Festo - Taller de Tratamiento de Aire
July 21, 2022 | Author: Anonymous | Category: N/A
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>8/;=/9;9;
Qn` Qn``mr5 `mr5 \c`ulbcoms pnrn trntnjbmotc am nbrm lcjprbjb ac \9 “ Njârbln am` Ocrtm
[rmsmotnacr5 Dn`baCrtbz “[rcault Jnongmr[ON \pmlbn`bst
JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
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Lcotmobac5 • • • • •
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Gmomrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac Abstrbiulbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac [rmpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac smgõo B\C 8=7-9;>; Lcjpcomotms am` FY@ Vî`vu`ns am lbmrrm Jnoun`ms M`âltrblns Nrrnoqum prcgrmsbvc Ymgu`nacrms am prmsbüo Fb`trc Ymgu`nacr Fb`trcs Fb`trcs Jblrüoblcs Fb`trcs \uijblrüoblcs Fb`trc am Lnriüo nltbvc
JX;DNC
•
\mlnacrms \mlnacrr pcrrmfrbgmrnlbüo \mlnac \mlnacr am jmjirnon \mlnacr pcr Nascrlbüo \mpnrnacr am ngun HNOA\ CO Jnoüjmtrcs \mrbm JN \mrbm \[N] Botmosbfblnacr am prmsbüo Vî`vu`nsam smgurban smgurbana a ]obanams am mfblbmolbn momrgâtbln Jnogumrn Ynlcrms •
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Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
9
9
lcjprbjbac Gmomrnlbüo y abstrbiulbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac
JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
<
<
>
>8/;=/9;9;
Gmomrnlbüo y abstrbiulbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac
JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
1
1
Gmomrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbacl M` lcjprmscr
@n gmomrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac mjpbmzn pcr `n lcjprmsbüo am` nbrm.
Mxbstmo abfmrmotms tbpcs am lcjprmscrms y sm l`nsbfblno pcr su lcostrullbüo botmron5
Am mjic`c n`tmrontbvc.
Am âjic`c gbrntcrbc.
Am f`uec.
\êjic`c am` lcjprmscr Ocrjn ABO >9>2 JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
=
=
Gmomrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac Lcjprmscr am âjic`c Quriclcjprmscr rnabn`
Lcjprmscr am tcrob``c Hm`blcban` Quriclcjprmscr nxbn`
Lcjprmscr am rctntbvc
JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
6
6
9
>8/;=/9;9;
Gmomrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac M` nluju`nacr Amspuâs am hnimr pnsnac pcr m` lcjprmscr y pcr uo mofrbnacr, m` nbrm lcjprbjbac ``mgn n` nluju`nacr.
]o nluju`nacr c tnoqum am n`jnlmonjbmotc lujp`m lco vnrbns fuolbcoms5
Ymaulm `ns lnêans am prmsbüo mo `n `êomn.
\brvm lcjc rmspn`ac am momrgên omujîtbln.
Mvbtn m` fuolbconjbmotc am` lcjprmscr am jnomrn lcotboun.
Nyuan n m`bjbonr `n hujmana, prcvclnoac lcoamosnacs amibac n` mofrbnjbmotc qum prcvcln su grno vc`ujmo.
JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
7
7
Gmomrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac M` tnjnþc am` nluju`nacr ampmoam am `cs sbgubmotms lrbtmrbcs5
Lnuan` am` lcjprmscr.
Lnotbana am nbrm rmqumrban pcr m` sbstmjn.
Yma am tuimrêns.
Ymgu`nlbüo am` lcjprmscr.
Cslb`nlbüo pmrjbsbi`m am `n prmsbüo mo m` sbstmjn.
\êjic`c am` nluju`nacr Ocrjn ABO >9>2
Octn.- Aurnotm m` prclmsc am mofrbnjbmotc, m` ngun
sm lcoamosn, pcr `c qum m` nluju`nacr amimrî tmomr uo grbfc am purgn am lcoamosnacs .
JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
8
8
Gmomrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac M` smlnacr N` lc lcjpr jprbjb bjbr uo gns, gns, su tmjpm tmjpmrn rntu turn rn nuj nujmo motn tn mo `n jbsj jbsjn n pr prcp cpcr crlb lbüo üo qum qum sm hn lcjprbjbac. [nr [nrn n m`bjbonr j bonr `n huj hujman mana a mo m` nbrm nbrm lcjprbj lcjprbjbac bac utb`bznjc ` bznjcss abspcs abspcsbtb btbvvcssmlnacrm cssmlnacrmss am nbrm. Motrm`cs prbolbpn`m prbolbpn`mss tmomj tmomjcs5 cs5
\mlnacrpcr mofrbnjbmotc(2;-2=% mfblbmolbn)
\mln \mlnacrpcr acrpcr niscrlbüo(==-6; niscrlbüo(==-6;%mfblbmol %mfblbmolbn) bn)
\mln \mlnacrpcr acrpcr nascrlbüo(7;-7= nascrlbüo(7;-7=%mfblbmol %mfblbmolbn) bn)
\êjic`c am` smlnacr Ocrjn ABO >9>2
JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
2
2
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>8/;=/9;9;
Abstrbiulbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac N` prbolbpbc o lbpbc am lnan lnan sbstm sbstmjn jn am nbrm nbrm lcj lcjprb prbjb jbac ac hn hnyy uo lcjprmscr. lcjprmscr. M` nbr nbrm m lcjprb lcjprbjb jbac ac qumgmom qumgmomrn rn,, sm prmpn prmpnrn rn frbgcr gcrêfb êfblc lc.. Ocrjn Ocrjn`j `jmot motm, m, notms notms c am amspu spuâs âs am am`` sm smlna lnacr cr frbgcr frbgcrêfb êfblc lc,, sm n`jnlmon m` nbrm nbrm jmabnot jmabnotm m uo smlnacr frb lcj lcjprb prbjb jbac ac lco lco m` fbo am lcj lcjpmo pmosn snrr `ns `ns cs cslb` lb`nlb nlbc coms oms mo m` lcosu lcosujc jc.. N lco lcotbo tboun unlbü lbüo, o, m` nbrm nbrm lcj lcjprb prbjb jbac ac sm trnospcrtn jmabno jmabnotm tm tuicshnstn m` sbstmj sbstmjn n amslmotr amslmotrn`bznacam n`bznacam prmpnrn prmpnrnlbüo lbüo am`nbrm lcjprbjba lcjprbjbac c.
JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
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Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
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Abstrbiulbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac @n rma am nbrm lcjprbjbac
JX;DNC
>>
Abstrbiulbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac > “ 9% am pmoabmotm pmoabmotm
]obana am jnotmobjbmotc
Lcjprmscr
1;lj
Ampüsbtc am nbrm Lc`mltcr am lcoamosnacs
JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
>9
>9
1
>8/;=/9;9;
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac `nvban õtb` õtb`yy m`fuolbconjb m`fuolbconjbmotcam motcam lcjp lcjpcom comotmsy otmsy sbstmjn sbstmjnss Lunoacm` Lunoacm` nbrm nbrm lcjp lcjprbjb rbjbaclcotbmom a clcotbmom pnrtêlu` pnrtêlu`n ns,nguny s,nguny nlm nlmbtm, btm,`nvban sm vmopmreuablnacs.Ineno vmopmreuablnacs. Ineno,, nsbjbsjc, nsbjbsjc, `n prcaultbvbanay anay `n mfblbmolbn momrgâ momrgâtbln. tbln.
[c [crr m` lcot lcotrn rnrb rbc, c, uo uon n prmp prmpnr nrnl nlbü büo o nl nlcr cram am lco lco `ns `ns om omlm lmsb sban anam amss mspm mspmlê lêfb fbln lnss am lnan lnan np`b np`bln lnlb lbüo üo,, bolrmjmotn sbgobfblntbvnjmotm sbgobfblntbvnjmo tm `nsmgurbanaam` prclmscy am`prcaultc, n` bgun`qum `n abspcobib`banaam ib`banaam su bostn`n bostn`nlbüo. lbüo. JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
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[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac ]ojmtrclõiblcamnbrmsbo prmpnrn prmpnrnrlcotbm rlcotbmom5 om5 •
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[nrtêlu` [nrtêlu`nsam nsam sulbman sulbmana5 a5 hnstn hnstn >8;jb``com >8;jb``comss ammotrm;,;> ½jy >;;½j p.me., tnjnþcsam tnjnþcsam pnrt pnrtêlu` êlu`n jîshnibt jîshnibtun` un`msT½jZ5 msT½jZ5 vbrus ;,;>4 hujcamtninlc;,>4 hujcamtninlc ;,>4 obmi`nam obmi`nam ngun ngun=“8;4 =“8;4 lnim``chujnoc 1;“>=;) Ngun5 Ngun5 ampmoabm ampmoabmoacam`n oacam`n tmjpmrn tmjpmrnturn turn,hnstn8; ,hnstn8; g n =;»L Nlmbtm5hnstn;,;1
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac [nrtêlu`ns
Lcosmlumolbns abrmltns5
[nrtêlu`ns mo fcrjn am pc`vc, prcaultcs am `n lcrrcsbüocvbrutns jmtî`blns prclmamotms am trninecs am trnosfcrjnlbüo, mtl.
Ymsbaucs y nirnsbüo jmlîobln, pcr memjp`c, motrm `n pnrma m` lb`b oarc y `n euotn am` âjic`c.
Ngun M` nbrm njibmotn` sbmjprm lcotbmom lbmrtn lnotbana am vnpcr am ngun.
Nlmbtm Bol`usc mo lcjprmscrms qum fuolbcono sbo nlmbtm, hny nmrcsc`ms mü`blcs nspbrnacs am `n ntjüsfmrn qum lcotnjbono `cs sbstmjns omujîtblcs. JX;DNC
Lcosmlumolbns abrmltns5 Lcrrcsbüo am pbmzns luyns pnrtêlu`ns am üxbacpcarêno prcvclnr grnvms anþcs jmlîoblcs c `n citurnlbüo am pmqumþns smllbcoms am pnsc am` f`uec.
