Fifth Edition Fantasy #03 - The Pillars of Pelagia

 

TBI pcllfrs `a pilfjcf Ny Obrcs D`yli  O`vir Frtcst8 Frtcst Nik Z``ttik • Idct`r8 Idct`r Tce Zfdzcksgc Dcriot`r8  Hiriey E`blir a`r @utlfkd Iktirtfckeikt Frt Dcriot`r  

Cktirc`r Frtcsts Frtcsts8 _bfkk`k ]`trftz, Ffr`k ]flseicir, ]idr` Acjui Ofrt`jrfpbir Discjk Idwfrd Lfvfllii Ofrt`jrfpbir8 Gictb Ourtcs • Discjk8 Jrfpbco Discjk ]lfytistirs Lcsf D`yli, Flio D`yli, Discjk8 Hfeci Zfllcs • ]lfytistirs8

Irco Hissup, Efrg A`rtck, Divck EoOullik, _tivi LfNuk

vcsct us `klcki ft8 www.j``defk-jfeis.o`e

Jit dcjctfl updftis fkd o`rriotc`ks arii! Ysi tbi o`up`k o`di nil`w `k tbcs tctli ft www.rpjk`w. o`e t` rioicvi f arii dcjctfl o`py `a tbcs e`duli plus fky updftid idctc`ks fs tbiy fri punlcsbid.

Tcs prcktckj ` Acab Idctc`k Afktfsy # Ti ]cllfrs `a ]ilfjcf cs d`ki ukdir virsc`k 6.= ` tbi @pik Jfeckj Lcoiksi, fkd tbi _ystie ^iirikoi D`oueikt ny pirecssc`k r`e Zczfrds ` tbi O`fst, Cko.Discjkftc`k ` ]r`duot Cdiktcty8 Ti `ll`wckj cties fri biriny discjkftid fs ]r`duot Cdiktcty ck foo`rdfkoi wctb _iotc`k 6(i) ` tbi @pik Jfei Lcoiksi, virsc`k 6.=8 Acab Idctc`k Afktfsy, Aiy _cstirs– Afti, fll pr`pir k`uks, ofpctflczid tires, ctflcoczid tires, frtw`rg, efps, syen`ls, dipcotc`ks, fkd cllustrftc`ks,

Ti `ll`wckj tixt cs tbi pr`pirty ` Zczfrds ` tbi O`fst, Cko. fkd cs O`pyrcjbt >=== Zczfrds ` tbi O`f st, Cko (“Zczfrds―). Fll ^cjbts ^isirvid. 6. Di󿬆kctc`ks8 (f)―O`ktrcnut`rs― (f)―O`ktrcnut`rs― eifks tbi o`pyrcjbt fkd/`r trfdiefrg `wkirs wb` bfvi o`ktrcnutid @pik Jfei O`ktikt7 (n)―Dircvftcvi Eftircfl― eifks o`pyrcjbtid eftircfl ckoludckj dircvftcvi w`rgs fkd trfkslftc`ks (ckoludckj ckt` `tbir o`eputir lfkjufjis), p`tftc`k, e`dc󿬆oftc`k, o`rriotc`k, fddctc`k, ixtiksc`k, upjrfdi,

iqucpeikt, efjcofl `r supirkfturfl fnclctcis `r i﬍iots, l`j`s, syen`ls, `r jrfpbco discjks7 fkd fky `tbir trfdiefrg `r rijcstirid trfdiefrg olifrly cdiktc󿬆id fs ]r`duot cdiktcty ny tbi `wkir ` tbi ]r`duot Cdiktcty Cdiktcty,, fkd wbcob spioc󿬆oflly ixoludis tbi @pik Jfei O`ktikt7 () “rfdiefrg― eifks tbi l`j`s, kfeis, efrg, scjk, e`tt`, discjks tbft fri usid ny f O`ktrcnut`r t` cdiktcy ctsil `r cts pr`duots `r tbi fss` ocftid pr`duots o`ktrcnutid t` tbi @pik Jfei Lcoiksi ny tbi O`ktrcnut`r (j) “Ysi―, “Ysid― `r “Ysckj―

Lcoiksi. oriftc`k fk d/`r S`u bfvi su﬏ ocikt rcjbt s t`  virsc`k ` tbcs Lcoiksi. jrfkt tbi rcjbts o`kviyid ny tbcs Lcoiksi. 6= O`py ` tbcs Lcoiksi8 S`u EY_ ckoludi 1.K`tcoi ` Lcoiksi O`pyrcjbt8 S`u eust f o`py ` tbcs Lcoiksi wctb iviry o`py ` tbi updfti tbi O@]S^CJB K@COI p`rtc`k @pik Jfei O`ktikt S`u Dcstrcnuti. ` tbcs Lcoiksi t` ckoludi tbi ixfot tixt ` 66. Ysi ` O`ktrcnut`r Oridcts8 S`u efy tbi O@]S^CJB K@COI ` fky @pik k`t efrgit `r fdvirtcsi tbi @pik Jfei Jfei O`ktikt S`u fri o`pyckj, e`dcyckj O`ktikt usckj tbi kfei ` fky O`ktrcnut`r `r dcstrcnutckj, fkd S`u eust fdd tbi ukliss S`u bfvi wrcttik pirecssc`k r`e tbi tctli, tbi o`pyrcjbt dfti, fkd tbi o`pyrcjbt b`ldir–s kfei t` tbi O@]S^CJB K@COI O`ktrcnut`r t` d` s`. 6> Ckfnclcty t` O`eply8 C ct cs cep`sscnli `r ` fky `rcjckfl @pik Jfei O`ktikt y`u S`u t` o`eply wctb fky ` tbi tires ` tbcs Dcstrcnuti.

ixoipt suob ilieikts tbft flrifdy fppifr ck tbi _ystie ^iirikoi D`oueikt `r bfvi niik rilifsid fs @pik O`ktikt. Discjkftc`k ` @pik O`ktikt8 _unhiot t` tbi ]r`duot Cdiktcty discjkftc`k fn`vi, suob siotc`ks ` orifturi fkd K]O stftcstcos fs dircvi r`e tbi _^D fri discjkftid fs @pik Jfeckj O`ktikt. _`ei ` tbi p`rtc`ks ` tbcs n``g wbcob fri dilckiftid @JO `rcjckfti r`e tbi _ystie ^iirikoi D`oueikt fkd fri o`pyrcjbt © 6333, >=== Zczfrds ` tbi O` fst, Cko. Ti riefckdir ` tbisi @JO p`rtc`ks ` tbisi n``g fri biriny fddid t` @pik Jfei O`ktikt fkd, c s` usid, sb`uld nifr tbi O@]S^CJB K@COI “ACAB IDCC@K AFKF_S #Ti ]cllfrs `a ]ilfjcf, o`pyrcjbt © >=69 J``defk Jfeis, fll rcjbts risirvid,  vcsct www.j``defk-jfeis.o`e www.j``defk-jfeis.o`e `r o`ktfot ck`Mj``defk-jfeis.o`e― Acab Idctc`k Afktfsy #Ti ]cllfrs `a ]ilfjcf  cs o`pyrcjbt © >=69 J``defk Jfeis. @pik jfei o`ktikt efy `kly ni usid ukdir fkd ck tbi tires ` tbi @pik Jfei Lcoiksi. J``de fk Jfeis cs k`t f﬏ lcftid wctb Zczfrds ` tbi O`fstE. J``defk Jfeis efgis k` olfce t` `r obfllikji t` fky trfdiefrgs bild ny Zczfrds ` tbi O`fstE. @]IK JFEI LCOIK_I Qirsc`k 6.=f

cepr`vieikt, o`epclftc`k, fnrcdjeikt cepr`vieikt, `r `tbir `re ck wbcob fk ixcstckj w`rg efy ni riofst, trfks`reid `r fdfptid7 (o) “Dcstrcnuti―― eifks t` ripr`duoi, lcoiksi, “Dcstrcnuti rikt, lifsi, sill, nr`fdofst, punlcoly dcsplfy, trfksect `r `tbirwcsi dcstrcnuti7 (d)―@pik Jfei O`ktikt― eifks tbi jfei eiobfkco fkd ckoludis tbi eitb`ds, pr`oiduris, pr`oissis fkd r`utckis t` tbi ixtikt suob o`ktikt d`is k`t ien`dy tbi ]r`duot Cdiktcty fkd cs fk ikbfkoieikt `vir tbi prc`r frt fkd fky fddctc`kfl o`ktikt olifrly cdiktc󿬆id fs @pik Jfei O`ktikt ny tbi O`ktrcnut`r, O`ktrcnut`r, fkd eifks fky w`rg o`virid ny tbcs Lcoiksi, ckoludckj trfkslftc`ks fkd dircvftcvi w`rgs ukdir o`pyrcjbt lfw, nut spioc󿬆oflly ixoludis ]r`duot Cdiktcty. (i) “]r`duot Cdiktcty― eifks pr`duot fkd pr`duot lcki kfeis, l`j`s fkd cdiktcyckj efrgs ckoludckj trfdi driss7 frtcfots7 orifturis obfrfotirs7 st`rcis, st`rylckis, pl`ts, tbieftco ilieikts, dcfl`jui, ckocdikts, lfkjufji, frtw`rg, syen`ls, discjks, dipcotc`ks, lcgikissis, `refts, p`sis, o`koipts, tbieis fkd jrfpbco, pb`t`jrfpbco fkd `tbir vcsufl `r fudc` riprisiktftc`ks7 kfeis fkd disorcptc`ks ` obfrfotirs, spills, ikobfkteikts, pirs`kflctcis, tifes, pirs`kfs, lcgikissis fkd spiocfl fnclctcis7 plfois, l`oftc`ks, ikvcr`keikts, orifturis,

eifks t` usi, Dcstrcnuti, o`py o`py,, idct, `reft, e`dcy, trfkslfti fkd `tbirwcsi orifti Dircvftcvi Eftircfl ` @pik Jfei O`ktikt. (b) “S`u― `r “S`ur― eifks tbi lcoiksii ck tires ` tbcs fjriieikt. >. Ti Lcoiksi8 Tcs Lcoiksi fpplcis t` fky @pik Jfei O`ktikt tbft o`ktfcks f k`tcoi ckdcoftckj tbft tbi @pik Jfei O `ktikt efy `kly ni Ysid ukdir fkd ck tires ` tbcs Lcoi ksi. S`u eust f﬏x suob f k`tc oi t` fky @pik Jfei O `ktikt tbft y`u Ysi. K` tires efy ni fddid t` `r suntrfotid r`e tbcs Lcoiksi ixoipt fs disorcnid ny tbi Lcoiksi ctsil. K` `tbir tires `r o`kdctc`ks efy ni fpplcid t` fky @pik Jfei O`ktikt dcstrcnutid usckj tbcs Lcoiksi. ?.@﬍ir fkd Fooiptfkoi8 Ny Ysckj tbi @pik Jfei O`ktikt S`u ckdcofti S`ur fooiptfkoi ` tbi tires ` tbcs Lcoiksi. 4. Jrfkt fkd O`kscdirftc`k8 Ck o`kscdirftc`k `r fjriickj t` usi tbcs Lcoiksi, tbi O`ktrcnut`rs jrfkt S`u f pirpitufl, w`rldwcdi, r`yflty-rii, k`k-ixoluscvi k`k-ixoluscvi lcoiksi wctb tbi ixfot tires ` tbcs Lcoiksi t` Ysi, tbi @pik Jfei O`ktikt. 9.^iprisiktftc`k 9.^iprisiktf tc`k ` Futb`rcty t` O`ktrcnuti8 C S`u fri o`ktrcnutckj `rcjckfl eftircfl fs @pik Jfei O`ktikt, S`u riprisikt tbft S`ur O`ktrcnutc`ks fri S`ur `rcjckfl

:. Ysi ` ]r`duot Cdiktcty8 S`u fjrii k`t t` Ysi fky ]r`duot Cdiktcty Cdiktcty,, ckoludckj fs fk ckdcoftc`k fs t` o`epftcnclcty o`epftcnclcty,, ixoipt fs ixprissly lcoiksid ck fk`tbir, ckdipikdikt Fjriieikt wctb tbi `wkir ` ifob ilieikt ` tbft ]r`duot Cdiktcty. S`u fjrii k`t t` ckdcofti o`epftcnclcty `r o`-fdfptfnclcty wctb fky rfdiefrg `r ^ijcstirid rfdiefrg ck o`khukotc`k wctb f w`rg o`ktfckckj @pik Jfei O`ktikt ixoipt fs ixprissly lcoiksid ck fk`tbir, ckdipikdikt Fjriieikt wctb tbi `wkir ` suob rfdiefrg `r ^ijcstirid rfdiefrg. Ti usi ` fky ]r`duot Cdiktcty ck @pik Jfei O`ktikt d`is k`t o`kstctuti f obfllikji t` tbi `wkirsbcp ` tbft ]r`duot Cdiktcty.. Ti `wkir ` fky ]r`duot Cdiktcty Cdiktcty usid ck @pik Jfei O`ktikt sbfll ritfck fll rcjbts, tctli fkd cktirist ck fkd t` tbft ]r`duot Cdiktcty. 2. Cdiktc󿬆oftc`k8 C y`u dcstrcnuti @pik Jfei O`ktikt S`u eust olifrly ckdcofti wbcob p`rtc`ks ` tbi w`rg tbft y`u fri dcstrcnutckj fri @pik Jfei O`ktikt. 3. Ypdftckj tbi Lcoiksi8 Zczfrds `r cts discjkftid Fjikts efy punlcsb updftid  virsc`ks ` tbcs Lcoiksi. Lcoiksi. S S`u `u efy usi fky futb`rczid virsc`k ` tbcs Lcoiksi t` o`py, e`dcy fkd dcstrcnuti fky @pik Jfei O`ktikt `rcjckflly dcstrcnutid ukdir fky

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Lcoiksi wctb rispiot t` s`ei `r fll ` tbi @pik Jfei O`ktikt dui t` stftuti, hudcocfl `rdir, `r j`virkeiktfl rijulftc`k tbik S`u efy k`t Ysi fky @pik Jfei Eftircfl s` f﬍iotid. 6? ireckftc`k8 Tcs Lcoiksi wcll tireckfti fut`eftcoflly c S`u fcl t` o`eply wctb fll tires birick fkd fcl t` ouri suob nrifob wctbck ?= dfys ` nio`eckj fwfri ` tbi nrifob. Fll sunlcoiksis sbfll survcvi tbi tireckftc`k ` tbcs Lcoiksi. 64 ^i`reftc`k8 C fky pr`vcsc`k ` tbcs Lcoiksi cs bild t` ni ukik`roifnli, suob pr`vcsc`k sbfll ni ri`reid `kly t` tbi ixtikt kioissfry t` efgi ct ik`roifnli. 69 O@]S^CJB K@COI @pik Jfei Lcoiksi v 6.= O`pyrcjbt >===, Zczfrds ` tbi O`fst, Cko. _ystie ^ulis D`oueikt O`pyrcjbt >=== Zczfrds ` tbi O `fst, Cko.7 Futb`rs H`kftbfk wiit, E`kti E`kti O``g, _gcp Zcllcfes, nfsid `k `rcjckfl eftircfl ny I. Jfry Jyjfx fkd Dfvi Frkis`k. Acab Idctc`k Afktfsy #Ti ]cllfrs `a ]ilfjcf, o`pyrcjbt © >=69 J``defk Jfeis, fll rcjbts risirvid, vcsct www.j``defk-jfeis. www.j``defk-jfeis. o`e `r o`ktfot ck`Mj``defk-jfeis.o`e

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

6

 

Tbi ]cllfrs `a ]ilfjcf Ny Obrcs D`yli Ti ]cllfrs `a ]ilfjcf  cs fk fdvikturi discjkid a`r usi wctb tbi 9tb idctc`k `a tbi 󿬆rst afktfsy r`liplfyckj jfei. Ct cs cktikdid a`r a`ur t` scx ?rd-livil obfrfotirs fkd ofk ni

iraul grfgik s`roirirs a`r tbicr `wk dcfn`lcofl sobieis,  wfs fk ceeiksi in`ky st`ki ofpfnli `a iksbr`udckj f 󿬆vi-ecli rfdcus `a tbi surafoi w`rld ck o`kstfkt dusg-lcgi

o`eplitid ck f sckjli sissc`k. Dipikdckj `k tbi kuenir `a obfrfotirs fkd tbi obfllikjis `viro`ei, tbi obfrfotirs sb`uld jfck `ki livil ny tbi ikd `a tbi fdvikturi. F vfrcity `a obfrfotir olfssis cs sujjistid t` tfogli tbi obfllikjis prisiktid birick, fkd sckoi ckvistcjftc`k fkd diduotc`k fri pfrfe`ukt ck tbcs fdvikturi, f str`kj sw`rd fre ecjbt k`t ni tbi cdifl s`lutc`k t` f sctuftc`k. @ki `a tbi obfrfotirs sb`uld ukdirstfkd tbi Drfo`kco lfkjufji. Ti fdvikturi cs sit fl`kj fk cs`lftid o`fst o`epliti wctb efhistco sif olc﬍s fkd f kifrny sefll vcllfji.

o`kdctc`ks. @ki yifr fatir bir vcot`ry, f nfkd `a fdvikturis lid ny tbi pflfdck Qflckus distr`yid tbi _bfd`w fkd r`utid tbi dr`w frecis `a ` a tbi Divcl-Lcob. Tcs st`ki  fkd sb`rt fdvikturi cs tbi st`ry `a b`w Obflyobcf (nia`ri sbi ienrfoid ukdiftb) foqucrid tbi p`wiraul rilco, fkd b`w f nfkd `a 󿬎idjlckj fdvikturis dcso`virid tbi siorit t` distr`y ct, sittckj tbi stfji a`r bir iviktufl diaift. Ct `oours fn`ut >= yifrs nia`ri tbi Divcl-Lcob fttfogs Fr`vfril, `r tbi yifr >19= IO. Fltb`ujb fstuti rifdirs wcll ukdirstfkd tbi `nvc`us nfog st`ry tci-ck wctb tbi ?.9 idctc`k e`duli DOO #6? Ti Orypt `a tbi Divcl-Lcob,  tbft fdvikturi cs k`t riqucrid t` ikh`y tbi obfllikjis prisiktid birick.

Ck tbi yifr >1:= IO (9?= yifrs fj`), tbi Divcl-Lcob Obflyobcf fttfogid fkd distr`yid tbi ilvik octy `a  Fr`vfril. Ckstrueiktfl t` bir vcot`ry wfs fk frtcafot ofllid tbi _bfd`wst`ki . Ti _bfd`wst`ki , oriftid ny p`w-

Nfogjr`ukd

 Fl`kj f rie`ti rie`ti sif o`fst fri si sivik vik st`ki pcllfrs tbft rrifob ifob ar`e tbi turnulikt o`fstfl diptbs t` f bicjbt `a sivirfl bukdrid aiit. Fltb`ujb rue`rid t` bfvi niik oriftid ny dcvcki eifks, scepli ir`sc`k fkd wfvi fotc`k soulptid tbi efhistco a`reftc`ks. Zbik tbi wckd nl`ws ar`e f oirtfck dcriotc`k, ct oriftis f s``tbckj eil`dc`us trcll tbft

p`wiraul frtcafot ofllid tbi _bfd`wst`ki . Frofdcfkus kivir dcso`virid tbi grfgiks– ultcefti j`fl a`r tbcs wifp`k, nut bi surecsid tbi grfgiks wiri divil`pckj f kiafrc`us pl`t. Ft tbi o`st `a tw` difr arcikds tbi rilco wfs siourid, fkd e`vid t` bcs sif t`wir. Ti efsscvi _bfd`wst`ki,   kifrly 69 aiit l`kj fkd fn`ut 2 aiit wcdi, wfs plfoid ck

iko`urfjis pfssckjniik wbflis t` risp`kd s`kj. Ti l`oftc`k bfs flwfys f afv`rid sp`twctb t` w`rsbcpirs `a ]i ]ilfjcf, lfjcf, fkd tbus tbi kfei Ti ]cllfrs `a ]il ]ilfjcf fjcf wfs nist`wid up`k tbi ukcqui ji`jrfpbco aifturi efky yifrs fj`. Ti l`oftc`k fttrfotid f p`wiraul wczfrd (fkd div`ut a`ll`wir `a ]ilfjcf) kfeid Frofdcfkus. Discrckj f rie`ti l`oftc`k t` pursui bcs frofki studcis ck pifoi, bi usid efjco t` fujeikt tbi kfturfl ir`sc`k `a `ki `a tbi lfrjir o`lueks, ofrvckj f t`wir ckscdi tbi pcllfr (s`eitceis riairrid t` fs tbi sif t`wir).

ff sb`rt suneirjid vfult pr`tiotidt`nydcso`vir ikobfkteikts. Ct t``g tcei a`r Frofdcfkus b`w t` fotcvfti fkd difotcvfti tbi rilco, nut efky yifrs `a risifrob wiri kiidid t` dcso`vir tbi siorit `a b`w t` distr`y ct. Tisi siorits wiri d`oueiktid ck f n``g, fkd plfoid ck f spiocfl ixtrfdceiksc`kfl obist tbft–s o`ktikts o`uld `kly ni suee`kid ny f pfssw`rd gk`wk t` Frofdcfkus. B`wivir,, tbiri wfs fk`tbir eitb`d t` `pik tbi obist… ivir

 Sifrs  Sifrs nia`ri tbcs st`ry nijcks, Frofdcfkus lid efky fllcis `k afnul`us quists, ckoludckj s`ei t` tbi n`tt`e `a

 Zbik Obflyobcf A`rl`rkf, fk fenctc`us dr`w eftr`k nikt `k nrckjckj bir frecis t` tbi surafoi w`rld, lifrkid `a tbi _bfd`wst`ki , sbi gkiw sbi eust bfvi ct. Zctb suob f p`wiraul rilco ft tbi ar`kt `a bir frey frey,, sbi o`uld istfn-

tbi vcftbi p`wiraul efjco.f ofdri @ki `a tbisi wfs t` tbif dfrg`oifk fnyss `a `oifk wbiri `a grfgiks oriftid

lcsb f pirefkikt nfsi `a `pirftc`ks `k tbi t` `ki, ifscly o`kquir tbi surr`ukdckj lfkds. Ivir tbisurafoi pftcikt

>

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TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

 

sbi spikt yifrs spyckj `k Frofdcfkus (usckj bir orystfl nfll , spills, fkd eukdfki eitb`ds) t` lifrk fn`ut tbi  wczfrd fkd bcs sif t`wir. Fltb`ujb Frofdcfkus `atik ditiotid tbi efjcofl ifvisdr`ppckj, bi fssueid ct wfs fk `ld rcvfl, fkd tb`ujbt lcttli `a tbi cktrusc`ks. Durckj tbcs tcei, sbi oultcvftid fk fllcfkoi wctb f nfkd `a fquftco dr`w fkd tbicr g`flcktb (fquftco b`nj`nlck) fllcis. Zbik tbi tcei wfs rcjbt, sbi sikt bir fllcis t` fttfog tbi sif t`wir ar`e tbi wftir. @koi siouri, Obflyobcf frrcvid vcf

`a oryptco Drfo`kco pfssfjis. Fltb`ujb _`liefyf a`ukd `ki suob pfssfji, sbi d`isk–t d`isk–t o`epribikd Drfo`kco fkd dcsecssid cts cep`rtfkoi. Iviktuflly, _`liefyf lifrkid tbi trui purp`si `a tbi wckd obcei , fkd stippid up bir i﬍`rts t` ofpturi tbi pisgy drfj`k. Zbcli bir g`flcktb fllcis afclid fjfck fkd fjfck, _`liefyf feusid birsila  wctb `ki `a Frofdcfkus Frofdcfkus–– e`ri cktiristckj efjcofl divcois.

a`r `a f 󿬆kfl sb`wd`wk wctb fkd Frofdcfkus. Fatir tilip`rtckj dfzzlckj duil efjco, sbi privfclid trfksp`rtid tbif sunduid wczfrd fkd tbi _bfd`wst`ki nfog t` tbi Ykdirdfrg.

o`eefkd w`rd, fkd cs tryckj t` ixtrfot ct ar`e tbi dceckutcvi drfj`k.

Nut Frofdcfkus– wcll wfs str`kjir tbfk sbi ixpiotid, fkd ck f 󿬆t `a rfji sbi gcllid tbi wczfrd nia`ri sbi rio`virid fll tbi cka`reftc`k fn`ut tbi _bfd`wst`ki,  suob fs tbi siorits t` cts distruotc`k. _bi (o`rriotly) suspiotid tbft Frofdcfkus bcd tbi cka`reftc`k s`eiwbiri ck bcs sif t`wir.  Fltb`ujb sbi w`uldk w`uldk––t eckd spikdckj yifrs risifrobckj tbi fnclctcis `a tbi _bfd`wst`ki nia`ri cts usi, sbi sikt f sefll jr`up `a g`flcktb lid ny fk fquftco dr`w nfog t` tbi sif nfkd, t`wir t` sifrob a`r cka`reftc`k. Tifquftco lifdir `a tbcs _`liefyf, cs tbi f pr`ecsckj aiefli dr`w olirco tieptid wctb tbi pr`spiot `a a`reflly h`ckckj B`usi A`rl`rkf ca sbi suooissaully l`oftis tbi siorits `a tbi _bfd`wst`ki . _`liefyf cs k`w ck o`ktr`l `a ` a tbi sif t`wir, wctb f sefll jr`up `a g`flcktb. _bi bfs rio`virid f efjco obist (fotuflly, f siouri obist 7 sii fppikdcx N a`r f disorcptc`k `a tbcs kiw spill), fkd ditireckid tbft f o`eefkd o` eefkd w`rd cs riqucrid t` `pik ct. Nut tbi o`eefkd w`rd dcid wctb  Frofdcfkus, fkd sbi bfsk bfsk––t niik fnli t` 󿬆kd riairikoi t` ct fkywbiri ck tbi sif t`wir. Ck fddctc`k t` tbi o`eefkd  w`rd, tbiri cs fk`tbir eitb`d eitb`d t` `pik tbi siouri obist . Ti wckd obcei `a ]ilfjcf  cs   cs f efjcofl divcoi wctb a`ur 󿬎uti-lcgi obceis, ifob o`kstruotid `a ukcqui eftircfls fkd sbfpid lcgi f dc﬍irikt sif orifturi. Ct `koi ristid ck tbi `pik-fcr sbrcki ft tbi t`p `a tbi sif t`wir. _`liefyf disp`clid tbi sbrcki fkd sukdirid tbi wckd obcei , fssueckj ct wfs nut f usiliss rilcjc`us trckgit. Fwfri tbft tbi divcoi o`uld ni usid t` `pik tbi siouri obist, Frofdcfkus– afeclcfr, f sif psiud`drfj`k kfeid Eyrcocf, jftbirid tbi a`ur obceis fkd bcd tbie ar`e _`liefyf. Ti orfaty lcttli drfj`k iludid ofpturi dui t` bir dceckutcvi sczi fkd gk`wlidji `a tbi sif t`wir–s k``gs fkd orfkkcis. B`pckj tbft bilp w`uld`as``k frrcvi, Eyrcocf bfs liat oluis t` tbi wbirifn`uts tbi pciois, ck tbi a`re

^ioiktly, _`liefyf 󿬆kflly ofpturid tbi `ld wczfrd–s oukkckj afeclcfr. _`liefyf suspiots tbi afeclcfr gk`ws tbi

 Fdvikturi B``gs Tcs fdvikturi nijcks wctb tbi obfrfotirs frrcvckj ft tbi olc﬍ `virl``gckj tbi ]cllfrs `a ]ilfjcf (fkd tbus tbi sif t`wir), wbcob cs frif 6-6. Nijck plfy wctb Nijckkckj tbi  Fdvikturi nil`w nil`w.. Ct cs tbi risp`kscnclcty `a tbi JE t` divcsi fk fppr`prcfti pl`t b``g t` jit tbi obfrfotirs t` tbi sif t`wir fkd ckvistcjfti tbi wbirifn`uts `a Frofdcfkus8 • Ti obfrfotirs fri bcrid ny f rriscdikt iscdikt `a Z Zftirt`k ftirt`k t` ckvistcjfti tbi wbirifn`uts `a f rioluscvi wczfrd kfeid Frofdcfkus. Ti wczfrd typcoflly ariquikts tbi kifrny t`wk t` purobfsi supplcis, ckoludckj rfri spill o`ep`kikts, nut bfs k`t niik bifrd ar`e ck sivirfl  wiigs. F lfrji `rdir `a ixpikscvi birns fkd ckoiksi fwfcts pcog-up ar`e f l`ofl birnflcst, ckctcftckj tbi riquist. • Ti ob obfrfotirs frfotirs fri bcrid ny fk`tbi fk`tbirr wczfrd (kfeid Lfzl`, wb`si t`wir cs f aiw dfys– trfvil t` tbi wist), t` pcog up f pfroil ar`e Frofdcfkus. Zbik tbiy frrcvi ck Zftirt`k, tbiy lifrk `a tbi wczfrd–s lfog `a rioikt o`ktfot. • Ti obur oburob ob `a ]ilfjcf bcris/ckstruots tbi ]Os t` trfvil t` tbi sif t`wir t` ckvistcjfti rue`rs `a tbi wczfrd–s dcsfppifrfkoi. Tcs b``g w`rgs nist ca f olirco `a ]ilfjcf cs ck tbi pfrty pfrty.. Vuist8 Ckvistcjfti tbi Zbirifn`uts `a Frofdcfkus.  Frofdcfkus.   ^ijfrdliss `a tbi b``g usid, tbi obfrfotirs fri sikt t` tbi sif t`wir ixpiotckj a`ul plfy `a s`ei s`rt. Ti JE kiids t` ditirecki fk fppr`prcfti riwfrd a`r tbi tfsg, suctfnli t` tbi ofepfcjk.

Nijckkckj tbi Fdvikturi Ti fdvikturi nijcks^ifd fs tbi tbi ]cllfrs `a ]ilfjcf. `r obfrfotirs pfrfpbrfsifri tbifppr`fobckj tixt nil`w8

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

?

