Final DPR Report NH-80 Jn

GOVERNMENT OF BIHAR ROAD CONSTRUCTION DEPARTMENT NATIONAL HIGHWAY WING

Detailed Project Report NH No. NH DIVISION NH CIRCLE

: 80 : N.H. Division, Lakhisarai at Munger N.H. Circle, Baghalpur

NAME OF WORK

: : Mokama - Hathidah Section : Improvement of Stretch

ESTIMATED COST

:

NH SECTION

and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.400 of NH-80 in the State of Bihar 13.975 Crores

Ref. : Annual Plan Provision for for Year 2016-2017 of M/oRT&H for for Bihar State

July 2016 Preparedd By :  Transtek Engineers & Services Pvt. Ltd. Prepare Shivpuri, P/O-Shastrinagar, Patna-23

 Improvement of Stretch Stretch and Junctions Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in the State of Bihar under under N.H. Division, Lakhisarai at at Munger.

CONTENTS

Detailed Project Report including Cost Estimate For Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in the State of Bihar under N.H. Division, Lakhisarai at Munger Chapter

PARTICULARS

Page No.

1.

Report

01 – 10

2.

Engineering Design and Improvement Proposals

11 - 23

3.

General Abstract of Cost and Detailed abstract of Cost

24 – 37

4.

Detailed Computation of Quantities

38 - 47

5.

Analysis of Rates

48 – 69

6.

Drawings Details (page No. 70 onwards)

Plan and Profile Drawing at Bridge Location Typical Cross Section, Junction Improvement and other Miscellaneous Drawing General Arrangement Drawing of Proposed Bridge

Drawing No.

 Improvement of Stretch Stretch and Junctions Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in the State of Bihar under under N.H. Division, Lakhisarai at at Munger.

CONTENTS

Detailed Project Report including Cost Estimate For Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in the State of Bihar under N.H. Division, Lakhisarai at Munger Chapter

PARTICULARS

Page No.

1.

Report

01 – 10

2.

Engineering Design and Improvement Proposals

11 - 23

3.

General Abstract of Cost and Detailed abstract of Cost

24 – 37

4.

Detailed Computation of Quantities

38 - 47

5.

Analysis of Rates

48 – 69

6.

Drawings Details (page No. 70 onwards)

Plan and Profile Drawing at Bridge Location Typical Cross Section, Junction Improvement and other Miscellaneous Drawing General Arrangement Drawing of Proposed Bridge

Drawing No.

 Improvement of Stretch Stretch and Junctions Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in the State of Bihar under under N.H. Division, Lakhisarai at at Munger.

1.

Report

 Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in the State of Bihar under N.H. Division, Lakhisarai at Munger.

1. R E P O R T 1.1

Preliminary

1.2

Authority and Plan :

1.3

Introduction & Necessity:

1.4

Existing Features of Project Section

1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.4.5 1.4.6 1.4.7 1.4.8

Highway Alignment Existing Road Inventory Existing Right-of Way and Available Land for proposed Widening Work Existing Road Crust in Project Section Pavement Condition Highway Junctions Rain / Flood Water Overtopping in the project Stretch Utility Services

1.5

Sub-grade Soil Investigation Report

1.6

Traffic count Data

1.7

Materials for proposed Construction work

1.8

Specification & Test Result

1.9

Labour

1.10

Rates

1.11

Project Cost Estimate

1.12

Construction Programme

1.13

Drawings

 Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in the State of Bihar under N.H. Division, Lakhisarai at Munger.

1. R E P O R T 1.1

1.2

Preliminary  Name of work 

:

Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in the State of Bihar Bihar

State

:

Circle

:  N.H. Circle, Baghalpur

Division

:  N.H. Division, Lakhisarai at Munger

Section

:

Mokama – Hathidah Section

 N.H. No.

:

80

Estimated cost

:

13.975  Crores (including centages)

Authority and Plan :

This detailed estimate amounting to Rs. 13.975 Crores  has been prepared for Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 Mokama – Hathidah Section of NH-80 in the State of Bihar in the state of Bihar under N.H. Division, Lakhisarai. The proposed work also find  place in the list of Annual Plan for Bihar State for the year 2016-2017 approved by M/oSRT&H.

1.3

Introduction & Necessity:

 National Highway No. 80 links Mokamah in Bihar to Farrakka in West Bengal. The total length of NH-80 is around 310 Km. and is passes through three states – Bihar (200 km), Jharkhand (100 km) and West Bengal (10 km) of eastern India. In Bihar NH 80 passes through Lakhisarai - Munger - Bhagalpur - Kahalgaon – Rajmahal and finally meets NH 34 at Farrakka. The Project Section under consideration from Ch. 0.00 to Ch. 1.400 is the Stating stretch of NH80. The Work for Improvement of NH-80 Section from Ch. 1.400 onwards has already been completed By NHAI, Govt. of India. The Stretch from Section Ch. 0.00 to Ch.1.400 and the 275 m. length of Connecting Highway from Junction Point of NH-31 to Junction at Ch. 0.00 (NH80) had been left unimproved including the Major Junctions improvement work and other associated Junctions connecting NH-31 & NH-80. There is lot of Traffic conflict at this Location and Traffic Jams Take place for several hours. The details of existing highway Junction is shown in drawing on Next Page. Improvement of the Stretch from Ch. 0.00 to Ch. 1.400 and Connecting Length of NH-31 Jn. To  NH-80 Jn. (275 m. + 162.50 m.) along with 4 Nos. of Major Junctions falling in between is the necessitated. The Improvement Plan of These stretch has been finalised accordingly.

 Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in the State of Bihar under N.H. Division, Lakhisarai at Munger.

Project Section Map of NH-80 Km. 0.00 to Km. 1.400 and 4 - Junctions

 Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in the State of Bihar under N.H. Division, Lakhisarai at Munger.