Lcosmlumolbns n `nrgc p`nzc5 •
•
• •
Qrninecs am jnotmobjbmotc y rmpnrnlbüo jîs frmlumotms Fn``cs am fuolbconjbmotc Vban õtb` jîs irmvm Jnycrms lcstms momrgâtblcs amibac n fugns
Lcosmlumolbns abrmltns5 Ng`utbonlbüo am pnrtêlu`ns y `n lcosmlumotm citurnlbüo am smllbcoms am pnsc. @cs m`nstüjmrcs, p. me. mo `ns euotns, pcarêno hbolhnrsm. Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
>=
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[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac Mfmltcs lcosmlumolbn am `ns pnrtêlu`ns Mjic`c am vî`vu`n5
[rci`mjn5 Fugns / Fuolbconjbmotc bolcrrmltc Ynzüo5 Anþc mo `cs sm``cs amibac n `n lcotnjbonlbüo pcr pnrtêlu`ns.
JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
>6
>6
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac Mfmltcs lcosmlumolbn am `n hujmana. Vî`vu`n5
L[M-91-J>H-7
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac Mfmltcs lcosmlumolbn am` nlmbtm \mlnacr5
J\6-@AJ [rci`mjns5 Fuolbconjbmotc bolcrrmltc mo abvmrscs lcjpcomotms omujîtblcs. Ynzüo5 Mxlmsc am nlmbtm mo lcjprmscr.
JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
>8
>8
6
>8/;=/9;9;
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac @n purmzn am` nbrm lcjprbjbac mstî amfboban mo `n ocrjn B\C 8=759;>;. 8=759;>;. @n amocjbonlbüo am uon purmzn lcolrmtn am nbrm sm lcjpcom am trms bofcrjnlbcoms5 [nrtêlu`ns sü`bans Ngun Nlmbtm Ms Mstn tn oc ocrj rjn n ms vbol vbolu` u`no notm tm am amsa sam m m` nþ nþc c 9; 9;>; >; pn pnrn rn `ns `ns sc`u sc`ulb lbco coms ms am nutcjntbznlbüolco znlbüolco omujîtbln omujîtbln.. •
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[c [crr ms mstm tm jc jctbv tbvc c ms boabs boabspm pmosn osni` i`m m vmrbf vmrbfbln blnrr abv abvmr mrsc scss pn pnrîj rîjmtr mtrcs cs pnr pnrn n a bs bs pc pc o om m r a m u o s bs tm tm j jn n a m pr m mp p nr nr n nll bü bü o a m n br m l cj cj pr pr bbj j ba c a m lcofcrjbana lcofcrjban a lco `n ocrjny, namjîs, namjîs, momrgâtblnjmotmmfblbmotm. momrgâtblnjmotmmfblbmotm. @n ocrj ocrjn n amtmrjb amtmrjbon, on, pnrn pnrn lnanl`nsm lnanl`nsm,, m` lcot lcotmoba mobac c jîxb jîxbjc jc am sus sustnol tnolbns bns lcot lcotnjbo njbonotm notmss qumpumamlcotmomrm` qumpumamlcotmomrm` nbrmlcjprbjb nbrmlcjprbjba ac.Lunotcjîsn`tn`n c.Lunotcjîsn`tn`n lntmg lntmgcr crên ên,, tno tnotc tc jmocrm` jmocrm` grn grnac ac am pu purmz rmzn n rm rmqum qumrba rbac. c. @n pur purmz mzn n am`nbrm lcjp lcjprbjb rbjba ac c omlmsnrb omlmsnrbn pnrn pnrn lcjp lcjpcom comotms otms omujîtb omujîtblcs, lcs, lcjc vî` vî`vu`n vu`nss c lb`boarcs,, `n amtmrjbono lb`boarcs amtmrjbono `csfnirblnotms. JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
>2
>2
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac @n l`nsm am purmzn, pcr memjp`c, pnrn sbstmjns omujîtblcs mstîoanr am Fmstc, ms 7.1.1 7 : `n l`nsm am `ns pnrtêlu`ns sü`bans 1 : `n l`nsm pnrn m` ngun 1 : `n l`nsm pnrn m` nlmbtm
JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
9;
9;
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac
•
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M` nbrm am pb`ctnem sm utb`bzn pnrn lcotrc`nr, motrm ctrcs, vî`vu`ns, lb`boarcs y pbozns, y oc motrn mo lcotnltc abrmltc lco m` prcaultc. M` nbrm am scp`nac sbrvm pnrn `bjpbnr jîqubons y pbmzns. M` nbrm am scp`nac motrn mo lcotnltc abrmltc lco m` prcaultc mo `cs prclmscs am fnirblnlbüo c trntnjbmotc. M` nbrm am prclmsc ms uo jmabc bol`ubac fêsbln c quêjblnjmotm mo uo prclmsc am fnirblnlbüo c trntnjbmotc y s brvm pnrn trnospcrtnr prcaultcs . M` nbrm am prclmsc motrn sbmjprm mo lcotnltc abrmltc lco m` prcaultc mo `cs prclmscs am fnirblnlbüo c trntnjbmotc.
JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
9>
9>
7
>8/;=/9;9;
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac
JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
99
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
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Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
91
99
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac
JX;DNC
9<
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac
JX;DNC
91
8
>8/;=/9;9;
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac J\ ms `n p`ntnfcrjn am prmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac mstîoanr am Fmstc. Am jcjmotc5 = tnjnþcs (J\9, J\1, J\6, J\2, J\>9) Grno oõjmrc am prcaultcs boabvbaun`ms Lcofbgurnlbüo boabvbaun` jmabnotm m` lcofbgurnacr co`bom am uo jîxbjc am >; jüau`cs
• • •
Oumvc5 J\9 •
Oumvc tnjnþc pmqumþc Ymgu`nacrms y uobanams am fb`trc y rmgu`nacr Lcjp`mebana rmaulban, pclcs oõjmrcs am nrtêlu`cs
• •
J\>9 J\2 Jcam`c
J\9
J\1
J\6
J\2
J \ >9
Abjmosbüam rmeb``nTjjZ
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Qnjnþcsam pumrtc
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J\6 J\1 J\9 `/jbo ;
JX;DNC
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Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
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Vî`vu`n amlbmrrm
]obana amfb`trc y rmgu`nacr
(9)
@uirbln- Vî`vu`n Vî`vu`n am Jüau`c am nrrnoqum amrbvnlbüo am acr lbmrrm prcgrmsbvc
Mslunarn am fbenlbüo cplbcon` JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
96
96
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac Nbrm lcjprbjbac `uirblnac y sbo `uirbfblnr `uirbfblnr ]obana am Abstrbiuba Abstrbiubacr cr @uirblna @uirblnacr cr fb`trc y rmgu`nacr
Nbrm lcjprbjbac `uirblnac [nrn lcjpcomotms am nllbconjbmotc qum fuolbcono n n`tn vm`clbana
Fb`trnac iîsblc 1; ½j c = ½j
JX;DNC
Nbrm lcjprbjbac oc `uirblnac [nrn vî`vu`ns am jnoac y ctrcs lcjpcomotms smosbi`ms
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
97
97
2
>8/;=/9;9;
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac N smr pcsbi`m, utb`blm m` nlmbtm mspmlbn` am Fmstc5 Qbpc5 CF\W- ==99 88>> > [nrn nltunacrms am lnrrmrn `nrgn
[nrn nltunacrms am n`tn frmlumolbn
Bjpcrtnotm5 `n `uirblnlbüo amim smr lcotboun pnrn mvbtnr qum sm m`bjbom `n `uirblnlbüo iîsbln. M` fuolbconjbmotc sbo mogrnsm fnvcrmlm m` amsgnstm
[nrn nltunacrms mstîoanr, jnoacs, gmomrnacrms am vnlêc, mtl. JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
98
98
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac Lurvn lnrnltmrêstbln têpbln Lnjpc am abspmrsbüo
Ymgu`nlbüo am J\1-@CM->/8-… >;;
7= m t o Z =; n o l b b r j i / u s ` n m t 9= a c ` g n ; a ; u ; . n > ; L T
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Oõjmrc am vum`tns am` tcrob``c rmgu`nacr am` gctmc JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
92
92
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac Lcosmlumolbns am utb`bznr m` nlmbtm mqubvclnac c amjnsbnac nlmbtm mo m` sbstmjn5 fn``c fuolbcon` am `ns vî`vu`ns •
Amjnsbnac nlmbtm sb`molbnacr ``moc am nlmbtm5 jn` fuolbconjbmotc am` mslnpm
•
Nlmbtm mqubvclnac
`n vî`vu`n smrvcpb`ctnan sm quman pmgnan5 `n vî`vu`n oc sm lcojutn
;,9 jj
JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
8/;=/9;9;
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac Lüjc mvbtnr nvmrêns •
Mvbtm `uirblnr mo mxlmsc
[rumin am `uirblnlbüo5 Abspnrm lco `n pbstc`n scp`nacrn am nbrm aurnotm
nprcx. ; lj am abstnolbn. Mo m` lnrtüo sü`c amim nprmlbnrsm uon `bgmrn lc`crnlbü lc`crnlbüoo njnrb``n y ouoln gctns . JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac Amslcomxbüo am` sbstmjn y amslnrgn am` nbrm Vî`vu`n am lbmrrm
]obana am fb`trc y rmgu`nacr
Ab Abstr strbiu biubac bacrr
@uirb @uirblnacr l nacr
Vî`vu`n am lbmrrm jnoun` jnoun` \mgõo `ns ocrjns am prmvmolbüo am nllbamotms (]VV) n`mjnons, m` nbrm am `n bostn`nlbüo amim pcamr purgnrsm jnoun`jmotm. @n vî`vu`n amim pcamr i`cqumnrsm lco uo lnoanac. JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
9>2
³Luî` ms `n prmsbüo jîs namlunan pnrn m` sbstmjn3 @n jêobjn pcsbi`m pnrn cpmrnr m` sbstmjn sunvmjmotm. JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
½j
Fb`trc am lnriüo nltbvc