 

Lifvckj tbi sfaity `a tbi r`fd nibckd, y`ur nfkd bifds wist  a`ll`wckj f twcstck twcstckjj jfe jfeii tr trfcl. fcl. S`ur nfkd so soflis flis f r`ogy oorfj rfj fd`rkid wctb sorfjjy spr`uts `a wiids, ifob sp`rtckj tuats `a  󿬎u﬍y o`tt`k-lcgi p`ds, p`gckj `ut `a tbi a`rl`rk lfkdsofpi.  F stifdy stifdy,, stc﬍ nriizi lfoid wctb f slcjbt nrcky soikt swcrls fn`ut fs y`u pl`d upwfrd. _b`rt `k nriftb, y`u 󿬆kflly orist tbi rcsi, fkd fri jriitid ny f e`ri fjjrisscvi wckd. Nil`w, ft lifst >== aiit d`wk, cs tbi r`llckj sura, orfsbckj `k pr`trudckj r`ogs, fkd tbi nfsi `a fk ir`did olc﬍. @ddly,, f sfkdy olifrckj cs l`oftid ft tbi idji `a tbi priocpcoi. @ddly  F se``tb wbcti efrnli pidistfl, sbfpid lcgi f trukoftid  pyrfecd,, pirbfps 4 aiit bbcjb,  pyrfecd cjb, cs sctuftid kifr tbi olc﬍– olc﬍–ss idji.  L`oftid f aiw bukdrid aiit `﬍ sb`ri cs fk ir`did st`ki pcllfr,  pirbfps 6== aiit ck dcfeitir, fkd rcsckj t` f bicjbt ixoiidckj tbi olc﬍ wbiri y`u stfkd. Ti pcllfr–s pifg fppifrs t` ni fd`rkid wctb e`k`lctbco st`kis, fle`st sirvckj fs f kfturfl or`wk. Ti ]Os fri ft frif 6-6. Zbik tbiy fppr`fob tbi pidistfl a`r f nittir l``g, pr`oiid wctb tbi disorcptc`k nil`w nil`w..

Jikirfl Aifturis  Ziftbir.. Ti dfy cs pfrtly sukky wctb f nrcsg sflty  Ziftbir sf lty nriizi tbft `oofsc`kflly justs. _`ukd. @utscdi, tbi wckd `oofsc`kflly oriftis ukusufl s`ukds fs tbi fcr cs a`roid nitwiik r`og a`reftc`ks. Ckscdi tbi sif t`wir, tbi o`kstfkt wckd ofk stcll ni bifrd. _if T`wir. Ti cktirc`r wflls `a tbi sif t`wir wiri soulptid ar`e tbi st`ki wctb efjco, fkd tbik w`rgid wctb t``ls a`r dilcofti aifturis. Dui t` tbi pr`xcecty t` tbi sif, tbi wb`li t`wir cs drfaty fkd dfep, wctb tbi afckt soikt `a sflty fcr. Oiclckj bicjbts vfry nfsid `k ckdcvcdufl obfenirs, fkd lcjbtckj cs spioc󿬆o t` ckdcvcdufl obfenirs fs disorcnid ck tbi tixt. Ykliss `tbirwcsi k`tid, d``rs fri efdi `a ukfd`rkid st`ki. Olcenckj cktirc`r wflls `a tbi sif t`wir riqucri f DO 69 _trikjtb (Ftblitcos) obiog,  wbcli ixtirc`r surafois riqucri riqucri f DO 62 _trikjtb (Ftblitcos) obiog.

F^IF 6-6 ‟ TBI YK_IIK N^CDJI (^iairikoi bfkd`ut #6 `k pfji 4=)  Fs tbi pfrty pfr ty fppr`fobis tbi pidistfl, rifd `r pfrfpbrfsi tbi a`ll`wckj8

Ti efrnli pidistfl cs fn`ut 9 aiit wcdi ft cts nfsi, nut sl`pis up t` > aiit wcdi ft cts trukoftid, 󿬎ft t`p. Ti t`p surafoi cs se``tb fkd plfck, sfvi a`r f sl`t > ckobis wcdi. Fl`kj tbi  ar`kt `a tbi pyrfecd cs f sceclfr b`rcz`ktfl sl`t, nut fn`ut 4 ckobis wcdi. Ti efrnli ukdir tbcs sl`t cs stfckid slcjbtly  yill`w,, fs ca f 󿬎ucd ``zid `ut `a tbi ``pikckj.  yill`w pikckj. A Afckt fckt rukis fri cksorcnid ck f 󿬎`wckj pfttirk ft tbi nfsi `a tbi pidistfl.  Frofdcfkus sfw f kiid kiid t` diaikd tbi iktrfkoi t` bcs t`wir ar`e tbi ofsufl pfssirny pfssirny.. Tus fk fllcfkoi wctb f bfrpy   tbft lftir lfcrs kifrny, fkdpirauei bi ol`fgid tbi nrcdji ckvcscnclcty  Bi fddid tbi dcspiksir fs fckwfy a`r ix-. piotid juists t` fv`cd tbi bfrpy. ]idistfl.  _b`w tbi plfyirs tbi cllustrftc`k `k ]lfyir ]idistfl.  Bfkd`ut #6. Ti rukis `k tbi trukoftid pyrfecd fri ck ildrctob syen`ls fkd ofk ni diocpbirid wctb f DO 6? Cktillcjikoi (Frofkf) obiog. Tiy rifd8 ]lftckue ck tbi sl`t, s` sbi n`tbirs y`u k`t.  Frofdcfkus divcsid tbcs “vikdckj efobcki― efobcki― ar`e `nsirvckj f sceclfr `ki usid t` dcspiksi b`ly wftir ck f tiepli didcoftid t` Eykf. Fky o`ck put ckt` tbi t`p sl`t (ct d`isk–t kiid t` ni plftckue7 tbi wczfrd fddid tbft ck 4

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

 

D`k–t Lcstik Ca tbi obfrfotirs tbckg t` pluj tbicr ifrs fjfckst tbi bfrpy–s Lurckj _`kj, f suctfnli eftircfl jrfkts fdvfktfji `k tbi sfvckj tbr`w. Ofkdli wfx, bifvy afnrco, `r o`tt`k (suob fs tbi tuats a`ukd `k tbi wiids fppr`fobckj tbi olifrckj) fri fll suctfnli cties.

fk i﬍`rt t` jikirfti e`ri aukds) trfvils d`wk tbi obuti fkd trcjjirs fk ilfn`rfti jifr systie, wbcob tcps f orystfl vcfl b`ldckj pirauei. Ti pirauei ixcts tbi b`rcz`ktfl sl`t `k tbi ar`kt `a tbi pyrfecd, bikoi tbi stfckckj. Ykliss ofpturid ck f rioiptfoli, f DO 69 Dixtircty obiog cs kiidid t` “oftob― tbi pirauei, ca ukfwfri. Ca trcjjirid sunsiquikt tceis, tbi pirauei cs ifscly ofujbt. Ti pyrfecd rfdcftis efjco, niofusi fk flfre spill (ofst ny tbi bfrpy E`rillf) bfs niik plfoid `k ct. Ti pirauei cs k`t vflufnli, nut tbi bfrpy dcsdfcks tbi stikob `a suob f plifsfkt arfjrfkoi. _bi wcll k`t fttfog f obfrfotir (ck eilii) tbft bfs bfd tbi pirauei splfsbid `k bce. Ca a`roid t` fttfog fk fk`cktid tfrjit, sbi bfs dcsfdvfktfji t` bct. @a o`ursi, tbcs d`isk–t f﬍iot usckj bir Lurckj _`kj. Ckstifd `a usckj f o`ck, tbi dcspiksir ofk ni trcjjirid  wctb f DO 6: Dixtircty obiog. Ft tbi nfog `a tbi pyrfecd cs f o`koiflid fooiss pfkil, riqucrckj f DO 6? Cktillcjikoi (Ckvistcjftc`k) obiog t` l`ofti fkd diduoi b`w t` `pik. Ct tbik tfgis f DO 6> Dixtircty (_licjbt `a Bfkd) obiog t` `pik ny usckj tbi o`rriot siquikoi `a pfkil efkcpulftc`ks. Ckscdi, nil`w f o`eplcoftid ol`ogw`rg jifr fssienly (tbft sp`rts tbi trfdiefrg `a tbi Ol`ogw`rg  Fofdiey) cs f orystfl vcfl (w`rtb 6:9 jp) b`ldckj sivirfl drfes `a pirauei. Tiri cs fls` f sefll eitfl n`x b`ldckj sivirfl o`cks (4 sp, 66 jp, 69 pp). Arustrftid ]Os o`uld flwfys sefsb tbi pyrfecd wctb f nludji`kckj wifp`k (4= bct p`ckts, nut ceeukcty t` slfsbckj fkd pcirockj  wifp`ks), nut tbcs distr`ys tbi orystfl orystfl vcfl. Nrcdji. Tiri cs f >==-a``t-l`kj r`pi nrcdji tbft spfks tbi `oifk, lifdckj t` f d``rwfy ckt` tbi sif t`wir (frif 6->). Ti nrcdji cs fttfobid t` tw` tbcog p`lis `k f lidji fn`ut 9 aiit nil`w tbi olc﬍ idji. Ca tbi obfrfotirs fri fwfri `a tbi lidji, suob fs ny t`ssckj f aiw bfkdauls `a sfkd `k ct, ct–s fk ifsy tfsg t` olcen d`wk. Nut t` o`kausi juists, Frofdcfkus ikobfktid tbi lidji fkd nrcdji wctb f pirefkikt  ckvcscnclcty   spill. Ti nrcdji cs w``d fkd

cnli   nrcdji wbcli rukkckj, `r durckj o`enft, bi kiids t` efgi f DO 69 Dixtircty (For`nftcos) obiog, `r afll pr`ki. Ca f tfrjit r`lls f 6 `k tbcs obiog, tbi tfrjit aflls `﬍ tbi nrcdji. Ca tbi ]Os tbr`w f bfkdaul `a sfkd `k tbi nrcdji, ct rivifls f 6=-a``t siotc`k. Tft cs tbi wb`li purp`si Frofdcfkus trfksp`rtid sivirfl t`ks `a sfkd t` tbi olifrckj8 s` ct ofk ni usid ny juists t` sfaily s faily or`ss tbi nrcdji. Dui t` tbi bcjb wckds, tbi sfkd nl`ws `﬍ tbi nrcdji ck c k fn`ut fk b`ur,, fkd ct cs sfaily o`koiflid fjfck. b`ur  Frofdcfkus bfs f l`yfl nrcdji giipir giipir,, f huvikcli bfrpy kfeid E`rillf. Bir e`tbir lcvid ck f kifrny sif ofvi a`r diofdis. Zbik Frofdcfkus 󿬆rst frrcvid fkd discrid t` sittli ck tbi ]cllfr, bi struog fk foo`rd wctb tbi vikirfnli bfrpy (wb` bfs sckoi pfssid `k) t` trfck bir dfujbtir ck wczfrdry. Frofdcfkus gipt bcs ikd `a tbi nfrjfck, fkd fltb`ujb E`rillf kivir pr`jrissid fs f pr`dcjy sbi foqucrid eck`r frofki tflikts. Ti flfre  spill cs trcjjirid wbik f tfrjit fppr`fobis  wctbck >= aiit `a tbi pidistfl. Ti eiktfl flfre  flirts E`rillf, wb` frrcvis fatir ? r`ukds. _bi 󿬎cis t` fk fltctudi `a 1= aiit, fkd `nsirvis tbi obfrfotirs a`r f aiw r`ukds. Ca tbiy plfoi o`cks ck tbi sl`t fkd fk`ckt tbiesilvis wctb tbi pirauei, sbi spcis `k tbie nut lits tbie usi tbi nrcdji. Ca tbiy fttfog bir, distr`y tbi pidistfl, `r fttiept t` or`ss wctb`ut usckj tbi pirauei, sbi fttfogs. _bi stfrts ny ofstckj nlfdi wfrd , fkd tbik usis bir Lurckj _`kj fotc`k. K`ti tbft wbcli tfrjits usi tbi Dfsb fotc`k t` e`vi t` bir, tbiy fri jrfktid f sio`kd sfvckj tbr`w t` fv`cd afllckj `﬍ tbi olc﬍. _bi riefcks fl`at fn`ut 1= t` 3= aiit fwfy ar`e tbi obfrfotirs, usckj bir  󿬆ri n`lt  ofktrcp   ofktrcp fs kiidid. Ca riduoid t` 2 bct p`ckts `r liss, sbi 󿬎iis t` f

r`pi, fkd swfys f nct wbik or`ssid. Ca ofutc`usly or`ssid, ct–s sfai. Nut ca f obfrfotir fttiepts t` or`ss tbi ckvcsACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

9

kifrny ofvi.

dfefji ar`e f s`uroi `tbir tbfk E`rillf, f tfrjit ofk ripift tbi sfvckj tbr`w. F tfrjit ofk fls` ripift tbi sfvckj tbr`w ft tbi ikd `a ifob `a cts turks. Ca tbi sfvckj tbr`w cs suooissaul, tbi iaaiot ikds `k ct. F tfrjit tbft suooissaully sfvis cs ceeuki t` E`rillf–s E`rillf–s s`kj a`r tbi kixt >4 b`urs.

E@^ILLF, HYQIKCLI BF^]S  Eidcue e`kstr`scty e`kstr`scty,, obf`tco ivcl 

FO8 66 Bct ]`ckts8 >: (9d2 + 9) _piid8  >= at., ﬎y 4= at. _T^

DIR 

O@K

CKT

ZC_

OBF

Tbi orfvik aieckcki a`re cs iksbr`udid iksbr`udid ck tbi ukgiept wckjs `a f ofrrc`k ncrd. Lcep bfcr wbcps fn`ut fkjulfr  afocfl aifturis, nisit ny pcirockj iyis. Bir bfkds fri

6> (+6) 6? (+6) 6> (+6) 6= (+=) 6= (+=) 6? (+6)

fd`rkid wctb wcogid tfl`k-lcgi olfws.

_iksis8 pfsscvi ]iroiptc`k 6=

 Fwfrdckj  Fwfr dckj Ixpircikoi

Lfkjufjis8 O`ee`k

Dcvcdi >== R] iquflly fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy diaift E`rillf `r usi tbi pirauei t` fv`cd f o`kar`ktftc`k wctb bir.

Obfllikji8 6 (>== R]) _piocfl Iqucpeikt8  Iqucpeikt8 E`rillf bfs f +6 dfjjir d fjjir.. Efjco Ckctcfti8 Frofdcfkus bfs trfckid E`rillf ck tbi  nfsco usi `a frofki efjco. _bi ofk ofst spills usckj Cktillcjikoi fs bir spillofstckj fnclcty (spill sfvi DO 6=, +> t` bct wctb spill fttfogs). E`rillf gk`ws tw` ofktrcps fkd `ki 6st-livil spill. Fatir tbi 6st-livil spill

cs ofst, E`rillf kiids t` o`epliti f l`kj rist nia`ri sbi ofk ofst ct fjfck.

 Zbik tbi obfrfotirs fppr`fob, rifd `r pfrfpbrfsi tbi a`ll`wckj8

_it ckt` tbi kfturfl r`og `a tbi olc﬍ cs f pfcr `a st`ki d``rs. Afckt ofrvid rukis o`vir tbi surafoi `a tbi d``rs ck f orisoikt

• 6st livil (6 sl`t)8 flfre

sbfpi. Tcs cs tbi ar`kt d``r `a tbi sif t`wir. Ti rukis fri ildrctob sorcpt fkd ofk ni diocpbirid wctb f DO 6? Cktillcjikoi (Frofkf) obiog. Tiy rifd8

 FOTC@K_ 

Gk`og, t` iktir.

• Ofktrcps (ft wcll)8 nlfdi wfrd, 󿬆ri n`lt 

+6 Dfjjir8  Eilii Zifp`k Fttfog 8 +4 t` bct, rifob 9

Tcs cs f plfy `k w`rds. Frofdcfkus `rcjckflly bfd fk frofki l`o g spill plfoid `k tbi d``r. F vcsct`r (typcoflly fk`tbir wczfrd) w`uld sceply ofst gk`og  `k   `k tbi d``r t` `pik ct. Nut wbik Obflyobcf st`reid tbi sif t`wir, sbi dcspillid   tbi frofki l`og . B`wivir, _`liefyf bfs sckoi plfoid f jlypb `a wfrdckj   `k tbi d``r t` dcssufdi vcsct`rs wfrdckj  `k

at., `ki tfrjit. Bct8 tfrjit. Bct8 ?  ? (6d4 + 6) pcirockj dfefji. Lurckj _`kj8  E`rillf sckjs f lurckj ikobfktckj eil`dy. Iviry buefk`cd `r jcfkt wctbck ?== aiit `a E`rillf tbft ofk bifr tbi s`kj eust suooiid `k f DO 66 Zcsd`e sfvckj tbr`w `r ni obfreid  uktcl  uktcl tbi s`kj ikds. E`rillf eust tfgi f n`kus fotc`k `k ifob `a bir sunsiquikt turks t` o`ktckui sckjckj. _bi ofk st`p ft fky tcei, fkd tbi s`kj ikds ca E`rillf cs ckofpfoctftid.

 wbcli sbi sifrobis tbi t`wir t`wir.. Ti  jlypb ofk ni dcso`virid wctb f DO 6? Cktillcjikoi (Ckvistcjftc`k) obiog. Ct cs trcjjirid wbik tbi d``r cs `pikid, ft wbcob p`ckt ct ixpl`dis ck f >=-a``t-rfdcus spbiri oiktirid `k tbi d``r. Fll tfrjits stfkdckj `k tbi lidji, `r tbi 󿬆rst 6= aiit `a tbi nrcdji, tfgi >> (9d2) p`ckts `a o`ld dfefji. F suooissaul DO 6? Dixtircty sfvckj tbr`w bflvis tbi dfefji.

Zbcli obfreid  ny  ny E`rillf, f tfrjit cs ckofpfoctftid. Ca tbi tfrjit cs e`ri tbfk 9 aiit fwfy ar`e E`rillf, tbi tfrjit tfgis tbi Dfsb fotc`k `k cts turk t` e`vi t`wfrd t `wfrd E`rillf ny tbi e`st dcriot r`uti. Ct d`isk–t fv`cd `pp`rtukcty fttfogs, nut nia`ri e`vckj ckt` dfefjckj tirrfck, suob fs afllckj `aa tbi olcaa, `r wbikivir ct tfgis

 Fwfrdckj  Fwfr dckj Ixpircikoi

Eultcfttfog8 E`rillf efgis tw` fttfogs8 `ki wctb bir olfws fkd `ki wctb bir +6 dfjjir . Olfws8 Eilii  Eilii Zifp`k Zifp`k Fttfog 8 +? t` bct, rifob 9 at., `ki tfrjit. Bct8 tfrjit.  Bct8 1 (>d4 + 6) slfsbckj dfefji.

1

 

F^IF 6-> ‟ TBI A^@KT D@@^_

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

Dcvcdi 6== R] iquflly fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy survcvi tbi jlypb `a wfrdckj   trfp, `r >== R] ca tbiy dcso`vir wfrdckj  trfp, tbi trfp fkd fv`cd `r dcspil  ct.  ct.

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

F^IF 6-? ‟ IKT^FKOI BFLL (^iairikoi bfkd`ut #> `k pfji 467 ^iairikoi bfkd`ut #4 `k pfji 4>)  Zbik tbi obfrfotirs `pik tbi d`unli d``rs t` tbcs obfenir,, rifd `r pfrfpbrfsi tbi a`ll`wckj8 nir

S`u fri jriitid ny f efhistco bfll, 4= aiit wcdi fkd stritobckj a`r ft lifst 9= aiit. Ti 󿬎``r cs jrfy 󿬎fjst`ki fkd tbi oiclckj fppifrs fs fk ckgy sgy o`epliti wctb twckglckj stfrs. Ti dfrg bui `acs.tbi sgy r`ws e fgis`acttbrii efgis dc﬏bixfj`kfl oult t` dcsoir dcsoirk k hust b`w bcjb tbi oiclckj w` st`ki o`lueks fri sctuftid ck tbi obfenir lifdckj t` tbi `pp`scti ikd `a tbi r``e. Ifob o`luek cs dio`rftid wctb afkocaul ikjrfvckjs di pcotckj kueir`us soikis. O`ppir-wr`ujbt O`ppir-wr`ujbt lfkt lfktirks, irks, bfkjckj  ar`e eitfl rckjs fttfobid fttfobid t` tbi o`lueks, pr` pr`vcdi vcdi 󿬎cogirckj cllueckftc`k. @k tbi `pp`scti wfll, sctuftid ck ifob o`rkir cs f 69-a``tbcjb stftui. Nitwiik tbi stftuis ofrvid `k tbi wfll cs f 󿬎`wckj pfssfji. Ti stftui t` tbi rcjbt dipcots f buefk`cd wctb tbi l`wir pfrts `a f ourvfoi`us aiefli fkd tbi uppir pfrts pfr ts `a f dilcofti sifl. _bi orfdlis f o`kob sbill b`rk ck `ki 󿬎cppir fkd f strckjf `a `rkfti buefk sifsbillsefli ck tbifd`rkid `tbir. Ti stftui r`nis, t` tbi liat dipcots sob`lfrly ck scepli wctb f n``g tuogid ukdir bcs liat fre fkd fk b`urjlfss ck bcs rcjbt bfkd. @k tbi 󿬎``r nitwiik tbi lfst tw` o`lueks cs f dfrg orces`k, orudily wrcttik pbrfsi ck f strfkji lfkjufj lfkjufji. i. Tcs cs tbi jrfkd iktrfkoi bfll t` tbi sif t`wir. @rcjckflly b`ll`wid `ut ny ir`sc`k, viry lcttli efjco wfs kiidid t` sbfpi tbi obfenir ckt` tbi r``e ct cs t`dfy. E`st `a tbi i﬍`rt wfs spikt `k tbi 󿬎``r fkd tbi o`lueks. Ti stftui t` tbi liat dipcots fk cefji `a Obr`fkus, fkd tbi stftui t` tbi rcjbt dipcots fk f k cefji `a ]ilfjcf. Ifob ofk ni cdik-

Ca trcjjirid, `ki `a tbi obfrfotirs spckkckj tbi stftui (ditirecki rfkd`ely ca e`ri tbfk `ki efdi tbi fttiept) cs ffflcotid cot id w wctb ctb f nist`w oursi spill. Ca tbi tfrjit afcls f DO 6: Zcsd`e sfvi, bi su﬍irs dcsfdvfktfji `k fll _trikjtb obiogs fkd sfvckj tbr`ws a`r tbi kixt 2 b`urs. O`lueks. Ti scx o`lueks fri o`virid wctb afkocaul ikO`lueks. Ti jrfvckjs. Fltb`ujb ft 󿬆rst jlfkoi tbiy fppifr t` ni rfkd`e pcot`jrfes, fatir f aiw eckutis– study, f pfttirk cs riviflid. Ifob `a tbi scx scdis bfs f tbiei pirtfckckj t` f pfrtcoulfr dicty.  dicty.  Fatir spikdckj f aiw eckutis, f DO 6> Cktillcjikoi (^ilcjc`k) obiog ofk ni usid t` cdiktcay tbi dicty ck quistc`k. Ti dictcis (fkd f aiw k`tis `k `k  wbft tbi pcot`jrfes dipcot) fri8 ]ilfjcf8 Cefjis ]ilfjcf8  Cefjis `a tbi sif, eusco, wbflis, fkd sbcps. Obr`fkus8  Cefjis `a f sob`lfr, efjco, ikobfkteikts, Obr`fkus8  fkd tbi pfssfji `a tcei. Dikctbfi8 Cefjis `a or`ps, plfktckj 󿬆ilds, fjrcoulturfl Dikctbfi8 Cefjis t``ls, fkd bfrvistckj. Ilyr8  Cefjis `a f stukkckj efcdik (ripiftid), fots `a Ilyr8  biflckj, fkd ncrtb. Eykf8 Cefjis `a jk`eis, luog, j``d a`rtuki, o`cks, fkd Eykf8 Cefjis jfeis `a obfkoi. Dilvyr8 Cefjis `a n``gs, lifrkckj, gk`wlidji, fkd fofdDilvyr8 Cefjis iecis. _iorit D``r. Tiri cs f siorit d``r ck tbi lfst rcjbt-bfkdscdi o`luek, nut ct bfs f spioc󿬆o trcjjir. Ikjrfvid `k tbi nfog wfll ck 󿬎`wckj O`ee`k cs tbi a`ll`wckj olui8 Zbik sbi jlfkois t`wfrd tbi sittckj suk, ]fssfji t` bir sbrcki wcll ni w`k. Acvi `a tbi o`lueks (k`t tbi `ki wctb tbi siorit d``r)

tc󿬆id wctb f DO 6= Cktillcjikoi (^ilcjc`k) obiog. Fatir cdiktcayckj tbisi stftuis, tbi ]Os fri jrfktid fdvfktfji `k fky aurtbir Cktillcjikoi (^ilcjc`k) obiogs t` cdiktcay tbi tbieis `k tbi o`lueks. Ti cllueckftc`k cs pr`vcdid ny scx o`ppir lfktirks ikobfktid wctb o`ktckufl 󿬎fei   spills, `ki bfkjckj `k ifob pcllfr.

fri e`uktid `k r`llirs, fkd fltb`ujb stc﬍, ofk ni spuk ck f ol`ogwcsi dcriotc`k. F DO 6? _trikjtb obiog (up t` a`ur ]Os ofk w`rg t`jitbir, efgckj tbcs f jr`up obiog) cs kiidid t` spck tbi o`luek t` f kiw afockj. _pckkckj tbi o`lueks cs kiidid t` trcjjir tbi `pikckj eiobfkcse a`r tbi siorit d``r t` frif 6-9.

Trfppid _tft _tftui. ui. Ti  Ti stftui `a ]ilfjcf spcks, sceclfr t` tbi o`lueks, nut riqucris f DO 69 _trikjtb obiog t` e`vi. w` obfrfotirs ofk w`rg t`jitbir (jrfktckj fdvfktfji `k tbi obiog) t` e`vi tbi stftui. Tcs cs f rid birrckj b`wivir, fs spckkckj tbi stftui t` afoi tbi wist wfll rilifsis f efjco trfp. _pckkckj tbi stftui t` afoi tbi wist trcjjirs

` `pik tbi siorit d``r, fll scx `a tbi o`lueks– surafois nifrckj fk cefji `a ]ilfjcf (fs ckdcoftid `k tbi efp ny tbi sefll “p―) eust ni afockj tbi dcriotc`k tbi suk sits8  wist. Ti o`luek wctb tbi siorit d``r d`is k`t spck, fs ]ilfjcf flrifdy afois t` tbi wist `k tbft o`luek. Zbik tbi `tbir 󿬆vi o`lueks fri spuk t` tbi o`rriot `rciktftc`k, tbi d``r slcdis `pik, riviflckj f eitfl spcrfl stfcrofsi tbft lifds t` frif 6-9.

f  jlypb `a wfrdckj ofst ny Frofdcfkus. Ti jlypb ofk ni ditiotid wctb f DO 6: Cktillcjikoi (Ckvistcjftc`k) obiog.

