinical application have been limited by the intrinsic properties of peptides which include rapid degradation of peptides of peptidase enzymes, leading to metabolic instability which complicates oral delivery of peptides. Passage through blood brain barrier is an additional problem for peptides which acts on CNS. Some possible limits of either protein or peptides can be identified, which might have accounted for their delay as potential drugs with respect to small molecules. Some important drawbacks are common to peptides and proteins:  Both have important limits for oral delivery, being degraded by digestive enzymes;  Both are not able to diffuse through cell plasma membrane (with a few exceptions for peptides); and  Both are generally not able to cross the blood–brain barrier. Apart from these common limits, there are others more typical of each class. The low biostability of peptides generates the necessity to add several steps for their manufacturing, including different chemical modifications. Moreover, their short half-life brings tough delivery and the necessity of high doses. The result is a higher manufacturing cost. Given the extensive biology associated with peptides, it is not surprising that considerable effort has been devoted recently to the synthesis of peptidomimetics designed to overcome the therapeutic deficiencies of peptides. Keywords: Peptide drug, peptidomimetics, proteins.

FULLERENES: A MAGIC BALL FOR RESEARCHERS Dr. Kandasamy Nagarajan1, Dr. Gupta Amresh2, Tiwari Salil3 1

2

KIET Schhol of Pharmacy,Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai Etawah, 2016130, Uttar Pradesh, India 3 Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences -226028, Uttar Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT Ever since their experimental discovery in 1985, fullerenes have attracted considerable attention in different fields of sciences. Investigations of chemical, physical and biological properties of fullerenes have yielded promising information. Their unique carbon cage structure coupled with immense scope for derivatization makes fullerenes a potential therapeutic agent. The study of biological applications has attracted increasing attention despite the low solubility of carbon spheres in physiological media. The fullerene family, and especially C60, has appealing photo, electrochemical and physical properties, which can be exploited in various medical fields. Fullerene is able to fit inside the hydrophobic cavity of HIV proteases, inhibiting the access of substrates to the catalytic site of enzyme. It can be used as radical scavenger and antioxidant. At the same time, if exposed to light, fullerene can produce singlet oxygen in high quantum yields. This action, together with direct electron transfer from excited state of fullerene and DNA bases, can be used to cleave DNA. In addition, fullerenes have been used as a carrier for gene and drug delivery systems. Also they are used for serum protein profiling as MELDI material for biomarker discovery. In this review we report the aspects of medicinal applications of fullerenes. Keywords: Fullerene, Biomarker.

PEPTIDE DRUG: AT A GLANCE Gaurav Krishna1, Salil Tiwari2 1

Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences -226028, Uttar Pradesh, India Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences -226016, Uttar Pradesh, India

2

ABSTRACT More than 7000 naturally occurring peptides have been identified, and these often have crucial roles in human physiology, including actions as hormones, neurotransmitters,

growth

factors,

ion

channel

ligands,

or

anti-

infectives 1, 2, 3 and 4. In general, peptides are selective and efficacious signaling molecules that bind to specific cell surface receptors, such as G proteincoupled receptors (GPCRs) or ion channels, where they trigger intracellular effects. Given their attractive pharmacological profile and intrinsic properties, peptides represent an excellent starting point for the design of novel therapeutics and their specificity has been seen to translate into excellent safety, tolerability, and efficacy profiles in humans. The four most significant concerns voiced about peptide-based drugs are: potential immunogenicity, poor pharmacokinetics (PK), lack of oral activity, and high manufacturing costs. The last issue is greatly dependent upon a variety of factors, which will be discussed in an upcoming article, Peptide-based Drug Research and Development, Relative Costs, Comparative Value. The time has now come to reinvestigate new drug leads that fit between these two molecular weight extremes, with the goal of combining advantages of small molecules (cost, conformational restriction, membrane permeability, metabolic stability, oral bioavailability) with those of proteins (natural components, target specificity, high potency).

Keywords: Peptide, pharmacokinetic, immunogenicity.

ANTIOXIDANT AND PROTECTIVE PERFORMANCE OF SOLANUM XANTHOCARPUM SCHRAD. & WENDL. FRUIT EXTRACT AGAINST ETHANOL INDUCED LIVER TOXICITY IN EXPERIMENTAL RODENTS Ramesh Kumar Gupta1*, Sudhansu Ranjan Swain2, Jagannath Sahoo3, Salil Tiwari4, Amresh Gupta5 1

Sherwood College of Faculty of Pharmacy, Barabanki -225001,Uttar Pradesh, India. 2 MET Faculty of Pharmacy, Moradabad-244001, Uttar Pradesh, India. 3 KIET School of Pharmacy, Ghaziabad-201001, Uttar Pradesh, India. 4 Goel Institute of Pharmacy & Sciences -226028, Uttar Pradesh, India 5 Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai Etawah, 2016130, Uttar Pradesh, India.

ABSTRACT The present study was aimed to evaluate antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic fruit extract of Solanum xanthocarpum against ethanol induced hepatopathy induced liver toxicity in experimental animals. In the present study, in-vivo hepatoprotective effect of 50% Ethanolic fruit extract of Solanum xanthocarpum (SXE, 100, 200

and 400 mg/kg body weight) was

evaluated using experimental models, ethanol (5 g/kg, p.o.) induced hepatotoxicity in experimental animals. The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various biochemical parameters like AST, ALT, ALP, γ-GT and total bilirubin. Meanwhile, in-vivo antioxidant activities as LPO, GSH, SOD and CAT were screened along with histopathological studies. Obtained results demonstrated that the treatment with SXE significantly (P