Ficha de Lectura 3

 

 KOPLSL@K@ Dº0. Clomk `f hfoturk hfoturk `fh kutar kutar Krtura Fsoabkr. Fsoabkr.

Fh huikr `f hk dkturkhfzk y hk dkturkhfzk `fh huikr 

^rfsfdtk`a ^ar: KDI\ EFHL__K EFHL__K _VDOF PRVJLHHA.-L@: PRVJLHHA.-L@: 3=969=

 Kslidkturk. Mfrrkelfdtk `f Ifsÿd Oaeudltkrlk

Prkbkja _aolkh.  LS _fefstrf

@aofdtf. Fhgld @kråa Mliultk fhgld.mliultk.iNVdlelduta.F`u.Oa Dro: =;3?. Dro:  =;3?.

Oarparkolÿd Vdlvfrsltkrlk Elduta `f @las. Ckouhtk` `f Olfdolks _aolkhfs y Muekdks.

 

Dflvk-Mulhk

CLOMK @F HFOPVRK Da.?

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BLBHLAIRKCÅK Fsoabkr, K. (s.c.). Fh huikr `f hk dkturkhfzk y hk dkturkhfzk `fh huikr±Iabkhlzkolÿd a  past`fskrrahha1 Abtfdl`a `f clhf:///O:/Vsfrs/Hlsk/@awdhak`s/IhabkhlzkolQdQy %2>pas`fskrrahha%2>Fsoabkr.p`c 

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ABJFPLSA \ PFEK_ [VF ^RA^ADF FH PF]PA Fh oadofpta `f huikr tlfdf vkrlks slidlclokoladfs, `fs`f ha haokh k ha ihabkh slfd`a ud tfek `f ‘kyu`k a ud lepf`lefdta pkrk pfdskr hk ouhturk―7 hk kusfdolk `f huikr sf mk vufhta ud ckotar `f hk oad`lolÿd oad`lol ÿd ea`frdk, oaea fh `f has rfcuilk`as y fxlhlk`as. ‘Hks tfaråks sabrf hk ihabkhlzkolÿd ihabkhlzkolÿd mkd  pra`uol`a udk ekrildkh ekrildkhlzkolÿd lzkolÿd slidlcloktlvk slidlcloktlvk `fh huikr―, slfd`a fh huikr ‘oaea hk fxpfrlfdolk fxpfrlfdolk `f udk haokhl`k` fspfolclok. Kr Krtu tura ra Fsoa Fsoabk bkr r kh sfûk sfûkhk hkrr hk hkss cu cufd fdtf tfss or oråt åtlo loks ks k hk hkss qu quff ko kou` u`ff oa oaea ea oa oads dstr truo uool olÿd ÿd y `foadstruoolÿ `foadst ruoolÿdd `f pfdskelfdta pfdskelfdta hktl hktldakefrl dakefrlokda okda tkhfs oaea: kdtrapahÿilo kdtrapahÿilok, k, foahÿilok7 foahÿilok7 pastfstruoturkhlstk y past-ekrxlstk fd saolf`k`fs ihabkhfs y haokhfs hks oukhfs oaepadfd hk prapufstk `fh past`fskrrahha fd hk phurlvfrskhl`k`. PF_L_ OFDPRKHF_ Hk oadstruoolÿd `fh pfdskelfdta `f-oahadlkh fd hk pahåtlok pfreltf kh hfotar rfoadaofr rutks `f rfchfxlÿd rfchfxl ÿd y eavlh eavlhlzkolÿ lzkolÿdd fd prëotloks tfÿrloks y tfarå tfaråks ks fd hk prëotlok k pkrtlr pkrtlr `f hk oaeprfdslÿd oaeprfdslÿd `f oaeudl`k`fs haokhfs `f kclrekolÿd quf sf oadstltuyfd fd rfcfrfdtfs kh `fsoahaokr hk elrk`k udlvfrskh y maea oìdtrlok prapufstk fd fh ea`fha ea`frdl`k`, oahadlkhl`k` fd hk sfpkrkolÿd: ld`lvl`ua, oaeudl`k`, dkturkhfzk y ouhturk. PF_L_ _FOVD@KRLK_ Fsoabkr rfoupfrkfdfh hks haous `f fdudolkolÿd k pkrtlr hk `foadstruoolÿd `f hks dfa oahadlzkoladfs `fh pfdskelfdta tfaråks `fh `fskrrahha mkolk `f hk oadcliurkolÿd `f oadaolelfdtas. PÅPVHA_ \ _VBPÅPVHA_ @FH PF]PA RF_FÛK@A OADPFDL@A @F_ORL^PARF_ A ^KHKBRK OHKSF Ldtra`uoolÿd: Huikr y Ouhturk: Fd kûas rfolfdtfs, fh oadofpta  @fskrrahha `f ‘huikr― mk sl`a dufvkefdtf kbar`k`a `fs`f vkrlas pudtas `f  Ouhturk vlstk, `fs`f su rfhkolÿd oad fh fdtfd`lelfdta bësloa `f sfr y  Huikr  oadaofr, mkstk su `fstlda bkja hk ihabkhlzkolÿd foadÿelok y hk  Kdtrapahaiåk ef`l`k fd hk quf sliuf slfd`a udk kyu`k a ud lepf`lefdta pkrk  Ihabkhlzkolÿd  pfdskr hk ouhturk.  Foadaeåk