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

:

Ivikt #6 Tcs ivikt ofk `oour ft tbi tcei fkd plfoi `a tbi JE–s ob``sckj. Frofdcfkus wfs f div`ut a`ll`wir `a ]ilfjcf, fkd bcs diaift ft tbi bfkds `a Obflyobcf bfs k`t j`ki ukk`tcoid. ]ilfjcf efkcaists tbcs vcsc`k (sceclfr t` tbi Gk`wlidji D`efck fnclcty Qcsc`ks `a tbi ]fst) t` jcvi tbi bir`is f jlcepsi `a wbft niaill tbi wczfrd. ^ifd `r pfrfpbrfsi tbi a`ll`wckj8

S`ur vciw `a tbi bfll ol`uds, fkd nrci󿬎y afdis t` nlfog. Ck f e`eikt, tbi bfll o`eis nfog ckt` c kt` a`ous, nut y`u fri j`ki fkd siie t` `kly ni f spiotft`r spi otft`r ck tbi soiki tbft plfys `ut. Zctb tbi sczzli `a efjcofl ikirjy ikirj y, tbi st`ki d`unli d``rs 󿬎y `pik, fkd f tr``p `a buefk`cds nursts ckt` tbi iktrfkoi bfll. Ti sbfd`wy cllueckftc`k rivifls ft lifst f d`zik j`nlck-lcgi orifturis, nut ifob bfs pfli jriik sgck olfd wctb 󿬆ki, 󿬆sblcgi soflis. Ifob sp`rts jriik-nlfog bfcr pullid ckt` f kift t`pgk`t. Tiy wifr nlfog liftbir fre`r fkd nrfkdcsb wcogidly nfrnid trcdikts. Tiy afk `ut fe`kj tbi st`ki o`lueks, fktcocpftckj nfttli. Nibckd tbie, f o`k󿬆dikt 󿬆juri strcdis ckt` tbi obfenir. Bir sgck cs fs nlfog fs tbi `oifk–s diip fnyss, wctb ecdkcjbt l`kj bfcr, strifgid wctb n`ki wbcti. Nr`kzi twcstid b`rks or`wk bir bifd, afcktly ofrvid wctb ildrctob rukis. _bi wifrs f o`l`raul sclgik j`wk wctb fk `virsczid in`ky ol`fg drfpid `vir bir dilcofti sb`uldirs.  Fk`tbir 󿬆juri llctirflly ctirflly p`ps ckt` vciw ft tbi `pp`scti ikd `a tbi bfll, stfrtlckj tbi freid buefk`cds, tbicr kiog jclls 󿬎frckj ck aifr. Tcs `ki cs fk fjckj buefk efli wctb f nfldckj bifd, f arczzy nifrd, fkd eutt`k-ob`p scdinurks. Bcs tfkkid sgck cs dry fkd liftbir-lcgi fkd bi wifrs nlui-jriik r`nis. Bi rfcsis bcs stf﬍ t`wfrd tbi tbrift, fkd efjcofl ikirjy plfys for`ss cts drcatw``d surafoi. Ti obfrcseftco lifdir nrifgs fk ixpiotfkt, wry secli, fkd uttirs bir `wk ckofktftc`k. Ti rukis `k bir b`rksbuefk, s`atly nijck jl`wckj fs efjcofl lcjbtkckj dfkois ar`e bir 󿬆kjirtcps. Hust fs tbi lcjbtkckj jriidcly fros t`wfrd t`wfrd tbi sfji-lcgi tbi soiki nijcks t` dcss`lvi… Orces`k ]fssfji.  Fltb`ujb tbi wrctckj `k tbi 󿬎``r fppifrs t` ni ck nl``d, ct–s ck afot orces`k pfckt (ar`e frif ?-?). Ct wfs bfstcly sorcnid ny tbi sif psiud`drfj`k Eyrcocf fs f olui t` tbi wbirifn`uts `a `ki `a tbi a`ur bcddik wckd obcei  pciois.   pciois. Ck tbcs ofsi, ct–s f olui t` tbi o`rfl sifl l`oftid ck frif ?->. Ti pfssfji cs wrcttik ck Drfo`kco. Ct ofk ni diocpbirid fut`eftcoflly ny f obfrfotir tbft spifgs Drfo`kco, `r wctb f DO 69 Cktillcjikoi obiog. Ti pfssfji rifds8 Nibckd tbi _ifl, cs tbi _ifl. Kist. Ti o`lueks fppifr t` ni fttfobid t` tbi oiclckj, nut tbcs cs sceply fk `ptcofl cllusc`k ikbfkoid ny tbi pfcktckj `a tbi oiclckj fkd tbi t`ps `a tbi o`lueks. Ifob o`luek cs `kly >= aiit bcjb, fkd tbi oiclckj cs fk`tbir 9 aiit niy`kd. Ti o`lueks ofk ni olcenid wctb f DO 6> _trikjtb (Ftblitcos) obiog. @ki t`p `a tbi 󿬆rst o`luek `k tbi liat-bfkd scdi cs f sclg-d`ll-lcgi pcll`w pcll`w,, sbfpid lcgi f d`lpbck. F DO >= Zcsd`e (]iroiptc`k) obiog rivifls tbi sclg pcll`w ar`e tbi 󿬎``r. Tcs cs `ki `a efky sliipckj kists bcddik tbr`ujb`ut tbi sif t`wir nil`kjckj t` Eyrcocf. Ofriaul ckspiotc`k `a tbi d`ll rivifls f rioikt

2

 

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

tifr `k `ki `a tbi 󿬎cppirs. Bcddik ck tbi d`lpbck–s liat 󿬎cppir (tbi “d`ll–s “d`ll–s 󿬆k―) cs f w``dik wckd obcei, sbfpid lcgi f d`lpbck.  Fwfrdckj  Fwfr dckj Ixpircikoi Dcvcdi 6== R] fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy `pik tbi siorit d``r t` frif 6-9. Dcvcdi 69= R] iquflly fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy rio`vir tbi w``dik d`lpbck obcei.

F^IF 6-4 ‟ ILIQFT@^  Ti wist wfll `a tbi iktrfkoi bfll bfs f siorit d``r tbft ofk ni l`oftid wctb f DO 69 Zcsd`e (]iroiptc`k) obiog. Ti d``r slcdis t` tbi rcjbt t` rivifl f 6=-a``t-ny-6=-a``t se``tb sbfat, j`ckj d`wk.  F pirefkikt ckvcscnli a`roi dcso cs usid fs fk ilivft`r t` fooiss frifs 6-?, >-6, fkd ?-6. Ourriktly Ourriktly,, tbi a`roi d dcso cso cs ristckj ft frif >-6 (9= aiit nil`w), wbcob eifks ukliss tbi obfrfotirs 󿬆juri `ut b`w t` fotcvfti ct, pr`jriss t` frif ?-6 cs nl`ogid. Ti a`roi dcso cs k`t fk ixfot 󿬆t ck tbi sbfat, nut `kly cky orifturis (suob fs Eyrcocf) ofk squiizi tbr`ujb t` tbi n`tt`e. L`oftid `k tbi rcjbt-bfkd scdi `a tbi tbrisb`ld fri spill rioiptfolis tbft p`wir tbi a`roi dcso– dcso–ss e`vieikt. @k tbi

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

tbrisb`ld `utscdi `a frif 6-?, tbiri cs f sckjli sfppbcri (tbi a`roi dcso ofk `kly j` d`wk). d `wk). @k tbi tbrisb`ld `utscdi `a frif >-6, tbiri cs f sfppbcri fkd f runy (tbi a`roi dcso ofk j` up `r d`wk). Ackflly Ackflly,, `k tbi tbrisb`ld `utscdi `a frif ?-6, tbiri cs hust f runy (tbi a`roi dcso ofk `kly ` kly j` up). Ti jies fri ifob w`rtb 9== jp fkd ofk ni prcid `ut wctb f DO >= Dixtircty obiog. Afcluri ckdcoftis f eck`r rilifsi `a frofki ikirjy ofusckj 9 (6d1 + >) a`roi dfefji, ruckckj tbi jie.  F DO 69tbiCktillcjikoi obiog riqucrid t` ditirecki aukotc`k `a(Frofkf) tbi jies. Ti csa`roi dcso ofk ni fotcvftid ny ofstckj fky frofki spill (ivik f ofktrcp) ckt` tbi fppr`prcfti spill rioiptfoli (sfppbcri t` j` d`wk, `r runy t` j` up). Ct tfgis fn`ut 6 eckuti a`r tbi dcso t` trfvil up `r d`wk nitwiik livils. @kly f rioiptfoli wctb tbi a`roi dcso kifrny (`k cts livil) ofk ni fotcvftid. @tbirwcsi tbi spill cs wfstid. _ckoi tbi a`roi dcso stfrts ft frif >-6, tbi ]Os kiid t` jit d`wk t` ct nia`ri tbiy ofk fotcvfti ct.  Fwfrdckj  Fwf rdckj Ixpircikoi Dcvcdi >== R] iquflly fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy ditirecki b`w tbi a`roi dcso w`rgs fkd usi ct t` fooiss tbi l`wir livils.

F^IF 6-9 ‟ ]ILFJCF–_ _B^CKI (^iairikoi bfkd`ut #9 `k pfji 4?)  Zbik tbi ]Os olcen tbi spcrfl stfcrofsi fkd `pik tbi d``r, rifd `r pfrfpbrfsi tbi a`ll`wckj8

Ti stc﬍ st`ki d``r jr`fks ck pr`tist fs ct pusbis `utwfrd. S`u fri jriitid ny f nlfst `a nrcsg sflty fcr, fkd nrcjbt suksbcki. ]iirckj tbr`ujb tbi tbrisb`ld, y`u jlfkoi up`k tbi wckdswipt t`p `a tbi r`ogy pcllfr. Ti d``r cs arfeid ck fk`tbir st`ki o`luek, fppfriktly `ki `a sivirfl ir`did e`k`lctbco st`kis sctuftid ck f orudi ocroli. Ft tbi oiktir `a tbi ocroli cs f 6=-a``t-l`kj st`ki fltfr obcsillid ckt` tbi sbfpi `a f orudi orfn, wctb cts lijs fkd efsscvi pckobirs tuogid ukdirkiftb. ` tbi rcjbt, fk ceeiksi, 69-a``t-l`kj se``tb w``dik b`rk n`ukd ck tfrkcsbid o`ppir nfkds cs e`uktid `k f w``dik n`x-lcgi stfkd. Ti ikd `a tbi b`rk cs kifr tbi idji `a tbi pcllfr, fkd tbi dck `a o`kstfkt orfsbckj `a tbi wfvis ofk ni bifrd nil`w. Tcs l`oftc`k cs ckdiid sctuftid `k tbi viry t`p `a tbi st`ki pcllfr, fkd tbus cs `pik t` tbi aury `a tbi ilieikts.  Frofdcfkus bfs o`kvirtid tbi t`p t` fk `pik-fcr sbrcki didcoftid t` bcs pftr`k, ]ilfjcf. Ti e`k`lctbs fri ifob nitwiik 69 fkd >= aiit bcjb, r`ujbly bixfj`kfl ck sbfpi, fkd oriftid ny st`ki   spills.  spills. Tiy fri flrifdy w`rk sbfpi  se``tb ny tbi o`kstfkt sflt-ikorustid wckds tbft nu﬍it tbi pcllfr-t`p. Iviry 9d4 eckutis tbi sbrcki cs nftbid ck tbi s``tbckj s`ukd `a wbfli s`kj a`r fn`ut 6 eckuti. Ti st`ki e`k`lctb ol`sist t` tbi b`rk cs fttukid vcf f olfcrv`yfkoi   (fudcnli) i﬍iot t` f sceclfr st`ki e`k`lctb `﬍ tbi o`fst sivirfl bukdrid aiit, l`oftid `k tbi sifnid. Ti b`rk cs lcgiwcsi ikobfktid. Ca nl`wk (“tbi rit`rtckj wfcl―), tbi s`ukd cs fls` trfksairrid t` tbi e`k`lctb `k tbi sifnid. Ca tbi fltfr (wbcob cs sbfpid lcgi f sbfei-afoi orfn, f orustfoifk ofk a`ld pckobirs fkd lijs up fjfckst cts n`dy) cstbft nlissid ny f cts olirco `a ]ilfjcf (ft fky tcei), `r tbi b`rk cs nl`wk ck risp`ksi t` wbfli s`kj (wctbck 6 eckuti), tbi olirco `r b`rk nl`wir cs jrfktid f eck`r nlissckj ar`e ]ilfjcf. Ti obfrfotir ofk rir`ll fky `ki d>= r`ll `koi ck tbi kixt >4 b`urs. Ti risults `a tbi sio`kd r`ll eust ni gipt. @kly `ki obfrfotir ofk rioicvi tbcs nlissckj ft f tcei. Orces`k ]fssfji. Eyrcocf bfs liat fk`tbir olui (tbcs `ki t` tbi obcei bcddik ck frif 6-?) biri sorcnnlid ck sl`ppy Drfo`kco orces`k pfckt `k `ki `a tbi e`k`lctbs. Fjfck, ct fppifrs t` ni sorcnid ck nl``d, nut ol`si ckvistcjftc`k rivifls ct cs `kly pfckt. F obfrfotir tbft ofk rifd Drfo`kco ofk dcsoirk tbi eifkckj `a tbi pfssfji7 `tbirwcsi f DO 69 Cktillcjikoi obiog cs kiidid. Ti pfssfji rifds8

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

3

Ck tbi d`ll–s st  d`ll–s  st k, k,

_ZF^E @A O^FN_ (>)

cs tbi D`lpbck.

 Eidcue swfre swfre `a Tck Tckyy nifsts, ukflcj ukflcjkid  kid 

B`rk _tfkd. Ti _tfkd. Ti w``dik stfkd tbft b`lds tbi efsscvi b`rk bfs f riotfkjulfr nfsi fn`ut 2 aiit l`kj ny 4 aiit  wcdi fkd > aiit bcjb. Zctb f DO 69 Zcsd`e (]i (]iroiproiptc`k) obiog, f obfrfotir ofk l`ofti f hfjjid pcioi tbft p`ps `﬍ `ki scdi `a tbi n`x, oriftid ny Eyrcocf–s tiitb fkd olfws. Ckscdi tbi b`ll`w cs f sclg nlfkgit kist usid ny tbi psiud`drfj`k fs f bcddik ritrift. Ykliss tbi w``dik n`x cs distr`yid (ct bfs 6= bct p`ckts), f obfrfotir kiids t` rifob ckt` tbi b`ll`w t` aiil fr`ukd. Zctb f DO 6? Dixtircty (_licjbt `a Bfkd) obiog, f sclvir wbfli obcei pcioi ofk ni ritrcivid.

Bct ]`ckts8 >> (9d2) _piid8 >= at., olcen >= at., swce >= at. _T^ ? (-4)

DIR  O@K CKT 6? (+6) 6= (+=) 6 (-9)

ZC_ : (->)

OBF 6 (-9)

Dfefji ^iscstfkois8 nludji`kckj, pcirockj, slfsbckj O`kdctc`k Ceeukctcis8  obfreid, arcjbtikid,  pfrflyzid, pitrcstid, pr`ki, ristrfckid, stukkid _iksis8 pfsscvi ]iroiptc`k 2

_iorit O`epfrteikt. Ti fltfr bfs f siorit o`epfrteikt, nut tbi bftob cs l`oftid `k tbi orfn–s fnd`eik.  Fltb`ujb ifsy t` l`ofti wctb f DO 6= Zcsd`e (]iroiptc`k) obiog, `pikckj tbi o`epfrteikt riqucris f DO 61 Dixtircty obiog, nut `kly fatir f DO >= _trikjtb obiog,  wbcob cs kiidid t` pr`p tbi fltfr `k cts scdi a`r fooiss. _ivirfl obfrfotirs ofk fsscst wctb tbcs _trikjtb obiog, efgckj tbcs f jr`up obiog, fkd ca tbi obfrfotirs usi f

Lfkjufjis8 -

eitfl p`li `r f sw`rd a`r jit fdvfktfji `k tbi obiog. Fttieptckj t` livirfji, fooiss tbitbiy o`epfrteikt wctb`ut sfyckj tbi nlissckj “@k ]ilfjcf–s _wiit Q`coi― fkceftis tbi fltfr ckt` f st`ki orfn fkd orfn fkd trcjjirs tbi o`khuri  trfp. fkcefls  trfp.

swfre ofk–t rijfck bct p`ckts `r jfck tiep`rfry bct  p`ckts.

Ckscdi tbi o`epfrteikt cs f prfyir n``g `a ]ilfjcf (w`rtb 9= jp) wrfppid ck f pcioi `a nlui vilvit. Ca tbi n``g cs studcid a`r fn`ut fk b`ur, ct jrfkts fdvfktfji t` fky Cktillcjikoi (^ilcjc`k) obiogs rijfrdckj ]ilfjcf. Fls` ck tbi o`epfrteikt cs f piwtir ruki-ikjrfvid ofkdilfnrue wctb a`ur fres, fkd f eftobckj piwtir bfkdlid nft`k sit wctb sivirfl pckg pifrls. Ti tw` pciois fri w`rtb 6,49= jp, nut ca tbi a` a`ur ur ecssc ecssckj kj obceis fri f﬏ xid t` tbi fres tbi ctie nio`eis tbi wckd obcei `a ]ilfjcf , f ukcqui obcei `a `pikckj. Ti fssienlid wckd obcei  ofk   ofk fls` ni usid t` `pik Frofdcfkus– siouri obist  (ourriktly   (ourriktly ck frif 4-?), ca tbi obceis fri struog ck tbi pr`pir `rdir.

Olfws8  Eilii Zifp`k Fttfog8  +? t` bct, rifob = at., `ki tfrjit ck swfre–s swfre–s spfoi. Bct8 spfoi. Bct8 6=  6= (4d4) nludji`kckj dfefji, `r 9 (>d4) nludji`kckj dfefji ca tbi swfre cs ft bfla cts bct p`ckts `r aiwir.

Trfp. Ca fotcvftid, `k cts 󿬆rst tw` turks, tbi st`ki orfn uka`lds cts lijs fkd cts sbill ukbckjis, dcsj`rjckj tw` swfres `a orfns, orfns, `ki ifob turk. Ti swfres lfst a`r 6 b`ur, `r uktcl riduoid t` = bct p`ckts, `r uktcl dcspillid  wctb f dcspil efjco  fut`eftcoflly  fut`eftcoflly (fltb`ujb ifob spill `kly tfrjits `ki swfre). Ti swfres e`vi t` `virwbile tfrjits, wbcli tbi fkceftid st`ki orfn fttfogs rfkd`e tfrjits fttieptckj t` jrfppli wctb cts pckobirs. Zbik diaiftid, tbi st`ki orfn a`lds nfog up, fkd cts ikobfkteikt oifsis, fkd tbi obfrfotirs ofk fooiss tbi siorit o`epfrteikt. 6=

 

FO8 6? (kfturfl fre`r)

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

Obfllikji8 6/> (6== R]) Fepbcnc`us8 F swfre `a orfns ofk nriftbi fcr fkd wftir. _wfre8  Tbi swfre ofk `ooupy fk`tbir orifturi–s spfoi fkd vcoi virsf, fkd tbi swfre ofk e`vi tbr`ujb fky `pikckj lfrji ik`ujb a`r f Tcky orifturi. Tbi

 FOTC@K_ 

 F sgcttirckj efss `a drfn jriik orfns n`cls a`rtb  ar`e tbi st`ki idc  stoi.   stoi. Oirulifk idjid olfws skfp ck fktcocpftc`k.

FKCEFTID _T@KI O^FN  Lfrjii o`kstruot, uk  Lfrj ukflcjkid  flcjkid 

FO8 62 (kfturfl fre`r) Bct ]`ckts8 9= (1d6= + 6>) _piid8 >= at. _T^ DIR  O@K CKT 62 (+4) 6= (+=) 69 (+>) 6 (-9)

ZC_ ? (-4)

OBF 6 (-9)

Dfefji ^iscstfkois8  pcirockj fkd slfsbckj ar`e k`kefjcofl wifp`ks Dfefji Ceeukctcis8 p`cs`k, psyobco O`kdctc`k Ceeukctcis8  nlckdid, obfreid, difaikid,

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

ixbfustc`k, arcjbtikid, pfrflyzid, pitrcstid, p`cs`kid _iksis8 nlckdscjbt 1= at., pfsscvi ]iroiptc`k ]iroiptc`k 1 Lfkjufjis8  Obfllikji8 > (49= R]) Fktcefjco _usoiptcnclcty8  Tbi st`ki orfn cs ckofpfoctftid wbcli ck fk frif `a fk fktcefjco fktcefjco  st   stild  ild . Ca tfrjitid ny dcspil efjco, efjco, tbi st`ki orfn eust suooiid `k f O`kstctutc`k sfvckj tbr`w fjfckst tbi ofstir–s

spill sfvi DO `r afll uko`ksoc`us a`r 6 eckuti. Aflsi Fppifrfkoi8  Zbcli tbi st`ki orfn riefcks e`tc`kliss, ct cs ckdcstckjucsbfnli ar`e f st`ki fltfr   FOTC@K_ Eultcfttfog8 Tbi fkceftid st`ki orfn efgis tw` eilii fttfogs. Olfw8 Eilii Zifp`k Zifp`k Fttfog8 Fttfog8 +1 t` bct , rifob 9 at., `ki tfrjit. Bct8 2 (6d2 + 4) nludji`kckj dfefji, fkd tbi tfrjit cs jrfpplid (isofpi DO 6?). Tbi st`ki orfn bfs tw` olfws, ifob `a wbcob ofk jrfppli `kly `ki tfrjit.

Tbi st`ki fltfr e`rpbs ckt` f orudily-sbfpid orfn o`epliti wctb pckobirs fkd lijs tbft a`ld kiftly ukdir cts `v`cd n`dy.

 Fwfrdckj  Fwf rdckj Ixpircikoi Dcvcdi 19= R] iquflly fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy diaift tbi fkceftid st`ki orfn fkd tbi tw` swfres `a orfns. Dcvcdi 69= R] iquflly fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy rio`vir tbi sclvir wbfli obcei.

o`rfl spcris `a fk ukdirwftir octy. ` tbi liat `a tbi tfpistry cs f efsscvi, 6=-a``t dcfeitir t``tby efw `a f sbfrg hfw7 kistlid ckscdi cksc di cs f se``tb st` st`ki ki wfll.  `` tbi rcjbt fkd li liat, at, fn`ut 4 aiit `﬍ tbi 󿬎``r 󿬎``r,, fri eitfl livirs cckk tbi uprcjbt p`sctc`k. F nlfog cr`k obfck dfkjlis ck ar`kt `a tbi efw, dcsfppifrckj ckt` f 6-ckob-dcfeitir b`li ck tbi oiclckj. Fl`kj tbi s`utb wfll fri tbrii buefk`cd stftuis, dipcotckj fquftco a`lg. ` tbi rcjbt `a tbisi stftuis cs f will-usid dfrt n`frd, cts pcttid surafoi tbi lfkdckj plfoi a`r kueir`us 󿬎itobid dfrts.  Frofdcfkus wfs a`kd `a trifsuris fkd ukcqui cties, ispi ispi-ocflly tb`si rilftid t` bcs pftr`k dicty dicty,, `r hust ``aa f kfutcofl tbiei. Efky wiri plukdirid ar`e vfrc`us sbcpwriogs, f b`nny tbi wczfrd usid t` aukd bcs ixpikscvi risifrob. Bi oriftid tbcs bfll t` dcsplfy tbisi trifsuris, fkd w`uld spikd b`urs ck tbi r``e jfwgckj ft bcs wfris, `r obfttckj wctb juists `k tbi `rcjck `r st`ry `a ifob pcioi. Tfpistry. Ti tfpistry `k tbi afr wfll dipcots fk fotufl Tfpistry. Ti eira`lg octy ofllid Lctt`rcf, l`oftid fn`ut 69 eclis t` tbi k`rtb. Ti tfpistry cs kifrly >= aiit l`kj fkd 6= aiit bcjb, fkd ifscly ifsc ly w`rtb >,9== jp. B`wivir B`wivir,, ct wicjbs kifrly 69= p`ukds, fkd wbik r`llid up ct–s stcll 6= aiit l`kj fkd > aiit ck dcfeitir. Nibckd tbi tfpistry cs fk`tbir olui pfcktid `k tbi wfll ck Drfo`kco wctb orces`k pfckt. Ct ofk ni rifd ny f obfrfotir tbft ofk spifg Drfo`kco, `r trfkslftid wctb f DO 69 Cktillcjikoi obiog. Ti pfssfji rifds8

F^IF >-6 ‟ T^@]BS ^@@E (^iairikoi bfkd`ut #? `k pfji 4=7 ^iairikoi bfkd`ut #1 `k pfji 447 ^iairikoi bfkd`ut #: `k pfji 497 ^iairikoi bfkd`ut #2 `k pfji 41) Ti a`roi dcso ck tbi ilivft`r sbfat cs ristckj ft tbcs obfenir, nl`ogckj pfssfji nil`w. Zbik tbi ]Os iktir tbi obfenir,, rifd `r pfrfpbrfsi tbi a`ll`wckj8 obfenir

Ti st`ki d``r slcdis `pik t` rivifl tbi s`at jl`w `a f will-lct bfll, pirbfps 1= aiit l`kj fkd 49 aiit wcdi. Ti oiclckj cs se``tb fkd l`w, k` e`ri tbfk 69 aiit bcjb. Ti obfenir fppifrs t` ni f eusiue `r tr`pby r``e. Kueir`us pidistfls fri softtirid fn`ut ck ar`kt `a tbi k`rtb wfll. Ifob b`lds f kfutcoflly-tbieid frtcafot up`k cts surafoi. Ti k`rtb wfll ctsila cs fd`rkid wctb kueir`us nlifob-wbcti sbfrg hfws, k` tw` tbi `pp`scti sfei sbfpi e`uktid tfpistry `k w``dik plfofrds. @k tbi wfll`rcssczi, fk ilfn`rfti dipcotckj tbi ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

66

Nil`w tbi rit`rtckj wfcl,

• F kfrwbfl b`rk, kifrly 2 aii aiitt l`kj (w`rtb >>9 jp).

t` rio`vir tbi Zbfli.

Efw.  Zbik tbi ]Os fppr`fob tbi lfrji t``tby efw, Efw.  rifd `r pfrfpbrfsi tbi a`ll`wckj8

_tftuis. Ti tbrii stftuis dipcot tbrii fquftco buefk`cds. Zbcli afockj tbie, tbi stftui `k tbi liat dipcots f kcxci (f _efll, aiefli, aiy-lcgi ila) wctb sifwiid o`virckj fll tbi rcjbt plfois. Ti ecddli stftui dipcots f l`oftbfb (Eidcue-sczid 󿬆sb-lcgi buefk`cd) nut wctb f sw`rd󿬆sb bifd, lifkckj `k f trcdikt. Ti lfst cs f bcpp`ofepus (f Lfrji fquftco b`rsi wctb soflid, 󿬆sb-lcgi bckdqufrtirs). Ti orfatsefksbcp `k ifob stftui cs ixqucscti, niofusi tbiy fri k`t wr`ujbt ny obcsil fkd bfkd. Ifob wfs f rifl orifturi, pitrc󿬆id ny tbi vcsfji `a fk fquftco eidusf, riolfceid ar`e bir lfcr efky yifrs fj`. Ti l`oftbfb ofrrcis f sbiftbid sb`rtsw`rd `k cts bfrkiss. Cts o`rfl p`eeil o`koifls tbi afot ct– ct–ss fk fotufl sw`rd s w`rd tbft ofk ni rie`vid, k`tcoid wctb f DO 69 Zcsd`e (]iroiptc`k) obiog. ob iog. Zctb ss`ei `ei dc﬏ oulty, ct ofk ni rie`vid. Cts se``tb 4-ckob-wcdi o`ppir nlfdi s`atly jl`ws wctb efjcofl rfdcfkoi. Fltb`ujb tbi o`ppir fppifrs arfjcli, ct–s fotuflly f +6 sb`rtsw`rd . Fls` tuogid ckt` tbi st`ki sofns ofnnfrd cs tbi o`ppir sw`rd󿬆sb wckd obcei, wbcob o`eis `ut wctb tbi sw`rd (bikoi tbi tcjbt tc jbt 󿬆t). Dfrt N`frd. Frofdcfkus N`frd. Frofdcfkus ikh`yid tbr`wckj dfrts fkd tbi tfrjit bfkjckj `k tbi wfll sp`rts kueir`us pcts ar`e b`urs `a usi. A`ur dfrts wctb jriik 󿬎itobckj fkd slcviritobid sbfats rist ck tbi tfrjit. Nut e`st nfr󿬎cis gk`w tbft f sit `a dfrts o`eprcsis `kly tbrii. @ki `a tbi dfrts (f slcjbtly dc﬍irikt o`l`r jriik 󿬎itobckj fkd wrfppid ck nr`wk-jrfy liftbir) cs fotuflly f qucll pik nurcid ckt` tbi tfrjit, k`tcoid wctb f DO 69 Zcsd`e (]iroiptc`k) obiog. Tcs cs tbi qucll kiidid t` trfkslfti tbi pfssfjis `a Frofdcfkus– dcfry, a`ukd ck frif ?-6. Ti `tbir tbrii dfrts fri o`kscdirid bcjb quflcty fkd fri w`rtb 29 jp fs f sit. Dcsplfy Cties.  Cties.  Ti a`ll`wckj cties fri `k dcsplfy `k tbi plfta`res ar`e rcjbt t` liat. Ifob ctie cs jluid t` tbi plfta`re wctb s`viricjk jlui . Ti JE cs iko`urfjid t` discjk `tbir cktiristckj cties ca discrid. Ca fky `a tbi cties fri t`uobid, tbi fkceftid sbfrg hfws lifp hfws lifp `﬍ tbi  wfll fkd fttfog wctb f 󿬎urry `a skfppckj hfws.

Kixt t` f livir cs f r`w `a 󿬆vi st`ki tclis, ifob fn`ut 1 ckobis c kobis squfri. Ti tclis fri sit ck f w``dik arfei, wctb fk iepty sl`t fn`vi tbi r`w, fkd tw` iepty sl`ts nil`w tbi r`w, t` tbi rcjbt fkd liat `a tbi oiktir. Ct fppifrs tbi tclis ofk ni slcd ckt` dc﬍irikt o`k󿬆jurftc`ks. Ifob tcli nifrs f dc﬍irikt orudi  pcoturi. Ar`e Ar`e liat t` rcjbt tbiy dipcot8 f llfrji frji 󿬆sb, f buefk b`ldckj f spifr, f sob``l `a sefll 󿬆sb, f ar`kd `a sifwiid, fkd f sbfrg. Fn`vi tbi arfei cs f pfssfji wrcttik ck fk `nsouri t`kjui. Ti jcfkt sbfrg hfw o`eis ar`e f eijfl`d`k, fk ceeiksi pribcst`rco sbfrg fn`ut 2= aiit l`kj. Ckscdi tbi sbfrg hfw cs f siorit d``r tbft ofk ni dcso`virid wctb f DO 6= Zcsd`e (]iroiptc`k) obiog, nut `pikckj tbi d``r ckv`lvis s`lvckj f slcdi puzzli. Ti pfssfji cs wrcttik ck _ylvfk, wbcob ofk ni diocpbirid ny f obfrfotir tbft spifgs _ylvfk `r wctb f DO 69 Cktillcjikoi obiog. Ti wrcttik pfssfji cs f (ecslifdckj) olui t` s`lvi tbi puzzli. Fltb`ujb tbi obfrfotirs ecjbt tbckg ct riairs t` tbi nlfog tbfta``d dfkjlis ar`e tbi oiclckj, ct fotuflly riairs t` fkobfck `oifkco obfck. Ct rifds8 Tbi obfck cs tbi giy. Ti nlfog cr`k obfck rfdcftis afckt cllusc`k efjco. Ti obfck cs k`t efjcofl, nut ca t`uobid, ct rilifsis f efjco e`utb tbft sfys8  K`t tbcs obfck, tbi `tbir `ki!  Ti obfck cs fttfobid t` f nill sctuftid `utscdi tbi sif t`wir.. Ca tbi obfrfotirs pull tbi obfck, tbiy bifr f nill`wt`wir ckj j`kj tbft cs efjcoflly ikbfkoid. Tcs flirts E`rillf ck bir lfcr (frif >-?), wb` bfs `rdirs t` ckvistcjfti fkd fttfog fky`ki `pikckj tbi d``r t` tbi wckdckj pfssfji d`wk. ` bilp tbie s`lvi tbi puzzli, pr`vcdi f o`py `a ]lfyir Bfkd`ut #2. Out `ut tbi tclis wctb socss`rs fkd frrfkji tbie ck tbi arfei foo`rdckj t` tbi dcfjrfe nil`w. Ti littir giy t` tbi dcfjrfe fppifrs nil`w fs will. Tik bfvi tbi plfyirs usi tbi bfkd`ut t` bilp tbie s`lvi tbi puzzli.

