Fiat Panda

 

Lu`vg Lu`v g Hjgt Hjgt Ygln Yglng g

Skap Sk apdj djckakltk ckakltk Yglng •

Sjapgtjcg

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S`djng

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Jltkddjmkltk

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Djokrg

Yjú Yglng •

Yr`tkttjvg

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Spjmdjgtg

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_jspktt`sg

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@spjtgdk

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Njsjlv`dtg

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Jlmkml`sg

^uttg ^utt g Jtg Jtgdj djglg glg

Mgaa Mg aag g (akrcgt` Jtgdjg)

Sceknk tkcljcek

 

Lu`vg Hjgt Yglng Dg lu`vg Yglng å dg c`krkltk kv`duzj`lk nj ul‚jlvklzj`lk cek jl 37 gllj nj vjtg å skaprk stgtg

sjl`lja` nj sjapgtjg, skapdjcjté n‚us` k vkrsgtjdjté. Yglng å tutt` qukst` k qugdc`sg nj pjú6 ul orgln rjcc` nj vgdklzk rgzj`lgdj kn ka`tjvk, ulg vktturg cek å stgtg pr`n`ttg jl `dtrk 8,> ajdj`lj uljté k eg sgput` c`lqujstgrk 78 ajdj`lj nj gut`a`ojdjstj njvkrsj trg d`r` pkr mustj, kté, lgzj`lgdjté kn kstrgzj`lk s`cjgdk. [l okst skddkr   cek

eg c`ltrjoujt` jl a`n` sjmljhjcgtjv` gdd‚jlnjscussg dkgnkrsejp nj Hjgt jl qukst` skmaklt`6 ngddg prjag 899 gddg ;99, ngddg 7?8 gddg prjag Yglng, ngddg Cjlqukcklt` gddg Skjcklt`, ngddg skc`lng mklkrgzj`lk nj Yglng (?993) gddg lu`vg ;99 dglcjgtg lkd ?99=. Hjgt å skaprk stgtg jd pult` nj rjhkrjaklt` nkd skmaklt` nkddk cjty-cgr jl Kur`pg mrgzjk gn ulg kxpkrtjsk uljcg agturgtg lkddk cjtté c`ltjlkltgdj. Ng qukst` pgtrja`lj` tkcljc` k uagl` lgsck glcek dg tkrzg mklkrgzj`lk nkd a`nkdd` Yglng cek mjulmk gddg pjklg agturjté c`apjkln` ul udtkrj`rk sgdt` qugdjtgtjv` jl tkag nj spgzj`, c`ah`rt, hulzj`lgdjté, tkcl`d`mjg k n`tgzj`lj nj sjcurkzzg. Njvkltg c`sä dg sjltksj pkrhkttg trg prjag k skc`lng vktturg, ulg lu`vg s`duzj`lk jltkddjmkltk pkr cej rjckrcg dg aglkmmkv`dkzzg nj ulg cjty-cgr sklzg rjlulcjgrk gdd‚gojtgojdjté k gd c`ah`rt nj ulg c`apgttg g ; p`rtk. Jd tutt` rks` glc`rg pjú gttrgkltk ng ulg djlkg a`nkrlg kn gra`lj`sg cek ksgdtg udtkrj`rakltk qukdd‚gspktt` sjapgtjc` nkddg Yglng `ragj kltrgt` lkddg l`strg aka`rjg c`ddkttjvg gd pgrj nj gdtrj `mmkttj scgturjtj ngddg crkgtjvjté jtgdjglg6 ngddg Hjgt ;99 gddg Xkspg Yjgmmj`, ngddg A`bg Ojgdkttj gd Cuo` nj Orul` Aulgrj. Yr`n`ttj uljcj cek l`l p`ss`l` ksskrk mjunjcgtj skapdjckakltk ngddg d`r` kstktjcg, lê rgpprkskltgl` s`dgakltk ul ou`l kskrcjzj` jlmkmlkrjstjc`. S`l` jlvkck nkddk p`tkltj gdcejajk, jll`vgtjvk lkd nksjml k lkd c`lcktt` cek rjnkhjljsc`l` j c`aulj pultj nj rjhkrjaklt` k nj pgrgm`lk. Wugln` cjÿ gvvjklk lgsc`l` nkj cgp`dgv`rj kssklzjgdj lkddg st`rjg nkdd‚jlnustrjg. Dg Hjgt Yglng å ul` nj qukstj.

Skapd Sk apd jckakltk jckaklt k Yglng Yglng Yglng å sjl`lja` nj c`lcrktkzzg, hulzj`lgdjté k utjdjté. C‚å ul c`lcktt` nj okddkzzg dkmgt` gd rklnkrk vjsjojdk k pkrckpjojdk tutt` qukst`, qukst`, cek å stgt` rjckrcgt` jl tutt` d‚jtkr nj pr`mktt` pr`mktt` nkddg lu`vg Yglng. Lkddg sug tkrzg mklkrgzj`lk, Yglng ajmdj`rg `mlj pgrtk nj cuj å c`ap`stg, sjg ngd pult` nj vjstg hulzj`lgdk cek lkddg curg nkd nkttgmdj`. Jd rjsudtgt` å nj mrglnk gra`ljg mklkrgdk, n`vut` gdd‚gppdjcgzj`lk nj skmlj c`krkltj trg d`r`, cek lk guakltgl` jd vgd`rk nj usgojdjté k nj pjgckv`dkzzg nkd nksjml. Ygrtkln` ngd c`lcktt` cek `mlul` nj l`j eg ksjmklzk njvkrsk, dg lu`vg vktturg shruttg gd agssja` d` spgzj` jltkrl`, ajljajzzgln` mdj jlm`aorj. Yur c`ltjlugln` gn ksskrk ul‚gut` a`dt` c`apgttg, Yglng crksck nj p`cej ckltjaktrj pkr mgrgltjrk jd rgmmjulmjaklt` nkj pjú gdtj stglngrn nj sjcurkzzg k ajmdj`rgrk udtkrj`rakltk dg mklkr`sg gojtgojdjté. Dg lu`vg Yglng å dulmg 38; ckltjaktrj, dgrmg 78> k gdtg 7;;, c`l cjlquk p`rtk  p`rtk  puÿ `spjtgrk c`a`ngakltk hjl` g cjlquk pkrs`lk kn å n`tgtg nj ul vgl` p`rtgogmgmdj trg j pjú cgpjkltj nkd skmaklt`6 ??; djtrj cek p`ss`l` njvkltgrk ?89 c`l jd sknjdk p`stkrj`rk sc`rrkv`dk jl p`sjzj`lk c`apdktgakltk gvglzgtg hjl` g rgmmjulmkrk mdj 5=9 djtrj c`l d` scejklgdk nkj sknjdj p`stkrj`rj googttut`.

 

Hjgt Yglng c`lskltk dg agssjag djokrté nj japjkm` mrgzjk gddg a`nudgrjté nkdd` spgzj`, gj luakr`sj vglj p`rtg`mmkttj k gddk njvkrsk c`lhjmurgzj`lj nkj sknjdj gltkrj`rj k p`stkrj`rj. Nkd rkst`, `mlul` eg jd pr`prj` stjdk nj vjtg, ul rgpp`rt` pkrs`lgdk c`l j pr`prj `mmkttj, ul a`n` tutt` su` nj njstrjoujrdj lkdd` spgzj`. K nj rjtr`vgrdj. Jl qukst` skls`, qujlnj, jd lu`v` a`nkdd` å ul du`m` ng rjkapjrk jl a`n` nkd tutt` pkrs`lgdk ag, gd tkap` stkss`, å ul du`m` cek sj å hkdjcj nj c`lnjvjnkrk c`l mdj gdtrj pr`prj` c`ak h`ssk ul‚gcc`mdjkltk cgsg jtgdjglg pjklg nj cgd`rk k mklkr`sjté. Glcek mdj kstkrlj s`l` c`ltrgnnjstjltj ng ul‚jlc`lh`lnjojdk —jtgdjgljté‑, ul djlmugmmj` stjdjstjc` —aknjtkrrglk`‑ n`vk dk h`rak a`rojnk dk c`lhkrjsc`l` tglt` ul gspktt` sjapgtjc` quglt` s`djn` k pr`tkttjv`.

Yjú Yglng Dg lu`vg Hjgt Yglng å mklkr`sg k jltkddjmkltk jl quglt` rklnk gcckssjojdj g tuttj c`ltklutj jll`vgtjvj cek skapdjhjcgl` k ajmdj`rgl` dg vjtg g o`rn`. N`p`tutt` `mmj cej sckmdjk ul'gut` c`apgttg l`l vu`dk rjlulcjgrk gddg tkcl`d`mjg s`djtgakltk rjskrvgtg g vktturk nj skmakltj supkrj`rj. Dg Yglng rjksck g c`lcjdjgrk qukstk lkckssjté c`l d‚ksjmklzg nj ulg a`ojdjté s`stkljojdk, sjcurg k gcckssjojdk pkr prkzz` k c`stj nj mkstj`lk. Njvkltg c`sä dg sjltksj pkrhkttg trg prjag k skc`lng vktturg, ulg lu`vg s`duzj`lk jltkddjmkltk s`prgttutt` jl ul a`aklt` jlckrt` sud pjgl` kc`l`ajc` c`ak qukdd` gttugdk. Jl pgrtjc`dgrk, njktr` g qukdd‚grjg sjapgtjcg k spjmdjgtg, dg Yglng `hhrk s`duzj`lj tkcl`d`mjcek s`hjstjcgtk ag hrujojdj jl a`n` skapdjck cek s`nnjshgl` sjg j ojs`mlj c`lcrktj nkddg a`ojdjté qu`tjnjglg sjg dg crksckltk sklsjojdjté s`cjgdk vkrs` d‚gaojkltk k dg sjcurkzzg. Kcc` gdd`rg nuk lu`vj njsp`sjtjvj nj mrglnk vgd`rk cek cj sj gspkttkrkook s`d` su vktturk nj skmaklt` supkrj`rk6 jd sjstkag hrklgltk —D`w Spkkn C`ddjsj`l Ajtjmgtj`l‑ k jd lgvjmgt`rk —Oduk&Ak ^`a^`a ? DJXK‑. Gn kssj sj gmmjulm`l` c`ltklutj c`ak Stgrt&St`p, Mkgr Sejht Jlnjcgt`r (MSJ), kc`Nrjvk k a`ngdjté KC@ nkd a`t`rk ^wjlGjr ^uro`. Sjmdk `ragj kltrgtk lkd djlmugmmj` c`aulk cek Hjgt eg c`ltrjoujt` g hgr lgsckrk ` kv`dvkrk k cek `mmj s`l` rgmmruppgtk jl —Gjr ^kcel`d`mjks‑, jd agrcej` Hjgt cek jnkltjhjcg dk tkcl`d`mjk g ogss` japgtt` gaojkltgdk cgpgcj nj c`ljumgrk kc`d`mjg k pjgckrk nj mujng. Dg stkssg hjd`s`hjg eg p`rtgt` gddg nkhjljzj`lk nkddg mgaag a`t`rj, tuttj cgapj`lj nj prkstgzj`lj, c`lsuaj kn kajssj`lj. ^rg qukstj spjccgl` j lu`vjssjaj ojcjdjlnrjcj n`tgtj nj sjstkag Stgrt&St`p nj skrjk6 jd 9.: ^wjlGjr ^uro` ng 5; CX, l`ajlgt` "Jltkrlgtj`lgd Klmjlk `h tek Zkgr ?977", kn jd lu`vjssja` 9.: ^wjlGjr gspjrgt` ng 8; CX, gddg sug prjag gppdjcgzj`lk . C`apdktgl` dg mgaag nkj pr`puds`rj jd rjll`vgt` oklzjlg 7.? Hjrk ng 8: CX k jd turo`njkskd 7.3 Audtjfkt JJ ng =; CX glce‚kss` c`l Stgrt&St`p nj skrjk. Gd dglcj`, jd lu`v` a`nkdd` å njsp`ljdk c`l trgzj`lk gltkrj`rk - succkssjvgakltk nkouttkré dg Yglng >x> - k `hhrk 3 gddkstjakltj (Y`p, Kgsy k D`ulmk), 79 c`d`rj nj cgrr`zzkrjg, : gaojkltj jltkrlj, ? c`ppk c`prjru`tg k ? ckrcej jl dkmg ng 7> k 7; p`ddjcj. ^rg j lu`vj c`ltklutj sj skmlgdg jd —Oduk&Ak ^`a^`a? DJXK‑ cek uljsck j vgltgmmj nj ul sjstkag nj jlh`tgjlaklt jltkmrgt` k c`llkss` g qukddj nj ul lgvjmgt`rk p`rtgtjdk, spgdglcgln` dk p`rtk gddg c`llkttjvjté. Succkssjvgakltk sgré njsp`ljojdk, g rjcejkstg, d‚jll`vgtjv` sjstkag nj hrklgtg DSCA (D`w Spkkn C`ddjsj`l Ajtjmgtj`l) cek, g vkd`cjté jlhkrj`rj gj 39 ba/e, å jl mrgn` nj rjdkvgrk `stgc`dj g njstglzg rgvvjcjlgtg k hrklgrk gut`agtjcgakltk.  gut`agtjcgakltk. 

 

Jls`aag, c`l Yglng tutt` å pjú hgcjdk. Å pjú hgcjdk au`vkrsj, pgrcekmmjgrk, gvkrk jd mjust` spgzj` k a`nudgrd` g pjgcjaklt`, skltjrsj g pr`prj` gmj` k rkdgzj`lgrsj c`l mdj gdtrj. S`duzj`lj nj s`stglzg cek sj trgnuc`l` jl ulg hjd`s`hjg nj vjtg. Nkd rkst`, prjag nj ksskrk ul‚gut`, Yglng å ul‚jnkg cek eg mklkrgt` ul gdtr` a`n` nj vjvkrk d‚gut` jl c`apdktg djokrté. Sj pkrceê, jkrj c`ak `mmj, cej sckmdjk Yglng å djokr` ngmdj scekaj, ngddk a`nk k ngddk ktjcekttk. Jl ul ckrt` skls` sj puÿ njrk cek å ulg vktturg —gltjc`lh`rajstg‑ cek hjl ngddg sug prjag mklkrgzj`lk eg sgput` stupjrk c`l s`duzj`lj skapdjcj ag l`l pkr qukst` sc`ltgtk. Glzj, pr`prj` dg sug v`cgzj`lk gddg skapdjcjté strutturgdk k rkgdjzzgtjvg dk c`lskltk `rg nj kv`dvkrk udtkrj`rakltk sklzg agj pkrnkrk dg sug vkrg lgturg nj vktturg rjv`duzj`lgrjg. Ogstj pklsgrk cek å stgtg dg prjag vktturg nj qukst` skmaklt` g hrkmjgrsj nkd prkstjmj`s` tjt`d` —Cgr `h ^ek Zkgr ?99>‑2 dg prjag c`apgttg g jltr`nurrk ulg a`t`rjzzgzj`lk njkskd (7:58)2 dg prjag g pr`p`rrk sjg dg trgzj`lk jltkmrgdk (7:53) sjg gn `hhrjrk ulg mgaag a`t`rj gttkltg gdd‚gaojkltk k gj c`lsuaj (lkd 7::9 å stgtg c`aakrcjgdjzzgtg dg Yglng Kdkttrg, ulg nkddk prjak vktturk kdkttrjcek)2 dg prjag cjty-cgr >x> g rgmmjulmkrk jd cgap` ogsk gvglzgt` nkdd'Kvkrkst g ;.?99 aktrj (?99>).

^uttg jtgdjglg Jc`lg nkd nksjml k nkd bl`w e`w  jtgdjgl`, dg lu`vg Yglng kv`dvk ul a`nkdd` nj succkss` pkr c`lhkragrk Hjgt c`ak dkgnkr jlnjscuss` nkddg cgtkm`rjg nkddk cjty-cgr. Ykr qukst`, Hjgt Mr`up Gut`a`ojdks eg pultgt` gddg agssjag qugdjté dulm` d‚jltkr` pr`ckss` nj svjdupp` nkd pr`n`tt` k nkddg sug jlmkmlkrjzzgzj`lk. Nulquk, ul pr`mktt` c`sä p`tkvg ksskrk rkgdjzzgt` s`d` ng ulg hgoorjcg gdtrkttglt` kv`dutg k —rjpklsgtg‑ c`l mdj stkssj crjtkrj. Kcc` pkrceê jd a`nkdd` vjklk c`strujt` g Y`ajmdjgl` n‚Grc` prkss` Lgp`dj. [l c`aprkls`rj` jlnustrjgdk c`apdktgakltk rjgttrkzzgt` pkr d‚`ccgsj`lk c`l japjgltj cek, jl pgrtjc`dgrk lkd cgap` nkddg dgstrgturg, nkd a`ltgmmj` k nkd lu`vjssja` Wugdjty Ckltkr, s`l` l`l s`d` j pjú kv`dutj nkdd‚uljvkrs` Hjgt ag glcek trg j pjú gvglzgtj nkd a`ln`. Lkd tkap` rkc`rn nj 7? aksj jd sjt` c`aprkls`rjgdk Mjgaogttjstg Xjc` å stgt` p`rtgt` gdd‚kcckddklzg tkcl`d`mjcg kn `rmgljzzgtjvg, c`l ul jlvkstjaklt` c`apdkssjv` nj 599 ajdj`lj nj kur`, hgtt` sjg suddk agccejlk cek suddk pkrs`lk, pkr dk qugdj s`l` stgtk spksk gn `mmj ?99 ajdg `rk nj h`ragzj`lk. Lgsck c`sä ul‚gut`a`ojdk cek rgccejunk jl sê dg pgssj`lk k dg cgpgcjté pr`mkttugdk k c`struttjvg nj ul orgln lgt` `dtrk ul skc`d` hg. Ykrceê lkd pgtrja`lj` nj Hjgt c‚å tutt` qukst`, jlsjkak c`l jd dgv`r` k d‚`rm`mdj` pr`hkssj`lgdk nkddk ajmdjgjg nj pkrs`lk – tkcljcj, `pkrgj, njrjmkltj – cek lkd tkap` sj s`l` gvvjcklngtj lkddk hgoorjcek k lkmdj uhhjcj.