1.4

Existing Features of Project Section 1.4.1

Highway Alignment

The geometric features are fairly satisfactory except. The Project Section is falling built-up zone. Vertical Alignment in the project stretch is also found satisfactory. 1.4.2

Existing Road Inventory

The summary of existing Road Inventory is presented in Table 1.1 below Table 1.1 : Summary of existing Road Inventory Sl. No. 1

2

3

1.4.3

Chainage Carriage Way in m. From & To 0.000 to 1.400 At Junction Location Main section of NH16 m. (4-Lane) 80 & Remaining 7 m. Connecting Highway At Junction Location (NH-31 to NH-80 16 m. (4-Lane) Ch. 0.000 to Ch. 0.275 & Remaining (towards Patna) 7 m. Connecting Highway At Junction Location (NH-31 to NH-80 16 m. (4-Lane) Ch. 0.000 to Ch. 0.165 & Remaining Towards Barauni 7 m.

Shoulder Type Earthen

Embankment Height Flushing with adjoining Ground Built-Up Zone

Pavement Type

Earthen

Flushing with adjoining Ground Built-Up Zone

Bituminous Pavement

Earthen

Flushing with adjoining Ground Built-Up Zone

Bituminous Pavement

Bituminous Pavement

Existing Right-of Way and Available Land for proposed Widening Work

The existing Right-of Way and Available Land for proposed Widening Work is  presented in Table 1.2 below Table 1.2 Existing Right-of Way and Available Land for proposed Widening Work Sl. Chainage Length in m. Existing Right-of Available Land No. From & To Way for proposed Widening Work 1

2

3

4

0.00 to 0.110 Main Stretch of  NH-80 0.110 to 1.400 Main Stretch of  NH-80 Connecting Highway (NH-31 to NH-80 Ch. 0.000 to Ch. 0.275 (towards Patna) Connecting Highway (NH-31 to NH-80 Ch. 0.000 to Ch. 0.165 Towards Barauni

110

18 m. to 19 m.

18 m. to 19 m.

1290

12 m. to 13 m.

12 m.

275

22 m. to 25 m.

22 m. to 25 m.

165

13 m. 18 m.

13 m. to 18 m.

 Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in the State of Bihar under N.H. Division, Lakhisarai at Munger.

1.4.4

Existing Road Crust in Project Section

The existing Road Crust in Project Section in Project Section is presented in Table 1.3 below Table 1.3: Summary of Existing Road Crust in Project Section Sl. No.

1

2

3

Chainage From & To

Carriage Way in m. Base & Sub- Surfacing Base Layer Layer In mm. in mm. 0.000 to 1.400 At Junction Location 315 65 Main section of NH-80 16 m. (4-Lane) Bituminous & Remaining 7 m. Connecting Highway At Junction Location 295 57 (NH-31 to NH-80 16 m. (4-Lane) Bituminous Ch. 0.000 to Ch. 0.275 & Remaining (towards Patna) 7 m. Connecting Highway At Junction Location 290 64 (NH-31 to NH-80 16 m. (4-Lane) Bituminous Ch. 0.000 to Ch. 0.165 & Remaining Towards Barauni 7 m. Avg. Road crust Thickness in mm.

1.4.5

Total Crust Thickness in mm. 380

352

354

365 mm.

Pavement Condition

The Km. wise summary of existing pavement condition is presented in Table 1.4 below. Table 1.4: Summary Pavement Condition Sl. No.

Chainage From (Ch.) To (Ch.)

Pavement Condition

1 2

0.000 to 1.400 Main section of NH-80 Connecting Highway (NH-31 to NH-80) Ch. 0.000 to Ch. 0.275 (towards Patna) Connecting Highway (NH-31 to NH-80 Ch. 0.000 to Ch. 0.165 Towards Barauni

Fair to Poor Fair to Poor

3

1.4.6

Fair to Poor

Highway Junctions

There are 4 Major Junction falling in the Project Section as shown in the drawings & Plans enclosed at previous page. Details of major highways Junction are outlined in Table 1.5 below. Table 1.5 : List of Major Highway Junction Sl. No. 1

2 3 4

Location Type of  /Chainage Junction Junction “A” T Junction At Ch. 0.00 (NH-31 & NHof Main Stretch 80) Junction “B” All there Junction are Y Junction Junction “C” Connecting Junction “D” (NH-31 & NH80)

Place

Remarks

Bata More Jn.

Connecting Mokama Town on Left Side and NH-80 Stretch on Right side Inter-Connecting Junction of NH-31 &  NH-80 Connecting Highway (NH-31 to NH-80) Moving Towards Patna through NH-31 Connecting Highway (NH-31 to NH-80) Moving Towards Barauni through NH-31

Apart from the National Highways and State Road, around 12 Nos. numbers of minor roads from Mokama Town Built-up Section are meeting NH–80 at different locations throughout in the project section. These adjoining roads are feeder roads connected to different Mohallas of Mokama Town. These roads are generally 3.50 m. wide.

 Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in the State of Bihar under N.H. Division, Lakhisarai at Munger.

1.4.7

Rain / Flood Water Overtopping in the project Stretch

Flood Over-topping is not reported in the project Section

1.4.8

Utility Services

The Detailed field Survey has been done for locating the Utility services in the project stretch. It was found that Electric Transformers, Electric Poles, Telephone Poles, Optic Fiber Cables, Hand Pumps fall within ROW. It has also been observed that some of the utility services are within ROW would not pose any major hindrance in formulating the project. Summary of Existing Utility Services in the project section is outlined below:

1.5

1.

Religious Structure: Total 1 No. of religious structure found within the ROW of project stretch at Junction Location.

2.

Telephone Poles : 16 Nos. of Telephone Poles are existing on either side of the road within the ROW of project stretch.

3.

Electric Poles :   There are 32 number of electric poles (with or without wire) located within 7 m on either side of the centre of the existing road.

4.

Electrical Transformer: 5 Nos. of Electric Transformers are existing in the entire stretch. These transformers are housed around 7 m. from the center of the existing  pavement.

5.

Hand Pumps :  5 Nos. of Hand pumps are existing at approximately 3 to 5 m. from the edge of the pavements. Most of them have been sunk by private owner.

6.