• F nrfss spyjlfss ikjrfvid wctb tbi w`rds “B`rftcf _fltb`rk―― (w`rtb 6,>9= jp). _fltb`rk • Fe efstirw`rg fstirw`rg bfrp``k bifd ofrvid ar`e f sif sirpikt n`ki (w`rtb 4== jp). • F piwtir sixtfkt (w`rtb 99= jp). • F sclvir lfktirk ikocrolid wctb drcatw``d-ofrvid eirefcds (w`rtb :== jp). 6>

 

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

O

I

N

F

D

 F. _ifwiid

ixbfustc`k, arcjbtikid, pfrflyzid, pitrcstid, p`cs`kid

N. _ob``l `a sefll 󿬆sb

_iksis8 nlckdscjbt 1= at., pfsscvi ]iroiptc`k 1

O. Lfrji 󿬆sb

Lfkjufjis8 Obfllikji8 6/4 (9= R])

D. _bfrg  I. Buefk _`lvckj tbi ]uzzli. Ti ]uzzli. Ti d``r cs ifsy t` ditiot, nut ofk `kly ni `pikid ca tbi obfrfotirs slcdi tbi tclis ck tbi pr`pir (F, N, O, D, fkd I) `rdir. Ti `rdir ri󿬎iots fk `oifkco a``d obfck. Frofdcfkus wfs a`kd `a suob nc`l`jcofl puzzlis. Ti nijckkckj `a tbi a``d obfck cs tbi sifwiid,  wbcob tbi sefll sob``l `a 󿬆sb ifts. Ti lfrji 󿬆sb ifts tbi sob``l `a sefll 󿬆sb, wbcli tbi sbfrg ifts tbi lfrji 󿬆sb. Ti buefk cs tbi fpix pridft`r, fkd wctb f spifr, ofk bukt fkd ift tbi sbfrg. F obfrfotir ofk fttiept f DO 69 Cktillcjikoi (Kfturi) obiog t` jit f olui tbft tbi puzzli ckv`lvis f a``d obfck. ]ullckj tbi livirs d`wk ft tbi sfei tcei `piks tbi d``r. Ca tbi tclis fri ck tbi pr`pir `rdir (F tbr`ujb I), tbi d``r sfaily `piks. Ca tbi livirs fri pullid nia`ri e`vckj tbi tclis, `r tbi tclis fri k`t ck tbi pr`pir `rdir, tbi trfp cs trcjjirid, ukliss 󿬆rst dcsfnlid wctb f DO >> Dixtircty obiog. K`ti tbft tbi livirs ofk ni pullid wctb f r`pi `r f efji bfkd  spill  spill ar`e f sfai dcstfkoi t` fv`cd tbi hfws. Eijfl`d`k Hfw Trfp. Ca Trfp. Ca tbi trfp cs trcjjirid, f tfrjit ck tbi 9-a``t squfri ck ar`kt `a tbi d``r eust efgi f DO 64 Dixtircty sfvckj tbr`w tbr`w.. Afcluri ckdcoftis 6= (>d2 + 6) slfsbckj dfefji fkd tbi tfrjit cs ristrfckid fs tbi hfws l`og afst `k tbi tfrjit. Ft tbi stfrt `a ifob `a tbi tfrjit–s turks, bi tfgis 9 (6d2 + 6) slfsbckj dfefji uktcl rilifsid.  F DO 69 _trikjtb _trikjtb obiog (tw` obfrfoti obfrfotirs rs ofk fsscst) cs riqucrid t` arii tbi ristrfckid tfrjit. _uooiss `k tbi sfvckj tbr`w ofusis 9 (6d2 + 6) slfsbckj dfefji fkd tbi tfrjit cs k`t ristrfckid.

FKCEFTID _BF^G HFZ (2) Tcky o`kstruot, ukflcjkid 

FO8 6? Bct ]`ckts8 6= (?d4 + ?) _piid8  6= at. _T^ DIR  O@K CKT 6= (+=) 61 (+?) 6> (+6) 6 (-9)

ZC_ ? (-4)

OBF 6 (-9)

Dfefji Ceeukctcis8 p`cs`k, psyobco O`kdctc`k Ceeukctcis8  nlckdid, obfreid, difaikid,

Fktcefjco _usoiptcnclcty8  Tbi fkceftid sbfrg hfw cs ckofpfoctftid wbcli ck fk frif `a fk fktcefjco fktcefjco  st   stild  ild . Ca tfrjitid ny dcspil efjco, efjco, tbi fkceftid sbfrg hfw eust suooiid `k f O`kstctutc`k sfvckj tbr`w fjfckst tbi

ofstir–s spill sfvi DO `r afll uko`ksoc`us a`r 6 eckuti. Aflsi Fppifrfkoi8  Zbcli tbi fkceftid sbfrg hfw riefcks e`tc`kliss, ct cs ckdcstckjucsbfnli ar`e f k`refl sbfrg hfw.  FOTC@K_ Ncti8  Eilii Eilii Zifp`k Zifp`k Fttfog8 +9 Fttfog8 +9 t` bct, rifob 9 at., `ki tfrjit. Bct8 tfrjit.  Bct8 9  9 (6d4 + ?) pcirockj dfefji.

_ivirfl n`ki-wbcti sbfrg hfws fd`rkid wctb r`ws `a trcfkjulfr sirrftid tiitb dr`p ar`e tbi wfll, skfppckj ft y`ur aiit.

 Fwfrdckj Ixpircikoi  Fwfrdckj Dcvcdi 4== R] iquflly fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy diaift tbi fkceftid sbfrg hfws. Dcvcdi 69= R] iquflly fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy rio`vir tbi o`ppir sw`rd󿬆sb obcei. Dcvcdi >== R] iquflly fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy survcvi tbi eijfl`d`k hfw trfp. Dcvcdi ?== R] iquflly fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy s`lvi tbi puzzli, `r fv`cd tbi eijfl`d`k hfw trfp ny usckj efji bfkd  `r  `r fk`tbir eitb`d.

F^IF >-> ‟ TBI ZCKDCKJ ]FTB Ti siorit d``r ck frif >-6 o`koifls f 9-a``t-bcjb, 69-a``t-l`kj o`rrcd`r t` fk`tbir d``r. Tcs d``r cs `a k`refl st`ki fkd cs nfrrid, nut ofk ifscly ni `pikid ar`e tbcs scdi. Niy`kd tbcs d``r cs f wckdckj pftb `a  w`rgid st`ki tbft iviktuflly lifds t` frif 4-4. ^ifd `r pfrfpbrfsi tbi a`ll`wckj8

Zctb surprcsckj ifsi tbi st`ki d``r swckjs `pik, nftbckj  y`ur jr`up ck kfturfl lcjbt fkd f nctckj, sflty nriizi. F trifobir`us pftb `a r`ujbly biwk stips, k` e`ri tbfk 9 aiit wcdi, aflls fwfy t` tbi rcjbt. Ct fppifrs t` eifkdir fl`kj tbi olc﬍ afoi a`r qucti s`ei tcei. Nil`w Nil`w,, ft lifst 69= aiit d`wk, cs tbi ukriliktckj orfsb `a tbi sura `k tbi olc﬍ wflls. Ca tbi obfrfotirs pullid tbi obfck ck frif >-6, E`rillf (ca k`t flrifdy diaiftid) cs b`virckj kifrny, fkd fttfogs tbi

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

6?

Ivikt #> Tcs vcsc`k cs fls` pr`vcdid ny ]ilfjcf (fs pir Ivikt #6), fkd pr`vcdis f jlcepsi `a Obflyobcf–s ofpturi `a tbi _bfd`wst`ki  fkd   fkd f bckt `a Frofdcfkus– afti. ^ifd `r pfrfpbrfsi tbi a`ll`wckj8

@koi fjfck, tbi olfrcty `a tbi r``e dfepiks t` jrfynlfog. Fatir f e`eikt, y`u fri jriitid ny fk cktfkjcnli soiki. Ckt` f dfrg wctb kfturfl wflls slcog wctb e`csturi fkd fljfi,ofvirk, strcdis fk ukusufl pr`oissc`k tbr`ujb gkii-diip wftir. Ft tbi ar`kt cs tbi seclckj b`rkid dr`wcsb aiefli, bir j`wk k`w sckjid ar`e efjcofl ikirjy, fkd bir ofpi cs sbriddid riviflckj a`ldid wckjs olckjckj t` bir nfog. Bir jfct cs ifsy fs sbi wflgs `k tbi plfocd surafoi `a tbi dfrg wftir. Ti buefk`cds t`cl tbr`ujb tbi wftir, sivirfl b`ldckj b`ldck j r`pis f﬏ xid t` f efs efsscvi scvi 6>-a 6>-a``t``tl`kj ckgy nlfog slfn `a p`lcsbid r`og. Ti efsscvi st`ki cs f󿬎`ft vcf efjco, fkd tbi r`pi b`ldirs fri eirily jucdckj ct. _ivirfl e`ri buefk`cds nrckj up tbi rifr, sp`rtckj vfrc`us w`ukds fkd s`liek vcsfjis. @ki nruti ofrrcis tbi uke`vckj a`re `a tbi `ld wczfrd olfd ck nlui-jriik r`nis, slukj `vir bcs sb`uldir lcgi f sfog `a jrfck…

obfrfotirs, lcgily wctb surprcsi. _bi usis nlfdi wfrd , bir Lurckj _`kj fnclcty, fkd 󿬆ri n`lt  fs  fs kiidid.  Frofdcfkus efcktfckid tbcs fs fk isofpi r`uti. Ti d``r puzzli w`uld dilfy fky pursuct l`kj ik`ujb a`r bce t` efgi ct t` tbcs l`oftc`k fkd ofst f  󿬎y   `r `r tilip`rt  spill   spill t` efgi j``d bcs isofpi. Ti pftb wckds cts wfy fll tbi wfy d`wk t` tbi wftir–s surafoi (frif 4-4). Fltb`ujb f bfrr`wckj h`urkiy, ct–s sfai fs l`kj fs f obfrfotir tfgis bcs tcei. O`enft `k tbi ukivik stips cs f dc﬍irikt efttir.  Ft tbi stfrt `a ifob turk ck o`enft, f obfrfotir kiids t` efgi f DO 6> Dixtircty (For`nftcos) obiog. Afcluri ckdcoftis tbi obfrfotir bfs afllik pr`ki fkd bcs bc s turk cs `vir. Afcluri ny 9 `r e`ri risults ck f slcp `﬍ tbi pftb fkd f DO 6> _trikjtb obiog cs kiidid t` jrfn b`ld `a f lidji, `tbirwcsi tbi tfrjit plueeits ckt` tbi sif nil`w nil`w,, tfgckj := (>=d1) nludji`kckj dfefji.

Bcddik Kist. Eyrcocf Kist. Eyrcocf bcd f kist biri, t``, ck `rdir t` ikh`y tbi sura tbi liat `oofsc`kfl ofle cssuksit. _ctuftid 2 aiit fn`vi fkdfkd t` tbi `a tbi lidji f kfturfl sbila. ]clid `k tbi sbila cs f orueplid eiss `a sclg fkd r`ogs, usid fs f kist. Ct riqucris f DO >= Zcsd`e (]iroiptc`k) obiog t` 󿬆kd tbi kist, fkd f DO 6? _trikjtb (Ftblitcos) obiog t` olcen t` ct. Ti sclg s clg cs w`rk fkd wiftbirid, tuogid ukdir sivirfl `a tbi r`ogs fkd cs w`rtbliss, nut tbi kist d`is o`ktfck f plfytbckj8 f ofrvid orystfl ory stfl vcfl (w`rtb :9 jp) tbft b`lds fk ilcxcr `a swceeckj .  Fwfrdckj  Fwf rdckj Ixpircikoi Dcvcdi 9= R] iquflly fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy 󿬆kd tbi ilcxcr ck tbi kist.

F^IF >-? ‟ E@^ILLF–_ LFC^  Ti iktrfkoi t` E`rillf–s Lfcr cs l`oftid 6== aiit nil`w tbi t`p `a tbi olc﬍. F DO 69 _trikjtb (Ftblitcos) obiog cs kiidid t` sofli tbi rujjid olc﬍ afoi t` tbi ofvi `pikckj. Ti obfrfotirs ofk ifscly fttfob f r`pi `kt` tbi nrcdji p`st a`r f sfaity lcki. F obfrfotir tbft aflls durckj tbi disoikt plueeits >== aiit t` tbi r`og-striwk wftir wftir,, lcgily t` bcs diftb. Ca E`rillf  󿬎id  󿬎id tbi iko`uktir wctb tbi pfrty ft frif 6-6, sbi cs l`oftid biri, `k flirt fkd ixpiotckj o`epfky a`r tbi kixt b`ur nia`ri rilfxckj bir jufrd. Ca  w`ukdid, sbi quf﬍s bir p`tc`k `a biflckj .  F 9-a``t-wcdi twcstckj pfssfji lifds ckt` dfrgkiss.  w` w` siotc`ks `k tbi efp fri sbfdid ck, riprisiktckj frifs  wbiri tbi oiclckj cs `kly 4 aiit bcjb. F obfrfotir tfllir tbfk 4 aiit eust orfwl tbr`ujb tbisi frifs.

 Fle`st dcriotly for`ss ar`e tbi d``r cs tbi ofvi iktrfkoi t` E`rillf–s lfcr (frif >-?). F DO 64 pfsscvi ]iroiptc`k obiog cs kiidid t` k`tcoi tbcs iktrfkoi, fs ct cs kifrly >== aiit t` tbi `pp`scti scdi.

 Fs f obfrfotir orfwls tbr`ujb tbi tbi sio`kd siotc`k, ca flirt, E`rillf fttfogs tbi pr`ki tfrjit wctb f  󿬆ri n`lt , wbcli b`virckj ck tbi efck obfenir fe`kj tbi stflfjectis. _bi b`lds bir p`sctc`k, usckj tbi stflfjectis fs bfla o`vir (+> n`kus t` FO fkd Dixtircty sfvckj tbr`ws). Fatir tbi ckctcfl  󿬆ri n`lt , sbi ofsts nlfdi wfrd , fkd tbik o`ktckuis  wctb e`ri  󿬆ri n`lts . Ca bir Lurckj _`kj fnclcty wfs ckiaaiotufl ck frif 6-6, sbi d`isk– d`isk–tt n`tbir usckj ct biri. Ivik-

Tiri cs fk`tbir ofvi iktrfkoi `k tbi `pp`scti olc﬍, nut euob l`wir7 ct lifds t` f bcddik jr`tt` (frif 4-9) fkd cs

tuflly tuflly, t` bir lidji t` efgi f 󿬆kfl stfkd wctb bir dfjjir, sbi lcgi󿬎iis f o`rkirid fkcefl.

64

 

ixp`sid `kly durckj l`w tcdi. Tcs iktrfkoi cs sctuftid kifr tbi bcjb wftir efrg, will nil`w wbiri tbi obfrfotirs k`w stfkd, fkd f DO 62 pfsscvi ]iroiptc`k obiog (fssueckj ct cs l`w tcdi7 ft bcjb tcdi tbi DO cs >?) cs kiidid t` l`ofti ct. Fs tbi obfrfotirs trfvil d`wk tbi pftb t` frif 4-4, f DO 6? pfsscvi ]iroiptc`k obiog (DO 62 ft bcjb tcdi) rivifls tbi jr`tt` iktrfkoi, sckoi ct–s k`w ft f afv`rfnli fkjli.

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

^ifd `r pfrfpbrfsi tbi a`ll`wckj `koi f obfrfotir jits f obfkoi t` ckvistcjfti tbi obfenir8

_IF _KFGI

Ti twcstckj pfssfji wctb l`w oiclckjs ieptcis ckt` f kfturfl obfenir, pirbfps ?= aiit ck dcfeitir. Ti oiclckj cs fn`ut  >= aiit `virbifd, fkd d` d`ttid ttid wctb tcky stflf stflfotctis. otctis. Ti obfenir riigs lcgi fk fkcefl pik lfoid wctb sflt. Ti 󿬎``r cs o`virid wctb dcsofrdid diofyckj ncts `a trfsb, drcid sifwiid, fkd nlifobid n`kis. A`ur se``tb stflfjectis rfkjckj ar`e 1 t` 3 aiit bcjb fri softtirid fn`ut tbi r``e.

FO8 6>

Tcs cs E`rillf–s lfcr, k`tbckj e`ri tbfk f scepli kfturfl obfenir. F sif skfgi lcvis skfgi lcvis `k tbi 󿬎``r `a tbi ofvi, fe`kj tbi n`kis fkd trfsb. Fltb`ujb k`t f pit pir si, tbi skfgi fkd E`rillf bfvi fk foo`rd, fkd sbi ivik aiids ct ar`e tcei t` tcei. Ti sif skfgi ofk ni k`tcoid wctb f DO 6> pfsscvi ]iroiptc`k obiog, `tbirwcsi ct fttfogs f rfkd`e tfrjit `k tbi 󿬎``r wctb surprcsi. Dcrty Lckiks. @k Lckiks. @k t`p `a tbi lidji cs f pcli `a rifs`kfnly arisb sifwiid tbft bfs niik drcid, sirvckj fs E`rillf–s nid. Cktirecxid ck tbi eiss `a sifwiid cs f e`ldy nlfog ol`fg. F DO >= Zcsd`e (]iroiptc`k) obiog cs kiidid t` dcso`vir tbi ol`fg, ukliss f ditiot efjco  spill   spill cs usid.  Fltb`ujb stfckid, e`ldy, e`ldy, fkd ckaistid wctb lcoi, tbi jfreikt cs f ol`fg `a tbi efktf rfy . Ca w`rk nia`ri olifkid, tbi wifrir nio`eis ckaistid wctb lcoi. Ti ol`fg ofk `kly ` kly ni fotcvftid ca suneirjid o`eplitily ck sflt wftir (wbcob fls` dcspirsis fkd gclls tbi lcoi).  F DO 69 Zcsd`e (]iroiptc`k) obiog `k tbi efck 󿬎``r `a tbi obfenir rivifls f sukgik diprissc`k fn`ut > aiit ck dcfeitir ft tbi nfsi `a tbi s`utbifst stflfjecti, o`virid wctb sivirfl lfyirs `a drcid sifwiid fkd s`cl. Ckscdi cs f rfkd`e fss`rteikt `a o`cks (>4 sp, ?6 jp, fkd 9 pp), f kfrwbfl sorcesbfw nr``ob (w`rtb 49 jp), fkd f sbfrgsgck p`uob (w`rtb 69 jp) tbft b`lds scx pifrls (ifob  w`rtb :9 jp). Ackflly Ackflly,, wrfppid ck fk `cly rfj cs fk iliotrue 󿬎fsg (w`rtb 4= jp) tbft b`lds f  p`tc`k `a biflckj .

Lcoi Ckaistftc`k Ca y`u fri ckaistid wctb lcoi, scepli tfsgs nio`ei bfrdir t` a`ous `k dui t` tbi o`kstfkt nctis fkd crrctftc`k. Fll sgcll obiogs `oour ft dcsfdvfktfji. Zbcli o`koiktrftckj `k f spill, f DO 2 O`kstctutc`k obiog cs riqucrid ifob turk t` efcktfck tbi spill. Ca suooissaul, k` fddctc`kfl sfvckj tbr`ws fri riqucrid, uktcl fk`tbir spill cs ofst. Ti lcoi ckaistftc`k ofk ni rie`vid a`ll`wckj f l`kj rist fkd f DO 6= Zcsd`e (Eidcocki) obiog.

_efll nifst, ukflcjkid 

Bct ]`ckts8 3 (>d1 + >) _piid8 ?= at., swce ?= at. _T^ 4 (-?)

DIR  O@K 64 (+>) 6? (+6)

ZC_ 6= (+=)

OBF ? (-4)

_iksis8 nlckdscjbt 6= at., pfsscvi ]iroiptc`k ]iroiptc`k 6= Lfkjufjis8 Obfllikji8 6/> (6== R]) Fepbcnc`us8 Tbi sif skfgi ofk nriftbi fcr fkd wftir.

 FOTC@K_ Ncti8  Eilii Zifp`k Zifp`k Fttfog8 +4 Fttfog8 +4 t` bct, rifob 9 at., `ki tfrjit. Bct8 tfrjit.  Bct8 4  4 (6d4 + >) pcirockj dfefji, fkd tbi tfrjit eust efgi f DO 6> O`kstctutc`k sfvckj tbr`w, tfgckj 2 (?d4 + 6) p`cs`k dfefji `k f afclid sfvi, `r bfla fs euob dfefji `k f suooissaul `ki.

Tbcs 9-a``t-l`kj sirpiktcki orifturi cs drfn nr`wk wctb dfrg nlfog nfkds. Fwfrdckj Ixpircikoi

Dcvcdi ?== R] fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy diaift E`rillf fkd tbi sif skfgi.

F^IF ? ‟ VYF^TI^_

F^OFDCFKY_–

LCQCKJ

 Zbik tbi obfrfotirs rifob tbcs frif, rifd `r pfrfpbrfsi tbi a`ll`wckj8

Ti st`ki d``rs slcdi `pik fle`st wctb`ut i﬍`rt, riviflckj fnuto`ea`rtfnli sucti niy`kd. Tics oiclckj tbcs obfenir cs 6= aiit bcjb, fkd tbi 󿬎``r se``tbck󿬎fjst`ki, sfvi a`r f plusb `vfl ofrpit sctuftid ck ar`kt `a f o`uob. Trii sunr``es ofk ni siik tbr`ujb dce cllueckftc`k pr`vcdid ny tbi s`at jl`w `a sivirfl lct lfktirks `k tbi wflls. For`ss ar`e tbi iktrfkoi cs f nidobfenir. ` tbi slcjbt rcjbt cs f gctobik frif, fkd t` tbi bfrd rcjbt cs f studc`, o`epliti wctb kueir`us ifsils fkd pfckt splfttirid `k tbi st`ki 󿬎``r.  Frofdcfkus ofllid tbisi obfenirs bcs pirs`kfl lcvckj spfoi. Ti cllueckftc`k cs pr`vcdid ny a`ur strftijcoflly plfoid lfktirks ikobfktid wctb o`ktckufl 󿬎fei   spills. Ti obfenir bfs niik rfksfogid ny _`liefyf fkd bir tr``ps (sivirfl tceis, fotuflly) l``gckj a`r oluis rijfrdckj b`w t` `pik tbi obist ck frif 4-?, nut t` k` fvfcl.

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 

CKT 6 (-9)

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

69

 F trfpd``r ukdir tbi tbr`w ofrpit lifds t` frif 4-6. F d``r `k tbi k`rtb wfll lifds t` f ol`sit tbft b`lds vfrc`us r`nis fkd ol`fgs, ckoludckj f a`x-aur-lckid ol`fg w`rtb ?>9 jp.

p`tiktcfl usi `a tbi dcfry, tbi JE ofk ofll a`r f DO 6> Cktillcjikoi (Frofkf) obiog. Fstuti obfrfotirs ofk usi tbi dcfry t` jfck cka`reftc`k `k8

F^IF ?-6 ‟ TBI NIDOBFENI^ 

• Cka`reftc`k `k tbi `rcjck `a tbi _bfd`wst`ki   fkd  wbft ct o`uld d` (sii Nfogjr`ukd).

 Zbik tbi obfrfotirs iktir tbcs frif, rifd `r pfrfpbrfsi tbi a`ll`wckj8

Ti nidobfenir o`ktfcks f plusb obfcr kixt t` fk `fg ikd tfnli. Ti nid wfs `koi o`virid wctb 󿬆ki sclg sbiits fkd kueir`us pcll`ws, nut bfs sckoi niik diafoid wctb diip slfsb efrgs. J``si aiftbirs fri striwk fn`ut tbi r``e. For`ss  ar`e tbi nid cs fk iepty n``go n``gofsi, fsi, cts o`ktikts ck f huenlid eiss ft cts nfsi. Efky `a tbi n``gs bfvi nr`gik nckdckjs fkd t`rk pfjis striwk fn`ut tbi 󿬎``r.  Fltb`ujb `koi qucti vflufnli, tbi nid ck tbcs obfenir cs k`w w`rtbliss dui t` tbi dfefji. Ti sfei cs trui `a tbi sclg sbiits fkd pcll`ws. E`st `a tbi n``gs ditfcl l`ofl bcst`ry, ukdirwftir ixpl`rftc`k, ixpl`cts `a tbi j`ds fkd tbicr ob`sik bir`is, fkd efjcofl studcis. Ny pcogckj tbr`ujb tbi eiss wctb f DO 6? Cktillcjikoi (Ckvistcjftc`k) obiog, a`ur n``gs ck j``d o`kdctc`k ofk ni a`ukd (ifob w`rtb >9 jp). Ca tbi Cktillcjikoi (Ckvistcjftc`k) obiog ixoiids DO 61, tbi obfrfotirs 󿬆kd f nlfkg tixt,  wbcob cs fotuflly Frofdcfkus– dcfry. Ca tbi obiog ixoiids DO 63, tbi obfrfotirs fls` 󿬆kd fk frofki f rofki sor`ll wctb tw` spills8 wftir nriftbckj  fkd   fkd siouri obist . Ca ditiot efjco   cs usid, tbi dcfry fkd tbi sor`ll fri a`ukd fut`eftcoflly fut`eftcoflly.. Ti n``g wctb`ut wrctckj cs fotuflly fk ikobfktid n``g, usid ny Frofdcfkus fs f dcfry. _`liefyf dcsofrdid ct a`r  wbft ct fppifrs t` ni ni,, nut tbi obfrfotirs ofk usi ct t` jfck vflufnli cka`reftc`k. B`wivir, tbiy kiid t` 󿬆kd tbi efjcofl qucll (l`oftid ck frif >-6) t` ukl`og tbi siorits `a tbi dcfry. @k tbi o`vir `a tbi n``g cs f jrfy liftbir 󿬎fp usid t` b`ld tbi qucll, q ucll, wbcob ofk ni rio`jkczid wctb f DO 6> Zcsd`e (]iroiptc`k) obiog. Eyrcocf sipfrftid tbi tw` cties t` a`cl _`liefyf, fkd s` afr ct bfs w`rgid.  Fs suob, tbi psiud`drfj`k ofk till tbi obfrfotirs wbiri tbi qucll cs fkd b`w t` usi ct. Zbik tbi qucll cs wctbck 6= aiit `a tbi n``g, ct s`atly jl`ws, tbi dcfry `piks, fkd tbi qucll b`virs kixt t` ct. Zbcli b`ldckj tbi n``g, ca f obfrfotir fsgs f quistc`k, tbi qucll j`is t` tbi fppr`prcfti pfji fkd “wrctis― ct `k f nlfkg pfji (fotuflly riviflckj tbi wrctckj tbft cs tbiri7 ct– ct–ss hust ckvcscnli ). ). Ca tbi quistc`k bfs k`tbckj t` d` wctb tbi dcfry, tbi qucll sceply wrctis, “Iktry k`t a`ukd― `k tbi lfst pfji fatir f atir 󿬎cppckj tbr`ujb fll tbi pfjis. Ca tbi obfrfotirs kiid pr`eptckj `k tbi 61

 

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

• B`w t` fotcvfti tbi a`ro a`roii dcso ilivft`r ilivft`r..

• Ti l`oftc`k `a tbi n``g `a k`tis rrijfrdckj ijfrdckj tbi _bfd  (ckscdi tbi siouri obist ) fkd b`w `pik tbi si`wst`ki  (ckscdi  wctb tbi wckd obcei `a ]ilfjcf  (ckoludckj  (ckoludckj tbi ouri obist  wctb `rdir `a strcgckj tbi obcei pciois). • Nfogjr`ukd cka`reftc`k `k Frofdcfkus. • Cka`reftc`k `k b`w t` `pik tbi siorit d``r ck frif 6-? tbft lifds t` ]ilfjcf–s sbrcki. • K`tis `k tbi dc﬍irikt o`rfl t`gik o`l`rs fkd tbicr iaaiots. • Ckstruotc`ks a`r oriftckj p`tc`ks `a wftir nriftbckj .  Fwfrdckj  Fwfr dckj Ixpircikoi Dcvcdi 69= R] iquflly fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy dcso`vir Frofdcfkus– dcfry fkd usi tbi qucll ar`e frif >-6 t` uko`vir cts siorits.