[lg st`rjg nj su cckss` cek nur g ng 37 37 gllj gllj Dg Yglng kltrg lkddg st`rjg nkdd‚gut`a`ojdk lkd 7:59, 7:59, qugln` Hjgt prkskltg gd Sgd`lk nj Mjlkvrg jd prja` a`nkdd`, hrutt` nj ul dgv`r` nj rjckrcg jljzjgt` lkd 7:=8. C`l Yglng lgsck ul‚jnkg cek eg mklkrgt` ul gdtr` a`n` nj vjvkrk d‚gut`6 ul‚jnkg skapdjck, nka`crgtjcg, njvkrtkltk k gd tkap` stkss` rjv`duzj`lgrjg pkr dk suk s`duzj`lj jltujtjvk k mkljgdj. Å dg prjag mklkrgzj`lk nj ulg nkddk pjú gpprkzzgtk cjty-cgr n‚Kur`pg cek l`l sakttk agj nj stupjrk. Jl trk gllj sj grrjccejsck nkddg vkrsj`lk c`l tktt` gprjojdk jl tkdg k

 

qukddg g qugttr` ru`tk a`trjcj k lkd dumdj` 7:5> grrjvg dg ajdj`lksjag Yglng pr`n`ttg jd s`dj g qugttr` gllj ngddg lgscjtg. Lkd 7:58 jd succkss` sj rjll`vg c`l dg skc`lng skrjk nkddg prjag mklkrgzj`lk. ^rg dk prjlcjpgdj l`vjté, j a`t`rj6 jd 8;?cc kn jd :93cc s`l` s`stjtujtj ngj lu`vj pr`puds`rj HJ_K =8:cc k :::cc ng 3> cgvgddj k >; cgvgddj. Xjklk jl`dtrk jltr`n`ttg dg a`t`rjzzgzj`lk njkskd. Cjÿ cek l`l autg å d‚ga`rk nkd cdjkltk vkrs` qukstg vktturg. Lkj nuk gllj succkssjvj å supkrgtg dg s`mdjg nkj ? ajdj`lj nj kskapdgrj pr`n`ttj, k lkd 7::9,, dg mgaag sj kv`dvk grrjccekln`sj ngddg gvvkljrjstjcg Yglng Kdkttrg, prjag vkrsj`lk c`l a`t`rk 7::9 kdkttrjc`.. Dg Yglng nj prjag mklkrgzj`lk å pr`n`ttg hjl` gd ?993, rkstgln` hjl` gdd‚udtja` ajlut` lkj kdkttrjc` prjajssjaj p`stj nkddk cdgssjhjcek nj gcqujst` nkddk utjdjtgrjk. Lkd skttkaork ?993 grrjvg jd a`aklt` nkddg skc`lng mklkrgzj`lk6 dg Hjgt Yglng sj dglcjg sud akrcgt` c`l ul nksjml cek jltkrprktg dk lu`vk tklnklzk stjdjstjcek. Googln`lg dg cgrr`zzkrjg g cgrr`zzkrjg g trk p`rtk k crksck nj 73 ckltjaktrj nj dulmekzzg k nj ulg nkcjlg jl dgrmekzzg pkr gn`ttgrk ul c`a`njssja` scekag ng a`l`v`duak a`l`v`duak g  g cjlquk p`rtk. Kn å suojt` succkss`. Yrjag vktturg nj qukst` skmaklt` g hrkmjgrsj nkd prkstjmj`s` tjt`d` —Cgr `h ^ek Zkgr ?99>‑, jd a`nkdd` njvkltg ulg vkrg k pr`prjg —pjgttgh`rag‑ suddg qugdk Hjgt eg crkgt` ul‚jltkrg hgajmdjg nj gut`a`ojdj c`l tkcl`d`mjg k curg nkd nkttgmdj` ng cgtkm`rjg supkrj`rk. Lkd ?99=  ?99=  ksck ngddg djlkg jd ajdj`lksja` kskapdgrk nj skc`lng mklkrgzj`lk. ^rg prjag k skc`lng mklkrgzj`lk s`l` stgtk pr`n`ttk cjrcg 8 ajdj`lj nj Yglng. @mmj t`ccg gddg tkrzg mklkrgzj`lk nj Hjgt Yglng rgcc`mdjkrk jd tkstja`lk k pr`skmujrk qukst` cgaajl` jljzjgt` 37 gllj hg suddk strgnk nkd a`ln`.

 

Skapd Sk apdjc jckak kaklt ltk k Yg Ygln lng g Yglng å sjl`lja` nj c`lcrktkzzg, hulzj`lgdjté k utjdjté. C‚å ul c`lcktt` nj okddkzzg dkmgt` gd rklnkrk vjsjojdk k pkrckpjojdk tutt` qukst`, qukst`, cek å stgt` rjckrcgt` jl tutt` d‚jtkr nj pr`mktt` pr`mktt` nkddg lu`vg Yglng. Lkddg sug tkrzg mklkrgzj`lk, dg Yglng ajmdj`rg `mlj pgrtk nj cuj å c`ap`stg, sjg ngd pult` nj vjstg hulzj`lgdk cek lkddg curg nkd nkttgmdj`. Jd rjsudtgt` å nj mrglnk gra`ljg mklkrgdk, n`vut` gdd‚gppdjcgzj`lk nj skmlj c`krkltj trg d`r`, cek lk guakltgl` jd vgd`rk nj usgojdjté k nj pjgckv`dkzzg nkd nksjml. Lkddg rjckrcg nj ul vgd`rk n‚us` pjú gdt` k pkrckpjojdk, jd nksjml pultg g crkgrk ul vkr` rgpp`rt` ghhkttjv` trg gut` k utkltk, tgdk ng rklnkrk d‚utjdjzz` nkddg lu`vg Yglng `mlj mj`rl` pjú mrgtjhjcgltk. Ykr qukst` l`l s`l` stgtk gn`ttgtk djlkk nj pklsjkr` su c`ak a`njhjcgrk jd c`lcktt` nkddg Yglng, pjutt`st` j nksjmlkr nkd Ckltr` Stjdk Hjgt sj s`l` akssj lkj pgllj nkd cdjkltk ckrcgln` nj cgpjrk c`ak d‚gut` gvrkook p`tut` rgpprkskltgrk glc`rg akmdj` jd c`lluoj` trg utjdjté k ulg pkrs`lgdjté glc`rg pjú agrcgtg. Jd rjsudtgt` hjlgdk å ulg vktturg nj mrglnk pkrs`lgdjté k vgd`rk cek c`ljumg d‚`ttjag rkputgzj`lk nj ul a`nkdd` sklzg tkap` gn ulg s`rprklnkltk qugdjté hjl` gdd‚udtja` pgrtjc`dgrk.

Sjapgtjcg Hjl ngd prja` smugrn` dg lu`vg Hjgt Yglng c`auljcg hrkscekzzg k sjapgtjg, `dtrk g ulg h`rtk "jtgdjgljté" cek dg rklnk jaaknjgtgakltk rjc`l`scjojdk. Akrjt` nj gdculj trgttj —gltr`p`a`rhjcj‑ nkd hr`ltgdk jd c`hgl` dkmmkrakltk —o`aogt`‑ sp`sg d‚kdkmgltk cgdglnrg `rjzz`ltgdk k `spjtg j lu`vj pr`jktt`rj ngddg h`rag grr`t`lngtg - cek rjc`rngl` ul vjs` cek s`rrjnk jlvjtgln` g vjvkrk jd pr`prj` tkap` c`l spklsjkrgtkzzg k gddkmrjg. Jl`dtrk, mdj stkssj kdkakltj kstktjcj ksprja`l` jd hgajdy hkkdjlm nkmdj udtjaj a`nkddj Hjgt k, jl pgrtjc`dgrk, lk s`tt`djlkgl` jd dkmgak c`l d‚gdtrg cjty cgr nj succkss` kn krknk nj ul‚jc`lg nkdd‚gut`a`ojdjsa` jltkrlgzj`lgdk6 dg lu`vg ;99. G qukstg japr`ltg —uaglg‑ mdj stjdjstj egll` gmmjult` ul t`cc` nj pkrs`lgdjté rklnkln`dg ul'gut`a`ojdk s`djng k rgssjcurgltk, pjú spgzj`sg nj quglt` cj sj gspkttg ng ul a`nkdd` nj qukstk njaklsj`lj. Jlhgttj, d‚gojtgc`d` å stgt` c`lckpjt` c`ak ul uljc` spgzj` gojtgojdk pkr guakltgrk dg qugdjté nkd tkap` g o`rn`, glcek pkr j pjú pjcc`dj. D` nja`strgl` dg cgppkddjkrg cek njvkltg ul utjdk pjgl` rjmjn` n`vk rjp`rrk j mj`cgtt`dj k gdculj a`tjvj mrghjcj cek, l`vjté nkd skmaklt`, nkc`rgl` j pgllkddj nkddk p`rtk k d‚japkrjgdk nkddg vktturg crkgln` c`sä ul gttrgkltk —cjkd`‑ suddk tkstk nkj pjcc`dj pgsskmmkrj. Gdd` stkss` a`n`, d‚jltkrhgccjg nkddg rgnj` prkskltg ul d``b sjapgtjc` k jltujtjv`, a`dt` sjajdk gddk c`ls`dk p`rtgtjdj nj udtjag mklkrgzj`lk6 jlhgttj, tuttj j c`aglnj k j tgstj s`l` rgmmruppgtj jl nuk js`dk prjvjdkmjgln` jd su` utjdjzz` ng pgrtk nkd c`lnuckltk.

S`djng Njskmlgtg jspjrgln`sj gddk tklnklzk pjú a`nkrlk, dg lu`vg Yglng pr`p`lk ul kdkmgltk kv`duzj`lk stjdjstjcg nkmdj kstkrlj gttrgvkrs` djlkk a`rojnk k grr`t`lngtk su ul v`duak nj h`rag rkm`dgrk cek c`lskltk nj shruttgrk khhjcgckakltk d` spgzj` g njsp`sjzj`lk. D‚gssklzg nj spjm`dj c`auljcg s`djnjté kn klhgtjzzg jd cgrgttkrk nj "muscj`" gcc`mdjkltk k pr`tkttjv` nkdd'gojtgc`d`. Jl`dtrk, dk h`rak grr`t`lngtk

 

nkdd‚kstkrl` uljsc`l` c`ltklutj kstktjcj kn gkr`njlgajcj, c`lskltkln` nj googssgrk jd Cx cek rgmmjulmk jd vgd`rk nj 9.3?, ul` nkj ajmdj`rj jl qukstg hgscjg nj akrcgt`. Suddg vjstg dgtkrgdk s`l` prkskltj gdculj trgttj njstjltjvj nkddg skc`lng mklkrgzj`lk nj Hjgt Yglng6 gn jljzjgrk ngd tkrz` hjlkstrjl`, `mmj c`l mdj glm`dj saussgtj jl gcc`rn` c`l dk djlkk pjú a`rojnk nkmdj kstkrlj, cek crkg ul khhktt` nj supkrhjcj vktrgtk jljltkrr`ttk hjl` gj pr`jktt`rj p`stkrj`rj vkrtjcgdj. ^rg d‚gdtr`, j mruppj `ttjcj p`sjzj`lgtj pjú jl gdt` ajmdj`rgl` d‚jdduajlgzj`lk k rjnuc`l` dg p`ssjojdjté nj ngllj jl cgs` nj pjcc`dj urtj. G njhhkrklzg nkddg Yglng nj skc`lng mklkrgzj`lk, j mruppj `ttjcj gltkrj`rj pr`skmu`l` sud dgtkrgdk c`lhkrkln` ul‚udtkrj`rk trjnjaklsj`lgdjté gj v`duaj kstkrlj. H`rak a`rojnk k grr`t`lngtk glcek pkr dk hgsck pgrgc`dpj prkskltj su pgrgurtj k hjglcgtk cek, `dtrk g rklnkrk `agmmj` gddg prjag mklkrgzj`lk nj Hjgt Yglng, sv`dm`l` ulg hulzj`lk pr`tkttjvg kssklzjgdk pkr sgdvgmugrngrk dg cgrr`zzkrjg jl gaojt` urogl` k gcckltugl` jd d``b —gdd-tkrrgjl‑ nkd a`nkdd` rghh`rzgt` glcek ngj agrcgtj pgssgru`tg. Å ul lu`v` djlmugmmj` nj nksjml cek kv`dvk vkrs` ul‚kstrkajzzgzj`lk nkd c`lcktt` nj r`oustkzzg, vjsjojdk jl a`dtj pgrtjc`dgrj nj jltkrlj kn kstkrlj, trg cuj dk agljmdjk gprj p`rtg cek prkskltgl` ulg h`rag nj agmmj`rk c`lsjstklzg vjsjvg k tgttjdk. Jl`dtrk, dg vktrgturg dgtkrgdk å stgtg njskmlgtg pkr agssjajzzgrk gdculj gspkttj prkstgzj`lgdj6 dg djlkg supkrj`rk nkj hjlkstrjlj ajmdj`rg dg vjsjojdjté vkrs` d‚kstkrl` k d‚gcckssjojdjté jl vktturg akltrk dg djlkg nj cjlturg ogssg né ulg sklsgzj`lk nj agmmj`r c`ltr`dd` nkdd‚gaojkltk cjrc`stgltk, guakltgln` dg pkrckzj`lk nj sjcurkzzg gddg mujng. Jlhjlk, c`ak suddg skrjk gttugdk, dg p`rzj`lk jlhkrj`rk nkd p`rtkdd`lk sp`rmk rjspktt` gd dul`tt`6 cjÿ, uljt` gddg djlkg nkddg hjglcgtg, né d'japrkssj`lk nj ul pgnjmdj`lk gpp`mmjgt` suddg cgrr`zzkrjg. Jl`dtrk, d‚`odÿ nkddg tkrzg duck å p`sjzj`lgt` jl a`n` ng ajmdj`rgrk dg vjsjojdjté jl ulg pgrtk nkdd‚glm`d` nj vjsugdk s`djtgakltk a`dt` njhhjcjdk ng c`ltr`ddgrk mgrgltkln` c`sä ulg agmmj`rk sjcurkzzg sjg g cej stg hu`rj ngd vkjc`d` sjg g cej stg gdd‚jltkrl`

Djokrg Yr`p`stg g cjlquk p`rtk k c`l ul‚gojtgojdjté ng skmaklt` supkrj`rk, dg lu`vg Yglng sj c`lhkrag ulg vkrg supkrc`apgttg cek c`l mrglnk khhjcjklzg rjksck g c`ljumgrk dk rjn`ttk njaklsj`lj kstkrlk c`l ul s`rprklnkltk v`duak jltkrl`. Jlhgttj, pur ksskln` dulmg s`d` 38; ckltjaktrj, dgrmg 78>, gdtg 7;; k c`l ul pgss` nj ?39 ckltjaktrj, dg lu`vg vktturg puÿ `spjtgrk hjl` g cjlquk pkrs`lk, å n`tgtg nj ul ogmgmdjgj` trg j pjú cgpjkltj nkd skmaklt`6 ??; djtrj cek p`ss`l` njvkltgrk ?89 c`l jd sknjdk p`stkrj`rk sc`rrkv`dk jl p`sjzj`lk c`apdktgakltk gvglzgtg k 5=9 djtrj c`l d` scejklgdk nkj sknjdj p`stkrj`rj googttut`. Hjgt Yglng c`lskltk dg agssjag djokrté nj japjkm` mrgzjk gn ul gojtgc`d` spgzj`s`, hulzj`lgdk k c`lh`rtkv`dk, cek p`c` eg ng jlvjnjgrk g qukdd` nj vktturk nj cgtkm`rjg supkrj`rk. Nkd rkst`, ng skaprk jd a`nkdd` hg nkddg hdkssjojdjté ul` nkj su`j pultj nj h`rzg, c`ak nja`strgl` `mmj dg lu`vg pdglcjg, dk njvkrsk c`lhjmurgzj`lj nkj sknjdj k j luakr`sj vglj p`rtg`mmkttj. Jllglzjtutt`, dg lu`vg pdglcjg å c`lckpjtg c`ak ul prgtjc` muscj` p`djhulzj`lgdk gd cuj jltkrl` å stgt` rjcgvgt` ul gapj` k spgzj`s` —tgsc`lk‑ p`rtg-`mmkttj, pr`prj` c`ak lkddg prjag skrjk nkd a`nkdd`, cek njvkltg jd du`m` jnkgdk n`vk rjp`rrk jl c`apdktg djokrté tutt` cjÿ cek sj vu`dk, v`dkln` glcek jl ul

 

—gddkmr` k nka`crgtjc`‑ njs`rnjlk. Gn kss` sj gmmjulmk jd pjú cdgssjc` cgssktt` p`rtg`mmkttj cejus` lkddg pgrtk ogssg nkddg pdglcjg. Jl nkttgmdj`, dg pdglcjg å gvv`dtg jl ulg c`rljck c`d`rgtg, kdkaklt` sklzg s`duzj`lk nj c`ltjlujté, cek hg ng pkrjaktr` uljc` gd v`dgltk, gddg rgnj` k gj c`aglnj prjlcjpgdj, k cek `spjtg dk o`ccekttk nj vkltjdgzj`lk. Glcek quj tr`vjga` ul rjagln` gddg prjag mklkrgzj`lk nj Yglng, n`vk mdj kdkakltj rjsudtgvgl` gvvjtgtj gd —agrsupj`‑ jl tkssut`, cek c`stjtujvg dg pgrtk prjlcjpgdk nkddg pdglcjg. L`vjté glcek pkr j sknjdj cek c`lhkragl` dg hdkssjojdjté nkd a`nkdd`. Jl nkttgmdj`, jd sknjdk nkd mujngt`rk å njsp`ljojdk glcek c`l rkm`dgzj`lk jl gdtkzzg akltrk qukdd` nkd pgsskmmkr` gltkrj`rk puÿ ksskrk n`tgt` nj scejklgdk googttjojdk g tgv`djl`. Jl qukst‚udtja` cgs`, c`lskltk nj gvkrk ul c`a`n` pjgl` nj gpp`mmj` pkr `mmkttj sjg nj us` c`aulk, qugdj ulg o`rsg ` ul dgpt`p, sjg pkr trgsp`rtj kcckzj`lgdj6 googssgln` glcek j sknjdj p`stkrj`rj, jd cdjkltk puÿ `ttklkrk ul pjgl` nj cgrjc` pjgtt` pkr d‚jltkrg dulmekzzg nkdd‚gojtgc`d` (`dtrk ? aktrj) pkrakttkln` jd agssja` shruttgaklt` nkdd` spgzj` jltkrl`. Dg stkssg vkrsgtjdjté å gssjcurgtg ngd sknjdk p`stkrj`rk cek å njsp`ljojdk lkddg vkrsj`lk stglngrn g ? p`stj c`l scejklgdk googttjojdk l`l sn`ppjgt` `, g rjcejkstg, lkddk c`lhjmurgzj`lj6 ? p`stj sc`rrkv`dk d`lmjtunjlgdakltk c`l scejklgdk googttjojdk sn`ppjgt` ;9/;9, 3 p`stj c`l scejklgdk googttjojdk k 3 p`stj c`l scejklgdk googttjojdk sn`ppjgt` 89/>9. Jd tutt` puÿ ksskrk rks` glc`rg pjú hulzj`lgdk sk goojlgt`, c`l jd prgtjc` k utjdk c`ltkljt`rk —cgrm` o`x‑ cek p`sjzj`lgt` lkd ogmgmdjgj` pkrakttk sjg nj rjp`rrk gd su` jltkrl` gdculj `mmkttj sjg nj `ttklkrk ul` spgzj` nj cgrjc` prkss`ceê pjgtt`.

Jltkddjmkltk Dg agssjag hulzj`lgdjté sj rjtr`vg glcek lkj sknjdj gltkrj`rj —sdja‑, ulg tkcl`d`mjg cek tr`vg quj dg sug prjag gppdjcgzj`lk gdd‚jltkrl` nj Hjgt, cek gssjcurgl` gd c`ltkap` ul agmmj`rk spgzj` pkr dk mgaok nkj pgsskmmkrj p`stkrj`rj, agmmj`rk hdkssjojdjté - dg c`rsg nkd sknjdk å nj ?7 ckltjaktrj k dg rkm`dgzj`lk vkrtjcgdk å nj 8 ca - k ajmdj`rk c`ah`rt nj sknutg mrgzjk gddg d`r` h`rag c`a`ng k c`ltkljtjvg. Jl pjú, dk —qugnr`ttk‑ kdkttr`sgdngtk sudd` scejklgdk sv`dm`l` d‚jap`rtgltk c`apjt` nj mgrgltjrk jd pgssgmmj` n‚grjg trg dg scejklg nkd pgsskmmkr` kn jd tkssut` nkd sknjdk, ajmdj`rgln` c`sä jd c`ah`rt s`prgttutt` lkj aksj pjú cgdnj. Gdd` stkss` a`n`, jd pgllkdd` nkddg p`rtg å stgt` njskmlgt` pklsgln` gdd‚jnkg nj djokrgrk spgzj`6 d‚gdt`pgrdgltk lkd pgllkdd` sj å gdzgt` pkr gddgrmgrk dg tgscg k ajmdj`rgrk dg qugdjté nkd su`l` akltrk jd rjvkstjaklt` å stgt` kstks` gd agssja` pkr ajmdj`rgrk jd c`ah`rt. [dtkrj`rk l`vjté stjdjstjcg k hulzj`lgdk å dg pgrtjc`dgrk h`rag nkd hrkl` nj stgzj`lgaklt` cek nkrjvg ngddg v`d`lté nj `ttjajzzgrk d` spgzj` nkd a`ojdktt`. Jd su` rjn`tt` jlm`aor` d`lmjtunjlgdk eg pkrakss` nj shruttgrk akmdj` d` spgzj` ngvgltj k njktr` dg dkvg, `dtrk g rklnkrk hrujojdk d` spgzj` njrkttgakltk s`tt` nj kssg. Ykr mgrgltjrk ulg mujng c`lh`rtkv`dk k prjvg nj njstrgzj`lj, c`ak ng trgnjzj`lk dg Yglng pr`p`lk dg dkvg nkd cgaoj` jl p`sjzj`lk rjgdzgtg gd ckltr` gddg pdglcjg, a`dt` vjcjlg gd v`dgltk. Wukst‚udtja` prkskltg ulg h`rag pkrhkttgakltk t`lng nkdd‚kstkrl` cek pkrakttk nj gzj`lgrd` c`a`ngakltk akltrk d‚jltkrl` squgnrgt` mgrgltjsck ulg ajmdj`rk prklsjdjté k dg agssjag vjsjojdjté nkd qugnr` struakltj.