OFC Cable : Under -ground OFC cables has been found throughout the project stretch on either side within the ROW.

Sub-grade Soil Investigation Report:

The Sub-grade Soil investigation work for each Km. has been carried out in Feb. 2015. Sample of sub-grade soil were collected after excavation of pit at pavement edge. The summary of subgrade soil Investigation Report is presented below for reference: Table 1.7: Sub-grade soil Investigation data Locati Visual on Ch. classification of soil

0.300

0.800

1.6

Seive Analysis (% Passing)

Sand

Atterberg's Limits

Type of soil M. Proctor Test C.B.R. Test Result as per IS Classification O.M Max. Content Without 4 days Soaking 1498 of 1970 .C. Soaking 4.75mm 2.36mm 0.425mm 0.075mm LL PL PI (in Dry den. 2.5 mm 5.0 mm 2.5 mm 5.0 mm %) (gm/cc) Pen. Pen. Pen. Pen. Brownish 100 100 98.89 22.98 77.02 - N.P. SM 14.0 1.761 8.64 9.65 5.27 5.75 Grey Silty Fine Sand Brownish 100 100 98.15 18.25 81.75 - N.P. SM 14.4 1.767 7.85 9.25 5.39 5.36 Grey Silty Fine Sand

Traffic count Data

7-Days Mid Block Traffic Count Survey has been carried out in Project section near Bata More at Ch. 0.200. Summary of Mid Block Count Traffic Data is presented below. From analysis of Traffic count, it has been found that the project section carriers heterogeneous with total PCU of 13732.

 Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in the State of Bihar under N.H. Division, Lakhisarai at Munger.

CLASSIFIED VOLUME COUNT - WEEKLY TRAFFIC COUNT SUMMARY (NH-80 Near Bata More)

Name of Road: NH-80 (Near Bata More)

From : 6.00 A.M.

On : 16/07/2016

Road Classification ………….: Two Lane

To

On : 22/07/2016

Location of Survey Station : At Ch. 0.200 of NH-80

Direction of Traffic -

: 6.00 A.M.

Both SLOW MOVING VEHICLES

FAST MOVING VEHICLES

Count Hour

Car, Jeep, Bus Van, Tempo  Autoricksha  Agricultural Tractor 

Mini/ Midi Bus

Motor  Agri. Total Cycle Cycle  Animal Ricksh Drawn Cycle, Trac. Fast aw Vehicle Scooter  Trailer  Moving Moped Bullock Vehicles

Truck Mini 2-Axle Truck Rigid

Multi-Axle

Hand Total Slow Drawn Moving Vehicle Vehicles

Rigid Semi Arti./  Articulated

06AM - 08AM

78

17

26

61

117

93

21

195

39

647

33

22

6

0

61

08AM - 10AM

84

9

31

75

126

102

26

210

44

707

44

18

5

0

67

10AM - 12AM

62

11

27

51

93

87

23

155

39

548

25

21

3

0

49

12AM - 02PM

54

8

18

46

81

78

27

135

34

481

22

27

7

0

56

02PM - 04PM

65

10

22

55

96

84

22

163

41

558

30

18

4

0

52

04PM - 06PM

78

8

17

70

117

96

19

195

47

647

39

20

3

0

62

06PM - 08PM

38

16

16

22

57

83

23

95

24

374

15

15

2

0

32

08PM - 10PM

28

27

6

1

42

53

17

70

18

262

10

0

0

0

10

10PM - 12PM

6

0

1

3

9

14

4

15

6

58

0

0

0

0

0

12PM - 02AM

2

0

0

2

3

5

2

5

2

21

0

0

0

0

0

02AM - 04AM

0

9

0

0

0

7

0

0

0

16

0

0

0

0

0

04AM - 06AM

36

14

13

18

54

81

11

90

18

335

7

9

9

0

25

TOTAL

531

129

177

404

795

783

195

1328

312

4654

225

150

39

0

414

Total UP & DN Per Veh. Type

531

129

177

404

795

783

195

1328

312

Value of PCU / Unit Vehicle Value of PCU/ Type of Vehicle

1.00

3.00

3.00

1.50

3.00

4.50

4.50

0.50

3.00

877.50

664.00

936.00

1.7

531.00

387.00 531.00 606.00 2385.00 3523.50

4654

225

150

39

0

0.50

1.50

8.00

8.00

10441.00 112.50 225.00

312.00

0.00

Materials for proposed Construction work:

Coarse & Fine aggregate will be procured form nearest approved quarry as given below. S. No.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Type of material

Unit

Name of Quarry

Stone Boulders Stone Metal Stone Chips Sand Local Sand Steel (TMT Bars) Cement Bitumen (Packed) Bitumen (Emulsion) Bitumen (CRMB) Stone Aggregate as a GSB Brick Hume Pipe

cum cum cum cum cum MT MT MT MT MT

Mirzachowki Mirzachowki Mirzachowki Kiul Local Mokama Mokama Barauni Paharpur Barauni

Carriage Lead In Km. 193 193 193 28 2 13 13 19 578 19

cum

Mirzachowki

193

No m.

Local Mokama

7 13

414

649.50

 Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in the State of Bihar under N.H. Division, Lakhisarai at Munger.

1.8

Specification & Test Result :

The specification and test result for stone metal, stone chips and other materials involved in construction work shall be as per guidelines laid down in the I.R.C. special publication “Specification for Road & Bridge works” latest 5 th Revision 2013.

1.9

Labour:

Skilled & unskilled labour for carrying out different items of works involved in proposed construction is locally available. Other facilities such as transport, food, water & medical care are easily available to them.

1.10

Rates :

The finished rates for carrying out different items of works has been worked out on the basis of “Current Schedules of Rates” of National Highway Wing, Bihar, effective from 01.04.2016.