F^IF ?-> ‟ TBI GCTOBIK  Zbik tbi obfrfotirs iktir tbcs frif, rifd `r pfrfpbrfsi tbi a`ll`wckj8

Tcs frif siies t` bfvi isofpid tbi nrukt `a tbi distruotc`k ck󿬎cotid `k tbi rist `a tbi sucti.  `` tbi liat cs f st`ki bifrtb, wctb tbi s`at jl`w `a se`giliss 󿬎feis ar`e tbi cktirc`r. F eitfl p`li wctb f ofst-cr`k p`t dfkjlis `vir tbi 󿬎feis. Ck tbi o`rkir `a tbi r``e, t` tbi rcjbt `a tbi 󿬆riplfoi wfs f pcli `a pcll`ws, slfsbid fkd di-aiftbirid. Ck tbi `pp`scti o`rkir cs f st`ki d``rnil`w. fn`ut Ti > aiitsurafoi squfricswctb f b`rcz`ktfl fkd f bckji ikjrfvid wctb f bfkdli jlypb.  Fl`kj tbi rcjbt wfll wfll fri f scepli w``d ttfnli fnli fkd f nfttirid obfcr. Kixt t` tbi tfnli cs f plfck st`ki urk, pirbfps ? aiit bcjb fkd ? aiit wcdi ft cts c ts t`p. Ti 󿬆riplfoi cs ecssckj f nrcog, riviflckj fk iepty siorit o`epfrteikt flrifdy l``tid ny _`liefyf. Ti slcjbtly dcso`l`rid nrcog bfs niik dcsofrdid `k tbi 󿬎``r. Nut _`liefyf `virl``gid tbi afot tbft tbi nrcog ctsila fls` bcdis f siorit stfsb. Zctb f DO >= Zcsd`e (]i (]iroiptc`k) roiptc`k) obiog, tbi nrcog cs dcso`virid d cso`virid t` ni b`ll`w b`ll`w.. @ki ikd slcdis `pik, fltb`ujb ct riqucris f DO 6? Dixtircty obiog t` `pik tbi trcogy slcdi o`vir. b`ll`w frif o`ktfcks efjco. a`ur obukgs `a jriik o`rfl tbftTi rfdcfti afckt fnhurftc`k Ifob

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

Eyrcocf cs pr`ud `a tbcs bcdckj bc dckj plfoi. _ckoi tbi sifl wckd obcei cs efdi `a o`rfl, tbi nlfog puddli ofk–t dcss`lvi ct. Tus, sbi plfoid ct ck tbi jfrnfji obuti (nibckd tbi “sifl,― wbcob hust bfppiks t` ni ck tbi sbfpi `a sifls). Ourriktly,, ct–s ckscdi tbi nlfog puddli, fkd f DO 69 ZcsOurriktly d`e (]iroiptc`k) obiog rivifls cts prisikoi ck tbi ukdulftckj ``zi, ca rilifsid. Ti obcei ofk ni swcpid ar`e tbi ``zi wctb fk fotc`k fkd f DO 6: Dixtircty (_licjbt `a Bfkd) obiog. Fltb`ujb tbcs ofusis > focd dfefji, afcluri risults ck tfgckj 4 focd dfefji. @a o`ursi, ca tbi nlfog puddli cs slfck, ct c t ofk ni ritrcivid ifscly. @ki r`ukd fatir tbi d``r t` tbi jfrnfji obuti cs `pikid, tbi nlfog puddli nursts `ut fkd jriidcly fttfogs obfrfotirs ft rfkd`e uktcl slfck. Ca tbi obfrfotirs tbckg t` tcp tbi st`ki urk `kt` tbi puddli, f obfrfotir wctb f bcjbir ckctcftcvi kiids t` efgi f DO 64 _trikjtb obiog. Ca n`tb `a tbisi fri aul󿬆llid, tbi fttfog r`ll cs ft dcsfdvfktfji dc sfdvfktfji dui t` tbi o`eplixcty `a tbi tfsg. F suooissaul fttfog i﬍iotcvily trfps tbi puddli wbcob lfogs tbi strikjtb t` e`vi tbi bifvy urk, fkd cts focd cs cki﬍iotcvi fjfckst tbi st`ki.

NLFOG ]YDDLI cs f o`rfl t`gik tbft eust ni orusbid t` fotcvfti f eck`r efjcofl i﬍iot. F DO 6= Cktillcjikoi (Frofkf) obiog ofk rivifl tbi trcjjir. Tisi a`ur t`giks jrfkt tbi tfrjit tbi i﬍iots `a ariid`e `a e`vieikt   a`r tbi kixt 1 b`urs. e`vieikt  a`r Ti slfsbid pcli `a sclg pcll`ws wfs yit fk`tbir kist nil`kjckj t` Eyrcocf. Cts pr`xcecty t` tbi bifrtb rfkgid ct fe`kj bir afv`rctis. F DO >= Zcsd`e (]iroiptc`k) obiog cs kiidid t` l`ofti f sefll ieirfld (w`rtb 9== jp) tbft wfs bcddik fe`kj tbi pcll`ws. Ti jiest`ki wfs `ki `a bir plfytbckjs, fkd wfs `virl``gid ny _`liefyf. f nJfrnfji Obuti. Ti Obuti. Ti jlypb `k tbi d``r rfdcftis afckt fn hurftc`k efjco. Ct cs Frofdcfkus– pirs`kfl syen`l, f trc` `a sifls ikocrolid k`si t` tfcl. Ti d``r `piks d`wkwfrd nut cs frofki l`ogid . Ct ofk ni ukl`ogid wctb f DO >9 Dixtircty obiog, `r supprissid a`r 6= eckutis wctb f   spill. @a o`ursi, Frofdcfkus `r bcs afeclcfr o`uld gk`og  spill. nypfss tbi spill k`reflly. Nibckd tbi d``r cs f jfrnfji sb``t > aiit squfri fkd fn`ut 69 aiit diip. Ckscdi tbi sbfat cs f sefll nlfog puddckj (ofllid f nlfog puddli ny puddli ny  Frofdcfkus) efcktfckid fs f o`kvikcikt wfsti efkfjieikt systie. ` privikt tbi ``zi ar`e jittckj t`` ncj, ar`e tcei t` tcei Frofdcfkus w`uld splct tbi ``zi wctb lcjbtkckj, fkd usi tiligckiscs  t`   t` dip`sct bfla `a ct ck tbi kifrny st`ki urk a`r ifsy dcsp`sfl.

_efll ``zi, ukflcjkid 

FO8 2 Bct ]`ckts8 >> (9d1 + 9) _piid8 >= at., olcen >= at. _T^ 6> (+6)

DIR  O@K CKT : (->) 6> (+6) 6 (-9)

OBF 6 (-9)

Dfefji Ceeukctcis8 focd, o`ld, lcjbtkckj, slfsbckj

O`kdctc`k Ceeukctcis8 nlckdid, obfreid, difaikid, ixbfustc`k, arcjbtikid, pr`ki _iksis8  nlckdscjbt 1= at. (nlckd niy`kd tbcs rfdcus),  pfsscvi ]iroiptc`k 2 Lfkjufjis8 Obfllikji8 > (49= R]) Fe`rpb`us8 Tbi puddli ofk e`vi tbr`ujb f spfoi fs kfrr`w fs 6 ckob wcdi wctb`ut wct b`ut squiizckj. O`rr`scvi A`re8 F orifturi tbft t`uobis tbi puddli `r bcts ct wctb f eilii fttfog wbcli wctbck 9 aiit `a ct tfgis > (6d4) focd dfefji. Fky k`kefjcofl wifp`k efdi `a eitfl `r w``d tbft bcts tbi puddli o`rr`dis. Fatir diflckj dfefji, tbi wifp`k tfgis f pirefkikt fkd

oueulftcvi pikflty t` dfefji r`lls. CaK`kefjcofl cts pikflty dr`ps t` -9,-6tbi wifp`k cs distr`yid. ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 

ZC_ 1 (->)

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

6:

feeukctc`k efdi `a eitfl `r w``d tbft bcts tbi puddli cs distr`yid fatir diflckj dfefji. Tbi puddli ofk ift tbr`ujb >-ckob-tbcog, k`kefjcofl w``d `r eitfl ck > r`ukds. _pcdir Olcen8 Tbi puddli ofk olcen dca stoult surafois, ckoludckj upscdi d`wk `k oiclckjs, wctb`ut kiidckj t` efgi fk fnclcty obiog.

Eyrcocf liat fk`tbir olui biri sorcnnlid `k tbi k`rtb wfll ck orces`k pfckt. Ct cs wrcttik ck Drfo`kco, fkd ofk ni

 FOTC@K_  ]siud`p`d8 Eilii Zifp`k Zifp`k Fttfog8 +? Fttfog8 +? t` bct, rifob 9 at., `ki tfrjit.  Bct8  Bct8   ? (6d4 + 6) nludji`kckj dfefji  plus 3 (>d2) focd dfefji. Ck fddctc`k, k`kefjcofl fre`r w`rk ny tbi tfrjit cs pfrtly dcss`lvid fkd tfgis f pirefkikt fkd oueulftcvi -6 pikflty t` tbi FO ct `aairs. Tbi fre`r cs distr`yid ca tbi pikflty riduois cts FO t` 6=.

 ^IFOTC@K_  _plct8 Zbik f puddli tbft cs _efll `r lfrjir cs sunhiotid t` lcjbtkckj `r slfsbckj dfefji, ct splcts ckt` tw` kiw  puddlis ca ct bfs ft lifst 6= bct p`ckts. Ifob kiw puddli bfs bct p`ckts iqufl t` bfla tbi `rcjckfl puddli–s, r`ukdid d`wk. Kiw puddlis fri `ki sczi sefllir tbfk tbi `rcjckfl puddli.

ukdirstfkd ny f obfrfotir Drfo`kco, f DO 69 Cktillcjikoi obiog.tbft Tispifgs pfssfji rifds8 `r wctb Ck tbi st  tbi  st sb–s sb–s sw`rd, bcdis tbi _w`rd  st sb. sb.  F trfpd``r ukdir tbi w`rgnikob lifds t` frif ?-4. ?-4.

F^IF ?-4 ‟ LFN@^FT@^S @pikckj tbi trfpd``r ck tbi 󿬎``r `a frif ?-? rivifls f stfcrofsi lifdckj d`wk t` tbcs d``r. Ti st`ki d``r t` tbcs frif cs l`ogid ar`e tbi `utscdi, f suri olui tbft s`eitbckj dfkjir`us lurgs wctbck. _`liefyf k`w ofrrcis tbi `kly giy. giy . Ti l`og ofk ni pcogid DO rifd 69 Dixtircty obiog. Zbik tbi obfrfotirs `pikwctb tbi fd``r, `r pfrfpbrfsi tbi a`ll`wckj8

F^IF ?-? ‟ TBI _TYDC@

Ti d``r `piks t` rivifl f ocroulfr obfenir pirbfps 4= aiit ck dcfeitir. Ti obfenir fppifrs t` ni f lfn`rft`ry `a s`rts, fltb`ujb ct t`` bfs niik rfksfogid. Ti ecddli `a tbi r``e bfs f st`ki urk fn`ut 9 aiit ck dcfeitir, tcppid `vir, spcllckj cts vcsocd o`ktikts ck f p``l `k tbi 󿬎``r. ` tbi rcjbt fkd liat, st`ki w`rgnikobis fri ofrvid rcjbt ckt` tbi wfll. Ti surafoi `a ifob cs o`virid wctb jlfss sbfrds fkd flobiecofl dust. Aiw cties bfvi isofpid tbi distruotc`k. @k tbi `pp`scti scdi `a tbi obfenir cs f 69-a``t-wcdi kcobi, `koi b`ldckj kueir`us

 Zbik tbi obfrfotirs iktir tbcs frif, rifd `r pfrfpbrfsi tbi a`ll`wckj8

w``dik sbilvis. Tik`w sbilvis fri`afllsbfrds splcktirid, wfri `koi `k tbie f pcli `k tbiwctb 󿬎``r.tbiF jlfssafckt nriizi stcrs tbi eultc-o`l`rid dust ck tbi sclikt obfenir.

Tcs frif cs fls` f eiss, nut ct–s ukolifr ca ct bfs niik rfksfogid, `r cs jikirflly ck f stfti `a uktcdckiss. Ti 󿬎``r cs o`virid wctb sbfrds `a sbfttirid p`ttiry hfrs, tbicr a`reir o`ktikts spcllid fkd k`w ofgid `k tbi 󿬎``r fs f obf`tco ecxturi `a pfckts. Cktirecxid fri sivirfl `koi-󿬆ki nrusbis, k`w ruckid ny tbi s`lcdc󿬆id pfckts, `r eirily sp`rtckj nr`gik sbfats. Ck tbi afr o`rkir cs f bifp `a 󿬎cesy nr`gik ifsils, k`w lcttli e`ri tbfk 󿬆riw``d. ` tbi rcjbt cs f stfckid w``dik w`rgnikob, o`virid wctb sbrids `a nfri ofkvfs fs will fs tb`si tbft `koi n`ri afkocaul frtw`rg.

Ixfotly fs disorcnid, Frofdcfkus usid tbcs obfenir fs f lfn`rft`ry. Fltb`ujb bi spiocflczid ck p`tc`k nriwckj fkd flobiecofl ctie oriftc`k, tbi r``e fls` sirvid t` orifti tbi `oofsc`kfl efjco ctie. _`liefyf fttieptid t` sifrob tbi r``e, nut foocdiktflly rilifsid f eidcue fcr ilieiktfl trfppid ck f orystfl diofktir. Ti ikrfjid ilieiktfl pr`oiidid t` trfsb tbi r``e, a`rockj a `rockj _`liefyf t` 󿬎ii fkd l`og tbi d``r. _bi ukdirstfkds tbft iviktuflly sbi kiids t` diaift tbi fcr ilieiktfl t` o`epliti bir

 Frofdcfkus wfs k` frtcst, nut bi afkocid bcesila `ki. Tcs

sifrob obfenir, nut sbi bfs flrifdy l`st t`` efky tr``ps `a t` tbi cts fttfogs.

 F strckjy efss `a stcogy j`` slctbirs ar`e tbi bftob, ixtikdckj fk ckgy tikdrcl tbft qucvirs wctb fktcocpftc`k.

 Fwfrdckj  Fwf rdckj Ixpircikoi Dcvcdi 49= R] iquflly fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy diaift tbi nlfog puddli. Dcvcdi 69= R] iquflly fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy rio`vir tbi o`rfl sifl obcei.

62

 

sun-r``e sirvid fs bcs pfcktckj studc`. Ct `koi o`ktfckid `vir 6,=== jp ck frtw`rg supplcis, nut e`st fri ruckid k`w.. Ct cs biri tbft Eyrcocf ofei t` swcpi fll tbi orces` k`w orces`k k pfckt t` usi a`r bir oluis softtirid tbr`ujb`ut tbi t`wir.  F qucog sifrob rivifls k` rid pfckt, nut wbik o`epfrid t` sfeplis `k tbi 󿬎``r, o`k󿬆res tbi orces`k pfssfjis  wiri sorcnnlid ck pfckt fkd k`t nl``d. nl``d.

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

]``l `a Flobiecofl J``. Frofdcfkus J``. Frofdcfkus wfs ck tbi ecddli `a oriftckj f wfkd `a vcsocd jl`ns  wbik  wbik _`liefyf fssfultid tbi t`wir. t `wir. Ti souffli wctb _`liefyf fkd bir tr``ps ofusid tbi fcr ilieiktfl t` tcp `vir tbi urk b`ldckj f vcsocd jlui-lcgi eftircfl, wbcob bfs sckoi ``zid ckt` f p``l fs ckdcoftid `k tbi efp. Fky obfrfotir tbft iktirs `ki `a tbisi squfris eust st`p fkd efgi f DO 64 Dixtircty sfvckj tbr`w, `r nio`ei ristrfckid. Zctb f suooissaul sfvckj tbr`w, tbi tfrjit ofk e`vi 9 aiit pir turk. Fs fk fotc`k, f stuog obfrfotir kiids t` efgi f DO 69 _trikjtb (Ftblitcos) obiog t` arii bcesila ar`e tbi j``. @ki d`si `a ukcvirsfl s`lvikt  `r   `r f jfll`k `a flo`b`l (suob fs wcki) ofk fls` ni fpplcid fs fk fotc`k t` jit arii `a tbi j``. Ti j`` d`is k`t f﬍iot tbi fcr ilieiktfl, wbcob 󿬎cis `vir ct.  F Trcog `k Lfzl`. Lfzl`.   Ft `ki ikd `a tbi liat-bfkd w`rgnikob cs f siorit o`epfrteikt tbft ofk ni l`oftid wctb f DO 69 Zcsd`e (]iroiptc`k) obiog. Ckscdi cs f >-a``tsqufri cr`k l`ogn`x (l`ogid, `a o`ursi). Ct tfgis f DO 61 Dixtircty obiog t` `pik, `r tbi giy wbcob tbi JE cs arii t` plfoi s`eiwbiri ck tbi t`wir. Ckscdi fri scx lfnilid p`tc`k n`ttlis fkd f bfkdwrcttik k`ti. Ti k`ti (f lcttli nct `a p`tiktcflly difdly bue`r nitwiik wczfrd arcikds) rifds8  Lfzl`, Biri fri tbi p`tc`ks `a wftir nriftbckj C pr`ecsid. B`wivir, `ki cs fotuflly difdly st`ki  st sb sb p`cs`k. Nut  aifr k`t, ifob cs lfnilid wctb f orifturi–s kfei. T` ditirecki tbi difdly nriw, usi tbi a`ll`wckj olui8 “Fltb`ujb C lcvi ck tbi wftir, C ofk–t spifg wctb ct.―  N`tt`es up, `ld obfp!   Frofdcfkus  Ti p`tc`ks fri lfnilid fs a`ll`ws8 “Fn`litb,― “Drfj`k urtli,― “Eira “Eira`lg,― `lg,― “Eirr`w, “Eirr`w,―― “_if Bfj,― fkd “Zftir Ilieiktfl.― Ti p`cs`k nifrs tbi lfnil `a tbi fquftco orifturi tbft d`isk–t k`reflly spifg Fqufk (foo`rdckj t` tbi E`kstir Efkufl). Ti fkswir cs fn`litb (tbiy spifg Diip _piiob). F obfrfotir ofk fttiept f DO 69 Cktillcjikoi obiog t` riofll wbcob orifturi spifgs Fqufk, nut f kiw obiog cs riqucrid a`r ifob orifturi.

cencnid, tbi sfvckj tbr`w cs ft dcsfdvfktfji. Afcluri ckdcoftis tbi tfrjit tfgis >> (4d6=) p`cs`k dfefji fkd fof oqucris tbi p`cs`kid o`kdctc`k a`r tbi kixt 2 b`urs. _uooiss risults ck bfla dfefji, fkd tbi p`cs`k o`kdctc`k `kly lfsts a`r 6 b`ur. Ysiaul Cties.  Cties.  Obfrfotirs ecjbt 󿬆kd sivirfl usiaul flobiecofl `nhiots ca tbiy tfgi tbicr tcei sifrobckj tbr`ujb tbi eiss. A`r ifob DO 6? Zcsd`e (]ir (]iroiptc`k) oiptc`k) obiog f obfrfotir efgis (spikdckj sivirfl eckutis tcei sbcatckj tbr`ujb tbia`ukd. dinrcs)^`ll fk`tbir flobiecofl ctietfnli (efxceue scx) ofk ni 6d1 fkd o`ksult tbi nil`w nil`w.. 6d1 6d1 rr`l `lll 6 > ? 4 9 1

Flob Flobie ieco cofl fl Ctie Ctie A`u `ukd  kd  Qcfl `a focd Qcfl `a fktct`xck ]`uob `a p`wdirid dcfe`kd (w`rtb 6,>9= jp) Qcfl `a flobiecst–s 󿬆ri Qcfl `a b`ly wftir _uoounus b`rk

Ti suoounus b`rk cs nlfog, wctb f ourvid sbfpi, fkd `ki ikd nlukt wctb tbi `tbir o`eckj t` f sbfrp p`ckt. Fs f ourc`scty, tbi b`rk cs w`rtb 6>9 jp. Fltb`ujb ct o`uld ni usid fs fk cepr`vcsid wifp`k (ofusckj 6d> p`ckts `a pciockj dfefji), ct–s ct–s fotuflly f dcsjucsid vcfl wctb f trcog t`p. Ti t`p ofk ni `pikid wctb f DO 61 Cktillcjikoi (Ckvistcjftc`k) obiog, `r f DO 62 Dixtircty (_licjbt `a Bfkd) obiog. Ti vcfl ofk b`ld up t` 4 `ukois, nut ourriktly ct `kly b`lds > d`sis `a ukcvirsfl s`lvikt . @ki r`ukd fatir tbi obfrfotirs `pik tbi d``r, fk ikrfjid p`llutid eidcue fcr ilieiktfl nijcks ilieiktfl nijcks cts fttfog. Acrst ct e`vis ckt` f spfoi wctb f tfrjit fkd a`res f Zbcrlwckd.  F 69-a``t-dcfeitir ol`ud `a flobiecofl dust pirscsts a`r > r`ukds tbirifatir, ck tbi frif wbiri tbi Zbcrlwckd wfs a`reid. Fky obfrfotir (`r tbi fcr ilieiktfl) tbft iktirs tbi ol`ud `a flobiecofl dust eust efgi f DO 6= O`kstctutc`k sfvckj tbr`w, `r tfgi 9 (>d4) focd dfefji. Zbcli  wfctckj a`r cts Zbcrlwckd t` riobfrji, ct fttiepts t` t` efkiuvir tfrjits ckt` tbi p``l `a j``. K`ti tbft tbi fcr ilieiktfl cs ukf﬍iotid ny tbi j`` `k tbi 󿬎``r (ct hust 󿬎cis `vir ct). Ct usis tbi j`` t` cts fdvfktfji wbcli ikjfjckj ck slfe fttfogs. K`ti tbft cts slfe fttfogs nurk wctb fk flobiecofl tfckt, fs will.

]`cs`k ]`tc`k.  ]`tc`k.  Ti vcfl lfnilid “Fn`litb― cs fotuflly st`ki󿬆sb p`cs`k. Ca f obfrfotir hust scps tbi p`cs`k, f DO 64 O`kstctutc`k sfvi cs riqucrid7 ca tbi wb`li p`tc`k cs ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

63

]@LLYTID EIDCYE FC^ ILIEIKT ILIEIKTFL FL  Eidcue ilieiktfl, ilieiktfl, kiutrfl

Dcvcdi :== R] iquflly fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy diaift tbi p`llutid fcr ilieiktfl. Dcvcdi >9= R] iquflly fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy s`lvi tbi puzzli fkd fv`cd p`cs`kckj.

FO8 64 Bct ]`ckts8 44 (2d2 + 2) _piid8  = at., ﬎y 3= at. (b`vir) _T^ 6> (+6)

DIR  O@K CKT 62 (+4) 6> (+6) 1 (->)

ZC_ OBF 6= (+=) 1 (->)

Dfefji ^iscstfkois8 lcjbtkckj, tbukdir7 nludji`kckj,  pcirockj, fkd slfsbckj ar`e k`kefjcofl wifp`ks Dfefji Ceeukctcis8 p`cs`k O`kdctc`k Ceeukctcis8 ixbfustc`k, jrfpplid,  pfrflyzid, pitrcstid, p`cs`kid, pr`ki, ristrfckid, uko`ksoc`us _iksis8 dfrgvcsc`k 1= at., pfsscvi piroiptc`k 6= Lfkjufjis8 Furfk Obfllikji8 ? (:== R]) Fcr A`re8  Tbi fcr ilieiktfl ofk iktir f b`stcli orifturi–s spfoi fkd st`p tbiri. Ct ofk e`vi tbr`ujb f

spfoi fs kfrr`w fs 6 ckob wcdi wctb`ut squiizckj.  FOTC@K_  Eultcfttfog8 Tbi ilieiktfl efgis tw` slfe fttfogs.

Flobiecoflly-Ikbfkoid _lfe.  Eilii Zifp`k Fttfog8  Fttfog8  +1 t` bct, rifob 9 at., `ki tfrjit.  Bct8  Bct8   66 (>d1 + 4)  nludji`kckj dfefji plus 9 (6d1 + >) focd dfefji ar`e flobiecofl dust. Zbcrlwckd8  (^iobfrji 4-1). Ifob orifturi ck tbi ilieiktfl–s spfoi eust efgi f DO 6> _trikjtb sfvckj tbr`w. @k f afcluri, f tfrjit tfgis 2 (>d1 + 6)  nludji`kckj dfefji plus 9 (6d1 + >) focd dfefji fkd cs ﬎ukj up t` 6= aiit fwfy ar`e tbi ilieiktfl ck f rfkd`e dcriotc`k fkd cs gk`ogid pr`ki. Ca f tbr`wk tfrjit strcgis fk `nhiot suob fs f wfll `r ﬎``r, tbi tfrjit tfgis ? (6d1) nludji`kckj dfefji pir 6= aiit tbr`wk. Ca tbi tfrjit cs tbr`wk ft fk`tbir orifturi, tbft orifturi eust suooiid `k f DO 6> Dixtircty sfvckj tbr`w `r tfgi tbi sfei fe`ukt `a dfefji fkd ni gk`ogid pr`ki.

Ca tbi sfvckj tbr`w cs suooissaul, tbi tfrjit tfgis bfla tbi nludji`kckj fkd focd dfefji fkd csk–t ﬎ukj `r gk`ogid pr`ki.  F aukkilckj ol`ud, fn`ut 2 aiit bcjb, wbcrls fn`ut tbi obfenir, fkd pcogs up nlfog forcd dust. Tw` afckt  jl`wckj iyis piir tbr`ujb tbr`ujb tbi se`jjy wbcrlwckd. >=

 

 Fwfrdckj  Fwf rdckj Ixpircikoi

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

F^IF 4-6 ‟ TBI _]C^FL  Zbik tbi obfrfotirs `pik tbi trfpd``r ck tbi 󿬎``r, 󿬎``r, rifd rifd `r pfrfpbrfsi tbi a`ll`wckj8

Ti d``r `piks t` rivifl f ocroulfr sbfat, pirbfps >9 aiit ck dcfeitir. F oiktrfl st`ki pcllfr supp`rts tbi sbfat wbcob o`rgsoriws d`wk a`r ft lifst 6== aiit. Zcdi, se``tb stips stritob ar`e tbi oiktrfl pcllfr t` tbi `pp`scti se``tb wfll.  Zbik tbi obfrfotirs kifr tbi n`tt`e, fn`ut ?= aiit ar`e tbi 󿬎``r, o`ktckui8

Nil`w, tbi sbfd`wy 󿬎``r ofk ni siik. Fs y`u fppr`fob, tbi oiktrfl pcllfr cs o`virid wctb sivirfl w`rk, dusty 󿬆sbireik–s kits. F aiw fri fd`rkid wctb rusty nfrnid b``gs, nut e`st fri plfck. _`ei fri dio`rftid wctb kfutcofl gkcog-gkfogs, suob fs o`rg 󿬎`fts, nrfcdid r`pi, drcid stfr󿬆sb, orfn ofrf pfois, fkd `tbir prisirvid efrcki lcai. Ti discooftid n`dy `a fk fquftco buefk`cd cs ivik tfkjlid ck `ki kit. Tcs l`kj sbfat o`kkiots tbi uppir lcvckj obfenirs wctb tbi l`wir tcdfl obfenirs. Oriftid wctb efjco (dcsckti fkd st`ki sbfpi  spills),  spills), Frofdcfkus nijfk dio`rftckj  jrfti  fkd tbi wflls wctb kfutcofl tbieis t` 󿬆t tbi rist `a ` a bcs b`ei. _ckoi _`liefyf k`w bfs o`ktr`l `a tbi sif t`wir t`wir,, sbi bfs efdi s`ei e`dc󿬆oftc`ks. _bi bfs fddid fk fkceftid kit  fkd   fkd fkceftid tbrii g`flcktb z`encis t` z`encis t` jufrd tbi fppr`fob t` frif 4->. w` `a bir tr``ps wiri slfck ny focdco nurks ar`e f trfp. Ti lfst `ki wfs p`cs`kid ny Eyrcocf, fkd _`liefyf gcllid bce `ut `a arustrftc`k wctb fvifls spifr. DO 69 tbiF`rcjck `a Cktillcjikoi tbi w`ukds.(Ckvistcjftc`k) _`liefyf tbikobiog ofst rifk  spill usckj f 4tb-livil spill sl`t t` tfrjit fll fkcefti difd  spill tbrii n`dcis. @ki z`enci cs bfkjckj ck tbi kit, fkd tbi `tbir tw` fri bcdckj nibckd kits `k tbi 󿬎``r. Kits. Icjbt kits bfkj ck tbi l`wir pfrt `a tbi sbfat. _cx Kits. Icjbt fri `k tbi oiktrfl pcllfr, fkd tw` e`ri fri `k tbi wflls ft 󿬎``r livil. @ki `a tbi lfttir o`koifls tbi ixct t` frif 4->. Ti 󿬆rst kit (fkd tbi bcjbist) cs tbi fkceftid kit. Ti z`enci cs “tfkjlid― ck tbi a`urtb kit, nut ct– ct–ss fotuflly  hust b`ldckj `k t` tbi eisb. Ti obfrfotirs ofk d dcsoirk csoirk ct–s f z`enci wctb f DO 69 Zcsd`e (]iroiptc`k) obiog. Olcenckj d`wk6>tbi kits t` obiog. tbi 󿬎``r, fn`ut ?= aiit d`wk, riqucris f DO _trikjtb

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

 Fs tbi obfrfotirs fppr`fob, tbi z`enci spikds cts fotc`k rie`vckj ctsila ar`e tbi kit fkd nl`ogckj tbicr pfssfji d`wk tbi stips. Ti kixt r`ukd, tbi fkceftid kit dr`ps ar`e cts pirob fkd usis cts Ikskfri fttfog. @koi f tfrjit cs ikskfrid, tbi kixt r`ukd tbi kit tuenlis d`wk tbi stips (tfgckj cts ikskfrid tfrjit wctb bce). Tcs tuenli ofusis 6= (?d1) nludji`kckj dfefji t` tbi ikskfrid tfrjit fkd ? (6d1) nludji`kckj dfefji t` tbi kit, fkd dip`scts n`tb `k tbi 󿬎``r. Zbik tbcs `oours, tbi g`flcktb z`enci `k tbi stips nl`ogs tbi obfrfotirs ar`e j`ckj d`wk (fltb`ujb olcenckj tbi kits cs fk `ptc`k). Ti tw` `tbir g`flcktb z`encis `k tbi 󿬎``r k`w fot. @ki e`vis t` tbi nfsi `a tbi stips t` cktiroipt obfrfotirs wbcli tbi `tbir fttfogs tbi ikskfrid tfrjit wctb cts trcdikt. K`ti tbft tbi kit cs ceeuki t` pcirockj dfefji ar`e tbi trcdikt, nut tbi obfrfotir ikskfrid cs k`t! @koi f tfrjit st`ps strujjlckj, tbi kit lits ct j` fkd siigs fk`tbir tfrjit ny e`vckj `k fll a`ur o`rkirs.

_lfe.  Eilii Eilii Zifp`k Zifp`k Fttfog8 +? Fttfog8 +? t` bct, rifob 9at., `ki tfrjit. Bct8 tfrjit.  Bct8 4  4 (6d1 + 6) nludji`kckj dfefji.

 ]fllcd jriik soflid   ﬎ isb, isb, so`robid fkd rcppid ck l`oftc`ks ixp`sckj eusoli fkd sckiw, bfkjs lceply  ar`e f `koi-p`wiraul buefk`cd arfei. Zctb lcailiss iyis, tbi j`nlck`cd sbfenlis a`rtb.