 

J 7> vglj p`rtg`mmkttj gdd‚jltkrl` nkddg Yglng l`l s`l` s`dgakltk luakr`sj k cgpjkltj, ag s`l` stgtj stunjgtj k pr`mkttgtj jlt`rl` g cej dg Yglng dg usg tuttj j mj`rlj k pkr mdj `mmkttj nj us` qu`tjnjgl`. Sj p`ss`l` tr`vgrk qujlnj vglj g mj`rl` nj hgcjdk gcckss` pkr d‚utjdjzz` hrkqukltk, k vglj cejusj k pjú lgsc`stj pkr `mmkttj cek l`ragdakltk rkstgl` jl gut`. [lg l`vjté jl qukst` gaojt` å jd p`rtg-`ccejgdj p`sjzj`lgt` s`prg jd hjlkstrjl` nkd mujngt`rk. Jlhjlk, dg lu`vg Yglng pr`p`lk d‚jll`vgtjv` —Sagrt hukd systka‑ cek s`stjtujsck s`stjtujsc k jd cdgssjc` tgpp` kn å jltkmrgt` gdd‚kstrkajté nkd tuo` pkr d‚jltr`nuzj`lk nkd cgrourgltk lkd skrogt`j`. Jd rjh`rljaklt` å ulg nkddk `pkrgzj`lj cek l`l sj å kv`dutg c`l dg tkcl`d`mjg gut`a`ojdjstjcg. Dg lu`vg vktturg c`apjk ul sgdt` gvgltj mrgzjk g qukst` c`ltklut` cek sj gprk k sj rjcejunk gut`agtjcgakltk gdd‚jlskrjaklt`/kstrgzj`lk nkddg pjst`dg kr`mgtrjck pkrakttkln` c`sä ul rjh`rljaklt` pjú c`a`n` ag glcek pjú sjcur` jl quglt` rjnuck dk kajssj`lj nj mgs k dg hu`rjuscjtg nj cgrourgltk. Jl`dtrk, jd lu`v` —Sagrt hukd systka‑ rjs`dvk glcek jd pr`odkag nkd —ajshukddjlm‑ p`jceê l`l c`lskltk nj rjh`rljrk oklzjlg sudd‚gut`a`ojdk gdjakltgtg g mgs`dj` ` vjckvkrsg.  Jls`aag, dg lu`vg Hjgt Yglng å ul‚gut` nkstjlgtg g s`rprklnkrcj c`ltjlugakltk pkr dg sug cgpgcjté nj trgsh`ragrsj skc`ln` dk sjtugzj`lj k gngttgrsj gddk ksjmklzk nj cej dg utjdjzzg sjg c`ak mujngt`rk cek c`ak pgsskmmkr`. Nkd rkst`, å lkd NLG nj Hjgt `hhrjrk stjdk `rjmjlgdk, tkcl`d`mjg gvglzgtg rksg gcckssjojdk g tuttj k s`duzj`lj jltkddjmkltj cek skapdjhjcgl` k ajmdj`rgl` dg vjtg g o`rn`.

 

Yjú Yglng @mmj cej sckmdjk ul'gut` c`apgttg l`l vu`dk rjlulcjgrk gddg tkcl`d`mjg cek tr`vkrkook su vktturk nj skmakltj supkrj`rj k Dg lu`vg Yglng rjksck g c`lcjdjgrk qukstk lkckssjté c`l d‚ksjmklzg nj ulg a`ojdjté s`stkljojdk, sjcurg k gcckssjojdk pkr prkzz` k c`stj nj mkstj`lk. Njvkltg c`sä dg sjltksj pkrhkttg trg prjag k skc`lng vktturg, ulg lu`vg s`duzj`lk jltkddjmkltk s`prgttutt` jl ul a`aklt` jlckrt` sud pjgl` kc`l`ajc` c`ak qukdd` gttugdk. Jl pgrtjc`dgrk, njktr` g qukdd‚grjg sjapgtjcg k spjmdjgtg, dg vktturg Hjgt `hhrk s`duzj`lj tkcl`d`mjcek s`hjstjcgtk ag hrujojdj jl a`n` skapdjck cek s`nnjshgl` sjg j ojs`mlj c`lcrktj nkddg a`ojdjté qu`tjnjglg sjg dg crksckltk sklsjojdjté s`cjgdk vkrs` d‚gaojkltk k dg sjcurkzzg. Nulquk, Hjgt sp`stg d‚gstjckddg pjú jl gdt` pkr c`lhkragrsj pr`tgm`ljstg nkdd'kv`duzj`lk tkcl`d`mjcg nkddk supkr-c`apgttk, ul skmaklt` n`vk tgltg pgrtk nj st`rjg p`rtg jd su` l`ak6 ngddg prjag 899 gddg ;99, ngddg 7?8 gddg prjag Yglng, ngddg Cjlqukcklt` gddg Skjcklt`, ngddg skc`lng mklkrgzj`lk nj Yglng (?993) gddg lu`vg ;99 dglcjgtg lkd ?99=. C‚å skaprk stgtg ulg cjty-cgr Hjgt gccglt` gddg mkltk, gnkss` å nj lu`v` tkap` nj Yglng.

Yr`tkttjvg G mgrglzjg nkddg pr`tkzj`lk nkmdj `ccupgltj, dg lu`vg Yglng uljsck ulg sc`ccg pr`mkttgtg skc`ln` j crjtkrj pjú a`nkrlj g c`ltklutj nj sjcurkzzg gttjvg k pgssjvg cek lk mgrgltjsc`l` `ttjak prkstgzj`lj tglt` ng ksskrk gd vkrtjck nkddg pr`prjg cgtkm`rjg. Ykr dg akssg g pult` nkddk prkstgzj`lj nj sjcurkzzg, j pr`mkttjstj kn jd Ckltr` Sjcurkzzg Hjgt egll` prks` jl ksgak tuttj j tjpj nj p`ssjojdj tjpj nj japgtt`6 urtj hr`ltgdj, dgtkrgdj, rjogdtgaklt`, tgap`lgaklt` k urtj pkn`lk. Sj s`l` tklutk jl c`lsjnkrgzj`lk, jl`dtrk, dk njvkrsk vkd`cjté gddk qugdj p`ss`l` gvvkljrk mdj urtj, j njhhkrkltj tjpj nj `stgc`d` k dg tutkdg nj `ccupgltj c`l cgrgttkrjstjcek hjsjcek glcek a`dt` njvkrsk. G mgrglzjg nkddg pr`tkzj`lk nkmdj `ccupgltj, dg lu`vg Yglng `hhrk nj skrjk > gjrogm (hr`ltgdj gltkrj`rj k g tklnjlg pr`tkzj`lk tkstg), GOS c`apdkt` nj O.G.S. (Orgbk Gssjst Systka), cjlturk nj sjcurkzzg gltkrj`rj c`l prktklsj`lgt`rk k djajtgt`rk nj cgrjc`. Jl`dtrk, g skc`lng nkj akrcgtj k nkddk vkrsj`lj, å njsp`ljojdk nj skrjk ` jl `pzj`lk d‚KSC (Kdkctr`ljc Stgojdjty C`ltr`d) c`apdkt` nkd sjstkag Ejdde`dnkr cek gssjstk jd mujngt`rk lkddk pgrtklzk jl sgdjtg agltklkln` od`ccgt` jd hrkl` pkr cjrcg ? skc`lnj gmkv`dgln` c`sä dg rjpgrtklzg. Ygrtjc`dgrk gttklzj`lk å stgtg nknjcgtg gj sknjdj6 qukddj gltkrj`rj s`l` n`tgtj nj sjstkag gltjwejpdgse cek rjnuck jd rjscej` nj c`dp` nj hrustg jl cgs` nj urt` akltrk qukddj p`stkrj`rj njsp`lm`l` nj gttgccej Js`hjx pkr skmmj`djlj nkj pjcc`dj k nj p`mmjgtkstg. C`apdktgl` dk n`tgzj`lj nkd lu`v` a`nkdd` j pr`jktt`rj gltkrj`rj c`l hulzj`lk —duck njurlg‑ (Ngytjak _ulljlm Djmets). Jlhjlk, ul njsc`rs` pjú gppr`h`lnjt` akrjtg jd lu`v` sjstkag —D`w Spkkn C`ddjsj`l Ajtjmgtj`l‑ cek sgré njsp`ljojdk succkssjvgakltk gd dglcj`. Sj trgttg nj ul jll`vgtjv` c`ltklut` nj sjcurkzzg gttjvg cgpgck nj rjc`l`sckrk `stgc`dj p`stj nj hr`ltk gddg vktturg k nj hrklgrk gut`agtjcgakltk qugln` jd mujngt`rk l`l jltkrvjklk pkr kvjtgrk dg c`ddjsj`lk. G skc`lng nj gdculj pgrgaktrj (c`lnjzj`lj nkd h`ln` strgngdk, njlgajcg k trgjktt`rjg nkd vkjc`d`, scklgrj` nkmdj `stgc`dj, stgt` nkmdj plkuagtjcj, ktc.), d‚jltkrvklt` nkd sjstkag

 

DSCA puÿ kvjtgrk c`apdktgakltk d‚urt` (—C`ddjsj`l Gv`jnglck‑ ) ` rjnurlk dk c`lskmuklzk (—C`ddjsj`l Ajtjmgtj`l‑). Jd s`hjstjcgt` njsp`sjtjv` nkddg lu`vg Yglng jltkmrg trk hulzj`lj gmmjultjvk6 d‚Gut`agtjc Kakrmklcy Orgbjlm (GKO), jd Yrkhjdd kn jd Orgbk Gssjst. Jd prja`, pur rjspkttgln` dg v`d`lté nkd mujngt`rk k dgscjgln`mdj jd pjkl` c`ltr`dd` nkddg vktturg, kltrg jl gzj`lk c`l ulg hrklgtg n‚kakrmklzg n`p` gvkr vgdutgt` gttkltgakltk dg p`sjzj`lk k dg vkd`cjté nkmdj `stgc`dj, dg vkd`cjté nkd vkjc`d` (jlhkrj`rk g 39 Ba/e), d‚gcckdkrgzj`lk dgtkrgdk, d‚glm`d` nj stkrz` k dg prkssj`lk sud pkngdk gcckdkrgt`rk k dg sug vgrjgzj`lk. Jlvkck, dg hulzj`lgdjté —Yrkhjdd‑ prkcgrjcg jd sjstkag hrklgltk gd hjlk nj c`lskltjrk ulg rjsp`stg pjú pr`ltg sjg qugln` jltkrvjklk d‚Gut`agtjc Kakrmklcy Orgbjlm sjg jl cgs` nj hrklgtg ng pgrtk nkd mujngt`rk. Jd Orgbk Gssjst rjc`l`sck jlvkck dk sjtugzj`lj nj kakrmklzg k a`njhjcg dg rjsp`stg gd pkngdk hrkl` pkr ulg hrklgtg glc`rg pjú pr`ltg jl sjtugzj`lj nj kakrmklzg. Jd sjstkag å ogsgt` su ul skls`rk dgskr jlstgddgt` lkd pgrgorkzzg, cek —njgd`mg‑ c`l jd sjstkag KSC (Kdkctr`ljc Stgojdjty C`ltr`d). Ogsgt` sudd` stkss` prjlcjpj` nj qukddj utjdjzzgtj jl gstr`l`ajg pkr dg ajsurgzj`lk nkddk njstglzk trg j sgtkddjtj, jd skls`rk dgskr rjdkvg dg prksklzg nj `stgc`dj nj hr`ltk gd vkjc`d` qugln` sussjst`l` gdculk c`lnjzj`lj nj gddjlkgaklt`6 dg s`vrgpp`sjzj`lk trg dg vktturg k d‚`stgc`d` nkvk ksskrk agmmj`rk nkd >9% nkddg dgrmekzzg nkd vkjc`d` akltrk d‚glm`d` nj japgtt` nkvk ksskrk jlhkrj`rk g 39¹. D‚uljté nj c`ltr`dd` nkd sjstkag DSCA å jl mrgn` nj gttjvgrk dg hrklgtg gut`agtjcg, g skmujt` nj ulg rjcejkstg ng pgrtk nkd skls`rk dgskr, `dtrk g p`tkr rjcejknkrk ul tgmdj` nkddg c`ppjg vkrs` dg ckltrgdjlg nkd c`ltr`dd` a`t`rk lkd cgs` jl cuj jd pkngdk nkdd‚gcckdkrgt`rk l`l sjg stgt` rjdgscjgt`. Jlhjlk, d‚uljté nj c`ltr`dd` agltjklk dg vktturg hrklgtg pkr ? skc`lnj n`p` d‚grrkst`, pkr c`lskltjrk gd mujngt`rk nj rjprklnkrk jl sjcurkzzg dg l`ragdk mujng. D‚`ojkttjv` nkd sjstkag DSCA å qukdd` nj mgrgltjrk dg agssjag sjcurkzzg jl `mlj c`lnjzj`lk n‚us`, pkrtglt` vklm`l` gttjvgtk d`mjcek nj gttjvgzj`lk njhhkrkltj jl cgsj pgrtjc`dgrj qugdj, gn kskapj`, cjlturk nj sjcurkzzg l`l gddgccjgtk, strgng mejgccjgtg ` rktr`agrcjg.

Spjmdjgtg Hjgt Yglng å ulg vktturg nj s`stglzg cek vgltg a`t`rjzzgzj`lj gdd'gvglmugrnjg sjg pkr prkstgzj`lj sjg pkr c`lsuaj kn kajssj`lj. Goojlgtj g cgaoj akccgljcj g ; agrck, trg j pr`puds`rj jl mgaag spjccgl` j lu`vjssjaj ojcjdjlnrjcj c`l sjstkag Stgrt&St`p nj skrjk6 jd 9.: ^wjlGjr ^uro` ng 5; CX, l`ajlgt` "Jltkrlgtj`lgd Klmjlk `h tek Zkgr ?977", kn jd 9.: ^wjlGjr Gspjrgt` ng 8; CX, gddg sug prjag gppdjcgzj`lk (l`l å c`aakrcjgdjzzgt` jl Jtgdjg). C`apdktgl` dg mgaag nkj pr`puds`rj njsp`ljojdj gd dglcj` jd rjll`vgt` oklzjlg 7.? Hjrk ng 8: CX k jd turo`njkskd 7.3 Audtjfkt JJ ng =; CX c`l Stgrt&St`p nj skrjk. Succkssjvgakltk dg mgaag nkddg lu`vg Hjgt Yglng sgré gapdjgtg c`l dg trgsajssj`lk gut`agtjcg r`o`tjzzgtg Nugd`mjc, jl goojlgaklt` gddg a`t`rjzzgzj`lk ^wjlGjr, j pr`puds`rj ojhukd 9.: ^wjlGjr ^uro` Lgturgd Y`wkr ng 59 CX (oklzjlg/aktgl`) k 7.? KgsyY`wkr ng 8: CX (oklzjlg/MYD) cek c`lhkragl` dg c`stgltk gttklzj`lk nj Hjgt Gut`a`ojdks gddk tkagtjcek gaojkltgdj, gttrgvkrs` dg rjckrcg k d` svjdupp` nj s`duzj`lj pr`ltgakltk gcckssjojdj.

 

9.: ^wjlGjr ^uro` ng 5; CX

Cgp`stjpjtk nkddg lu`vg hgajmdjg nj a`t`rj ojcjdjlnrjcj nj Hjgt Y`wkrtrgjl, jd pr`puds`rk 9.: ^wjlGjr ^uro` kr`mg ulg p`tklzg agssjag nj 5; CX (83 b]) g ;.;99 mjrj/ajl k ulg c`ppjg nj 7>; La g 7.:99 mjrj/ajl (c`stgltk hjl` g 3.999 mjrj/ajl). Jl`dtrk, qugd`rg sj prkhkrjscg prjvjdkmjgrk d‚gspktt` —kc`d`mjc`‑ k j ajljaj c`lsuaj, å p`ssjojdk prkakrk jd tgst` KC@ prkskltk suddg pdglcjg pkr djajtgrk dg c`ppjg g 799 La g ?.999 m/ajl. Wukst` pr`p pr`puds`rk uds`rk hg rkmjstrgrk, lkd cjcd` ajst`, ajs t`, ul c`lsua` nj >,? djtrj/799 d jtrj/799 ba kn kajssj`lj  nj C@? pgrj g :: nj m/Ba. kajssj`lj Xkr` k pr`prj` mj`jkdd` jlmkmlkrjstjc`, jd orjddgltk ojcjdjlnrjc` japjkmg dg rjv`duzj`lgrjg tkcl`d`mjg AudtjGjr svjduppgtg k orkvkttgtg ng Hjgt Y`wkrtrgjl cek eg hgtt` jd su` nkoutt` lkd ?99:. Cu`rk nkd AudtjGjr å jd lu`v` sjstkag kdkttr`-jnrgudjc` nj mkstj`lk nkddk vgdv`dk cek pkrakttk nj rjnurrk j c`lsuaj - mrgzjk gn ul c`ltr`dd` njrktt` nkdd‚grjg aknjgltk dk vgdv`dk nj gspjrgzj`lk nkd a`t`rk, sklzg d‚utjdjzz` nkddg hgrhgddg - k dk kajssj`lj jlqujlgltj (akrjt` nkd c`ltr`dd` nkddg c`aoustj`lk), `dtrk gn ul sklsjojdk ajmdj`rgaklt` nkddk prkstgzj`lj k nkddg mujngojdjté. Jlhgttj, rjspktt` g ul trgnjzj`lgdk a`t`rk g oklzjlg nj pgrj cjdjlnrgtg, j pr`puds`rj c`l tkcl`d`mjg AudtjGjr gssjcurgl` ul jlcrkaklt` nj p`tklzg hjl` gd 79%, ul jlcrkaklt` nj c`ppjg hjl` gd 7;% k ulg sklsjojdk rjnuzj`lk nkddk kajssj`lj nj C@ ? sjl` gd 79%. Kdktt` —Jltkrlgtj`lgd Klmjlk `h tek Zkgr ?977‑, jd lu`v` pr`puds`rk ^wjlGjr rgpprkskltg d‚kstrkajzzgzj`lk nkd c`lcktt` nj —n`wlsjzjlm‑6 d‚goojlgaklt` nj ul a`t`rk nj cjdjlnrgtg rjn`ttg c`l ul turo`c`aprkss`rk nj lu`vg mklkrgzj`lk gd hjlk nj `ttklkrk prkstgzj`lj c`lhr`ltgojdj ` ajmdj`rj g pr`puds`rj nj cjdjlnrgtg supkrj`rk ag c`l c`lsuaj kn kajssj`lj jlhkrj`rj. L`l s`d`6 dg prksklzg nkd turo` guakltg sklsjojdakltk dg c`ppjg agssjag rklnkln`dg njsp`ljojdk gn ul rkmjak nj mjrj a`dt` ogss`, c`l jd rjsudtgt` nj `hhrjrk mrglnk kdgstjcjté k ulg pr`ltkzzg nj rjsp`stg sklzg c`lhr`ltj rjspktt` gj trgnjzj`lgdj a`t`rj gspjrgtj. Jd tutt` c`l ulg h`lngakltgdk skapdjcjté c`struttjvg cek vg g oklkhjcj` nkddg r`oustkzzg k nkdd‚ghhjngojdjté. Jd lu`v` a`t`rk å stgt` `mmktt` nj luakr`sj jltkrvkltj g djvkdd` nj `ttjajzzgzj`lk nkddg cjdjlnrgtg uljtgrjg k nj akssg g pult` jl tkrajlj nj rksg tkra`njlgajcg, k nj c`lhjmurgzj`lk hdujn`njlgajcg. Jlhjlk, d‚gspktt` LXE (c`ah`rt gcustjc`-vjorgzj`lgdk) å stgt` pgrtjc`dgrakltk curgt` pkr mgrgltjrk ou`lk prkstgzj`lj vjorgzj`lgdj ag c`l ulg tjaorjcg cgrgttkrjstjcg. G tgd hjlk å stgt` utjdjzzgt` ul c`ltrgdokr` nj kqujdjorgturg cek agltjklk `ttjaj djvkddj vjorgzj`lgdj jl tuttk dk c`lnjzj`lj nj hulzj`lgaklt` nkd a`t`rk6 ngd rkmjak ajlja` g qukdd` nj p`tklzg agssjag. 9.: ^wjlGjr Gspj rgt` ng 8; CX