1.11

Project Cost Estimate

Detailed Cost Estimate for proposed Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in Bihar has been worked out based on detailed quantity computation as per finalised Design and Drawings under DPR. Unit rates for construction items have been analyzed on the basis of the formats given in the standard Data Book for Analysis of Rates published in the year 2003 by Indian Roads Congress on behalf of Ministry of Surface Transport, Road Wing, Govt. of India, New Delhi. Current Schedule of Rates of RCD, Govt. of Bihar, effective from 01.04.2016 has been taken under consideration and cost estimate has been finalised. Local quarries for stones and stone aggregate for construction of road crust and bridge are not available in the near vicinity. Stone quarries at Mirzachowki have been proposed for carrying out the entire work. Sand from Kiul River (Near Lakkhisarai) is available in the near vicinity. Cement & Steel required in construction work shall be procured from Mokama Town in the Project Section. Hume Pipe Factories has been located at Mokama. Based on quantity Computation and Analysis of Rates the Detailed Cost Estimate have been arrived and abstract of Cost presented in Table Below

Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in the State of Bihar General Abstract of Cost Sl. No.

Description

Total Cost (in Rupees)

A. Cost of Civil Construction Work 1

Site Clearance and Dismantling

1,846,596

2

Earth Work

1,469,052

3

Grannular Sub bases and Base course

12,816,295

4

Concrete Pavement

69,997,843

5

Drainage and Protection Work

23,425,242

 Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in the State of Bihar under N.H. Division, Lakhisarai at Munger.

Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in the State of Bihar General Abstract of Cost Sl. No.

Total Cost (in Rupees)

Description

6

Junctions, Footpath and Kerbs

7,565,979

7

Traffic Signs, Marking and Other Road Appurtenances

1,937,678

Sub-Total "A"

9

119,058,685

Add 2.8% As Contingency on "A"

3,333,643 Sub-Total "B"

10

122,392,328 1,835,885

11

Add 1.5% for Work Charge Establishment on "B" Add 1% for Quality Control on "B"

12

Add 9% for Agency Charge on "B"

13

Utility Shifting (Electric Line, Poles and Transformers)

14

Cost of Temple Shifting

750,000

15

Cost of shifting of Hand Pump

280,000

16

1,223,923 11,015,310 1,905,000

Cost of Survey/Investigation and DPR Preparation Payable to Consultants appointed for this Project Grand Total

350,000 139,752,446

Say Rs. 13.975 crores The item wise Detailed Cost Estimate is presented in Chapter-3 of this DPR.

1.12

Construction Programme: Year

Cumulative Physical (%)

Progress Financial (%)

40% 100%

40% 100%

2016-2017

2017-2018 1.13

Drawings: The following drawings has been attached here with: Drawings Details:

Drawing No.

Plan and Profile Drawing Typical Cross Section, Junction Improvement and other Miscellaneous Drawing

Junior Engineer N.H. Section

Assistant Engineer N.H. Sub-Division

Executive Engineer N.H. Division Lakhisarai at Munger

 Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in the State of Bihar under N.H. Division, Lakhisarai at Munger.

2.

Engineering Design and Improvement Proposals

 Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in th e State of Bihar under N.H. Division,  Lakhisarai at Munger.

2.

ENGINEERING DESIGN AND IMPROVEMENT PROPOSALS

Contents I.

Design and Improvement Proposals for Highways

2.1

General

2.2

Cross-Sectional Elements

2.3

Proposed Design Standards for Highway

2.4

Proposed Improvement Scheme of NH-80

2.5

Improvement of Highway Geometric

2.6

Other Improvement and Safety provisions in project Section

II.

PROPOSED PAVEMENT COMPOSITION UNDER UP-GRADATION

2.7

Existing Road Crust and Pavement Condition

2.8

Proposed Pavement for Project Section

2.9

Design of Rigid Pavement for New Constructions /Widening

2.10

Recommendation on Crust Composition of Rigid Pavement

 Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in th e State of Bihar under N.H. Division,  Lakhisarai at Munger.

2.

ENGINEERING DESIGN AND IMPROVEMENT PROPOSALS

II.

Design and Improvement Proposals for Highways

2.1

General The Project Section under consideration from Ch. 0.00 to Ch. 1.400 is the Stating stretch of  NH-80. The Work for Improvement of NH-80 Section from Ch. 1.400 onwards has already  been completed By NHAI, Govt. of India. The Stretch from Section Ch. 0.00 to Ch.1.400 and the 275 m. length of Connecting Highway from Junction Point of NH-31 to Junction at Ch. 0.00 (NH-80) had been left unimproved including the Major Junctions improvement work and other associated Junctions connecting NH-31 & NH-80. There is lot of Traffic conflict at this Location and Traffic Jams Take place for several hours. The details of existing highway Junction is shown in drawing on Next Page. Improvement of the Stretch from Ch. 0.00 to Ch. 1.400 and Connecting Length of NH-31 Jn. To NH-80 Jn. (275 m. + 162.50 m.) along with 4 Nos. of Major Junctions falling in between is the necessitated. The Improvement Plan of These stretch has been finalised accordingly.

2.2

Cross-Sectional Elements The Elements are Right of Way, Roadway width, carriageway width, shoulders, Camber (crossfall), side slope. Cross-sectional elements of the project road have been arrived after considering the following factors:      

Ease of movement without conflicts; Availability of space, especially in built-up areas, Avoiding interference with sensitive religious structures viz. Mosques, Graveyards & Temples Access to village road and their consideration Requirement of an efficient drainage system Utility and economy of suggested measures.

Based on the above, Two type of typical cross section have been developed for the upgrading of NH-80 from Ch. 0.00 (Bata More) to Ch. 1.400. The details of these cross section are as follow: i) Type 1 This cross section is applicable from Ch. 0.110 to 1.400. Under this proposal the existing Two Lane Highway has been upgraded to Two-lane with paved Shoulder. At both edge of Main Carriage-way, 1.00 m. wide Drain cum footpath have been proposed. ii) Type 2

This cross section is applicable from Ch. 0.00 to Ch. 0.110 and for the Connecting Road to  NH-80 & NH-31 including 4 No. of Junctions. Under this proposal the existing Two /4 Lane Lane Highway has been upgraded to Divided Carriageway with median 1.50 m. wide. The carriage way of Highway 7.25 m. on either side followed by 1 m. wide raised Drain cum Footpath. Such Cross section for improvement has been finalised in view of available limited ROW of 18 m. to 19 m. in the section from Ch. 0.00 to Ch. 0.110 and Connecting Road to  NH-80 & NH-31 including 4 No. of Junctions.

 Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in th e State of Bihar under N.H. Division,  Lakhisarai at Munger.

2.3

Proposed Design Standards for Highway The objective of functional design is to arrange the physical elements of the highway so as to suit the requirements of driver and vehicles, providing an inherent safety and increasing traffic capacity efficiently, at the same time taking into account the vehicle operating costs and time saving. Geometric design standards for Urban Highways" IRC-86-1983 has been used for study of project road 2.3.1

Highway classification   – National Highway – Proposed 2-lane Section with Paved Shoulder and Service Road on either side

2.3.2

Terrain classification (General)

Sl. Terrain Classification Percent Cross - slope of  No. country 1. Level / Plain 0 to 10 2. Rolling 10 to 25 3. Mountainous 25 to 60 The Existing NH-327E is passing through the Plain Terrain. 2.3.3

Adopted cross-sectional Elements Element Characteristics

Right of Way Carriage way Road way width Shoulder

Ruling 45 m

7m 12 m 1.5 m 1m 2.5 % 2.5 % 3.5 %

Paved Earthen Cross fall (Carriage way) Paved shoulder Earthen shoulder Side slope of embankment (In Fill) Height upto 3 m 1:3 to 1:4 2.3.4

Design Value Minimum 30 m or to the extent available Land width to avoid Land extra LA 5.50 m 12 m 0.0 m 2.5 m 2.5 % 2.5 % 3%

1:2

Design Speed

Speed is one of the most important and governing factor to mark the importance of Highway associated with safety and comfort during travel. It has great impact on the economy of the traffic operation as well as saving of precious time. It plays pivotal role in the geometric design of highways. In the project highway of NH-98, there is a significant percentage of slow as well as heavy vehicles. A design speed in rural areas has been adopted as 80 kmph  where as in Urban/Built-up congested area; the design speed proposed is 40 km/h.  Adopted Design Speed Km/h Type of Section Ruling / desirable Rural 100 Urban 65

Minimum 80 40

 Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in th e State of Bihar under N.H. Division,  Lakhisarai at Munger.

2.3.5

Horizontal Curves The design Standard for horizontal curves to be adopted is as follows: Particulars

Design Speed km./hr. (Plain Terrain) 100 80 65 Minimum radius of horizontal curve in m. 360 230 155 Max. super elevation % 7 7 7 Rate of change of super elevation / m 1 in 150 1 in 150 1 in 150 Max. Deflection angle without horizontal Ruling maximum 1.50 curve in degree 0 Absolute maximum 1.50 Formula for calculating super-elevation “e” for radius larger than minimum : e = V2 / 225 R Where transition curve is not to be provided, the super elevation run off length  proposed to be 2/3rd on straight and 1/3 rd on curve.

2.3.6

Vertical Curves

As per I.R.C. SP-23 for stopping sight distance, length of summit curve, and for head light distance, the length of valley curve are as indicated in the following table: Design Speed Km/hr 100 80 65

Length of summit curves ( in m) for Stopping sight Intermediate Overtaking distance sight sight distance distance 73.6 A 135.0 A 426.7 A 32.6 A 60.0 A 230.1 A 18.4 A 33.8 A 120.4 A

Length of valley curve in meter for head light distance 41.5 A 25.3 A 17.4 A

‘A’ in the above table is difference in grade expressed as percentage. As sight distance is also a factor of driver’s reaction time, it is advisable to increase this by about 10 % while designing horizontal curves. It is also subject to minimum length of curves as  per I.R.C. Hence the design standards for vertical curves adopted for project is as follows: Particulars

Minimum Value of K Summit curve

Design speed km./hr. 100 80 65 80 40 20

Sag curve

45

30

20

0.5%

0.6%

0.8%

60

50

40

Grade difference not requiring vertical curve. Minm.length of vertical curve in meter Summit Curve

Valley Curve

a). For stopping sight distance L = NS2/4.4 ( L > S )

L = NS2/1.5+0.035S ( L > S )

L = 2S – 4.4/N ( L < S )

L = 2S – 1.5+0.035S ( L < S )

 b). For intermediate or overtaking sight distance 2

S = Sight distance

L = NS /9.6 ( L > S )

L = Length of curve

L = 2S – 9.6/N ( L < S )

N = Deviation angle

 Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in th e State of Bihar under N.H. Division,  Lakhisarai at Munger.

2.3.7

Methodology for Computer Aided Design (CAD) through MX Road / INROADS

Application of Software Package: The detailed Strip Plans in AutoCAD has been prepared from the survey information collected showing all the existing features. The Digital Terrain Model (DTM) has been generated in MX Road from the  Northing, Easting and Elevation collected from the survey. Horizontal Alignment of the proposed widening has been prepared with MX Road  based on the Guidelines of the IRC. The Horizontal Curves to maximum possible radius have been provided subject to a minimum radius adopted for specified design speed except for exceptional case. Vertical Alignment has been developed by correcting the existing profile and raising requirement to accommodate the proposed crust thickness over the existing 2-lane. The following points were kept in mind while designing the vertical profile.

♦

♦

♦

♦

i)

The minimum length of curve to be 60 m.

ii)

Maximum Grade not to exceed 3.3 % (i.e. 1 in 33)

iii)

The minimum Stopping Sight Distance has been kept as 180 m.

A maximum Super elevation of 7% has been provided as per IRC 38 (Guide lines for Design of Horizontal Curves) using MX Road.  At Places where the speed restriction is essential in view of site condition viz. built-up Zone, deficient Approach alignment to existing retainable Bridges, Non availability of Extra Land for improvement of alignment, the Superelevation shall be provided as per available Radius of Curvature and restricted Design Speed of that section.