Fh Huikr `f hk dkturkhfzk: oadaolelfdta haokh y ea`fhas `f ha dkturkh: Hk oufstlÿd `fh ‘oadaolelfdta haokh― fd fspfolkh, `fh

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Oaeudl`k`fs rurkhfs  Dkturkhfzk

 

oadaolelfdta `f has slstfeks dkturkhfs- tkeblìd mk sl`a kbar`k`k fd has úhtleas kûas `fs`f vkrlks ÿptloks oaidltlvk, fplstfeahÿilok, ftdablahÿilok y fd oadfxlÿd oad udk vkrlf`k` `f tfeks, `fs`f hk tkxadaeåks prleltlvks y hk oadsfrvkolÿd `f hk bla`lvfrsl`k`, mkstk hk pahåtlok `f tfrrltarlkhl`k` y has eavlelfdtas saolkhfs.

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Hk Dk Dktur turkh khfz fzkk `f `fhh huikr huikr:: rf rfpfd pfdskr skr ha ha haok okhh y ha ihabk ihabkh: h: Hks efdt ef dtfs fs sf `f `fspl splfrt frtkd kd fd ud eu eud` d`a, a, pf pfra ra tk tkeb eblì lìdd fd hu huikr ikrfs fs oadorftas, y fh oadaolelfdta haokh fs ud ea`a `f oadolfdolk  bksk`a fd fh huikr, udk ekdfrk huikr-fspfoåclok `f atarikrhf sfdtl`a kh eud`a. _ld febkria, fh mfoma fs quf fd dufstra ldtfrìs, oad hk ihabkhlzkolÿd, fh huikr mk `fskpkrfol`a. Vd oadjudta `f trkbkjas rfolfdtfs ldtfdtkd supfrkr fstk pkrk`ajk kh rfsahvfr khiudks `f hks hks trke trkepk pkss fpl fplst stfe feah ahÿi ÿilo loks ks quf hl hlel eltk tkdd hk hkss tf tfarå aråks ks `f hk ihabkhlzkolÿd.

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Hk `fcfdsk `fh huikr: khiudks lephl lephlokolad okoladfs fs pkrk hk foahai foahaiåk åk pahåtlok: Hk  `fcfdsk `fh huikr puf`f sfr vldouhk` vldouhk`kk k hk prëotlok `f ud irupa `f kotarfs, `fs`f kotlvlstks `f eavlelfdtas saolkhfs mkstk krquf krqufÿh ÿhai aias as ml mlst stÿr ÿrlo loas as,, kd kdtr trapÿ apÿha haias ias fo foah ahÿil ÿiloa oas, s, psloÿh psloÿhaia aiass keblfdtkhlstks, y foÿhaias. Vd fstu`la k cad`a `f fstas vådouhas fstë eës khhë `fh abjftlva `f fstf trkbkja7 eës blfd, fstk úhtlek  pkrtf acrfof khiudks oadsl`frkoladfs ifdfrkhfs, fd fspfolkh rfcf rfcfrl rl`k `kss k hk ld ldvf vfst stli liko kolÿ lÿdd cu cutu turk rk.. ^krk ^krk oa oaef efdz dzkr kr oa oadd ha hass eavlelfdtas saolkhfs, fd pkrtlouhkr has `f has pabhk`arfs `f has  basqufs traplokhfs, ldvkrlkbhfefdtf fdcktlzkd ouktra `frfomas cud`kef cud` kefdtk dtkhfs hfs:: k su l`f l`fdtl dtl`k`, `k`, su tfr tfrrlt rltarl arla, a, k udk kutada kutadaeåk eåk  pahåtlok, y k su praplk vlslÿd `f `fskrrahha.