Yrjag vktturg nj Hjgt Mr`up Gut`a`ojdks, dg lu`vg Yglng p`rtg gd nkoutt` a`lnjgdk dg vkrsj`lk —gspjrgtg‑ nkd a`t`rk ^wjlGjr cek kr`mg ulg p`tklzg agssjag nj 8; CX (>5 b]) g 8.?;9 mjrj/ajl kn ulg c`ppjg nj 55 La g 3.;99 mjrj/ajl. Jd tutt` g hr`ltk nj rjn`ttj djvkddj nj c`lsuaj kn kajssj`lj nj C@ ? - lkd cjcd` c`aojlgt` j vgd`rj rkmjstrgtj s`l` rjspkttjvgakltk >,? d/799ba k :: m/Ba - k c`l prkstgzj`lj cek s`l` c`apgrgojdj gj a`t`rj nj pgrj p`tklzg. Ykcudjgrjté nkd lu`v` pr`puds`rk å d‚jltr`nuzj`lk nkd sjstkag AudtjGjr nj skc`lng mklkrgzj`lk cek sj p`lk d‚`ojkttjv` nj agssjajzzgrk d'khhjcjklzg nkddg c`aoustj`lk. Akrjt` nj ul jll`vgtjv` pr`hjd` nkd

 

o`ccj`d` nkddg cgaag nj gspjrgzj`lk k nj ulg lu`vg a`ngdjté nj mkstj`lk nkddk vgdv`dk nkl`ajlgtg —jorjng‑. Jl nkttgmdj`, jd lu`v` pr`hjd` nj gspjrgzj`lk c`lskltk nj khhkttugrk ulg prk-gdzgtg nkddg vgdv`dg nj gspjrgzj`lk nurgltk dg hgsk nj scgrjc`. Jl qukst` a`n` pgrtk nkj mgs nj scgrjc` p`ss`l` rjhdujrk lkd c`ln`tt` nj gspjrgzj`lk pkr ksskrk rj-gspjrgtj lkddg succkssjvg hgsk nj gspjrgzj`lk. Sj `ttjklk jl qukst` a`n` jd c`sjnnktt` rjcjrc`d` jltkrl` nkj mgs nj scgrjc` (Jltkrlgd KM_) cek pkrakttk nj `ttjajzzgrk udtkrj`rakltk d‚khhjcjklzg nj c`aoustj`lk k qujlnj nj rjnurrk j c`lsuaj. Mrgzjk gddg kdkvgtg hdkssjojdjté cek c`ltrgnnjstjlmuk jd sjstkag Audtjgjr qukstg lu`vg rkm`dgzj`lk nkddk vgdv`dk (nkhjljtg jorjng) å `vvjgakltk gttjvgojdk s`d` dé n`vk skrvk k jl`dtrk dg qugltjté nj KM_ jltkrl` rjcjrc`dgt` å c`apdktgakltk a`nudgojdk. 7.? Hjrk KX@ JJ ng n g 8: CX

Jd 7.? KX@ JJ ng 8: CX å d‚udtjag kv`duzj`lk nkddg hgajmdjg HJ_K cek vgltg `dtrk 79 ajdj`lj nj uljté pr`n`ttk. Mrgzjk gj c`ltjluj gmmj`rlgakltj kn gddg sug grcejtktturg hdkssjojdk, qukstg hgajmdjg nj a`t`rj rjaglk ul pult` nj rjhkrjaklt` lkddg cgtkm`rjg c`ak nja`strg d‚japjkm` nkd vgrjgt`rk nj hgsk c`ltjlu` cek rjksck gn `ttjajzzgrk dk hgsj nj njstrjouzj`lk (gpkrturg k cejusurg vgdv`dk) g tuttj j rkmjaj nj r`tgzj`lk. Jl qukst` a`n`, ng ulg pgrtk, sj rjnuc`l` j c`lsuaj kn kajssj`lj nj C@ ? (rjspkttjvgakltk ;,? djtrj/799 ba k 7?9 m/ba)2 ngdd‚gdtrg pgrtk, guakltgl` dk prkstgzj`lj mgrgltkln` njsp`ljojdjté nj c`ppjg g ogssj mjrj (79? La g 3.999 m/ajl) k nj p`tklzg g rkmjaj gdtj (8: CX g ;.;99 m/ajl). 7.3 Audt Audt jfkt JJ ng =; CX CX

Gdd‚jlskmlg nkd rjspktt` gaojkltgdk k nkd pjgckrk nj mujng, dg mgaag nkddg lu`vg Yglng `hhrk jd 7.3 Audtjfkt JJ (Kur`;) c`l NYH nj skrjk cek kr`mg ulg p`tklzg agssjag nj =; CX (;; b]) g >.999 mjrj/ajl kn ulg c`ppjg nj 7:9 La g s`dj 7.;99 mjrj/ajl. Xkr` k pr`prj` cgp`dgv`r` nj tkcl`d`mjg jl ajljgturg - c`apdkt` nj tuttj j su`j gcckss`rj pksg cjrcg 7>9 bm - jd lu`v` turo`njkskd eg njaklsj`lj c`ltklutk6 dulm` akl` nj 89 ckltjaktrj k gdt` akl` nj =9 ca vgltg ul —dgy`ut‑ nkj c`ap`lkltj stunjgt` pkr jd ajlja` jlm`aor`. C`apgtt` k tkcl`d`mjcgakltk s`hjstjcgt`, qujlnj, jd 7.3 Audtjfkt JJ å glcek cgpgck nj `ttjaj rklnjakltj. N`tgt` nj turo`c`aprkss`rk g mk`aktrjg hjssg c`l jltkrc``dkr, `ttjajzzgt` pkr d‚kr`mgzj`lk nj c`ppjg g ogssj rkmjaj, jd 7.3 Audtjfkt JJ hg rkmjstrgrk lkd cjcd` ajst` gppklg 79> m/ba nj kajssj`lj nj C@ ? k c`lsuaj pgrj g 3,: djtrj pkr 799 ba. Gppgrtklkltk gddg skc`lng mklkrgzj`lk nkj pr`puds`rj Audtjfkt, qukst` pr`puds`rk gssjcurg djvkddj nj kc`l`ajg, kc`d`mjg k prkstgzj`lj cek l`l egll` kqujvgdkltj sud akrcgt`. _jspktt` gddg prjag mklkrgzj`lk nkj a`t`rj Audtjfkt cgaojg jd sjstkag nj gdjakltgzj`lk c`l jljktt`rj pjú vkd`cj k cgpgcj nj c`apjkrk jljkzj`lj audtjpdk rgvvjcjlgtk. Jl pgrtjc`dgrk, å p`ssjojdk khhkttugrk ul‚jljkzj`lk prjlcjpgdk nj cgrourgltk a`nudgtg jl pjú hgsj njstjltk kn gltjcjpgrk dk succkssjvk. Jd sjstkag Audtjfkt JJ å jl mrgn` nj mkstjrk hjl` g 5 jljkzj`lj pkr cjcd`, mrgzjk gddg lu`vg skrv`vgdv`dg c`l `tturgt`rk ojdglcjgt`, `hhrkln` agmmj`rk vkd`cjté, hdkssjojdjté k prkcjsj`lk lkddk njvkrsk hgsj nj hulzj`lgaklt`. D‚jljktt`rk rjsudtg glcek ksskrk pjú skapdjck kn ghhjngojdk mrgzjk gddg ajl`r c`apdkssjté c`struttjvg kn gd >9% jl akl` nj c`ap`lkltj.

 

Mrgzjk gddg lu`vg tjp`d`mjg nj jljktt`rj, å p`ssjojdk rkgdjzzgrk strgtkmjk v`dtk gdd‚`ttjajzzgzj`lk nkddg c`aoustj`lk skaprk pjú gvglzgtk, c`ak qukddg —nkdd‚jlfkctj`l _gtk Segpjlm‑ cek prkvknk nuk jljkzj`lj c`lskcutjvk c`sä rgvvjcjlgtk ng mklkrgrk ul pr`hjd` c`ltjlu` k a`nudgt` nkdd‚kr`mgzj`lk nkd c`aoustjojdk lkj cjdjlnrj. C`l qukstg a`ngdjté sj ajmdj`rg jd pr`ckss` nj c`aoustj`lk g vgltgmmj` nkddg sjdklzj`sjté k nkddk kajssj`lj nj pgrtjc`dgt` kn `ssjnj nj gz`t` (L@x), `mmj j Audtjfkt JJ s`nnjshgl` gapjgakltk dg l`ragtjvg Kur` ; k gd tkap` stkss` skmlgl` ul pgss` nkcjsjv` vkrs` huturj k pjú skvkrj djvkddj l`ragtjvj. Jlhjlk, skaprk lkd pjkl` rjspktt` gaojkltgdk, pkr jd 7.3 Audtjfkt JJ ng =; CX s`l` stgtk utjdjzzgtk jll`vgtjvk tkcl`d`mjk nj trgttgaklt` nkj mgs nj scgrjc` qugdj dg trgpp`dg pkr jd pgrtjc`dgt` rgvvjcjlgtg (Cd`sk C`updkn Njkskd Ygrtjcudgtk Hjdtkr) k jd sjstkag KM_ (Kxegust Mgs _kcjrcudgtj`l) jltkmrgt`, cek ajmdj`rg jd c`ltr`dd` nkddg tkapkrgturg k jd hduss` nkj mgs, mgrgltkln` gd c`ltkap` ajl`rj kajssj`lj k rjnuzj`lk nkj c`lsuaj.

_jspktt`sg @dtrk gddk n`tj nj gmjdjté k orj`, gn ulg vkrg —cjttgnjlg‑ sj cejknk glcek nj c`lsuagrk p`c` k nj ksskrk rjspktt`sg nkdd‚gaojkltk. Jl qukst` gaojt` dg lu`vg Yglng l`l c`l`sck rjvgdj mrgzjk gdd‚gn`zj`lk nkj luakr`sj sjstkaj pklsgtj pkr guakltgrk d‚khhjcjklzg njlgajcg nkd vkjc`d`6 ngdd` Stgrt&St`p gd Mkgr Sejht Jlnjcgt`r (MSJ), (MSJ), ngdd‚kc`Nrjvk gddg a`ngdjté KC@ nkd a`t`rk ^wjlGjr ^uro`. L`aj tkcljcj `ragj kltrgtj lkd djlmugmmj` c`aulk cek Hjgt eg c`ltrjoujt` g hgr lgsckrk ` kv`dvkrk k cek `mmj s`l` rgmmruppgtj jl —Gjr ^kcel`d`mjks‑, jd lu`v` agrcej` cek jnkltjhjcg dk tkcl`d`mjk g ogss` japgtt` gaojkltgdk cgpgcj nj c`ljumgrk kc`d`mjg k pjgckrk nj mujng. Stgrt&St`p

^uttj j a`t`rj ^wjlGjr oklzjlg k jd 7.3 Audtjfkt JJ ng =; CX `hhr`l` nj skrjk jd njsp`sjtjv` Stgrt&St`p cek mkstjsck d` spkmljaklt` tkap`rglk` nkd a`t`rk k jd su` succkssjv` rjgvvj` jl a`n` ng rjnurrk jd c`lsua` nj cgrourgltk k dk kajssj`lj nj C@ ?. Yklsgt` jl pgrtjc`dgrk pkr dg mujng jl cjtté, jd sjstkag spkmlk gut`agtjcgakltk jd a`t`rk qugln` dk c`lnjzj`lj nkd trghhjc` jap`lm`l` ul grrkst` nkd vkjc`d` (gn kskapj` skagh`rj r`ssj, c`nk k s`stk tkap`rglkk) agltklkln` gttjvk tuttk dk hulzj`lj cek mgrgltjsc`l` jd c`ah`rt k dg sjcurkzzg g o`rn` (ducj, cdjagtjzzgt`rk, rgnj` k tkrmjcrjstgddj). Spkmlkln` jd a`t`rk qugln` dg vktturg å hkrag sj kvjtg nj c`lsuagrk cgrourgltk jlutjdakltk (hjl` g -7;% lkd cjcd` urogl`), sj googtt`l` dk kajssj`lj k sj ajmdj`rg jd c`ah`rt gcustjc`. Jd njsp`sjtjv` å gttjvgojdk/njsgttjvgojdk trgajtk jd pudsgltk p`st` suddg pdglcjg. Mkgr Sejht Jlnjcgt`r (M Mkgr (MSJ) SJ)  

jd njsp`sjtjv` Mkgr Sejht Jlnjcgt`r (MSJ) å ul vkr` k pr`prj` —c`pjd`tg‑ cek summkrjsck jl a`n` njscrkt` gd mujngt`rk jd a`aklt` `ttjagdk jl cuj khhkttugrk j cgaoj agrcjg gd hjlk nj ajljajzzgrk jd c`lsua` nj cgrourgltk. Gttrgvkrs` ul‚gpp`sjtg jlnjcgzj`lk sud qugnr` nj o`rn`, jd MSJ puÿ summkrjrk nj jllkstgrk

 

ulg agrcjg supkrj`rk pkr pkrakttkrk gd a`t`rk nj hulzj`lgrk gn ul rkmjak jlhkrj`rk, `ppurk nj scgdgrk agrcjg pkr shruttgrk gd akmdj` dg c`ppjg njsp`ljojdk. A`ngdjté A`ng djté — KC@‑ KC@‑

G s`tt`djlkgrk dk n`tj nj kc`-c`apgtjojdjté nkd rjv`duzj`lgrj` a`t`rk 9.: ^wjlgjr ^uro` ng 5; Cv, dk vktturk c`sä kqujpgmmjgtk prkskltgl` dg p`ssjojdjté nj skdkzj`lgrk ulg a`ngdjté nj hulzj`lgaklt` kc`d`mjcg gttrgvkrs` dg prkssj`lk nj ul pudsgltk —KC@‑ prkskltk jl pdglcjg. ^gdk skdkzj`lk c`lsjstk jl ulg agppgturg spkcjhjcg cek, trgajtk dg rjnuzj`lk nkddg c`ppjg nj >; La (ng 7>; g 799 La), c`lskltk ulg mujng akl` prkstgzj`lgdk k pjú gttkltg gj c`lsuaj (sj a`dtjpdjcgl` jl`dtrk mdj jlvjtj nkd Mkgr Sejht jlnjcgt`r g pgssgrk gd rgpp`rt` supkrj`rk). kc`6Nrjvk

Jd sjstkag kc`6Nrjvk å ulg s`duzj`lk nj skapdjck utjdjzz` k "g c`st` zkr`" cek supp`rtg jd mujngt`rk lkd ajmdj`rgrk jd c`ap`rtgaklt` gddg mujng k `ttjajzzgrk qujlnj c`lsuaj kn kajssj`lj nkd vkjc`d`. Jlhgttj, dg tkcl`d`mjg kc`6Nrjvk å dg prjag k uljcg cgpgck nj h`rljrk gd mujngt`rk nkj c`lsjmdj pkrs`lgdjzzgtj jl ogsk gdd` stjdk nj mujng. [tjdjzzgln` d‚gppdjcgzj`lk kc`6Nrjvk, njsp`ljojdk mrgtujtgakltk pkr jd n`wld`gn sud sjt` Hjgt (www.hjgt.c`a/kc`Nrjvk www.hjgt.c`a/kc`Nrjvk)) jl goojlgaklt` gd sjstkag Oduk&Ak, d‚utkltk puÿ rgcc`mdjkrk j pr`prj ngtj nj mujng k aka`rjzzgrdj jl ul njsp`sjtjv` nj grcejvjgzj`lk [SO. Succkssjvgakltk, jlskrkln` dg cejgvkttg [SO lkd pr`prj` YC, jd sjstkag kc`6Nrjvk jlvjg j ngtj gd skrvkr Hjgt cek dj pr`ckssg pkr ajsurgrk d‚khhjcjklzg nj mujng suddg ogsk nj qugttr` pgrgaktrj6 gcckdkrgzj`lk, nkckdkrgzj`lk, cgaoj` agrcjg k vkd`cjté. J pultkmmj rjckvutj jl `mlulg nj qukstk qugttr` grkk vgll` g c`lhdujrk lkdd‚kc`6Jlnkx, ul jlnjck cek rjgssuak dg qugdjté nj mujng c`l ul pultkmmj` ng 7 g 799. Mdj kc`6Nrjvkr rjckv`l` nkj c`lsjmdj pkrs`lgdjzzgtj su c`ak ajmdj`rgrk dk pr`prjk prkstgzj`lj jl `mlj grkg k, nj c`lskmuklzg, jd pr`prj` kc`6Jlnkx. Y`ss`l` skmujrk j d`r` pr`mrkssj lkd tkap`, p`rsj nkmdj `ojkttjvj k vkrjhjcgrk j pr`prj rjspgraj gttrgvkrs` d‚gppdjcgzj`lk sud pr`prj` YC. ^uttj mdj utkltj nj kc`6Nrjvk hgll` pgrtk nj kc`6Xjddk, dg c`aauljty `l-djlk jl cuj c`lhdujsc`l` tuttj j rjspgraj `ttklutj mrgzjk gdd‚japkml` nkmdj kc`6Nrjvkr. Gn `mmj, cjrcg 8>.999 utkltj egll` rjspgrajgt` ul t`tgdk nj >.399 t`llkddgtk nj C@? ajmdj`rgln` d‚khhjcjklzg nkd pr`prj` stjdk nj mujng. Njsp`ljojdk su ul‚gapjg mgaag nj gut`a`ojdj k vkjc`dj c`aakrcjgdj nj Hjgt Mr`up Gut`a`ojdks, jd s`htwgrk pr`p`lk nkddk spkcjhjcek hulzj`lgdjté pkr vgdutgrk j rjspgraj dkmgtj gdd‚utjdjzz` nkddg tkcl`d`mjg Stgrt&St`p k nkd aktgl`. Jl`dtrk, å njsp`ljojdk kc`6Nrjvk Hdkkt, ulg vkrsj`lk nknjcgtg gddk hd`ttk cek pkrakttk gddk gzjklnk k gj mkst`rj nkddk hd`ttk nj a`ljt`rgrk c`lsuaj kn kajssj`lj nj C@ ? - nj c`lskmuklzg j c`stj - nkd pgrc` gut` gzjklngdk. C`l kc`6Nrjvk, qujlnj, Hjgt eg v`dut` pklsgrk l`l s`d` gj pr`prj pr`n`ttj ag glcek gj pr`prj utkltj jlc`rgmmjgln`dj g c`ltrjoujrk gddg rjnuzj`lk nkddk kajssj`lj dkmgtk gd trgsp`rt` gut`a`ojdjstjc`.