Lcotmobac rmsbaun` am nlmbtm 0 ;,= jg/j<
Lcotmobac rmsbaun` am nlmbtm 0 ;,;> jg/j<
Lcotmobac rmsbaun` am nlmbtm 0 ;,;;< jg/j<
JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
1<
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
11
1<
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac
JX;DNC
11
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac Lnuan` jêobjc5 jblrcfb`trc @FJ Fuolbüo am `n mstrulturn lnütbln am` tmebac am` fb`trc5
Vm`clbana am f`uec ]on vm`clbana am f`uec bosufblbmotm amotrc am` m`mjmotc fb`trnotm fnvcrmlm qum `ns bjpurmzns, sü`bans c `êqubans, "pnsmo" sbo cistîlu`cs JX;DNC
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
1=
1=
>=
>8/;=/9;9;
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac Lnrtulhcs fb`trnotms G rrnn aacc am am ffbb `t`t rrnn lblb üo üo
Îj iibb tc tcs am am np np `b`b ln lnl bü büo
L nnj ji bbcc aamm ffbb ``tt rc rc
Fb`trc sbotmrbznac 1; ½j
• Lb`boa Lb`boarcs rcs am trninec • \bstm \bstmjns jns am jnoac omujîtblcs rciustcs
Nprcx. lnan >-9 nþcs
• • • • • • •
Fb`trc sbotmrbznac = ½j Jblrcfb`trc am > ½j n ;,;> ½j Fb`trc am lnriüo nltbvc Lcotmobac rmsbaun` am nlmbtm 0 ;,;;< jg/j< JX;DNC
Jctcr Jctcrms ms am pn`mtns Vî`vu Vî`vu`ns `ns smosbi`ms Bostrujmotcs jmabacrms [bstc`ns am boymllbüo Mo `n m`mltrüobln m`mltrüobln Mo `n boaustrbn n`bjmotnrbn Mo `n boaustrbn fnrjnlâutbln
Nprcx. lnan >-9 nþcs
Nprcx. lnan nþc
Nprcx. lnan < jmsms (tmjpmrnturn)
• Qâlobln Qâlobln jâabln • Ibctm Ibctmloc`c loc`cgên gên • Jblrc Jblrcm`mlt m`mltrüobl rüobln n
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
16
16
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac Lnrtulhcs fb`trnotms Boablnacr am prmsbüo abfmrmolbn` J\…AN
\moscr am prmsbüo abfmrmolbn` \moscr am prmsbüo abfmrmolbn` \AM> \AM<
;.
\moscr am prmsbüo abfmrmolbn` \AM=
p9
Qn``mr am m`mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nbrm lcjprbjbac
17
17
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac [uotc am lcoamosnlbüo
2;
8;
\nturntbco
Q> : 1=»L jH9C : 6= g/j¼
7;
Z ¼ j6; / g T n u =; g n
Q>
m a 1; c a b o ;»L jH9C : 2 g/j¼
9;
Q9
>;
;
-1; -;
-=
;
=
>;
>=
9;
9=
8/;=/9;9;
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac Bof`umolbn am `n prmsbüo Z L » T o ü b s m r p c e i n o ü b l n s o m a o c l m a c t o u [
= >; = >;inr
; -= ->; ->= -9; -9= -9=;
>=;;
>7 =;
9;;;
99=;
9=;;
Ngun Tjg/j¼Z JX;DNC
Qn` `mr am m` mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nb rm lcjprbj bac
12
12
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac N`guocs antcs5 Wnssmrgmhn`t < g/j >;;; Jnxbjn`m\áttbg uog
=;; >;; =; 9; >; = > ;.= ;.> ->; 8;
• 7 j¼ am nbrmntjcsfârblc nbrmntjcsfârblc gmomrn uo vc`ujmo am > j¼ am nbrm am trninec
• @n hujmana a am` m` nbrm ampmoam am `n tmjpmrnturn (puotc am rclêc).
• @n hujmana am` nbrm ampmoam am` vc`ujmo.
• [rmsbüo am trninec trninec 7 inr (n) : 6 inr (g)
;
+>;
9;
7g(>;;%):1; »L pcr aminec am` nbrm njibmotm am `n bostn`nlbüo
8; Z Z < <
j j / / g g T T t ` n n u h g m n g m r a m s c s a n b o W m t o c L
7; 6; =;
N 9; »L, > j< am nbrm lcjprbjbac pumam lcotmomr >8 g am vnpcr am ngun
1; ; ; =;
1;
;
;
->;
-9;
-
=>
>7
>8/;=/9;9;
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac \mlnacrms am nbrm y prbolbpbcs am fuolbconjbmotc
Lcoamosnlbüo
JX;DNC
Abfusbüo
\crlbüo
Qn` `mr am m` mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nb rm lcjprbj bac
=9
=9
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac \mlnacrms am nbrm y prbolbpbcs am fuolbconjbmotc
Lcoamosnlbüo
\crlbüo
Abfusbüo
\upmr lcjprmsbüo
\mlnacr am jmjirnon
Niscrlbüo (lco jmabc amsmlnotm)
\mlnacr am rmfrbgmrnlbüo Nascrlbüo (n trnvâs am rmgmomrnlbüo)
JX;DNC
Qn` `mr am m` mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nb rm lcjprbj bac
=<
=<
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac \mlnacrms am nbrm y prbolbpbcs am fuolbconjbmotc Lcoamosnlbüo ? \mlnacr pcr rmfrbgmrnlbüo
JX;DNC
•
[r bo lblb p pbb c c55 Motrnan am nbrm lcjprbjbac n` sbstmjn ? M` nbrm pnsn n` botmrlnjibnacr am ln`cr acoam sm mofên ( - \mlnacr \mlnacr am jmjirnon jmjirnon Ymqubmrm m` prmfb`trnac amfbobac pcr m` fnirblnotm. Mo Fmstc sm mxbgm, lcjc jêobjc, uo fb`trnac am = ½j y ;,;> ½j. [nrn uo jmecr fb`trnac am` nlmbtm, sm bostn`n pcstmrbcrjmotm m` fb`trc am lnriüo nltbvc.