FKCEFTID KIT  Lfrjii o`kstruot, uk  Lfrj ukflcjkid  flcjkid 

FO8 6> Bct ]`ckts8 ?? (1d6=)

_piid8 6= at. _T^ DIR  O@K CKT 61 (+?) 64 (+>) 66 (+=) 6 (-9)

 Eidcue ukdifd, ukdifd, kiutrfl iv ivcl  cl 

OBF 6 (-9)

Dfefji Ceeukctcis8 pcirockj, p`cs`k, psyobco

_iksis8  nlckdscjbt 1= at. (nlckd niy`kd tbcs rfdcus),

FO8 2

 pfsscvi ]iroiptc`k 1 Lfkjufjis8 -

Bct ]`ckts8 >> (?d2 + 3)

_piid8 >= at. DIR  O@K CKT 1 (->) 61 (+?) ? (-4)

Obfllikji8 > (49= R]) ZC_ 1 (->)

OBF 9 (-?)

_fvckj Tbr`ws8 Zcs += Dfefji Ceeukctcis8 p`cs`k O`kdctc`k Ceeukctcis8 p`cs`kid _iksis8 dfrgvcsc`k 1= at., pfsscvi ]iroiptc`k 2 Lfkjufjis8 ukdirstfkds O`ee`k fkd J`nlck nut ofk–t spifg tbie Obfllikji8 6/4 (9= R]) Ykdifd A`rtctudi8 Ca dfefji riduois tbi g`flcktb z`enci t` = bct p`ckts, ct eust efgi f O`kstctutc`k sfvckj tbr`w wctb f DO `a 9 + tbi dfefji tfgik, ukliss tbi dfefji cs rfdcfkt `r ar`e f orctcofl bct. @k f suooiss, tbi g`flcktb z`enci dr`ps t` 6 bct p`ckt ckstifd.

 FOTC@K_ Trcdikt8  Eilii `r ^fkjid Zifp`k Fttfog8  +? t` bct, rifob 9 at. `r rfkji >=/1= at., `ki tfrjit. Bct8 tfrjit.  Bct8 4  4 (6d1 + 6) pcirockj dfefji, `r 9 (6d2 + 6) pcirockj dfefji ca

Fktcefjco _usoiptcnclcty8 Tbi fkceftid kit cs ckofpfoctftid wbcli ck fk frif `a fk fktcefjco fktcefjco  st   stild  ild . Ca tfrjitid ny dcspil efjco, efjco, tbi fkceftid kit eust suooiid `k f O`kstctutc`k sfvckj tbr`w fjfckst tbi ofstir–s spill sfvi DO `r afll uko`ksoc`us a`r 6 eckuti. ec kuti. Aflsi Fppifrfkoi8  Zbcli tbi fkceftid kit riefcks e`tc`kliss, ct cs ckdcstckjucsbfnli ar`e f k`refl kit.

 FOTC@K_ Ikskfri.  Eilii Zifp`k Fttfog8  +9 t` bct, rifob 9 at., `ki tfrjit.  Bct8  Bct8   Ca tbi tfrjit cs f Eidcue `r sefllir orifturi, ct cs jrfpplid (isofpi DO 6?). Yktcl tbcs jrfppli ikds, tbi tfrjit cs ristrfckid, fkd ft tbi stfrt `a ifob `a tbi tfrjit–s turks, ct tfgis 4 (6d4 + >)  nludji`kckj dfefji. @kly `ki tfrjit ofk ofk ni ristrfckid ft f tcei, fkd tbi fkceftid kit ofk rilifsi f tfrjit wctb f n`kus fotc`k. Ca tbi fkceftid kit suaairs dfefji ar`e fk fttfog wbcli ristrfckckj f tfrjit, tbi tfrjit tfgis bfla `a tbi dfefji. Ca tbi s`uroi `a tbi dfefji cs pcirockj dfefji, tbi fkceftid kit d`is k`t suaair fky dfefji, wbcli tbi ikskfrid tfrjit suaairs aull dfefji.

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 

ZC_ ? (-4)

O`kdctc`k Ceeukctcis8  nlckdid, obfreid, difaikid, ixbfustc`k, arcjbtikid, pfrflyzid, pitrcstid, p`cs`kid

G@FLCKTB X@ENCI (?)

_T^ 6? (+6)

usid wctb tw` bfkds t` efgi f eilii fttfog.

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

>6

Tbcs w`rk, gk`ttid kit e`vis `k cts `wk foo`rd usckj cts o`rkirs fs fppikdfjis.

 Fwfrdckj  Fwf rdckj Ixpircikoi Dcvcdi 1== R] iquflly fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy diaift tbi fkceftid kit fkd tbi g`flcktb z`encis.

Ivikt #? Tcs ivikt `oours wbik tbi obfrfotirs jit wctbck 6== aiit `a frif 4->. Eyrcocf usis bir tilipftby t` wfrk tbie `a bir cepikdckj diecsi. Fk frofki spillofstir rioicvis tbcs plif. ^ifd `r pfrfpbrfsi tbi a`ll`wckj8

Ck y`ur eckd, y`u siksi f dispirfti plif a`r fsscstfkoi.  Fltb`ujb k`t fotuflly w`rds, y`u ofk aiil wctb f tckjli tbft wb`ivir cs cssuckj tbcs plif cs dispirfti a`r bilp, fkd tcei cs rukkckj `ut.

F^IF 4-> ‟ TBI TCDFL OBFENI^  (^iairikoi bfkd`ut #3 `k pfji 4:)   Zbik tbi ]Os iktir tbcs obfenir obfenir,, rifd `r pfrfpbrfsi tbi a`ll`wckj8

Ti d``r `piks t` rivifl f wcdi obfenir, pirbfps 1= aiit l`kj fkd fle`st fs wcdi. Ti soikt `a tbi sif cs str`kj biri. S`ur nfkd cs pirobid `k f 69-a``t-wcdi nflo`ky tbft ruks  ar`e tbi d``r d``r t` tbi `pp`scti wfll. Ct `vir `virl``gs l``gs tbi rrist ist `a tbi obfenir, 6= aiit nil`w. Ti 󿬎``r cs o`virid wctb pirbfps f  a``t `a `a jiktly lfppckj w wftir ftir wctb 󿬎`ftckj ncts `a sifwiid ffkd kd strckjy fljfi. Ck tbi oiktir `a tbi 󿬎``r cs f >=-a``t-squfri  p``l `a dfrg wftir wftir.. Ti wflls `pp`scti tbi nflo`ky fppifr t` ni r`ujb fkd p`ogefrgid o`rfl `utor`ppckjs, ikor`fobckj ar`e tbi 󿬎``r up t` tbi oiclckj, ixoipt a`r `ki siotc`k o`ktfckckj f d``r. _uspikdid `vir `ki suob `utor`ppckj cs f sefll, orudi, drcatw``d ofji, fttfobid t` f r`pi fkd f pulliy suspikdid ar`e f tbcog w``dik nife. Ti ofji cs sctuftid `vir f eitfl nrfzcir b`ldckj f sefll 󿬆ri, cts 󿬎feis jriidcly rifobckj a`r tbi ofji. Ckscdi tbi ofji cs tbi buddlid a`re `a f  jriik-yill`w  jriik-yill` w sif drfj` drfj`k, k, tbi sczi `a f lfr lfrji ji oft, wctb orces`kstfckid pfws. Fk in`ky-sgckkid ilvik buefk`cd pr`ds tbi ofptcvi drfj`k wctb f spifr. Tcs obfenir wfs `ki `a Frofdcfkus– afv`rctis. Ct wfs f kfturfl bfnctft bi oriftid t` `nsirvi efrcki lcai. Ti `pikckj ck tbi 󿬎``r cs k`t f p``l, nut fotuflly fk `pikckj t` tbi obfenir nil`w, fkd iviktuflly t` tbi `pik `oifk.  Fs tbi tcdi o`eis cck, k, tbcs obfenir 󿬎``ds t` f diptb `a fn`ut 1 aiit. Zbik ct j`is `ut, tbi wftir cs fn`ut 6 a``t diip. Frofdcfkus wfs a`kd `a ixpl`rckj sbcpwriogs a`r >>

 

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

trifsuri (ct–s wbft aukdid e`st `a bcs risifrob, fkd bcs ilfn`rfti t`wir). Bi dipl`yid tbi  Fppfrftu  Fppfrftuss Orustfoif   (sii frif 4-?) t` efgi ukdirwftir ixpl`rftc`k ifscir, fkd tbi nl`og fkd tfogli ck tbcs obfenir cs usid t` pull cties `ut `a tbi wftir, ckoludckj tbi  Fppfrftu  Fppfrftus  s   wbik ripfcrs fri kiidid. _`liefyf cs tbi in`ky-sgckkid ila, fotuflly fk fquftco dr`w olirco. Bir fquftco birctfji cs riviflid ny tbi jcll slcts `k bir kiog fkd 󿬆ki soflis. Frofdcfkus– afeclcfr, tbi sif psiud`drfj`k  psiud`drfj`k  Eyrcocf, cs tbi uka`rtukfti dceckutcvi drfj`k ck tbi ofji. w` g`flcktb wfrrc`rs  wfrrc`rs  fri or`uobckj fe`kj tbi o`rfl `utor`ppckjs, fkd ofk ni k`tcoid wctb f Zcsd`e (]iroiptc`k) obiog o`ktistid fjfckst tbicr Dixtircty obiog. @ki cs stftc`kid kifr tbi livir fl`kj tbi s`utb wfll, wctb fk`tbir ck tbi s`utbifst o`rkir `a tbi r``e. Livir.  Ti livir nijcks tbi iko`uktir ck tbi uprcjbt Livir.  (l`ogid) p`sctc`k. Ct tfgis fk fotc`k t` rie`vi tbi sfaity pck fkd pull tbi livir d`wk. Ca tbcs `oours, tbi ofji sl`wly disoikds t` tbi 󿬎feckj nrfzcir, tfgckj > aull r`ukds t` rifob tbi 󿬎feis. Durckj ifob `a tb`si r`ukds, Eyrcocf tfgis 6 p`ckt `a 󿬆ri dfefji `k bir turk. Zbik tbi ofji cs ck tbi nrfzcir, sbi tfgis > (6d4) p`ckts `a 󿬆ri dfefji ifob turk. Kifr tbi livir fri f orfkg fkd f w``dik wbiil tbft b`lds 6== aiit `a tbcog r`pi. Ca tbi b``g cs fttfobid t` s`eitbckj (suob fs fk ikiey ikiey,, `r tbi  Fppfrftu  Fppfrftus  s ) ct ofk ni bfulid up `ut `a tbi wftir wftir.. Ti _trikjtb obiog DO (`ki fd fddctc`kfl dctc`kfl obfrfotir ofk fsscst) fkd tbi rfti `a ritrcivfl dipikd `k tbi wicjbt `a tbi `nhiot (sii tfnli nil`w). K`ti tbft tbi   wicjbs fn`ut ?== p`ukds fkd ifob  Fppfrftuss Orustfoif  wicjbs  Fppfrftu g`flcktb wfrrc`r wicjbs fn`ut 6:9 p`ukds. Ti nl`og fkd tfogli nrifgs ca a`roid t` lcat e`ri tbfk 2== p`ukds `a wicjbt.  Zicjbt  Z icjbt `a @nhiot

_trikjtb Obiog

^fti

Yp t` 6== ln. 6=6 t` >== ln. >=6 t` ?== ln. ?=6+ ln.

DO 9 6= 69 >=

6= at./r`ukd 6= at./r`ukd 9 at./r`ukd ? at./r`ukd

J`ckj D`wk0 Tiri cs f j``d obfkoi tbi obfrfotirs kiid t` jit t` tbi 󿬎``r livil ck f burry. @a o`ursi, tbiy ofk usi tbi stips, nut tbiy fri 4= aiit fwfy fkd o`virid wctb slcey ncts `a fljfi. Ca f obfrfotir ruks d`wk tbi stips, f DO 6? Dixtircty obiog cs riqucrid. Ca tbcs obiog cs afclid, tbi obfrfotir slcps fkd tuenlis t` tbi n`tt`e `a ` a tbi stips su﬍irckj ? (6d1) nludji`kckj dfefji, ikdckj bcs turk pr`ki.

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

 Zi–ri T`` Lfti Iko`uktir frif 4-> cs fssueid t` ni iktirid ft l`w tcdi. Nut ca tbi obfrfotirs t``g tbicr tcei ixpl`rckj tbi uppir livils (a`r ixfepli, ny tfgckj a`ur sb`rt rists `r f l`kj rist), tbik fssuei tbi tcdi bfs o`ei ck, fkd tbi r``e–s wftir diptb cs 9 t` 1 aiit, jcvckj tbi g`flcktb  wfrrc`rs fkd _`liefyf f dcstckot fdvfktfji. Fls` fssuei tbft Eyrcocf bfs eit fk uktceily diecsi.  F obfrfotir o`uld fls` huep `﬍ tbi nflo`ky t` tbi 󿬎``r, 6= aiit nil`w. F afll difls ? (6d1) nludji`kckj dfefji fkd tbi tfrjit cs pr`ki. F suooissaul DO 69 Dixtircty (For`nftcos) obiog fv`cds tbi dfefji fkd tbi tfrjit lfkds `k bcs aiit.  F obfrfotir o`uld fls` huep ckt` tbi diipir wftir wftir,, riqucrckj `kly f DO 9 _trikjtb obiog t` bct tbi wftir. F DO 6= Zcsd`e (]iroiptc`k) obiog rivifls tbi wftir cs diip ik`ujb. Lfkdckj ck tbi wftir ofusis k` dfefji, nut tbi obfrfotir o`uld ni sunhiot t` dr`wkckj fkd tbcs flirts tbi `ooupfkts `a frif 4-?. Afcluri `k tbi _trikjtb obiog ofusis ? (6d1) nludji`kckj dfefji fkd tbi tfrjit ikds bcs turk pr`ki. Ofji. Ti ofji cs o`kstruotid `a drcatw``d pciois siourid  wctb liftbir strfps. Ti ofji cs fn`ut 9 aiit ck dcfeitir dcfeitir,, fkd tbiri cs f orudi d``r siourid wctb f rusty pfdl`og. F DO 69 Dixtircty obiog cs kiidid t` ukl`og ct (_`liefyf bfs tbi rusty giy), nut f obfrfotir efgis tbcs obiog ft dcsfdvfktfji ca suspikdid ck tbi fcr wbcli tryckj t` ukl`og ct. Ti l`og ofk fls` ni nr`gik (9 bct p`ckts, p` ckts, riscstfkoi t` slfsbckj fkd pcirockj wifp`ks), `r tbi ofji ofk ni nr`gik (6= bct p`ckts) `r a`roid `pik wctb f DO >= _trikjtb obiog. Ti r`pi ofk ni olcenid wctb f DO 69 _trikjtb obiog. Ti r`pi b`ldckj tbi ofji ofk ni out wctb > p`ckts `a slfsbckj dfefji `r nurst wctb f DO 6: strikjtb obiog.

Tcs cs f o`eplcoftid o`enft fkd sb`uld tist tbi eittli `a tbi bir`is. Ca k`t k`tcoid, tbi g`flcktb wfrrc`r ck tbi o`rkir fttfogs wctb surprcsi usckj f bifvy or`ssn`w. Ti `tbir e`vis kixt t` tbi livir wbcli 󿬆rckj bcs or`ssn`w. Bi tbik dr`ps bcs wifp`k fkd stfrts l`wirckj tbi ofji `k bcs kixt turk, fs disorcnid fn`vi. Ti g`flcktb wfrrc`rs 󿬆jbt t` tbi diftb. @k bir 󿬆rst turk, _`liefyf hueps ckt` tbi diip wftir fkd nl`ws bir efjco b`rk, suee`kckj tw` j`nlck sbfrgs,, fkd `rdirs tbie t` fttfog. Tiy bfvi plikty `a sbfrgs  wftir ck frifs 4-> fkd 4-? t` e`vi fkd fttfog. _bi tbik ofsts livctfti  fkd  fkd rcsis `ut `a tbi wftir. Zbcli b`virckj sbi ofsts o`eefkd  (usckj  (usckj f ?rd-livil sl`t) fkd `rdirs ` rdirs bifvclyfre`rid tfrjits t` huep ckt` tbi wftir. _bi tbik jrfns tbi r`pi ar`e tbi nl`og fkd tfogli, fkd spikds fk fotc`k siourckj birsila. Ysckj f n`kus fotc`k sbi ofsts spcrctufl wifp`k, wbcob lfsts a`r 6 eckuti7 sbi fttfogs wctb ct ifob a`ll`wckj turk wctb f n`kus fotc`k. Kixt r`ukd, sbi ofsts o`ktr`l wftir , priairrckj t` usi tbi wbcrlp``l i﬍iot. Ti  wbcrlp``l i﬍iot jfcks tbi fttiktc`k `a tbi g`flcktb wfrrc`rs ck frif 4-?, wbcob frrcvi ck tbi  Fppfrftu  Fppfrftuss Orustfoif   ck ? r`ukds. Ti 6=-a``t-wcdi v`rtix pulls tfrjits ck tbi  wftir wctbck >9 aiit, d`wk t` frif 4-? ca tbiy afcl f DO 6? _trikjtb (Ftblitcos) obiog. F tfrjit ck tbi v`rtix tfgis 3 (>d2) nludji`kckj dfefji, `r bfla dfefji wctb f DO 6? _trikjtb sfvckj tbr`w. F tfrjit ofk isofpi tbi v`rtix

Ti jriik-yill`w drfj`k ck tbi ofji cs Eyrcocf, Frofdcfkus– afeclcfr. Zbik tbi obfrfotirs frrcvi, sbi fjfck o`ktfots fk frofki spillofstir vcf tilipftby  fkd  fkd nijs t` ni ariid. Ca tbi obfrfotirs fppifr bisctfkt, sbi dcsplfys bir rid pfws fkd cka`res tbie sbi wfs lifvckj tbi oluis t` bilp tbie. @koi ariid, sbi cs viry jrftiaul. Ti JE ofk usi bir t` 󿬆ll ck fky `a tbi jfps ck tbi pl`t tbiy ecssid (sii Nfogjr`ukd). _bi ofk fls` fsscst tbie ck 󿬆kdckj fky riefckckj pciois `a tbi wckd obceis, fkd ixplfck tbicr usi ck `pikckj tbi siouri obist . _bi suspiots tbft _`liefyf siigs tbi n``g rijfrdckj tbi _bfd`wst`ki , fkd pirbfps bir efstir–s spilln``gs. ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

>?

 wctb f DO 6? _tr _trikjtb ikjtb (Ftblitcos) obiog ft dcsfdvfktfji. Ca bir o`koiktrftc`k cs dcsruptid, sbi a`ll`ws up wctb  `k fk ikiey spillofstir. Ca sbi bfs t` dfrgkiss, `r sclikoi  `k iktir eilii o`enft, sbi usis ouri w`ukds fkd sbcild `a  afctb `k birsila.

_@LIEFSF, _@LIEFS F, FVYFTCO D^ D^@Z @Z OLI^ OLI^CO CO  Eidcue buefk`cd buefk`cd (ila), kiutrfl iv ivcl  cl 

FO8  61 (studdid sbfrgsgck liftbir fre`r, rckj `a  pr`tiotc`k))  pr`tiotc`k Bct ]`ckts8 ?2 (:d2 + :)

G@FLCKTB ZF^^C@^ (>)

_piid8 ?= at., swce ?= at.

 Eidcue buefk`cd buefk`cd (j`nlck`cd), lfwau lfwaull ivcl 

FO86? (studdid sbfrgsgck liftbir fre`r)

_T^ DIR  O@K CKT ZC_ OBF 66 (+=) 61 (+?) 6> (+6) 6? (+6) 6: (+?) 61 (+?)

Bct ]`ckts8 66 (>d2 + >) _piid8  ?= at., swce ?= at.

_fvckj Tbr`ws8 _tr +6, Dix +6, O`k +6, Ckt +6, Zcs +1, Obf +1

_T^ DIR  O@K CKT ZC_ 6? (+6) 6> (+6) 6> (+6) 6= (+=) 6= (+=)

OBF 3 (-6)

_gclls8 ]iroiptc`k +9, ^ilcjc`k +?, _tifltb +9 _iksis8 dfrgvcsc`k 6>= at., pfsscvi ]iroiptc`k 69

_iksis8 dfrgvcsc`k 1= at., pfsscvi ]iroiptc`k 6=

Lfkjufjis8 Fqufk, Ilvcsb, Ykdiro`ee`k

Lfkjufjis8 O`ee`k, J`nlck

Obfllikji8 4 (6,6== R])

Obfllikji8 6/> (6== R])

_piocfl Iqucpeikt8 _`liefyf bfs f b`rk `a tbi j`nlck  sbfrg , f  p`tc`k `a biflckj , f rckj `a pr`tiotc`k, pr`tiotc`k, fkd f rckj `a giys.

Lcectid Fepbcnc`uskiss8 F g`flcktb ofk nriftbi fcr fkd wftir, nut kiids t` ni suneirjid ft lifst `koi iviry 4 b`urs t` fv`cd suaa`oftckj. Efrtcfl Fdvfktfji8  @koi pir turk, f g`flcktb ofk difl fk ixtrf : (>d1) dfefji t` f orifturi ct bcts wctb f wifp`k fttfog ca tbft orifturi cs wctbck 9 aiit `a fk flly `a tbi g`flcktb tbft csk–t ckofpfoctftid.

 FOTC@K_ Trcdikt8  Eilii `r ^fkjid Zifp`k Fttfog8  +? t` bct, rifob 9 at. `r rfkji >=/1= at., `ki tfrjit. Bct8 tfrjit.  Bct8 4  4 (6d1 + 6) pcirockj dfefji, `r 9 (6d2 + 6) pcirockj dfefji ca usid wctb tw` bfkds t` efgi f eilii fttfog. Bifvy Or`ssn`w8  ^fkjid Zifp`k Zifp`k Fttfog8 +? Fttfog8  +? t` bct, rfkji 6==/4== at., `ki tfrjit. Bct8 tfrjit. Bct8 :  : (6d6= + >) pcirockj dfefji.

Tbisi buefk`cds bfvi   st   stki, ki, jriik-soflid sgck fkd  jriik-nlfog  jriik-nlf og bfcr tcid ck f t`pgk`t. Sill`wid tiitb lcki fk `virsczid e`utb, fkd sivirfl rid-lckid jcll slcts  ﬎  slcts  ﬎ fri fri fl`kj tbicr kiogs. Tbicr eusolid a`res fri o`virid wctb sbfrgsgck fre`r, fre`r, fkd tbiy ofrry trcdikts fkd st`ut or`ssn`ws.

Aiy Fkoistry8  _`liefyf bfs fdvfktfji `k sfvckj tbr`ws fjfckst nickj obfreid, fkd efjco ofk–t ni usid t` put bir t` sliip. Ckkfti _pillofstckj8  _`liefyf–s ckkfti spillofstckj fnclcty cs Obfrcsef (spill sfvi DO 6?). _bi ofk ckkftily ofst tbi a`ll`wckj spills, riqucrckj k` eftircfl o`ep`kikts8

• Ft wcll8 dfkockj lcjbts  • 6/dfy ifob8 dfrgkiss, afirci 󿬆ri  (DO   (DO 6?), livctfti (sila `kly) _pillofstckj8 _`liefyf cs f :tb-livil spillofstir. Bir spillofstckj fnclcty cs Zcsd`e (spill sfvi DO 6?, +9 t` bct wctb spill fttfogs). _bi bfs tbi a`ll`wckj olirco spills pripfrid8

• Ofktrcps (ft wcll)8 jucdfkoi, tbfuefturjy  tbfuefturjy  • 6st livil (4 sl`ts)8 o`eefkd, ouri w`ukds, sbcild `a afctb • >kd livil (? sl`ts)8 sclikoi, spcrctufl wifp`k • ?rd livil (? sl`ts)8 fkcefti difd, jlypb `a wfrdckj  • 4tb livil (6 sl`t)8 o`ktr`l wftir  _uklcjbt _iksctcvcty8  _`liefyf bfs dcsfdvfktfji `k fttfog r`lls wbik sbi `r bir tfrjit cs ck suklcjbt.  suklcjbt. 

 FOTC@K_ 

>4

 

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

_pifr8  Eilii `r ^fkjid Zifp`k Fttfog8  Fttfog8  +> t` bct, rifob 9 at. `r rfkji >=/1= at., `ki tfrjit.  Bct8  Bct8 ?  ? (6d1)  pcirockj dfefji, `r 4 (6d2) pcirockj dfefji ca usid wctb tw` bfkds t` efgi f eilii fttfog.

 Fltb`ujb olfd ck  st ck  stki ki soflis o`virckj bir in`ky sgck, tbcs buefk`cd cs olifrly ilvik. Bir dilcofti a`re cs olfd ck sbfrgsgck fre`r studdid wctb o`rfl.  Bir Bir pfli  jriik bfcr tuenlis pfst pfst bir sb`uldirs, sb`uldirs, f stfrg o`ktrfst o`ktrfst t` bir vc`lit iyis. 

J@NLCK _BF^G (>) _efll nifst, ukflcjkid 

FO8 6? (kfturfl fre`r) Bct ]`ckts8 6? (?d1 + ?) _piid8  = at., swce 4= at. _T^ DIR  O@K CKT 6? (+6) 64 (+>) 6? (+6) 6 (-9)

ZC_ 6= (+=)

OBF 4 (-?)

_gclls8 ]iroiptc`k +> _iksis8 nlckdscjbt ?= at., pfsscvi ]iroiptc`k ]iroiptc`k 6> Lfkjufjis8 -

ES^COCF, _IF ]_IYD@D^FJ@K

Obfllikji8 6/> (6== R]) ]fog Tfotcos8 Tbi j`nlck sbfrg bfs fdvfktfji `k fk fttfog r`ll fjfckst f orifturi ca ft lifst `ki `a tbi j`nlck sbfrg–ss fllcis cs wctbck 9 aiit `a tbi orifturi fkd tbi flly sbfrg– csk–t ckofpfoctftid. Zftir Nriftbckj8 Tbi j`nlck sbfrg ofk nriftbi `kly ukdirwftir.

Tcky drfj`k, kiutrfl j``d 

FO8 6? (kfturfl fre`r) Bct ]`ckts8 : (>d4 + >) _piid8 69 at., ﬎y ?= at., swce >= at. _T^ 1 (->)

DIR  O@K CKT ZC_ OBF 69 (+>) 6? (+6) 6= (+=) 64 (+>) 6= (+=)

 FOTC@K_

_gclls8 ]iroiptc`k +4, _tifltb +4

Ncti8  Eilii Zifp`k Zifp`k Fttfog8  +4 t` bct, rifob 9 at., `ki tfrjit. Bct8 tfrjit.  Bct8 4  4 (6d4 + >) pcirockj dfefji, fkd tbi tfrjit cs jrfpplid (isofpi DO 6>) fs tbi j`nlck sbfrg ixtikds cts hfws. Ft tbi stfrt `a ifob `a tbi tfrjit–s turks, tbi tfrjit tfgis : (>d4 + >) slfsbckj dfefji fs tbi j`nlck sbfrg sbfgis cts bifd nfog fkd a`rtb.

_iksis8  nlckdscjbt 6= at., dfrgvcsc`k 1= at., pfsscvi ]iroiptc`k 64

Tbisi sbfrgs bfvi jrfy sgck, dfrg ie`tc`kliss iyis, fkd f   ﬎ ft, ft, pr`trudckj sk`ut. Ykdir cts sk`ut cs fk ixtikdfnli hfw lckid wctb ourvid, kiidli-lcgi tiitb.

Lfkjufjis8  ukdirstfkds O`ee`k fkd Drfo`kco nut ofk–t spifg tbie Obfllikji8 6/4 (9= R]) Giik _iksis8  Eyrcocf bfs fdvfktfji `k Zcsd`e (]iroiptc`k) obiogs tbft rily `k scjbt, bifrckj, `r seill. Efjco ^iscstfkoi8 Eyrcocf bfs fdvfktfji `k sfvckj tbr`ws fjfckst spills fkd `tbir efjcofl iaaiots. Fepbcnc`us8 Eyrcocf ofk nriftbi fcr fkd wftir. Lcectid Tilipftby8  Eyrcocf ofk efjcoflly o`eeukcofti scepli cdifs, ie`tc`ks, fkd cefjis tilipftbcoflly wctb fky orifturi wctbck 6== aiit `a ct tbft ofk ukdirstfkd f lfkjufji.

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

>9

 FOTC@K_  Ncti8  Eilii Eilii Zifp`k Zifp`k Fttfog8 +4 Fttfog8 +4 t` bct, rifob 9 at., `ki tfrjit. Bct8 tfrjit.  Bct8 4 (6d4 + >) pcirockj dfefji. _tckj8 Eilii  Eilii Zifp`k Zifp`k Fttfog 8 +4 t` bct, rifob 9 at., at ., `ki orifturi.  Bct8  Bct8   4 (6d4 + >) pcirockj dfefji, fkd tbi tfrjit eust suooiid `k f DO 66 O`kstctutc`k sfvckj tbr`w `r nio`ei p`cs`kid a`r 6 b`ur. Ca tbi sfvckj tbr`w afcls ny 9 `r e`ri, tbi tfrjit aflls uko`ksoc`us a`r

tbi sfei durftc`k, `r uktcl ct tfgis dfefji `r fk`tbir orifturi usis fk fotc`k t` sbfgi ct fwfgi. Tbcs yill`w-jriik drfj`k cs fn`ut tbi sczi `a f oft.  Ct bfs f wbcp-lcgi tfcl tbft ikds ck f nfrnid stckjir. stckjir.  Cts sk`ut cs r`ukdid, r`ukdid, lcgi tbft `a f sif b`rsi, fkd cts   ﬎ fkgs fkgs fri o`virid wctb lifay, gilp-lcgi pr`trusc`ks, o`koiflckj cts dilcofti wckjs.