 

@spjtgdk L`l`stgltk dk njaklsj`lj c`ltklutk cekdg rkln`l` pkrhkttg jl cjtté, ulg v`dtg sgdjtj g o`rn` nkddg lu`vg Yglng sj rjaglk s`rprksj ngdd'gapjkzzg nkdd'gojtgc`d` k ngdd` spgzj` jltkrl` tglt` cek cj sj skltk pjú `spjtj cek skapdjcj pgsskmmkrj. Ag lu`vg Yglng sg hgrk nj pjú. Njsp`lk jlhgttj nj tuttk qukddk cgrgttkrjstjcek njlgajcek k nj c`ah`rt cek dk pkraktt`l` nj ghhr`ltgrk c`a`ngakltk pkrc`rsj kxtrg-uroglj pjú dulmej kn japkmlgtjvj6 hgcjdjté nj mujng, njsp`sjzj`lk nkj c`aglnj k nkdd‚grrkngaklt` rgzj`lgdk kn krm`l`ajcg, luakr`sj spgzj pkr rjp`rrk mdj `mmkttj, `dtrk gdd‚japjkm` nj sknjdj —sdja" cek c`ltrjoujsc`l` g ajmdj`rgrk j vgd`rj nj gcckssjojdjté k c`ah`rt pkr j pgsskmmkrj p`stkrj`rj. Jl`dtrk, dg p`sjzj`lk nj mujng gdtg, dg dkvg nkd cgaoj` p`stg gd ckltr` nkddg pdglcjg k dk gapjk supkrhjcj vktrgtk mgrgltjsc`l` g mujngt`rk k pgsskmmkrj ul‚`ttjag vjsjojdjté k n`ajlj` nkddg strgng. Jlhjlk, c`ltrjoujsc`l` gd ajmdj`rk c`ah`rt nj mujng dg p`sjzj`lk krm`l`ajcg nkj c`aglnj k d` spgzj` g njsp`sjzj`lk pkr dk mgaok k d'gapjg djokrté nj a`vjaklt` lkddg z`lg gdtg nkdd'gojtgc`d`. Krm`l`ajg k spgzj` spgzj` gj agssjaj djvkddj

@mmj cej sckmdjk ul'gut` c`apgttg l`l vu`dk rjlulcjgrk gd c`ah`rt cek tr`vkrkook su vktturk pjú mrglnj jl quglt` å gojtugt` g stglngrn nj c`ah`rt tjpjcj nj skmakltj supkrj`rj k g qukstj tklnk g rjhkrjrsj. Ykr rgmmjulmkrk qukst` `ojkttjv` j pr`mkttjstj egll` dgv`rgt` skc`ln` j pjú a`nkrlj crjtkrj nj krm`l`ajg pkr dg nkhjljzj`lk nj qukj pgrgaktrj cek ajsurgl` dg cgpgcjté nkdd'gut`a`ojdk nj rjsp`lnkrk gddk ksjmklzk nj oklksskrk k c`ah`rt g o`rn`. Jd rjsudtgt` hjlgdk s`l` mdj kcckddkltj vgd`rj nkddg lu`vg Yglng lkddk hulzj`lj krm`l`ajcek h`lngakltgdj6 gojtgojdjté, p`sturg nj mujng, gcckssjojdjté.   Jl pgrtjc`dgrk, vgltg ul ajmdj`rgaklt` rjspktt` gdd‚gttugdk Yglng nkddk prjlcjpgdj njaklsj`lj jltkrlk vkrtjcgdk (gltkrj`rk += aa k p`stkrj`rk + > aa) k dgtkrgdk (gltkrj`rk +?8 aa k p`stkrj`rk +; aa) p`lkln`dg gj vkrtjcj lkdd‚gaojt` nkddg sug cgtkm`rjg. Jl`dtrk, glcek mrgzjk gj sknjdj —sdja‑ gltkrj`rj cek ajmdj`rgl` d‚gcckssjojdjté (gltkrj`rk + ?3 aa, p`stkrj`rk + 8 aa), guakltg dg hrujojdjté nkdd` spgzj` d`lmjtunjlgdk (+?9 aa) pkr ul agmmj`rk c`ah`rt g hgv`rk nkj pgsskmmkrj p`stkrj`rj. Dg lu`vg Yglng å ulg vktturg s`rprklnkltkakltk mrglnk. [l rjsudtgt` `ttklut`, trg d'gdtr`, sklzg prkmjunjcgrk dg cgpgcjté nkd p`rtgogmgmdj cek å nj ??; djtrj (c`l sknjdk p`stkrj`rk hjss`) cek njvkltgl` ?89 c`l sknjdk sc`rrkv`dk jl p`sjzj`lk c`apdktgakltk gvglzgtg, mrgzjk gn ul‚kscursj`lk nj 78 ckltjaktrj. Jl`dtrk, c`l d` scejklgdk nkj sknjdj p`stkrj`rj googttut` sj rgmmjulm`l` mdj 5=9 djtrj.   ^rg d‚gdtr`, rjspktt` gddg skc`lng mklkrgzj`lk nj Yglng, jd v`duak nkd p`rtgogmgmdj guakltg nj 79 djtrj (c`lhjmurgzj`lk l`ragdk) k 38 djtrj (lkd cgs` nj sknjdk p`stkrj`rk googttut`). C`ah`rt gcustjc` k cdjagtjc`

Yglng å ulg cjty-cgr c`a`ng, spgzj`sg, sjdklzj`sg. Wukst'udtjag å ulg cgrgttkrjstjcg pgrtjc`dgrakltk jap`rtgltk jl ul'gut`a`ojdk, pkrceê ajmdj`rg dg qugdjté nkddg vjtg g o`rn` k hgv`rjsck d'gttklzj`lk gddg mujng, cj`å qujlnj dg sjcurkzzg. Lkd pr`mkttgrk dg lu`vg Yglng, qujlnj, å stgtg japjkmgtg

 

tuttg ulg skrjk nj gcc`rmjakltj nkstjlgtj g rjnurrk khhjcgckakltk `mlj tjp` nj rua`rk trgsakss` gdd'gojtgc`d`. Ykr kskapj`, rjspktt` gddg skc`lng mklkrgzj`lk, dg lu`vg Yglng rkmjstrg ulg rjnuzj`lk nj > nO, c`rrjsp`lnk g ul njakzzgaklt` nkdd'jltklsjté nkd rua`rk pr`vkljkltk ngddg strgng, mgrgltkln` mrglnk sjdklzj`sjté nj agrcjg. Dg lu`vg vktturg å cgrgttkrjzzgtg ng ul'kdkvgtg rjmjnkzzg t`rsj`lgdk nkddg sc`ccg (=7.399 ngLa/rgn) cek, gss`cjgtg g spkcjhjcj jltkrvkltj ajrgtj, eg c`lskltjt` jd rgmmjulmjaklt` nj kcckddkltj djvkddj nj c`apgttkzzg cek rjsudtg ksskrk ul` nkj pultj nj h`rzg nkd a`nkdd`. Jlhjlk, `dtrk gd trgnjzj`lgdk rjscgdngt`rk k jd cdjagtjzzgt`rk aglugdk, pkr dg lu`vg Hjgt Yglng å stgt` sckdt` ul khhjcjkltk k rgpjn` cdjagtjzzgt`rk cek, gttrgvkrs` ulg ckltrgdjlg kdkttr`ljcg, c`ltr`ddg gut`agtjcgakltk dg tkapkrgturg, dg p`rtgtg nkdd‚grjg, dg sug njstrjouzj`lk, d‚jlskrjaklt` nkd c`aprkss`rk k jd rjcjrc`d`. Nkd rkst`, jd cdjag gdd'jltkrl` nkdd'gojtgc`d` å ul` nkj prjlcjpgdj hgtt`rj nj c`ah`rt nurgltk jd vjgmmj` kn å jap`rtgltk glcek pkr dg sjcurkzzg prkvkltjvg, pkrceê tkapkrgturg, uajnjté k vkltjdgzj`lk jlhdujsc`l` sud oklksskrk nkd mujngt`rk k qujlnj sud su` djvkdd` n'gttklzj`lk. Sklzg njakltjcgrk cek gdd'japjglt` nj rjscgdngaklt` k gkrgzj`lk å ghhjngt` glcek d` sorjlgaklt` nkd pgrgorkzzg k nkj vktrj dgtkrgdj.

Njsjlv`dtg Hjgt Yglng sj nja`strg orjddgltk k njsjlv`dtg lkd su` egojtgt lgturgdk6 dg cjtté. Akrjt` ckrtgakltk nkddk suk njaklsj`lj c`apgttk k nkdd‚grtjc`dgtg mgaag a`t`rj gddk qugdj sj gmmjulm`l` d‚jll`vgtjv` gut`tkdgj` d‚ghhjngojdk k c`ddgungt` scekag nkddk s`spklsj`lj cek s`l` stgtk rjll`vgtk jl a`n` ng mgrgltjrk c`ltr`dd` k c`ah`rt gj agssjaj djvkddj. Jl`dtrk, ul njgaktr` nj stkrzgtg nj :,3 aktrj c`lskltk gddg lu`vg vktturg nj ghhr`ltgrk c`l njsjlv`dturg dk strkttk vjk nj ul ckltr` cjttgnjl`. S`spklsj`lj S`spk lsj`lj rjll`vgtk

_jspktt` gddg skc`lng mklkrgzj`lk, dg lu`vg Yglng pr`p`lk ul'jlknjtg s`spklsj`lk gltkrj`rk c`l scekag Ac Yekrs`l6 å stgtg gddkmmkrjtg k c`ltrjoujsck g prkstgzj`lj nj crgse "nj gdt` djvkdd`". D'gddkmmkrjaklt` å stgt` `ttklut` c`l ul orgccj` jlhkrj`rk a`l`muscj` jl agtkrjgdk udtrg gdt` rksjstklzjgdk - å jd prja` utjdjzz` jl Kur`pg pkr c`ap`lkltj Cegssjs - k c`l ulg trgvkrsg a`nudgrk rkgdjzzgtg c`l dgajkrk g ogss` spkss`rk jl gccjgj` gdt` rksjstklzjgdk. Yrknjsp`stg pkr huturk gppdjcgzj`lj, dg trgvkrsg jltkrhgccjg dg c`sjnnkttg tkrzg djlkg nj cgrjc` pkr ul nkcjs` ajmdj`rgaklt` nkddg prkstgzj`lk crgse nurgltk urt` gn gdtg vkd`cjté k ogssg vkd`cjté (urt` pkn`lk k urt` gssjcurgt`rj). Dg lu`vg s`spklsj`lk gltkrj`rk eg ul tgsskdd` gttgcc` gaa`rtjzzgt`rk nj tjp` "sn`ppjgt`" cek pkrakttk nj trgsakttkrk gddg sc`ccg j cgrjcej gttrgvkrs` nuk vjk njhhkrkltj k qujlnj nj gvkrk ul agmmj`rk hjdtrgmmj` nkddk vjorgzj`lj strgng k ul ajmdj`rk c`ap`rtgaklt` gcustjc` mrgzjk gn ul jrrjmjnjaklt` njlgajc` nkddg m`aag jlhkrj`rk rjspktt` g qukdd` nkd a`nkdd` gttugdk, mgrgltkln` c`ltkap`rglkgakltk dg ajmdj`r khhjcjklzg nkdd'gaa`rtjzzgt`rk mrgzjk gn ulg rjmjnkzzg gssjgdk l`l jlhkrj`rk gdd'gttugdk.

 

Jl`dtrk, dg s`spklsj`lk gltkrj`rk gn`ttg ulg lu`vg ogrrg stgojdjzzgtrjck cek lk ajmdj`rg d'khhjcjklzg pgssgln` ngddg s`duzj`lk c`l gttgcc` gd orgccj` s`spklsj`lk gn ulg s`duzj`lk nj gttgcc` trgajtk ulg ojkddkttg su gaa`rtjzzgt`rk, agssjajzzgln` d'khhktt` gltjr`ddj` nkddg ogrrg. @dtrk gdd'khhjcjklzg å stgt` `ttjajzzgt` glcek jd pks` nkddg ogrrg stgojdjzzgtrjck, skaprk g pgrj khhktt` gltjr`ddj`. Jlhjlk, dk o`cc`dk nkd orgccj` nkddg s`spklsj`lk gltkrj`rk s`l` stgtk stunjgtk k pr`mkttgtk pkr `ttklkrk jd ajmdj`rk c`ah`rt nurgltk dg agrcjg k su sh`ln` sc`llkss`, k egll` c`ltrjoujt` gd ajmdj`rgaklt` gcustjc` mrgzjk gd c`lskmujaklt` nj ul jrrjmjnjaklt` njlgajc` jlhkrj`rk gdd'gttugdk. Dg s`spklsj`lk p`stkrj`rk gn gssgdk t`rckltk prkvknk ulg lu`vg o`cc`dg nj njaklsj`lk agmmj`rk rjspktt` gdd'gttugdk Yglng, dg qugdk mgrgltjsck ul jlcrkaklt` nj c`ah`rt su sc`llkss` kn ul ajmdj`rgaklt` lkdd'js`dgaklt` gcustjc` sklzg gdculg pklgdjzzgzj`lk lkddg tklutg nj strgng. Dg h`rag å stgtg stunjgtg pkr `ttjajzzgrk d'gss`rojaklt` nkddk gspkrjté d`lmjtunjlgdj sklzg pklgdjzzgrk dk gdtrk prkstgzj`lj kdgst`cjlkagtjcek nkddg s`spklsj`lk p`stkrj`rk. ^k ^kdgj` dgj` j ll`vgtjv`  

L`vjté s`l` prkskltj glcek sudd'gut`tkdgj` nkddg lu`vg Yglng cek å stgt` svjduppgt` skc`ln` nuk djlkk mujng6 sjcurkzzg k gddkmmkrjaklt`. Jl pgrtjc`dgrk, c`sä c`ak å stgt` hgtt` pkr d‚jltkrg sc`ccg, sj å p`tut` c`lcjdjgrk qukstk nuk prkstgzj`lj mrgzjk gn ul kstks` japjkm` nj agtkrjgdj gdt`-rksjstklzjgdj (`dtrk jd =9%) nj cuj d‚77% c`l dg tkcl`d`mjg nkdd` stgapgt` g cgdn` cek eg c`lskltjt` nj guakltgrk dg cgpgcjté nj gss`rojaklt` nkdd'klkrmjg lkmdj urtj hr`ltgdj k dgtkrgdj kn gd c`ltkap` nj gddkmmkrjrk dg strutturg. _jspktt` gd a`nkdd` prkcknkltk, ul gdtr` kdkaklt` nj jll`vgzj`lk å d'japdkakltgzj`lk nj ulg tkrzg djlkg nj cgrjc` lkddg strutturg gltkrj`rk cek pkrakttk ul pjú khhjcgck c`ltr`dd` nkddk nkh`ragzj`lj k nkj cgrjcej lkmdj urtj hr`ltgdj mrgzjk gddg cgpgcjté nj trgshkrjrk j cgrjcej vkrs` dg pgrtk ogssg nkd vkjc`d`, pjú rksjstkltk, k qujlnj nj rjnurrk dk jltrusj`lj jl gojtgc`d`. Jlhjlk, glcek dk pgrtj gvvjtgtk nja`strgl` d'kv`duzj`lk tkcljcg nj qukst` pjglgdk c`ak d'japjkm` nj gccjgj tkaprgtj gdtgakltk pkrh`ragltj pkr dg trgvkrsg pgrgurtj gltkrj`rk k d'gn`zj`lk nj agtkrjgdj pdgstjcj "l`ojdj" (d` Ukl`y) dkmmkrj k rksjstkltj suddg trgvkrsg pgrgurtj p`stkrj`rk. Skrv`stkrz` Sk rv`stkrz` kdkttrjc` kdkttrjc` Nugdnrjvk Nugdnrjvk c`l hu lzj`lk —Cjty‑

G qukstk pkcudjgrjté tkcljcek, dg lu`vg Yglng gmmjulmk qukj njsp`sjtjvj cek cgaojgl` dg vjtg g o`rn` nj ulg vktturg c`ak jd skrv`stkrz` kdkttrjc` Nugdnrjvk c`l hulzj`lk —Cjty‑. Nj skrjk sudd‚jltkrg mgaag, rjspktt` gddg agmmj`r pgrtk nkj sjstkaj jl c`aakrcj`, jd Nugdnrjvk nj Hjgt Yglng `hhrk gd cdjkltk ul‚`pp`rtuljté jl pjú6 qukddg nj sckmdjkrk trg nuk njhhkrkltj pr`mrgaaj nj tgrgturg. Jd prja` gssjcurg jd agssja` hkkdjlm trg mujngt`rk k vktturg. Jd skc`ln`, skdkzj`lgojdk trgajtk dg prkssj`lk nkd tgst` —Cjty‑, gddkmmkrjsck d` stkrz` k sj rjvkdg jnkgdk nurgltk dg agrcjg jl cjtté k lkddk agl`vrk nj pgrcekmmj`. Ykr mgrgltjrk gd cdjkltk dg agssjag sjcurkzzg glcek lkd cgs` jl cuj sj pkrc`rrgl` strgnk g vkd`cjté kdkvgtg njakltjcgln` jd njsp`sjtjv` jl p`sjzj`lk —Cjty‑, gd nj s`prg nkj 3; ba/e, jd pr`mrgaag —cjttgnjl`‑ sj njsjlskrjsck k pjú dg vkd`cjté crksck, pjú d‚gsskrvjaklt` sj rjnuck mgrgltkln` c`sä ulg agmmj`rk prkcjsj`lk nj mujng k gssjcurgln` ulg rjsp`stg nkd v`dgltk gnkmugtg gdtk vkd`cjté vkd`cjté.

 

Jlmkml`sg C`auljcgrk k vjgmmjgrk6 å quglt` pr`akttk k agltjklk d‚jlmkml`sg Yglng `hhrkln` sjg jd prja` djvkdd` nkd sjstkag Oduk&Ak^A  - jlcdunk Xjvgv`ck c`l jltkrhgccjg Odukt``te®, rjc`l`scjaklt` v`cgdk kv`dut`, Y`rtg [SO, dktt`rk AY3 kn SAS jltkrprktkr - sjg, g rjcejkstg, d‚udtjag kv`duzj`lk nkd njsp`sjtjv`6 jd —Oduk&Ak ^`a^`a? DJXK‑. ^uttj j pultj n j h`rzg nkd sjstkag Oduk&Ak Oduk&Ak^A

Yrkajgt` c`l prkstjmj`sj rjc`l`scjakltj jltkrlgzj`lgdj, jd sjstkag Oduk&Ak ^A  å jd pjú gpprkzzgt` njsp`sjtjv` jlh`tgjlaklt, c`ak nja`strgl` `dtrk nuk ajdj`lj nj uljté vklnutk lkd a`ln`, lgt` ngddg c`ddgo`rgzj`lk trg Hjgt Mr`up Gut`a`ojdks k Ajcr`s`ht. Dg pgrtlkrsejp sjmdgtg lkd dumdj` nkd ?99>, c`l d‚`ojkttjv` g dulm` tkrajlk nj pr`mkttgrk sjstkaj tkdkagtjcj jll`vgtjvj pkr d‚gut`, eg ngt` vjtg gn ul pr`n`tt` `ragj ghhkragt` sud akrcgt`, ? ajdj`lj nj nkvjck  vklnutj, cek sj gvvgdk nj ulg tkcl`d`mjg c`apdktgakltk jltkmrgtg jl pkrhkttg sjlt`ljg c`l d‚utkltk, c`ak summkrjsck jd su` l`ak.  Ogsgt` su ]jln`ws A`ojdk h`r Gut`a`tjvk, jd njsp`sjtjv` sj h`lng su ul sjstkag gpkrt` skaprk gd pgss` c`l j tkapj, gmmj`rlgojdk, hdkssjojdk k a`nudgojdk lkj c`ltklutj. Jlhgttj, Hjgt Mr`up Gut`a`ojdks k Ajcr`s`ht, c`l jd supp`rt` nj Agmlktj Agrkddj, `hhr`l` ulg pjgttgh`rag gmmj`rlgojdk gddg agmmj`r pgrtk nkj tkdkh`lj ckddudgrj, dktt`rj ausjcgdj ` gdtrj njsp`sjtjvj pkrs`lgdj, pkrakttkln` jd mrglnk oklkhjcj` nj p`tkr skmujrk c`stgltkakltk dk jll`vgzj`lj nkd akrcgt` k agltklkrk dg pkrhkttg jltkmrgzj`lk c`l d‚gut`. Jd tutt` gn ul prkzz` gcckssjojdk, jl pjklg sjcurkzzg k lkd rjspktt` nkddk dkmmj suddg cjrc`dgzj`lk. Jd Oduk&Ak å ul a`nud` kdkttr`ljc` jll`vgtjv` cek pkrakttk nj rkmjstrgrk c`l dg vktturg hjl` g ; tkdkh`lj ckddudgrj n`tgtj nj hulzj`lgdjté Odukt``te® cek sj tr`vjl` lkd rgmmj` nj gzj`lk nkd sjstkag (; aktrj cjrcg). Dk a`ngdjté nj jltkrgzj`lk c`l jd sjstkag sj gvvgdm`l` nkd ajcr`h`l` jl pdgh`ljkrg, nkj c`aglnj gd v`dgltk k nkd njspdgy a`l`cr`agtjc` su qugnr` nj o`rn`. Oduk&Ak mgrgltjsck dg agssjag sjcurkzzg k skapdjcjté n‚us`. Jlhgttj, jd sjstkag nj c`agln` v`cgdk, dg sug c`apdktg jltkmrgzj`lk c`l j tgstj gd v`dgltk k c`l dk jlh`ragzj`lj sud njspdgy nkddg struakltgzj`lk c`lsklt`l` gd cdjkltk, n`tgt` nj ul ckddudgrk Odukt``te®, nj utjdjzzgrd` glcek sk å lkddg tgscg nj ulg mjgccg ` jl ulg o`rsg, sklzg agj sp`stgrk dg aglj ngd v`dgltk. Sklzg c`ltgrk cek jd sjstkag nj rjc`l`scjaklt` v`cgdk kv`dut`, c`lskltk ul‚jltkrgttjvjté jaaknjgtg, jl quglt` l`l `cc`rrk gdculg hgsk nj gpprklnjaklt` nkddg v`ck k pkrakttk glcek nj jltkrprktgrk gn gdtg v`ck mdj SAS jl grrjv`. C`ddkmgln` ul njsp`sjtjv` njmjtgdk gddg p`rtg [SO ` G[U-JL, prkskltk su a`ojdktt` tullkd, å p`ssjojdk gsc`dtgrk ausjcg njmjtgdk jl h`ragt` AY3, ]AG, GGC k ]GX, rkmjstrgtg su dktt`rj gunj` njmjtgdj k/` pkllk [SO. ^rgajtk qukst` sjstkag jd cdjkltk njsp`lk jl a`n` khhjcgck kn jltujtjv` nkddk skmukltj hulzj`lj6