Amfboblbüo am` prcaultc5 \mlnacr am jmjirnon pnrn J\1 y J\6
•
Lnrnltmrêstblns5 •
Lnuan`ms5 =;, >;;, 9;;, 9,=inr
Vmotnens5 •
•
M`mvnac rmoabjbmotc pnrn uon baüomn rmotnib`bana
•
\bo omlmsbana am jnotmobjbmotc lco `n fb`trnlbüo prmvbn namlunan •
JX;DNC
Mo np`blnlbcoms mo motcrocs juy smosbi`ms sm pumam lcotrc`nr m` nbrm am inrrbc hõjmac y mvnlunr`c n uon zcon qum oc smn lrêtbln. Jnotmomr `n `êomn `c jîs lcrtn pcsbi`m (prmsbüo aboîjbln).
Qn` `mr am m` mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nb rm lcjprbj bac
=7
=7
>2
>8/;=/9;9;
[rmpnrnlbüo am` nbrm lcjprbjbac Nbrm lcjprbjbac smlc lco m` smlnacr pcr nascrlbüo “[ANA\mlnac mlcoüjblc lco lcjcabana • •
•
•
•
@cs lnrtulhcs am grnou`nac amsmlnotm sm pumamo sustbtubr fîlb`jmotm Inen vm`clbana am` nbrm am inrrbac prcpcrlbcon uon m`mvnan mfblbmolbn [uotc am lcoamosnlbüo inec prmsbüo sm`mllbconi`m -\mlnac n -7;»L -1;»L -\mlnac n 6 tnjnþcs Lnuan`ms hnstn 2.
Mspmlbn` pnr pnrn n nqum``ns np`blnlbcoms np`blnlbcoms mo `ns qum amin rmtbrnrsm m` ngun `êquban (sbo vnpcr am ngun)
9.
\c`c abspcobi`m mo `n vnrbnotm lcjp`mtnjmo lcjp`mtnjmotm nutcjîtbln,yn qum `n lnotbana am ngun pumam ``mgnr n smr juy m`mvnan (tnjibâo pumam m`mgbrsm [WMN)
Fuolbconjbmotc5 smpnrnacr lco lmotrbfugnlbüo >.
M` nbrm sm bolcrpcrn n `n uobana lco uo jcvbjbmotc jcvbjbmotc rctntbvc rîpbac
9.
@n fumrzn lmotrêfugn prcymltn prcymltn `ns gctns am ngun y `ns pnrtêlu`ns n `n supmrfblbm botmrbcr am `n fuoan Qbpc Vn`crms am lnuan` ∆p : > in inr
JX;DNC
J\6-@W\
=.;;; `/jbo
J\>9-@W\
8/;=/9;9;
Vî`vu`n am nrrnoqum prcgrmsbvc y am mslnpm J\6-\V Amfboblbüo am` prcaultc5 • Vî`vu`n rmauoanotm am smgurbana am nrrnoqum nrrnoqum prcgrmsbvc y am mslnpm
Lnrnltmrêstblns5 • Vî`vu`n am 9 lnon`ms lco lco amtmllbüo botmgrnan am pcsblbc pcsblbcoms oms y nutcabngoüstblc • [nrn m` tnjnþc tnjnþc J\ J\ • Lmrtbfblnlbüo smgõo MO 2=1-> lnt. < (boampmoabmotm) • M[@5 p. me., J\6-\V…->/9-V91-C\-NG J\6-\V…->/9-V91-C\-NG
Vmotnens5 • Grno fbnib`bana grnlbns n `n lcostrullbüo lcostrullbüo rmauoanotm (nutcabngoüstblc : smgurbana) • \c`ulbüo "p`ug noa wcrd"5 oc ms omlmsnrbc botmgrnr `n sc`ul sc`ulbüo büo mo obogõo [@L am smgurbana ob mo scftwnrm JX;DNC
Qn` `mr am m` mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nb rm lcjprbj bac
6>
6>
Fnjb`bn J\M6 “ Boocvnacrn tâlobln am sbstmjns am sujbobstrc omujîtblc omujîtblc \ujbobstrc omujîtblc mo uo obvm` supmrbcr
JX;DNC
Qn` `mr am m` mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nb rm lcjprbj bac
69
69
Fmstc5 gnjn lcjp`mtn am uobanams am jnotmobjbmotc ]obanams am jnotmobjbmotc -lcjibonlbcoms
\ J s m b r m \
]obanams am jnotmobjbmotc “uobanams boabvbaun`ms \mrbmsJ\1,J\6, J\2,J\>94jmtn`
\mrbmsJ\I,jmtn` J\I1 (+J\I1-FYL) Lnuan`==; ... >=;; `/jbo
J\I6 (+J\I1-FYL)
...