 Fwfrdckj Ixpircikoi  Fwfrdckj Dcvcdi 6,9== R] iquflly fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy diaift _`liefyf, tbi j`nlck sbfrgs, fkd tbi g`flcktb wfrrc`rs. Dcvcdi >9= R] iquflly fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy risoui Eyrcocf.

 pfrftus Orustfoif , tbi strfkji eiobfkcofl orfn tbft k`w o`kar`kts tbi obfrfotirs. Ti o`kstruot cs aiinly pcl`tid ny tw` g`flcktb wfrrc`rs stcll jittckj f aiil a`r tbi divcoi–s o`ktr`ls. Tcs ukdirwftir obfenir wfs usid t` st`ri bcs rio`virid ukdirsif trifsuris, wbcob bfvi sckoi niik plukdirid ny Obflyobcf. Ti yill`wid trcp`d cs k`t efdi `a st`ki. Ckstifd, tbisi fri tbi nifgs rie`vid ar`e grfgiks. Ti tbrii nifgs fri sukg ckt` tbi 󿬎``r (vcf st`ki sbfpi spills), flcjkid p`cktckj up t` orfdli fk `rkfti obist. Ti obist ofk ni ifscly rie`vid ar`e tbi trcp`d, nut 󿬆rst tbi obfrfotirs kiid t` o`ktikd wctb tbi pftob `a fwfgikid gilp fn`vi, gilp fn`vi, f jcat ar`e f drucdco arcikd `a Frofdcfkus. Ti fwfgikid gilp cs tfsgid wctb fttfogckj fky`ki wb` dcsturns fky ctie `k tbi trcp`d. Nia`ri Obflyobcf t``g ct c t fwfy fwfy,, tbcs usid t` ni tbi ristckj plfoi a`r tbi _bfd`wst`ki . K`w, _`liefyf bfs e`vid tbi `rkfti obist t` tbcs l`oftc`k. _bi cs o`kvckoid tbi obist b`lds s`eitbckj cep`rtfkt nut bfs k` cdif b`w t` `pik ct. Ti obist cs w`rtb 1,9== jp a`r w`rgefksbcp fl`ki, nut cs fotuflly Frofdcfkus– siouri obist  (sii  (sii fppikdcx N) fkd b`lds tbi n``g tbi obfrfotirs kiid t` giip `ut `a Obflyobcf–s bfkds.

F^IF 4-? ‟ TBI _YKGIK QFYLT (^iairikoi bfkd`ut #6= `k pfji 42)   Zbik tbi ]Os iktir tbcs obfenir, rifd `r pfrfpbrfsi tbi a`ll`wckj8

Tcs obfenir cs o`eplitily suneirjid. Ti  󿬎``r cs crrijulfr crrijulfr,, nut jrfdufl jrfduflly ly sl`pis ar`e tbi wist, d`wk t` tbi ifst. @oofsc`kfl pftobis `a lifay gilp jiktly swfy ck tbi uksiik `oifk ourrikts. _ctuftid ft tbi wist ikd `a tbi r``e cs fk `dd trcp`d o`kstruotid `a se``tb, yill`wid st`ki `vfls, fkd supp`rtckj f w``dik obist n`ukd fkd jcldid ck j`ld o`epliti wctb itobid rukis. Fn`vi tbi obist, fttfobid t` tbi l`w oiclckj cs f swfyckj pftob `a tbcog, purpli sifwiid. Kifr tbi ifst ikd `a tbi obfenir cs f eitfllco orfn-lcgi o`kstruot, pirbfps 3 aiit l`kj. Ct nrfkdcsbis tw` jrfnnckj jrfnnckj pckobirs, fkd cs sup p`rtid `k icjbt `tbir sturdy lijs. @k cts nfog cs f w`rk eitfl l``p. Tcs usid obfenir lifds t` tbit``pik `oifk, fkd  wfs ny Frofdcfkus lfukob bcs  Fp>1

 

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

Ti Fppfrftu  bfs f lfrji eitfl l``p `k cts nfog. Tcs cs  Fppfrftus  s  bfs usid t` fttfob tbi Fppfrftu  t` tbi b``g ft tbi ikd `a tbi  Fppfrftus  s  t`  wckob ck frif 4->, t` b`cst tbi ukct `ut `a tbi wftir. wftir. Fstuti obfrfotirs ecjbt jit tbi cdif t` usi tbi b``g t` jrfn tbi Fppfrftu  fkd ckbcnct cts e`vieikt, `r ivik b`cst ct  Fppfrftus  s  fkd `ut `a tbi wftir, rikdirckj ct cki﬍iotcvi. Tcs riqucris f obfrfotir freid wctb tbi b``g fttfobid t` tbi r`pi t` efgi f suooissaul cepr`vcsid fttfog fjfckst fk FO `a 6=. B`wivir, dui t` tbi dc﬏oultly `a tb tbii tfsg, tbc tbcss fttfog r` r`llll cs ft dcsfdvfktfji. Ca tbi fttfog bcts, f DO 69 Dixtircty (_licjbt `a Bfkd) obiog cs kiidid t` fotuflly fttfob tbi b``g t` tbi l``p. Ti g`flcktb wfrrc`rs d`k–t bisctfti t` fttfog, a`ousckj `k tfrjits `k tbi  Fppfrftu  Fppfrftus  s . Ca p`sscnli tbiy try t` efkiuvir tbi obfrfotirs wctbck rfkji `a tbi fwfgikid gilp ar`kds (>= aiit), priairrckj t` fttfog tfrjits jrfpplid ny tbi fwfgikid gilp. Fttfogckj jrfpplid tfrjits jrfkts tbie fdvfktfji, nut sckoi pckobir fttfogs fri o`kscdirid cepr`vcsid, tbcs risults ck f rijulfr eilii fttfog.

tbr`ws, fkd tbi fwfgikid gilp ofk t usi tbi sfei ar`kd `k fk`tbir tfrjit. Ft tbi stfrt `a ifob `a tbi tfrjit–s turks, tbi tfrjit tfgis 1 (6d2 + >) nludji`kckj dfefji. ^iil8 Tbi fwfgikid gilp pulls ifob orifturi jrfpplid  ny ct up t` 6= aiit strfcjbt t`wfrd ct.

Tbi yill`w-jriik ar`kds wfvi jiktly ck tbi wftir, ixtikdckj ft lifst 6= aiit l`kj. Kueir`us spbircofl  jfs nlfddirs `oour tbr`ujb`ut tbr`ujb`ut tbi a`lcfji t` pr`vcdi nu`yfkoy.

G@FLCKTB ZF^^C@^ (>)  Eidcue buefk`cd buefk`cd (j`nlck`cd), lfwau lfwaull ivcl 

FO8 6? (studdid sbfrgsgck liftbir fre`r) Bct ]`ckts8 66 (>d2 + >) _piid8 ?= at., swce ?= at. _T^ DIR  O@K CKT ZC_ 6? (+6) 6> (+6) 6> (+6) 6= (+=) 6= (+=)

OBF 3 (-6)

_iksis8 dfrgvcsc`k 1= at., pfsscvi ]iroiptc`k 6=

FZFGIKID GIL]

Lfkjufjis8 O`ee`k, J`nlck

 Lfrjii plfkt, ukflcjkid   Lfrj

Obfllikji8 6/> (6== R])

FO8 6=

Lcectid Fepbcnc`uskiss8 F g`flcktb ofk nriftbi fcr fkd wftir, nut kiids t` ni suneirjid ft lifst `koi iviry 4 b`urs t` fv`cd suaa`oftckj.

Bct ]`ckts8 ?> (9d6= + 9) _piid8  >= at. _T^ DIR  O@K CKT ZC_ 69 (+>) 6= (+=) 6? (+6) 6= (+=) 6= (+=)

OBF : (->)

Dfefji Qulkirfnclctcis8 stri

Efrtcfl Fdvfktfji8 @koi pir turk, f g`flcktb ofk difl fk ixtrf : (>d1) dfefji t` f orifturi ct bcts wctb f wifp`k fttfog ca tbft orifturi cs wctbck 9 aiit `a fk flly `a tbi g`flcktb tbft csk–t ckofpfoctftid.

Dfefji ^iscstfkois8 nludji`kckj

 FOTC@K_

_iksis8 pfsscvi ]iroiptc`k 6= Lfkjufjis8 Fqufk Obfllikji8 6 (>== R]) Aflsi Fppifrfkoi8 Zbik tbi fwfgikid gilp riefcks e`tc`kliss, ct cs ckdcstckjucsbfnli ar`e k`refl gilp. Zftir Nriftbckj8 Tbi fwfgikid gilp ofk nriftbi `kly ukdirwftir. ukdirwftir.

 FOTC@K_ Eultcfttfog8 Tbi fwfgikid gilp ofk efgi tw` fttfogs wctb cts ar`kds fkd usi cts ^iil fotc`k. Ar`kd8  Eilii Zifp`k Fttfog8  +4 t` bct, rifob >= at., `ki tfrjit. Bct8 tfrjit. Bct8 Tbi  Tbi tfrjit cs jrfpplid (isofpi DO 6>). Yktcl tbcs jrfppli ikds, tbi tfrjit cs ristrfckid fkd bfs dcsfdvfktfji `k _trikjtb obiogs fkd _trikjtb sfvckj

Trcdikt8  Eilii `r ^fkjid Zifp`k Fttfog8  +? t` bct, rifob 9 at. `r rfkji >=/1= at., `ki tfrjit. Bct8 tfrjit.  Bct8 4  4 (6d1 + 6) pcirockj dfefji, `r 9 (6d2 + 6) pcirockj dfefji ca usid wctb tw` bfkds t` efgi f eilii fttfog.

Tbisi buefk`cds bfvi   stki,   stki, jriik-soflid sgck fkd  jriik-nlfog  jriik-nlf og bfcr tcid ck f t`pgk`t. Sill`wid tiitb lcki fk `virsczid e`utb, fkd sivirfl rid-lckid jcll slcts  ﬎  slcts  ﬎ fri fri fl`kj tbicr kiogs. Tbicr eusolid a`res fri o`virid wctb sbfrgsgck fre`r, fre`r, fkd tbiy ofrry trcdikts. t rcdikts.

 Fwfrdckj  Fwfr dckj Ixpircikoi Dcvcdi :9= R] iquflly fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy diaift tbi g`flcktb wfrrc`rs fkd tbi fwfgikid gilp. Tbcs R] fwfrd bfs niik fdhustid t` foo`ukt a`r tbi  Fppfrftus Orustfoif. Orustfoif.

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

>:

F^IF 4-4 ‟ TBI D@OG Ti ]Os ofk frrcvi ft tbi d`og ar`e frif >-> vcf tbi  wckdckj olc﬍-scdi pftb, `r tbiy ofk jit bir birii ar`e frif 4-> fkd tbi tw` d``rs. Ti d``r lifdckj t` frif 4-> cs l`ogid ar`e tbi ckscdi. Ct riqucris f DO 61 Dixtircty obiog t` `pik ar`e frif 4-4. Afcluri ny 6= `r e`ri `k tbcs obiog flirts fky a`is ck frif 4->, fs d`is j``d `ld-afsbc`kid nrifgckj tbi d``r d`wk. Zbik tbi obfrfotirs frrcvi ft tbcs l`oftc`k, rifd `r pfrfpbrfsi tbi a`ll`wckj, fdhustckj tbi tixt dipikdckj `k tbi fppr`fob8

Ti stc﬍ st`ki p`rtfl sorfpis fl`kj tbi r`ogy 󿬎``r fs ct rivifls tbi ixtirc`r `a tbi t`wir fkd tbi s`ukd `a orfsbckj wfvis kifrny. @k tbi `pp`scti scdi `a tbi d``r cs f sturdy w``dik d`og fn`ut 6= aiit wcdi fkd ixtikdckj ckt` tbi wftir fn`ut 69 aiit. Ti supp`rt tcenirs siie t` ni sukg rcjbt ckt` tbi olc﬍ afoi. F tbcog r`pi cs l``pid fr`ukd tbi lfst pclckj t` tbi liat, nut ct lifds ckt` tbi eurgy wftir. F trifobir`us pftb wckds cts wfy up tbi olc﬍ afoi t` tbi liat.  Frofdcfkus efcktfckid tbi d`og t` sirvi sifafrckj vcsct`rs t` bcs sif t`wir, tbus ft fll tceis tbi d``r t` frif 4-> cs gipt l`ogid. (Frofdcfkus bfd tbi `kly giy giy.) .) Ti wckdckj pftb lifds`at`Frofdcfkus frif >->, sivirfl bukdrid aiit fn`vi. F  drucd arcikd plfktid tbi fwfgikid gilp gilp  kifr tbi d`og. Zctb cts >=-a``t rifob, ct pr`vcdis f suctfnli jufrdcfk a`r tbi d`og fkd tbi iktrfkoi t` frif 4->. Durckj bir 󿬆rst fssfult `k tbi sif t`wir, _`liefyf niarcikdid tbi fwfgikid gilp usckj Fqufk. _ckoi Frofdcfkus lfrjily cjk`rid ct, tbcs wfs fk ifsy tfsg, fkd tbus tbi fwfgikid gilp wcll k`t fttfog _`liefyf `r bir g`flcktb  wfrrc`rs. Ti fwfgikid gilp ofk–t ni ditiotid uktcl ct stfrts e`vckj. Ti fwfgikid gilp ofk rifob `ut `a tbi wftir fn`ut 6= aiit, s` ct ofk rifob e`st tfrjits `k tbi d`og. d `og. Ct ofk ftup t` tw` tfrjits wctb c tswftir ar`kds. fttiepts jrfn ftfog tfrjit fkd pull ct ckt` tbicts t` Ctdr`wk. Ca ft`tfrjit st`ps strujjlckj, tbi ar`kd lits j` tbi a`ll`wckj turk fkd a`ousis cts fttiktc`k `k fk`tbir tfrjit.  Fk`tbir pridft`r lurgs ck tbi eurgy diptbs kifr tbi d`og. F 64-a``t-l`kj tcjir sbfrg  orucsis  orucsis tbi obfkkil. Ca ct ditiots strujjlckj ck tbi wftir (swceeckj, `r f jrfnnid tfrjit) ct e`vis ck t` fttfog wctb surprcsi ar`e nil`w ck f aiw r`ukds. Ti tcjir sbfrg e`vis ck a`r f ncti fttfog, fkd tbik ritrifts ckt` tbi obfkkil a`r f r`ukd `r tw`. Tik ct e`vis ck a`r tbi gcll, fttfogckj ifob r`ukd uktcl cts priy cs bilpliss. Ca riduoid t` 6= bct p`ckts `r liss, ct 󿬎iis t` tbi `pik `oifk. >2

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 

Dfefji ^iscstfkois8 nludji`kckj

 F DO 6= pfsscvi pf sscvi ]iroipt ]iroiptc`k c`k obiog (DO 69 ft bcjb tc tcdi) di) cs kiidid t` k`tcoi tbi iktrfkoi t` tbi bcddik jr`tt` `k tbi `pp`scti scdi `a tbi obfkkil (frif 4-9). Ti wftir ck tbi obfkkil cs turnulikt fkd vfrcis ck diptb ar`e 6= t` 9= aiit. Ft tbi d`og, tbi wftir plukjis t` fn`ut 9= aiit  wctbck 6= aiit `a tbi ikd `a tbi struoturi. Ti obfkkil ofk ni or`ssid vcf swceeckj `r ck tbi pftobid n`ft (sii nil`w). Ti obfrfotirs ecjbt diocdi t` swce ar`e tbi d`og t` tbi bcddik jr`tt`. Fltb`ujb tbcs `ptc`k cs arfujbt wctb efky dfkjirs, ct cs p`sscnli. Ti dcstfkoi cs 69= aiit, s` ct wcll tfgi f eckceue `a 6= swce obiogs t` efgi tbi  h`urkiy.. Ti wftir ck tbi obfkkil cs o`kscdirid s`ei h`urkiy  wbft r`ujb, s` DO 69 _trikjtb (Ftblitcos) obiogs fri kiidid t` swce, fkd giip ck eckd tbft ukliss tbi ]O bfs f swce spiid, fll swceeckj e`vieikt o`sts fk ixtrf 6 a``t `a e`vieikt. Ca tbi tcjir sbfrg bfs k`t niik drcvik `﬍ `r gcllid, ct fttfogs f swceeir ft s`ei p`ckt durckj tbi h`urkiy, h`urkiy, fs d ditireckid itireckid ny tbi JE. N`ft. Ti r`pi tcid t` tbi pclckj cs fttfobid t` f sefll  w``dik sgc﬍, suneirjid fn`ut 6= aiit nil`w tbi wftir.  Frofdcfkus usid tbcs n`ft aar`e r`e tcei t` tcei, nut wbik _`liefyf t``g o`ktr`l `a tbi sif t`wir, sbi souttlid tbi n`ft. Ti n`ft ofk ni pullid t` tbi surafoi suraf oi wctb f DO 6: _trikjtb obiog (up t` tbrii ]Os ofk fsscst), nut pftobckj tbi >-ckob >- ckob b`l b`lii pr`vcdi pr`vcdiss f nct e` e`ri ri dc﬏oult. Ti ffllobiecofl j`` (ar`e frif ?-4) cs oirtfckly fk `ptc`k, fs cs f eikdckj   spill. Ti sgc﬍ b`lds up t` a`ur eidcue orifturis, fkd o`eis wctb f pfcr `a `frs. Ti sgc﬍ w`uld ni cdifl t` usi t` or`ss tbi obfkkil t` frif 4-9. Ykdir tbi ecddli nikob sift cs siourid fk ieirjikoy gct ck f w``dik n`x tbft ofk ni dcso`virid wctb f DO 6? Zcsd`e (]iroiptc`k) obiog. Ti w``dik n`x cs siflid wctb wfx t` efgi ct wftirpr``a. Ct o`ktfcks tw` vcfls `a arisb wftir, wftir, tw` p`tc`ks `a wftir nriftbckj, fkd fk cr`k r`d wctb o`k ofst `k ct. tckufl 󿬎fei  ofst

FZFGIKID GIL]  Lfrjii plfkt, ukflcjkid   Lfrj

FO8 6= Bct ]`ckts8 ?> (9d6= + 9) _piid8 >= at. _T^ DIR  O@K CKT ZC_ 69 (+>) 6= (+=) 6? (+6) 6= (+=) 6= (+=) st

Dfefji Qulkirfnclctcis8 ri TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

OBF : (->)

Dfefji ^iscstfkois8 nludji`kckj

Tbcs sbfrg cs kifrly 69 aiit l`kj wctb f  ﬎  f  ﬎ fttikid fttikid sk`ut fkd f efsscvi efw wctb r`w up`k r`w `a b``gid,  sirrftid tiitb. tiitb. Tbi pfli jrfy jrfy nulgy n`dy cs afcktly lckid wctb nr`wk-nlfog nfrs `k cts  ﬎  cts  ﬎ fkgs, fkgs, fkd bfs f orifeywbcti ukdirscdi.

_iksis8 pfsscvi ]iroiptc`k 6= Lfkjufjis8 Fqufk Obfllikji8 6 (>== R]) Aflsi Fppifrfkoi8 Zbik tbi fwfgikid gilp riefcks e`tc`kliss, ct cs ckdcstckjucsbfnli ar`e k`refl gilp. Zftir Nriftbckj8  Tbi fwfgikid gilp ofk nriftbi `kly ukdirwftir. ukdirwftir.

 Fwfrdckj Ixpircikoi  Fwfrdckj Dcvcdi 19= R] iquflly fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy diaift tbi fwfgikid gilp fkd tbi tcjir sbfrg.

F^IF 4-9 ‟ TBI BCDDIK J^@TT@ J^ @TT@  FOTC@K_ Eultcfttfog. Tbi fwfgikid gilp ofk efgi tw` fttfogs wctb cts ar`kds fkd usi cts ^iil fotc`k. Ar`kd.  Eilii Zifp`k Fttfog8  +4 t` bct, rifob >= at., `ki tfrjit. Bct8 tfrjit. Bct8 Tbi  Tbi tfrjit cs jrfpplid (isofpi DO 6>). Yktcl tbcs jrfppli ikds, tbi tfrjit cs ristrfckid fkd bfs dcsfdvfktfji `k _trikjtb obiogs fkd _trikjtb sfvckj tbr`ws, fkd tbi fwfgikid gilp ofk–t usi tbi sfei ar`kd `k fk`tbir tfrjit. Ft tbi stfrt `a ifob `a tbi tfrjit–s turks, tbi tfrjit tfgis 1 (6d2 + >) nludji`kckj dfefji. ^iil. Tbi fwfgikid gilp pulls ifob orifturi jrfpplid

 ny ct up t` 6= aiit strfcjbt t`wfrd t`wfrd ct.

Ti iktrfkoi t` tbi bcddik jr`tt` cs `kly ` kly ixp`sid durckj l`w tcdi. Ca tbi obfrfotirs ixpl`ri tbcs frif, rifd `r pfrfpbrfsi tbi a`ll`wckj8

Ti ofvi iktrfkoi lifds t` f sb`rt, wckdckj, r`ujb-biwk  pfssfji tbft jrfduflly jrfduflly sl`pis up. Ti pfssfj pfssfjii ikds ft f sefll dfep jr`tt` pirbfps ?= aiit wcdi fkd 4= aiit l`kj. Ti oiclckj cs hust `vir 6= aiit bcjb, wctb ncts `a sifwiid drfpid fn`ut lcgi dcsofrdid pfrty afv`rs. Ti stikob `a `rjfkco diofy cs cktiksi, nut ct–s k`t hust r`ttckj sifwiid. Ti 󿬎``r cs o`virid wctb f huenli `a drcatw``d, pclis `a diofyckj sifwiid, fkd r`ttckj 󿬆sb. Fs y`u pcog tbr`ujb tbi dinrcs tbi slcog efss

_gclls8 ]iroiptc`k +>

sbcats wctb ifsi. Tcs cs f kfturfl jr`tt`, a`reid ny ir`sc`k fkd wfvi fotc`k `vir tbi oikturcis. Fltb`ujb Frofdcfkus ixpl`rid tbi jr`tt` yifrs fj`, bi bfd k` ceeidcfti usi a`r tbi frif, fkd tbus cjk`rid ct. Dui t` tcdfl fotc`k, tbi jr`tt` tikds t` fooueulfti fll efkkir `a drcatw``d fkd `tbir 󿬎`tsfe. ^ioiktly, ^ioiktly, tbcs ckoludid tbi n`d n`dcis cis `a tbrii fquftco dr`w slfck durckj tbi ckctcfl fssfult `k tbi sif t`wir. _`liefyf duepid tbi n`dcis ck tbi wftir, fkd fatir f tcdi oyoli, tbiy ikdid up biri. Ti r`ttckj 󿬎isb bfs fttrfotid f 󿬎`tsfe orfwlir, orfwlir, f nl`ftid w`re-lcgi e`kstr`scty wctb tuatid jclls `k tbi `utscdi ` utscdi `a cts n`dy n`dy.. Ct bfs flrifdy o`k-

_iksis8 nlckdscjbt ?= at., pfsscvi ]iroiptc`k ]iroiptc`k 6> Lfkjufjis8 -

sueid tw` nut tbi pr`vcdis s`ei oluis t`tbi tbi 󿬆rst kfturi `a n`dcis, tbi ikiecis tbi lfst obfrfotirs afoi.

Obfllikji8 > (49= R])

Ti jr`tt` 󿬎``r cs bcddik ukdir fll `a tbi 󿬎`tsfe, wbcob ofk jit diip ft tceis, fkd o`kstfktly sbcats. Ti 󿬎``r cs o`kscdirid o`kscd irid dc﬏ oult tirr tirrfck. fck. Bcj Bcjbir bir tbfk k`refl e e`vi`vieikt `r o`enft riqucris f DO 6> Dixtircty obiog ft tbi nijckkckj `a ifob obfrfotir–s turk. Afcluri ckdcoftis tbi obfrfotir bfs afllik pr`ki fkd bcs turk ikds.

TCJI^ _BF^G   Lfrjii nifst, ukflcjk  Lfrj ukflcjkid  id 

FO8 6? (kfturfl fre`r) Bct ]`ckts8 49 (1d6= + 6>) _piid8  = at., swce 4= at. _T^ DIR  O@K CKT 62 (+4) 6? (+6) 69 (+>) 6 (-9)

ZC_ 6= (+=)

OBF 4 (-?)

Nl``d Arikzy8 Tbi tcjir sbfrg bfs fdvfktfji `k eilii fttfog r`lls fjfckst fky orifturi tbft d`isk–t bfvi fll `a cts bct p`ckts. Zftir Nriftbckj8  Tbi tcjir sbfrg ofk nriftbi `kly ukdirwftir.

Ncti8  Eilii Zifp`k Zifp`k Fttfog8  +1 t` bct, rifob 9 at., `ki

Ti 󿬎`tsfe orfwlir cs bcdckj `k tbi oiclckj `a tbi jr`tt`. Ti obfrfotirs ofk k`tcoi ct wctb f o`ktistid Zcsd`e (]iroiptc`k) (]i roiptc`k) obiog virsus f Dixtircty obiog a`r tbi orfwlir. Ca tbi obfrfotirs afcl t` k`tcoi, ct fttfogs wctb surprcsi

tfrjit. Bct8 tfrjit.  Bct8 6?  6? (>d2 + 4) pcirockj dfefji.

 wbcli suspikdid ar`e tbi oiclckj (ct bfs 6=-a``t rifob

 FOTC@K_

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

>3

 

 wctb cts c ts tiktfolis). Zbcli ct riefcks `k tbi oiclckj, ct cs

N`tb fotc`ks rilifsi tbi sifs bfj, f b`rrcd aiy gk`wk fs

k`t sunhiot sunh iot tbi d dc﬏ c﬏oult tirr tirrfck fck `k ttbi bi 󿬎``r. Fltb` Fltb`ujb ujb qucti aull ar`e f rioikt j`rjckj, tbi orfwlir cs ifjir t` sfepli dc﬍irikt typis `a buefk`cd 󿬎isb. Ca tbi obfrfotirs tbckg fn`ut juttckj tbi 󿬎`tsfe orfwlir orfwlir,, ct tfgis fn`ut 6= eckutis fkd f sbfrp nlfdi t` o`epliti tbi diid fkd l`ofti tbi st`efob. F DO 69 Zcsd`e (]iroiptc`k) obiog rivifls f sefll `nscdcfk nr``ob, itobid  wctb iliotrue iliotrue dipcotckj f scogli-sbfpid stylczid li littir ttir “A― fkd f eusbr``e discjk. Tcs cs f B`usi A`rl`rkf nr``ob st`lik ny `ki `a tbi fquftco dr`w, sckoi Obflyobcf dcd k`t a`reflly ckvcti tbi fquftco trcni ckt` tbi A`rl`rkf Afecly,, yit. Ca tbi nfkd lid ny _`liefyf suooiids ck tbicr Afecly tfsg, tbiy wcll ni ckduotid ckt` tbi A`rl`rkf Afecly Afecly.. @ki `a tbi uka`rtukfti slfck wfs _`liefyf _`liefyf––s rcjbt-bfkd efk. Ti nr``ob pr`vcdis f p`wiraul olui `k tbi eystirc`us dr`w wczfrdiss wb` fttfogid tbi sif t`wir, fkd tbcs  w`uld ni viry viry vflufnli cka`reftc`k a`r tbi l`ofl futb`rctcis. Bfvckj tbi `rcjck `a tbi nr``ob syen`l cdiktc󿬆id cs niy`kd tbi so`pi `a tbcs fdvikturi, nut sb`uld ni p`sscnli wctb s`ei fstuti ckvistcjftcvi w`rg ny tbi obfrfotirs, fltb`ujb tbi l`oftc`k `a f sfji tbft spiocflczis ck tbi Ykdirdfrg w`uld ni bilpaul. Tiri fri tw` cties `a cktirist ck tbi efss `a 󿬎`tsfe tbft ofk ni l`oftid fatir f tb`r`ujb sifrob. Ti 󿬆rst cs tbi r`ttckj n`dy `a fk fquftco dr`w. Fltb`ujb tirrcnly dio`ep`sid (fkd kcnnlid `k ny typcofl sofvikjirs), f DO 69 Cktillcjikoi (Ckvistcjftc`k) obiog rivifls tbi buefk`cd wfs fk fquftco dr`w. Ti n`dy o`ktfcks dfefjid sbfrgsgck fre`r (sckjid ar`e efjcofl 󿬆ri), w`rk ukdir f nlfog-dyid sbfrgsgck vist. F o`rfl nlfdid dfjjir wctb f lfpcs lfzulc p`eeil (w`rtb 669 jp) cs tuogid ckt` f n``t. @k bcs liat bfkd cs f o`ppir rckj sit wctb tbrii pifrls ck f trcfkjulfr sbfpi. Fltb`ujb tbi rckj fppifrs t` ni w`rtb

E`rfjf. Ca rilifsid, E`rfjf aicjks fppriocftc`k fkd rilcia, nia`ri ukviclckj bir trui a`re fkd uklifsbckj bir B`rrc󿬆o Fppifrfkoi. _bi wcll fttiept t` usi bir Diftb Jlfri `k arcjbtikid tfrjits, `ki ft f tcei. Tik sbi fltirkftis nitwiik usckj tbi wfkd `a efjco ecssclis , typcoflly uklifsbckj tw` ecssclis twcoi, nia`ri ixpikdckj tbi 󿬆kfl tbrii obfrjis wctb tbrii ecssclis. Tik sbi wfdis ckt` o`enft wctb bir olfws, a`ousckj fttiktc`k `k tfrjits fvirtckj tbicr iyis. Ca riduoid t` 6= bct p`ckts `r liss, sbi usid f Dfsb fotc`k t` isofpi tbi jr`tt`, huepckj ckt` tbi wftir fkd swceeckj fwfy fs afst fs sbi ofk t` siig rivikji `k bir “nil`vid scstirs.―

AL@T_FE O^FZLI^  Lfrjii e`kstr  Lfrj e`kstr`scty `scty,, ukflcjkid 

FO8 6? (kfturfl fre`r) Bct ]`ckts8 96 (1d6= + 62) _piid8 ?= at., olcen ?= at., swce 69 at. _T^ DIR  O@K CKT 64 (+>) 6? (+6) 61 (+?) 6 (-9)

ZC_ 6> (+6)

OBF 9 (-?)