 

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[tjdjzz` nkd pr`prj` tkdkh`l` ckddudgrk jl a`ngdjté vjvg-v`ck, sklzg `pkrgrk sud tkdkh`l` stkss`, glcek sk rjaglk jl tgscg `ppurk jl o`rsg o`rsg lkd ogmgmdjgj` (cejgagtg nkj l`ajlgtjvj jl ruorjcg c`l c`agln` v`cgdk c`l rjc`l`scjaklt` jlnjpklnkltk ngdd‚utjdjzzgt`rk)2

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^rgshkrjaklt` nkddg ruorjcg nkd pr`prj` tkdkh`l` sud Oduk&Ak jl vktturg k dktturg nkddg stkssg trgajtk jd njspdgy nkd qugnr` nj o`rn`2

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Jltkrgzj`lk trgajtk j c`aglnj gd v`dgltk c`l jd njspdgy pkr dg mkstj`lk nkj c`ltgttj cejgagtj, cejgagtk jl grrjv`, SAS jl grrjv`, rjhjut` nkddg cejgagtg, rjcejga` nkdd‚udtja` luakr` njmjtgt` kcc.2

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Gsc`dt` nkd pr`prj` grcejvj` ausjcgdk aka`rjzzgt` su pkllg [SO, aknjgpdgykr k udtjag mklkrgzj`lk nj njsp`sjtjvj Gppdk, lkj h`ragtj pjú c`aulj (AY3, ]GX, ]AG, GGC). Dk jlh`ragzj`lj rkdgtjvk gj orglj jl rjpr`nuzj`lk s`l` njsp`ljojdj sud njspdgy nkddg rgnj` nj o`rn`.

— Oduk&Ak Oduk&Ak ^`a^`a? DJXK‑ DJXK‑

Ykr mujngrk jl gss`dutg trglqujddjté lkd trghhjc` cjttgnjl` dg lu`vg Yglng pr`p`lk jd njsp`sjtjv` —Oduk&Ak ^`a^`a? DJXK‑ cek uljsck j vgltgmmj nj ul sjstkag nj jlh`tgjlaklt jltkmrgt` lkddg vktturg k c`llkss` gddg rktk g qukddj nj ul lgvjmgt`rk p`rtgtjdk, spgdglcgln` dk p`rtk gddg c`llkttjvjté. —Oduk&Ak ^`a^`a? DJXK‑ `dtrk g c`lskltjrk gj cdjkltj nj lu`vg Yglng d‚utjdjzz` nkd ckddudgrk k nkd aknjg pdgykr jl t`tgdk sjcurkzzg sklzg stgccgrk dk aglj ngd v`dgltk, `hhrjré ul‚kspkrjklzg nj lgvjmgzj`lk gss`dutgakltk uljcg c`l dg sug p`sjzj`lk jltkmrgtg jl pdglcjg k dk pjú gccurgtk jlh`ragzj`lj sud trghhjc` gmmj`rlgtk jl tkap` rkgdk k hkkn ogcb jl tkap` rkgdk sudd` stjdk nj mujng Dg prknjsp`sjzj`lk pkr tgdk YLN (Y`rtgodk Lgvjmgtj`l Nkvjck) å sjtugtg ckltrgdakltk suddg pdglcjg k c`lskltk n‚jlstgddgrk jl c`apdktg sjcurkzzg jd supp`rt` spkcjhjc`, `dtrk g mgrgltjrk d‚gdjakltgzj`lk nkd lgvjmgt`rk sklzg cgvj kstkrlj. Jl`dtrk ngd pult` nj vjstg nkddg c`llkttjvjté Odukt``te® mrgzjk gd Oduk&Ak dk jlh`ragzj`lj nkd tkdkh`l`, aknjgpdgykr k nkddg vktturg sgrgll` vjsugdjzzgojdj k mkstjojdj ngd t`uce scrkkl nkd lgvjmgt`rk. Jd —Oduk&Ak ^`a^`a? DJXK‑ å gdd‚gvglmugrnjg sk c`apgrgt` gmdj udtjaj njsp`sjtjvj nj lgvjmgzj`lk p`rtgtjdk njsp`ljojdj sud akrcgt`6 •

Njspdgy >.3‑ EN t`ucescrkkl cgpgcjtjv` c`l EAJ tjp` jYe`lk2

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Agppk nkttgmdjgtk6 >; pgksj Kur`pg kstksg2

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Okst r`utk nkhjljtj`l6

c`lskltk dg sckdtg nkd pkrc`rs` ajmdj`rk glgdjzzgln` dk c`lnjzj`lj nj trghhjc`

rgcc`dtk su ogsk stgtjstjcg ?>e. —Oduk&Ak ^`a^`a? DJXK‑ å jl mrgn` nj rjckvkrk j ngtj rkdgtjvj gd vkjc`d`, rjdkvgtj aknjgltk dg c`llkssj`lk c`l dg rktk nj o`rn` k, qujlnj, nj ngrk jlh`ragzj`lj jl tkap` rkgdk cjrcg d‚utjdjzz` nkddg vktturg k nkj njsp`sjtjvj c`llkssj6 hulzj`lgdjté ^rjp c`aputkr, Yultj nj jltkrkssk pkrs`lgdjzzgtj Hjgt, vjsugdjzzgzj`lk nkddg ruorjcg nkd ckddudgrk, Aknjg Ydgykr kn kc`6Nrjvk. —Oduk&Ak ^`a^`a?‑, lkj Ygksj jl cuj jd skrvjzj` å njsp`ljojdk, `hhrk jl`dtrk jl tkap` rkgdk j skrvjzj DJXK prkskltj lkdd‚udtjag mklkrgzj`lk nj lgvjmgt`rj p`rtgtjdj nj ^`a^`a6

 

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Gut`vkd`x6 p`sjzj`lk nkmdj gut`vkd`x a`ojdj, c`aprksk dk rkdgzj`lj nj gdtrj utkltj, gut`vkd`x hjssj k tkdkcgakrk ^ut`r dulm` jd vjgmmj`. Gjutg g rkgdjzzgrk ul'kspkrjklzg nj mujng sjcurg k rjdgssgtg, rjspgrajgln` nklgr`2

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M``mdk6   pultj nj jltkrkssj d`cgdj gmmj`rlgtj ng M``mdk D`cgd Skgrce6 pkr d`cgdjzzgrk qugdsjgsj c`sg, ngj rjst`rgltj gj lkm`zj nj hj`rj. Njmjtgln` ulg qugdsjgsj pgr`dg cejgvk, tr`vg pultj nj c`rrjsp`lnklzg k pkrakttk gd njsp`sjtjv` nj a`strgrk dk jlnjcgzj`lj su c`ak grrjvgrcj2

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Aktk`6  dk prkvjsj`lj nkd tkap` gttugdj k nj cjlquk mj`rlj, rklnkln` c`sä p`ssjojdk khhkttugrk pjglj nj vjgmmj` ogsgtj suddk prkvjsj`lj pjú rkckltj2

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^`a^`a EN ^rghhjc6 nkttgmdjgtk jlh`ragzj`lj nj trghhjc`, c`nk, od`ccej strgngdj k dgv`rj jl c`rs` gmmj`rlgtk `mlj ? ajlutj c`l pr`p`stg nj rk-jlnjrjzzgakltj gdtkrlgtjvj nkd pkrc`rs`. Dk jlh`ragzj`lj sud trghhjc` s`l` rgcc`dtk glcek utjdjzzgln` dk jlh` ngj ckddudgrj k lgvjmgt`rj ^`a^`a prkskltj sud trgmjtt` rjkdgo`rgtj ngddg ckltrgdk nj ^`a^`a2

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C`st`6  Jd njsp`sjtjv` Oduk&Ak ^`a^`a? DJXK‑ vjklk h`rljt` c`l ul gll` nj skrvjzj Djvk mrgtujtj, —

c`aprks` jd r`gajlm k trghhjc` ngtj. Ngd ?¹ gll`, j skrvjzj p`ss`l` ksskrk gcqujsjtj su ^`a^`a E`ak. —Oduk&Ak ^`a^`a?‑ å njsp`ljojdk jl nuk vkrsj`lj (DJXK k L@L-DJXK)6 g skc`lng nkddg njsp`ljojdjté nkd skrvjzj` lkd Ygksk jl cuj vjklk gcqujstgt`. Jd cdjkltk puÿ gcqujstgrk jd njsp`sjtjv` s`d` trgajtk j c`lckssj`lgrj Hjgt nkd su` Ygksk nj rksjnklzg. _jspktt` gdd‚`hhkrtg ghtkr-agrbkt  prkskltk lkddg mrglnk njstrjouzj`lk, dg s`duzj`lk —Oduk&Ak ^`a^`a? DJXK‑ `hhkrtg ng Hjgt prkskltg ul l`tkv`dk vgltgmmj` pkr jd cdjkltk jl gmmjultg gdd‚jltkmrgzj`lk c`l jd sjstkag vjvgv`ck Oduk&Ak k c`l d‚kdkttr`ljcg nkdd‚gut`vktturg. Jlhjlk, å p`ssjojdk gmmj`rlgrk jd —Oduk&Ak ^`a^`a?‑ c`ddkmgln`d` gd YC trgajtk jd cgv` uso k vjsjtgln` dg skzj`lk Ay ^`a^`a nkd sjt` www.t`at`a.c`a. www.t`at`a.c`a . Ykr agmmj`rj gppr`h`lnjakltj sudd‚`hhkrtg nj pr`n`tt` å njsp`ljojdk jd sjt` www.odukglnak.lkt

 

 

^uttg ^utt g JJtgdjglg tgdjglg D` stgojdjaklt` nj Y`ajmdjgl` n‚Grc`

C`ak goojga` vjst` dg lu`vg Hjgt Yglng å ulg vktturg cgrgttkrjzzgtg ng6 gvglzgtj crjtkrj nj hdkssjojdjté nj japjkm` k nj hgcjdjté nj utjdjzz`2 s`duzj`lj k pgrtjc`dgrj curgtj jl a`n` qugsj agljgcgdk pkr quglt` rjmugrng dg qugdjté k d‚ghhjngojdjté2 ulg c`lckzj`lk mklkrgdk cek akttk dg tkcljcg pjú gvglzgtg gd skrvjzj` nkddg c`a`njté k nkdd‚jaaknjgtkzzg n‚us`, `dtrk cek nkddg sjcurkzzg mklkrgdk k nkd agltkljaklt` nkd vgd`rk lkd tkap`. [l pr`mktt` c`sä p`tkvg ksskrk rkgdjzzgt` s`d` ng ulg hgoorjcg gdtrkttglt` kv`dutg k —rjpklsgtg‑ c`l mdj stkssj crjtkrj. Ykr ulg Yglng lu`vg, jls`aag, `cc`rrkvg ulg hgoorjcg lu`vg. Kcc` pkrceê jd a`nkdd` vjklk c`strujt` g Y`ajmdjgl` n‚Grc` prkss` Lgp`dj. [l c`aprkls`rj` jlnustrjgdk c`apdktgakltk rjgttrkzzgt` pkr d‚`ccgsj`lk c`l japjgltj cek, jl pgrtjc`dgrk lkd cgap` nkddg dgstrgturg, nkd a`ltgmmj` k nkd lu`vjssja` Wugdjty Ckltkr, s`l` l`l s`d` j pjú kv`dutj nkdd‚uljvkrs` Hjgt ag glcek trg j pjú gvglzgtj nkd a`ln`. Lkd tkap` rkc`rn nj 7? aksj jd sjt` c`aprkls`rjgdk Mjgaogttjstg Xjc` å stgt` p`rtgt` gdd‚kcckddklzg tkcl`d`mjcg kn `rmgljzzgtjvg, c`l ul jlvkstjaklt` c`apdkssjv` nj 599 ajdj`lj nj kur`, hgtt` sjg suddk agccejlk cek suddk pkrs`lk, pkr dk qugdj s`l` stgtk spksk gn `mmj ?99 ajdg `rk nj h`ragzj`lk. Ngd pult` nj vjstg tkcljc` dg hgoorjcg å stgtg n`tgtg nj japjgltj pr`nuttjvj h`rtkakltk gut`agtjzzgtj, cek mgrgltjsc`l` gddg Lu`vg Yglng kdkvgtj stglngrn qugdjtgtjvj (nj pr`ckss`) k dg rjpktjojdjté nkj rjsudtgtj lkd tkap`. Ykr dk pkrs`lk å stgt` svjduppgt` ul grtjc`dgt` pr`mrgaag nj gsskssaklt  gd hjlk nj akttkrk skaprk dg pkrs`lg mjustg gd p`st` mjust`. S`l` stgtj jl`dtrk rkgdjzzgtj pjglj nj h`ragzj`lk

k nj

gnnkstrgaklt` pkrs`lgdjzzgtj, pkr ajmdj`rgrk jd akstjkrk, jd —sgpkr hgrk‑ . Jd rjsudtgt` nj qukst` pkrc`rs` eg mklkrgt` tkga nj pkrs`lk c`apktkltj, ghhjgtgtj k a`tjvgtj. ^utt` qukst` c`lskltk nj rkgdjzzgrk kdkvgtj djvkddj qugdjtgtjvj nj pr`n`tt`. Cjÿ l`l sgrkook stgt` p`ssjojdk sklzg qugttr` sckdtk h`lngakltgdj. Dg prjag å stgtg qukddg nj hgrk ul jlvkstjaklt` strgtkmjc` nj dulm` rkspjr` g Y`ajmdjgl`, su japjgltj cek `mmj rkgdjzzgl` ul‚gut` nj mrglnj v`duaj nkd skmaklt` G. Dg skc`lng sckdtg cek eg hgtt` dg njhhkrklzg å stgtg qukddg nj gltjcjpgrk dg rjckrcg k dg s`duzj`lk nkj pr`odkaj hgckln` gapj` rjc`rs` gddg sjaudgzj`lk vjrtugdk nkj pr`ckssj pr`nuttjvj k ghhjngln`sj gddg p`ssjojdjté nj pr`mkttgrk dk vgrjk hgsj nj dgv`rgzj`lk gssjkak gd pr`n`tt`. C`sä j tgv`dj k j c`aputkr nkddk pkrs`lk nj _kskgrce & Nkvkd`paklt HMG s`l` stgtj c`dd`cgtj njrkttgakltk jl stgojdjaklt`, g strktt` c`ltgtt` nkj tkcl`d`mj nj djlkg (C`-d`cgtj`l). Dg tkrzg sckdtg å stgtg qukddg nj gvvjgrk ul pr`mrgaag nj rktk nknjcgt` g lu`vg Yglng pkr gssjcurgrk dg agssjag c`apktjtjvjté jl tkrajlj nj jll`vgzj`lk, `rmgljzzgzj`lk pr`nuttjvg, hdkssjojdjté, cek prkvknk dg c`ddgo`rgzj`lk trg Hjgt Mr`up Gut`a`ojdks k Hgoorjcg Jtgdjg Y`ajmdjgl`, s`cjkté jlsknjgtgsj g Y`ajmdjgl` c`l jd c`apjt` nj hgoorjcgrk dk lu`vk vktturk Yglng k c`lskmlgrdk g HMG cek pr`vvknkré gddg d`r` c`aakrcjgdjzzgzj`lk k gdd‚gssjstklzg p`st-vklnjtg gddg cdjkltkdg.

 

Dg qugrtg cgrtg vjlckltk mj`cgtg g Y`ajmdjgl`, l`l akl` jap`rtgltk nkddk gdtrk, å stgtg jd c`rgmmj` nj crknkrk lkddk p`tklzjgdjté nkddk pkrs`lk, gttrgvkrs` jd c`jlv`dmjaklt` nkddg mkltk nj hgoorjcg lkddg hgsk nj jlnustrjgdjzzgzj`lk jlnustrjgdjzzgzj `lk pkr dg akssg g pult` k nkhjljzj`lk hjlgdk nkj cjcdj pr`nuttjvj, nkddk p`stgzj`lj nj dgv`r` k nkddg lu`vg `rmgljzzgzj`lk. Nkcjsj`lk cek eg mklkrgt` mrglnk kltusjgsa` lkj dgv`rgt`rj, dg cuj rjsp`stg sj å c`lcrktjzzgtg jl cjrcg 5.;99 summkrjakltj nkstjlgtj g ajmdj`rgrk dk p`stgzj`lj nj dgv`r` (k jd pr`ckss`), dg sjcurkzzg, d‚krm`l`ajg, dg qugdjté nkd pr`n`tt` gttrgvkrs` s`duzj`lj gttk g prkvkljrk mdj krr`rj. G rkmjak, j v`duaj pr`nuttjvj nkddg lu`vg Yglng n`vrkookr` gttkstgrsj jlt`rl` gddk ?89 ajdg uljté d‚gll`. Dg tkcl`d`mjg

Gdculk nkddk dgv`rgzj`lj pjú jll`vgtjvk nkd pr`ckss` pr`nuttjv` nkddg lu`vg Y Yglng glng gvvklm`l` jl Dgstrgturg, ul rkpgrt` gut`agtjzzgt` gd :: pkr cklt`, n`vk `pkrgl` pjú nj 899 r`o`t. ^rg mdj japjgltj pjú gvglzgtj c‚å, pkr kskapj`, jd sjstkag nj sgdngturg nkddg sc`ccg c`ap`st` ng 59 r`o`t C`agu —g p`ds` cgv`‑ nj udtjag mklkrgzj`lk cek ngll` c`apdkssjvgakltk ;?9 pultj nj sgdngturg jl s`dj 39 ajlutj. Gj dgtj nkddg djlkg nj pr`nuzj`lk nkddg sc`ccg cj s`l` dk nuk djlkk nj pr`nuzj`lk nkddk hjglcgtk cek hgll` gssuakrk gd sjstkag dg h`rag nj ulg hgrhgddg, jd cek eg p`rtgt` g rjogttkzzgrk jd sjstkag —outtkrhdy‑. ^gdk djlkg å c`stjtujtg ng a`nudj cek, c`ak j agtt`lcjlj Dkm`, sj p`ss`l` t`mdjkrk ` gmmjulmkrk g skc`lng nkddk ksjmklzk pr`nuttjvk, pkr c`strujrk c`ltkap`rglkgakltk hjl` g qugttr` a`nkddj, glcek nj skmakltj njvkrsj. Sk lkd mrupp` Hjgt-Cerysdkr dk s`hjstjcgtk —hgrhgddk akccgljcek‑ s`l` gppklg trk, d‚japjglt` pkr jd a`ltgmmj` gut`agtjc` nkddk pgrtj a`ojdj suddg sc`ccg pr`n`ttg å, pkr `rg, uljc`. Jl qukstg p`stgzj`lk j r`o`t hjssgl` gddg sc`ccg, `ragj gsskaodgtg ng —outtkrhdy‑, dk p`rtk, jd c`hgl`, jd p`rtkdd`lk nkd ogmgmdjgj` kn j pgrghglmej (dk c`sjnnkttk pgrtj a`ojdj) k d` hgll` sklzg jltkrvklt` uagl`. Jd akrjt` å nkddk tkdkcgakrk hjssgtk gn `mlj r`o`t, cek —dkmm`l`‑ dk njaklsj`lj nkd vgl` cek egll` ngvgltj, dk c`lhr`ltgl` c`l qukddk nkddg pgrtk a`ojdk ng gppdjcgrk k, hgckln` ulg aknjg agtkagtjcg, ckltrgl` qukst‚udtjag lkddg sug sknk c`l ulg prkcjsj`lk jap`ssjojdk pkr d‚u`a`. Wukstk nuk stgzj`lj s`l` dk pultk nj njgagltk tkcl`d`mjcek nj ulg djlkg nj hkrrgturg gvglzgtjssjag kn kstrkagakltk hdkssjojdk. Gapj, duajl`sj, pudjtj6 g Y`ajmdjgl` j d`cgdj nkddg Dgstrgturg s`l` quglt` nj pjú d`ltgl` sj p`ssg jaagmjlgrk ng ul‚`hhjcjlg trgnjzj`lgdk n`vk vklm`l` stgapgtk k sgdngtk nkddk dgajkrk. Jl qukstg lu`vg `hhjcjlg d‚u`a` l`l hgtjcg pjú g cgrjcgrk, g rkmmkrk dk sgdngtrjcj, g a`vjakltgrk j pksgltj c`ap`lkltj6 d‚`pkrgj` å c`lnutt`rk nj japjgltj, mkst`rk k c`ltr`dd`rk nkd dgv`r` nkddk agccejlk. Dk sc`ccek s`l` sp`stgtk ng ulg pgrtk gdd‚gdtrg nkd cgpgll`lk pkr akzz` nj sjstkaj nj trgsp`rt` gkrkj, cek rjnuc`l` gd ajlja` sjg d‚jltkrvklt` uagl`, k qujlnj dg p`ssjojdjté nj ngllkmmjgaklt`, sjg jd rua`rk prkskltk jl `hhjcjlg. Akltrk g tkrrg dg a`vjakltgzj`lk nkj pkzzj å ghhjngtg g pjcc`dk trgn`ttk kdkttrjcek, sjcurk k sjdklzj`sk, cek egll` s`stjtujt` j trgnjzj`lgdj cgrrkddj kdkvgt`rj g h`rc`dk.