Lnuan`>2;; ... =>;; `/jbo
J\I2 Lnuan`5=>;; ... >1;;; `/jbo
F b t` rc rc
]obana am fb`trc y rmgu`nacr
\mrbmsA @êomnl`îsbln- rmmjp`nzni`mpcr`ns smrbmsJ\
@uirblnacrms Vî`vu`n am V î` î` vvu u `n lbmrrm rmgu`nacrn
\mrbms \, \, p`îst blc (Jbob)
\mlnacrms am nbrm
Abstrbiubacrms am nbrm
[urgn am lcoamosnac
Vî`vu`ns am smgurbana
\mrbms \ \,, jmtn` ((J Jblrc, Jbob, Jb Jbab, Jn Jnxb) @êomnl`îsbln-rmmjp`nzni`mpcr`nssmrbmsJ\ m pcr`nssmrbmsJ\
lco `uirblnacr, @FL (9 tbpcs FMHN) Lnuan`51;; ... 6=; `/jbo.
A s m b r m \
sbo `uirblnacr, @FY (9 tbpcs FMHN)
]obana am fb`trc yrmgu`nacr JX;DNC
...
...
Lnuan`5=;; ... >9;; `/jbo.
Vî`vu`ns rmgu`nacrns
Vî`vu`n am lbmrrm
Qn` `mr am m` mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nb rm lcjprbj bac
]obana am fb`trc yrmgu`nacr
F b t` rc rc
V î` î` vvu u `n rmgu`nacrn
@uirblnacrms Vî`vu`n amlbmrrm 6<
6<
9>
>8/;=/9;9;
Qmjns qum prmclupno n` juoac5 `n pc`êtbln, `n sclbmana, `n boaustrbn y m` lcjmrlbc
[rctmllbüo l`bjîtbln/rmaullbüo am LC9
Abgbtn`bznlbüo
JX;DNC
\mgurbana am `n jnqubonrbn
Qn` `mr am m` mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nb rm lcjprbj bac
61
61
\ujnrbc am `n fnjb`bn J\M65 J\M6-L9J/-M9J/-A9J J\M6-L9J Jüau`c am mfblbmolbn momrgâtbln
J\M6-M9J
J\M6-A9J
Jüau`c am mfblbmolbn momrgâtbln
Jüau`c am mfblbmolbn momrgâtbln
Fuo lbco ms o muj îtblns
Fuolbcoms omujîtblns
Jmabanam` f`uec
Ymgu`nlbüo am`nprmsbüo
Lcojutnlbüo Jmaban am am`n prmsbüo `nprmsbüo
Jmaban am` f`uec
JX;DNC
Fuolb co ms omujîtb lns
Lcojutnlbüoam `nprmsbüo
Jmabanam `nprmsbüo
Jmaban am` f`uec
Lcojutnlbüo am`n prmsbüo
Jmaban am `nprmsbüo
Qn` `mr am m` mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nb rm lcjprbj bac
6=
6=
J\M6-M9J/-A9J - Jüau`c am mfblbmolbn momrgâtbln/mxtmosbüo ¡\u lcosujc am nbrm lcjprbjbac inec lcotrc`! M` jüau`cam mfblbmolbnmomrgâtblnmsuon lcjibonlbüobotm`bgmotm lcjibonlbüobotm`bgmotm am uonuobanaam jnotmobjbmotc, smoscrmsy lcjuoblnlbüoam ius am lnjpc. Ymgu`n am fcrjn nutcjîtblnm` lcosujcam nbrmlcjprbjbacy, mo lnscomlmsnrbc, `c lcjuoblnlbüoam amslcomltn.
Qrms fuolbcoms prbolbpn`ms5 >. Amslcomxbüonutcjîtblnmom` jcac am mspmrnam` sbstmjn/jîqubon. [rcaullbüoocrjn` c e u ` f / n ê g r m o m m a c t b s b u q m Y
9. Amtmllbüonutcjîtblnam fugns (trns`n amslcomxbüo) Bamn`
Jcacamnhcrrc momrgâtblc
m a n ` n l s M
rmn`
¡Fugn amtmltnan!