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Fsofdkrlas Irupas ld`åifdks Fdtl`k`fs saolkhfs Koolÿd muekdk Ohkslclokolÿd slstìelok Ea`fha haokh Okpltkhlstks Ihabkh Koolÿd muekdk Fspkolas Rah  Dkturkhfzk L`fdtl`k` Oadtfxta Oaeudl`k`fs Eavlelfdtas saolkhfs Huikr y rfhlilÿd Irupas `f kotarfs ^rkotlok L`fdtl`k` Sldouha Pfrrltarla ^abhk`arfs Kdtrapÿhaias Foahÿiloas

F_PRVOPVRK A ^HKD KRIVEFDPKH @FH PF]PA

 

Fh pfdskel pfdskelfdt fdtaa hkt hktlda ldakef kefrlok rlokda da prap prapufst ufstaa par Fsoa Fsoabkr bkr f`l f`ltk tk hks careks careks `f oadaole oadaolelfd lfdta ta  pra`uol`ks fd ftdairkcåks haokhfs fd su mlstarlol`k` y paslblhl`k` `f kclrekolÿd7 kc lrekolÿd7 sus prfelsks sf cud`kd fd hks prëotloks `lsourslvks pra`uol`ks par has eavlelfdtas saolkhfs, oaea ha sfûkhk fh kutar crfdtf k has irupas `f eavlelfdtas trkbkjk`arfs kh kclrekr quf ‘fh oadaolelfdta `f sus eavl ea vlel elfdt fdtas as fs pra pra`uo `uota tarr `f su suss `fr `frfo fomas mas,, fd hu huik ikrr `f sÿh sÿhaa tf tfarl arlzk zkrr `f `fs`f s`f pas paslo lola ladf dfss fxohuslvkefdtf kok`ìeloks―

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Hk fefrifdolk `f oadaolelfdtas, rf`fs, l`fdtl`k`fs, fspkolas y huikrfs `f koolÿd fd hks pahåtloks ouhturkhfs, rforfk ud tlpa `f pfdskelfdta hktldakefrlokda quf ldtfdtk rfskhtkr atrks ekdfrks `f oadcliurkr oadaolelfdta, `lcfrfdtf `f hk elrk`k fura-oìdtrlok `f hk olfdolk ea`frdk. Hks oråtloks  pahåtlok, foahÿilok y kdtrapahÿilok cud`kd su sfdtl`a fd orfkr rfcfrfdtfs `f rfkhl`k`fs  praof`fdtfs fd irupas `f kotlvlstks quf eavlhlzkd tfrrltarlas `f hk `lvfrsl`k`, y rf`fs `f vl`k y `f oadaolelfdta fd oadtfxtas `f pa`fr.

 

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OADOF^PA \ OKPFIARÅK @F_KRRAHHK@A_ FD FH PF]PA Hk daolÿd daolÿ d `f ‘pas ` `fskrra fskrrahha― hha― fs udk kyu`k pkrk rfkprfd`fr k vfr y rfvkhukr rfvkhukr hk rfkhl`k` `f hks oaeu oaeudl dl`k `k`f `fss fd Kslk Kslk,, Ëcrlo Ëcrlokk y Hktl Hktldak dakeì eìrl rlok ok.. ±F ±Fss pa pasl slbh bhff `l `lse seld ldul ulrr fh `a `ael eldl dlaa `f hk hkss rfprfsfdtkoladfs `fh `fskrrahha oukd`a kbar`keas fstk rfkhl`k`1 Fh pas `fskrrahha fs udk ekdfrk `f sfûkhkr fstk paslblhl`k`, ud ldtfdta `f `fspfjkr ud fspkola pkrk pfdskr atras pfdskelfdtas, vfr  atrks oasks, fsorlblr atras hfdiukjfs (Orusm, f`ltar ;