 

J pgddkts, cek ul tkap` krgl` skapdjcj pjgttgh`rak suddk qugdj sj gpp`mmjgvgl` dk sc`ccek pkr trgshkrjrdk dulm` dg djlkg, s`l` njvkltgtj mk`pgddkt ` —pgddkt nj mk`aktrjg‑. Xklm`l`, jlhgttj, utjdjzzgtj pkr od`ccgrk dg sc`ccg su gpp`sjtj rjhkrjakltj mk`aktrjcj, jl a`n` cek nurgltk mdj sp`stgakltj qukstg agltklmg pkrhkttgakltk mdj gcc`ppjgakltj nkddk suk pgrtj. Dulm` jd pkrc`rs`

stgzj`lj nj c`ltr`dd`

`pt`kdkttr`ljc` dkmm`l` cgrgttkrjstjcek cejgvk nkddg sc`ccg pkr vkrjhjcgrlk dg c`lh`rajté qugdjtgtjvg k dg prkcjsj`lk mk`aktrjcg. Dg qugdjté

Ykr c`strujrk ul‚gut`a`ojdk nj qugdjté `cc`rrk, `vvjgakltk, p`ssknkrk ul —bl`w-e`w‑ nj prja‚`rnjlk k ulg tkcl`d`mjg gvglzgtg. Ag `dtrk g —sgpkr hgrk‑ ojs`mlg glcek —sgpkr hgrk oklk dg prjag v`dtg‑, l`l ngrk agj luddg pkr sc`ltgt` k rjc`rngrk cek dg qugdjté nkd pr`n`tt` hjljt` å hgttg ngddg qugdjté nkddk suk pgrtj, `dtrk cek ngddg prkcjsj`lk nkdd‚gsskaodgmmj` k nkj a`ltgmmj. Ng quj dk sckdtk nj pultgrk a`dtjssja` suddg h`ragzj`lk nkddk pkrs`lk, k nj rkgdjzzgrk jl pr`prj`, gdd‚jltkrl` nkdd` stgojdjaklt`, gdculj c`ap`lkltj jap`rtgltj, prjag ghhjngtj gddg hjdjkrg nkj h`rljt`rj. D‚jltkrlgdjzzgzj`lk nj c`ap`lkltj eg rjmugrngt` jl prja` du`m` d` stgapgmmj` nj njvkrsk pgrtj jl dgajkrg, cek gvvjklk jl ul rkpgrt` n`vk njkcj djlkk nj jaoutjturg k trk nj tgmdj`, c`l d‚utjdjzz` nj 3== stgapj, trgsh`ragl` j h`mdj nj dgajkrg lkj pgrtjc`dgrj c`apdkssj (hjglcgtk, p`rtk, pgnjmdj`lj, pjglgdj kccktkrg) cek c`stjtujsc`l` dg agmmj`r pgrtk nkj dgajkrgtj nkddg lu`vg Yglng. Skmukln` d` stkss` prjlcjpj` nj pr`nuzj`lk jltkrlg nj c`ap`lkltj h`lngakltgdj pkr dg qugdjté nkd pr`n`tt`, d` stgojdjaklt` sj å n`tgt` nj ulg [ljté Stgapgmmj` Ydgstjcg jltkrlg, cek å dg pjú mrglnk prkskltk jl Hjgt. Dä, pgrtkln` ngj mrgludj nj p`djpr`pjdklk husj k jljkttgtj gn gdtg prkssj`lk lkmdj stgapj, sj rkgdjzzgl` c`l d‚japjkm` nj 3; prkssk a`nkrljssjak, pjú nj ul ckltjlgj` nj pgrtjc`dgrj. ^rg qukstj spjccgl` j pgrgurtj (cek vklm`l` glcek vkrljcjgtj jl ul lu`vjssja` japjglt`), dg c`ls`dk ckltrgdk nj lu`vg Yglng k dg pdglcjg. Wukst‚udtjag, jl pgrtjc`dgrk, å pr`n`ttg ng ul‚uljcg agccejlg, n`tgtg nj ul sjstkag g trjpdg jljkzj`lk cek h`rag prjag dg pgrtk kstkrlg lkrg k p`j qukddg ckltrgdk jl ul` nkj qugttr` c`d`rj njsp`ljojdj. Sj å mjé pgrdgt` nkdd‚kdkvgtg qugdjté nj pr`ckss` k rjpktjtjvjté nkd rjsudtgt` nkddk dgv`rgzj`lj, mgrgltjt` ngddk lu`vk djlkk nj Dgstrgturg. L`l ng akl` å jd pr`ckss` nj vkrljcjgturg, cek gvvjklk su ul japjglt` gdtgakltk gut`agtjzzgt` cek japjkmg vkrljcj gdd‚gcqug. Jl Xkrljcjgturg s`l` stgtj jlvkstjtj, jl qukstj aksj, 7; ajdj`lj nj kur` pkr lu`vj sjstkaj nj trgsp`rt` nkddk sc`ccek k pkr kdjajlgrk dk njsgmkv`dj `pkrgzj`lj aglugdj nj sjmjddgturg jltkrlg (trg dgajkrg k dgajkrg) `rg ghhjngtk g r`o`t. J rjsudtgtj `ttklutj ngd pr`ckss` nkscrjtt` vklm`l` glc`rg vkrjhjcgtj ngmdj spkcjgdjstj nkd Wugdjty Ckltkr nkdd‚[ljté Aktr`d`mjcg cek, g cgapj`lk ` su rjcejkstg (jl cgs` nj gl`agdjk), ajsurgl` k glgdjzzgl` j pkzzj k d‚jltkrg vktturg pkr mgrgltjrk sjg dg qugdjté kstktjcg sjg qukddg hulzj`lgdk nkd pr`n`tt`. Jl hgtt` nj gttrkzzgturk jd d`r` mj`jkdd` å jd —akjstkro`cb‑ ulg s`rtg nj —akccgl`‑ su cuj sj p`sjzj`lgl` j vgrj dgajkrgtj nkddg sc`ccg k n`vk ulg agccejlg nj ajsurg, dulmg 75 aktrj, pkrakttk nj vkrjhjcgrk, gttrgvkrs` tgstgt`rj kdkttr`ljcj, ?.999 pultj nkddg sc`ccg, mgrgltkln` cek tuttj mdj gcc`ppjgakltj nkj pkzzj, j mj`cej, j pr`hjdj, dk njaklsj`lj mk`aktrjcek k dk rkdgtjvk t`ddkrglzk c`rrjsp`lngl` gd pr`mktt`.

 

Lkddg sgdg Aktr`d`mjcg gccglt` gd —akjstkro`cb‑ spjccg jd Agstkr nj A`ltgojdjté, n`vk sj kskmu`l` dk pr`vk nj gcc`ppjgaklt` gddg sc`ccg (k trg d`r`) nkj pgrtjc`dgrj c`l j qugdj dg Lu`vg Yglng vjklk —vkstjtg‑ gd A`ltgmmj`. Jd ckltr` å n`tgt` jl`dtrk nj ul jll`vgtjv` sjstkag nj scglsj`lk h`t`aktrjcg

cek utjdjzzgt` jl

agljkrg kstklsjvg pkr dg lu`vg Yglng, pkrakttk nj vgdutgrk rgpjngakltk k c`l dg agssjag prkcjsj`lk mdj kvkltugdj pr`odkaj njaklsj`lgdj. Akttkln` g c`lhr`lt` dg h`t`mrghjg nkd pkzz` jl ksgak c`l qukddg nkd agstkr nj rjhkrjaklt`, jd pr`mrgaag kvjnklzjg jaaknjgtgakltk sud c`aputkr, c`l grkk nj njvkrs` c`d`rk, j pultj nkmdj kvkltugdj sc`stgakltj ngd pkzz` pkrhktt` k jd d`r` vgd`rk (c`ak gdt`rjdjkv` ` ogss`rjdjkv` nkddg dgajkrg). [l‚gdtrg pjcc`dg rjv`duzj`lk, sk sj pklsg gj trgnjzj`lgdj c`ltr`ddj ngj qugdj kakrmkvg ulg agppg nj pultj cek n`vkvgl` p`j ksskrk jltkrprktgtj kn kdgo`rgtj ngmdj spkcjgdjstj c`l tkapj k prkcjsj`lk t`tgdakltk njvkrsj. @vvjgakltk dg lu`vg Yglng vjklk s`tt`p`stg glcek g tuttk dk lkckssgrjk vkrjhjcek hulzj`lgdj6 dg pr`vg jl cgakrg skajglkc`jcg pkr dg vkrjhjcg nkddg rua`r`sjté stgtjcg (qukddg pr`n`ttg ngd a`vjaklt` nkj hjlkstrjlj, ngdd‚gpkrturg k cejusurg nkddk p`rtk, ngdd` sc`rrjaklt` nkj sknjdj suddk mujnk kccktkrg), jd tkst nj tklutg gdd‚gcqug, vkrjhjcgtg s`tt` ulg pkrm`dg

g l`vk p`sjzj`lj, n`vk dg vktturg gssuak

njvkrsk

jlcdjlgzj`lj k jd tkst njlgajc` jl pjstg (su gshgdt`, stkrrgt`, ogmlgt` kccktkrg) cuj s`l` s`tt`p`stk tuttk dk lu`vk Yglng rkgdjzzgtk g Y`ajmdjgl`. Xj s`l` glcek vkrjhjcek jl cuj ― d‚u`a` nkvk hgrk dk suk vgdutgzj`lj sklzg gusjdj` nj gppgrkccejgturk s`hjstjcgtk, s`l` dk vkrjhjcek kstktjcek cejgagtk JCY (Jljtjgd Cust`akr Ykrckptj`l) k hulzj`lgdj cejgagtk ^@C (^kst jl `ttjcg cdjkltk), jl cuj jd c`ddgungt`rk sjaudg jd cdjkltk lkj prjaj c`ltgttj c`l dg sug lu`vg vktturg sjg prkss` dg se`wr``a nkd c`lckssj`lgrj` sjg lkj prjaj aksj nj utjdjzz`. Dk pkrs`lk

Ngd pult` nj vjstg nkddg tkcl`d`mjg, nkdd‚gut`agzj`lk k nkddg hdkssjojdjté pr`nuttjvg, jd sjt` nj Y`ajmdjgl` å, `mmj, d` stgojdjaklt` pjú gvglzgt` nj Hjgt. Ag l`l ogstg. Å glcek qukdd` jl cuj dk pkrs`lk cek vj dgv`rgl` egll` goorgccjgt` c`l agmmj`r sdglcj` jd prjlcjpj` —l`j sjga` qukdd` cek hgccjga`‑, c`lvjltk, cek jd rjm`rk, dg pkrskvkrglzg k dg nktkrajlgzj`lk lkd hgr oklk dg prjag v`dtg k tuttj j mj`rlj sjg d‚uljc` a`n` pkr vjlckrk qukstg lu`vg jap`rtgltk shjng. Jl vkrjté, pkr Y`ajmdjgl`, —dg sv`dtg‑ grrjvg ng d`ltgl`, ng qukd —Yjgl` strg`rnjlgrj` pkr jd rjdglcj` jlnustrjgdk‑ cek lkd ?995 p`rtÿ gddg hkragtg pr`nuttjvg nj nuk aksj k gn ul jlvkstjaklt` c`apdkssjv` nj 779 ajdj`lj nj kur` nkstjlgtj gdd‚gaa`nkrlgaklt` nkmdj japjgltj k gdd‚kr`mgzj`lk nj ul ajdj`lk nj `rk nj h`ragzj`lk. Mjé gdd`rg dk pkrs`lk nkdd` stgojdjaklt` gcckttgr`l` nj akttkrsj jl mj`c`, ghhr`ltgln` ulg mrglnk rj`rmgljzzgzj`lk k ulg rkvjsj`lk nkj a`nj nj dgv`r` cek eg crkgt` j prksupp`stj pkr d‚gsskmlgzj`lk nkddg lu`vg Yglng gdd` stgojdjaklt` cgapgl`. Yrksupp`stj suj qugdj, lkdd‚udtja` gll`, s`l` stgtk c`stjtujtk dk c`lnjzj`lj vkrk k pr`prjk pkr p`tkr rkgdjzzgrk jd a`nkdd` c`l mdj stglngrn nj qugdjté k dg c`stglzg nj pkrh`raglck v`dutj pkr dg lu`vg vktturg.

 

Jl 7? aksj, akltrk dg Dgstrgturg rjlgsckvg ng zkr`, dg Xkrljcjgturg, mjé gaa`nkrlgtg lkd ?995, gn`ttgvg dk ajmdj`rjk rksk njsp`ljojdj lkmdj udtjaj gllj,sj h`ragvg jd _kpgrt` Stgapgmmj` Ydgstjcg k jd A`ltgmmj` vkljvg rjpklsgt` c`apdktgakltk gppdjcgln` jl tuttk dk [ljté mdj stglngrn nkd ]`rdn Cdgss Agluhgcturjlm. Sj å gppdjcgt` c`sä ul a`n` lu`v` nj hgrk hgoorjcg, sj s`l` c`jlv`dtk dk pkrs`lk hjl ngddg hgsk nj pr`mkttgzj`lk nkddk p`stgzj`lj nj dgv`r` k nkddk skquklzk nkddk `pkrgzj`lj k sj å jll`vgtg d‚`rmgljzzgzj`lk. C`ak gcckllgt`, jd hjd` c`lnutt`rk nj qukstg qukstg gttjvjté s`l` stgtj j prjlcjpj k j akt`nj nkd ]`rdn Cdgss Agluhgcturjlm, jd lu`v` a`n` nj dgv`rgrk gn`ttgt` ng tuttj mdj stgojdjakltj Hjgt pkr rgmmjulmkrk zkr` jlcjnkltj, zkr` njhkttj, zkr` st`cb, k zkr` mugstj. Ykr hgrk qukst` sj s`l` rgnulgtk dk pkrs`lk jl ulg s`dg grkg nj sjaudgzj`lk cejgagtg ]`rb Ydgck Jltkmrgtj`l, n`vk s`l` stgtk rjc`strujtk vjrtugdakltk dk djlkk nj a`ltgmmj`, sc`ap`lkln`dk jl stgzj`lj k skquklzk nj `pkrgzj`lj, hjl` g cek dk stkssk pkrs`lk nkstjlgtk g qukd rkpgrt` l`l egll` tr`vgt`, pkr `mlj gttjvjté, dk ajmdj`rj s`duzj`lj. S`d` gdd`rg sj å c`ajlcjgt` g c`strujrk hjsjcgakltk dg djlkg nkhjljtjvg. Mdj uhhjcj s`l` stgtj uojcgtj lkd okd akzz` nkddk djlkk, jl mrglnj grkk vktrgtk, pkr ksskrk vjcjlj gd pr`n`tt` k g cej d` c`strujsck. ^uttk dk p`stgzj`lj nj a`ltgmmj` s`l` stgtk rjnkhjljtk, cjrc`scrjvkln` ul‚grkg jnkgdk n`vk d` sp`stgaklt` agssja` nj `mlj `pkrgj` å nj cjrcg 89 ckltjaktrj. J agtkrjgdj, jlhgttj, s`l` tuttj g p`rtgtg nj agl` k l`l `cc`rrk cejlgrsj ` gdzgrk dk orgccjg pkrceê qugln` skrvk å dg vktturg g s`ddkvgrsj ` g ru`tgrk suj mglcj pkr `hhrjrk gn `mlj `pkrgzj`lk jd dgt` mjust` gdd‚gdtkzzg mjustg6 jl mkrm` tkcljc` sjmljhjcg cek dk pkrs`lk dgv`rgl` jl —m`dnkl z`lk‑ . Ykr mgrgltjrk dg agssjag qugdjté nkd pr`n`tt`, jlhjlk, s`l` lgtj glcek lu`vj akt`nj nj vkrjhjcg, c`ak jd —n`uodk-cekcb‑, `vvkr` ul skc`ln` c`ltr`dd` kskmujt` ng ul gdtr` `pkrgj` g vgddk nkddk `pkrgzj`lj pjú crjtjcek. Jl qukst` a`n`, d‚gnnktt` cek eg sogmdjgt` ul‚`pkrgzj`lk sj gcc`rmk jaaknjgtgakltk nkdd‚krr`rk, rjs`dvk jl prjag pkrs`lg jd pr`odkag k ajmdj`rg dg pr`prjg c`apktklzg gttrgvkrs` ul sjstkag nj gut`gpprklnjaklt`. Skaprk pkr hgv`rjrk dg prkvklzj`lk nkj pr`odkaj å lgtg glcek ulg lu`vg `rmgljzzgzj`lk, jl cuj mdj `pkrgj s`l` njvjsj jl mruppj (tkga) nj skj pkrs`lk (prjag krgl` 7?) ghhjgtgtk glcek uaglgakltk. @mlj mrupp` å mujngt` ng ul tkga dkgnkr, jd cuj c`apjt` å qukdd` nj mgrgltjrk ulg supkrvjsj`lk qugdjtgtjvg nkd pr`ckss`. [l supkrvjs`r c``rnjlg skttk ` `tt` tkga dkgnkr, k mkstjsck dg qugdjté, j c`stj nkd su` sktt`rk kn å rksp`lsgojdk nkdd‚jltkmrgzj`lk c`l dk njvkrsk hulzj`lj cek jlhdujsc`l` sud pr`ckss` pr`nuttjv`. D‚gaojkltk

[l` nkj pjdgstrj nkd ]`rdn Cdgss Agluhgcturjlm å d‚Klvjr`laklt cek rjmugrng d‚gppdjcgzj`lk nj akt`nj k struakltj cek c`lskltgl` jd rjspktt` nkdd‚gaojkltk. Ykr dg rkgdjzzgzj`lk nkddg lu`vg Yglng tuttj j pr`ckssj s`l` stgtj pr`mkttgtj k rkgdjzzgtj skc`ln` prjlcjpj cek c`lsklt`l` jd rgmmjulmjaklt` nkj pjú strjlmkltj pgrgaktrj gaojkltgdj.