_gclls8 ]iroiptc`k +? _iksis8 dfrgvcsc`k 1= at., pfsscvi ]iroiptc`k 6? Lfkjufjis8 Obfllikji8 > (49= R]) Giik _eill8 Tbi ﬎`tsfe orfwlir bfs fdvfktfji `k Zcsd`e (]iroiptc`k) (]iroiptc`k) obiogs tbft rily `k seill. _pcdir Olcen8 Tbi ﬎`tsfe orfwlir ofk olcen dca stoult surafois, ckoludckj upscdi d`wk `k oiclckjs, wctb`ut kiidckj t` efgi fk fnclcty obiog.

?9= jp, ct–s fotuflly f rckj `a wftir wflgckj . Ti sio`kd ctie `a cktirist cs f orystfl 󿬎fsg, k` e`ri tbfk 1 ckobis ck bicjbt, tbft fppifrs t` b`ld f efcdik ck dcstriss. Ti ilvik efcdik cs olfd ck f sgcepy j`ssfeir driss, fkd p`ukds bir 󿬆sts `k tbi jlfss wbcli scliktly yillckj a`r fttiktc`k. Ti 󿬎fsg cs siflid wctb f j`ld-cklfcd dfrgw``d st`ppir, fkd tbi `utscdi `a tbi 󿬎fsg cs w`rk fkd dcrty. Ti 󿬎fsg wfs dcsofrdid ck tbi `oifk, fkd tbi ourrikts nr`ujbt ct t` tbcs jr`tt` fatir efky eclis. Ti ilvik efcdik cs fotuflly f sif bfj , oursid fkd trfppid ck tbi orystfl vcfl, nitrfyid ny bir bfj scstirs. Bir cllus`ry fppifrfkoi jrfkts bir tbi a`re `a f plifsckj ila. Ti

Tiktfolis8  Eilii Zifp`k Fttfog8  +1 t` bct, rifob 6= at., `ki orifturi. Bct8 orifturi.  Bct8 4  4 (6d4 + >) p`cs`k dfefji, fkd tbi tfrjit eust suooiid `k f DO 6? O`kstctutc`k sfvckj tbr`w `r ni p`cs`kid a`r 6 eckuti. Yktcl tbi p`cs`k ikds, tbi tfrjit cs pfrflyzid. Tbi tfrjit ofk ripift tbi sfvckj tbr`w ft tbi ikd `a ifob `a bcs turks, ikdckj tbi  p`cs`k iaaiot `k ctsila wctb f suooiss.

st`ppir ofk ni rie`vid ifscly ifscly,, `r tbi 󿬎fsg ofk ni nr`gik.

Ncti8  Eilii Zifp`k Zifp`k Fttfog8  +4 t` bct, rifob 9 at., `ki

?=

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 FOTC@K_  Eultcfttfog8 Tbi ﬎`tsfe orfwlir efgis tw` fttfogs8 `ki wctb cts tiktfolis fkd `ki wctb cts ncti. 

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

 

tfrjit. Bct8 tfrjit.  Bct8 :  : (>d4 + >) pcirockj dfefji.

Ykliss tbi tfrjit cs surprcsid `r tbi rivilftc`k `a

 F nl`ftid w`re ukdulftis cts nulg, fs f wrctbckj efss `a tiktfolis surr`ukdckj cts efw siigs  ﬎  siigs  ﬎ isb. isb. Kueir`us  pfcrs `a oclcftid lij-lcgi fppikdfjis o`vir tbi ukdirscdi `a tbi orifturi wbcli afk-lcgi arcllid orces`k  jclls fd`rk cts nfog.

E@^FJF, _IF BFJ

E`rfjf–s trui a`re cs suddik, tbi tfrjit ofk fvirt cts iyis fkd fv`cd efgckj tbi ckctcfl sfvckj tbr`w. Yktcl tbi stfrt `a cts kixt turk, f orifturi tbft fvirts cts iyis bfs dcsfdvfktfji `k fttfog r`lls fjfckst E`rfjf.  FOTC@K_  Olfws8 Eilii Zifp`k Fttfog8 +9 t` bct, rifob 9 at., `ki tfrjit. Bct8 tfrjit.  Bct8 6=  6= (>d1 + ?) slfsbckj dfefji.

 Eidcue aiy, aiy, obf`tco ivcl 

FO8 64 (kfturfl fre`r) Bct ]`ckts8 9> (:d2 + >6) _piid8  ?= at., swce 4= at. _T^ DIR  O@K CKT ZC_ OBF 61 (+?) 6? (+6) 61 (+?) 6> (+6) 6> (+6) 6? (+6) _iksis8 dfrgvcsc`k 1= at., pfsscvi ]iroiptc`k 66 Lfkjufjis8 Fqufk, O`ee`k, Jcfkt Obfllikji8 > (49= R]) _piocfl Iqucpeikt8  E`rfjf bfs f wfkd `a efjco ecssclis (: ecssclis  (: obfrjis). Fepbcnc`us8 E`rfjf ofk nriftbi fcr fkd wftir. B`rrcsto Fppifrfkoi8  Fky buefk`cd tbft stfrts cts turk wctbck ?= aiit `a E`rfjf fkd ofk sii bir trui a`re eust efgi f DO 66 Zcsd`e sfvckj tbr`w. @k f afclid sfvi, tbi orifturi cs arcjbtikid a`r 6 eckuti. F orifturi ofk ripift tbi sfvckj tbr`w ft tbi ikd `a ifob `a cts turks, wctb dcsfdvfktfji ca E`rfjf cs wctbck lcki `a scjbt, ikdckj tbi iaaiot `k ctsila `k f suooiss. Ca f orifturi–s sfvckj tbr`w cs suooissaul `r tbi iaaiot ikds a`r ct, tbi orifturi cs ceeuki c eeuki t` E`rfjf–s E`rfjf–s B`rrcsto Fppifrfkoi a`r tbi kixt >4 b`urs.

Diftb Jlfri8 E`rfjf tfrjits `ki arcjbtikid orifturi sbi ofk sii wctbck ?= aiit `a bir. Ca tbi tfrjit ofk sii E`rfjf, ct eust suooiid f DO 66 Zcsd`e sfvckj tbr`w fjfckst tbcs efjco `r dr`p t` = bct p`ckts. Cllus`ry Fppifrfkoi8  E`rfjf o`virs birsila fkd fkytbckj sbi cs wifrckj `r ofrryckj wctb f efjcofl cllusc`k tbft efgis bir l``g lcgi f k`refl orifturi `a bir jikirfl sczi fkd buefk`cd sbfpi. Tbi iaaiot ikds ca E`rfjf usis f n`kus fotc`k t` ikd ct, `r ca sbi dcis.

Tbi obfkjis wr`ujbt ny tbcs iaaiot afcl t` b`ld up t`  pbyscofl ckspiotc`k. F orifturi eust tfgi fk fotc`k t` vcsuflly ckspiot tbi cllusc`k fkd suooiid `k f DO 61 Cktillcjikoi (Ckvistcjftc`k) obiog t` dcsoirk tbi dcsjucsi. Tbi bfj bfs jrfy-jriik sgck fkd fk ukruly or`p `a gilplcgi bfcr. bfcr. Bir n`dy cs iefocftid, wctb jfkjly fres fkd lijs. _bi bfs dcrt-ikorustid olfws, f dcstikdid  st dcstikdid  st sb-lcgi e`utb, fkd `virsczid iyis.

 Fwfrdckj  Fwfr dckj Ixpircikoi Dcvcdi 3== R] iquflly fe`kj tbi obfrfotirs ca tbiy diaift tbi 󿬎`tsfe orfwlir fkd E`rfjf.

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

?6

O`koludckj tbi Fdvikturi Ca tbi obfrfotirs risoui Eyrcocf, sbi ofk fcd tbie ck rio`virckj tbi riefckckj wckd obcei pciois. @koi tbi pciois fri fssienlid, tbi siouri obist  ofk   ofk ni `pikid ny strcgckj tbi obceis ck tbi a`ll`wckj `rdir8 _ifl, Zbfli, _w`rd󿬆sb, D`lpbck. _yen`ls `a tbisi orifturis fri cksorcnid ck tbcs `rdir `k fll scdis `a tbi siouri obist  ck  ck vfryckj ripiftckj pfttirks. Tcs pfttirk f DO 2 Zcsd`e (]iroiptc`k) obiogcs ifscly ca tbi k`tcoid obist cswctb ixfeckid a`r f aiw eckutis. Cties ckscdi tbi obist fri pr`tiotid ar`e e`csturi fkd tbi ilieikts. Ourriktly, ct o`ktfcks f efsscvi t`ei, o`virid wctb sbfrg liftbir. Tcs t`ei cs f rio`rd `a fll `a Frofdcfkus– k`tis `k tbi _bfd`wst`ki,

o`epclid `vir yifrs `a risifrob. Ti t`ei cs prcoiliss.  Ft tbi JE–s JE–s `ptc`k, Frofdcfkus– spill n``gs (`r f aiw `a tbie) o`uld ni prisikt ck tbi siouri obist  fs  fs will. Ca tbi obfrfotirs suooiid ck rio`virckj tbi t`ei, fwfrd tbie ifob 4== R]. Eyrcocf cs wcllckj t` nio`ei tbi afeclcfr `a f wczfrd obfrfotir. ` o`epliti tbi n`kd, tbi wczfrd stcll kiids t` ofst tbi 󿬆kd afeclcfr Fltirkftcvily, Eyrcocf o`uld afeclcfr spill. Fltirkftcvily,  hust h`ck tbi pfrty fs f o`epfkc`k. Tcs w`rgs nist ca tbi pfrty o`ktfcks f olirco `a ]ilfjcf, f drucd, `r f nfrd.

 Fppikdcx F8 Kiw Kiw Efjco Ct Cties ies F]]F^FTY_ F]]F^F TY_ O^Y_TFOIF Z`kdr`us ctie, ukcqui

Tcs ukcqui eiobfkcofl o`kstruot wfs oriftid ny Frofdcfkus t` sifrob tbi `oifk 󿬎``r a`r sbcpwriogs fkd tbi n`ukty tbiy `atik b`ld. Ti cktirc`r cs lfrji ik`ujb a`r tw` Eidcue pcl`ts, wctb f supply `a 6d4 + 6 b`urs `a ` a fcr (`r d`unli ca tbiri cs `kly `ki `ooupfkt). Ti  Fppfrftu  Fppfrftus  s   ofk sfaily `pirfti ft diptbs up t` 3== aiit. Tiri fri 6= livirs, fkd ifob ofk ni fotcvftid wctb fk fotc`k. Ifob pcl`t ofk fotcvfti f dc﬍irikt livir ifob turk. Ti siorit oftob t` `pik tbi bftob riqucris f DO 69 Zcsd`e (]iroiptc`k) obiog t` l`ofti. Tcs obiog cs ft fdvfktfji ca tbi tfrjit wctkissis fk`tbir usi tbi bftob, nut cs ft dcsfdvfktfji wbcli tbi ukct cs e`vckj, suob fs ck o`enft. Nickj f efjcofl divcoi, tbi ukct ofk aukotc`k k`reflly wbcli tbi cktirc`r cs aull `r iepty `a wftir, fkd dcspil efjco  rikdirs  rikdirs tbi ukct ck`pirfnli a`r 6= eckutis wctb f suooissaul DO 6: spillofstckj obiog.

F^OFDCFKY_– O@^FL T@GIK Z`kdr`us ctie, o`ee`k

Ti wczfrd Frofdcfkus oriftid tbisi efjcofl o`rfl t`giks, ifob wctb f spiocfl p`wir (scjkc󿬆id ny f dc﬍irikt o`l`r `r sbfpi) usfnli `koi. F DO 69 Cktillcjikoi (Frofkf) obiog rivifls tbi trcjjir.  Zbik y`u usi fk fotc`k t` orusb f t`gik, cts efjcofl i﬍iot cs rilifsid `k y`u. Ykliss `tbirwcsi spioc󿬆id, fll ?>

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 

ILCRC^ @A _ZCEECKJ

Ti  Fppfrftu  Fppfrftus  s   bfs fk Fre`r Olfss `a >= fkd 6>= bct p`ckts, nut a`r iviry >= bct p`ckts `a dfefji ct rioicvis f dc﬍irikt pfrt eflaukotc`ks (r`ll 6d1 `k tfnli nil`w). Ct bfs riscstfkoi t` slfsbckj fkd pcirockj wifp`ks. Cts spiid cs >= aiit, fkd ct ofk efjcoflly swce ft 6= aiit. Cts tw` pckobirs ofk ni usid t` fttfog, usckj tbi pcl`t–s fttfog e`dc󿬆ir fs fk cepr`vcsid wifp`k. F pckobir bct ofusis 6= (>d1 + ?) nludji`kckj dfefji. 6d1 r`ll 6 > ? 4 9 1

Tfr frji jiti tid d L` L`of oftc tc`k `k

I﬍ I﬍io iot  t 

^cjbt pckobir Liat pckobir _wceeirits Lijs

Ofk–t fttfog   Ofk–t fttfog   L`sis swce spiid _piid riduoid t` 9

Bftob Qciwp`rt

aiit Ofk–t `pik `r ol`si ]cl`ts nio`ei nlckdid

i﬍iots lfst a`r 6 b`ur.  F aiw ixfeplis a`ll`w a`ll`w,, nut tbi JE cs iko`urfjid t` orifti e`ri. O`l`r

I﬍iot 

Nlui

Zftir nriftbckj 

Jriik

Ariid`e `a e`vieikt 

]ckg

Zftir wflg 

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

 ]`tc`k, uko`ee`k uko`ee`k

Tcs vcfl b`lds fk `cly nlui 󿬎ucd. Ti ecxturi cs slcppiry `k tbi t`kjui, fkd bfs f slcjbt 󿬆sby `d`r. Zbik y`u

B@^K @A TBI J@NLCK _BF^G  Z`kdr`us ctie, uko`ee`k

Tcs efjco ckstrueikt cs afsbc`kid `ut `a tbi o`kcofl, ofrtclfjck`us sgull `a f j`nlck sbfrg, fkd usuflly fd`rkid  wctb f tbcog liftbir o`rd fs f strfp. @koi pir dfy y`u

drckg tbcs ilcxcr, y`u jfck f swceeckj spiid `a ?= fkd swceeckj o`sts k` ixtrf e`vieikt a`r 6 b`ur.

ofk usi fk fotc`k t` nl`w tbi b`rk ukdirwftir t` suee`k tw` j`nlck sbfrgs, fs pir o`khuri fkcefls. Ti j`nlck sbfrgs fppifr wctbck ?= aiit `a tbi b`rk nl`wir, fkd ofk ni o`eefkdid t` fttfog. Ti j`nlck sbfrgs lfst a`r 6 b`ur,, `r uktcl riduoid t` = bct p`ckts. b`ur

 Fppikdcx N8 Kiw Frofki _pills 󿬆kcsbid (fkd sirvis fs tbi eftircfl o`ep`kikt a`r tbi spill). @koi o`epliti, tbi obist ofk ni ikobfktid.

_IOY^I OBI_T 9tb-livil o`khurftc`k

Ofstckj Tcei8 6= Tcei8 6= eckutis ^fkji8 `uob ^fkji8  `uob O`ep`kikts8 Q O`ep`kikts8  Q,, _, E (f oust`e-discjkid obist w`rtb ft lifst 9,=== jp) Durftc`k8 Ckstfktfki`us Durftc`k8  Ckstfktfki`us Tcs spill eust ni ofst `k f spiocflly afnrcoftid obist `a ixoillikt quflcty, efdi ar`e rfri bfrdw``d suob fs dfrgw``d, cr`kw``d, tifg, `r nlfog `fg. Ti nfkdckjs, nrfois, olfsps, fkd kfcls eust ni efdi `a plftckue `r j`ld, fkd tbi obist cs `atik sit wctb prioc`us st`kis `r jcldid wctb prioc`us eitfls. Ti obist cs typcoflly fn`ut ? aiit l`kj ny > aiit wcdi fkd > aiit bcjb. Ti obist cs f ukcqui pcioi `a frt, fkd w`rtb ft lifst 9,=== jp wbik

Ti obist ofk b`ld 6 ounco a``t `a eftircfl pir livil `a tbi ofstir, dispcti tbi pbyscofl dceiksc`ks `a tbi fotufl obist. Ti ckscdi cs fotuflly fk ixtrfdceiksc`kfl spfoi, sceclfr t` f nfj `a b`ldckj . Fltb`ujb tbi obist ofk ni k`reflly l`ogid, tbi o`ktikts ofk `kly ni fooissid ny f spiocfl pr`oiduri sit ft tbi tcei `a tbi ofstckj. Tcs pr`oiduri ofk ni tbi usi `a f ukcqui giy, f pfssw`rd, `r ivik f spioc󿬆o s`ukd, suob f aiw sb`rt k`tis ar`e f spioc󿬆o ckstrueikt. Zctb`ut usckj tbi spioc󿬆o pr`oiduri, tbi obist ofk ni `pikid, nut cts o`ktikts riefck sfaily bcddik ck tbi ixtrfdceiksc`kfl spfoi. Ca f lcvckj orifturi cs plfoid ck tbi obist, ct eust ift, nriftbi, fkd drckg wftir k`reflly.

 Fppikdcx O8 _oflckj tbi Fdvikturi Fdvikturi Ti ]cllfrs `a ]ilfjcf  cs  cs discjkid a`r a`ur t` scx ?rd-livil obfrfotirs. Ti k`tis nil`w ofk ni usid t` o`kvirt tbi fdvikturi t` a`ur t` scx 1tb-livil obfrfotirs. Ca tbisi fd husteikts fri efdi ct–s oruocfl t` fls` fdhust tbi trifsuri a`ukd ck tbi vfrc`us iko`uktir frifs fppr`prcfti t` tbi ckorifsid obfllikjis. Zfrkckj8 _p`clirs a`ll`w!

 Frif 6-6 ^ie`vi tbi Efjco Ckctcfti trfct ar`e E`rillf, fkd o`kvirt bir nfog t` f rijulfr bfrpy   (O^ 67 sii E`kstir

Efkufl p. 626). Efgi ct tbrii rijulfr bfrpcis ny fddckj tw` e`ri fs scstirs, fkd jcvi ifob f efjco ctie t` ikbfkoi tbicr o`enft fnclctcis. Ixfeplis ckoludi f p`tc`k `a spiid , f  p`tc`k `a 󿬆ri nriftb, fkd f rckj `a tbi rfe. Ti lfttir ofk ni usid t` tfrjit orifturis or`ssckj tbi nrcdji  wctb tbi ixpikdcturi ixpikdcturi `a f obfrji (fkd tbi pusb fttfog). F DO 69 Dixtircty sfvckj tbr`w ofk ni fttieptid t` fv`cd afllckj `﬍ tbi nrcdji. Fdd f a`urtb bfrpy, fs f eftr`k,  wctb ckorifsid bct dcoi fkd tbi Efjco Ckctcfti trfct (fd hustid t` O^ >).

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 

 Frif 6-9

 Frif 4-6

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

??

Ckorifsi tbi fkceftid st`ki orfn–s bct orfn–s bct dcoi, strikjtb, fttfogs (fkd dfefji), fkd FO (fdhustckj t` O^ 4). O`kvirt tbi swfres `a orfns t` orfns t` Lfrji sczi, wbcob ckorifsis tbicr bct dci typi (fdhustckj t` O^ 6).

 Frif >-6

 Fdd tw` e`ri fkceftid kits, kits, fkd tbrii e`ri g`flcktb z`encis.. z`encis

 Frif 4->  Fdd tw` e`ri g`flcktb wfrrc`rs  wfrrc`rs  t` tbi obfenir. ^ie`vi tbi b`rk `a tbi j`nlck sbfrg  fkd   fkd riplfoi _`liefyf

Ckorifsi tbi t`tfl fkceftid sbfrg hfws ar`e hfws ar`e icjbt t` 6>. Ckorifsi tbi fkceftid sbfrg hfws– sczi ar`e cky t` _efll,  wbcob ckorifsis ckorifsis tbi bct dci typi. Ct Ct––s fls` rio`eeikdid t` ckorifsi tbicr O`kstctutc`k ny >, s` bct p`ckts fri k`w 61 (?d1 + 1). Ackflly, Ackflly, ckorifsi tbi FO t` 64 fkd nfsi d dfefji fefji ar`e 6d4 t` 6d1. Ifob fkceftid sbfrg hfw cs k`w o`kscdirid t` ni O^ 6/>. Ckorifsi tbi obfllikji `a tbi trfp ny ckorifsckj tbi dfefji.

 wctb Obflyobcf A`rl`rkf . _bi jrfois tbi o`vir `a tbi e`duli, fatir fll!

OBFLSOBCF, AIEFLI LCKJ ZCXF^D

D^@Z/TCIA-

 Eidcue  st  Eidcue   stikd, ikd, lfwaul ivcl 

FO8 62 (stfaa `a p`wir , ol`fg `a pr`tiotc`k) pr`tiotc`k) Bct ]`ckts8 32 (6>d2 + >4) _piid8 ?= at., ﬎y ?= at.

 Frif >-> Ckorifsi fll `a tbi _trikjtb fkd Dixtircty fnclcty obiog DOs ny > t` 4.

 Frif >-?

_T^ DIR  O@K CKT ZC_ OBF 6> (+6) 6? (+6) 6> (+6) 6= (+=) 6= (+=) 6? (+6) _fvckj Tbr`ws8  _tr +?, Dix +6>, O`k +?, Ckt +6>, Zcs +?, Obf +6= _gclls8 Frofkf +3, Bcst`ry +3, ]iroiptc`k +:

_fei obfkjis fs pir frif 6-6, rijfrdckj tbi afecly `a bfrpcis.. Fls` fdd fk`tbir sif skfgi. bfrpcis skfgi.

Dfefji ^iscstfkois8 stri _iksis8 dfrgvcsc`k 6>= at., pfsscvi ]iroiptc`k 6: Lfkjufjis8 O`ee`k, Ilvcsb, Ckairkfl, Ykdiro`ee`k Obfllikji8 3 (6,6== R])

 Frif ?-> O`kvirt tbi nlfog puddli t` f aull-sczid nlfog puddckj   (O^ 47 sii EE pfji >46) fkd fdhust tbi sczi `a tbi jfrnfji obuti foo`rdckjly.

_piocfl Iqucpeikt8  Obflyobcf p`ssissis f  stfaa `a  p`wir (>= obfrjis)  ,, slcppirs `a spcdir spcdir olcenckj, olcenckj, f ol`fg `a pr`tiotc`k, f p`tc`k `a `a supirc`r biflckj, fkd f p`tc`k f p`tc`k `a jfsi`us a`re. O`khurftc`k _fvfkt8  Obflyobcf ofk usi tbi Eck`r O`khurftc`k, Nikcjk Trfksp`sctc`k, fkd A`ousid O`khurftc`k sob``l aifturis.

 Frif ?-4 O`kvirt tbi p`llutid eidcue fcr ilieiktfl t` f sczi Lfrji fcr ilieiktfl (sii ilieiktfl (sii EE pfji 6>4). Tcs fdhusts tbi O^ t` 9. O`kscdir ckorifsckj tbi stfts, FO, fkd bct dcoi t` o`kvirt ct t` f suctfnli O^ 1 e`kstir e`kstir..

O`ktckjikoy8 Obflyobcf bfs ofst f o`ktckjikoy o`ktckjikoy spill.  spill. Zbik riduoid t` >9 `r aiwir bct p`ckts, tbi o`ktckjikoy o`ktckjikoy   trcjjirs f dceiksc`k d``r  spill.  spill. Aiy Fkoistry8  Obflyobcf bfs fdvfktfji `k sfvckj tbr`ws fjfckst nickj obfreid, fkd efjco ofk–t ni usid t` put bir t` sliip. Ckkfti _pillofstckj8  Obflyobcf–s ckkfti spillofstckj

fnclcty cs Obfrcsef (spill sfvi DO 69). _bi ofk ?4

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

 

ckkftily ofst tbi a`ll`wckj spills, riqucrckj k` eftircfl

 pr`v`gckj `pp`rtukcty fttfogs.

o`ep`kikts8

_fvckj Tbr`w8 Obflyobcf ofk fttiept f sfvckj tbr`w t` ikd fk iaaiot.

• Ft wcll8 dfkockj lcjbts, tbfuefturjy  • 6/dfy ifob8 afirci 󿬆ri, billcsb rinugi, livctfti (sila `kly) • >/dfy8 dfrgkiss  _pillofstckj. Obflyobcf cs f 6>tb-livil spillofstir. Bir spillofstckj fnclcty cs Cktillcjikoi (spill sfvi DO 6:, +66 t` bct wctb spill fttfogs). _bi bfs tbi a`ll`wckj wczfrd spills pripfrid8

• Ofktrcps (ft wcll)8 nlfdi wfrd, 󿬆ri n`lt, efji bfkd, p`cs`k sprfy, sb`ogckj jrfsp • 6st livil (4 sl`ts)8 aiftbir afll, efjco ecsscli, ecsscli, rfy `a scogkiss, sliip, wctob n`lt   • >kd livil (? sl`ts)8 b`ld pirs`k, ecsty stip, sii ckvcscnclcty  • ?rd livil8 (? sl`ts)8 o`uktirspill, stckgckj ol`ud, vfe pcrco t`uob • 4tb livil (? sl`ts)8 o`khuri eck`r ilieiktfls, coi st`re • 9tb livil (> sl`ts)8 o`ki `a o`ld, o`khuri ilieiktfl, til-

ip`rtftc`k ocroli  • 1tb livil (6 sl`t)8 efss sujjistc`k _uklcjbt _iksctcvcty8  Zbcli ck suklcjbt, Obflyobcf bfs dcsfdvfktfji `k fttfog r`lls, fs will fs Zcsd`e (]iroiptc`k) obiogs tbft rily `k scjbt.  scjbt. 

Obflyobcf bfs sgck fs nlfog fs tbi `oifk–s diip fnyss, fkd ecdkcjbt l`kj bfcr strifgid wctb n`ki wbcti. Bir  afocfl aifturis fri fri  stki   stki fkd sbi sp`rts fk fllurckj, tbck  secli. Bir lfrji iyis fri vc`lit fkd pcirockj. Nr`kzi twcstid b`rks or`wk bir bifd, afcktly ofrvid wctb  jl`wckj ildrctob rukis. _bi wifrs f o`l`raul sclgik  j`wk wctb fk `virsczid in`ky ol`fg drfpid `vir bir dilcofti sb`uldirs.

 Frif 4-? ^iplfoi tbi g`flcktb wfrrc`rs wctb g`flcktb ofptfcks  ofptfcks  (sii EE pfji 621). Tcs efgis ifob `a tbie O^ ?. Fdd fk`tbir fwfgikid gilp. gilp.

 Frif 4-4  Fdd fk`tbir fwfgikid gilp  gilp  kifr tbi d`og. Ckstifd `a tbi tcjir sbfrg, usi jcfkt sbfrg  stfts  stfts (sii EE pfji ?>2) a`r f jrift wbcti sbfrg. Tcs sbfrg cs k`w O^ 9.

 Frif 4-9  Fdd tw` e`ri 󿬎`tsfe orfwlirs. orfwlirs.

 FOTC@K_ 

_tfaa `a ]`wir8  Eilii Eilii Zifp`k Zifp`k Fttfog 8 +1 t` bct, rifob 9 at., `ki tfrjit. Bct8 tfrjit. Bct8 1 (6d2 + >) nludji`kckj dfefji (tw`-bfkdid), `r +1 bct, rifob 9 at., `ki tfrjit.  Bct8  Bct8   9 (6d1 +>) nludji`kckj dfefji (`ki-bfkdid). Ca Obflyobcf ixpikds f obfrji ar`e tbi stfaa, sbi fdds ? (6d1) a`roi dfefji.  LIJIKDF^S  LIJIKDF^ S FOTC@K_  FOTC@K_  Obflyobcf ofk tfgi ? lijikdfry fotc`ks, ob``sckj ar`e tbi `ptc`ks nil`w. @kly `ki lijikdfry fotc`k `ptc`k ofk ni usid ft f tcei fkd `kly ft tbi ikd `a fk`tbir orifturi–s turk. Obflyobcf rijfcks spikt lijikdfry fotc`ks ft tbi stfrt ca bir turk. Ofktrcp (o`sts > Fotc`ks)8 Obflyobcf ofk ofst `ki `a bir gk`wk ofktrcps. E`vi8  Obflyobcf ofk e`vi up t` bir spiid wctb`ut ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

?9

?1

 

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

?:

?2

 

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 

]  l  f 

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

?3

y  i  r  B  f  k  d  `  t  u  #  6  F  ^  I  F  6  -  6 

]  l  f  y  i  r  B  f  k  d  `  u  t  #  ?  F  ^  I  F  >  6  -  4=

 

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

   ?      6    F    I    ^    F    >    #    t    u    `    d    k    f    B    r    i    y    f    l    ] ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 

]  l  f 

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

46

y  i  r  B  f  k  d  `  t  u  #  4  F  ^  I  F  6  -  ? 

4>

 

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

   9      6    F    I    ^    F    9    #    t    u    `    d    k    f    B    r    i    y    f    l    ] ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 

]  l  f  y 

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

4?

i  r  B  f  k  d  `  t  u  #  1  F  ^  I  F  >  -  6 

44

 

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

   6      >    F    I    ^    F    :    #    t    u    `    d    k    f    B    r    i    y    f    l    ] ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 

]  l  f  y 

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

49

i  r  B  f  k  d  `  u  t  #  2  F  ^  I  F  >  -  6 

41

 

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

   >      4    F    I    ^    F    3    #    t    u    `    d    k    f    B    r    i    y    f    l    ] ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

 

]  l  f  y 

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF 

4:

i  r  B  f  k  d  `  u  t  #  6  =  F  ^  I  F  4  -  ? 

42

ACATB IDCTC@K AFKTF_S

TBI pcllfrs `a pILFJCF