Qbmjpc
Botmrfnlms am ius am lnjpc5 JX;DNC
/9‚ 4 (;.1…>.;J[n) 1...>;inr 4 =;....=.;;;`/jbo Qn` `mr am m` mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nb rm lcjprbj bac
66
66
99
>8/;=/9;9;
Fuolbcoms am J\M6-A9J/-M9J J\M6-L9J mo m` jcac nutcjîtblc nutcjîtblc A9J
F`uec
@êjbtmamf`uec
> [nrnanam
prcaullbüo amtmltnan
[rmsbüo [9
M9J
9 F`uec ami`cqum (nutcjîtblc)
< @cln`bznlbüo amfugns
[rmsbüo ocrjn`am smrvblbc
1 Ymboblbc am`n prcaullbüo
Qbmjpc
Jcac amnhcrrc momrgâtblc JX;DNC
Qn` `mr am m` mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nb rm lcjprbj bac
67
67
Lcjibonlbüo am J\M6-L9J y J\M6-A9J Ouim
J\M6-L9J
J\M6-A9J
[@L
[rcfbomt
Mqubpc BC Fmst cN G& G& Lc .D G
9AB/9AC
\ystmjiusam Fmstc
F njb b` nJ \M6 “ Booc vna cr nu ob ana o om mu jît lbn am su jbob str ca mr mr ma
L mr na c5 > 1/; 2
68
68
Lam J\M6-L9J y tmrjbon` L[X BC Ouim
J\M6-L9J
Qmrjbon` L[X BC
[@L
jîx. < jüau`csL[X
Jüau`cs abspcobi`ms L[X-1AB(91VAL,[O[) L[X-8AB(91VAL,[O[) L[X-1AC(91VAL,;,=N, [O[) L[X-8AC(91VAL,;,=N, [O[ L[X-8AB/8AC(91VAL, ;,9=N,[O[) L[X-1NB-]-B L[X-9NC-]-B •
[rcfbomt
•
• • •
Mqubpc BC Fmst cN G& G& Lc .D G
9AB/9AC
F njb b` nJ \M6 “ Booc vna cr nu ob ana o om mu jît lbn am su jbob str ca mr mr ma
\ystmjiusam Fmstc
• •
L mr na c5 > 1/; 2
62
62
9<
>8/;=/9;9;
Lnsc am usc 1/; 2
7;
7;
[no [nom`msM9J m`msM9J mo botmro botmromt mt (ouim)
JX;DNC
Qn` `mr am m` mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nb rm lcjprbj bac
7>
7>
³^uâ tuic f`mxbi`m amic utb`bznr3 Ymqumrbjbmotcs qum amim lujp`br uo tuic f`mxbi`m5 Qmjpmrnturn [rmsbüo Ynabcs am lurvnturn jêobjcs Hcjc`cgnlbüopnrn `n boaustrbn n`bjmotnrbn Ymqubsbtcshbgbâoblcs L`nsm am fumgc smgõo]@ 21 Ymsbstmolbnnotmprcaultcsquêjblcs Ymsbstmolbnjblrcibnon Mstnib`bana n `cs rnycs u`trnvbc`mtn Ymsbstmolbn n `n hbarü`bsbs Ymsbstmolbn n `n fbsurnlbüopcr msfumrzc Nprcpbnacpnrnvnlêc Mqubpnjbmotcnotbmstîtblc \bohn`ügmocs @uirblnlbüosbosb`blcon smgõoFO 219;>; Nprcpbnacpnrnlnamonsamnrrnstrm Hcjc`cgnlbüoQÐV Gnjn am lc`crms
JX;DNC
M` 7; % am `cs usunrbcs oc lcoclmo `cs rmqumrbjbmotcs `c sufblbmotmjmotm ibmo lcjc pnrn rmn`bznr uon sm`mllbüo namlunan.
@n sc`ulbüo5 pmrjêtnocs qum `m nsmscrmjcs. Jmrmlm `n pmon. \îqum`m pnrtbac n oumstrn mxpmrbmolbn.
Qn` `mr am m` mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nb rm lcjprbj bac
79
79
91
>8/;=/9;9;
³Lüjc anr lco `n lcjibonlbüo namlunan am tuics f`mxbi`ms y rnlcrms3 N p` p` bl nl nlb c co om s m bo ff`` um um o oll bns n nj ji bm ot otn `m s
Qu i ic c ff`` m mxx bi `m rm rm llc cj jm mo oa an a ac c
Fuolbüo iîsbln pnrn tnrmns smolb``ns4 vnrbnotms mlcoüjblns mo tnjnþcs Jbob y ocrjn`
Grno lnotbana am vnrbnotms pnrn np`blnlbcoms omujîtblns mstîoanr, tnjnþcs Jbob y ocrjn`
Yn llc c rr m mllc j jm mo oa an na ac
Fuolbcon` [] O-H
^\ ^\J
Oujmrcsns vnrbnotms
^\ ^\J O[^J
[]O-H
Qmrjcmstni`m
Qmjpmrnturns hnstn >=; »L
[FNO
O[^Y
[brcrrmtnranotm Nprcpbnan pnrn zcons lco pm`bgrc am bolmoabc
JX;DNC
[] O-VC
O[^Y
Qn` `mr am m` mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nb rm lcjprbj bac
7<
7<
³Lüjc anr lco `n lcjibonlbüo namlunan am tuics f`mxbi`ms y rnlcrms3 N p` p` bln lblb c co om mss m b of of `u m mo o llbb ns ns n ji ji bm ot ot n` n` ms ms
Qu i ic c f `mx bbi i` m r m mllc j jm mo an an a ac c
Ybmsgc am amslnrgns m`mltrcstîtblns
Notbmstîtblc
Motcrocs qum mxbgmo `bjpbmzn botmosbvn
Ymsbstmotm n `cs amtmrgmotms
Np`blnlbcoms mo zcons am prcaullbüo am lhbspns
Ymsbstmolbn n sn`pblnaurnsam sc`anaurn
[] O-LJ
[@O
Yn llc c rr m mllc j jm mo oa an na ac O[^Y
O[^Y O[^[ ^\-VC
[NO-VC Ucon am prclmsnjbmotc am n`bjmotcs (>) Ucon am prclmsnjbmotc am n`bjmotcs (9) Ucon am prclmsnjbmotc am n`bjmotcs (8/;=/9;9;
¡Grnlbns pcr su ntmolbüo!
JX;DNC
Qn` `mr am m` mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nb rm lcjprbj bac
76
Qn` `mr am m` mjmotcs am pr mpnrnlbüo am nb rm lcjprbj bac
77
76
JX;DNC
77
96
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