 

Gn kskapj` jl Xkrljcjgturg, l`l s`d` tuttk dk tjltk s`l` gdd‚gcqug, ag j c`d`rj pgstkdd` egll` ulg pgrtjc`dgrk h`raudgzj`lk cek c`lskltk nj shruttgrk akmdj` dk c`ppk kdkttr`stgtjcek nj spruzzgturg, rjnuckln` c`sä mdj sprkcej k j djqujnj ng sagdtjrk. Jl Dgstrgturg k gd A`ltgmmj` s`l` stgtj gppdjcgtj njvkrsj sjstkaj a`dt` gvglzgtj pkr jd rjspgraj` klkrmktjc`6 gn kskapj` dk dgapgnk g dkn cek rjnuc`l` nkd :9 pkr cklt` d‚klkrmjg c`lsuagtg k j njsp`sjtjvj cek, trgajtk h`t`ckddudk, spklm`l` n`p` p`cej ajlutj dk ducj lkddk grkk n`vk l`l cj s`l` pjú pkrs`lk. Ykr rjnurrk j rjhjutj, jlhjlk, s`l` stgtj nrgstjcgakltk njajlujtj mdj jaogddj a`l`us`, s`stjtukln`dj c`l gdtrj rjutjdjzzgojdj, c`lskltkln` jd rgmmjulmjaklt` nj pkrckltugdj nj rjcjcd` nkd :; pkr cklt`.

 

Mgaa Mg aag g (akrcgt` Jtgdjg) Gd dglcj`, jd lu`v` a`nkdd` å njsp`ljdk c`l trgzj`lk gltkrj`rk - succkssjvgakltk nkouttkré dg Yglng >x> - k `hhrk ulg mgaag c`ap`stg ng6 3 a`t`rj (jl Jtgdjg l`l å c`aakrcjgdjzzgt` jd ^wjlGjr gspjrgt` ng 8; CX), 3 gddkstjakltj (Y`p, Kgsy k D`ulmk), 79 c`d`rj nj cgrr`zzkrjg, : gaojkltj jltkrlj, ? c`ppk c`prjru`tg k ? ckrcej jl dkmg ng 7> k 7; p`ddjcj pkr ul t`tgdk nj `dtrk 899 c`aojlgzj`lj. G mgrglzjg nkddg sjcurkzzg nkmdj `ccupgltj, jd lu`v` a`nkdd` pr`p`lk nj skrjk > gjrogm (gltkrj`rj k g tklnjlg pr`tkzj`lk tkstg), GOS c`apdkt` nj O.G.S. (Orgbk Gssjst Systka), cjlturk nj sjcurkzzg gltkrj`rj c`l prktklsj`lgt`rk k djajtgt`rk nj cgrjc`, gttgccej Js`hjx pkr skmmj`djlj ojaoj, p`mmjgtkstg gltkrj`rj "gltjwejpdgse‑, p`mmjgtkstg p`stkrj`rj k pr`jktt`rj gltkrj`rj c`l hulzj`lk —duck njurlg‑ (Ngytjak _ulljlm Djmets). Jl`dtrk, jd lu`v` a`nkdd` `hhrk njsp`sjtjvj kscdusjvj lkddg cgtkm`rjg6 ngd lu`vjssja` "Oduk&Ak^`a^`a DJXK" gd tktt` kdkttrjc` trgspgrkltk —Sbyn`ak‑ nj mrglnj njaklsj`lj, ngdd‚japjglt` Ej-Hj c`apdkt` nj dktt`rk CN/AY3 gd skrv`stkrz` kdkttrjc` Nugdnrjvk c`l hulzj`lk —Cjty‑ nj skrjk, hjl` gdd` —Sagrt hukd systka‑. Succkssjvgakltk gd dglcj` sgrgll` njsp`ljojdj d‚jll`vgtjv` sjstkag DSCA k dg trgsajssj`lk gut`agtjcg r`o`tjzzgtg Nugd`mjc jl goojlgaklt` gddg a`t`rjzzgzj`lk ^wjlGjr. ^gltk vkrsj`lj rjccek nj c`ltklut`, qujlnj, cek pkraktt`l` gn `mlj cdjkltk nj sckmdjkrk dg pr`prjg Yglng su ajsurg k nj gmmjulmkrk p`j ul udtkrj`rk trgtt` njstjltjv` k pkrs`lgdk, sckmdjkln` lkd dulm` kdklc` nkmdj `ptj`lgd, nkj pgccekttj k nkmdj grtjc`dj nkddg Djlkgcckss`rj. Wukstk cgrgttkrjstjcek hgll` nj lu`vg Yglng ulg —mrglnk‑ vktturg cek, trg d‚gdtr`, eg ul gdtjssja` c`ltr`vgd`rk mrgzjk gddg c`aojlgzj`lk nj c`ltklutj kdkvgtj k c`stj nj kskrcjzj` rjn`ttj.

 

N`tgzj`lj N`tgz j`lj nj skrjk k `ptj` lgd (akrcgt` Jtgdjg)  GDDKS^JAKL^@  GD DKS^JAKL^@

Y@Y

KGSZ

D@[LMK

GOS + KON

S

S

S

KSC + GS_ + EJDD E@DNK_

@

@

@

Gjrogm hr`ltgdj (mujngt`rk k pgsskmmkr`)

S

S

S

Gjrogm dgtkrgdj pr`tkzj`lk tkstg

S

S

S

Gjrogm gltkrj`rj dgtkrgdj

@

@

@

Gpp`mmjgtkstg p`stkrj`rj

@

S

S

Hklnjlkoojg

@

@

S

Hjx&M` - Bjt m`lhjgmmj` rjpgrgzj`lk plkuagtjcj

S

S

S

_u`tjl` nj sc`rtg

@

@

@

D`w spkkn c`ddjsj`l ajtjmgtj`l (DSCA) (*) 

LN

@

@

Yrknjsp`sjzj`lk rgnj` ( > gdt`pgrdgltj + gltkllg )

S

LN

LN

Yrknjsp`sjzj`lk rgnj` ( 8 gdt`pgrdgltj + gltkllg )

LN

LN

LN

_gnj` c`l dktt`rk cn ap3 (> gdt`pgrdgltj )

@

LN

LN

_gnj` c`l dktt`rk cn ap3 (8 gdt`pgrdgltj )

LN

S

S

OD[K & AK c`l C`aglnj rgnj` 79 tgstj gd v`dgltk

@

@

@

Ay p`rt

@

@

@

X`dgltk rkm`dgojdk jl gdtkzzg

S

S

S

Skrv`mujng kdkttrjcg

S

S

S

SJC[_KVVG

 G[NJ@ K ^KDKAG^JCG

C@AH@_^ K H[LVJ@LGDJ^G‚

 

St`p&Stgrt (l`l njsp`ljojdk pkr a`t`rjzzgzj`lk 7.? HJ_K)

S

S

S

LN

@

@

@

@

@

LN

@

@

Ygltjlg dgt` mujng c`l spkccej`

S

S

S

Ygltjlg dgt` pgsskmmkr` c`l spkccej`

@

@

S

Yrksg nj c`rrkltk 7?X

S

S

S

Bjt C`ah`rt (Agljmdjk gppjmdj` p`stkrj`rk, Y`rtg`ccejgdj dgt` mujng, Cjlturk nj sjcurkzzg gltkrj`rj rkm`dgojdj jl gdtkzzg)

@

@

@

Cdjagtjzzgt`rk gut`agtjc` a`l`z`lg c`l hjdtr` gltjp`ddjlk

LN

@

@

Cdjagtjzzgt`rk aglugdk c`l hjdtr` gltjp`ddjlk

@

@

S

Sknjdj gltkrj`rj rjscgdngtj (*) 

LN

LN

LN

Sknjdk pgsskmmkr` googttjojdk g tgv`djl`

LN

@

@

Sknjdk p`stkrj`rk Hjx&H`dn ; p`stj (`a`d`mgzj`lk ; p`stj)

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

@

LN

@

@

LN

LN

LN

@

@

@

Sknjdk mujng rkm`dgojdk jl gdtkzzg

@

@

S

Bjt huagt`rj

@

@

@

Ygrgorkzzg ^krajc`

LN

@

@

LN

@

S

Cgaoj` r`o`ttjzzgt` (N[GD@MJC) (njsp`ljojdk s`d` pkr a`t`rjzzgzj`lk ^wjlGjr 5;Cv) Spkccej rktr`vjs`rj kstkrlj c`l c`agln` kdkttrjc` k njsgppgllgaklt` Skls`rk nj pgrcekmmj`

Sknjdk p`stkrj`rk Hjx&H`dn ; p`stj Sn`ppjgt` >9/89 (`a`d`mgzj`lk ; p`stj) Sknjdk p`stkrj`rk Hjx&H`dn > p`stj Sn`ppjgt` ;9/;9 Sc`rrkv`dk (*)  Cgrm` o`x _jscgdngt`rk Gnnjzj`lgdk Y^C (LN pkr a`t`rjzzgzj`lk 7,? HJ_K) Skls`rk tkapkrgturg kstkrlg (nj skrjk pkr a`t`rjzzgzj`lk ^wjlGjr 5;Cv)

DJLKG K S^JDK

Cgd`ttg spkccej` rktr`vjs`rk jl tjltg vktturg

 

Agljmdjk p`rtk kstkrlk vkrljcjgtk

LN

@

S

Hgsck pgrgc`dpj dgtkrgdj

@

@

S

Ogrrk d`lmjtunjlgdj pkr p`rtgpgccej

@

S

S

^ktt` gprjojdk kdkttrjc`

LN

@

@

Crjstgddj prjvgcy

@

@

@

LN

@

@

LN

@

@

LN

@

@

LN

LN

@

YGCB S@[LN6 _gnj` CN/Ap3, Oduk&Ak k c`aglnj gd v`dgltk

LN

LN

LN

YGCB SGHK^Z (*)6 D`w Spkkn C`ddjsj`l Ajtjmgtj`l systka KSC + GS_ + EJDD E@DNK_

LN

@

@

YGCB HDKU > Y@S^J (*) 6 Sknjdk pgsskmmkr` googttjojdk g tgv`djl`, Sknjdk sc`rrkv`dk sn`ppjgt` ;9/;9, Sknjdk rkm`dgojdk jl gdtkzzg, _ktj trgttkljaklt` `mmkttj lkd ogmgmdjgj`, Bjt huagt`rj k Bjt c`ah`rt

LN

@

@

YGCB HDKU ; Y@S^J6 Sknjdk pgss. googttjojdk g tgv`djl`, Sknjdk p`stkrj`rk sn`ppjgt` 89/>9, @a`d`mgzj`lk ; p`stj Sknjdk rkm`dgojdk jl gdtkzzg, Cgrm` o`x, bjt huagt`rj k Bjt c`ah`rt

LN

@

@

_u`tg jl dkmg 7>" 7=;/8; _> Cgtklgojdj _u`tg jl dkmg 7;" 75;/;; _7; L`l cgtklgojdj. X`dgltk k p`akdd` cgaoj` jl pkddk YGCB

YGCB CDJAG6Cdjagtjzzgt`rk gut`agtjc`, pgrgorkzzg tkrajc` k spkccej kstkrlj kdkttrjcj k rjscgdngtj

S1 skrjk @ 1 `ptj `lgd LN 1 l`l njsp`ljojdk * 1 c`aakrcjgdjzzgt` succkssjvgakltk gd dglcj`

 

Sceknk tkcljcek Y`p / Kgsy Kgsy / D`u lmk

7.? 5v 8: CX

7.3 Audtj Audtj fkt =; CX St`p St`p &Stgrt

9.: 5; CX CX ^wjlgjr St`p&Stgrt

9.: 8; CX ^wjlgjr St`p&Stgrt

L¹ cjdjlnrj, njsp`sjzj`lk

>D

>D

?D

?D

Njgaktr` x c`rsg (aa)

=9,5 x =5,:

8:,8 x 5?

59,; x 58

53,;x55,9

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77,7 ;7 (8:) g ;;99 mjrj/ajl 79? g 3999 mjrj/ajl Cjlmejg

78,5 ;; (=;) g >999 mjrj/ajl 7:9 g 7;99 mjrj/ajl Cgtklg

79 83 (5;) g ;;99 mjrj/ajl 7>; g 7:99 mjrj/ajl Cgtklg

77,? 8; (>5) g 8?;9 mjrj/ajl

OV C`aglngtg

NS Ykr C`aprkssj`lk

OV C`aglngtg

OV C`aglngtg

^rgzj`lk

C;7> A^

C;79 NS A^

C;7> A^

C;7> A^

Hrjzj`lk

Akccgljc`

Jnrgudjc`

Jnrgudjc`

Akccgljc`

>,799

>,?=3

>,799

>,799

?g

?,7;5

?,?35

?,7;5

?,7;5

3g

7,>59

7,>>>

7,3>;

7,3>;

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7,7?7

7,9?:

9,:=>

9,:=>

; 8g

9,5:= -

9,=8= -

9,=88 -

9,=88 -

_A

3,575

3,:9:

3,575

3,575

_gpp`rt` nj rjnuzj`lk hjlgdk

3,>35

3,7;9

3,58=

>,;99

G pjml`lk k crkagmdjkrg c`l skrv`stkrz` kdkttrjc` :,3

G pjml`lk k crkagmdjkrg c`l skrv`stkrz` kdkttrjc` :,3

G pjml`lk k crkagmdjkrg c`l skrv`stkrz` kdkttrjc` :,3

G pjml`lk k crkagmdjkrg c`l skrv`stkrz` kdkttrjc` :,3

N?;=U7?

N?;=U?? gut`vkltjdgtj

N?;=U?? gut`vkltjdgtj

N?;=U7?

A@^@_K

Cjdjlnrgtg (ca3) _gpp`rt` nj c`aprkssj`lk Y`tklzg agx CK6 b] (CX) g mjrj / ajl C`ppjg agx CK6 La g mjrj / ajl Njstrjouzj`lk (c`agln`) Gdjakltgzj`lk Gccklsj`lk

55 g 3;99 mjrj/ajl Cgtklg

^_GSAJSSJ@LK

Cgaoj`6

7g

g

S^K_V@

^jp` Njgaktr` nj stkrzgtg (a) H_KLJ - N (njsc`) - ^ (tgaour`)

Gltkrj`rj6

aa

 

Y`stkrj`rj6

aa

^?93

^?93

^?93

^?93

G ru`tk jlnjpklnkltj tjp` AcYekrs`l, c`l orgccj `scjddgltj jlhkrj`rj trgsvkrsgdj glc`rgtj gn ulg trgvkrsg gusjdjgrjg

G ru`tk jlnjpklnkltj tjp` AcYekrs`l, c`l orgccj `scjddgltj jlhkrj`rj trgsvkrsgdj glc`rgtj gn ulg trgvkrsg gusjdjgrjg

S@SYKLSJ@LJ

Gltkrj`rk

G ru`tk G ru`tk jlnjpklnkltj tjp` jlnjpklnkltj tjp` AcYekrs`l, c`l AcYekrs`l, c`l orgccj `scjddgltj orgccj `scjddgltj jlhkrj`rj trgsvkrsgdj jlhkrj`rj trgsvkrsgdj glc`rgtj gn ulg glc`rgtj gn ulg trgvkrsg gusjdjgrjg trgvkrsg gusjdjgrjg G ru`tk jltkrc`llkssk trgajtk p`ltk t`rckltk

G ru`tk jltkrc`llkssk trgajtk p`ltk t`rckltk

G ru`tk jltkrc`llkssk trgajtk p`ltk t`rckltk

G ru`tk jltkrc`llkssk trgajtk p`ltk t`rckltk

?399

?399

?399

?399

7>9:

7>9:

7>9:

7>9:

7>9=

7>9=

7>9=

7>9=

Dulmekzzg/Dgrmekzzg/Gdtkzzg (a)

Dul6 38;3 Dgr6 78>3/755? (sklzg/c`l spkccej) Gdt6 7;;7

Dul6 38;3 Dgr6 78>3/755? (sklzg/c`l spkccej) Gdt6 7;;7

Dul6 38;3 Dgr6 78>3/755? (sklzg/c`l spkccej) Gdt6 7;;7

Dul6 38;3 Dgr6 78>3/755? (sklzg/c`l spkccej) Gdt6 7;;3

Cgpgcjté ogmgmdjgj` XNG (djtrj)

??; – ?89 - 5=9

??; – ?89 - 5=9

??; – ?89 - 5=9

??; – ?89 - 5=9

Ylkuagtjcj

7=;/8; _7> 5?^

7=;/8; _7> 5?^

7=;/8; _7> 5?^

7=;/8; _7> 5?^

(*) 1 @ptj`lgd

75;/;; _7; 5?^

75;/;; _7; 5?^

75;/;; _7; 5?^

75;/;; _7; 5?^

_u`tjl` @Y^ 593

73;/59 _7> 5>A

73;/59 _7> 5>A

73;/59 _7> 5>A

73;/59 _7> 5>A

>9Ge

83Ge

83Ge

83Ge

:9G (rjscgdngt`/ c`lnjzj`lgt`)

79;G (rjscgdngt`)

79;G (rjscgdngt`)

79;G (rjscgdngt`)

7?9G (c`lnjzj`l.)

7?9G (c`lnjzj`l.)

7?9G (c`lnjzj`l.)

Yks` jl `rnjlk nj agrcjg NJL (bm)

:>9

793;

:=;

Jl hgsk nj `a`d`mgzj`lk

Cgpgcjté skrogt`j` c`aoust. (djtrj)

3=

3=

3=

3=

Y`stkrj`rk

NJAKLSJ@LJ

Ygss` (aa) Cgrrkmmjgtg glt./p`st. (aa)

(stglngrn - sknjdk p`st. sc`rrkv`dk gvglzgtg - scejklgdk googttut`) _[@^K

JAYJGL^@ KDK^^_JC@ (7?X)

Cgpgcjté ogttkrjg (Ge) Gdtkrlgt`rk6 c`rrkltk agx (G) YKSJ - _JH@_LJAKL^J (YKSJ @A@D@MG^J)

Jl hgsk nj `a`d`mgzj`lk

Y`rtgtg c`aprks` c`lnuckltk

;99 (vkrs. ; p`stj) >59 (vkrs. > p`stj)

;99 (vkrs. ; p`stj) >59 (vkrs. > p`stj)

;99 (vkrs. ; p`stj) >59 (vkrs. > p`stj)

Jl hgsk nj `a`d`mgzj`lk

 

Yks` agx rja`rcejgojdk

599 (hrklgt`) >99 (l`l hrklgt`)

:99(hrklgt`) >99( l`l hrklgt`)

599 (hrklgt`) >99 (l`l hrklgt`)

78>

785

7==

7;:

7>,?

7?,5

77,?

7;,=

8,=/>,3/;,?

>,=/3,;/3,:

;,9/3,5/>,? (?)

Jl hgsk nj `a`d`mgzj`lk

7?9

79>

Jl hgsk nj `a`d`mgzj`lk

Y_KS^GVJ@LJ

Xkd`cjté agssjag (ba/e) Gcckdkrgzj`lk (skc.)6 9 ý 799 ba/e C@LS[AJ CKK (d/799ba)

Skc`ln` njrkttjvg CK 7:::/799 [rogl` - kxtrg-urogl` c`aojlgt` C@? ( m/Ba)

::

7) S`d` pkr ^wjlGjr c`l tgst` KC@ KC@ prkaut`6

Y`tklzg agx CK6 b] (CX) g mjrj / ajl C`ppjg agx CK6 La g mjrj / ajl

;= (==,;) g ;;99 mjrj/ajl 799 g ?999 mjrj/ajl

?) Xkrsj`lk A^G6 A^G6

[rogl` - kxtrg-urogl` - c`aojlgt` C@? ( m/Ba)

>,5/3,=/>,7 :;

::