2.4

Proposed Improvement Scheme of NH-80 In view of present Traffic Scenario and available Right-of War is has been decided to Concentric Widening of existing Highway Section. The Table 2.1 below present the improvement Scheme of NH-80 from Ch. 0.000 to Ch.-1.400 and Connecting Length of NH-31  Jn. To NH-80 Jn. (275 m. + 162.50 m.) along with 4 Nos. of Major Junctions

Table – 2.1 : Proposed Widening Scheme C/S Type

Chainage

Length Existing in Km. Arrangement

Available Proposed Arrangement Land for widening work m.

Land Width required for proposed widening m.

From

To

Type-1

0.110

1.400

1.290

2 Lane Road Bituminous Pavement

12 to 13 m.

Proposed Improvement of existing road by Cement Concrete Pavement as Two Lane with Paved Shoulder (10 m. width) + 1.0 m. drain cum footpath on either side

12

Type-2

0.000

0.110

0.110

4 Lane Road with Bituminous Pavement

18-19 m. for Proposed widening

Proposed 4-Laning with 7.00 m. Carriageway on either side and Road Side Drain cum Footpath,  proposed Median width 1.50 m.

18

 Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in th e State of Bihar under N.H. Division,  Lakhisarai at Munger.

C/S Type

Chainage From

To

Type-2 Connecting Length of NH-31 Jn. To  NH-80 Jn. (275 m. + 162.50 m.) along with 4 Nos. of Major Junctions

2.5

Length Existing in Km. Arrangement

0.440

2 /4Lane Road

Available Proposed Arrangement Land for widening work m. 18-19 m.

Proposed 4-Laning with 7.00 m. Carriageway on either side and Road Side Drain cum Footpath,  proposed Median width 1.50 m.

Land Width required for proposed widening m. 22.5

Improvement of Highway Geometric 2.5.1

Improvement of Horizontal Alignment In general Concentric widening of the project stretch is proposed. Horizontal alignment of the stretch has been checked for design speed 60 Km / hr in built up and congested area.

2.5.2

Improvement of Vertical Geometric The existing Vertical Alignment in the project is fairly satisfactory. The existing vertical summit and valley curves have been proposed for improvement as per guidelines of IRC standard (IRC –SP-23 & IRC – 73 – 1980) in order to provide safe sight distance compatible with the proposed speed.

2.5.3

Improvement of Major / Minor Junctions in Project Section All the 4 Major Highway Junction, falling in the project section has been improved with proper provision of turning Radius, Signage, Road Marking, pedestrian Guard Rails etc. as per guidelines IRC and M/oRT&H Standard Plan for design of Intersection on NH. For Minor Road Connecting, it is proposed to allow the Meeting / Crossing of such minor to NH through Small Radius Horizontal Curve duly flared in both directions with proper provision of traffic Signage, Road Marking, Also they are to be provided with approved type of Speed Breakers as per guidelines of IRC-99 in order to reduce the Speed of incoming Fast moving Vehicle to N.H., thus at least minimising the chances of Road accident occurred due to Shear negligence. Typical Plan for improvement of Minor connecting Road Junction is enclosed in at the end of this DPR  .

2.6

Other Improvement and Safety provisions in project Section 2.6.1

Road Side Drainage Facilities

Since the entire Project stretch is falling under Built-up section, raised Roadside RCC (M-20 Grade) Drain as shown in Typical Cross section has been proposed throughout the project Section. The proposed drain Top (1 m. wide) will serve the purpose of Footpath, The drain section has been adopted to take care of Pedestrian Live load. Suitable opening with MS Grating of size 150 x 150 mm on side wall of drain shall be  provided at an interval of 7.5 m. for collecting/receiving the surface Run-off to Drain. Weep Holes shall also be provided in Drain in Drain sidewalls. The inner bottom of drain in no case shall be less than 0.40 m. below bottom of GSB level. For Inspection

 Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in th e State of Bihar under N.H. Division,  Lakhisarai at Munger.

and cleaning work of Drain, RCC Slab in Steel Angle Frame of Size 750 x 750 mm with MS grating of dia 150 mm at center and hook for lifting shall be provided at regular interval 10 m. throughout the length of drain. 2.6.3

Traffic Signs

Proper Traffic signs throughout the whole project stretch along with intersections with other roads and other facility location will be provided for giving proper direction and warning to the driver, as well as direct them the route they want to follow. The traffic signs will be as per IRC Standard as will be of “Retro Reflection Type”. The Summary of proposed traffic Signs in Project section is summarised below: Informatory Signs, Facility Signs, Direction Signs, Advance Direction / Destination Signs, Route Marker Signs etc. Warning Sign 900 mm. size triangular  Mandatory Sign Circular 600 mm dia.

2.6.4

21 24 24

Road Markings and Delineators

Road marking (Lane/centre line/edge line/ transverse marking /Zebra Crossing and any other markings) shall be carried out with hot applied thermoplastic paints conforming to ASTM D36/BS-3262 (Part - I) and as per IRC Standard. For Safety of road user during night travel, retro-refectories road delineators have been  proposed at identified locations (Approach to Bridge, culverts & structure, speed restricted section, curved sections, built-up section etc. in the project section. The summary of such provision is presented below. Cluster of Red Reflectors. 150 Road way delineators 26 Hazard markers 20 Object markers 20 Apart from above, for all the trees on highway flanks, retro-refectories plates marking have been proposed for their clear identification during night travel.

2.6.5

th

5 kilometer, Kilometer, 200m & ROW Pillars

These have been proposed as per the required provision in IRC 8 and 26 and as per standard practice in the country. These should be made of precast concrete and lettering/numbering shall be as per IRC codes mentioned above. The summary of such  provision with Nos. is presented below. Hectometer stones. 7 5th km. stone. 00 km. stone. 02

2.6.7

Shifting of Utility Services:

The survey work has been done for locating the Utility Services in the Project Stretch. It has been found that Electric Poles, L.T. Line Crossover (Overhead), Telephone Poles, Optic Fiber Cables, Electric Transformers, Hand Pump etc. falls within the ROW. It has been proposed to relocate the Utility Services beyond the Service Road / Drain on either side. Cost of Shifting the these utility services has incorporated in DPR Cost.

 Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in th e State of Bihar under N.H. Division,  Lakhisarai at Munger.

II.

PROPOSED PAVEMENT COMPOSITION UNDER UP-GRADATION

2.7

Existing Road Crust and Pavement Condition Existing Road Crust in Project Section

The existing Road Crust in Project Section in Project Section is presented in Table below Summary of Existing Road Crust in Project Section Sl. No.

1

2

3

Chainage From & To

Carriage Way in m. Base & Sub- Surfacing Base Layer Layer In mm. in mm. 0.000 to 1.400 At Junction Location 315 65 Main section of NH-80 16 m. (4-Lane) Bituminous & Remaining 7 m. Connecting Highway At Junction Location 295 57 (NH-31 to NH-80 16 m. (4-Lane) Bituminous Ch. 0.000 to Ch. 0.275 & Remaining (Towards Patna) 7 m. Connecting Highway At Junction Location 290 64 (NH-31 to NH-80 16 m. (4-Lane) Bituminous Ch. 0.000 to Ch. 0.165 & Remaining Towards Barauni 7 m. Avg. Road crust Thickness in mm.

Total Crust Thickness in mm. 380

352

354

365 mm.

Pavement Condition

The Km. wise summary of existing pavement condition is presented in Table below. Summary Pavement Condition Sl. No.

Chainage From (Ch.) To (Ch.)

Pavement Condition

1 2

0.000 to 1.400 Main section of NH-80 Connecting Highway (NH-31 to NH-80) Ch. 0.000 to Ch. 0.275 (towards Patna) Connecting Highway (NH-31 to NH-80 Ch. 0.000 to Ch. 0.165 Towards Barauni

Fair to Poor Fair to Poor

3

2.8

Fair to Poor

Proposed Pavement for Project Section

Considering the Built-up Section of Mokama Town and frequent damages to existing Bituminous due to Water logging issue, It has been decided to adopt Rigid Pavement under entire improvement of Project section including 4 Nos. of Major Junctions and connecting Road between NH-31 & NH-80. Accordingly Design of Rigid Pavement has been done as per Guidelines of IRC

 Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in th e State of Bihar under N.H. Division,  Lakhisarai at Munger.

2.9

Design of Rigid Pavement for New Constructions /Widening

Rigid Pavement option has been considered for project section passing through Builtup Zone where problems of water logging persists throughout the year. The Existing section is presently treated with Bituminous Pavement of inadequate thickness in poor condition. The design of Rigid Pavement has been carried out as per guidelines given in the latest edition of IRC: 58 and the latest MOST guidelines. The design of Rigid Pavement essentially involve the following steps: •

Design Life: The design life of Rigid Pavement has been taken to be 30 years.

•

Modulus of Subgrade Reaction : Modulus of Subgrade Reaction was obtained from CBR test values of soil samples from Subgrade correlating k with CBR as shown in fig.8.5 Table 8.1 and 8.2 of Handbook on Cement Concrete Roads published by cement manufacturers association guidelines, New Delhi.

•

Design Traffic: From the traffic data, the intensity of projected future traffic was determined in accordance with IRC: 58 guidelines. The maximum wheel load for the design was taken from the Axle Load spectrum survey.

•

Modulus of Rupture, Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson’s Ration: M – 40 concrete mix has been considered for Pavement Quality Concrete (PQC) in the design of rigid pavement. Modulus of Rupture, Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson’s Ration has been adopted for M – 40 concrete.

•

Design of Slab Thickness :   From the data mentioned above , the design thickness of the Jointed Concrete Pavement ( JCP) has been computed following IRC : 58.

•

Design of Joints : The design of joints in the Jointed Concrete Pavement has been designed in accordance with IRC : 15 and IRC : 58.

Based on the Traffic data, Existing Road Crust data, Pavement Condition Data, CBR test result and Axle Load test data, Road Section design of pavement have been carried out and presented  below with recommendation for adoption: Design of Rigid Pavement as per IRC-58 1 Estimation of Modulus of Subgrade Reaction, k Design CBR of subgrade soil

=

5% =

4.2 kg/cm3

Modulus of subgrade soil reaction Provide dry lean Cement concrete (M-15 Grade) concrete as sub-base of thickness

=

150 mm

Modified modulus of reaction on the subbase, k

=

24.25 kg/cm3

2 Properties of Cement Concrete Design flexural strength of concrete at 28 days in the field

=

40 kg/cm2

Design flexural strength of concrete takent at 90 days

=

45 kg/cm

Modulus of elasticity of concrete (E) Poisson's ratio ( )

=

2

3.00E+05 kg/cm2 = 0.15

 Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in th e State of Bihar under N.H. Division,  Lakhisarai at Munger.

Coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete ( ) 3 Traffic Factors estimation of design design msa  Number of commercial commercial vehicles in both directions/day Traffic growth rate per anum

=

10.0E-6 / 0C

=

2085 CV/day = 7.5 percent

Type pressure, (p)

=

8

Load safety factor (LSF) for major Highways  No. of lanes Lane width Contraction Joint Spacing Factor for directional distribution Factor for lane disribution Vehicle damage factor as per axle load survey Percent truck traffic of the commercial commercial vehicles (as per traffic survey)  No. of trucks per day (2 axles, 3 axles, multi multi axles trucks) Design Life of pavement to be considered Constuction perod since last traffic count

= = = = = = = =

1.2 2 3.5 4.5 0.5 0.75 5.7 58 %

= = =

1773 30 years 1 years

2

kg/cm

m m

4 Initial Traffic in each direction in the year of completion of construction

A = P(1+r)

x

Where, P= Numer of commercial vehicles as per last cont r= Annual growth rate of commercial vehicles x=Constuction perod since last traffic count A=1773 X(1+7.5/100)1= 5

Number of Repetition of commercial vehicle during design period: 365 x [(1+r) ^n -1] xAxDxF  N= r Where , A = Initial traffic in the year of completion completion of construction construction D = Lane distribution factor F = Directional distribution factor n = Design life in years r = Annual growth rate  N= 365 x ((1+7.5 / 100)^30-1) x 1906 x 0.5 x 0.75 / (7.5 / 100) = 26975224 = 27 millions

6

Axle load distribution

Load 1 3 5 7 9 11

Numbers 0 108 391 162 71 54

Single Axle % Vehicle 0.000 % 9.207 % 33.333 % 13.811 % 6.053 % 4.604 %

Repetition 000.0E+0 5.0E+6 18.0E+6 7.5E+6 3.3E+6 2.5E+6

Load 1 3 5 7 9 11

Tandom Axle Numbers % Vehicle 0 0.000 % 0 0.000 % 2 0.171 % 4 0.341 % 70 5.968 % 65 5.541 %

1906 CV/day

Repetition 000.0E+0 000.0E+0 92.0E+3 184.0E+3 3.2E+6 3.0E+6

 Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in th e State of Bihar under N.H. Division,  Lakhisarai at Munger.

Load 13 15 17 19 21 23 Total

7

Single Axle Numbers % Vehicle 33 2.813 % 41 3.495 % 21 1.790 % 1 0.085 % 0 0.000 % 0 0.000 % 882 75.192 %

Repetition 1.5E+6 1.9E+6 965.9E+3 46.0E+3 000.0E+0 000.0E+0

Load 13 15 17 19 21 23 Total

Tandom Axle Numbers % Vehicle 114 9.719 % 19 1.620 % 10 0.853 % 6 0.512 % 1 0.085 % 0 0.000 % 291 24.808 %

Repetition 5.2E+6 873.9E+3 8 73.9E+3 459.9E+3 276.0E+3 46.0E+3 000.0E+0 0 00.0E+0

Load Stress at the Edge Region The load stress for edge region ( le ) for different wheel wheel loads with LSF LSF = 1.2, are computed from from IITRIGID (IRC 58) and are tabulated.

P= Design wheel load in Kg. h= Pavement slab thickness in cm. =Poissions ratio for concrete E=Modulus of elasticity of concrete l = Radius of relative stiffness stiffness in cm =[(Exh3)/(12 x (1 -m2)  x K)] 0.25=   73.050  b = Radius of equivalent distribution of pressure at bottom of slab in cm.= [1.6 x a2 + h2]0.5 - 0.675 x h  b= a for a/h>=1.724 a = radius of wheel load distribution in cm (assumed circular) = [ P / (p x p)]0.5 = 0.66

8

Fatigue Analysis The fatigue analysis has been performed, taking the flexural strength of concrete equal to 45 Kg/cm for computing stress ratios. The results are shown in the table. Trial thickness =

Axle load (A) Tonnes (1)

Single Axle 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

A x 1.2 (P) Tonnes (2)

1.2 3.6 6 8.4 10.8 13.2 15.6 18 20.4 22.8 25.2 27.6

Axle W x 1.2 Edge load load (P) stress (w) Tonnes Sle

30 cm Edge load Stress stress Sle ratio 2 (kg/cm ) (4) (3)

1.488 3.88 6 7.991 9.9 11.745 13.536 15.279 16.982 18.649 20.285 21.893

Stress ratio (4)

0.03 0.09 0.13 0.18 0.22 0.26 0.30 0.34 0.38 0.41 0.45 0.49

Design repetitions (5)

000.0E+0 5.0E+6 18.0E+6 7.5E+6 3.3E+6 2.5E+6 1.5E+6 1.9E+6 965.9E+3 46.0E+3 000.0E+0 000.0E+0

Design Allow. repetitions Rept. To (5) fatigue

Allow. Rept. Fatigue resistance To fatigue used (%) (6) Col.5/Col.6 x 100 (7)

Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited 62790761 1286914 Total Fatigue resistance used (%) Col.5/Col.6 x 100

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0

 Improvement of Stretch and Junctions at Km. 0 to Km. 1.40 of NH-80 in th e State of Bihar under N.H. Division,  Lakhisarai at Munger.

Tonnes (1)

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23

9

(2)

1.2 3.6 6 8.4 10.8 13.2 15.6 18 20.4 20.4 22.8 22.8 25.2 27.6 27.6

(kg/cm2) (3)

0.693 0.693 1.825 1.825 2.81 3.715 3.715 4.571 5.392 6.186 6.959 6.959 7.713 7.713 8.45 9.172 9.881 9.881

Tandom Axle 0.02 000.0E 000.0E+0 +0 0.04 000.0E 000.0E+0 +0 0.06 92.0E+3 0.08 184.0E 184.0E+3 +3 0.10 3.2E+6 0.12 3.0E+6 0.14 5.2E+6 0.15 873.9E 873.9E+3 +3 0.17 0.17 459.9E 459.9E+3 +3 0.19 0.19 276.0E 276.0E+3 +3 0.20 46.0E+3 0.22 0.22 000.0E 000.0E+0 +0

(6)

(7)

Unlim Unlimite ited d Unlim Unlimite ited d Unlimited Unlim Unlimite ited d Unlimited Unlimited Unlimited Unlim Unlimite ited d Unlim Unlimite ited d Unlim Unlimite ited d Unlimited Unlim Unlimite ited d Total=

0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0

Temperature Stress for Edge Region Temperature differential in Bihar (T )

= 16.8

OK

(for h =30cm)

Temperature stress ( S te) for edge region may may be computed as under Contraction joint spacing (L) =4.5 =4 .5 m L/I or B/I= 450 = 6. 6.16 73.050 Bradbery coefficient value C=0.9 (IRC : 58) Temperature stress at edge region ( Ste) = E   t C/2 Ste= Sle+Ste)= Sle+Ste)= = 10 Corner Load Stress. Corner load stress ( c)= (3xP/h2)x[1- (a*squrt(2)/l)1.2] For P = 10.8 Kg, h = 30cm. 1 =73.0 5 cm, a = 0.66 cm

2

22.68 kg/cm 9.9+22.68 9.9+22.68 32.58 kg/cm2